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A 35-year-old man has been delivered into a surgical ward with a suppurating wound in the neck, anterior to trachea (previsceral space). If a surgical operation is not performed urgently, there is a risk of infection spreading to:
Retrovisceral space
Thoracic cavity - anterior mediastinum
Thoracic cavity - middle mediastinum
Thoracic cavity - posterior mediastinum
Interaponeurotic suprasternal space
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Characteristic sign of glycogenosis is muscle pain during physical work. Blood examination usually reveals hypoglycemia. This pathology is caused by congenital deficiency of the following enzyme:
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Glycogen phosphorylase
7- amylase
a-amylase
Lysosomal glycosidase
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Histologic specimen of a kidney demonstrates cells closely adjoined to the renal corpuscle in the distal convoluted tubule. Tbeir basement membrane is extremely thin and has no folds. These cells sense the changes in sodium content of urine and influence renin secretion occurring in juxtaglomerular cells. Name these cells:
Glomerular capillary endothelial cells
Juxtaglomerular cells
Podocytes
Mesangial cells
Macula densa cells
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Bacteriological analysis of tap water has resulted in the following: total bacterial count in 1,0 ml of water is 80, coli index is 3. What would be the conclusion?
The water is extremely polluted
The water is safe for consumption
The water quality is extremely doubtful
The water quality is doubtful
The water is polluted
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The process of metabolism in the human body produces active forms of oxygen, including superoxide anion radical O2. This anion is inactivated by the following enzyme:
Catalase
Glutathione reductase
Glutathione peroxidase
Peroxidase
Superoxide dismutase
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What kind of muscle contraction occurs in an upper limb during an attempt to lift a load beyond one’s strength?
Phasic
Isometric
Auxotonic
Isotonic
Single
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A patient suffers from high fever, apnoea, pain in the thorax on the right. Pleurocentesis yielded 700 ml of yellow-green viscous liquid. Make the diagnosis:
Hemorrhagic pleurisy
Pleural empyema
Pleural carcinomatosis
Serous pleurisy
Bronchial pneumonia
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A patient suffers from disrupted patency of the airways at the level of small and medium-sized bronchial tubes. What changes of acid-base balance can occur in the patient?
Respiratory alkalosis
Acid-base balance remains unchanged
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
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Upon toxic damage of hepatic cells resulting in disruption of liver function the patient developed edemas. What changes of blood plasma are the main cause of edema development?
Decrease of albumin content
Increase of globulin conten
Decrease of fibrinogen conten
Decrease of globulin conten
Increase of albumin conten
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A 6-year-old child with suspected active tuberculous process has undergone diagnostic Mantoux test. What immunobi-ological preparation was injected?
DTP vaccine
Tularinum
Td vaccine
Tuberculin
BCG vaccine
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A 15-year-old boy has been diagnosed with acute viral hepatitis. What blood value should be determined to confirm acute affection of hepatic cells?
Unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin content
Erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR)
Cholesterol content
Protein fraction content
Aminotransferase activity (AST, ALT)
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A 53-year-old man is diagnosed with Paget’s disease. Concentration of oxyproli-ne in daily urine is sharply increased, which primarily means intensified disintegration of:
Hemoglobin
Albumin
Fibrinogen
Collagen
Keratin
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When taking exams students often have dry mouth. The mechanism that causes this state results from the following reflexes:
Conditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned parasympathetic
Unconditioned peripheral
Conditioned parasympathetic
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A patient has hoarseness of voice. During laryngoscopy a gray-white larynx tumor with papillary surface has been detected. Microscopic investigation has shown the following: growth of connective tissue covered with multilayer, strongly keratinized pavement epithelium, no cellular atypia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Angioma
Fibroma
Angiofibroma
Papilloma
Polyp
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During autopsy approximately 2,0 liters of pus have been found in the abdominal cavity of the body. Peritoneum is dull and of grayish shade, serous tunic of intestines has grayish-colored coating that is easily removable. Specify the most likely type of peritonitis in the patient:
Fibrinopurulent peritonitis
-
Hemorrhagic peritonitis
Serous peritonitis
Tuberculous peritonitis
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Autopsy of a body revealed bone marrow hyperplasia of tubular and flat bones (pyoid marrow), splenomegaly (6 kg) and hepatomegaly (5 kg), enlargement of all lymph node groups. What disease are the identified changes typical of?
Multiple myeloma
Polycythemia vera
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Hodgkin’s disease
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
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A bacteriological laboratory has been investigating a sample of homemade dried fish that was the cause of severe food poisoning. Microscopy of the culture inoculated in Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealed microorganisms resembling a tennis racket. What diagnosis can be made?
Salmonellosis
Dysentery
Cholera
Botulism
Typhoid fever
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An infant has been diagnosed with microcephaly. Doctors suspect that this brain disorder developed due to the fact that the mother had been taking actinomycin D during her pregnancy. What germinal layers have been affected by this teratogen?
Entoderm and mesoderm
All germinal layers
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Entoderm
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A patient demonstrates sharp decrease of pulmonary surfactant activity. This condition can result in:
Decresed work of expiratory muscles
Alveolar tendency to recede
Hyperoxemia
Increased pulmonary ventilation
Decreased airways resistance
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A patient is diagnosed with diabetic coma. Blood sugar is 18,44 mmol/1. What glucoseregulating drug should be prescribed in the given case?
Sulfonylurea derivative
Rapid-acting insulin
Intermediate-acting insulin
Long-acting insulin
Biguanide
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Initial inoculation of water in 1% peptone water resulted in growth of a thin film on the medium surface in 6 hours. Such cultural properties are characteristic of causative agent of the following disesase:
Pseudotuberculosis
Cholera
Plague
Dysentery
Tuberculosis
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An infant born prematurely 2 days ago presents with yellow coloring of skin and mucosa. Such a condition in the infant is caused by temporary deficiency of the following enzyme:
UDP-glucuronyl transferase
Heme oxygenase
Aminolevulinate synthase
Heme synthetase
Biliverdine reductase
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It has been determined that one of a pesticide components is sodium arsenate that blocks lipoic acid. Enzyme activity can be impaired by this pesticide. Name this enzyme:
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Methemoglobin reductase
Glutathione peroxidase
Microsomal oxidation
Glutathione reductase
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A 50-year-old woman diagnosed with cardiac infarction has been delivered into an intensive care ward. What enzyme will be the most active during the first two days?
Aspartate aminotransferase
Alanine aminotransferase
LDHi
Alanine aminopeptidase
LDH5
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Stool culture test of a 6-month-old bottlefed baby revealed a strain of intestinal rod-shaped bacteria of antigen structure 0-111. What diagnosis can be made?
Choleriform disease
Dysentery-like disease
Gastroenteritis
Food poisoning
Colienteritis
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Parents of a sick 5-year-old girl visited a genetic consultation. Karyotype investigation revealed 46 chromosomes. One chromosome of the 15th pair was abnormally long, having a part of the chromosome belonging to the 21st pair attached to it. What mutation occurred in this girl?
Deletion
Duplication
Deficiency
Inversion
Translocation
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A patient consulted a doctor with complaints of dyspnea occurring after physical exertion. Physical examination revealed anemia, paraprotein was detected among gamma globulins. What value should be determined in the patient’s urine to confirm the diagnosis of myeloma?
Bilirubin
Hemoglobin
Antitrypsin
Ceruloplasmin
Bence Jones protein
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A patient complaining of dizziness, thirst, difficult swallowing, and impaired vision of close objects has addressed a doctor. Objectively: respiratory rate is increased, pupils are dilated, general agitation, talkativeness, though the speech is indistinct. BP is 110/70 mm Hg, heart rate is 110/min. Given symptoms can indicate overdosage of the following drug:
Morphine
Atropine
Aminazine
Caffeine
Ephedrine
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A dry-cleaner’s worker has been found to have hepatic steatosis. This pathology can be caused by disruption of synthesis of the following substance:
Phosphatidic acid
Cholic acid
Phosphatidylcholine
Urea
Tristearin
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A 35-year-old man with peptic ulcer disease has undergone antrectomy. After the surgery secretion of the following gastrointestinal hormone will be disrupted the most:
Cholecystokinin
Secretin
Histamine
Neurotensin
Gastrin
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A 16-year-old adolescent is diagnosed with hereditary UDP (uridine diphosphate) glucuronyltransferase deficiency. Laboratory tests revealed hyperbilirubinemia caused mostly by increased blood content of the following substance:
Stercobilinogen
Conjugated bilirubin
Biliverdine
Urobilinogen
Unconjugated bilirubin
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A 60-year-old patient with a long history of atherosclerosis and a previous myocardial infarction developed an attack of retrosternal pain. 3 days later the patient was hospitalized and then died of progressive cardiovascular insufficiency. During autopsy a white fibrous depressed area about 3 cm in diameter with clear margi- ns was found within the area of posterior wall of the left ventricle and interventricular septum. The dissector considered these changes to be:
Myocardial ischemia
Myocarditis
Myocardial degeneration
Focal cardiosclerosis
Myocardial infarction
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A patient with hypertension has developed headache, tinnitus, vomiting, high BP up to 220/160 mm Hg. On examination: facial asymmetry on the right, volitional mobility is absent, increased tendon reflexes and muscle tone of extremities on the right. What motor disorder of nervous system occurred in this case?
Paraplegia
Tetraplegia
Monoplegia
Hyperkinesis
Hemiplegia
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A 7-year-old child in the state of allergic shock caused by a bee sting has been delivered into an emergency ward. High concentration of histamine was observed in blood. Production of this amine was the result of the following reaction:
Reduction
Deaminization
Dehydrogenation
Hydroxylation
Decarboxylation
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A 26-year-old woman consulted a doctor about having stool with white flat moving organisms resembling noodles. Laboratory analysis revealed proglottids with the following characteristics: long, narrow, with a longitudinal channel of the uterus with 17-35 lateral branches on each side. What kind of intestinal parasite was found?
Hymenolepis папа
Taenia solium
Diphyllobothrium latum
Echinococcus granulosus
Taeniarhynchus saginatus
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A man is 28 years old. Histological investigation of the cervical lymph node revealed a change of its pattern due to proliferation of epithelioid, lymphoid cells and macrophages with horseshoe-shaped nuclei. In the center of some cell clusters there were non-structured lightpink areas with fragments of nuclei. What disease are these changes typical of?
Tumor metastasis
Syphilis
Tuberculosis
Actinomycosis
Hodgkin’s disease
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Sex chromatin was detected during examination of a man’s buccal epithelium. It is characteristic of the following chromosome disease:
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Hypophosphatemic rickets
Down’s disease
Turner’s syndrome
Triple X syndrome
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A patient, having suffered a thermal burn, developed painful boils filled with turbid liquid in the skin. What morphological type of inflammation has developed in the patient?
Croupous
Diphtheritic
Serous
Granulomatous
Proliferative
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Autopsy of a man with tuberculosis revealed a 3x2 cm large cavity in the superior lobe of the right lung. The cavity was interconnected with a bronchus, its wall was dense and consisted of three layers: the internal layer was pyogenic, the middle layer was made of tuberculous granulation tissue and the external one was made of connective tissue. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Acute cavernous tuberculosis
Acute focal tuberculosis
Fibrous focal tuberculosis
Fibrous cavernous tuberculosis
Tuberculoma
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A 7-year-old child has acute onset of disease: temperature rise up to 38°C, rhinitis, cough, lacrimation, and large-spot rash on the skin. Pharyngeal mucosa is edematous, hyperemic, with whitish spots' in the buccal area. What kind of inflammation caused the changes in the buccal mucosa?
Hemorrhagic inflammation
Suppurative inflammation
Fibrinous inflammation
Serous inflammation
Catarrhal inflammation
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After a traffic accident a 36-year-old patient has developed muscle paralysis of the extremitis on the right, lost pain and thermal sensitivity on the left, and partially lost tactile sensitivity on both sides. What part of the brain is the most likely to be damaged?
Anterior horn of the spinal cord
Posterior horn of the spinal cord
Motor cortex on the left
Left-hand side of the spinal cord
Right-hand side of the spinal cord
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A 4-year-old child has been admitted to an orthopaedic department with displaced shin fracture. Bone fragments reposition requires analgesia. What drug should be chosen?
Panadol
-
Morphine hydrochloride
Promedol
Analgin
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While examining foot blood supply a doctor checks the pulsation of a large artery running in the separate fibrous channel in front of articulatio talocruralis between the tendons of long extensor muscles of hallux and toes. What artery is it?
A. tarsea medialis
A. fibularis
A. dorsalis pedis
A. tibialis anterior
A. tarsea lateralis
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Representatives of a certain human population can be characterized by elongated body, height variability, decreased volume of muscle mass, increased length of limbs, decreased size and volume of rib cage, increased perspiration, decreased indices of base metabolism and fat synthesis. What type of adaptive evolution is it?
Mountain
Moderate
Tropical
Arctic
Intermediate
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A 59-year-old woman has been hospiali- zed in a surgical ward due to exacerbation of chronic osteomyelitis of the left shin. Blood test: leukocytes - 15,0- 109/1. Leukogram: myelocytes - 0%, metamyelocytes - 8%, stab neutrophils - 28%, segmented neutrophils - 32%, lymphocytes 29 %, monocytes - 3%. Such blood count would be called :
Regenerative-degenerative left shift
Hyperregenerative left shift
Degenerative left shift
Regenerative left shift
Right shift
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A 41-year-old man has a history of recurrent attacks of heartbeats (paroxysms), profuse sweating, headaches. Examination revealed hypertension, hyperglycemia, increased basal metabolic rate, and tachycardia. These clinical presentations are typical of the following adrenal pathology:
Hypofunction of the medulla
Hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex
Hypofunction of the adrenal cortex
Primary aldosteronism
Hyperfunction of the medulla
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During autopsy of a man, who died of acute transmural cardiac infarction, the following has been detected on the pericardium surface: fibrous whitish-brown deposit connecting parietal and visceral pericardial layers. What kind of inflammation occurred in the pericardium?
Granulomatous
Croupous
Suppurative
Diphtheritic
Serous
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A 12-year-old child developed nephritic syndrome (proteinuria, hematuria, cyli-ndruria) 2 weeks after a case of tonsillitis, which is a sign of affected glomerular basement membrane in the kidneys. What mechanism is the most likely to cause the basement membrane damage?
Reaginic
Granulomatous
Antibody-mediated
Immune complex
Cytotoxic
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A man arrived into a traumatological department with a trauma of the right shoulder. Examination revealed a displaced humeral shaft fracture on the right in the middle one-third of the humerus; the patient cannot extend the fingers of his right hand. What nerve is damaged?
Musculocutaneous
Median
Radial
Ulnar
Axillary
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Work in a mine is known to cause inhalation of large amounts of coal dust. Inhaled coal dust can be detected in the following pulmonary cells:
Capillary endothelial cells
Secretory epithelial cells
Respiratory epithelial cells
Alveolar macrophages
Pericapillary cells
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What drug will be the most appropriate for a patient suffering from chronic gastritis with increased secretion?
Pirenzepine
Pancreatine
Pepsin
Chlorphentermine
Aprotinin
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A 63-year-old man, who has been suffering from chronic fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis for 24 years, has been delivered to a nephrology department with uremia. Intravital diagnostic test for amyloid in the kidneys was positive. What amyloidosis is it in this case?
Senile
Hereditary (genetic)
Localized (focal)
Primary systemic
Secondary systemic
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Cells of a healthy liver actively synthesize glycogen and proteins. What organelles are the most developed in them?
Granular and agranular endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Mitochondria
Cell center
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Immune-enzyme assay has detected HBs antigen in blood serum. What disease is it characteristic of?
AIDS
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
Viral hepatitis type B
Viral hepatitis type A
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A patient has been diagnosed with gonorrhea. As fluoroquinolones are the drugs of choce for treatment of gonorrhea the patient should be prescribed:
Sulfacarbamide (Urosulfanum)
Ciprofloxacin
Furazolidone
Fluorouracil
Cefazolin
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Autopsy of a Middle-Eastern woman, who had been suffering from wasting fever for a long time, revealed enlarged blackened liver and spleen. Bone marrow was hyperplastic and blackcolored as well. Cerebral cortex was smoky grey. What disease is it characteristic of?
AIDS
Epidemic typhus
Malaria
Sepsis
Hepatitis
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Human red blood cells contain no mitochondria. What is the main pathway for ATP production in these cells?
Aerobic glycolysis
Cyclase reaction
Creatine kinase reaction
Anaerobic glycolysis
Oxidative phosphorylation
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Atria of an experimental animal were superdistended with blood, which resulted in decreased reabsorption of Na+ and water in renal tubules. This can be explained by the influence of the following factor on kidneys:
Vasopressin
Aldosterone
Renin
Natriuretic hormone
Angiotensin
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A woman gave birth to a stillborn baby with numerous malformations. What protozoan disease could cause intrauterine death?
Lambliasis
Leishmaniasis
Toxoplasmosis
Amebiasis
Malaria
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A 42-year-old patient complains of pain in the epigastral area, vomiting; vomit masses have the color of coffee-grounds; the patient suffers from melena. Anamnesis records gastric ulcer disease. Blood formula: erythrocytes - 2,8 • 1012/l, leukocytes -8 • 109/l, Hb- 90 g/l. What complication is it?
Penetration
Pyloric stenosis
Hemorrhage
Canceration
Perforation
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A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of virus B hepatitis. Serological reaction based on complementation of antigen with antibody chemically bound to peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase was used for disease diagnostics. What is the name of the applied serological reaction?
Immunofluorescence test
Immune-enzyme analysis
Bordet-Gengou test
Antigen-binding assay
Radioimmunoassay
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A patient with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus has been administered insulin. After a certain period of time the patient developed fatigue, irritability, excessive sweating. What is the main mechanism of such presentations developing?
Increased glycogenolysis
Carbohydrate starvation of the brain
Increased ketogenesis
Increased lipogenesis
Decreased glyconeogenesis
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Examination of a 52-year-old woman has revealed a decrease in the amount of red blood cells and an increase in free hemoglobin in the blood plasma (hemoglobinemia). Color index is 0,85. What type of anemia is being observed in the patient?
Hereditary hemolytic
Acquired hemolytic
Acute hemorrhagic
Chronic hemorrhagic
Anemia due to diminished erythropoiesis
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Poisoning caused by mercury (II) chloride (corrosive sublimate) occurred in the result of safety rules violation. In 2 days the patient’s diurnal diuresis was 620 ml. The patient developed headache, vomiting, convulsions, dyspnea; moist crackles were observed in the lungs. Name this pathology:
Glomerulonephritis
Acute renal failure
Chronic renal failure
Uremic coma
Pyelonephritis
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For people adapted to high external temperatures profuse sweating is not accompanied by loss of large volumes of sodium chloride. This is caused by the effect the following hormone has on perspiratory glands:
Aldosterone
Natriuretic
Vasopressin
Cortisol
Tgyroxin
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The processes of heat transfer in a naked person at room temperature have been studied. It was revealed that under these conditions the greatest amount of heat is transferred by:
Convection
Evaporation
Heat radiation
Heat conduction
-
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Due to destruction of certain structures of the brainstem an animal has lost its orientation reflexes in response to strong light stimuli. What structures were destroyed?
Red nuclei
Anterior quadrigeminal bodies
Substantia nigra
Posterior quadrigeminal bodies
Vestibular nuclei
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Urine analysis has shown high levels of protein and erythrocytes in urine. This can be caused by the following:
Effective filter pressure
Hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries
Renal filter permeability
Hydrostatic primary urine pressure in capsule
Oncotic pressure of blood plasma
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Along with normal hemoglobin types there can be pathological ones in the organism of an adult. Name one of them:
HbF
HbA2
Hb02
HbS
HbA1
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Development of both immune and allergic reactions is based upon the same mechanisms of immune system response to an antigen. What is the main difference between immune and allergic reactions?
Development of tissue lesion
Amount of released antigen
Routes by which antigens are delivered into the body
Hereditary predisposition
Antigen structure
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Histologic preparation stained with orcein demonstrates from 40 to 60 fenestrated elastic membranes within the middle coat of vessel. Name this vessel:
Muscular artery
Elastic artery
Muscular vein
Nonmuscular vein
Mixed type artery
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Angiocardiography of a 60-year-old man revealed constriction of a vessel located in the left coronary sulcus of the heart. Name this pathological vessel:
A. coronaria dextra
Ramus interventricularis anterior
Ramus interventricularis posterior
Ramus circumflexus
V. cordisparva
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A comatose patient was taken to the hospital. He has a history of diabetes melli-tus. Objectively: Kussmaul breathing, low blood pressure, acetone odor of breath. After the emergency treatment the patient’s condition improved. What drug had been administered?
Insulin
Adrenaline
Glibenclamide
Isadrinum
Furosemide
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A patient complains of pain in the right lateral abdomen. Palpation revealed a dense, immobile, tumor-like formation. The tumor is likely to be found in the following part of the digestive tube:
Colon transversum
Colon ascendens
Colon descendens
Caecum
Colon sigmoideum
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A patient hospitalized due to mercury intoxication presents with the following processes in the kidneys: focal necrotic changes of tubules of major renal regions, edema, leukocyte infiltration and hemorrhages in the interstitial tissue, venous congestion. What condition developed in the patient?
Acute glomerulonephritis
Chronic renal failure
Acute necrotic nephrosis
Chronic pyelonephritis
Acute pyelonephritis
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According to phenotypic diagnosis a female patient has been provisionally diagnosed with Xchromosome polysomia. This diagnosis can be confirmed by cytogenetic method. What karyotype will confirm the diagnosis?
46( XX )
47( XXY )
48( XXYY )
47(ХХХ)
48( XXXY )
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An uconscious young man in the state of morphine intoxication has been delivered into an admission room. The patient’s respi- ration is slow and shallow due to suppression of the respiratory center. What kind of respiratory failure occurred in this case?
Ventilatory restriction
Diffusion
Ventilatory obstruction
Perfusion
Ventilatory disregulation
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On histological examination of uterine mucosa the following is detected: sinuous glands, serratiform and corkscrew-shaped elongated growths of stroma with cell proliferation. Make the diagnosis:
Vesicular mole
Leiomyoma
Acute endometritis
Placental polyp
Glandular endometrial hyperplasia
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10 minutes after the beginning of heavy physical work a person demonstrates increase of erythrocyte number in blood from 4, 0 • 1012/l to 4, 5 • 1012/l. What is the cause of this phenomenon?
Erythrocytes exit from depot
Increase of cardiac output
Water loss
Erythropoiesis activation
Suppression of erythrocyte destruction
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A patient has a traumatic injury of sternocleidomastoid muscle. This has resulted in a decrease of the following value:
Functional residual lung capacity
Inspiratory reserve volume
Respiratory volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
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Autopsy of a 40-year-old woman, who died of cerebral hemorrhage during hypertensic crisis, revealed: upper-body obesity, hypertrichosis, hirsutism, stretchmarks on the skin of thighs and abdomen. Pituitary basophil adenoma is detected in the anterior lobe. What diagnosis is the most likely?
Simmonds’ disease
Essential hypertension
Alimentary obesity
Hypothalamic obesity
Cushing’s disease
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A specimen shows an organ covered with the connective tissue capsule with radiating trabeculae. There is also cortex containing lymph nodules, and medullary cords made of lymphoid cells. What organ is under study?
Tonsils
Spleen
Lymph node
Thymus
Red bone marrow
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After a craniocerebral injury a patient has lost the ability to recognize shapes of objects by touch (stereognosis). What area of cerebral cortex normally contains the relevant center?
Superior parietal lobule
Postcentral gyrus
Angular gyrus
Supramarginal gyrus
Inferior parietal lobule
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Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are widely used as psychopharmacological drugs. They change the level of nearly all neurotransmitters in synapses, with the following neurotransmitter being the exception:
Noradrenaline
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Adrenaline
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A worker of an agricultural enterprise had been suffering from an acute disease with aggravating intoxication signs, which resulted in his death. On autopsy: the spleen is enlarged, flaccid, dark cherry-red in the section, yields excessive pulp scrape. Soft meninges of fornix and base of the brain are edematous and saturated with blood (’’cardinal’s cap”). Microscopically: serous-hemorrhagic inflammation of meninges and cerebral tissues. Make the diagnosis:
Brucellosis
Anthrax
Plague
Tularemia
Cholera
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Autopsy of an 8-month-old boy, who died of severe pneumonia complicated with sepsis, revealed absence of thymus. Lymph nodes have no lymphoid follicles and cortical substance. In the spleen the follicles are decreased in size and have no light centers. What is the cause of such changes?
Accidental thymic involution
Thymus atrophy
Thymus aplasia
Thymus agenesis
Thymus hypoplasia
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A patient has been delivered into a surgical ward with an incised wound of the anterior surface of the shoulder in its lower one-third. Flexing function was disrupted in the shoulder and elbow joints, which is caused by the damage to the:
Triceps muscle of the arm
Biceps muscle of the arm
Anconeus muscle
Deltoid muscle
Coracobrachial muscle
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A 40-year-old patient suffers from bronchial asthma and prolonged tachycardia. Choose the optimal drug for rapid relief of bronchial spasm in the given case:
Ephedrine hydrochloride
Orciprenaline
Adrenalin hydrochloride
Isoprenaline (Isadrinum)
Salbutamol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with urolithiasis has developed severe pain attacks. For pain shock prevention he was administered an antispasmodic narcotic analgesic along with atropine. Name this drug:
Nalorphine
Promedol
Tramadol
Morphine hydrochloride
Ethylmorphine hydrochloride
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffers from acute cardiopulmonary failure with pulmonary edema. What diuretic should be prescribed in the given case?
Triamterene
Furosemide
Spironolactone
Hydrochlorothiazide (Dichlothiazidum)
Acetazolamide (Diacarb)
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with acute myocardial infarction has been administered heparin as a part of complex therapy. Some time after heparin injection the patient developed hematuria. What heparin antagonist should be injected to remove the complication?
Fibrinogen
Protamine sulfate
Aminocaproic acid
Vicasol
Neodicumarin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The key reaction of fatty acid synthesis is production of malonyl-CoA. What metabolite is the source of malonyl-CoA synthesis?
Citrate
Acetyl-CoA
Succinyl-CoA
Malonate
Acyl-CoA
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A family of healthy students, who have arrived from Africa, gave birth to a child with signs of anemia. The child has died shortly after. Examination has revealed that the child’s erythrocytes are abnormally crescent-shaped. The disease is characreri-zed by autosomal recessive inheritance. Determine the genotype of the child’s parents:
Аа х АА
Аа х аа
АА х АА
аа х аа
Аа х Аа
‹ Назад
Далі ›
At a certain stage of cell cycle chromosomes reach cellular poles, undergo despiralization; nuclear membranes are being formed around them; nucleolus is restored. What stage of mitosis is it?
Anaphase
Prometaphase
Telophase
Prophase
Metaphase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cardiac arrest occurred in a patient during a surgery of the small intestine. What regulatory mechamisms resulted in the cardiac arrest in this case?
Unconditioned sympathetic reflexes
Conditioned sympathetic reflexes
Metasympathetic reflexes
Unconditioned parasympathetic reflexes
Conditioned parasympathetic reflexes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Vestibular receptors of semicircular canals of an animal have been destroyed. What reflexes will disappear as a result?
Head-righting reflex
Statokinetic reflex during movements with linear acceleration
Body-righting reflex
Primary orienting reflex
Statokinetic reflex during movements with angular acceleration
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient working at a pig farm complains of paroxysmal abdominal pain, liquid feces with mucus and blood, headache, weakness, fever. Examination of large intestine revealed ulcers from 1 mm up to several cm in diameter, feces contained oval unicellular organisms with cilia. What disease can be suspected?
Balantidiasis
Toxoplasmosis
Trichomoniasis
Amebiasis
Lambliasis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Blood group of a 30-year-old man has been determined before a surgery. The blood was Rhesus-positive. Agglutination did not occur with standard 0 (I), А (II), and В (III) serums. The blood belongs to the following group:
-
В (III)
А (II)
0 (I)
АВ (IV)
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Histological specimen of a hemopoietic organ shows clusters of node- and bandshaped lymphocytes that along with stroma elements compose cortical and medullar substances. Name this organ:
Thymus
Spleen
Red bone marrow
Lymph node
Palatine tonsil
‹ Назад
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It is known that in catecholamine metabolism a special role belongs to monoamine oxidase ( MAO). This enzyme inactivates mediators (noadrenalin, adrenalin, dopamine) by :
Carboxylation
Hydrolysis
Oxidative deamination
Adjoining amino groups
Removing methyl groups
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cellular composition of exudate largely depends on the etiological factor of inflammation. What leukocytes are the first to be involved in the focus of inflammation caused by pyogenic bacteria?
Monocytes
Myelocytes
Eosinophilic granulocytes
Neutrophil granulocytes
Basophils
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A surgeon has detected inflammation of the Meckel’s diverticulum in a patient. During surgical invasion it can be located in the:
Colon
Sigmoid colon
Jejunum
Ileum
Duodenum
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient complains of acute pain attacks in the right lumbar region. During examination the nephrolithic obturation of the right ureter in the region between its abdominal and pelvic segments was detected. What anatomical boundary exists between those two segments?
Linea inguinalis
Linea semilunaris
Linea arcuata
Linea transversa
Linea terminalis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient died of cancerous cachexia with primary localization of cancer in the stomach. Autopsy revealed acutely enlarged liver with uneven surface and numerous protruding nodes; the nodes had clear margins in the section, rounded shape, gray-pink color, varying density, sometimes contained necrotic foci. Histologically: there are atypical cells in the nodes. What pathologic process occurred in the liver?
Hepatic cancer
Infarction
Abscesses
Regeneratory nodes
Cancer metastases
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has insufficient blood supply to the kidneys, which caused the development of pressor effect due to the constriction of arterial resistance vessels. This is the result of the vessels being greately affected by the following substance:
Renin
Norepinephrine
Angiotensinogen
Catecholamines
Angiotensin II
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Experimental stimulation of sympathetic nerve branches that innervate heart caused an increase in force of heart contractions because membrane of typical cardiomyocytes permitted an increase in:
Calcium ion exit
Potassium ion exit
Calcium ion entry
Calcium and potassium ion exit
Potassium ion entry
‹ Назад
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Parents of a 5-year-old child report him to have frequent colds that develop into pneumonias, presence of purulent rashes on the skin. Laboratory tests have revealed the following: absence of immunoglobulins of any type; naked cells are absent from the lymph nodes punctate. What kind of immune disorder is it?
X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia (Bruton type agammaglobulinemia)
Agranulocytosis
Autosomal recessive agammaglobulinaemia (Swiss type)
Louis-Barr syndrome
Hypoplastic anemia
‹ Назад
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A microslide contains the specimen of a gland composed of several secretory saccule-shaped parts that open in the common excretory duct. What gland is it?
Simple unbranched alveolar gland
Compound unbranched alveolar gland
Simple branched tubular gland
Compound branched alveolar gland
Simple branched alveolar gland
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Microelectrode technique allowed to register a potential following ”all-or-none” law and capable of undecremental spreading. Specify this potential:
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Receptor potential
Rest potential
Action potential
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a patient revealed hypertrophy and inflammation of lymphoid tissue, edema of mucous membrane between palatine arches (acute tonsillitis). What tonsil is normally situated in this area?
Tonsilla lingualis
Tonsilla tubaria
Tonsilla pharyngealis
Tonsilla palatina
-
‹ Назад
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Histological specimen of an ovary demonstrates a spherical structure composed of large glandular cells containing lutein. What hormone is produced by the cells of this structure?
Testosterone
Aldosterone
Progesterone
Corticosterone
Estrogens
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient, who has been subsisting exclusively on polished rice, has developed polyneuritis due to thiamine deficiency. What substance is an indicator of such avitaminosis, when it is excreted with urine?
Malate
Pyruvic acid
Phenyl pyruvate
Methylmalonic acid
Uric acid
‹ Назад
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When blood circulation in the damaged tissue is restored, lactate accumulation stops and glucose consumption decelerates. These metabolic changes are caused by activation of the following process:
Lipolysis
Glycogen biosynthesis
Gluconeogenesis
Aerobic glycolysis
Anaerobic glycolysis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 67-year-old patient complains of periodic heartache, dyspnea during light physical activities. ECG reveals extraordinary contractions of heart ventricles. Such arrhythmia is called:
Extrasystole
Bradycardia
Fibrillation
Flutter
Tachycardia
‹ Назад
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In investigation of serum proteins various physical and physicochemical methods can be used. In particular, serum albumins and globulins can be separated by the method of:
Polarography
Spectrography
Electrophoresis
Refractometry
Dialysis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Pupil dilation occurs when a person steps from a light room into a dark one. What reflex causes such a reaction?
Metasympathetic reflex
Sympathetic conditioned reflex
Sympathetic unconditioned reflex
Parasympathetic conditioned reflex
Parasympathetic unconditioned reflex
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cells of a person working in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone have undergone a mutation in DNA molecule. However, with time the damaged interval of DNA molecule has been restored to its initial structure with a specific enzyme. In this case the following occurred:
Replication
Repair
Transcription
Translation
Reverse transcription
‹ Назад
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Autopsy of a 5-year-old child revealed in the area of the vermis of cerebellum a soft grayishpink node 2 cm in diameter with blurred margins and areas of haemorrhage. Histologically this tumour consisted of atypical monomorphous small round cells with large polymorphous nuclei. What tumour is it?
Oligodendroglioma
Glioblastoma
Astrocytoma
Meningioma
Medulloblastoma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
When studying the signs of pulmonary ventilation, reduction of forced expiratory volume has been detected. What is the likely cause of this phenomenon?
Obstructive pulmonary disease
Increase of functional residual lung capacity
Increase of respiratory volume
Increase of inspiratory reserve volume
Increase of pulmonary residual volume
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A specimen of a parenchymal organ shows poorly delineated hexagonal lobules surrounding a central vein, and the interlobular connective tissue contains embedded triads (an artery, a vein and an excretory duct). What organ is it?
Liver
Pancreas
Thyroid
Spleen
Thymus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient had a trauma that caused dysfunction of motor centers regulating activity of head muscles. In what parts of cerebral cortex can these centers normally be located?
Superior part of precentral gyrus
Angular gyrus
Inferior part of precentral gyrus
Superior parietal lobule
Supramarginal gyrus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
At the post-mortem examination the stomach of a patient with renal failure was found to have a yellow-brown coating on the thickened mucosa. The coating was firmly adhering to its surface and had significant thickness. Microscopy revealed congestion and necrosis of mucosal and submucosal layers, fibrin presence. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Esogastritis
Corrosive gastritis
Fibrinous gastritis
Croupous gastritis
Gastric abscess
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 60-year-old man suffering from chronic hepatitis frequently observes nasal and gingival hemorrhages, spontaneous hemorrhagic rashes on the skin and mucosa. Such presentations result from:
Decreased synthesis of serum albumins
Increased blood content of aminotransferases
Decreased blood content of cholinesterase
Decreased synthesis of prothrombin and fibrinogen
Increased blood content of macroglobulins and cryoglobulins
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Leading symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism are osteoporosis and renal damage resulting in urolithiasis development. What substances are the basis of uroliths in such cases?
Bilirubin
Cholesterol
Calcium phosphate
Cystine
Uric acid
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An oncology department has admitted a patient with suspected pulmonary tumor. On examination a pathology localized within the lower lobe of the right lung was detected. How many bronchopulmonary segments are there in this lobe?
2
4
6
3
5
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 45-year-old woman suffers from arterial hypertension with high blood concentration of angiotensin II. What antihypertensive drug is the most recommended in the given case?
Verapamil
Lisinopril
Prazosin
Metoprolol
Reserpine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An alcoholic suffers from alcoholic psychosis with evident psychomotor agitation. What neuroleptic drug should be administered for emergency aid?
Diazepam
Aminazine
Sodium bromide
Reserpine
Halothane
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In one of Polessia regions there was an outbreak of helminthiasis manifested by cramps and facial edemas. The developed preventive measures in particular included ban for eating infested pork even after heat processing. What helminthiasis was the case?
Alveococcosis
Trichinosis
Teniasis
Echinococcosis
Taeniarhynchosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient demonstrates functional loss of nasal halves of the retinas. What area of visual pathways is affected?
Optic chiasm
Left optic nerve
Right optic nerve
Left optic tract
Right optic tract
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 26-year-old woman with bronchitis has been administered a broad spectrum antibiotic as a causal treatment drug. Specify this drug:
Dexamethasone
Doxycycline
BCG vaccine
Interferon
Ambroxol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 16-year-old young man suffering from seasonal allergic rhinitis has been prescribed a highly active second-generation H1 blocker, which can be characterized by absence of marked sedative action. Name this drug:
Loratadine
Indometacin
Chloropyramine (Suprastin)
Pipolphen
Erythromycin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 56-year-old woman with a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus revealed a disorder of protein metabolism that is manifested by aminoacidemia in the laboratory blood test values, and clinically by the delayed wound healing and decreased synthesis of antibodies. Which of the following mechanisms causes the development of aminoacidemia?
Increased proteolysis
Decrease in the concentration of amino acids in blood
Increase in low-density lipoprotein level
Increase in the oncotic pressure in the blood plasma
Albuminosis
‹ Назад
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A patient with injury sustained to a part of the central nervous system demonstrates disrupted coordination and movement amplitude, muscle tremor during volitional movements, poor muscle tone. What part of the central nervous system was injured?
Cerebellum
Mesencephalon
Prosencephalon
Oliencephalon
Medulla oblongata
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 36-year-old patient has been administered a depolarizing muscle relaxant during a surgery. Name this drug:
Aminazine
Proserin
Dithylinum
Pipecuronium bromide (Arduan)
Diazepam
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A man has suffered multiple bone fractures of his lower extremities during a traffic accident. During transportation to a hospital his condition was further aggravated: blood pressure decreased, there were signs of pulmonary artery embolism. What kind of embolism is the most likely in the given case?
Thromboembolism
Fat embolism
Gas embolism
Air embolism
Tissue embolism
‹ Назад
Далі ›
UN volunteers have arrived in Nigeria to assist the locals in aftermath of earthquakes. What drug should they prescribe for individual chemoprophylaxis of malaria?
Interferon (Laferon)
Pyrimethamine (Chloridinum)
Chingamin
Primaquine
Pyrantel
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After an extended treatment with sulfanamides a patient has developed macrocytic anemia. Production of active forms of the following vitamin is disrupted in such a condition:
Riboflavin
Folic acid
Cyanocobalamin
Thiamine
Pyridoxine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman resting in the countryside has been stung by a bee. Immediately after she developed pain in the stung area. In a few minutes there developed a vesicle, erythema and intense itch; later - urticaria and expiratory dyspnea. What factors resulted in the patient developing expiratory dyspnea?
Lysosomal enzymes
Adrenaline
Histamine
Hageman’s factor
Noradrenaline
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Autopsy of a 28-year-old patient, who had been suffering from rheumatism and died of heart failure, revealed pancarditis. Histological investigation of myocardium of the left ventricle posterior wall and interventricular septum detected perivascular cellular focal infiltrates composed of macrophages and creating palisade structures surrounding areas of fibrinoid necrosis. Determine the type of myocarditis:
Diffuse interstitial exudative
Granulomatous
-
Focal interstitial exudative
Diffuse interstitial productive
‹ Назад
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When ascending to the top of Elbrus, a mountain climber experiences oxygen starvation, dyspnea, palpitations, and numbness of the extremities. What kind of hypoxia has developed in the mountain climber?
Cardiac
Hypoxic
Circulatory
Hemic
Tissue
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 2-year-old boy is diagnosed with Down syndrome. What chromosomal changes can cause this disease?
Monosomy X
Trisomy 13
Trisomy 21
Trisomy X
Trisomy 18
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 62-year-old patient has been hospitalized due to massive cerebral hemorrhage. Blood pressure is 70/30 mm Hg, heart rate is 120/min., respiratory rate is 4/min., unconscious, no response to external stimuli. Such condition can be determined as:
Collapse
Agony
Stress
Shock
Coma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 3-year-old girl with mental retardation has been diagnosed with sphingomyelin lipidosis ( Niemann-Pick disease). In this condition synthesis of the following substance is disrupted :
Glycosyltransferase
Sphingosine
Ceramides
Gangliosides
Sphingomyelinase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
What condition may develop 15-30 minutes after re-administration of an antigen as a result of the increased level of antibodies, mainly IgE, that are adsorbed on the surface of target cells, namely tissue basophils (mast cells) and blood basophils?
Immune complex hyperresponsiveness
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
Serum sickness
Anaphylaxis
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Local anesthetics (novocaine, lidocaine and others) decreases pain sensitivity of tissues by blocking Na+ and K + ions from permeating membranes of nerve fibers and endings. Such mechanism of drug action is called:
Antienzyme
Membrane ionic
Direct chemical
Receptor
Enzyme
‹ Назад
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After a road accident a victim has tachycardia, arterial blood pressure 130/90 mm Hg, tachypnoe, the skin is pale and dry, excitation of central nervous system is observed. What shock stage is the patient most likely in?
Torpid
Erectile
Agony
Terminal
Preshock (compensation stage)
‹ Назад
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A woman complaining of sharp pain in her lower abdomen has been delivered into an admission room. A gynecologist on examination makes a provisional diagnosis of extrauterine pregnancy. What anatomical structure should be punctated to confirm diagnosis?
Intersigmoidal recess
Rectouterine pouch
Retropubic space
Utriculosaccular chamber
Recto-vesical pouch
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A passenger of a fixed-run taxi has a sudden and expressed attack of tachycardia. A doctor travelling by the same taxi has managed to slow down his heart rate by pressing upon the eyeballs and thus causing the following reflex:
Bainbridge reflex
Holtz’s reflex
Frank-Starling mechanism
Dagnini-Aschner reflex
Hering-Breuer reflex
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 47-year-old man developed intestinal colic against the background of essential hypertension. In this situation it would be the most efficient to arrest the colic by administering drugs of the following group:
Sympathomimetics
Myotropic antispasmodics
M-cholinomimetics
Adrenomimetics
Anticholinesterase agents
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A therapeutist has an appointment with a 40-year-old patient complaining of recurrent pain attacks in his hallux joints and their swelling. Urine analysis revealed its marked acidity and pink color. What substances can cause such changes in urine?
Calcium phosphate
Chlorides
Magnesium sulfate
Ammonium salts
Uric acid salt
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Exophthalmus observed during thyrotoxicosis is caused by accumulation of highly waterbinding substances within the retrobulbar tissues. Name these substances:
Kreatine
Glycosaminoglycans
Cholesterol
ATP
Phospholipids
‹ Назад
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A patient presents with dry peeling skin, frequent cases of acute respiratory diseases, xerophthalmia. What vitamin preparation should be prescribed in this case?
Menadione (Vikasolum)
Thiamine
Cyanocobalamin
Retinol acetate
Ergocalciferol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Parenchyma of an organ is composed of pseudounipolar neurons localized under the capsule of connective tissue. Central place belongs to nerve fibers. Name this organ:
Intramural ganglion
Sympathetic ganglion
Spinal ganglion
Spinal cord
Nerve trunk
‹ Назад
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A patient consulted a physician about chest pain, cough, fever. Roentgenography of lungs revealed eosinophilic infiltrates that were found to contain larvae. What kind of helminthiasis are these presentations typical of?
Trichinosis
Ascariasis
Fascioliasis
Echinococcosis
Cysticercosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During appendectomy a patient had the a. appendicularis ligated. This vessel branches from the following artery:
A. colica dextra
A. colica media
A. sigmoidea
A. ileocolica
A. mesenterica inferior
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with signs of osteoporosis and urolithiasis has been admitted to an endocrinology department. Blood test revealed hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. These changes are associated with abnormal synthesis of the following hormone:
Calcitriol
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Parathyroid hormone
Calcitonin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Prescription of penicillin G sodium salt has caused development of neurotoxic effects ( hallucinations, convulsions). Such reaction is the result of antagonism with the following neurotransmitter:
Adenosine
Serotonin
Dopamine
GABA
Acetylcholine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 30-year-old woman exhibits signs of virilism (growth of body hair, balding temples, menstrual disorders). This condition can be caused by overproduction of the following hormone:
Oxytocin
Relaxin
Prolactin
Oestriol
Testosterone
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During a surgery for femoral hernia a surgeon operates within the boundaries of femoral trigone. What structure makes up its upper margin?
Fascia lata
Lig. inguinale
Lig. pectinale
Arcus iliopectineus
Lig. lacunare
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Activation of a number of hemostatic factors occurs through their joining with calcium ions. What structural component allows for adjoining of calcium ions?
Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid
Monoamine-dicarboxylic acids
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
Hydroxyproline
Gamma-oxybutyric acid
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has arterial hypertension. What long-acting calcium channel blocker should be prescribed?
Reserpine
Atenolol
Octadine
Amlodipine
Pyrroxanum
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Material obtained from a patient contains several types of microorganisms (staphylococci and streptococci) causative of the patient’s disease. Name this type of infection:
Mixed infection
Superinfection
Reinfection
Consecutive infection
Coinfection
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A laboratory has been investigating virulence of a diphtheria agent. In the process of the experiment the infection was introduced intraperitoneally into test animals. The dosage of bacteria resulting in 95% mortality of test animals was found. What unit of virulence measurement was determined?
DLM
ID
LD5
DCL
LD50
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient complains of palpitations after stress. Pulse is 104/min., P-Q=0,12 seconds, there are no changes in QRS complex. What type of arrhythmia does the patient have?
Sinus arrhythmia
Sinus bradycardia
Extrasystole
Sinus tachycardia
Ciliary arrhythmia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient consulted a dentist about restricted mouth opening (trismus). He has a history of a stab wound of the lower extremity. What infection can cause these symptoms?
Tetanus
Tularemia
Brucellosis
Wound anaerobic infection
Whooping cough
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Patient’s systolic blood pressure is 90 mm Hg, diastolic - 70 mm Hg. Such blood pressure is caused by decrease of the following factor:
Pumping ability of the right heart
Pumping ability of the left heart
Total peripheral resistance
Vascular tone
Aortic compliance
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 29-year-old man with a knife wound of the neck presents with bleeding. During the initial dbridement of the wound a surgeon revealed the injury of a vessel situated along the lateral edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Specify this vessel:
A. carotis externa
V jugularis anterior
V. jugularis interna
A. carotis interna
V jugularis externa
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 6-year-old child suffers from delayed growth, disrupted ossification processes, decalcification of the teeth. What can be the cause?
Vitamin D deficiency
Insulin deficiency
Decreased glucagon production
Hyperthyroidism
Vitamin C deficiency
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient addressed a hospital with complaints of lost sensitivity of the skin of the little finger. What nerve is the most likely to be damaged?
Radial
Ulnar
Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
Median
Musculocutaneous
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 30-year-old patient’s blood test has revealed the following: erythrocyte count is 6 • 1012/l, hemoglobin is 10,55 mmol/l. Vaquez’s disease was diagnosed. Name the leading part of pathogenesis:
Acidosis
S12-deficiency
Hypoxia
Iron-deficiency
Neoplastic erythroid hyperplasia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Pancreas is known as a mixed gland. Endocrine functions include production of insulin by beta cells. This hormone affects metabolism of carbohydrates. What is its effect on the activity of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) and glycogen synthase (GS)?
It inhibits GP and activates GS
It activates GP and inhibits GS
It does not affect the activity of GP and GS
It inhibits both GP and GS
It activates both GP and GS
‹ Назад
Далі ›
This year influenza epidemic is characterised by patients’ body temperature varying from 36,9oC to 37,9oC. Such fever is called:
Moderate
Hyperpyretic
Apyretic
Subfebrile
High
‹ Назад
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Fructosuria is known to be connected with inherited deficiency of fructose 1-phosphate aldolase. What product of fructose metabolism will accumulate in the organism resulting in toxic action?
Glucose 1-phosphate
Fructose 1-phosphate
Glucose 6-phosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Fructose 1,6-biphosphate
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman complains of visual impairment. Examination revealed obesity in the patient and her fasting plasma glucose level is hyperglycemic. What diabetes complication can cause visual impairment/blindness?
Microangiopathy
Glomerulopathy
Macroangiopathy
Atherosclerosis
Neuropathy
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Administration of doxycycline hydrochloride has caused an imbalance of the symbiotic intestinal microflora. Specify the kind of imbalance caused by the antibiotic therapy:
Superimposed infection
Idiosyncrasy
Sensibilization
Bacteriosis
Dysbacteriosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cholesterol content in blood serum of a 12-year-old boy is 25 mmol/l. Anamnesis states hereditary familial hypercholesterolemia caused by synthesis disruption of receptor-related proteins for:
Very low-density lipoproteins
Low-density lipoproteins
Chylomicrons
High-density lipoproteins
Middle-density lipoproteins
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During recording of a spirogram a patient calmly exhaled. How do we call the volume of air remaining in the lungs?
Pulmonary residual volume
Functional residual capacity
Tidal volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Vital capacity of lungs
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 40-year-old woman was diagnosed with glomerulonephritis based on her clinical symptoms and the results of urine analysis. Anamnesis states chronic tonsillitis. What microorganisms are the most likely cause for the kidney damage in this case?
Escherichia
Meningococci
Mycoplasma
Staphylococci
Streptococci
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A man is suffering from diarrhea. In summer he spent his vacation in the south at the sea coast. Bacteria with the following properties were detected in his feces: gramnegative curved mobile monotrichous bacilli that do not produce spores or capsules. Bacilli are undemanding to nutrient medium but require alkaline reaction (рН 8,59,5). Described are the agents of the following enteric infection:
Colienteritis
Typhoid fever
Pseudotuberculosis
Cholera
Shigellosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An athlete (long-distance runner) during a contest developed a case of acute cardiac insufficiency. This pathology resulted from:
Direct damage to myocardium
Cardiac pressure overload
Disrupted coronary circulation
Cardiac volume overload
Pericardium pathology
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Parkinson’s disease is caused by disruption of dopamine synthesis. What brain structure synthesizes this neurotransmitter?
Red nucleus
Substantia nigra
Corpora quadrigemina
Globus pallidus
Hypothalamus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Name the halogen-containing antiseptic with fungicidal properties, which is used to treat dermatomycosis:
Iodine solution
Brilliant green
Formalin solution
Boric acid solution
Methylene blue
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Due to severe pain syndrome a patient was prescribed a narcotic analgesic. Name this drug:
Morphine
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Metamizole (Analgin)
Indometacin
Nimesulide
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During pathomorphological renal investigation of a patient, who for a long time had been suffering from osteomyelitis and died of progressing renal failure, the following was revealed: deposits of homogeneous eosinophilic masses in glomerular mesangium, arterial and arteriolar walls, and stroma, which colored red when stained with Congo red. What pathological process is this?
Amyloidosis
Calcinosis
Hyalinosis
Carbohydrate degeneration
Mucoid swelling
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During experiment a dog has developed conditioned digestive reflex in response to a sound stimulus. This conditioned reflex will not be exhibited anymore after the extirpation of the following areas of the cerebral hemispheres:
Temporal lobe on one side
Occipital lobe on one side
Temporal lobe on both sides
Parietal lobe on both sides
Occipital lobe on both sides
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Coenzym A participates in numerous important metabolic reactions. It is a derivative of the following vitamin:
Niacin
Calciferol
Pantothenic acid
Ubiquinone
Thiamine
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A patient diagnosed with acute dysentery has been treated for 3 days in an infectious diseases hospital. On admission there were complaints of high temperature, stomachache and fluid excrements with mucus up to 8-10 times a day. What sample should be taken for analysis?
Liquor
Bile
Blood
Feces
Urine
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A patient with arthritis has been prescribed an anti-inflammatory selective COX-2 inhibitor. Select this drug among those given below:
Phenylbutazone (Butadion)
Indometacin
Dimethylsulfoxide (Dimexid)
Celecoxib
Metamizole (Analgin)
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Далі ›
A person with the fourth blood group (genotype IAIB) has in erythrocytes both antigen A controlled by allele IA and antigen B controlled by allele IB. This phenomenon is an example of the following gene interation:
Codominance
Semidominance
Epistasis
Complementarity
Polymery
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A patient with diabetes mellitus suffers from persistently nonhealing surgical wound, which is a sign of disrupted tissue trophism. What is the cause of such disorder?
Disruption of protein metabolism regulation
Ketonemia
Hypoglycemia
Increased lipid catabolism
Anemia
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A patient with signs of intestinal infection (vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain) has been presenting with increasing symptoms of intoxication for three days. Papular rash appeared on the uncovered skin areas and spread to the torso. A doctor suspected pseudotuberculosis. What laboratory test allows confirming this diagnosis within the first week from the onset of disease?
Allergic
Biological
Bacteriological
Serological
Microscopic
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A microslide demonstrates an organ with its wall consisting of three membranes. The inner membrane has tubular glands and undergoes cyclic changes. Name this organ:
Urinary bladder
Uterus
Vagina
Ureter
Esophagus
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A patient with femoral neck fracture, who for a long time had to remain in bed in a forced ( supine) position, has developed dark-brown lesions along the backbone; soft tissues are swollen, in the areas of maceration there is a foul-smelling liquid. Name the clinicopathologic type of necrosis:
Infarction
Dry gangrene
Sequestrum
Coagulation necrosis
Bedsore
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A patient is 20 years old, an athlete. He addressed a doctor with complaints of fatigue, fever up to 38oC - 40oC. Objectively: the liver and spleen are enlarged, lymph nodes on palpation are slightly enlarged, dense, painless. Blood test: НЬ- 100 g/l; erythrocytes - 2,9 • 1012/l; leukocytes -4,4 • 109/l. Leukogram: 68% of blast cells. Cytochemical investigation of blast cells revealed negative reactions to glycogen, peroxidase, non-specific esterase, lipids. Name this disease:
Acute undifferentiated leukemia
Acute monoblastic leukemia
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
Acute myeloid leukemia
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Impression smear of mucosa biopsy material has been obtained from a patient with peptic ulcer disease of the stomach. Gram-negative arcuate bent microorganisms were detected, urease activity test was positive. What microorganisms were detected in the patient?
Leptospira
Treponema
Spirochete
Spirilla
Helicobacter
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A patient after disrupted cerebral circulation has developed paralysis. Choose the anticholinesterase drug to be prescribed in this case:
Methacin
Aceclidine
Proserin
Hexamethonium (Benzohexonium)
Cordiamin
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30 minutes after drinking mango juice a child suddenly developed a local swelling in the area of the soft palate, which impeded swallowing and, eventually, respiration. Mucosa of the swollen area was hyperemic and painless. Blood test revealed moderate eosinophilia. Body temperature was normal. Anamnesis states that the elder sister of the child has been suffering from bronchial asthma attacks. What kind of edema has developed in the child?
Alimentary
Cardiac
Hepatic
Allergic
Inflammatory
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During examination of a patient a doctor should use anatomical division of anterior abdominal wall into regions for more precise diagnostics. How many regions can abdomen be divided into?
8
6
9
5
4
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A child has a wound located posterior to the mastoid process. Bright red blood flows from the wound. Damaged are the branches of the following artery: A.
A. carotis interna
A. maxillaris
A. carotis externa
A. occipitalis
A. temporalis superior
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When investigating human saliva it is necessary to assess its hydrolytic properties. What substance should be used as a substrate in the process?
Fiber
Amino acids
Starch
Proteins
Fats
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