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Step 1 - Medicine 2016
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2 із 200
Characteristic sign of glycogenosis is muscle pain during physical work. Blood examination usually reveals hypoglycemia. This pathology is caused by congenital deficiency of the following enzyme:
Glycogen phosphorylase
Lysosomal glycosidase
7- amylase
a-amylase
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
3 із 200
Histologic specimen of a kidney demonstrates cells closely adjoined to the renal corpuscle in the distal convoluted tubule. Tbeir basement membrane is extremely thin and has no folds. These cells sense the changes in sodium content of urine and influence renin secretion occurring in juxtaglomerular cells. Name these cells:
Macula densa cells
Mesangial cells
Juxtaglomerular cells
Podocytes
Glomerular capillary endothelial cells
4 із 200
Bacteriological analysis of tap water has resulted in the following: total bacterial count in 1,0 ml of water is 80, coli index is 3. What would be the conclusion?
The water is safe for consumption
The water is extremely polluted
The water is polluted
The water quality is extremely doubtful
The water quality is doubtful
5 із 200
The process of metabolism in the human body produces active forms of oxygen, including superoxide anion radical O2. This anion is inactivated by the following enzyme:
Superoxide dismutase
Peroxidase
Catalase
Glutathione peroxidase
Glutathione reductase
6 із 200
What kind of muscle contraction occurs in an upper limb during an attempt to lift a load beyond one’s strength?
Isometric
Auxotonic
Single
Phasic
Isotonic
7 із 200
A patient suffers from high fever, apnoea, pain in the thorax on the right. Pleurocentesis yielded 700 ml of yellow-green viscous liquid. Make the diagnosis:
Pleural empyema
Bronchial pneumonia
Serous pleurisy
Pleural carcinomatosis
Hemorrhagic pleurisy
8 із 200
A patient suffers from disrupted patency of the airways at the level of small and medium-sized bronchial tubes. What changes of acid-base balance can occur in the patient?
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Acid-base balance remains unchanged
Respiratory alkalosis
9 із 200
Upon toxic damage of hepatic cells resulting in disruption of liver function the patient developed edemas. What changes of blood plasma are the main cause of edema development?
Decrease of albumin content
Increase of globulin conten
Decrease of globulin conten
Decrease of fibrinogen conten
Increase of albumin conten
10 із 200
A 6-year-old child with suspected active tuberculous process has undergone diagnostic Mantoux test. What immunobi-ological preparation was injected?
Tuberculin
Tularinum
BCG vaccine
Td vaccine
DTP vaccine
11 із 200
A 15-year-old boy has been diagnosed with acute viral hepatitis. What blood value should be determined to confirm acute affection of hepatic cells?
Aminotransferase activity (AST, ALT)
Erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR)
Unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin content
Cholesterol content
Protein fraction content
12 із 200
A 53-year-old man is diagnosed with Paget’s disease. Concentration of oxyproli-ne in daily urine is sharply increased, which primarily means intensified disintegration of:
Collagen
Albumin
Hemoglobin
Keratin
Fibrinogen
13 із 200
When taking exams students often have dry mouth. The mechanism that causes this state results from the following reflexes:
Conditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned parasympathetic
Conditioned parasympathetic
Unconditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned peripheral
14 із 200
A patient has hoarseness of voice. During laryngoscopy a gray-white larynx tumor with papillary surface has been detected. Microscopic investigation has shown the following: growth of connective tissue covered with multilayer, strongly keratinized pavement epithelium, no cellular atypia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Papilloma
Angiofibroma
Fibroma
Angioma
Polyp
15 із 200
During autopsy approximately 2,0 liters of pus have been found in the abdominal cavity of the body. Peritoneum is dull and of grayish shade, serous tunic of intestines has grayish-colored coating that is easily removable. Specify the most likely type of peritonitis in the patient:
Fibrinopurulent peritonitis
-
Tuberculous peritonitis
Hemorrhagic peritonitis
Serous peritonitis
16 із 200
Autopsy of a body revealed bone marrow hyperplasia of tubular and flat bones (pyoid marrow), splenomegaly (6 kg) and hepatomegaly (5 kg), enlargement of all lymph node groups. What disease are the identified changes typical of?
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Hodgkin’s disease
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Polycythemia vera
Multiple myeloma
17 із 200
A bacteriological laboratory has been investigating a sample of homemade dried fish that was the cause of severe food poisoning. Microscopy of the culture inoculated in Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealed microorganisms resembling a tennis racket. What diagnosis can be made?
Botulism
Cholera
Typhoid fever
Dysentery
Salmonellosis
18 із 200
An infant has been diagnosed with microcephaly. Doctors suspect that this brain disorder developed due to the fact that the mother had been taking actinomycin D during her pregnancy. What germinal layers have been affected by this teratogen?
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
All germinal layers
Entoderm
Entoderm and mesoderm
19 із 200
A patient demonstrates sharp decrease of pulmonary surfactant activity. This condition can result in:
Alveolar tendency to recede
Decresed work of expiratory muscles
Hyperoxemia
Increased pulmonary ventilation
Decreased airways resistance
20 із 200
A patient is diagnosed with diabetic coma. Blood sugar is 18,44 mmol/1. What glucoseregulating drug should be prescribed in the given case?
Rapid-acting insulin
Intermediate-acting insulin
Biguanide
Long-acting insulin
Sulfonylurea derivative
21 із 200
Initial inoculation of water in 1% peptone water resulted in growth of a thin film on the medium surface in 6 hours. Such cultural properties are characteristic of causative agent of the following disesase:
Cholera
Pseudotuberculosis
Plague
Tuberculosis
Dysentery
22 із 200
An infant born prematurely 2 days ago presents with yellow coloring of skin and mucosa. Such a condition in the infant is caused by temporary deficiency of the following enzyme:
UDP-glucuronyl transferase
Heme oxygenase
Heme synthetase
Aminolevulinate synthase
Biliverdine reductase
23 із 200
It has been determined that one of a pesticide components is sodium arsenate that blocks lipoic acid. Enzyme activity can be impaired by this pesticide. Name this enzyme:
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Glutathione reductase
Methemoglobin reductase
Microsomal oxidation
Glutathione peroxidase
24 із 200
A 50-year-old woman diagnosed with cardiac infarction has been delivered into an intensive care ward. What enzyme will be the most active during the first two days?
Aspartate aminotransferase
LDH5
Alanine aminotransferase
Alanine aminopeptidase
LDHi
25 із 200
Stool culture test of a 6-month-old bottlefed baby revealed a strain of intestinal rod-shaped bacteria of antigen structure 0-111. What diagnosis can be made?
Colienteritis
Dysentery-like disease
Choleriform disease
Gastroenteritis
Food poisoning
26 із 200
Parents of a sick 5-year-old girl visited a genetic consultation. Karyotype investigation revealed 46 chromosomes. One chromosome of the 15th pair was abnormally long, having a part of the chromosome belonging to the 21st pair attached to it. What mutation occurred in this girl?
Translocation
Deletion
Duplication
Inversion
Deficiency
27 із 200
A patient consulted a doctor with complaints of dyspnea occurring after physical exertion. Physical examination revealed anemia, paraprotein was detected among gamma globulins. What value should be determined in the patient’s urine to confirm the diagnosis of myeloma?
Bence Jones protein
Antitrypsin
Bilirubin
Ceruloplasmin
Hemoglobin
28 із 200
A patient complaining of dizziness, thirst, difficult swallowing, and impaired vision of close objects has addressed a doctor. Objectively: respiratory rate is increased, pupils are dilated, general agitation, talkativeness, though the speech is indistinct. BP is 110/70 mm Hg, heart rate is 110/min. Given symptoms can indicate overdosage of the following drug:
Atropine
Morphine
Ephedrine
Caffeine
Aminazine
29 із 200
A dry-cleaner’s worker has been found to have hepatic steatosis. This pathology can be caused by disruption of synthesis of the following substance:
Phosphatidylcholine
Tristearin
Urea
Cholic acid
Phosphatidic acid
30 із 200
A 35-year-old man with peptic ulcer disease has undergone antrectomy. After the surgery secretion of the following gastrointestinal hormone will be disrupted the most:
Gastrin
Secretin
Histamine
Cholecystokinin
Neurotensin
31 із 200
A 16-year-old adolescent is diagnosed with hereditary UDP (uridine diphosphate) glucuronyltransferase deficiency. Laboratory tests revealed hyperbilirubinemia caused mostly by increased blood content of the following substance:
Unconjugated bilirubin
Urobilinogen
Biliverdine
Conjugated bilirubin
Stercobilinogen
32 із 200
A 60-year-old patient with a long history of atherosclerosis and a previous myocardial infarction developed an attack of retrosternal pain. 3 days later the patient was hospitalized and then died of progressive cardiovascular insufficiency. During autopsy a white fibrous depressed area about 3 cm in diameter with clear margi- ns was found within the area of posterior wall of the left ventricle and interventricular septum. The dissector considered these changes to be:
Focal cardiosclerosis
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial degeneration
Myocarditis
Myocardial ischemia
33 із 200
A patient with hypertension has developed headache, tinnitus, vomiting, high BP up to 220/160 mm Hg. On examination: facial asymmetry on the right, volitional mobility is absent, increased tendon reflexes and muscle tone of extremities on the right. What motor disorder of nervous system occurred in this case?
Hemiplegia
Hyperkinesis
Paraplegia
Monoplegia
Tetraplegia
34 із 200
A 7-year-old child in the state of allergic shock caused by a bee sting has been delivered into an emergency ward. High concentration of histamine was observed in blood. Production of this amine was the result of the following reaction:
Decarboxylation
Deaminization
Reduction
Hydroxylation
Dehydrogenation
35 із 200
A 26-year-old woman consulted a doctor about having stool with white flat moving organisms resembling noodles. Laboratory analysis revealed proglottids with the following characteristics: long, narrow, with a longitudinal channel of the uterus with 17-35 lateral branches on each side. What kind of intestinal parasite was found?
Taeniarhynchus saginatus
Diphyllobothrium latum
Taenia solium
Echinococcus granulosus
Hymenolepis папа
36 із 200
A man is 28 years old. Histological investigation of the cervical lymph node revealed a change of its pattern due to proliferation of epithelioid, lymphoid cells and macrophages with horseshoe-shaped nuclei. In the center of some cell clusters there were non-structured lightpink areas with fragments of nuclei. What disease are these changes typical of?
Tuberculosis
Actinomycosis
Hodgkin’s disease
Tumor metastasis
Syphilis
37 із 200
Sex chromatin was detected during examination of a man’s buccal epithelium. It is characteristic of the following chromosome disease:
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Hypophosphatemic rickets
Turner’s syndrome
Triple X syndrome
Down’s disease
38 із 200
A patient, having suffered a thermal burn, developed painful boils filled with turbid liquid in the skin. What morphological type of inflammation has developed in the patient?
Serous
Granulomatous
Proliferative
Croupous
Diphtheritic
39 із 200
Autopsy of a man with tuberculosis revealed a 3x2 cm large cavity in the superior lobe of the right lung. The cavity was interconnected with a bronchus, its wall was dense and consisted of three layers: the internal layer was pyogenic, the middle layer was made of tuberculous granulation tissue and the external one was made of connective tissue. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Fibrous cavernous tuberculosis
Acute cavernous tuberculosis
Tuberculoma
Acute focal tuberculosis
Fibrous focal tuberculosis
40 із 200
A 7-year-old child has acute onset of disease: temperature rise up to 38°C, rhinitis, cough, lacrimation, and large-spot rash on the skin. Pharyngeal mucosa is edematous, hyperemic, with whitish spots' in the buccal area. What kind of inflammation caused the changes in the buccal mucosa?
Catarrhal inflammation
Serous inflammation
Fibrinous inflammation
Hemorrhagic inflammation
Suppurative inflammation
41 із 200
After a traffic accident a 36-year-old patient has developed muscle paralysis of the extremitis on the right, lost pain and thermal sensitivity on the left, and partially lost tactile sensitivity on both sides. What part of the brain is the most likely to be damaged?
Right-hand side of the spinal cord
Motor cortex on the left
Left-hand side of the spinal cord
Anterior horn of the spinal cord
Posterior horn of the spinal cord
42 із 200
A 4-year-old child has been admitted to an orthopaedic department with displaced shin fracture. Bone fragments reposition requires analgesia. What drug should be chosen?
Promedol
Panadol
Analgin
-
Morphine hydrochloride
43 із 200
While examining foot blood supply a doctor checks the pulsation of a large artery running in the separate fibrous channel in front of articulatio talocruralis between the tendons of long extensor muscles of hallux and toes. What artery is it?
A. dorsalis pedis
A. tibialis anterior
A. tarsea medialis
A. fibularis
A. tarsea lateralis
44 із 200
Representatives of a certain human population can be characterized by elongated body, height variability, decreased volume of muscle mass, increased length of limbs, decreased size and volume of rib cage, increased perspiration, decreased indices of base metabolism and fat synthesis. What type of adaptive evolution is it?
Tropical
Arctic
Mountain
Intermediate
Moderate
45 із 200
A 59-year-old woman has been hospiali- zed in a surgical ward due to exacerbation of chronic osteomyelitis of the left shin. Blood test: leukocytes - 15,0- 109/1. Leukogram: myelocytes - 0%, metamyelocytes - 8%, stab neutrophils - 28%, segmented neutrophils - 32%, lymphocytes 29 %, monocytes - 3%. Such blood count would be called :
Regenerative left shift
Hyperregenerative left shift
Regenerative-degenerative left shift
Degenerative left shift
Right shift
46 із 200
A 41-year-old man has a history of recurrent attacks of heartbeats (paroxysms), profuse sweating, headaches. Examination revealed hypertension, hyperglycemia, increased basal metabolic rate, and tachycardia. These clinical presentations are typical of the following adrenal pathology:
Hyperfunction of the medulla
Primary aldosteronism
Hypofunction of the medulla
Hypofunction of the adrenal cortex
Hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex
47 із 200
During autopsy of a man, who died of acute transmural cardiac infarction, the following has been detected on the pericardium surface: fibrous whitish-brown deposit connecting parietal and visceral pericardial layers. What kind of inflammation occurred in the pericardium?
Croupous
Granulomatous
Suppurative
Diphtheritic
Serous
48 із 200
A 12-year-old child developed nephritic syndrome (proteinuria, hematuria, cyli-ndruria) 2 weeks after a case of tonsillitis, which is a sign of affected glomerular basement membrane in the kidneys. What mechanism is the most likely to cause the basement membrane damage?
Immune complex
Cytotoxic
Antibody-mediated
Reaginic
Granulomatous
49 із 200
A man arrived into a traumatological department with a trauma of the right shoulder. Examination revealed a displaced humeral shaft fracture on the right in the middle one-third of the humerus; the patient cannot extend the fingers of his right hand. What nerve is damaged?
Radial
Musculocutaneous
Axillary
Median
Ulnar
50 із 200
Work in a mine is known to cause inhalation of large amounts of coal dust. Inhaled coal dust can be detected in the following pulmonary cells:
Alveolar macrophages
Secretory epithelial cells
Respiratory epithelial cells
Pericapillary cells
Capillary endothelial cells
51 із 200
What drug will be the most appropriate for a patient suffering from chronic gastritis with increased secretion?
Pirenzepine
Pepsin
Pancreatine
Chlorphentermine
Aprotinin
52 із 200
A 63-year-old man, who has been suffering from chronic fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis for 24 years, has been delivered to a nephrology department with uremia. Intravital diagnostic test for amyloid in the kidneys was positive. What amyloidosis is it in this case?
Secondary systemic
Hereditary (genetic)
Senile
Primary systemic
Localized (focal)
53 із 200
Cells of a healthy liver actively synthesize glycogen and proteins. What organelles are the most developed in them?
Granular and agranular endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Cell center
Peroxisomes
54 із 200
Immune-enzyme assay has detected HBs antigen in blood serum. What disease is it characteristic of?
Viral hepatitis type B
Viral hepatitis type A
AIDS
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
55 із 200
A patient has been diagnosed with gonorrhea. As fluoroquinolones are the drugs of choce for treatment of gonorrhea the patient should be prescribed:
Ciprofloxacin
Cefazolin
Fluorouracil
Sulfacarbamide (Urosulfanum)
Furazolidone
56 із 200
Autopsy of a Middle-Eastern woman, who had been suffering from wasting fever for a long time, revealed enlarged blackened liver and spleen. Bone marrow was hyperplastic and blackcolored as well. Cerebral cortex was smoky grey. What disease is it characteristic of?
Malaria
AIDS
Sepsis
Epidemic typhus
Hepatitis
57 із 200
Human red blood cells contain no mitochondria. What is the main pathway for ATP production in these cells?
Anaerobic glycolysis
Creatine kinase reaction
Cyclase reaction
Aerobic glycolysis
Oxidative phosphorylation
58 із 200
Atria of an experimental animal were superdistended with blood, which resulted in decreased reabsorption of Na+ and water in renal tubules. This can be explained by the influence of the following factor on kidneys:
Natriuretic hormone
Renin
Angiotensin
Vasopressin
Aldosterone
59 із 200
A woman gave birth to a stillborn baby with numerous malformations. What protozoan disease could cause intrauterine death?
Toxoplasmosis
Amebiasis
Lambliasis
Malaria
Leishmaniasis
60 із 200
A 42-year-old patient complains of pain in the epigastral area, vomiting; vomit masses have the color of coffee-grounds; the patient suffers from melena. Anamnesis records gastric ulcer disease. Blood formula: erythrocytes - 2,8 • 1012/l, leukocytes -8 • 109/l, Hb- 90 g/l. What complication is it?
Hemorrhage
Pyloric stenosis
Perforation
Canceration
Penetration
61 із 200
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of virus B hepatitis. Serological reaction based on complementation of antigen with antibody chemically bound to peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase was used for disease diagnostics. What is the name of the applied serological reaction?
Immune-enzyme analysis
Immunofluorescence test
Bordet-Gengou test
Antigen-binding assay
Radioimmunoassay
62 із 200
A patient with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus has been administered insulin. After a certain period of time the patient developed fatigue, irritability, excessive sweating. What is the main mechanism of such presentations developing?
Carbohydrate starvation of the brain
Increased glycogenolysis
Decreased glyconeogenesis
Increased ketogenesis
Increased lipogenesis
63 із 200
Examination of a 52-year-old woman has revealed a decrease in the amount of red blood cells and an increase in free hemoglobin in the blood plasma (hemoglobinemia). Color index is 0,85. What type of anemia is being observed in the patient?
Acquired hemolytic
Acute hemorrhagic
Hereditary hemolytic
Chronic hemorrhagic
Anemia due to diminished erythropoiesis
64 із 200
Poisoning caused by mercury (II) chloride (corrosive sublimate) occurred in the result of safety rules violation. In 2 days the patient’s diurnal diuresis was 620 ml. The patient developed headache, vomiting, convulsions, dyspnea; moist crackles were observed in the lungs. Name this pathology:
Acute renal failure
Uremic coma
Chronic renal failure
Pyelonephritis
Glomerulonephritis
65 із 200
For people adapted to high external temperatures profuse sweating is not accompanied by loss of large volumes of sodium chloride. This is caused by the effect the following hormone has on perspiratory glands:
Aldosterone
Vasopressin
Natriuretic
Tgyroxin
Cortisol
66 із 200
The processes of heat transfer in a naked person at room temperature have been studied. It was revealed that under these conditions the greatest amount of heat is transferred by:
Heat radiation
Evaporation
-
Convection
Heat conduction
67 із 200
Due to destruction of certain structures of the brainstem an animal has lost its orientation reflexes in response to strong light stimuli. What structures were destroyed?
Anterior quadrigeminal bodies
Posterior quadrigeminal bodies
Red nuclei
Vestibular nuclei
Substantia nigra
68 із 200
Urine analysis has shown high levels of protein and erythrocytes in urine. This can be caused by the following:
Renal filter permeability
Oncotic pressure of blood plasma
Effective filter pressure
Hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries
Hydrostatic primary urine pressure in capsule
69 із 200
Along with normal hemoglobin types there can be pathological ones in the organism of an adult. Name one of them:
HbS
Hb02
HbA2
HbA1
HbF
70 із 200
Development of both immune and allergic reactions is based upon the same mechanisms of immune system response to an antigen. What is the main difference between immune and allergic reactions?
Development of tissue lesion
Routes by which antigens are delivered into the body
Antigen structure
Amount of released antigen
Hereditary predisposition
71 із 200
Histologic preparation stained with orcein demonstrates from 40 to 60 fenestrated elastic membranes within the middle coat of vessel. Name this vessel:
Elastic artery
Mixed type artery
Muscular vein
Nonmuscular vein
Muscular artery
72 із 200
Angiocardiography of a 60-year-old man revealed constriction of a vessel located in the left coronary sulcus of the heart. Name this pathological vessel:
Ramus circumflexus
Ramus interventricularis anterior
Ramus interventricularis posterior
V. cordisparva
A. coronaria dextra
73 із 200
A comatose patient was taken to the hospital. He has a history of diabetes melli-tus. Objectively: Kussmaul breathing, low blood pressure, acetone odor of breath. After the emergency treatment the patient’s condition improved. What drug had been administered?
Insulin
Glibenclamide
Isadrinum
Adrenaline
Furosemide
74 із 200
A patient complains of pain in the right lateral abdomen. Palpation revealed a dense, immobile, tumor-like formation. The tumor is likely to be found in the following part of the digestive tube:
Colon ascendens
Caecum
Colon sigmoideum
Colon transversum
Colon descendens
75 із 200
A patient hospitalized due to mercury intoxication presents with the following processes in the kidneys: focal necrotic changes of tubules of major renal regions, edema, leukocyte infiltration and hemorrhages in the interstitial tissue, venous congestion. What condition developed in the patient?
Acute necrotic nephrosis
Acute glomerulonephritis
Acute pyelonephritis
Chronic renal failure
Chronic pyelonephritis
76 із 200
According to phenotypic diagnosis a female patient has been provisionally diagnosed with Xchromosome polysomia. This diagnosis can be confirmed by cytogenetic method. What karyotype will confirm the diagnosis?
47(ХХХ)
48( XXYY )
47( XXY )
48( XXXY )
46( XX )
77 із 200
An uconscious young man in the state of morphine intoxication has been delivered into an admission room. The patient’s respi- ration is slow and shallow due to suppression of the respiratory center. What kind of respiratory failure occurred in this case?
Ventilatory disregulation
Ventilatory restriction
Perfusion
Diffusion
Ventilatory obstruction
78 із 200
On histological examination of uterine mucosa the following is detected: sinuous glands, serratiform and corkscrew-shaped elongated growths of stroma with cell proliferation. Make the diagnosis:
Glandular endometrial hyperplasia
Vesicular mole
Acute endometritis
Placental polyp
Leiomyoma
79 із 200
10 minutes after the beginning of heavy physical work a person demonstrates increase of erythrocyte number in blood from 4, 0 • 1012/l to 4, 5 • 1012/l. What is the cause of this phenomenon?
Erythrocytes exit from depot
Water loss
Erythropoiesis activation
Increase of cardiac output
Suppression of erythrocyte destruction
80 із 200
A patient has a traumatic injury of sternocleidomastoid muscle. This has resulted in a decrease of the following value:
Inspiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Functional residual lung capacity
Residual volume
Respiratory volume
81 із 200
Autopsy of a 40-year-old woman, who died of cerebral hemorrhage during hypertensic crisis, revealed: upper-body obesity, hypertrichosis, hirsutism, stretchmarks on the skin of thighs and abdomen. Pituitary basophil adenoma is detected in the anterior lobe. What diagnosis is the most likely?
Cushing’s disease
Alimentary obesity
Hypothalamic obesity
Simmonds’ disease
Essential hypertension
82 із 200
A specimen shows an organ covered with the connective tissue capsule with radiating trabeculae. There is also cortex containing lymph nodules, and medullary cords made of lymphoid cells. What organ is under study?
Lymph node
Thymus
Red bone marrow
Tonsils
Spleen
83 із 200
After a craniocerebral injury a patient has lost the ability to recognize shapes of objects by touch (stereognosis). What area of cerebral cortex normally contains the relevant center?
Superior parietal lobule
Inferior parietal lobule
Postcentral gyrus
Angular gyrus
Supramarginal gyrus
84 із 200
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are widely used as psychopharmacological drugs. They change the level of nearly all neurotransmitters in synapses, with the following neurotransmitter being the exception:
Acetylcholine
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
Serotonin
Dopamine
85 із 200
A worker of an agricultural enterprise had been suffering from an acute disease with aggravating intoxication signs, which resulted in his death. On autopsy: the spleen is enlarged, flaccid, dark cherry-red in the section, yields excessive pulp scrape. Soft meninges of fornix and base of the brain are edematous and saturated with blood (’’cardinal’s cap”). Microscopically: serous-hemorrhagic inflammation of meninges and cerebral tissues. Make the diagnosis:
Anthrax
Plague
Cholera
Tularemia
Brucellosis
86 із 200
Autopsy of an 8-month-old boy, who died of severe pneumonia complicated with sepsis, revealed absence of thymus. Lymph nodes have no lymphoid follicles and cortical substance. In the spleen the follicles are decreased in size and have no light centers. What is the cause of such changes?
Thymus agenesis
Thymus aplasia
Accidental thymic involution
Thymus hypoplasia
Thymus atrophy
87 із 200
A patient has been delivered into a surgical ward with an incised wound of the anterior surface of the shoulder in its lower one-third. Flexing function was disrupted in the shoulder and elbow joints, which is caused by the damage to the:
Biceps muscle of the arm
Deltoid muscle
Anconeus muscle
Triceps muscle of the arm
Coracobrachial muscle
88 із 200
A 40-year-old patient suffers from bronchial asthma and prolonged tachycardia. Choose the optimal drug for rapid relief of bronchial spasm in the given case:
Salbutamol
Orciprenaline
Isoprenaline (Isadrinum)
Adrenalin hydrochloride
Ephedrine hydrochloride
89 із 200
A patient with urolithiasis has developed severe pain attacks. For pain shock prevention he was administered an antispasmodic narcotic analgesic along with atropine. Name this drug:
Promedol
Nalorphine
Ethylmorphine hydrochloride
Morphine hydrochloride
Tramadol
90 із 200
A patient suffers from acute cardiopulmonary failure with pulmonary edema. What diuretic should be prescribed in the given case?
Furosemide
Triamterene
Hydrochlorothiazide (Dichlothiazidum)
Acetazolamide (Diacarb)
Spironolactone
91 із 200
A patient with acute myocardial infarction has been administered heparin as a part of complex therapy. Some time after heparin injection the patient developed hematuria. What heparin antagonist should be injected to remove the complication?
Protamine sulfate
Vicasol
Aminocaproic acid
Fibrinogen
Neodicumarin
92 із 200
The key reaction of fatty acid synthesis is production of malonyl-CoA. What metabolite is the source of malonyl-CoA synthesis?
Acetyl-CoA
Citrate
Succinyl-CoA
Acyl-CoA
Malonate
93 із 200
A family of healthy students, who have arrived from Africa, gave birth to a child with signs of anemia. The child has died shortly after. Examination has revealed that the child’s erythrocytes are abnormally crescent-shaped. The disease is characreri-zed by autosomal recessive inheritance. Determine the genotype of the child’s parents:
Аа х Аа
Аа х АА
АА х АА
аа х аа
Аа х аа
94 із 200
At a certain stage of cell cycle chromosomes reach cellular poles, undergo despiralization; nuclear membranes are being formed around them; nucleolus is restored. What stage of mitosis is it?
Telophase
Prophase
Metaphase
Prometaphase
Anaphase
95 із 200
Cardiac arrest occurred in a patient during a surgery of the small intestine. What regulatory mechamisms resulted in the cardiac arrest in this case?
Unconditioned parasympathetic reflexes
Conditioned parasympathetic reflexes
Metasympathetic reflexes
Conditioned sympathetic reflexes
Unconditioned sympathetic reflexes
96 із 200
Vestibular receptors of semicircular canals of an animal have been destroyed. What reflexes will disappear as a result?
Statokinetic reflex during movements with angular acceleration
Statokinetic reflex during movements with linear acceleration
Primary orienting reflex
Head-righting reflex
Body-righting reflex
97 із 200
A patient working at a pig farm complains of paroxysmal abdominal pain, liquid feces with mucus and blood, headache, weakness, fever. Examination of large intestine revealed ulcers from 1 mm up to several cm in diameter, feces contained oval unicellular organisms with cilia. What disease can be suspected?
Balantidiasis
Lambliasis
Amebiasis
Toxoplasmosis
Trichomoniasis
98 із 200
Blood group of a 30-year-old man has been determined before a surgery. The blood was Rhesus-positive. Agglutination did not occur with standard 0 (I), А (II), and В (III) serums. The blood belongs to the following group:
0 (I)
АВ (IV)
А (II)
-
В (III)
99 із 200
Histological specimen of a hemopoietic organ shows clusters of node- and bandshaped lymphocytes that along with stroma elements compose cortical and medullar substances. Name this organ:
Lymph node
Red bone marrow
Thymus
Spleen
Palatine tonsil
100 із 200
It is known that in catecholamine metabolism a special role belongs to monoamine oxidase ( MAO). This enzyme inactivates mediators (noadrenalin, adrenalin, dopamine) by :
Oxidative deamination
Removing methyl groups
Adjoining amino groups
Carboxylation
Hydrolysis
101 із 200
Cellular composition of exudate largely depends on the etiological factor of inflammation. What leukocytes are the first to be involved in the focus of inflammation caused by pyogenic bacteria?
Neutrophil granulocytes
Myelocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophilic granulocytes
Basophils
102 із 200
A surgeon has detected inflammation of the Meckel’s diverticulum in a patient. During surgical invasion it can be located in the:
Ileum
Jejunum
Colon
Sigmoid colon
Duodenum
103 із 200
A patient complains of acute pain attacks in the right lumbar region. During examination the nephrolithic obturation of the right ureter in the region between its abdominal and pelvic segments was detected. What anatomical boundary exists between those two segments?
Linea terminalis
Linea semilunaris
Linea inguinalis
Linea arcuata
Linea transversa
104 із 200
A patient died of cancerous cachexia with primary localization of cancer in the stomach. Autopsy revealed acutely enlarged liver with uneven surface and numerous protruding nodes; the nodes had clear margins in the section, rounded shape, gray-pink color, varying density, sometimes contained necrotic foci. Histologically: there are atypical cells in the nodes. What pathologic process occurred in the liver?
Cancer metastases
Hepatic cancer
Abscesses
Regeneratory nodes
Infarction
105 із 200
A patient has insufficient blood supply to the kidneys, which caused the development of pressor effect due to the constriction of arterial resistance vessels. This is the result of the vessels being greately affected by the following substance:
Angiotensin II
Renin
Angiotensinogen
Norepinephrine
Catecholamines
106 із 200
Experimental stimulation of sympathetic nerve branches that innervate heart caused an increase in force of heart contractions because membrane of typical cardiomyocytes permitted an increase in:
Calcium ion entry
Potassium ion exit
Potassium ion entry
Calcium ion exit
Calcium and potassium ion exit
107 із 200
Parents of a 5-year-old child report him to have frequent colds that develop into pneumonias, presence of purulent rashes on the skin. Laboratory tests have revealed the following: absence of immunoglobulins of any type; naked cells are absent from the lymph nodes punctate. What kind of immune disorder is it?
X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia (Bruton type agammaglobulinemia)
Louis-Barr syndrome
Hypoplastic anemia
Autosomal recessive agammaglobulinaemia (Swiss type)
Agranulocytosis
108 із 200
A microslide contains the specimen of a gland composed of several secretory saccule-shaped parts that open in the common excretory duct. What gland is it?
Simple branched alveolar gland
Compound branched alveolar gland
Compound unbranched alveolar gland
Simple branched tubular gland
Simple unbranched alveolar gland
109 із 200
Microelectrode technique allowed to register a potential following ”all-or-none” law and capable of undecremental spreading. Specify this potential:
Action potential
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Rest potential
Receptor potential
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
110 із 200
Examination of a patient revealed hypertrophy and inflammation of lymphoid tissue, edema of mucous membrane between palatine arches (acute tonsillitis). What tonsil is normally situated in this area?
Tonsilla palatina
Tonsilla lingualis
Tonsilla pharyngealis
-
Tonsilla tubaria
111 із 200
Histological specimen of an ovary demonstrates a spherical structure composed of large glandular cells containing lutein. What hormone is produced by the cells of this structure?
Progesterone
Estrogens
Corticosterone
Aldosterone
Testosterone
112 із 200
A patient, who has been subsisting exclusively on polished rice, has developed polyneuritis due to thiamine deficiency. What substance is an indicator of such avitaminosis, when it is excreted with urine?
Pyruvic acid
Malate
Phenyl pyruvate
Uric acid
Methylmalonic acid
113 із 200
When blood circulation in the damaged tissue is restored, lactate accumulation stops and glucose consumption decelerates. These metabolic changes are caused by activation of the following process:
Aerobic glycolysis
Lipolysis
Anaerobic glycolysis
Glycogen biosynthesis
Gluconeogenesis
114 із 200
A 67-year-old patient complains of periodic heartache, dyspnea during light physical activities. ECG reveals extraordinary contractions of heart ventricles. Such arrhythmia is called:
Fibrillation
Bradycardia
Extrasystole
Tachycardia
Flutter
115 із 200
In investigation of serum proteins various physical and physicochemical methods can be used. In particular, serum albumins and globulins can be separated by the method of:
Electrophoresis
Dialysis
Spectrography
Polarography
Refractometry
116 із 200
Pupil dilation occurs when a person steps from a light room into a dark one. What reflex causes such a reaction?
Sympathetic unconditioned reflex
Parasympathetic conditioned reflex
Sympathetic conditioned reflex
Parasympathetic unconditioned reflex
Metasympathetic reflex
117 із 200
Cells of a person working in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone have undergone a mutation in DNA molecule. However, with time the damaged interval of DNA molecule has been restored to its initial structure with a specific enzyme. In this case the following occurred:
Repair
Replication
Transcription
Reverse transcription
Translation
118 із 200
Autopsy of a 5-year-old child revealed in the area of the vermis of cerebellum a soft grayishpink node 2 cm in diameter with blurred margins and areas of haemorrhage. Histologically this tumour consisted of atypical monomorphous small round cells with large polymorphous nuclei. What tumour is it?
Medulloblastoma
Glioblastoma
Oligodendroglioma
Meningioma
Astrocytoma
119 із 200
When studying the signs of pulmonary ventilation, reduction of forced expiratory volume has been detected. What is the likely cause of this phenomenon?
Obstructive pulmonary disease
Increase of functional residual lung capacity
Increase of respiratory volume
Increase of inspiratory reserve volume
Increase of pulmonary residual volume
120 із 200
A specimen of a parenchymal organ shows poorly delineated hexagonal lobules surrounding a central vein, and the interlobular connective tissue contains embedded triads (an artery, a vein and an excretory duct). What organ is it?
Liver
Spleen
Thymus
Pancreas
Thyroid
121 із 200
A patient had a trauma that caused dysfunction of motor centers regulating activity of head muscles. In what parts of cerebral cortex can these centers normally be located?
Inferior part of precentral gyrus
Angular gyrus
Superior parietal lobule
Superior part of precentral gyrus
Supramarginal gyrus
122 із 200
At the post-mortem examination the stomach of a patient with renal failure was found to have a yellow-brown coating on the thickened mucosa. The coating was firmly adhering to its surface and had significant thickness. Microscopy revealed congestion and necrosis of mucosal and submucosal layers, fibrin presence. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Fibrinous gastritis
Gastric abscess
Esogastritis
Corrosive gastritis
Croupous gastritis
123 із 200
A 60-year-old man suffering from chronic hepatitis frequently observes nasal and gingival hemorrhages, spontaneous hemorrhagic rashes on the skin and mucosa. Such presentations result from:
Decreased synthesis of prothrombin and fibrinogen
Increased blood content of macroglobulins and cryoglobulins
Increased blood content of aminotransferases
Decreased blood content of cholinesterase
Decreased synthesis of serum albumins
124 із 200
Leading symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism are osteoporosis and renal damage resulting in urolithiasis development. What substances are the basis of uroliths in such cases?
Calcium phosphate
Uric acid
Bilirubin
Cholesterol
Cystine
125 із 200
An oncology department has admitted a patient with suspected pulmonary tumor. On examination a pathology localized within the lower lobe of the right lung was detected. How many bronchopulmonary segments are there in this lobe?
5
3
2
6
4
126 із 200
A 45-year-old woman suffers from arterial hypertension with high blood concentration of angiotensin II. What antihypertensive drug is the most recommended in the given case?
Lisinopril
Prazosin
Verapamil
Metoprolol
Reserpine
127 із 200
An alcoholic suffers from alcoholic psychosis with evident psychomotor agitation. What neuroleptic drug should be administered for emergency aid?
Aminazine
Reserpine
Halothane
Sodium bromide
Diazepam
128 із 200
In one of Polessia regions there was an outbreak of helminthiasis manifested by cramps and facial edemas. The developed preventive measures in particular included ban for eating infested pork even after heat processing. What helminthiasis was the case?
Trichinosis
Echinococcosis
Taeniarhynchosis
Alveococcosis
Teniasis
129 із 200
A patient demonstrates functional loss of nasal halves of the retinas. What area of visual pathways is affected?
Optic chiasm
Right optic tract
Left optic tract
Left optic nerve
Right optic nerve
130 із 200
A 26-year-old woman with bronchitis has been administered a broad spectrum antibiotic as a causal treatment drug. Specify this drug:
Doxycycline
Ambroxol
Dexamethasone
Interferon
BCG vaccine
131 із 200
A 16-year-old young man suffering from seasonal allergic rhinitis has been prescribed a highly active second-generation H1 blocker, which can be characterized by absence of marked sedative action. Name this drug:
Loratadine
Indometacin
Pipolphen
Erythromycin
Chloropyramine (Suprastin)
132 із 200
Examination of a 56-year-old woman with a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus revealed a disorder of protein metabolism that is manifested by aminoacidemia in the laboratory blood test values, and clinically by the delayed wound healing and decreased synthesis of antibodies. Which of the following mechanisms causes the development of aminoacidemia?
Increased proteolysis
Increase in the oncotic pressure in the blood plasma
Albuminosis
Increase in low-density lipoprotein level
Decrease in the concentration of amino acids in blood
133 із 200
A patient with injury sustained to a part of the central nervous system demonstrates disrupted coordination and movement amplitude, muscle tremor during volitional movements, poor muscle tone. What part of the central nervous system was injured?
Cerebellum
Oliencephalon
Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Medulla oblongata
134 із 200
A 36-year-old patient has been administered a depolarizing muscle relaxant during a surgery. Name this drug:
Dithylinum
Pipecuronium bromide (Arduan)
Diazepam
Aminazine
Proserin
135 із 200
A man has suffered multiple bone fractures of his lower extremities during a traffic accident. During transportation to a hospital his condition was further aggravated: blood pressure decreased, there were signs of pulmonary artery embolism. What kind of embolism is the most likely in the given case?
Fat embolism
Tissue embolism
Air embolism
Gas embolism
Thromboembolism
136 із 200
UN volunteers have arrived in Nigeria to assist the locals in aftermath of earthquakes. What drug should they prescribe for individual chemoprophylaxis of malaria?
Chingamin
Interferon (Laferon)
Pyrimethamine (Chloridinum)
Primaquine
Pyrantel
137 із 200
After an extended treatment with sulfanamides a patient has developed macrocytic anemia. Production of active forms of the following vitamin is disrupted in such a condition:
Folic acid
Pyridoxine
Cyanocobalamin
Riboflavin
Thiamine
138 із 200
A woman resting in the countryside has been stung by a bee. Immediately after she developed pain in the stung area. In a few minutes there developed a vesicle, erythema and intense itch; later - urticaria and expiratory dyspnea. What factors resulted in the patient developing expiratory dyspnea?
Histamine
Hageman’s factor
Adrenaline
Lysosomal enzymes
Noradrenaline
139 із 200
Autopsy of a 28-year-old patient, who had been suffering from rheumatism and died of heart failure, revealed pancarditis. Histological investigation of myocardium of the left ventricle posterior wall and interventricular septum detected perivascular cellular focal infiltrates composed of macrophages and creating palisade structures surrounding areas of fibrinoid necrosis. Determine the type of myocarditis:
Granulomatous
Focal interstitial exudative
-
Diffuse interstitial productive
Diffuse interstitial exudative
140 із 200
When ascending to the top of Elbrus, a mountain climber experiences oxygen starvation, dyspnea, palpitations, and numbness of the extremities. What kind of hypoxia has developed in the mountain climber?
Hypoxic
Hemic
Tissue
Cardiac
Circulatory
141 із 200
A 2-year-old boy is diagnosed with Down syndrome. What chromosomal changes can cause this disease?
Trisomy 21
Trisomy 13
Trisomy 18
Monosomy X
Trisomy X
142 із 200
A 62-year-old patient has been hospitalized due to massive cerebral hemorrhage. Blood pressure is 70/30 mm Hg, heart rate is 120/min., respiratory rate is 4/min., unconscious, no response to external stimuli. Such condition can be determined as:
Coma
Stress
Shock
Collapse
Agony
143 із 200
A 3-year-old girl with mental retardation has been diagnosed with sphingomyelin lipidosis ( Niemann-Pick disease). In this condition synthesis of the following substance is disrupted :
Sphingomyelinase
Sphingosine
Ceramides
Glycosyltransferase
Gangliosides
144 із 200
What condition may develop 15-30 minutes after re-administration of an antigen as a result of the increased level of antibodies, mainly IgE, that are adsorbed on the surface of target cells, namely tissue basophils (mast cells) and blood basophils?
Anaphylaxis
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
Immune complex hyperresponsiveness
Serum sickness
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
145 із 200
Local anesthetics (novocaine, lidocaine and others) decreases pain sensitivity of tissues by blocking Na+ and K + ions from permeating membranes of nerve fibers and endings. Such mechanism of drug action is called:
Membrane ionic
Receptor
Enzyme
Antienzyme
Direct chemical
146 із 200
After a road accident a victim has tachycardia, arterial blood pressure 130/90 mm Hg, tachypnoe, the skin is pale and dry, excitation of central nervous system is observed. What shock stage is the patient most likely in?
Erectile
Preshock (compensation stage)
Agony
Terminal
Torpid
147 із 200
A woman complaining of sharp pain in her lower abdomen has been delivered into an admission room. A gynecologist on examination makes a provisional diagnosis of extrauterine pregnancy. What anatomical structure should be punctated to confirm diagnosis?
Rectouterine pouch
Recto-vesical pouch
Utriculosaccular chamber
Intersigmoidal recess
Retropubic space
148 із 200
A passenger of a fixed-run taxi has a sudden and expressed attack of tachycardia. A doctor travelling by the same taxi has managed to slow down his heart rate by pressing upon the eyeballs and thus causing the following reflex:
Dagnini-Aschner reflex
Frank-Starling mechanism
Hering-Breuer reflex
Bainbridge reflex
Holtz’s reflex
149 із 200
A 47-year-old man developed intestinal colic against the background of essential hypertension. In this situation it would be the most efficient to arrest the colic by administering drugs of the following group:
Myotropic antispasmodics
Sympathomimetics
Adrenomimetics
Anticholinesterase agents
M-cholinomimetics
150 із 200
A therapeutist has an appointment with a 40-year-old patient complaining of recurrent pain attacks in his hallux joints and their swelling. Urine analysis revealed its marked acidity and pink color. What substances can cause such changes in urine?
Uric acid salt
Ammonium salts
Magnesium sulfate
Calcium phosphate
Chlorides
151 із 200
Exophthalmus observed during thyrotoxicosis is caused by accumulation of highly waterbinding substances within the retrobulbar tissues. Name these substances:
Glycosaminoglycans
Phospholipids
Kreatine
ATP
Cholesterol
152 із 200
A patient presents with dry peeling skin, frequent cases of acute respiratory diseases, xerophthalmia. What vitamin preparation should be prescribed in this case?
Retinol acetate
Ergocalciferol
Menadione (Vikasolum)
Cyanocobalamin
Thiamine
153 із 200
Parenchyma of an organ is composed of pseudounipolar neurons localized under the capsule of connective tissue. Central place belongs to nerve fibers. Name this organ:
Spinal ganglion
Nerve trunk
Spinal cord
Intramural ganglion
Sympathetic ganglion
154 із 200
A patient consulted a physician about chest pain, cough, fever. Roentgenography of lungs revealed eosinophilic infiltrates that were found to contain larvae. What kind of helminthiasis are these presentations typical of?
Ascariasis
Trichinosis
Echinococcosis
Cysticercosis
Fascioliasis
155 із 200
During appendectomy a patient had the a. appendicularis ligated. This vessel branches from the following artery:
A. ileocolica
A. colica dextra
A. sigmoidea
A. colica media
A. mesenterica inferior
156 із 200
A patient with signs of osteoporosis and urolithiasis has been admitted to an endocrinology department. Blood test revealed hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. These changes are associated with abnormal synthesis of the following hormone:
Parathyroid hormone
Aldosterone
Calcitriol
Cortisol
Calcitonin
157 із 200
Prescription of penicillin G sodium salt has caused development of neurotoxic effects ( hallucinations, convulsions). Such reaction is the result of antagonism with the following neurotransmitter:
GABA
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Adenosine
Serotonin
158 із 200
A 30-year-old woman exhibits signs of virilism (growth of body hair, balding temples, menstrual disorders). This condition can be caused by overproduction of the following hormone:
Testosterone
Relaxin
Oestriol
Oxytocin
Prolactin
159 із 200
During a surgery for femoral hernia a surgeon operates within the boundaries of femoral trigone. What structure makes up its upper margin?
Lig. inguinale
Lig. pectinale
Fascia lata
Lig. lacunare
Arcus iliopectineus
160 із 200
Activation of a number of hemostatic factors occurs through their joining with calcium ions. What structural component allows for adjoining of calcium ions?
Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid
Monoamine-dicarboxylic acids
Hydroxyproline
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
Gamma-oxybutyric acid
161 із 200
A patient has arterial hypertension. What long-acting calcium channel blocker should be prescribed?
Amlodipine
Atenolol
Pyrroxanum
Reserpine
Octadine
162 із 200
Material obtained from a patient contains several types of microorganisms (staphylococci and streptococci) causative of the patient’s disease. Name this type of infection:
Mixed infection
Consecutive infection
Coinfection
Superinfection
Reinfection
163 із 200
A laboratory has been investigating virulence of a diphtheria agent. In the process of the experiment the infection was introduced intraperitoneally into test animals. The dosage of bacteria resulting in 95% mortality of test animals was found. What unit of virulence measurement was determined?
DLM
DCL
LD5
ID
LD50
164 із 200
A patient complains of palpitations after stress. Pulse is 104/min., P-Q=0,12 seconds, there are no changes in QRS complex. What type of arrhythmia does the patient have?
Sinus tachycardia
Sinus arrhythmia
Sinus bradycardia
Ciliary arrhythmia
Extrasystole
165 із 200
A patient consulted a dentist about restricted mouth opening (trismus). He has a history of a stab wound of the lower extremity. What infection can cause these symptoms?
Tetanus
Whooping cough
Brucellosis
Wound anaerobic infection
Tularemia
166 із 200
Patient’s systolic blood pressure is 90 mm Hg, diastolic - 70 mm Hg. Such blood pressure is caused by decrease of the following factor:
Pumping ability of the left heart
Total peripheral resistance
Vascular tone
Pumping ability of the right heart
Aortic compliance
167 із 200
A 29-year-old man with a knife wound of the neck presents with bleeding. During the initial dbridement of the wound a surgeon revealed the injury of a vessel situated along the lateral edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Specify this vessel:
V jugularis externa
A. carotis interna
V. jugularis interna
A. carotis externa
V jugularis anterior
168 із 200
A 6-year-old child suffers from delayed growth, disrupted ossification processes, decalcification of the teeth. What can be the cause?
Vitamin D deficiency
Decreased glucagon production
Vitamin C deficiency
Hyperthyroidism
Insulin deficiency
169 із 200
A patient addressed a hospital with complaints of lost sensitivity of the skin of the little finger. What nerve is the most likely to be damaged?
Ulnar
Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
Radial
Musculocutaneous
Median
170 із 200
A 30-year-old patient’s blood test has revealed the following: erythrocyte count is 6 • 1012/l, hemoglobin is 10,55 mmol/l. Vaquez’s disease was diagnosed. Name the leading part of pathogenesis:
Neoplastic erythroid hyperplasia
Hypoxia
S12-deficiency
Acidosis
Iron-deficiency
171 із 200
Pancreas is known as a mixed gland. Endocrine functions include production of insulin by beta cells. This hormone affects metabolism of carbohydrates. What is its effect on the activity of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) and glycogen synthase (GS)?
It inhibits GP and activates GS
It inhibits both GP and GS
It does not affect the activity of GP and GS
It activates both GP and GS
It activates GP and inhibits GS
172 із 200
This year influenza epidemic is characterised by patients’ body temperature varying from 36,9oC to 37,9oC. Such fever is called:
Subfebrile
Apyretic
Hyperpyretic
High
Moderate
173 із 200
Fructosuria is known to be connected with inherited deficiency of fructose 1-phosphate aldolase. What product of fructose metabolism will accumulate in the organism resulting in toxic action?
Fructose 1-phosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Glucose 6-phosphate
Fructose 1,6-biphosphate
Glucose 1-phosphate
174 із 200
A woman complains of visual impairment. Examination revealed obesity in the patient and her fasting plasma glucose level is hyperglycemic. What diabetes complication can cause visual impairment/blindness?
Microangiopathy
Glomerulopathy
Atherosclerosis
Macroangiopathy
Neuropathy
175 із 200
Administration of doxycycline hydrochloride has caused an imbalance of the symbiotic intestinal microflora. Specify the kind of imbalance caused by the antibiotic therapy:
Dysbacteriosis
Idiosyncrasy
Bacteriosis
Superimposed infection
Sensibilization
176 із 200
Cholesterol content in blood serum of a 12-year-old boy is 25 mmol/l. Anamnesis states hereditary familial hypercholesterolemia caused by synthesis disruption of receptor-related proteins for:
Low-density lipoproteins
Chylomicrons
High-density lipoproteins
Very low-density lipoproteins
Middle-density lipoproteins
177 із 200
During recording of a spirogram a patient calmly exhaled. How do we call the volume of air remaining in the lungs?
Functional residual capacity
Tidal volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Vital capacity of lungs
Pulmonary residual volume
178 із 200
A 40-year-old woman was diagnosed with glomerulonephritis based on her clinical symptoms and the results of urine analysis. Anamnesis states chronic tonsillitis. What microorganisms are the most likely cause for the kidney damage in this case?
Streptococci
Mycoplasma
Staphylococci
Escherichia
Meningococci
179 із 200
A man is suffering from diarrhea. In summer he spent his vacation in the south at the sea coast. Bacteria with the following properties were detected in his feces: gramnegative curved mobile monotrichous bacilli that do not produce spores or capsules. Bacilli are undemanding to nutrient medium but require alkaline reaction (рН 8,59,5). Described are the agents of the following enteric infection:
Cholera
Shigellosis
Pseudotuberculosis
Colienteritis
Typhoid fever
180 із 200
An athlete (long-distance runner) during a contest developed a case of acute cardiac insufficiency. This pathology resulted from:
Cardiac volume overload
Direct damage to myocardium
Disrupted coronary circulation
Cardiac pressure overload
Pericardium pathology
181 із 200
Parkinson’s disease is caused by disruption of dopamine synthesis. What brain structure synthesizes this neurotransmitter?
Substantia nigra
Red nucleus
Globus pallidus
Corpora quadrigemina
Hypothalamus
182 із 200
Name the halogen-containing antiseptic with fungicidal properties, which is used to treat dermatomycosis:
Iodine solution
Formalin solution
Brilliant green
Methylene blue
Boric acid solution
183 із 200
Due to severe pain syndrome a patient was prescribed a narcotic analgesic. Name this drug:
Morphine
Nimesulide
Metamizole (Analgin)
Indometacin
Dimethyl sulfoxide
184 із 200
During pathomorphological renal investigation of a patient, who for a long time had been suffering from osteomyelitis and died of progressing renal failure, the following was revealed: deposits of homogeneous eosinophilic masses in glomerular mesangium, arterial and arteriolar walls, and stroma, which colored red when stained with Congo red. What pathological process is this?
Amyloidosis
Hyalinosis
Mucoid swelling
Calcinosis
Carbohydrate degeneration
185 із 200
During experiment a dog has developed conditioned digestive reflex in response to a sound stimulus. This conditioned reflex will not be exhibited anymore after the extirpation of the following areas of the cerebral hemispheres:
Temporal lobe on both sides
Occipital lobe on both sides
Parietal lobe on both sides
Temporal lobe on one side
Occipital lobe on one side
186 із 200
Coenzym A participates in numerous important metabolic reactions. It is a derivative of the following vitamin:
Pantothenic acid
Ubiquinone
Calciferol
Niacin
Thiamine
187 із 200
A patient diagnosed with acute dysentery has been treated for 3 days in an infectious diseases hospital. On admission there were complaints of high temperature, stomachache and fluid excrements with mucus up to 8-10 times a day. What sample should be taken for analysis?
Feces
Blood
Bile
Liquor
Urine
188 із 200
A patient with arthritis has been prescribed an anti-inflammatory selective COX-2 inhibitor. Select this drug among those given below:
Celecoxib
Indometacin
Metamizole (Analgin)
Phenylbutazone (Butadion)
Dimethylsulfoxide (Dimexid)
189 із 200
A person with the fourth blood group (genotype IAIB) has in erythrocytes both antigen A controlled by allele IA and antigen B controlled by allele IB. This phenomenon is an example of the following gene interation:
Codominance
Complementarity
Semidominance
Polymery
Epistasis
190 із 200
A patient with diabetes mellitus suffers from persistently nonhealing surgical wound, which is a sign of disrupted tissue trophism. What is the cause of such disorder?
Disruption of protein metabolism regulation
Increased lipid catabolism
Hypoglycemia
Anemia
Ketonemia
191 із 200
A patient with signs of intestinal infection (vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain) has been presenting with increasing symptoms of intoxication for three days. Papular rash appeared on the uncovered skin areas and spread to the torso. A doctor suspected pseudotuberculosis. What laboratory test allows confirming this diagnosis within the first week from the onset of disease?
Bacteriological
Serological
Allergic
Biological
Microscopic
192 із 200
A microslide demonstrates an organ with its wall consisting of three membranes. The inner membrane has tubular glands and undergoes cyclic changes. Name this organ:
Uterus
Esophagus
Vagina
Ureter
Urinary bladder
193 із 200
A patient with femoral neck fracture, who for a long time had to remain in bed in a forced ( supine) position, has developed dark-brown lesions along the backbone; soft tissues are swollen, in the areas of maceration there is a foul-smelling liquid. Name the clinicopathologic type of necrosis:
Bedsore
Coagulation necrosis
Infarction
Sequestrum
Dry gangrene
194 із 200
A patient is 20 years old, an athlete. He addressed a doctor with complaints of fatigue, fever up to 38oC - 40oC. Objectively: the liver and spleen are enlarged, lymph nodes on palpation are slightly enlarged, dense, painless. Blood test: НЬ- 100 g/l; erythrocytes - 2,9 • 1012/l; leukocytes -4,4 • 109/l. Leukogram: 68% of blast cells. Cytochemical investigation of blast cells revealed negative reactions to glycogen, peroxidase, non-specific esterase, lipids. Name this disease:
Acute undifferentiated leukemia
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Acute myeloid leukemia
Acute monoblastic leukemia
195 із 200
Impression smear of mucosa biopsy material has been obtained from a patient with peptic ulcer disease of the stomach. Gram-negative arcuate bent microorganisms were detected, urease activity test was positive. What microorganisms were detected in the patient?
Helicobacter
Treponema
Leptospira
Spirochete
Spirilla
196 із 200
A patient after disrupted cerebral circulation has developed paralysis. Choose the anticholinesterase drug to be prescribed in this case:
Proserin
Methacin
Hexamethonium (Benzohexonium)
Aceclidine
Cordiamin
197 із 200
30 minutes after drinking mango juice a child suddenly developed a local swelling in the area of the soft palate, which impeded swallowing and, eventually, respiration. Mucosa of the swollen area was hyperemic and painless. Blood test revealed moderate eosinophilia. Body temperature was normal. Anamnesis states that the elder sister of the child has been suffering from bronchial asthma attacks. What kind of edema has developed in the child?
Allergic
Hepatic
Cardiac
Inflammatory
Alimentary
198 із 200
During examination of a patient a doctor should use anatomical division of anterior abdominal wall into regions for more precise diagnostics. How many regions can abdomen be divided into?
9
4
8
5
6
199 із 200
A child has a wound located posterior to the mastoid process. Bright red blood flows from the wound. Damaged are the branches of the following artery: A.
A. occipitalis
A. temporalis superior
A. carotis externa
A. maxillaris
A. carotis interna
200 із 200
When investigating human saliva it is necessary to assess its hydrolytic properties. What substance should be used as a substrate in the process?
Starch
Fats
Amino acids
Fiber
Proteins