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Heterozygous parents with А (II) and В (III) blood groups according to AB0 system gave birth to a child. What is the probability of the child having 0 (I) blood group?
0 %
100 %
75 %
50 %
25%
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During dehelmintization a patient expelled long fragments of a segmented helminth. In some segments their width exceeds their length; there is a rosette¬like uterus in the segment center. Name the helminth:
Diphylobotrium latum
Hymenolepis nana
Taeniarhynchus saginatus
Echinococcus
Taenia solium
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Carious cavities of a 29-year-old patient contain parasitic protozoa. It is established that they belong to the Sarcodina class. Specify these protozoa:
Lamblia intestinalis
Entamoeba histolutica
Amoeba proteus
Entamoeba coli
Entamoeba gingivalis
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According to the law of constancy of chromosome numbers, most ani¬mal species have definite and constant chromosome number. The mechani¬sm that maintains this constancy duri¬ng sexual reproduction of organisms is called:
Meiosis
Schizogony
-
Amitosis
Regeneration
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At a certain stage of human ontogenesis, physiological bond occurs between circulatory systems of the mother and the fetus. This function is being carried out by the following provi¬sory organ:
Serous tunic
Placenta
Yolk sac
Amnion
Allantois
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It is necessary to perform urinary bladder catheterization of an adult man. Resistance to the catheter can occur in the following structure or part of the urethra:
Membranous part
External urethral orifice
Prostatic part
Internal urethral orifice
Spongiose part
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A woman has come to a dentist wi¬th complaints of bruising and swelling around her eye. Anamnesis is as follows: several days prior her 1st premolar tooth had been extracted, with infraorbital anaesthesia administered; several days later hematoma appeared in the area of foramen intraorbitale. The branch of the following artery was damaged:
Superior labial artery
Superficial temporal artery
Facial artery
Masseteric artery
Maxillary artery
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A patient consulted a doctor about an increased pain sensitivity of the ear skin and ear canal. Palpation behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle was painful. Such clinical presentations are typical of the irritation of the following nerve:
N. transversus colli
Nn. supraclaviculares
N. occipitalis minor
N. vagus
N. auricularis magnus
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In a 12-year-old patient an inflammatory process in the internal ear spread to the meninges, diffusely affecti¬ng them. A doctor suspects the process to have spread through the connection between the subarachnoid space of the brain and perilymphatic space of the internal ear. What anatomic structure became the pathway for the spreading inflammation?
Hiatus canalis n. petrosi majoris
Fissura petrosquamosa
Hiatus canalis n. petrosi minoris
Aqueductus vestibuli
Fossa subarcuata
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A woman with essential hypertensi¬on has been hospitalized. The patient presents with aneurysm of a. communi- cans posterior of the cerebrum arterial circle. What vessels of arterial circle are normally joined with this artery?
A. cerebri media et a. cerebri posterior
A. carotis interna et a. cerebri posterior
A. carotis externa et a. cerebri anterior
A. carotis interna et a. cerebri media
A. cerebri anterior et a. cerebri media
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In the skin biopsy material in the epidermis there are cells with processes and cytoplasm that contains dark brown granules. Name these cells:
Keratinocytes
Lymphocytes
Merkel’s cells
Melanocytes
Intraepidermal macrophages
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Gastroscopy of a patient revealed the lack of mucus in the coating of the mucous membrane. This can be caused by the dysfunction of the following cells of gastric wall:
Parietal cells of gastric glands
Endocrinocytes
Cells of prismatic glandular epitheli¬um
Cervical cells
Main exocrinocytes
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Alcoholic intoxication is accompani¬ed by disturbed motor coordination and equilibrium due to the damage caused to structural elements of the cerebellum. Functional disturbance of the following cells occurs in the first place:
Fusiform cells
Pyriform cells
Stellate cells
Granule cells
Basket cells
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Histologic specimen demonstrates an oral cavity organ with mucosa covered with keratinized stratified squamous epi-thelium. Specify this organ or its part:
Soft palate
Uvula
Labial mucosa
Gum
Inferior surface of tongue
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During gastrulation an embryo proceeds from histiotrophic to hematotrophic nutrition. What provi¬sory organ makes it possible at first?
Yolk sac
Allantois
Chorion
Amnion
Trophoblast
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One of the coats of a hollow organ has anastomotic fibers with nuclei. The fibers consist of cells that form intercalated disks at the places of contact. What tissue forms this coat?
Unstriped muscle
Loose fibrous connective tissue
Cross-striated cardiac muscle
Cross-striated skeletal muscle
Dense irregular connective tissue
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A 30-year-old woman has decreased enzyme content in the pancreatic juice. This condition can be caused by insuffici-ent secretion of the following hormone:
Somatostatin
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide
Cholecystokinin-pancreozymin
Secretin
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Electric current has affected skeletal muscle fiber resulting in depolarisati¬on of the membrane. Depolarisation develops due to the following ions penetrating the membrane:
HCO3C. Ca2+
Na+
Cl¬E. K+
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Psychological evaluation determined that a person is able to quickly adapt to changing situation, has good memory, is emotionally stable, possesses of high working ability. This person is the most likely to be:
Choleric
Phlegmatic
Sanguine
Melancholic
Phlegmatic with melancholic traits
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An oculist has detected increased ti¬me of darkness adaptation of a patient’s eye. What vitamin deficiency can cause such symptom?
D
А
Е
К
С
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A patient suffers from diabetes melli- tus with fasting hyperglycemia over 7,2 mmol/l. What blood plasma protein would allow to assess the patient’s glycemia level retrospectively (4-8 weeks prior to examination)?
Glycated hemoglobin
Albumin
Fibrinogen
Ceruloplasmin
C -reactive protein
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A patient is in the state of hypoglycemic coma. What hormone can cause this condition if overdosed?
Insulin
Progesterone
Somatotropin
Cortisol
Corticotropin
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A 24-year-old patient has been admi¬nistered glutamic acid to treat epilepsy. Medicinal effect in this case occurs not due to glutamate itself, but due to the product of its decarboxylation:
Y-aminobutyric acid
Histamine 4-monooxygenase
Taurine
Dopamine
Serotonin
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Mucin aggregates retain water, whi¬ch results in their viscosity and protecti¬ve action. It is possible because mucin structure contains:
Homopolysaccharides
Glycosaminoglycans
Glucose
Disaccharides
Oligosaccharides
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Along with normal hemoglobin types there can be pathological ones in the body of an adult. Specify one of them:
HbO2
HbA1
HbF
HbA2
HbS
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Chronic overdosage of glucocorti¬coids leads to the development of hyperglycemia. What process of carbohydrate metabolism is responsible for this effect?
Aerobic glycolisis
Glycogenolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenesis
Pentose-phosphate cycle
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After anaesthetic application during tooth extraction the patient developed marked soft tissue edema of the upper and lower jaw, skin rash on the face, reddening, and itching. What pathologi¬cal process results in such reaction to the anaesthetic?
Inflammation
Toxic action of a drug
Circulatory deficiency
Allergy
Disturbed lymph drainage
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Due to morbid affection of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus a 40year-old pati¬ent has developed polyuria (10-12 liters per day) and polydipsia. The following hormone is deficient, thus leading to this disturbance:
Vasopressin
Somatotropin
Oxytocin
Corticotropin
Thyrotropin
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A patient with glossitis presents with disappearance of lingual papi¬llae, reddening and burning pain in the tongue. Blood test: erythrocytes - 2,2 • 1012/l, hemoglobin - і0з g/l, color index -1,4. What type of anemia is it?
B12 folate-deficient
a-thalassemia
Iron refractory
Iron deficiency
в-thalassemia
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A patient with chronic renal failure presents with reduced inulin clearance of 60 ml/min. The following renal function is disturbed:
Reabsorption in the proximal tubular segment of the nephron
Reabsorption in the distal tubular segment of the nephron
Glomerular filtration
Reabsorption in the tubules of collecti¬ng duct
Tubular secretion
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Histological investigation of an extracted tooth revealed presence of necrotic detritus with fatty acid crystals and numerous microbe colonies in the pulp chamber. What diagnosis is the most likely?
Serous pulpitis
Complicated chronic pulpitis
Chronic pulpitis
Purulent pulpitis
Pulp gangrene
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Autopsy of a man with tuberculosis has revealed a 3x2 cm large cavity in the superior lobe of the right lung. The cavity was interconnected with a bronchus, its wall was dense and consi¬sted of three layers: the internal layer was pyogenic, the middle layer was made of tuberculous granulation tissue and the external one was made of connective ti¬ssue. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Fibrous focal tuberculosis
Tuberculoma
Fibrous cavernous tuberculosis
Acute focal tuberculosis
Acute cavernous tuberculosis
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Histological investigation of renal bi¬opsy material taken from a patient wi¬th tuberculosis has revealed chaotically located chromatin granules in the focus of caseous necrosis. These changes are the result of:
Karyopyknosis
Karyorrhexis
Mitotic activity of nuclei
Karyolysis
Apoptosis
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During inspection of dental tools for sterility in one case gram-positive cocci were detected. They were situated in clusters and yielded positive plasma coagulation reaction; the cocci were fermenting mannitol in anaerobic condi¬tions and exhibiting lecithinase activity. What microorganism was detected?
St. epidermidis
Corinebacterium xerosis
Str. pyogenes
St. saprophiticus
Staph. aureus
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Analysis of sputum taken from a pati¬ent with suspected pneumonia revealed slightly elongated gram-positive di- plococci with tapered opposite ends. What microorganisms were revealed in the sputum?
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Microscopic examination of pus sample taken from mandibular fistula canal and stained by Gram’s method has revealed druses with gram-positive coloring in the center and cone-shaped structures with gram-negative coloring. Such morphology is characteristic of the agent of:
Staphylococcal osteomyelitis
Candidiasis
Fusobacteriosis
Anaerobic infection
Actinomycosis
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A puncture sample has been taken from the inguinal lymph nodes of a pati¬ent provisionally diagnosed with plague. The sample was inoculated into hard nutrient medium. What shape will the colonies have, if the diagnosis is confi¬rmed?
’’Mercury drops”
”Shagreen leather”
”Lion’s mane”
”Lace handkerchief”
”Dewdrops”
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To perform conduction anesthesia a patient had been administered a drug used in dental surgery. The patient developed the symptoms of poisoni¬ng: central nervous system excitation followed by paralysis and acute cardi¬ovascular insufficiency (collapse). Addi¬tionally there were allergic reactions (itching, swelling, erythema). Name this drug:
Pipecuronium bromide
Tubocurarin chloride
Thiopental sodium
Lidocaine
Suxamethonium chloride
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Enzymes and other active substances regulating connective tissue density and permeability are being produced in connective tissue cells. What enzyme drug is used to make the connecti¬ve tissue growths looser and more permeable?
Cocarboxylase
Amylase
Lipase
Lydase
Cholinesterase
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A schizophrenic patient has been prescribed aminazine. What pharmacodynamic action of this drug justifies its prescription in this case?
Hypothermic
Antipsychotic
Antiemetic
Muscle relaxant
Hypotensive
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A patient with maxillofacial joint arthritis has come to a dentist. The denti¬st prescribed an ointment with an anti-inflammatory agent that is a pyrazolone derivative. Name this agent:
Mefenamic acid
Indometacin
Diclofenac sodium
Ibuprofen
Butadion (Phenylbutazone)
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A 55-year-old man with acute heart failure has been administered a quick- relief cardiac glycoside. Which of the following drugs has been given to the patient?
Strophanthin
Digitoxin
Milrinone
Adonisidum
Celanid
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A patient suffering from ciliary arrhythmia with anamnesis of bronchi¬al asthma should be prescribed an anti¬arrhythmic drug. What antiarrhythmic drug is CONTRAINDICATED in this case?
Anaprilin (Propranolol)
Ajmaline
Nifedipine
Verapamil
Novocainamide (Procainamide)
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A 35-year-old woman is diagnosed with faucial diphtheria. The patient di¬ed with signs of acute heart failure. On autopsy: heart cavities are enlarged in the diameter, heart muscle is dull, flaccid, striped on section, with yellowish areas under the endocardium. What type of degeneration was detected in cardiac hystiocytes?
Carbohydrate
Hydropic
Hyaline droplet
Ballooning
Fatty
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A 67-year-old patient has ordered a full functional denture. It was necessary to extract his left upper canine. After infraorbital anaesthesia the patient presented with progressing hematoma in the frontal part of his face. The patient was found to have an injury of the artery that is the branch of:
A. labialis superior
A. facialis
A. temporalis superficialis
A. maxillaris
A. ophthalmica
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A woman, who had undergone mastectomy due to breast cancer, was prescribed a course of radiation therapy. What vitamin preparation has marked antiradiation effect due to its antioxidant activity?
Cyanocobalamin
Riboflavin
Tocopherol acetate
Ergocalciferol
Folic acid
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Often the cause of secondary immunodeficiency is an infectious affection of an organism, when agents reproduce directly in the cells of immune system and destroy them. Specify the di¬seases, during which the described above occurs:
Infectious mononucleosis, AIDS
Q fever, typhus
Tuberculosis, mycobacteriosis
Dysentery, cholera
Poliomyelitis, viral hepatitis type A
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Premature babies often develop respiratory distress syndrome. This pathology is caused by the deficiency of a certain component of the blood-air barrier. Name this component:
Surfactant
Alveolocytes
Alveolar basement membrane
Capillary endothelium
Endothelial basement membrane
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A forensic laboratory received clothes of a citizen, who a day before was reported missing. The clothes were found in a shed, there are red stai¬ns identified as blood by an expert. What reaction should be performed to determine whether these red stains are dried human blood?
Enzyme immunoassay
Agglutination
Complement binding
Flocculation
Circular precipitation
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A patient has a history of chronic heart failure. Which of the following hemodynamic parameters is a major symptom of cardiac decompensation development?
Tonogenic dilatation
Increased peripheral vascular resi¬stance
Tachycardia development
Decreased stroke volume
Increased central venous pressure
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A 45-year-old patient with essential hypertension, who has been taking an antihypertensive drug for 4 days, notes that his blood pressure is normalized; however the patient complains of sleepi¬ness and sluggishness. What drug is the patient taking?
Prazosin
Captopril
Enalapril
Apressin (Hydralazine)
Clophelin (Clonidine)
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Due to trauma the patient’s parathyroid glands have been removed, which resulted in inertness, thirst, sharp increase of neuromuscular excitability. Metabolism of the following substance is disturbed:
Calcium
Zinc
Molybdenum
Chlorine
Manganese
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A doctor has established signifi¬cant growth retardation, disproportional body build, and mental deficiency of a child. What is the most likely cause of this pathology?
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Genetic defects
Hypopituitarism
Insufficient nutrition
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To terminate hypertensive crisis the patient was administered solution of magnesium sulfate. What route of drug administration should be chosen?
Intravenous
Intra-arterial
Oral
Rectal
Duodenal
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A specimen presents an endocri¬ne system organ covered with capsule made of connective tissue. Septa branch off from the capsule inwards and divi¬de the organ into lobules. Each lobule consists of two cell types: neurosecretory pinealocytes (polygonal cells with processes) located in the center and gli¬acytes (astrocytes) located at the peri¬phery. What organ is represented in this specimen?
Adrenal medulla
Epiphysis
Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Thyroid gland
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After introdiction of adrenaline the patient’s blood glucose level increased. It is caused by intensified:
Glycolysis in the skeletal muscles
Glycogenolysis in the muscles
Glycolysis in the liver
Glycogenolysis in the liver
Glycogen synthesis
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A 20-year-old young man, who started to train systematically in athleti¬cs, has the following resting-state blood values: erythrocytes - 5,5 • 1012/l, reti¬culocytes - 12%, hemoglobin - 160 g/l, color index - 1,03. Such blood values indicate erythropoiesis stimulation due to the following occurring in the process of his training:
Hypercapnia
Physical activity
Hyperventilation
Hyperglycemia
Hypoxemia
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In the armpits of a patient there are small (1-1,5 mm), dorsoventrally flattened, wingless, blood-sucking insects. Their larvae have been developi¬ng in the armpits as well. What disease is caused by these insects?
Relapsing fever
Plague
Phthiriasis
Chagas’ disease
Sleeping sickness
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To treat peptic ulcer disease of the stomach a patient has been prescribed famotidine. Specify the mechanism of action of this drug:
Effect on cell membrane transport system
H2 histamine receptors block
Physicochemical interaction
Antienzyme action
Effect on ion channels of cell membranes
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A student, who unexpectedly met his girlfriend, developed an increase in systemic arterial pressure. This pressure change was caused by the intensified realization of the following reflexes:
Conditioned sympathetic and parasympathetic
Conditioned sympathetic
Conditioned parasympathetic
Unconditioned parasympathetic
Unconditioned sympathetic
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A connective tissue specimen stained with hematoxylin-eosin shows isogenous cell groups surrounded with basophi¬lic intercellular substance. No fibrous structures are detected. What type of connective tissue is it?
Splenial bone tissue
Dense fibrous tissue
Elastic cartilage tissue
Loose fibrous tissue
Hyaline cartilage tissue
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A 46-year-old patient consulted an oculist about drooping of the upper eyelid. On examination he was di¬agnosed with a brain tumor. The pathological process must have affected the nuclei of the following pair of cranial nerves:
IV
VII
II
III
VI
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A 36-year-old patient consulted an ophthalmologist about eye ache. The examination revealed erosion of the cornea, that is the lack of superficial and spinous layers of the epithelium. What cells will provide regeneration of the damaged epithelium?
Cells of stratum granulosum
Cells of stratum basale
Cells of stratum corneum
Cells of stratum superficiale
Cells of stratum lucidum
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A patient undergoing treatment with nitrofurans has imbibed a small amount of alcohol, which resulted in severe poi-soning. The poisoning developed due to:
Disturbed renal function
Neural disorder
Cardiovascular collapse
Allergic reaction
Accumulation of acetic aldehyde
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During development of a frostbite the exposed skin becomes pale and its temperature drops. What mechanism is the basis of these developments?
Decreased heart rate
Reflex vasoconstriction
Closure of arteriovenous anastomoses
Visceral vasoconstriction
Dermal and subcutaneous vasodi¬latation
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A patient during fasting developed ketoacidosis as a result of increased fatty acids decomposition. This decompositi¬on can be inhibited with:
Adrenaline
Glucagon
Insulin
Thyroxin
Cortisol
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Examination of a patient revealed glycosuria and hyperglycemia. He complains of dry mouth, itchy skin, frequent urination, thirst. He has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. What is the cause of polyuria in this patient?
Increased plasma oncotic pressure
Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
Increased urine osmotic pressure
Increased filtration pressure
Decreased cardiac output
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Due to overdosage of a vasodilator a 58-year-old patient has developed acute vascular insufficiency. What drug would be advisable for termination of this pathological condition?
Aethimizolum (Methylamide)
Cordiamin
Euphyllin (Aminophylline)
Mesaton (Phenylephrine)
Dopamine
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To treat chronic heart failure a patient takes digoxin. What diuretic can increase digoxin toxicity due to increased excretion of K + ions?
Panangin
Hydrochlorothiazide
Lisinopril
Spironolactone
Silibor
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A patient, who had been eating only polished rice, developed polyneuri¬tis caused by thiamine deficiency. What compound can be indicative of this kind of avitaminosis when excreted with uri¬ne?
Malate
Methylmalonic acid
Pyruvic acid
Phenylpyruvate
Uric acid
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A doctor examined a patient, studi¬ed the patient’s blood analyses and concluded that the peripheral organs of immunogenesis are damaged. What organs are the most likely to be affected?
Thymus
Kidneys
Yellow bone marrow
Red bone marrow
Tonsils
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In what organ biotransformation (metabolic transformation) of most medicinal agents occurs upon their introduction into an organism?
Intestine
Skin
Kidneys
Lungs
Liver
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Далі ›
A patient with diabetes mellitus has been delivered to a hospital unconsci¬ous. BP is low, Kussmaul’s respiration is observed, the smell of acetone can be detected from the patient’s mouth. What mechanism is leading in the coma development in this case?
Accumulation of potassium ions
Accumulation of sodium ions
Accumulation of urea
Accumulation of chlorine ions
Accumulation of ketone bodies in blood
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Далі ›
A patient has been diagnosed with bi¬cuspid valve insufficiency. Where is this valve located?
Between the right atrium and right ventricle
Between the left atrium and left ventricle
At the aortic orifice
Between the left and right atria
Between the left and right ventricles
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In the epicenter of the registered rabies cases among wild animals a 43- year-old man came to a clinic and clai¬med to have been bitten by a stray dog. He was given a course of anti-rabies vaccine. This preparation belongs to the following type of vaccines:
Molecular
Synthetic
Inactivated
Attenuated
Toxoids
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In Western Europe nearly half of all congenital malformations occur in the children conceived in the period when pesticides were used extensively in the region. These congenital conditions are the result of the following factor:
Mutagenic
Malignization
Mechanical
Carcinogenic
Teratogenic
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Gastrulation is the period of embryogenesis, when germinal layers are formed, resulting in three-layered structure of an embryo. What gastrulati- on mechanism is characteristic of a human embryo?
Delamination and immigration
Epiboly
Invagination
Delamination and epiboly
Immigration and invagination
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A 19-year-old young man has been examined in a nephrological hospi¬tal. Increased potassium content was detected in secondary urine of the pati¬ent. Such alterations are the most likely to be caused by the increased secretion of the following hormone:
Oxytocin
Testosterone
Glucagon
Adrenaline
Aldosterone
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Далі ›
A 12-year-old boy has tetanic convulsions. What gland can be functi¬onally impaired in this case?
Glandulae parathyroidae
Thymus
Glandula thyroidea
Glandula pinealis
Hypophisis
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Далі ›
A man came to a surgeon with complains of pain in his lower right abdomen. On deep palpation the doctor detected a painful area in the right ingui¬nal region. What part of the intestine is the most likely to be affected with pathological process?
Cecum
Descending colon
Transverse colon
Rectum
Sigmoid colon
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Далі ›
During investigation of skin epitheli¬um it was determed, that it consists of several cellular layers. Epithelial cells of the external layer have no nuclei. What type of epithelium is it?
Multirow ciliary epithelium
Multirow columnar epithelium
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Transitional epithelium
Keratinized stratified squamous epi¬thelium
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A histological specimen shows termi¬nal secretory parts of glands made of conic cells with basophilic cytoplasm and a roundish nucleus in the centre. Specify the type of terminal secretory parts by the type of secretion:
Combined
Sebaceous
Serous
Seromucous
Mucous
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Electron diffraction pattern of a spermatozoon clearly presents a sheath¬like structure localized in the spermi- ocalyptrotheca and participating in di¬ssolution of ovular membranes. Name this structure:
Centriole
Segmented columns
Axoneme
Microtubules
Acrosome
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Далі ›
A patient complains of toothache. On examination he has been di¬agnosed with pulpitis. Which factor played the main pathogenic role in the development of pain syndrome in this case?
Vasospasm
Activation of one of the complement system components
Interleukin action
Increased intratissular pressure in the dental pulp
Inadequate stimulation of the mandi¬bular nerve branch
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Далі ›
The patient’s saliva has been tested for antibacterial activity. What saliva component has antibacterial properties?
Cholesterol
Amylase
Lysozyme
Ceruloplasmin
Parotin
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Далі ›
A patient with a bleeding knife wound in the area of carotid triangle has been delivered to a hospital. Blood flowi¬ng from the wound is dark. What vessel is injured?
Facial artery
External jugular vein
Internal jugular vein
Internal carotid artery
Facial vein
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Далі ›
A patient with symptoms of acute heart failure, namely pallor, acrocyanosis, and rapid shallow breathi¬ng, has been delivered to an emergency department. Which of these drugs is indi¬cated in this case?
Nitroglycerine
Digitoxin
Corglycon
Cordiamine
Adrenalin hydrochloride
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Далі ›
A victim of an earthquake has been remaining under debris for 7 days wi¬thout food or water. What type of starvation is it?
Incomplete
Complete with continued hydration
Complete
Qualitative
Quantitative
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Micromanipulator was used to extract one of the two centrioles of centrosome (cell center) from hepatocyte (liver cell). What process will STOP OCCURRING in this cell?
Division
Lipid synthesis
Glycogen synthesis
Energy exchange
Protein biosynthesis
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Далі ›
During an experiment aimed as study of respiration regulation processes the peripheral chemoreceptors of test ani¬mals were stimulated, which resulted in changed respiratory rate and depth. Where are these receptors localized?
Aortic arch, carotid sinus
Capillary bed, aortic arch, carotid sinus
Capillary bed, aortic arch
Capillary bed, carotid sinus
Atria, carotid sinus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After an abortion a 25-year-old woman developed oliguria, anuria, and increasing azotemia. The patient di¬ed of acute renal failure. Autopsy revealed degeneration and necrosis of the convoluted renal tubules epithelium. What disease was the cause of death in this case?
Acute pyelonephritis
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Renal amyloidosis
Acute necrotizing nephrosis
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephri¬tis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A child with a foreign body in the lungs has been hospitalized. What bronchus is the most likely to contain this foreign body, if its diameter approxi¬mates to 1,5 cm?
Right primary bronchus
Left segmental bronchus
Right segmental bronchus
Left primary bronchus
Lobar bronchus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During examination of the oral cavity at the vestibular surface of the lower right incisor there was detected a rounded growth on the thin pedicle. Histologically: in the connective tissue there are numerous thin-walled sinusoi¬ds, hemorrhage areas, hemosiderin foci, and giant cells resembling osteoclasts. Make the diagnosis:
Giant cell epulis
Cavernous hemangioma
Granular cell ameloblastoma
Gingival fibromatosis
Angiomatous epulis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 35-year-old man has come to a dentist with complaints of decreased density of the dental tissue and increased brittleness of his teeth during consumpti¬on of hard food. Laboratory analysis measured Ca/P correlation in the enamel sample. What value of Ca/P indicates increased demineralization?
0,9
2, 5
1, 5
1, 85
1, 67
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During examination a dentist noti¬ced bowl-shaped defects on the frontal surface of the patient’s canines in the cervical area. Microscopically the pulp is covered with compacted dentin, sli¬ghtly atrophied and sclerosed. What pathological process occurs in the pati¬ent?
Deep caries
Median caries
Cuneiform defects
Stage of chalky white spots
Superficial caries
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient complains of frequent bowel movements and stool with blood admixtures (’’raspberry jelly” stool). Mi-croscopic examination revealed large mononuclear cells with absorbed red blood cells. What protozoon is this morphological structure typical of?
Giardia lamblia
Balantidium coli
Entamoeba histolytica
Campylobacter jejuni
Toxoplasma gondii
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During teeth examination on the lateral surface of the first upper molar there was detected a cone-shaped cari¬ous cavity with base oriented towards the tooth surface and apex - towards the tooth center. Softened dentin is visible at the floor of the carious cavity. Make the diagnosis:
Enamel caries
Cement caries
-
Tooth erosion
Dentin caries
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After restoration of maxllary inci¬sors with artificial crowns a 44-year-old woman was found to have a brownish growth in the form of a node 15 mm in di¬ameter. Histological study revealed that under the stratified squamous epitheli¬um of the gingiva there was a connecti¬ve tissue mass with numerous sinusoi¬dal vessels, oval-shaped mononuclear cells forming osteoid substance, and polynuclear giant cells that destroyed the alveolar ridge of the upper jaw. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Fibromatous epulis
Angiomatous epulis
Gingival fibromatosis
Eosinophilic granuloma
Giant cell epulis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman is diagnosed with fatty ti¬ssue inflammation located between the leaves of broad ligament of the uterus. Name this anatomical structure:
Endometrium
Perimetrium
Mesometrium
Myometrium
Parametrium
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Normal metabolic rate and energy expenditure should be taken into account when actual basal metabolic rate of a patient is being determied by means of indirect calorimetry. Normal metabolic rate can be determined most accurately based on the patient’s:
Height and respiratory coefficient
Body surface area and weight
Respiratory coefficient and body surface area
Sex, age, height and weight
Respiratory coefficient and caloric coefficient of oxygen
‹ Назад
Далі ›
On microscopic examination of leftovers of the canned meat eaten by a patient with severe food toxicoinfecti- on the following was detected: gram¬positive bacilli with subterminal staini¬ng defect and configuration alteration of bacilli generally resembling a tennis racket. What agent was detected?
S. aureus
A. botulinum
E. coli
S. enteritidis
P. vulgaris
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The patient’s examination in a hospital specialised in diseases of nervous system has revealed absence of light-induced miosis. It is caused by the damage of the following brain structures:
Vegetative nuclei of the 3rd pair of cranial nerves
Hypothalamus nuclei
Red nuclei of mesencephalon
Reticular nuclei of mesencephalon
Reticular nuclei of medulla oblongata
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A newborn boy has been diagnosed with hydrocephalus. Doctors consider it to be caused by teratogenic factors. What germ layers are affected by the teratogen?
Endoderm and mesoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm
All embryo germ layers
Endoderm
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient on the 2nd day after cardiac infarction presents with acute decrease of systolic blood pressure down to 60 mm Hg with tachycardia 140/min., dyspnea, loss of consciousness. What mechanism is essential in the pathogenesis of shock developed in this case?
Increased myocardial excitability caused by products of necrotic disi¬ntegration
Development of paroxysmal tachycardia
Development of anaphylactic reaction to myocardial proteins
Decreased circulating blood volume
Decreased cardiac output
‹ Назад
Далі ›
For biochemical diagnostics of cardiac infarction it is necessary to determine activity of a number of enzymes and their izoenzymes in the blood. What enzyme assay is considered to be optimal for confirming or ruling out cardiac infarction at the early stage, after the patient develops thoracic pain?
LDHi isoenzyme
LDH5 isoenzyme
Cytoplasmic isoenzyme of aspartate aminotransferase
Creatine kinase MM isoenzyme
Creatine kinase MB isoenzyme
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 56-year-old man presents wi¬ th parathyroid tumor. The followi¬ng is observed: muscle weakness, osteoporosis, bone deformation, nephroliths consisting of oxalates and phosphates. The patient’s condition is caused by:
Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone
Increased secretion of calcitonin
Decreased secretion of parathyroid hormone
Increased secretion of thyroxin
Decreased secretion of calcitriol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
There is increased activity of AST, LDH1, LDH2, and CPK in the patient’s blood. Pathological process most likely occurs in the:
Skeletal muscles
Kidneys
Liver
Heart
Adrenal glands
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffering from acute vascular purpura is prescribed a first- generation antihistamine with local anaesthetic, antispasmodic, and sedati¬ve action. Specify this drug:
Dithylin
Dimedrol (Diphenhydramine)
Dibazol (Bendazol)
Diazolin (Mebhydrolin)
Droperidol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with autoimmune thyroi¬ditis has been prescribed a peptide hormonal agent. Specify this agent:
Triquilar
Tamoxifen
Trimethoprim
Triamcinolone
L-thyroxin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 42-year-old woman, who has been keeping to a vegetarian diet for a long period of time, consulted a doctor. Examination revealed negative nitrogen balance in the patient. What factor is the most likely cause of such a condition?
Insufficient amount of proteins in the diet
Insufficient amount of fats in the diet
Excessive amount of fats in the diet
Decreased rate of metabolic processses
Insufficient amount of dietary fiber
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cytogenetic analysis allowed to determine the patient’s karyotype - 47, XY, +21/46, XY. Name this condition:
Phenocopy
Genocopy
Translocation
Deletion
Mosaicism
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient, who after a trauma suffers from impeded active flexion of elbow, consulted a traumatologist. What muscle is the most likely to be damaged?
M. pectoralis major
M. deltoideus
M. coracobrachialis
M. biceps brachii
M. latissimus dorsi
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In the patient’s feces there were eggs of Fasciola hepatica. The doctor, however, refrained from making di¬agnosis and insisted on a repeat of analysis, with beef liver excluded from the patient’s diet. What led the doctor to make such decision?
Possible phenomenon of transient eggs
Lack of trust towards the investigation method
Absent symptoms of invasion
Uncertainty regarding the analysis precision
Insufficient qualification of a laboratory assistant
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient presents with dysfunction of the cerebral cortex accompanied by epileptic seizures. He has been admini¬stered a biogenic amine synthetized from glutamate and responsible for central inhibition. What substance is it?
Serotonin
Dopamine
Histamine
у-aminobutyric acid
Acetylcholine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Red bone marrow has been damaged under radioactive emission of 5 Gy. What determines the red bone marrow sensitivity towards ionizing radi¬ation?
High content of peroxides in the cells
High content of free radicals in the cells
Destructive effect of radiotoxins on DNA synthesis
Intensive cell division
Radiosensitizers in the cells
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 40-year-old patient suffers from intolerance of dairy products. This condition has likely developed due to insufficiency of the following digestive enzyme:
Amylase
Maltase
Lactase
Invertase
Lipase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has been diagnosed wi¬th severe Si2-deficient anemia with hemopoiesis disturbance. Anamnesis states total gastrectomy. What cells allow to confirm this diagnosis, if they are absent in the peripheral blood?
Ovalocytes
Microcytes
Megalocytes
Anulocytes
Normocytes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
To prevent wound infection associ¬ated with surgical procedures a patient was given a synthetic antiprotozoan drug demonstrating high activity against Heli¬cobacter pylori. Specify this drug:
Acyclovir
Metronidazole
Chingamin
Isoniazid
Doxycycline hydrochloride
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A specimen of intestine demonstrates complex branching tubuloalveolar glands with their ends embedded in the submucous layer. What organ is it?
Ileum
Jejunum
Duodenum
Cecum
Colon
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After examining a patient a doctor recommended him to exclude rich meat and vegetable broths, spices, and smoked products from the diet, since the patient was found to have:
Reduced salivation
Reduced motility of the gastrointesti¬nal tract
Increased secretion of hydrochloric acid by the stomach glands
Reduced secretion of hydrochloric acid by the stomach glands
Biliary dyskinesia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Roentgenologically confirmed obstruction of common bile duct resulted in preventing bile from inflowi¬ng to the duodenum. What process is likely to be disturbed?
Fat emulgation
Hydrochloric acid secretion in stomach
Salivation inhibition
Carbohydrate hydrolysis
Protein absorption
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Typical signs of food poisoning caused by A. botulinum include diplopia, swallowing and respiration disorders. These signs develop due to:
Enterotoxic shock development
Adenylate cyclase activation
Enterotoxin action
Adhesion of the agent to enterocyte receptors
Exotoxin action
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient in a grave condition has been delivered to an admission ward. Examination revealed pupil mydriasis, no reaction to the light, considerable reddening and dryness of skin and mucous membranes. What drug could have caused the intoxication symptoms?
Proserin
Dithylinum
Pilocarpine hydrochloride
Atropine sulphate
Adrenalin hydrochloride
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient consulted a therapeuti¬st with complaints of pain in the chest, cough, fever. X-ray revealed eosinophi¬lic infiltrates in the lungs, further investi¬gation of which allowed to detect presence of larvae. What helminthiasis is it characteristic of?
Ascariasis
Echinococcosis
Fascioliasis
Cysticercosis
Trichiniasis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
As a result of an injury a child developed an abscess of adipose tissue of the cheek. With time the process spread to the lateral surface of the pharynx. Pus had spread along the following fascia:
Temporal
Bucco-pharyngeal
-
Masticatory
Parotid
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Brain investigation by means of nuclear magnetic resonance revealed the patient to have a hematoma in the genu of the internal capsule. What pathway is damaged in this case?
Tr. cortico-thalamicus
Tr. cortico-nuclearis
Tr. cortico-fronto-pontinus
Tr. cortico-spinalis
Tr. thalamo-corticalis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cytochemical investigation revealed high content of hydrolytic enzymes in the cytoplasm. This phenomenon indicates the activity of the following organelles:
Polysomes
Cell center
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A victim of a traffic accident has lost thoracic respiration but retaines di- aphragmal. The spinal cord is most likely to be damaged at:
VI-VII cervical segments
I-II lumbar segments
I-II cervical segments
I-II sacral segments
XI-XII cervical segments
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Preventative examination of a 55- year-old patient revealed type II di¬abetes mellitus. An endocrinologist detected an increase in body weight and liver enlargement. The man is a nonsmoker and does not abuse alcohol but likes to have a ’’hearty meal’.’ Hi¬stological examination by means of di-agnostic liver puncture revealed that the hepatocytes were enlarged mostly on the lobule periphery, their cytoplasm had transparent vacuoles that reacted positi¬vely with sudan III. What liver pathology was revealed?
Chronic viral hepatitis
Fatty hepatosis
Portal liver cirrhosis
Alcohol hepatitis
Acute viral hepatitis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
On microscopic examination of a surgical biopsy material (part of the lip with an ulcer) near the ulcer margins and under the ulcer floor in the connecti¬ve tissue of mucosa there are epithelial complexes composed of atypical stratifi¬ed epithelium with pathological mitotic figures. Within these complexes there are accumulations of bright pink concentric formations. What pathology is it?
Transitional cell carcinoma
Squamous cell nonkeratinous carci¬noma
Squamous cell keratinous carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Papilloma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During examination of a patient with a periodontal disease it would be advisable to investigate functional state of blood vessels of the dentomaxillary area. What method can be applied in this case?
Gnathodynamometry
Sphygmography
Electroodontodiagnostics
Chronaximetry
Rheography
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with displaced fracture of the right coronoid process of mandible has been delivered to a first-aid center. What muscle had displaced the coronoid process?
Right masticatory muscle
Left masticatory muscle
Right lateral pterygoid muscle
Right temporal muscle
Right medial pterygoid muscle
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with bronchial asthma has developed a bronchial spasm duri¬ng the visit to a dentist. Name the drug necessary to arrest the spasm:
Naphthizin
Mesaton (Phenylephrine)
Salbutamol
Anaprilin (Propranolol)
Bisoprolol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Microscopy of an oval cell, 150 micron in size, revealed the following: cytoplasm has yolk inclusions but no centrioles. Name this cell:
Myocyte
Macrophage
Oocyte
Leucocyte
Fibroblast
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A worker of a cattle farm consulted a surgeon about fever up to 40oC, headache, weakness. Objective exami¬nation of his back revealed hyperemia and a dark red infiltration up to 5 cm in diameter with black bottom in its center, which was surrounded with pustules. What disease are these presentations typical of?
Abscess
Furuncle
Anthrax
Tularemia
Plague
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The autopsy of a 37-year-old man has revealed the following: in the aorta on the smooth glossy ivory-colored inti- ma there are yellowish-gray spots' blendi¬ng with each other, which form stripes that do not protrude from the intima surface. Microscopy reveals swelling and destruction of elastic membranes, di¬ffuse impregnation of aortic wall with orange granules ( if stained with Sudan III), orange coloring of macrophage cytoplasm and nonstriated muscle elements. Specify this process:
Atherocalcinosis of the aorta
Imbibition of the aorta with cadmium salts
Atheromatosis of the aorta
Lipoidosis of the aorta
Liposclerosis of the aorta
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with acute bronchitis has been prescribed sulfanilamide drugs for treatment. In an hour after administrati¬on the patient developed itching and vesicles filled with light transparent li¬quid on the face, palms and soles. Name the mechanism of immune response:
Reaginic reaction
Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity
-
Antibody-mediated cytolysis
Cell cytotoxicity
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 47-year-old man consulted a dentist about difficult mouth opening (trismus). The patient has a history of a stab wound of the lower extremity. What infection can be manifested by these symptoms?
Brucellosis
Anaerobic wound infection
Whooping cough
Tularemia
Tetanus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 69-year-old patient developed a small plaque with subsequent ulceration on the skin of the lower eyelid. The formation was removed. Microscopic examination of dermis revealed complexes of atypical epitheli¬al cells arranged perpendicularly to the basal membrane on the periphery. The cells were dark, of polygonal prismatic shape, and had hyperchromic nuclei with frequent mitoses. What is the histologi¬cal form of carcinoma in this patient?
Adenocarcinoma
Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carci¬noma
Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Undifferentiated carcinoma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 68-year-old man, who had been suffering from essential hypertension for a long time, was delivered to a resusci-tation unit with hemiplegia. The patient died after 7 hours. On autopsy: in the right cerebral hemisphere there is a cavi¬ ty 5x5 cm in size with uneven margins, filled with dark red blood clots. What cerebral circulation disorder developed in the patient?
Hemorrhagic infiltration
Hematoma
Petechial hemorrhage
Thrombosis
Local venous hyperemia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
What factor results in the highest energy expenditure under the normal vi¬tal activity conditions?
Food rich in calories
Decrease of environment temperature
Mental work
Increase of environment temperature
Action of skeletal muscles
‹ Назад
Далі ›
To drain the oral cavity a dentist places a tampon between the cheek and the 2nd upper molar. This way secreti¬on of the following salivary gland WILL NOT be able to accumulate in the oral cavity:
Labial glands
Sublingual gland
Lingual gland
Submandibular gland
Parotid gland
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During thermal stimulation it is characteristic of oral cavity blood vessels to:
Dilate in response to both cold and hot stimuli
Respond with constriction to hot stimuli
Respond depending on the vessel functional condition
Respond with constriction to cold stimuli
Present no response towards thermal stimuli
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After the cerebral hemorrhage a patient developed aphasia - lost the abi¬lity to articulate words. The hemorrhage is localized in the:
Superior frontal gyrus
Middle frontal gyrus
First temporal convolution
Inferior frontal gyrus
Second temporal convolution
‹ Назад
Далі ›
To assess the rate of collagen di- sintegration during certain connective tissue disturbances, it is necessary to measure the urine content of the followi¬ng:
Proline
Ornithine
Urea
Lysine
Oxyproline
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Deaf parents with genotypes DDee and ddEE gave birth to a girl with normal hearing. Specify the form of D and E genes interaction:
Complementary interaction
Overdominance
Complete dominance
Epistasis
Polymery
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 33-year-old man has a cystic growth connected to the 2nd molar of the lower jaw. Within the cystic cavity there is a rudimentary tooth. On mi¬croscopy: inner cystic surface is covered with stratified squamous epithelium, there are groups of mucin-producing cells. What diagnosis is the most likely?
Radicular cyst
Periodontitis
Primordial cyst
Follicular ameloblastoma
Follicular cyst
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In the course of an experiment researchers stimulate a branch of the sympathetic nerve that innervates heart. What alterations of cardiac activity should be registered?
Increase in arterial pressure
Increase in heart rate
Increase in heart rate and heart force
Decrease in heart force
Increase in heart force
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with a nasal trauma presents with skull fracture that circles the piriform opening. What bone is damaged?
Ethmoid
Frontal
Lacrimal
Nasal
Maxillary
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During tooth brushing it is not uncommon for oral mucosa to be injured. However, bleeding quickly stops on its own. What substances in saliva qui¬ckly staunch the flow of blood during mi¬nor oral injuries?
Procoagulants
Lipolytic enzymes
Mineral substances
Amylolytic enzymes
Lysozyme and mucin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The autopsy of a 45-year-old man, who worked in organic acids producti¬on and died from uremia, has revealed reduced and completely destroyed crowns of the upper and lower incisors. Microscopy detects destruction of dentin and enamel, the pulp is covered with dense replacing dentin. What pathologi¬cal process occurred in the teeth in this case?
Cuneiform defects
Necrosis of the hard tooth tissues
Teeth erosion
Fluorosis
Hypercementosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During postmortem examinati¬on of a 9-month-old infant it was determined that the cause of death was cerebral edema. What water-electrolyte imbalance is the most likely cause of the edema development?
Hypoosmolar hyperhydration
Isoosmolar dehydration
Hyperosmolar dehydration
Isoosmolar hyperhydration
Hyperosmolar hyperhydration
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An accident had resulted in a 65-year-old man drowning in a lake. Resuscitation measures allowed to restore his respiration and cardiac functi¬on. What factor prolongs the period of apparent death?
Elderly age
Hypothermia
-
Hyperthermia
Prolonged preagony and agony
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An athlete (a long-distance runner) during competition has developed acute heart failure. This pathology developed due to:
Pressure overload
Coronary blood flow disturbance
Direct damage to myocardium
Pericardial pathology
Volume overload
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In postabsorptive state glycogen synthesis is increased in liver and muscles. The syntesis involves the following substance:
Uridine triphosphate (UTP)
Cytidine triphosphate (CTP)
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Thymidine triphosphate (TTP)
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 50-year-old man, who has been suffering for a long time from vi¬ral hepatitis, developed mental impai¬rments, impairments of consciousness, and motor disturbances (tremor, ataxia, etc.). What is the mechanism of such condition?
Insufficient phagocytic function of stellate macrophages
Decreased detoxification function of the liver
Alterations in the lipid composition of blood
Disturbed lipid exchange in the liver
Decreased synthesis of albumins and globulins in the liver
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 30-year-old man had suffered a thoracic trauma in a traffic accident, whi¬ch resulted in disturbance of external respiration. What ventilatory failure can be observed in this case?
Obstructive
Pulmonary restrictive
Dysregulatory
Extrapulmonary restrictive
Mixed type
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A girl is diagnosed with pri¬mary microcephaly that is a monogenic autosomal recessive disease. Her natural brother develops normally. What genotypes do the parents of these chi¬ldren have?
АА х АА
аа х аа
Аа х Аа
АА х аа
ААВВ х ААВВ
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient diagnosed with botulism has been prescribed antibotulinic serum for treatment. What immunity will be formed in the given patient?
Antimicrobic active immunity
Antitoxic passive immunity
Antitoxic active immunity
Antimicrobic passive immunity
Infection immunity
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An 84-year-old patient suffers from parkinsonism. One of the pathogenetic development elements of this disease is deficiency of a certain mediator in some of the brain structures. Name this medi¬ator:
Noradrenaline
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Histamine
Adrenaline
‹ Назад
Далі ›
High-altitude dwellers typically demonstrate chronically intensified respiration and decreased pCO2 value of blood. What mechanism is leading in the compensation of their asid-base imbalance?
-
Decreased pulmonary ventilation
Desreased renal reabsorption of bicarbonate
Increased ammonia excretion with urine
Increased pulmonary ventilation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has suffered a head injury. On examination there is a subcutaneous hematoma in the temporal area. What vessel was damaged, thus resulting in hematoma development?
А. temporalis superficialis
А. buccalis
А. occipitalis
А. maxillaris
А. auricularis posterior
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Due to severe pain syndrome a patient has been prescribed a narcotic analgesic. Specify the prescribed drug:
Dimexid
Indometacin
Analgin (Metamizole)
Nimesulid
Morphine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 50-year-old man came to a hospital with complaints of memory di¬sorders, painful sensations along the nerve trunks, decreased mental abili¬ty, circulatory disorders and dyspepsia. Anamnesis states excessive alcohol consumption. What vitamin deficiency can result in such symptoms?
Calciferol
Retinol
Thiamine
Riboflavin
Niacin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A young man has been performi¬ng physical exercises, holding a weight for a long time. What kind of muscle contraction is the most characteristic of these exercises?
Isovolumetric
Asynchronous
Isotonic
Single
Isometric
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient presents with lymphocytic-monocytic leukogram pattern. It is characteristic of:
Chronic radiation sickness
Acute inflammatory process
Chronic inflammatory process
Allergies
-
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of diphyllobothri- asis. What food products can be the cause of this condition?
Fish
Milk and eggs
Beef
Fruit and vegetables
Pork
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During examination of a woman she was found to have a luminal narrowing of the right jugular foramen (foramen jugulare). What cranial bones form this foramen?
Occipital and cuneiform
Temporal and cuneiform
Cuneiform and palatine
Temporal and occipital
Occipital and frontal
‹ Назад
Далі ›
What coenzyme of flavin-dependent dehydrogenases participates in the reactions of tricarboxylic acid cycle?
Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)
Thymidine diphosphate (TDP)
Heme
Flavin mononucleotide (FMN)
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient is diagnosed with inflammatory process in the area of the excretory duct of submandibular gland. This duct opens to:
Foramen caecum linguae
Caruncula sublingualis
Recesus gingivalis
Vestibulum oris
Linea terminalis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffering from arthritis is prescribed a COX2 selective inhibitor with antiinflammatory action. Specify this drug:
Indometacin
Celecoxib
Butadion (Phenylbutazone)
Analgin (Metamizole)
Dimexid
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has undergone recurri¬ng blood tests that revealed sharp fluctuations of glucose content: signi¬ficant increase in absorptive state and significant decrease in postabsorptive state. What pathology can be the cause of it?
Diabetes mellitus type I
Diabetes mellitus type II
Acromegaly
Aglycogenosis (glycogenosis type 0)
Endemic goiter
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A person found oneself in an emoti¬onally straining situation. As the result the blood adrenaline level has risen, therefore increasing the strength of cardiac contractions. In what way does adrenaline increase the strength of cardi¬ac contractions?
Activates vascular baroreceptors
Decreases tone of vagus nerves
Activates peripheral chemoreceptors
Decreases excitability of pacemaker cells
Activates cardiac в-adrenergic receptors
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During a brain surgery stimulation of the cerebral cortex resulted in tacti¬le and thermal sensations in the patient. What gyrus was stimulated?
Parahippocampal gyrus
Postcentral gyrus
Cingulate convolution
Superior temporal gyrus
Precentral gyrus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffering from malaria has developed hemolytic anemia after taking primaquine antimalarial drug. Hereditary insufficiency of the following enzyme in erythrocytes will be observed in this case:
Fructose 1-phosphate aldolase
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Phosphofructokinase
Triosephosphate isomerase
Lipase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Bacilli were extracted from the investigated sample. The bacilli are curved, extremely mobile, gram¬negative, form no spores or capsules, have anaerobic form of respiration. They form transparent smooth colonies in alkaline agar, ferment saccharose and mannose into acid, produce exotoxin, fibrinolysin, collagenase, and hyaluroni- dase. What agent was extracted?
Proteus
Blue pus bacillus
Colibacillus
Comma bacillus
Dysentery bacillus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 30-year-old man with glomerulonephritis has developed nephrotic syndrome. What symptom invariably accompanies nephrotic syndrome?
Anemia
Low urine specific gravity
Proteinuria
Azotemia
Glucosuria
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Ulcer disease of the duodenum has been detected in a 38-year-old man. A treatment was prescribed after which the patient considered himself to be healthy. However, half a year later the patient developed pain in the epigastri¬um, heartburn, and insomnia. The pati¬ent’s condition can be estimated as a:
Relapse
Pathological state
Remission
Development of chronic disease
Latent period
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Autosomal nondisjunction had occurred in a woman during meiosis. An ovum with the third copy of the 18th chromosome was formed. The ovum was impregnated by normal spermatozoon. The resulting child will suffer from:
Patau’s syndrome
Edwards’ syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Down’s syndrome
Turner’s syndrome
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Далі ›
Amino acids join to each other in ribosomes of granular endoplasmic reti¬culum. Knowing the sequence of ami¬no acids and applying genetic code, it is possible to determine the sequence of nucleoids in:
Carbohydrates
rRNA
Proteins
mRNA
Introns
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A patient suffers from an inflammatory process in the area of the lower wall of orbital cavity. What anatomical structure makes it possible for the inflammatory process to spread to the pterygopalatine fossa?
Superior orbital fissure
Supraorbital incisure
Optic canal
Inferior orbital fissure
Posterior ethmoidal foramen
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Далі ›
In 8 days after a surgery the patient developed tetanus. The surgeon suspects this condition to be caused by suture material contaminated by tetanus agent. The material is delivered to a bacteri¬ological laboratory. What nutrient medi¬um is required for primary inoculation of the suture material?
Kitt-Tarozzi medium
Egg-yolk salt agar
Endo agar
Hiss medium
Sabouraud agar
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Далі ›
A patient is diagnosed with deformed posterior portion of the nasal septum. What bone is deformed?
Vomer
Vertical plate of palatine bone
Medial pterygoid plate
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Lateral pterygoid plate
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Далі ›
A patient suffers from disturbed blood supply of superior lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres. What blood vessel is damaged?
Medial cerebral artery
Anterior communicating artery
Posterior cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Posterior communicating artery
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Далі ›
A victim of an accident has hemorrhage in the area of lateral surface of the mastoid process. What branch of the external carotid artery supplies this area with blood?
А. temporalis superficialis
A. maxillaris
A. pharyngea ascendens
A. facialis
A. auricularis posterior
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Далі ›
A 33-year-old man presents with disturbed pain and thermal sensitivity after a spinal cord trauma. The following ascending tract is injured:
Ventral spinocerebellar
Anterior corticospinal
Dorsal spinocerebellar
Lateral corticospinal
Spinothalamic
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Далі ›
A patient is diagnosed with pancreatitis. Starch decomposition di¬sturbance occurs in the patient’s intesti¬ne due to deficiency of the following pancreatic enzyme:
Lipase
Amylase
Chymotrypsin
Carboxypeptidase
Tripsin
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Далі ›
Histologic specimen of a tooth slice shows a tissue consisting of intercellular substance permeated with tubules, in which cellular processes of odontoblasts are situated. What tissue is presented in this histologic specimen?
Periodontium
Dentin
Cement
Pulp
Enamel
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To test teeth sensitivity they are sprayed with cold or hot water. What structure of cerebral cortex provides subjective estimation of this thermal test?
First temporal convolution
Middle frontal gyrus
Posterior central gyrus
Precentral gyrus
Central fissure
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During oral cavity examinati¬on a dentist noticed eruption of the permanent canines in a child. The child grows and develops normally. Determi¬ne the child’s age:
8-9 years
9-10 years
6-7 years
13-16 years
11-13 years
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Autopsy of a 58-year-old man, who had been suffering from rheumatic heart disease and died of cardiopulmonary decompensation, revealed gray diffuse film- and fiber-shaped coating in his peri¬cardium. What type of inflammation is characteristic of this pericarditis?
Suppurative
Diphtheritic fibrinous
Croupous fibrinous
Serous
Hemorrhagic
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During examination of the patient’s oral cavity a dentist noticed deformation of the teeth and a crescent indentation on the upper right inscisor. The teeth are undersized, barrel-shaped tooth cervix is wider than its edge. The patient uses a hearing aid, suffers from visual impai¬rment. What type of syphilis affects teeth in such a way?
Neurosyphilis
Early congenital
Primary
Late congenital
Secondary
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Autopsy of a 45-year-old man revealed the following: wrinkled shagreen-resembling intima in the ascending aorta; elastic staining is negative. Wall of the left ventricle is up to 1,5 cm in width; no myocardial alterations. Specify the most probable disease of the aorta:
Syphilitic mesaortitis
Atherosclerosis of the aorta
Aortic failure
-
Rheumatic vasculitis
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Далі ›
A patient has developed a pai¬nful sore with soft ragged edges in the oral cavity. Microscopically there is lymphocytic infiltration with epithelioid and giant multinucleate Langhans cells in the sore floor. What diagnosis is the most likely?
Ulcer-cancer
Gangrenous stomatitis
Ulcerative stomatitis (Vincent’s stomatitis)
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
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Далі ›
Lateral X-ray of the occipital bone area demonstrates fracture of the occi¬pital condyle. Integrity of the following anatomical structure is disturbed:
Canalis nervi hypoglossi
Foramen stylomastoideum
Foramen ovale
Canalis caroticus
Foramen mastoideum
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Далі ›
In the process of embryogenesis of dentomaxillary system there was an enamel disturbance detected. What source of tooth development is damaged in this case?
Dental bulb
Oral cavity epithelium
Mesoderm
Mesenchyme
Dental saccule
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Далі ›
The autopsy of the body of a man, who suffered from toxic diphtheria and died on the 9th day from the onset of disease with signs of cardi¬ac decompensation, has revealed the following: dilated cardiac cavities, dull flaccid myocardium, myocardial secti¬on is variegated. Microscopy revealed fatty degeneration of cardiac hystiocytes, large foci of myocytolysis, stromal edema with scant lymphocytic and macrophageal infiltration. Specify the type of myocarditis in this case:
Granulomatous
Interstitial
Focal intermediate exudative
Alterative
Septic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A doctor has made a diagnosis of gi¬ngivitis and recommended the patient to rinse the oral cavity with an oxidizing agent. Specify this agent:
Phenol
Brilliant green
Boric acid
Salicylic acid
Hydrogen peroxide
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Далі ›
In dental practice atropine sulfate is used to decrease salivation. This drug belongs to the following group:
о-adrenergic agonists
Muscle relaxants
Muscarinic antagonists
Ganglionic blockers
в-adrenoceptor antagonists
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Далі ›
A patient has developed a grayish-white dense protruding focus on the oral mucosa. Histologycally there are hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, and acanthosis of epithelium with lymphocytic and plasmocytic infiltration of underlaying connective tissue in this area. What pathology has developed in the oral mucosa?
-
Local tumor-like amyloidosis
Leukoderma
Leukoplakia
Hyalinosis
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