1 із 200
Step 1 - Stomatology 2017
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2 із 200
During dehelmintization a patient expelled long fragments of a segmented helminth. In some segments their width exceeds their length; there is a rosette¬like uterus in the segment center. Name the helminth:
Diphylobotrium latum
Hymenolepis nana
Taeniarhynchus saginatus
Echinococcus
Taenia solium
3 із 200
Carious cavities of a 29-year-old patient contain parasitic protozoa. It is established that they belong to the Sarcodina class. Specify these protozoa:
Entamoeba gingivalis
Entamoeba histolutica
Lamblia intestinalis
Entamoeba coli
Amoeba proteus
4 із 200
According to the law of constancy of chromosome numbers, most ani¬mal species have definite and constant chromosome number. The mechani¬sm that maintains this constancy duri¬ng sexual reproduction of organisms is called:
Meiosis
Schizogony
Amitosis
-
Regeneration
5 із 200
At a certain stage of human ontogenesis, physiological bond occurs between circulatory systems of the mother and the fetus. This function is being carried out by the following provi¬sory organ:
Placenta
Serous tunic
Amnion
Allantois
Yolk sac
6 із 200
It is necessary to perform urinary bladder catheterization of an adult man. Resistance to the catheter can occur in the following structure or part of the urethra:
Membranous part
Prostatic part
External urethral orifice
Spongiose part
Internal urethral orifice
7 із 200
A woman has come to a dentist wi¬th complaints of bruising and swelling around her eye. Anamnesis is as follows: several days prior her 1st premolar tooth had been extracted, with infraorbital anaesthesia administered; several days later hematoma appeared in the area of foramen intraorbitale. The branch of the following artery was damaged:
Maxillary artery
Superior labial artery
Masseteric artery
Facial artery
Superficial temporal artery
8 із 200
A patient consulted a doctor about an increased pain sensitivity of the ear skin and ear canal. Palpation behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle was painful. Such clinical presentations are typical of the irritation of the following nerve:
N. auricularis magnus
N. transversus colli
N. occipitalis minor
Nn. supraclaviculares
N. vagus
9 із 200
In a 12-year-old patient an inflammatory process in the internal ear spread to the meninges, diffusely affecti¬ng them. A doctor suspects the process to have spread through the connection between the subarachnoid space of the brain and perilymphatic space of the internal ear. What anatomic structure became the pathway for the spreading inflammation?
Aqueductus vestibuli
Fossa subarcuata
Hiatus canalis n. petrosi minoris
Hiatus canalis n. petrosi majoris
Fissura petrosquamosa
10 із 200
A woman with essential hypertensi¬on has been hospitalized. The patient presents with aneurysm of a. communi- cans posterior of the cerebrum arterial circle. What vessels of arterial circle are normally joined with this artery?
A. carotis interna et a. cerebri posterior
A. carotis externa et a. cerebri anterior
A. cerebri media et a. cerebri posterior
A. cerebri anterior et a. cerebri media
A. carotis interna et a. cerebri media
11 із 200
In the skin biopsy material in the epidermis there are cells with processes and cytoplasm that contains dark brown granules. Name these cells:
Melanocytes
Intraepidermal macrophages
Merkel’s cells
Lymphocytes
Keratinocytes
12 із 200
Gastroscopy of a patient revealed the lack of mucus in the coating of the mucous membrane. This can be caused by the dysfunction of the following cells of gastric wall:
Cells of prismatic glandular epitheli¬um
Parietal cells of gastric glands
Cervical cells
Endocrinocytes
Main exocrinocytes
13 із 200
Alcoholic intoxication is accompani¬ed by disturbed motor coordination and equilibrium due to the damage caused to structural elements of the cerebellum. Functional disturbance of the following cells occurs in the first place:
Pyriform cells
Stellate cells
Basket cells
Fusiform cells
Granule cells
14 із 200
Histologic specimen demonstrates an oral cavity organ with mucosa covered with keratinized stratified squamous epi-thelium. Specify this organ or its part:
Gum
Soft palate
Inferior surface of tongue
Uvula
Labial mucosa
15 із 200
During gastrulation an embryo proceeds from histiotrophic to hematotrophic nutrition. What provi¬sory organ makes it possible at first?
Chorion
Yolk sac
Allantois
Amnion
Trophoblast
16 із 200
One of the coats of a hollow organ has anastomotic fibers with nuclei. The fibers consist of cells that form intercalated disks at the places of contact. What tissue forms this coat?
Cross-striated cardiac muscle
Dense irregular connective tissue
Unstriped muscle
Loose fibrous connective tissue
Cross-striated skeletal muscle
17 із 200
A 30-year-old woman has decreased enzyme content in the pancreatic juice. This condition can be caused by insuffici-ent secretion of the following hormone:
Cholecystokinin-pancreozymin
Vasoactive intestinal peptide
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
Secretin
Somatostatin
18 із 200
Electric current has affected skeletal muscle fiber resulting in depolarisati¬on of the membrane. Depolarisation develops due to the following ions penetrating the membrane:
Na+
Cl¬E. K+
HCO3C. Ca2+
19 із 200
Psychological evaluation determined that a person is able to quickly adapt to changing situation, has good memory, is emotionally stable, possesses of high working ability. This person is the most likely to be:
Phlegmatic
Choleric
Sanguine
Phlegmatic with melancholic traits
Melancholic
20 із 200
An oculist has detected increased ti¬me of darkness adaptation of a patient’s eye. What vitamin deficiency can cause such symptom?
А
С
D
Е
К
21 із 200
A patient suffers from diabetes melli- tus with fasting hyperglycemia over 7,2 mmol/l. What blood plasma protein would allow to assess the patient’s glycemia level retrospectively (4-8 weeks prior to examination)?
Glycated hemoglobin
Fibrinogen
Ceruloplasmin
C -reactive protein
Albumin
22 із 200
A patient is in the state of hypoglycemic coma. What hormone can cause this condition if overdosed?
Insulin
Corticotropin
Cortisol
Somatotropin
Progesterone
23 із 200
A 24-year-old patient has been admi¬nistered glutamic acid to treat epilepsy. Medicinal effect in this case occurs not due to glutamate itself, but due to the product of its decarboxylation:
Y-aminobutyric acid
Taurine
Histamine 4-monooxygenase
Serotonin
Dopamine
24 із 200
Mucin aggregates retain water, whi¬ch results in their viscosity and protecti¬ve action. It is possible because mucin structure contains:
Glycosaminoglycans
Homopolysaccharides
Oligosaccharides
Glucose
Disaccharides
25 із 200
Along with normal hemoglobin types there can be pathological ones in the body of an adult. Specify one of them:
HbS
HbA1
HbF
HbO2
HbA2
26 із 200
Chronic overdosage of glucocorti¬coids leads to the development of hyperglycemia. What process of carbohydrate metabolism is responsible for this effect?
Gluconeogenesis
Pentose-phosphate cycle
Glycogenesis
Aerobic glycolisis
Glycogenolysis
27 із 200
After anaesthetic application during tooth extraction the patient developed marked soft tissue edema of the upper and lower jaw, skin rash on the face, reddening, and itching. What pathologi¬cal process results in such reaction to the anaesthetic?
Allergy
Inflammation
Circulatory deficiency
Toxic action of a drug
Disturbed lymph drainage
28 із 200
Due to morbid affection of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus a 40year-old pati¬ent has developed polyuria (10-12 liters per day) and polydipsia. The following hormone is deficient, thus leading to this disturbance:
Vasopressin
Corticotropin
Somatotropin
Oxytocin
Thyrotropin
29 із 200
A patient with glossitis presents with disappearance of lingual papi¬llae, reddening and burning pain in the tongue. Blood test: erythrocytes - 2,2 • 1012/l, hemoglobin - і0з g/l, color index -1,4. What type of anemia is it?
B12 folate-deficient
в-thalassemia
a-thalassemia
Iron deficiency
Iron refractory
30 із 200
A patient with chronic renal failure presents with reduced inulin clearance of 60 ml/min. The following renal function is disturbed:
Glomerular filtration
Tubular secretion
Reabsorption in the tubules of collecti¬ng duct
Reabsorption in the distal tubular segment of the nephron
Reabsorption in the proximal tubular segment of the nephron
31 із 200
Histological investigation of an extracted tooth revealed presence of necrotic detritus with fatty acid crystals and numerous microbe colonies in the pulp chamber. What diagnosis is the most likely?
Pulp gangrene
Complicated chronic pulpitis
Purulent pulpitis
Serous pulpitis
Chronic pulpitis
32 із 200
Autopsy of a man with tuberculosis has revealed a 3x2 cm large cavity in the superior lobe of the right lung. The cavity was interconnected with a bronchus, its wall was dense and consi¬sted of three layers: the internal layer was pyogenic, the middle layer was made of tuberculous granulation tissue and the external one was made of connective ti¬ssue. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Fibrous cavernous tuberculosis
Fibrous focal tuberculosis
Acute cavernous tuberculosis
Tuberculoma
Acute focal tuberculosis
33 із 200
Histological investigation of renal bi¬opsy material taken from a patient wi¬th tuberculosis has revealed chaotically located chromatin granules in the focus of caseous necrosis. These changes are the result of:
Karyorrhexis
Apoptosis
Mitotic activity of nuclei
Karyopyknosis
Karyolysis
34 із 200
During inspection of dental tools for sterility in one case gram-positive cocci were detected. They were situated in clusters and yielded positive plasma coagulation reaction; the cocci were fermenting mannitol in anaerobic condi¬tions and exhibiting lecithinase activity. What microorganism was detected?
Staph. aureus
Corinebacterium xerosis
St. epidermidis
Str. pyogenes
St. saprophiticus
35 із 200
Analysis of sputum taken from a pati¬ent with suspected pneumonia revealed slightly elongated gram-positive di- plococci with tapered opposite ends. What microorganisms were revealed in the sputum?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Neisseria meningitidis
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
36 із 200
Microscopic examination of pus sample taken from mandibular fistula canal and stained by Gram’s method has revealed druses with gram-positive coloring in the center and cone-shaped structures with gram-negative coloring. Such morphology is characteristic of the agent of:
Actinomycosis
Fusobacteriosis
Staphylococcal osteomyelitis
Anaerobic infection
Candidiasis
37 із 200
A puncture sample has been taken from the inguinal lymph nodes of a pati¬ent provisionally diagnosed with plague. The sample was inoculated into hard nutrient medium. What shape will the colonies have, if the diagnosis is confi¬rmed?
”Lace handkerchief”
”Shagreen leather”
”Lion’s mane”
’’Mercury drops”
”Dewdrops”
38 із 200
To perform conduction anesthesia a patient had been administered a drug used in dental surgery. The patient developed the symptoms of poisoni¬ng: central nervous system excitation followed by paralysis and acute cardi¬ovascular insufficiency (collapse). Addi¬tionally there were allergic reactions (itching, swelling, erythema). Name this drug:
Lidocaine
Tubocurarin chloride
Suxamethonium chloride
Thiopental sodium
Pipecuronium bromide
39 із 200
Enzymes and other active substances regulating connective tissue density and permeability are being produced in connective tissue cells. What enzyme drug is used to make the connecti¬ve tissue growths looser and more permeable?
Lydase
Lipase
Amylase
Cocarboxylase
Cholinesterase
40 із 200
A schizophrenic patient has been prescribed aminazine. What pharmacodynamic action of this drug justifies its prescription in this case?
Antipsychotic
Antiemetic
Hypothermic
Hypotensive
Muscle relaxant
41 із 200
A patient with maxillofacial joint arthritis has come to a dentist. The denti¬st prescribed an ointment with an anti-inflammatory agent that is a pyrazolone derivative. Name this agent:
Butadion (Phenylbutazone)
Diclofenac sodium
Ibuprofen
Indometacin
Mefenamic acid
42 із 200
A 55-year-old man with acute heart failure has been administered a quick- relief cardiac glycoside. Which of the following drugs has been given to the patient?
Strophanthin
Milrinone
Celanid
Digitoxin
Adonisidum
43 із 200
A patient suffering from ciliary arrhythmia with anamnesis of bronchi¬al asthma should be prescribed an anti¬arrhythmic drug. What antiarrhythmic drug is CONTRAINDICATED in this case?
Anaprilin (Propranolol)
Nifedipine
Ajmaline
Verapamil
Novocainamide (Procainamide)
44 із 200
A 35-year-old woman is diagnosed with faucial diphtheria. The patient di¬ed with signs of acute heart failure. On autopsy: heart cavities are enlarged in the diameter, heart muscle is dull, flaccid, striped on section, with yellowish areas under the endocardium. What type of degeneration was detected in cardiac hystiocytes?
Fatty
Hyaline droplet
Hydropic
Ballooning
Carbohydrate
45 із 200
A 67-year-old patient has ordered a full functional denture. It was necessary to extract his left upper canine. After infraorbital anaesthesia the patient presented with progressing hematoma in the frontal part of his face. The patient was found to have an injury of the artery that is the branch of:
A. maxillaris
A. temporalis superficialis
A. labialis superior
A. ophthalmica
A. facialis
46 із 200
A woman, who had undergone mastectomy due to breast cancer, was prescribed a course of radiation therapy. What vitamin preparation has marked antiradiation effect due to its antioxidant activity?
Tocopherol acetate
Ergocalciferol
Cyanocobalamin
Riboflavin
Folic acid
47 із 200
Often the cause of secondary immunodeficiency is an infectious affection of an organism, when agents reproduce directly in the cells of immune system and destroy them. Specify the di¬seases, during which the described above occurs:
Infectious mononucleosis, AIDS
Dysentery, cholera
Tuberculosis, mycobacteriosis
Q fever, typhus
Poliomyelitis, viral hepatitis type A
48 із 200
Premature babies often develop respiratory distress syndrome. This pathology is caused by the deficiency of a certain component of the blood-air barrier. Name this component:
Surfactant
Capillary endothelium
Alveolocytes
Endothelial basement membrane
Alveolar basement membrane
49 із 200
A forensic laboratory received clothes of a citizen, who a day before was reported missing. The clothes were found in a shed, there are red stai¬ns identified as blood by an expert. What reaction should be performed to determine whether these red stains are dried human blood?
Circular precipitation
Enzyme immunoassay
Complement binding
Flocculation
Agglutination
50 із 200
A patient has a history of chronic heart failure. Which of the following hemodynamic parameters is a major symptom of cardiac decompensation development?
Decreased stroke volume
Increased central venous pressure
Tonogenic dilatation
Increased peripheral vascular resi¬stance
Tachycardia development
51 із 200
A 45-year-old patient with essential hypertension, who has been taking an antihypertensive drug for 4 days, notes that his blood pressure is normalized; however the patient complains of sleepi¬ness and sluggishness. What drug is the patient taking?
Clophelin (Clonidine)
Prazosin
Enalapril
Captopril
Apressin (Hydralazine)
52 із 200
Due to trauma the patient’s parathyroid glands have been removed, which resulted in inertness, thirst, sharp increase of neuromuscular excitability. Metabolism of the following substance is disturbed:
Calcium
Zinc
Chlorine
Manganese
Molybdenum
53 із 200
A doctor has established signifi¬cant growth retardation, disproportional body build, and mental deficiency of a child. What is the most likely cause of this pathology?
Hypothyroidism
Insufficient nutrition
Hypopituitarism
Genetic defects
Hyperthyroidism
54 із 200
To terminate hypertensive crisis the patient was administered solution of magnesium sulfate. What route of drug administration should be chosen?
Intravenous
Intra-arterial
Duodenal
Rectal
Oral
55 із 200
A specimen presents an endocri¬ne system organ covered with capsule made of connective tissue. Septa branch off from the capsule inwards and divi¬de the organ into lobules. Each lobule consists of two cell types: neurosecretory pinealocytes (polygonal cells with processes) located in the center and gli¬acytes (astrocytes) located at the peri¬phery. What organ is represented in this specimen?
Epiphysis
Thyroid gland
Hypothalamus
Adrenal medulla
Pituitary gland
56 із 200
After introdiction of adrenaline the patient’s blood glucose level increased. It is caused by intensified:
Glycogenolysis in the liver
Glycogen synthesis
Glycolysis in the skeletal muscles
Glycogenolysis in the muscles
Glycolysis in the liver
57 із 200
A 20-year-old young man, who started to train systematically in athleti¬cs, has the following resting-state blood values: erythrocytes - 5,5 • 1012/l, reti¬culocytes - 12%, hemoglobin - 160 g/l, color index - 1,03. Such blood values indicate erythropoiesis stimulation due to the following occurring in the process of his training:
Hypoxemia
Hyperglycemia
Hypercapnia
Hyperventilation
Physical activity
58 із 200
In the armpits of a patient there are small (1-1,5 mm), dorsoventrally flattened, wingless, blood-sucking insects. Their larvae have been developi¬ng in the armpits as well. What disease is caused by these insects?
Phthiriasis
Sleeping sickness
Chagas’ disease
Relapsing fever
Plague
59 із 200
To treat peptic ulcer disease of the stomach a patient has been prescribed famotidine. Specify the mechanism of action of this drug:
H2 histamine receptors block
Effect on ion channels of cell membranes
Antienzyme action
Physicochemical interaction
Effect on cell membrane transport system
60 із 200
A student, who unexpectedly met his girlfriend, developed an increase in systemic arterial pressure. This pressure change was caused by the intensified realization of the following reflexes:
Conditioned sympathetic
Conditioned sympathetic and parasympathetic
Unconditioned parasympathetic
Conditioned parasympathetic
Unconditioned sympathetic
61 із 200
A connective tissue specimen stained with hematoxylin-eosin shows isogenous cell groups surrounded with basophi¬lic intercellular substance. No fibrous structures are detected. What type of connective tissue is it?
Hyaline cartilage tissue
Dense fibrous tissue
Elastic cartilage tissue
Loose fibrous tissue
Splenial bone tissue
62 із 200
A 46-year-old patient consulted an oculist about drooping of the upper eyelid. On examination he was di¬agnosed with a brain tumor. The pathological process must have affected the nuclei of the following pair of cranial nerves:
III
VI
VII
IV
II
63 із 200
A 36-year-old patient consulted an ophthalmologist about eye ache. The examination revealed erosion of the cornea, that is the lack of superficial and spinous layers of the epithelium. What cells will provide regeneration of the damaged epithelium?
Cells of stratum basale
Cells of stratum corneum
Cells of stratum superficiale
Cells of stratum lucidum
Cells of stratum granulosum
64 із 200
A patient undergoing treatment with nitrofurans has imbibed a small amount of alcohol, which resulted in severe poi-soning. The poisoning developed due to:
Accumulation of acetic aldehyde
Allergic reaction
Neural disorder
Cardiovascular collapse
Disturbed renal function
65 із 200
During development of a frostbite the exposed skin becomes pale and its temperature drops. What mechanism is the basis of these developments?
Reflex vasoconstriction
Visceral vasoconstriction
Decreased heart rate
Closure of arteriovenous anastomoses
Dermal and subcutaneous vasodi¬latation
66 із 200
A patient during fasting developed ketoacidosis as a result of increased fatty acids decomposition. This decompositi¬on can be inhibited with:
Insulin
Cortisol
Glucagon
Adrenaline
Thyroxin
67 із 200
Examination of a patient revealed glycosuria and hyperglycemia. He complains of dry mouth, itchy skin, frequent urination, thirst. He has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. What is the cause of polyuria in this patient?
Increased urine osmotic pressure
Decreased cardiac output
Increased filtration pressure
Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
Increased plasma oncotic pressure
68 із 200
Due to overdosage of a vasodilator a 58-year-old patient has developed acute vascular insufficiency. What drug would be advisable for termination of this pathological condition?
Mesaton (Phenylephrine)
Dopamine
Cordiamin
Aethimizolum (Methylamide)
Euphyllin (Aminophylline)
69 із 200
To treat chronic heart failure a patient takes digoxin. What diuretic can increase digoxin toxicity due to increased excretion of K + ions?
Hydrochlorothiazide
Spironolactone
Silibor
Panangin
Lisinopril
70 із 200
A patient, who had been eating only polished rice, developed polyneuri¬tis caused by thiamine deficiency. What compound can be indicative of this kind of avitaminosis when excreted with uri¬ne?
Pyruvic acid
Phenylpyruvate
Uric acid
Methylmalonic acid
Malate
71 із 200
A doctor examined a patient, studi¬ed the patient’s blood analyses and concluded that the peripheral organs of immunogenesis are damaged. What organs are the most likely to be affected?
Tonsils
Thymus
Red bone marrow
Kidneys
Yellow bone marrow
72 із 200
In what organ biotransformation (metabolic transformation) of most medicinal agents occurs upon their introduction into an organism?
Liver
Lungs
Skin
Intestine
Kidneys
73 із 200
A patient with diabetes mellitus has been delivered to a hospital unconsci¬ous. BP is low, Kussmaul’s respiration is observed, the smell of acetone can be detected from the patient’s mouth. What mechanism is leading in the coma development in this case?
Accumulation of ketone bodies in blood
Accumulation of potassium ions
Accumulation of sodium ions
Accumulation of urea
Accumulation of chlorine ions
74 із 200
A patient has been diagnosed with bi¬cuspid valve insufficiency. Where is this valve located?
Between the left atrium and left ventricle
Between the left and right ventricles
Between the right atrium and right ventricle
At the aortic orifice
Between the left and right atria
75 із 200
In the epicenter of the registered rabies cases among wild animals a 43- year-old man came to a clinic and clai¬med to have been bitten by a stray dog. He was given a course of anti-rabies vaccine. This preparation belongs to the following type of vaccines:
Attenuated
Toxoids
Inactivated
Synthetic
Molecular
76 із 200
In Western Europe nearly half of all congenital malformations occur in the children conceived in the period when pesticides were used extensively in the region. These congenital conditions are the result of the following factor:
Teratogenic
Carcinogenic
Mutagenic
Mechanical
Malignization
77 із 200
Gastrulation is the period of embryogenesis, when germinal layers are formed, resulting in three-layered structure of an embryo. What gastrulati- on mechanism is characteristic of a human embryo?
Delamination and immigration
Immigration and invagination
Delamination and epiboly
Invagination
Epiboly
78 із 200
A 19-year-old young man has been examined in a nephrological hospi¬tal. Increased potassium content was detected in secondary urine of the pati¬ent. Such alterations are the most likely to be caused by the increased secretion of the following hormone:
Aldosterone
Glucagon
Oxytocin
Adrenaline
Testosterone
79 із 200
A 12-year-old boy has tetanic convulsions. What gland can be functi¬onally impaired in this case?
Glandulae parathyroidae
Glandula pinealis
Hypophisis
Thymus
Glandula thyroidea
80 із 200
A man came to a surgeon with complains of pain in his lower right abdomen. On deep palpation the doctor detected a painful area in the right ingui¬nal region. What part of the intestine is the most likely to be affected with pathological process?
Cecum
Rectum
Transverse colon
Sigmoid colon
Descending colon
81 із 200
During investigation of skin epitheli¬um it was determed, that it consists of several cellular layers. Epithelial cells of the external layer have no nuclei. What type of epithelium is it?
Keratinized stratified squamous epi¬thelium
Multirow columnar epithelium
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Multirow ciliary epithelium
Transitional epithelium
82 із 200
A histological specimen shows termi¬nal secretory parts of glands made of conic cells with basophilic cytoplasm and a roundish nucleus in the centre. Specify the type of terminal secretory parts by the type of secretion:
Serous
Seromucous
Mucous
Sebaceous
Combined
83 із 200
Electron diffraction pattern of a spermatozoon clearly presents a sheath¬like structure localized in the spermi- ocalyptrotheca and participating in di¬ssolution of ovular membranes. Name this structure:
Acrosome
Centriole
Axoneme
Segmented columns
Microtubules
84 із 200
A patient complains of toothache. On examination he has been di¬agnosed with pulpitis. Which factor played the main pathogenic role in the development of pain syndrome in this case?
Increased intratissular pressure in the dental pulp
Interleukin action
Vasospasm
Inadequate stimulation of the mandi¬bular nerve branch
Activation of one of the complement system components
85 із 200
The patient’s saliva has been tested for antibacterial activity. What saliva component has antibacterial properties?
Lysozyme
Parotin
Amylase
Ceruloplasmin
Cholesterol
86 із 200
A patient with a bleeding knife wound in the area of carotid triangle has been delivered to a hospital. Blood flowi¬ng from the wound is dark. What vessel is injured?
Internal jugular vein
Internal carotid artery
Facial vein
External jugular vein
Facial artery
87 із 200
A patient with symptoms of acute heart failure, namely pallor, acrocyanosis, and rapid shallow breathi¬ng, has been delivered to an emergency department. Which of these drugs is indi¬cated in this case?
Corglycon
Nitroglycerine
Digitoxin
Cordiamine
Adrenalin hydrochloride
88 із 200
A victim of an earthquake has been remaining under debris for 7 days wi¬thout food or water. What type of starvation is it?
Complete
Quantitative
Incomplete
Complete with continued hydration
Qualitative
89 із 200
Micromanipulator was used to extract one of the two centrioles of centrosome (cell center) from hepatocyte (liver cell). What process will STOP OCCURRING in this cell?
Division
Protein biosynthesis
Energy exchange
Glycogen synthesis
Lipid synthesis
90 із 200
During an experiment aimed as study of respiration regulation processes the peripheral chemoreceptors of test ani¬mals were stimulated, which resulted in changed respiratory rate and depth. Where are these receptors localized?
Aortic arch, carotid sinus
Capillary bed, aortic arch
Atria, carotid sinus
Capillary bed, carotid sinus
Capillary bed, aortic arch, carotid sinus
91 із 200
After an abortion a 25-year-old woman developed oliguria, anuria, and increasing azotemia. The patient di¬ed of acute renal failure. Autopsy revealed degeneration and necrosis of the convoluted renal tubules epithelium. What disease was the cause of death in this case?
Acute necrotizing nephrosis
Renal amyloidosis
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephri¬tis
Acute pyelonephritis
Chronic glomerulonephritis
92 із 200
A child with a foreign body in the lungs has been hospitalized. What bronchus is the most likely to contain this foreign body, if its diameter approxi¬mates to 1,5 cm?
Right primary bronchus
Right segmental bronchus
Lobar bronchus
Left segmental bronchus
Left primary bronchus
93 із 200
During examination of the oral cavity at the vestibular surface of the lower right incisor there was detected a rounded growth on the thin pedicle. Histologically: in the connective tissue there are numerous thin-walled sinusoi¬ds, hemorrhage areas, hemosiderin foci, and giant cells resembling osteoclasts. Make the diagnosis:
Giant cell epulis
Angiomatous epulis
Granular cell ameloblastoma
Gingival fibromatosis
Cavernous hemangioma
94 із 200
A 35-year-old man has come to a dentist with complaints of decreased density of the dental tissue and increased brittleness of his teeth during consumpti¬on of hard food. Laboratory analysis measured Ca/P correlation in the enamel sample. What value of Ca/P indicates increased demineralization?
0,9
2, 5
1, 67
1, 5
1, 85
95 із 200
During examination a dentist noti¬ced bowl-shaped defects on the frontal surface of the patient’s canines in the cervical area. Microscopically the pulp is covered with compacted dentin, sli¬ghtly atrophied and sclerosed. What pathological process occurs in the pati¬ent?
Cuneiform defects
Deep caries
Median caries
Stage of chalky white spots
Superficial caries
96 із 200
A patient complains of frequent bowel movements and stool with blood admixtures (’’raspberry jelly” stool). Mi-croscopic examination revealed large mononuclear cells with absorbed red blood cells. What protozoon is this morphological structure typical of?
Entamoeba histolytica
Campylobacter jejuni
Balantidium coli
Toxoplasma gondii
Giardia lamblia
97 із 200
During teeth examination on the lateral surface of the first upper molar there was detected a cone-shaped cari¬ous cavity with base oriented towards the tooth surface and apex - towards the tooth center. Softened dentin is visible at the floor of the carious cavity. Make the diagnosis:
Dentin caries
Cement caries
Enamel caries
-
Tooth erosion
98 із 200
After restoration of maxllary inci¬sors with artificial crowns a 44-year-old woman was found to have a brownish growth in the form of a node 15 mm in di¬ameter. Histological study revealed that under the stratified squamous epitheli¬um of the gingiva there was a connecti¬ve tissue mass with numerous sinusoi¬dal vessels, oval-shaped mononuclear cells forming osteoid substance, and polynuclear giant cells that destroyed the alveolar ridge of the upper jaw. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Giant cell epulis
Angiomatous epulis
Gingival fibromatosis
Eosinophilic granuloma
Fibromatous epulis
99 із 200
A woman is diagnosed with fatty ti¬ssue inflammation located between the leaves of broad ligament of the uterus. Name this anatomical structure:
Parametrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium
Mesometrium
Endometrium
100 із 200
Normal metabolic rate and energy expenditure should be taken into account when actual basal metabolic rate of a patient is being determied by means of indirect calorimetry. Normal metabolic rate can be determined most accurately based on the patient’s:
Sex, age, height and weight
Respiratory coefficient and caloric coefficient of oxygen
Height and respiratory coefficient
Respiratory coefficient and body surface area
Body surface area and weight
101 із 200
On microscopic examination of leftovers of the canned meat eaten by a patient with severe food toxicoinfecti- on the following was detected: gram¬positive bacilli with subterminal staini¬ng defect and configuration alteration of bacilli generally resembling a tennis racket. What agent was detected?
A. botulinum
S. aureus
E. coli
S. enteritidis
P. vulgaris
102 із 200
The patient’s examination in a hospital specialised in diseases of nervous system has revealed absence of light-induced miosis. It is caused by the damage of the following brain structures:
Vegetative nuclei of the 3rd pair of cranial nerves
Reticular nuclei of mesencephalon
Hypothalamus nuclei
Reticular nuclei of medulla oblongata
Red nuclei of mesencephalon
103 із 200
A newborn boy has been diagnosed with hydrocephalus. Doctors consider it to be caused by teratogenic factors. What germ layers are affected by the teratogen?
Ectoderm
All embryo germ layers
Endoderm
Endoderm and mesoderm
Mesoderm
104 із 200
A patient on the 2nd day after cardiac infarction presents with acute decrease of systolic blood pressure down to 60 mm Hg with tachycardia 140/min., dyspnea, loss of consciousness. What mechanism is essential in the pathogenesis of shock developed in this case?
Decreased cardiac output
Development of anaphylactic reaction to myocardial proteins
Development of paroxysmal tachycardia
Decreased circulating blood volume
Increased myocardial excitability caused by products of necrotic disi¬ntegration
105 із 200
For biochemical diagnostics of cardiac infarction it is necessary to determine activity of a number of enzymes and their izoenzymes in the blood. What enzyme assay is considered to be optimal for confirming or ruling out cardiac infarction at the early stage, after the patient develops thoracic pain?
Creatine kinase MB isoenzyme
LDH5 isoenzyme
LDHi isoenzyme
Creatine kinase MM isoenzyme
Cytoplasmic isoenzyme of aspartate aminotransferase
106 із 200
A 56-year-old man presents wi¬ th parathyroid tumor. The followi¬ng is observed: muscle weakness, osteoporosis, bone deformation, nephroliths consisting of oxalates and phosphates. The patient’s condition is caused by:
Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone
Increased secretion of calcitonin
Decreased secretion of parathyroid hormone
Increased secretion of thyroxin
Decreased secretion of calcitriol
107 із 200
There is increased activity of AST, LDH1, LDH2, and CPK in the patient’s blood. Pathological process most likely occurs in the:
Heart
Liver
Adrenal glands
Kidneys
Skeletal muscles
108 із 200
A patient suffering from acute vascular purpura is prescribed a first- generation antihistamine with local anaesthetic, antispasmodic, and sedati¬ve action. Specify this drug:
Dimedrol (Diphenhydramine)
Droperidol
Diazolin (Mebhydrolin)
Dithylin
Dibazol (Bendazol)
109 із 200
A patient with autoimmune thyroi¬ditis has been prescribed a peptide hormonal agent. Specify this agent:
L-thyroxin
Triamcinolone
Tamoxifen
Triquilar
Trimethoprim
110 із 200
A 42-year-old woman, who has been keeping to a vegetarian diet for a long period of time, consulted a doctor. Examination revealed negative nitrogen balance in the patient. What factor is the most likely cause of such a condition?
Insufficient amount of proteins in the diet
Insufficient amount of fats in the diet
Insufficient amount of dietary fiber
Excessive amount of fats in the diet
Decreased rate of metabolic processses
111 із 200
Cytogenetic analysis allowed to determine the patient’s karyotype - 47, XY, +21/46, XY. Name this condition:
Mosaicism
Genocopy
Translocation
Deletion
Phenocopy
112 із 200
A patient, who after a trauma suffers from impeded active flexion of elbow, consulted a traumatologist. What muscle is the most likely to be damaged?
M. biceps brachii
M. deltoideus
M. coracobrachialis
M. pectoralis major
M. latissimus dorsi
113 із 200
In the patient’s feces there were eggs of Fasciola hepatica. The doctor, however, refrained from making di¬agnosis and insisted on a repeat of analysis, with beef liver excluded from the patient’s diet. What led the doctor to make such decision?
Possible phenomenon of transient eggs
Insufficient qualification of a laboratory assistant
Uncertainty regarding the analysis precision
Lack of trust towards the investigation method
Absent symptoms of invasion
114 із 200
A patient presents with dysfunction of the cerebral cortex accompanied by epileptic seizures. He has been admini¬stered a biogenic amine synthetized from glutamate and responsible for central inhibition. What substance is it?
у-aminobutyric acid
Serotonin
Dopamine
Histamine
Acetylcholine
115 із 200
Red bone marrow has been damaged under radioactive emission of 5 Gy. What determines the red bone marrow sensitivity towards ionizing radi¬ation?
Intensive cell division
Radiosensitizers in the cells
Destructive effect of radiotoxins on DNA synthesis
High content of peroxides in the cells
High content of free radicals in the cells
116 із 200
A 40-year-old patient suffers from intolerance of dairy products. This condition has likely developed due to insufficiency of the following digestive enzyme:
Lactase
Invertase
Lipase
Amylase
Maltase
117 із 200
A patient has been diagnosed wi¬th severe Si2-deficient anemia with hemopoiesis disturbance. Anamnesis states total gastrectomy. What cells allow to confirm this diagnosis, if they are absent in the peripheral blood?
Megalocytes
Anulocytes
Ovalocytes
Normocytes
Microcytes
118 із 200
To prevent wound infection associ¬ated with surgical procedures a patient was given a synthetic antiprotozoan drug demonstrating high activity against Heli¬cobacter pylori. Specify this drug:
Metronidazole
Isoniazid
Chingamin
Acyclovir
Doxycycline hydrochloride
119 із 200
A specimen of intestine demonstrates complex branching tubuloalveolar glands with their ends embedded in the submucous layer. What organ is it?
Duodenum
Ileum
Colon
Jejunum
Cecum
120 із 200
After examining a patient a doctor recommended him to exclude rich meat and vegetable broths, spices, and smoked products from the diet, since the patient was found to have:
Increased secretion of hydrochloric acid by the stomach glands
Reduced salivation
Biliary dyskinesia
Reduced secretion of hydrochloric acid by the stomach glands
Reduced motility of the gastrointesti¬nal tract
121 із 200
Roentgenologically confirmed obstruction of common bile duct resulted in preventing bile from inflowi¬ng to the duodenum. What process is likely to be disturbed?
Fat emulgation
Salivation inhibition
Protein absorption
Hydrochloric acid secretion in stomach
Carbohydrate hydrolysis
122 із 200
Typical signs of food poisoning caused by A. botulinum include diplopia, swallowing and respiration disorders. These signs develop due to:
Exotoxin action
Adenylate cyclase activation
Adhesion of the agent to enterocyte receptors
Enterotoxic shock development
Enterotoxin action
123 із 200
A patient in a grave condition has been delivered to an admission ward. Examination revealed pupil mydriasis, no reaction to the light, considerable reddening and dryness of skin and mucous membranes. What drug could have caused the intoxication symptoms?
Atropine sulphate
Proserin
Adrenalin hydrochloride
Dithylinum
Pilocarpine hydrochloride
124 із 200
A patient consulted a therapeuti¬st with complaints of pain in the chest, cough, fever. X-ray revealed eosinophi¬lic infiltrates in the lungs, further investi¬gation of which allowed to detect presence of larvae. What helminthiasis is it characteristic of?
Ascariasis
Trichiniasis
Echinococcosis
Cysticercosis
Fascioliasis
125 із 200
As a result of an injury a child developed an abscess of adipose tissue of the cheek. With time the process spread to the lateral surface of the pharynx. Pus had spread along the following fascia:
Bucco-pharyngeal
-
Temporal
Masticatory
Parotid
126 із 200
Brain investigation by means of nuclear magnetic resonance revealed the patient to have a hematoma in the genu of the internal capsule. What pathway is damaged in this case?
Tr. cortico-nuclearis
Tr. cortico-fronto-pontinus
Tr. cortico-thalamicus
Tr. cortico-spinalis
Tr. thalamo-corticalis
127 із 200
Cytochemical investigation revealed high content of hydrolytic enzymes in the cytoplasm. This phenomenon indicates the activity of the following organelles:
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Cell center
Endoplasmic reticulum
Polysomes
128 із 200
A victim of a traffic accident has lost thoracic respiration but retaines di- aphragmal. The spinal cord is most likely to be damaged at:
VI-VII cervical segments
XI-XII cervical segments
I-II cervical segments
I-II sacral segments
I-II lumbar segments
129 із 200
Preventative examination of a 55- year-old patient revealed type II di¬abetes mellitus. An endocrinologist detected an increase in body weight and liver enlargement. The man is a nonsmoker and does not abuse alcohol but likes to have a ’’hearty meal’.’ Hi¬stological examination by means of di-agnostic liver puncture revealed that the hepatocytes were enlarged mostly on the lobule periphery, their cytoplasm had transparent vacuoles that reacted positi¬vely with sudan III. What liver pathology was revealed?
Fatty hepatosis
Chronic viral hepatitis
Portal liver cirrhosis
Acute viral hepatitis
Alcohol hepatitis
130 із 200
On microscopic examination of a surgical biopsy material (part of the lip with an ulcer) near the ulcer margins and under the ulcer floor in the connecti¬ve tissue of mucosa there are epithelial complexes composed of atypical stratifi¬ed epithelium with pathological mitotic figures. Within these complexes there are accumulations of bright pink concentric formations. What pathology is it?
Squamous cell keratinous carcinoma
Transitional cell carcinoma
Squamous cell nonkeratinous carci¬noma
Basal cell carcinoma
Papilloma
131 із 200
During examination of a patient with a periodontal disease it would be advisable to investigate functional state of blood vessels of the dentomaxillary area. What method can be applied in this case?
Rheography
Sphygmography
Electroodontodiagnostics
Chronaximetry
Gnathodynamometry
132 із 200
A patient with displaced fracture of the right coronoid process of mandible has been delivered to a first-aid center. What muscle had displaced the coronoid process?
Right temporal muscle
Right masticatory muscle
Left masticatory muscle
Right lateral pterygoid muscle
Right medial pterygoid muscle
133 із 200
A patient with bronchial asthma has developed a bronchial spasm duri¬ng the visit to a dentist. Name the drug necessary to arrest the spasm:
Salbutamol
Bisoprolol
Mesaton (Phenylephrine)
Anaprilin (Propranolol)
Naphthizin
134 із 200
Microscopy of an oval cell, 150 micron in size, revealed the following: cytoplasm has yolk inclusions but no centrioles. Name this cell:
Oocyte
Fibroblast
Leucocyte
Myocyte
Macrophage
135 із 200
A worker of a cattle farm consulted a surgeon about fever up to 40oC, headache, weakness. Objective exami¬nation of his back revealed hyperemia and a dark red infiltration up to 5 cm in diameter with black bottom in its center, which was surrounded with pustules. What disease are these presentations typical of?
Anthrax
Tularemia
Furuncle
Abscess
Plague
136 із 200
The autopsy of a 37-year-old man has revealed the following: in the aorta on the smooth glossy ivory-colored inti- ma there are yellowish-gray spots' blendi¬ng with each other, which form stripes that do not protrude from the intima surface. Microscopy reveals swelling and destruction of elastic membranes, di¬ffuse impregnation of aortic wall with orange granules ( if stained with Sudan III), orange coloring of macrophage cytoplasm and nonstriated muscle elements. Specify this process:
Lipoidosis of the aorta
Imbibition of the aorta with cadmium salts
Atherocalcinosis of the aorta
Atheromatosis of the aorta
Liposclerosis of the aorta
137 із 200
A patient with acute bronchitis has been prescribed sulfanilamide drugs for treatment. In an hour after administrati¬on the patient developed itching and vesicles filled with light transparent li¬quid on the face, palms and soles. Name the mechanism of immune response:
Reaginic reaction
-
Cell cytotoxicity
Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity
Antibody-mediated cytolysis
138 із 200
A 47-year-old man consulted a dentist about difficult mouth opening (trismus). The patient has a history of a stab wound of the lower extremity. What infection can be manifested by these symptoms?
Tetanus
Tularemia
Anaerobic wound infection
Whooping cough
Brucellosis
139 із 200
A 69-year-old patient developed a small plaque with subsequent ulceration on the skin of the lower eyelid. The formation was removed. Microscopic examination of dermis revealed complexes of atypical epitheli¬al cells arranged perpendicularly to the basal membrane on the periphery. The cells were dark, of polygonal prismatic shape, and had hyperchromic nuclei with frequent mitoses. What is the histologi¬cal form of carcinoma in this patient?
Basal cell carcinoma
Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Undifferentiated carcinoma
Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carci¬noma
140 із 200
A 68-year-old man, who had been suffering from essential hypertension for a long time, was delivered to a resusci-tation unit with hemiplegia. The patient died after 7 hours. On autopsy: in the right cerebral hemisphere there is a cavi¬ ty 5x5 cm in size with uneven margins, filled with dark red blood clots. What cerebral circulation disorder developed in the patient?
Hematoma
Hemorrhagic infiltration
Thrombosis
Petechial hemorrhage
Local venous hyperemia
141 із 200
What factor results in the highest energy expenditure under the normal vi¬tal activity conditions?
Action of skeletal muscles
Food rich in calories
Mental work
Increase of environment temperature
Decrease of environment temperature
142 із 200
To drain the oral cavity a dentist places a tampon between the cheek and the 2nd upper molar. This way secreti¬on of the following salivary gland WILL NOT be able to accumulate in the oral cavity:
Parotid gland
Sublingual gland
Labial glands
Lingual gland
Submandibular gland
143 із 200
During thermal stimulation it is characteristic of oral cavity blood vessels to:
Dilate in response to both cold and hot stimuli
Respond depending on the vessel functional condition
Respond with constriction to cold stimuli
Present no response towards thermal stimuli
Respond with constriction to hot stimuli
144 із 200
After the cerebral hemorrhage a patient developed aphasia - lost the abi¬lity to articulate words. The hemorrhage is localized in the:
Inferior frontal gyrus
First temporal convolution
Superior frontal gyrus
Middle frontal gyrus
Second temporal convolution
145 із 200
To assess the rate of collagen di- sintegration during certain connective tissue disturbances, it is necessary to measure the urine content of the followi¬ng:
Oxyproline
Proline
Lysine
Ornithine
Urea
146 із 200
Deaf parents with genotypes DDee and ddEE gave birth to a girl with normal hearing. Specify the form of D and E genes interaction:
Complementary interaction
Complete dominance
Overdominance
Epistasis
Polymery
147 із 200
A 33-year-old man has a cystic growth connected to the 2nd molar of the lower jaw. Within the cystic cavity there is a rudimentary tooth. On mi¬croscopy: inner cystic surface is covered with stratified squamous epithelium, there are groups of mucin-producing cells. What diagnosis is the most likely?
Follicular cyst
Primordial cyst
Follicular ameloblastoma
Radicular cyst
Periodontitis
148 із 200
In the course of an experiment researchers stimulate a branch of the sympathetic nerve that innervates heart. What alterations of cardiac activity should be registered?
Increase in heart rate and heart force
Increase in heart force
Increase in heart rate
Increase in arterial pressure
Decrease in heart force
149 із 200
A patient with a nasal trauma presents with skull fracture that circles the piriform opening. What bone is damaged?
Nasal
Lacrimal
Frontal
Ethmoid
Maxillary
150 із 200
During tooth brushing it is not uncommon for oral mucosa to be injured. However, bleeding quickly stops on its own. What substances in saliva qui¬ckly staunch the flow of blood during mi¬nor oral injuries?
Procoagulants
Lysozyme and mucin
Lipolytic enzymes
Mineral substances
Amylolytic enzymes
151 із 200
The autopsy of a 45-year-old man, who worked in organic acids producti¬on and died from uremia, has revealed reduced and completely destroyed crowns of the upper and lower incisors. Microscopy detects destruction of dentin and enamel, the pulp is covered with dense replacing dentin. What pathologi¬cal process occurred in the teeth in this case?
Necrosis of the hard tooth tissues
Cuneiform defects
Fluorosis
Teeth erosion
Hypercementosis
152 із 200
During postmortem examinati¬on of a 9-month-old infant it was determined that the cause of death was cerebral edema. What water-electrolyte imbalance is the most likely cause of the edema development?
Hypoosmolar hyperhydration
Hyperosmolar dehydration
Hyperosmolar hyperhydration
Isoosmolar dehydration
Isoosmolar hyperhydration
153 із 200
An accident had resulted in a 65-year-old man drowning in a lake. Resuscitation measures allowed to restore his respiration and cardiac functi¬on. What factor prolongs the period of apparent death?
Hypothermia
Hyperthermia
Prolonged preagony and agony
Elderly age
-
154 із 200
An athlete (a long-distance runner) during competition has developed acute heart failure. This pathology developed due to:
Volume overload
Pressure overload
Direct damage to myocardium
Pericardial pathology
Coronary blood flow disturbance
155 із 200
In postabsorptive state glycogen synthesis is increased in liver and muscles. The syntesis involves the following substance:
Uridine triphosphate (UTP)
Thymidine triphosphate (TTP)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Cytidine triphosphate (CTP)
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
156 із 200
A 50-year-old man, who has been suffering for a long time from vi¬ral hepatitis, developed mental impai¬rments, impairments of consciousness, and motor disturbances (tremor, ataxia, etc.). What is the mechanism of such condition?
Decreased detoxification function of the liver
Alterations in the lipid composition of blood
Decreased synthesis of albumins and globulins in the liver
Disturbed lipid exchange in the liver
Insufficient phagocytic function of stellate macrophages
157 із 200
A 30-year-old man had suffered a thoracic trauma in a traffic accident, whi¬ch resulted in disturbance of external respiration. What ventilatory failure can be observed in this case?
Extrapulmonary restrictive
Pulmonary restrictive
Dysregulatory
Obstructive
Mixed type
158 із 200
A girl is diagnosed with pri¬mary microcephaly that is a monogenic autosomal recessive disease. Her natural brother develops normally. What genotypes do the parents of these chi¬ldren have?
Аа х Аа
аа х аа
ААВВ х ААВВ
АА х АА
АА х аа
159 із 200
A patient diagnosed with botulism has been prescribed antibotulinic serum for treatment. What immunity will be formed in the given patient?
Antitoxic passive immunity
Infection immunity
Antimicrobic passive immunity
Antimicrobic active immunity
Antitoxic active immunity
160 із 200
An 84-year-old patient suffers from parkinsonism. One of the pathogenetic development elements of this disease is deficiency of a certain mediator in some of the brain structures. Name this medi¬ator:
Dopamine
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
Histamine
Acetylcholine
161 із 200
High-altitude dwellers typically demonstrate chronically intensified respiration and decreased pCO2 value of blood. What mechanism is leading in the compensation of their asid-base imbalance?
Desreased renal reabsorption of bicarbonate
-
Increased ammonia excretion with urine
Decreased pulmonary ventilation
Increased pulmonary ventilation
162 із 200
A patient has suffered a head injury. On examination there is a subcutaneous hematoma in the temporal area. What vessel was damaged, thus resulting in hematoma development?
А. temporalis superficialis
А. auricularis posterior
А. buccalis
А. occipitalis
А. maxillaris
163 із 200
Due to severe pain syndrome a patient has been prescribed a narcotic analgesic. Specify the prescribed drug:
Morphine
Dimexid
Indometacin
Analgin (Metamizole)
Nimesulid
164 із 200
A 50-year-old man came to a hospital with complaints of memory di¬sorders, painful sensations along the nerve trunks, decreased mental abili¬ty, circulatory disorders and dyspepsia. Anamnesis states excessive alcohol consumption. What vitamin deficiency can result in such symptoms?
Thiamine
Niacin
Riboflavin
Calciferol
Retinol
165 із 200
A young man has been performi¬ng physical exercises, holding a weight for a long time. What kind of muscle contraction is the most characteristic of these exercises?
Isometric
Asynchronous
Isotonic
Isovolumetric
Single
166 із 200
A patient presents with lymphocytic-monocytic leukogram pattern. It is characteristic of:
Chronic inflammatory process
-
Acute inflammatory process
Allergies
Chronic radiation sickness
167 із 200
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of diphyllobothri- asis. What food products can be the cause of this condition?
Fish
Fruit and vegetables
Pork
Beef
Milk and eggs
168 із 200
During examination of a woman she was found to have a luminal narrowing of the right jugular foramen (foramen jugulare). What cranial bones form this foramen?
Temporal and occipital
Occipital and frontal
Temporal and cuneiform
Cuneiform and palatine
Occipital and cuneiform
169 із 200
What coenzyme of flavin-dependent dehydrogenases participates in the reactions of tricarboxylic acid cycle?
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)
Thymidine diphosphate (TDP)
Flavin mononucleotide (FMN)
Heme
170 із 200
A patient is diagnosed with inflammatory process in the area of the excretory duct of submandibular gland. This duct opens to:
Caruncula sublingualis
Recesus gingivalis
Linea terminalis
Foramen caecum linguae
Vestibulum oris
171 із 200
A patient suffering from arthritis is prescribed a COX2 selective inhibitor with antiinflammatory action. Specify this drug:
Celecoxib
Analgin (Metamizole)
Dimexid
Butadion (Phenylbutazone)
Indometacin
172 із 200
A patient has undergone recurri¬ng blood tests that revealed sharp fluctuations of glucose content: signi¬ficant increase in absorptive state and significant decrease in postabsorptive state. What pathology can be the cause of it?
Aglycogenosis (glycogenosis type 0)
Endemic goiter
Acromegaly
Diabetes mellitus type II
Diabetes mellitus type I
173 із 200
A person found oneself in an emoti¬onally straining situation. As the result the blood adrenaline level has risen, therefore increasing the strength of cardiac contractions. In what way does adrenaline increase the strength of cardi¬ac contractions?
Activates cardiac в-adrenergic receptors
Decreases excitability of pacemaker cells
Activates peripheral chemoreceptors
Activates vascular baroreceptors
Decreases tone of vagus nerves
174 із 200
During a brain surgery stimulation of the cerebral cortex resulted in tacti¬le and thermal sensations in the patient. What gyrus was stimulated?
Postcentral gyrus
Cingulate convolution
Superior temporal gyrus
Parahippocampal gyrus
Precentral gyrus
175 із 200
A patient suffering from malaria has developed hemolytic anemia after taking primaquine antimalarial drug. Hereditary insufficiency of the following enzyme in erythrocytes will be observed in this case:
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Phosphofructokinase
Triosephosphate isomerase
Lipase
Fructose 1-phosphate aldolase
176 із 200
Bacilli were extracted from the investigated sample. The bacilli are curved, extremely mobile, gram¬negative, form no spores or capsules, have anaerobic form of respiration. They form transparent smooth colonies in alkaline agar, ferment saccharose and mannose into acid, produce exotoxin, fibrinolysin, collagenase, and hyaluroni- dase. What agent was extracted?
Comma bacillus
Colibacillus
Dysentery bacillus
Proteus
Blue pus bacillus
177 із 200
A 30-year-old man with glomerulonephritis has developed nephrotic syndrome. What symptom invariably accompanies nephrotic syndrome?
Proteinuria
Anemia
Azotemia
Low urine specific gravity
Glucosuria
178 із 200
Ulcer disease of the duodenum has been detected in a 38-year-old man. A treatment was prescribed after which the patient considered himself to be healthy. However, half a year later the patient developed pain in the epigastri¬um, heartburn, and insomnia. The pati¬ent’s condition can be estimated as a:
Relapse
Pathological state
Latent period
Remission
Development of chronic disease
179 із 200
Autosomal nondisjunction had occurred in a woman during meiosis. An ovum with the third copy of the 18th chromosome was formed. The ovum was impregnated by normal spermatozoon. The resulting child will suffer from:
Edwards’ syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Turner’s syndrome
Patau’s syndrome
Down’s syndrome
180 із 200
Amino acids join to each other in ribosomes of granular endoplasmic reti¬culum. Knowing the sequence of ami¬no acids and applying genetic code, it is possible to determine the sequence of nucleoids in:
mRNA
Proteins
Introns
Carbohydrates
rRNA
181 із 200
A patient suffers from an inflammatory process in the area of the lower wall of orbital cavity. What anatomical structure makes it possible for the inflammatory process to spread to the pterygopalatine fossa?
Inferior orbital fissure
Supraorbital incisure
Posterior ethmoidal foramen
Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure
182 із 200
In 8 days after a surgery the patient developed tetanus. The surgeon suspects this condition to be caused by suture material contaminated by tetanus agent. The material is delivered to a bacteri¬ological laboratory. What nutrient medi¬um is required for primary inoculation of the suture material?
Kitt-Tarozzi medium
Endo agar
Hiss medium
Sabouraud agar
Egg-yolk salt agar
183 із 200
A patient is diagnosed with deformed posterior portion of the nasal septum. What bone is deformed?
Vomer
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Vertical plate of palatine bone
Medial pterygoid plate
Lateral pterygoid plate
184 із 200
A patient suffers from disturbed blood supply of superior lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres. What blood vessel is damaged?
Medial cerebral artery
Anterior communicating artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Posterior communicating artery
Posterior cerebral artery
185 із 200
A victim of an accident has hemorrhage in the area of lateral surface of the mastoid process. What branch of the external carotid artery supplies this area with blood?
A. auricularis posterior
A. facialis
A. pharyngea ascendens
А. temporalis superficialis
A. maxillaris
186 із 200
A 33-year-old man presents with disturbed pain and thermal sensitivity after a spinal cord trauma. The following ascending tract is injured:
Spinothalamic
Lateral corticospinal
Anterior corticospinal
Ventral spinocerebellar
Dorsal spinocerebellar
187 із 200
A patient is diagnosed with pancreatitis. Starch decomposition di¬sturbance occurs in the patient’s intesti¬ne due to deficiency of the following pancreatic enzyme:
Amylase
Chymotrypsin
Tripsin
Carboxypeptidase
Lipase
188 із 200
Histologic specimen of a tooth slice shows a tissue consisting of intercellular substance permeated with tubules, in which cellular processes of odontoblasts are situated. What tissue is presented in this histologic specimen?
Dentin
Pulp
Cement
Periodontium
Enamel
189 із 200
To test teeth sensitivity they are sprayed with cold or hot water. What structure of cerebral cortex provides subjective estimation of this thermal test?
Posterior central gyrus
Middle frontal gyrus
First temporal convolution
Central fissure
Precentral gyrus
190 із 200
During oral cavity examinati¬on a dentist noticed eruption of the permanent canines in a child. The child grows and develops normally. Determi¬ne the child’s age:
11-13 years
8-9 years
13-16 years
9-10 years
6-7 years
191 із 200
Autopsy of a 58-year-old man, who had been suffering from rheumatic heart disease and died of cardiopulmonary decompensation, revealed gray diffuse film- and fiber-shaped coating in his peri¬cardium. What type of inflammation is characteristic of this pericarditis?
Croupous fibrinous
Diphtheritic fibrinous
Hemorrhagic
Serous
Suppurative
192 із 200
During examination of the patient’s oral cavity a dentist noticed deformation of the teeth and a crescent indentation on the upper right inscisor. The teeth are undersized, barrel-shaped tooth cervix is wider than its edge. The patient uses a hearing aid, suffers from visual impai¬rment. What type of syphilis affects teeth in such a way?
Late congenital
Secondary
Early congenital
Primary
Neurosyphilis
193 із 200
Autopsy of a 45-year-old man revealed the following: wrinkled shagreen-resembling intima in the ascending aorta; elastic staining is negative. Wall of the left ventricle is up to 1,5 cm in width; no myocardial alterations. Specify the most probable disease of the aorta:
Aortic failure
Rheumatic vasculitis
Syphilitic mesaortitis
-
Atherosclerosis of the aorta
194 із 200
A patient has developed a pai¬nful sore with soft ragged edges in the oral cavity. Microscopically there is lymphocytic infiltration with epithelioid and giant multinucleate Langhans cells in the sore floor. What diagnosis is the most likely?
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
Gangrenous stomatitis
Ulcerative stomatitis (Vincent’s stomatitis)
Ulcer-cancer
195 із 200
Lateral X-ray of the occipital bone area demonstrates fracture of the occi¬pital condyle. Integrity of the following anatomical structure is disturbed:
Canalis nervi hypoglossi
Foramen mastoideum
Canalis caroticus
Foramen stylomastoideum
Foramen ovale
196 із 200
In the process of embryogenesis of dentomaxillary system there was an enamel disturbance detected. What source of tooth development is damaged in this case?
Oral cavity epithelium
Mesoderm
Dental saccule
Mesenchyme
Dental bulb
197 із 200
The autopsy of the body of a man, who suffered from toxic diphtheria and died on the 9th day from the onset of disease with signs of cardi¬ac decompensation, has revealed the following: dilated cardiac cavities, dull flaccid myocardium, myocardial secti¬on is variegated. Microscopy revealed fatty degeneration of cardiac hystiocytes, large foci of myocytolysis, stromal edema with scant lymphocytic and macrophageal infiltration. Specify the type of myocarditis in this case:
Alterative
Interstitial
Focal intermediate exudative
Granulomatous
Septic
198 із 200
A doctor has made a diagnosis of gi¬ngivitis and recommended the patient to rinse the oral cavity with an oxidizing agent. Specify this agent:
Hydrogen peroxide
Brilliant green
Salicylic acid
Phenol
Boric acid
199 із 200
In dental practice atropine sulfate is used to decrease salivation. This drug belongs to the following group:
Muscarinic antagonists
Ganglionic blockers
в-adrenoceptor antagonists
о-adrenergic agonists
Muscle relaxants
200 із 200
A patient has developed a grayish-white dense protruding focus on the oral mucosa. Histologycally there are hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, and acanthosis of epithelium with lymphocytic and plasmocytic infiltration of underlaying connective tissue in this area. What pathology has developed in the oral mucosa?
Leukoplakia
Leukoderma
Hyalinosis
Local tumor-like amyloidosis
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