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A 35-year-old man has been delivered into a surgical ward with a suppurating wound in the neck, anterior to trachea (previsceral space). If a surgical operation is not performed urgently, there is a risk of infection spreading to:
Thoracic cavity - posterior mediastinum
Thoracic cavity - anterior mediastinum
Thoracic cavity - middle mediastinum
Retrovisceral space
Interaponeurotic suprasternal space
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Characteristic sign of glycogenosis is muscle pain during physical work. Blood examination usually reveals hypoglycemia. This pathology is caused by congenital deficiency of the following enzyme:
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
7- amylase
Glycogen phosphorylase
Lysosomal glycosidase
a-amylase
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Histologic specimen of a kidney demonstrates cells closely adjoined to the renal corpuscle in the distal convoluted tubule. Tbeir basement membrane is extremely thin and has no folds. These cells sense the changes in sodium content of urine and influence renin secretion occurring in juxtaglomerular cells. Name these cells:
Mesangial cells
Glomerular capillary endothelial cells
Macula densa cells
Juxtaglomerular cells
Podocytes
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Bacteriological analysis of tap water has resulted in the following: total bacterial count in 1,0 ml of water is 80, coli index is 3. What would be the conclusion?
The water quality is extremely doubtful
The water is polluted
The water is extremely polluted
The water is safe for consumption
The water quality is doubtful
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The process of metabolism in the human body produces active forms of oxygen, including superoxide anion radical O2. This anion is inactivated by the following enzyme:
Superoxide dismutase
Glutathione reductase
Glutathione peroxidase
Catalase
Peroxidase
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What kind of muscle contraction occurs in an upper limb during an attempt to lift a load beyond one’s strength?
Isometric
Phasic
Isotonic
Single
Auxotonic
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A patient suffers from high fever, apnoea, pain in the thorax on the right. Pleurocentesis yielded 700 ml of yellow-green viscous liquid. Make the diagnosis:
Pleural carcinomatosis
Hemorrhagic pleurisy
Serous pleurisy
Pleural empyema
Bronchial pneumonia
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A patient suffers from disrupted patency of the airways at the level of small and medium-sized bronchial tubes. What changes of acid-base balance can occur in the patient?
Respiratory acidosis
Acid-base balance remains unchanged
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
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Upon toxic damage of hepatic cells resulting in disruption of liver function the patient developed edemas. What changes of blood plasma are the main cause of edema development?
Decrease of fibrinogen conten
Decrease of albumin content
Decrease of globulin conten
Increase of albumin conten
Increase of globulin conten
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A 6-year-old child with suspected active tuberculous process has undergone diagnostic Mantoux test. What immunobi-ological preparation was injected?
Tularinum
Tuberculin
DTP vaccine
Td vaccine
BCG vaccine
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A 15-year-old boy has been diagnosed with acute viral hepatitis. What blood value should be determined to confirm acute affection of hepatic cells?
Erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR)
Aminotransferase activity (AST, ALT)
Unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin content
Protein fraction content
Cholesterol content
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A 53-year-old man is diagnosed with Paget’s disease. Concentration of oxyproli-ne in daily urine is sharply increased, which primarily means intensified disintegration of:
Keratin
Fibrinogen
Hemoglobin
Albumin
Collagen
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When taking exams students often have dry mouth. The mechanism that causes this state results from the following reflexes:
Conditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned peripheral
Unconditioned parasympathetic
Conditioned parasympathetic
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A patient has hoarseness of voice. During laryngoscopy a gray-white larynx tumor with papillary surface has been detected. Microscopic investigation has shown the following: growth of connective tissue covered with multilayer, strongly keratinized pavement epithelium, no cellular atypia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Fibroma
Angiofibroma
Angioma
Polyp
Papilloma
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During autopsy approximately 2,0 liters of pus have been found in the abdominal cavity of the body. Peritoneum is dull and of grayish shade, serous tunic of intestines has grayish-colored coating that is easily removable. Specify the most likely type of peritonitis in the patient:
Serous peritonitis
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Tuberculous peritonitis
Fibrinopurulent peritonitis
Hemorrhagic peritonitis
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Autopsy of a body revealed bone marrow hyperplasia of tubular and flat bones (pyoid marrow), splenomegaly (6 kg) and hepatomegaly (5 kg), enlargement of all lymph node groups. What disease are the identified changes typical of?
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Multiple myeloma
Hodgkin’s disease
Polycythemia vera
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A bacteriological laboratory has been investigating a sample of homemade dried fish that was the cause of severe food poisoning. Microscopy of the culture inoculated in Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealed microorganisms resembling a tennis racket. What diagnosis can be made?
Cholera
Botulism
Salmonellosis
Dysentery
Typhoid fever
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An infant has been diagnosed with microcephaly. Doctors suspect that this brain disorder developed due to the fact that the mother had been taking actinomycin D during her pregnancy. What germinal layers have been affected by this teratogen?
All germinal layers
Ectoderm
Entoderm
Mesoderm
Entoderm and mesoderm
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A patient demonstrates sharp decrease of pulmonary surfactant activity. This condition can result in:
Decreased airways resistance
Hyperoxemia
Increased pulmonary ventilation
Decresed work of expiratory muscles
Alveolar tendency to recede
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A patient is diagnosed with diabetic coma. Blood sugar is 18,44 mmol/1. What glucoseregulating drug should be prescribed in the given case?
Intermediate-acting insulin
Long-acting insulin
Sulfonylurea derivative
Rapid-acting insulin
Biguanide
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Initial inoculation of water in 1% peptone water resulted in growth of a thin film on the medium surface in 6 hours. Such cultural properties are characteristic of causative agent of the following disesase:
Dysentery
Plague
Tuberculosis
Cholera
Pseudotuberculosis
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An infant born prematurely 2 days ago presents with yellow coloring of skin and mucosa. Such a condition in the infant is caused by temporary deficiency of the following enzyme:
UDP-glucuronyl transferase
Heme synthetase
Aminolevulinate synthase
Biliverdine reductase
Heme oxygenase
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It has been determined that one of a pesticide components is sodium arsenate that blocks lipoic acid. Enzyme activity can be impaired by this pesticide. Name this enzyme:
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Glutathione peroxidase
Glutathione reductase
Methemoglobin reductase
Microsomal oxidation
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A 50-year-old woman diagnosed with cardiac infarction has been delivered into an intensive care ward. What enzyme will be the most active during the first two days?
Aspartate aminotransferase
LDHi
Alanine aminopeptidase
Alanine aminotransferase
LDH5
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Stool culture test of a 6-month-old bottlefed baby revealed a strain of intestinal rod-shaped bacteria of antigen structure 0-111. What diagnosis can be made?
Food poisoning
Colienteritis
Choleriform disease
Gastroenteritis
Dysentery-like disease
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Parents of a sick 5-year-old girl visited a genetic consultation. Karyotype investigation revealed 46 chromosomes. One chromosome of the 15th pair was abnormally long, having a part of the chromosome belonging to the 21st pair attached to it. What mutation occurred in this girl?
Inversion
Duplication
Deletion
Deficiency
Translocation
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A patient consulted a doctor with complaints of dyspnea occurring after physical exertion. Physical examination revealed anemia, paraprotein was detected among gamma globulins. What value should be determined in the patient’s urine to confirm the diagnosis of myeloma?
Bence Jones protein
Ceruloplasmin
Antitrypsin
Bilirubin
Hemoglobin
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A patient complaining of dizziness, thirst, difficult swallowing, and impaired vision of close objects has addressed a doctor. Objectively: respiratory rate is increased, pupils are dilated, general agitation, talkativeness, though the speech is indistinct. BP is 110/70 mm Hg, heart rate is 110/min. Given symptoms can indicate overdosage of the following drug:
Morphine
Ephedrine
Aminazine
Caffeine
Atropine
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A dry-cleaner’s worker has been found to have hepatic steatosis. This pathology can be caused by disruption of synthesis of the following substance:
Tristearin
Urea
Phosphatidic acid
Cholic acid
Phosphatidylcholine
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A 35-year-old man with peptic ulcer disease has undergone antrectomy. After the surgery secretion of the following gastrointestinal hormone will be disrupted the most:
Neurotensin
Gastrin
Secretin
Cholecystokinin
Histamine
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A 16-year-old adolescent is diagnosed with hereditary UDP (uridine diphosphate) glucuronyltransferase deficiency. Laboratory tests revealed hyperbilirubinemia caused mostly by increased blood content of the following substance:
Urobilinogen
Conjugated bilirubin
Stercobilinogen
Unconjugated bilirubin
Biliverdine
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A 60-year-old patient with a long history of atherosclerosis and a previous myocardial infarction developed an attack of retrosternal pain. 3 days later the patient was hospitalized and then died of progressive cardiovascular insufficiency. During autopsy a white fibrous depressed area about 3 cm in diameter with clear margi- ns was found within the area of posterior wall of the left ventricle and interventricular septum. The dissector considered these changes to be:
Myocardial infarction
Myocarditis
Myocardial ischemia
Myocardial degeneration
Focal cardiosclerosis
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A patient with hypertension has developed headache, tinnitus, vomiting, high BP up to 220/160 mm Hg. On examination: facial asymmetry on the right, volitional mobility is absent, increased tendon reflexes and muscle tone of extremities on the right. What motor disorder of nervous system occurred in this case?
Paraplegia
Hyperkinesis
Hemiplegia
Tetraplegia
Monoplegia
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A 7-year-old child in the state of allergic shock caused by a bee sting has been delivered into an emergency ward. High concentration of histamine was observed in blood. Production of this amine was the result of the following reaction:
Reduction
Hydroxylation
Decarboxylation
Dehydrogenation
Deaminization
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A 26-year-old woman consulted a doctor about having stool with white flat moving organisms resembling noodles. Laboratory analysis revealed proglottids with the following characteristics: long, narrow, with a longitudinal channel of the uterus with 17-35 lateral branches on each side. What kind of intestinal parasite was found?
Hymenolepis папа
Taenia solium
Taeniarhynchus saginatus
Echinococcus granulosus
Diphyllobothrium latum
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A man is 28 years old. Histological investigation of the cervical lymph node revealed a change of its pattern due to proliferation of epithelioid, lymphoid cells and macrophages with horseshoe-shaped nuclei. In the center of some cell clusters there were non-structured lightpink areas with fragments of nuclei. What disease are these changes typical of?
Actinomycosis
Tuberculosis
Hodgkin’s disease
Syphilis
Tumor metastasis
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Sex chromatin was detected during examination of a man’s buccal epithelium. It is characteristic of the following chromosome disease:
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Down’s disease
Hypophosphatemic rickets
Turner’s syndrome
Triple X syndrome
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A patient, having suffered a thermal burn, developed painful boils filled with turbid liquid in the skin. What morphological type of inflammation has developed in the patient?
Proliferative
Diphtheritic
Croupous
Granulomatous
Serous
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Autopsy of a man with tuberculosis revealed a 3x2 cm large cavity in the superior lobe of the right lung. The cavity was interconnected with a bronchus, its wall was dense and consisted of three layers: the internal layer was pyogenic, the middle layer was made of tuberculous granulation tissue and the external one was made of connective tissue. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Acute focal tuberculosis
Acute cavernous tuberculosis
Fibrous focal tuberculosis
Tuberculoma
Fibrous cavernous tuberculosis
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A 7-year-old child has acute onset of disease: temperature rise up to 38°C, rhinitis, cough, lacrimation, and large-spot rash on the skin. Pharyngeal mucosa is edematous, hyperemic, with whitish spots' in the buccal area. What kind of inflammation caused the changes in the buccal mucosa?
Suppurative inflammation
Hemorrhagic inflammation
Catarrhal inflammation
Fibrinous inflammation
Serous inflammation
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After a traffic accident a 36-year-old patient has developed muscle paralysis of the extremitis on the right, lost pain and thermal sensitivity on the left, and partially lost tactile sensitivity on both sides. What part of the brain is the most likely to be damaged?
Posterior horn of the spinal cord
Motor cortex on the left
Left-hand side of the spinal cord
Right-hand side of the spinal cord
Anterior horn of the spinal cord
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A 4-year-old child has been admitted to an orthopaedic department with displaced shin fracture. Bone fragments reposition requires analgesia. What drug should be chosen?
Promedol
Panadol
Morphine hydrochloride
-
Analgin
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While examining foot blood supply a doctor checks the pulsation of a large artery running in the separate fibrous channel in front of articulatio talocruralis between the tendons of long extensor muscles of hallux and toes. What artery is it?
A. tarsea lateralis
A. tibialis anterior
A. tarsea medialis
A. fibularis
A. dorsalis pedis
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Representatives of a certain human population can be characterized by elongated body, height variability, decreased volume of muscle mass, increased length of limbs, decreased size and volume of rib cage, increased perspiration, decreased indices of base metabolism and fat synthesis. What type of adaptive evolution is it?
Tropical
Arctic
Mountain
Intermediate
Moderate
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A 59-year-old woman has been hospiali- zed in a surgical ward due to exacerbation of chronic osteomyelitis of the left shin. Blood test: leukocytes - 15,0- 109/1. Leukogram: myelocytes - 0%, metamyelocytes - 8%, stab neutrophils - 28%, segmented neutrophils - 32%, lymphocytes 29 %, monocytes - 3%. Such blood count would be called :
Hyperregenerative left shift
Regenerative left shift
Degenerative left shift
Regenerative-degenerative left shift
Right shift
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A 41-year-old man has a history of recurrent attacks of heartbeats (paroxysms), profuse sweating, headaches. Examination revealed hypertension, hyperglycemia, increased basal metabolic rate, and tachycardia. These clinical presentations are typical of the following adrenal pathology:
Hypofunction of the adrenal cortex
Hyperfunction of the medulla
Hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex
Primary aldosteronism
Hypofunction of the medulla
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During autopsy of a man, who died of acute transmural cardiac infarction, the following has been detected on the pericardium surface: fibrous whitish-brown deposit connecting parietal and visceral pericardial layers. What kind of inflammation occurred in the pericardium?
Diphtheritic
Serous
Suppurative
Granulomatous
Croupous
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A 12-year-old child developed nephritic syndrome (proteinuria, hematuria, cyli-ndruria) 2 weeks after a case of tonsillitis, which is a sign of affected glomerular basement membrane in the kidneys. What mechanism is the most likely to cause the basement membrane damage?
Immune complex
Granulomatous
Reaginic
Antibody-mediated
Cytotoxic
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A man arrived into a traumatological department with a trauma of the right shoulder. Examination revealed a displaced humeral shaft fracture on the right in the middle one-third of the humerus; the patient cannot extend the fingers of his right hand. What nerve is damaged?
Median
Musculocutaneous
Radial
Axillary
Ulnar
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Work in a mine is known to cause inhalation of large amounts of coal dust. Inhaled coal dust can be detected in the following pulmonary cells:
Alveolar macrophages
Secretory epithelial cells
Respiratory epithelial cells
Capillary endothelial cells
Pericapillary cells
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What drug will be the most appropriate for a patient suffering from chronic gastritis with increased secretion?
Pirenzepine
Pancreatine
Pepsin
Chlorphentermine
Aprotinin
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A 63-year-old man, who has been suffering from chronic fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis for 24 years, has been delivered to a nephrology department with uremia. Intravital diagnostic test for amyloid in the kidneys was positive. What amyloidosis is it in this case?
Primary systemic
Localized (focal)
Senile
Secondary systemic
Hereditary (genetic)
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Cells of a healthy liver actively synthesize glycogen and proteins. What organelles are the most developed in them?
Granular and agranular endoplasmic reticulum
Cell center
Peroxisomes
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
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Immune-enzyme assay has detected HBs antigen in blood serum. What disease is it characteristic of?
Viral hepatitis type B
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
Viral hepatitis type A
AIDS
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A patient has been diagnosed with gonorrhea. As fluoroquinolones are the drugs of choce for treatment of gonorrhea the patient should be prescribed:
Sulfacarbamide (Urosulfanum)
Cefazolin
Fluorouracil
Furazolidone
Ciprofloxacin
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Autopsy of a Middle-Eastern woman, who had been suffering from wasting fever for a long time, revealed enlarged blackened liver and spleen. Bone marrow was hyperplastic and blackcolored as well. Cerebral cortex was smoky grey. What disease is it characteristic of?
Malaria
Epidemic typhus
Sepsis
AIDS
Hepatitis
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Human red blood cells contain no mitochondria. What is the main pathway for ATP production in these cells?
Oxidative phosphorylation
Anaerobic glycolysis
Cyclase reaction
Creatine kinase reaction
Aerobic glycolysis
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Atria of an experimental animal were superdistended with blood, which resulted in decreased reabsorption of Na+ and water in renal tubules. This can be explained by the influence of the following factor on kidneys:
Angiotensin
Natriuretic hormone
Aldosterone
Vasopressin
Renin
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A woman gave birth to a stillborn baby with numerous malformations. What protozoan disease could cause intrauterine death?
Malaria
Leishmaniasis
Toxoplasmosis
Lambliasis
Amebiasis
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A 42-year-old patient complains of pain in the epigastral area, vomiting; vomit masses have the color of coffee-grounds; the patient suffers from melena. Anamnesis records gastric ulcer disease. Blood formula: erythrocytes - 2,8 • 1012/l, leukocytes -8 • 109/l, Hb- 90 g/l. What complication is it?
Penetration
Canceration
Perforation
Hemorrhage
Pyloric stenosis
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A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of virus B hepatitis. Serological reaction based on complementation of antigen with antibody chemically bound to peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase was used for disease diagnostics. What is the name of the applied serological reaction?
Immunofluorescence test
Radioimmunoassay
Antigen-binding assay
Bordet-Gengou test
Immune-enzyme analysis
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A patient with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus has been administered insulin. After a certain period of time the patient developed fatigue, irritability, excessive sweating. What is the main mechanism of such presentations developing?
Carbohydrate starvation of the brain
Decreased glyconeogenesis
Increased glycogenolysis
Increased ketogenesis
Increased lipogenesis
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Examination of a 52-year-old woman has revealed a decrease in the amount of red blood cells and an increase in free hemoglobin in the blood plasma (hemoglobinemia). Color index is 0,85. What type of anemia is being observed in the patient?
Anemia due to diminished erythropoiesis
Acute hemorrhagic
Hereditary hemolytic
Chronic hemorrhagic
Acquired hemolytic
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Poisoning caused by mercury (II) chloride (corrosive sublimate) occurred in the result of safety rules violation. In 2 days the patient’s diurnal diuresis was 620 ml. The patient developed headache, vomiting, convulsions, dyspnea; moist crackles were observed in the lungs. Name this pathology:
Chronic renal failure
Pyelonephritis
Acute renal failure
Glomerulonephritis
Uremic coma
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For people adapted to high external temperatures profuse sweating is not accompanied by loss of large volumes of sodium chloride. This is caused by the effect the following hormone has on perspiratory glands:
Vasopressin
Natriuretic
Tgyroxin
Aldosterone
Cortisol
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The processes of heat transfer in a naked person at room temperature have been studied. It was revealed that under these conditions the greatest amount of heat is transferred by:
Heat conduction
Heat radiation
Convection
Evaporation
-
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Due to destruction of certain structures of the brainstem an animal has lost its orientation reflexes in response to strong light stimuli. What structures were destroyed?
Vestibular nuclei
Anterior quadrigeminal bodies
Red nuclei
Posterior quadrigeminal bodies
Substantia nigra
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Urine analysis has shown high levels of protein and erythrocytes in urine. This can be caused by the following:
Hydrostatic primary urine pressure in capsule
Renal filter permeability
Effective filter pressure
Hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries
Oncotic pressure of blood plasma
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Along with normal hemoglobin types there can be pathological ones in the organism of an adult. Name one of them:
HbF
Hb02
HbS
HbA2
HbA1
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Development of both immune and allergic reactions is based upon the same mechanisms of immune system response to an antigen. What is the main difference between immune and allergic reactions?
Amount of released antigen
Hereditary predisposition
Development of tissue lesion
Routes by which antigens are delivered into the body
Antigen structure
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Histologic preparation stained with orcein demonstrates from 40 to 60 fenestrated elastic membranes within the middle coat of vessel. Name this vessel:
Nonmuscular vein
Elastic artery
Muscular vein
Muscular artery
Mixed type artery
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Angiocardiography of a 60-year-old man revealed constriction of a vessel located in the left coronary sulcus of the heart. Name this pathological vessel:
Ramus interventricularis posterior
A. coronaria dextra
V. cordisparva
Ramus interventricularis anterior
Ramus circumflexus
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A comatose patient was taken to the hospital. He has a history of diabetes melli-tus. Objectively: Kussmaul breathing, low blood pressure, acetone odor of breath. After the emergency treatment the patient’s condition improved. What drug had been administered?
Adrenaline
Glibenclamide
Furosemide
Isadrinum
Insulin
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A patient complains of pain in the right lateral abdomen. Palpation revealed a dense, immobile, tumor-like formation. The tumor is likely to be found in the following part of the digestive tube:
Caecum
Colon descendens
Colon ascendens
Colon transversum
Colon sigmoideum
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A patient hospitalized due to mercury intoxication presents with the following processes in the kidneys: focal necrotic changes of tubules of major renal regions, edema, leukocyte infiltration and hemorrhages in the interstitial tissue, venous congestion. What condition developed in the patient?
Acute necrotic nephrosis
Chronic renal failure
Chronic pyelonephritis
Acute pyelonephritis
Acute glomerulonephritis
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According to phenotypic diagnosis a female patient has been provisionally diagnosed with Xchromosome polysomia. This diagnosis can be confirmed by cytogenetic method. What karyotype will confirm the diagnosis?
48( XXXY )
47(ХХХ)
46( XX )
47( XXY )
48( XXYY )
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An uconscious young man in the state of morphine intoxication has been delivered into an admission room. The patient’s respi- ration is slow and shallow due to suppression of the respiratory center. What kind of respiratory failure occurred in this case?
Perfusion
Diffusion
Ventilatory disregulation
Ventilatory obstruction
Ventilatory restriction
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On histological examination of uterine mucosa the following is detected: sinuous glands, serratiform and corkscrew-shaped elongated growths of stroma with cell proliferation. Make the diagnosis:
Vesicular mole
Glandular endometrial hyperplasia
Acute endometritis
Leiomyoma
Placental polyp
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10 minutes after the beginning of heavy physical work a person demonstrates increase of erythrocyte number in blood from 4, 0 • 1012/l to 4, 5 • 1012/l. What is the cause of this phenomenon?
Erythropoiesis activation
Increase of cardiac output
Erythrocytes exit from depot
Water loss
Suppression of erythrocyte destruction
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A patient has a traumatic injury of sternocleidomastoid muscle. This has resulted in a decrease of the following value:
Residual volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Respiratory volume
Functional residual lung capacity
Inspiratory reserve volume
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Autopsy of a 40-year-old woman, who died of cerebral hemorrhage during hypertensic crisis, revealed: upper-body obesity, hypertrichosis, hirsutism, stretchmarks on the skin of thighs and abdomen. Pituitary basophil adenoma is detected in the anterior lobe. What diagnosis is the most likely?
Essential hypertension
Hypothalamic obesity
Simmonds’ disease
Cushing’s disease
Alimentary obesity
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A specimen shows an organ covered with the connective tissue capsule with radiating trabeculae. There is also cortex containing lymph nodules, and medullary cords made of lymphoid cells. What organ is under study?
Spleen
Lymph node
Tonsils
Thymus
Red bone marrow
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After a craniocerebral injury a patient has lost the ability to recognize shapes of objects by touch (stereognosis). What area of cerebral cortex normally contains the relevant center?
Superior parietal lobule
Postcentral gyrus
Inferior parietal lobule
Angular gyrus
Supramarginal gyrus
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Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are widely used as psychopharmacological drugs. They change the level of nearly all neurotransmitters in synapses, with the following neurotransmitter being the exception:
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Serotonin
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
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A worker of an agricultural enterprise had been suffering from an acute disease with aggravating intoxication signs, which resulted in his death. On autopsy: the spleen is enlarged, flaccid, dark cherry-red in the section, yields excessive pulp scrape. Soft meninges of fornix and base of the brain are edematous and saturated with blood (’’cardinal’s cap”). Microscopically: serous-hemorrhagic inflammation of meninges and cerebral tissues. Make the diagnosis:
Anthrax
Brucellosis
Cholera
Plague
Tularemia
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Autopsy of an 8-month-old boy, who died of severe pneumonia complicated with sepsis, revealed absence of thymus. Lymph nodes have no lymphoid follicles and cortical substance. In the spleen the follicles are decreased in size and have no light centers. What is the cause of such changes?
Accidental thymic involution
Thymus atrophy
Thymus aplasia
Thymus hypoplasia
Thymus agenesis
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A patient has been delivered into a surgical ward with an incised wound of the anterior surface of the shoulder in its lower one-third. Flexing function was disrupted in the shoulder and elbow joints, which is caused by the damage to the:
Triceps muscle of the arm
Anconeus muscle
Coracobrachial muscle
Biceps muscle of the arm
Deltoid muscle
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A 40-year-old patient suffers from bronchial asthma and prolonged tachycardia. Choose the optimal drug for rapid relief of bronchial spasm in the given case:
Ephedrine hydrochloride
Orciprenaline
Isoprenaline (Isadrinum)
Salbutamol
Adrenalin hydrochloride
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with urolithiasis has developed severe pain attacks. For pain shock prevention he was administered an antispasmodic narcotic analgesic along with atropine. Name this drug:
Tramadol
Ethylmorphine hydrochloride
Morphine hydrochloride
Nalorphine
Promedol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffers from acute cardiopulmonary failure with pulmonary edema. What diuretic should be prescribed in the given case?
Hydrochlorothiazide (Dichlothiazidum)
Furosemide
Acetazolamide (Diacarb)
Spironolactone
Triamterene
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with acute myocardial infarction has been administered heparin as a part of complex therapy. Some time after heparin injection the patient developed hematuria. What heparin antagonist should be injected to remove the complication?
Fibrinogen
Vicasol
Neodicumarin
Protamine sulfate
Aminocaproic acid
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The key reaction of fatty acid synthesis is production of malonyl-CoA. What metabolite is the source of malonyl-CoA synthesis?
Malonate
Citrate
Acyl-CoA
Succinyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A family of healthy students, who have arrived from Africa, gave birth to a child with signs of anemia. The child has died shortly after. Examination has revealed that the child’s erythrocytes are abnormally crescent-shaped. The disease is characreri-zed by autosomal recessive inheritance. Determine the genotype of the child’s parents:
Аа х АА
Аа х аа
Аа х Аа
аа х аа
АА х АА
‹ Назад
Далі ›
At a certain stage of cell cycle chromosomes reach cellular poles, undergo despiralization; nuclear membranes are being formed around them; nucleolus is restored. What stage of mitosis is it?
Prometaphase
Telophase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cardiac arrest occurred in a patient during a surgery of the small intestine. What regulatory mechamisms resulted in the cardiac arrest in this case?
Unconditioned parasympathetic reflexes
Conditioned sympathetic reflexes
Conditioned parasympathetic reflexes
Metasympathetic reflexes
Unconditioned sympathetic reflexes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Vestibular receptors of semicircular canals of an animal have been destroyed. What reflexes will disappear as a result?
Statokinetic reflex during movements with angular acceleration
Primary orienting reflex
Head-righting reflex
Statokinetic reflex during movements with linear acceleration
Body-righting reflex
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient working at a pig farm complains of paroxysmal abdominal pain, liquid feces with mucus and blood, headache, weakness, fever. Examination of large intestine revealed ulcers from 1 mm up to several cm in diameter, feces contained oval unicellular organisms with cilia. What disease can be suspected?
Lambliasis
Trichomoniasis
Amebiasis
Toxoplasmosis
Balantidiasis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Blood group of a 30-year-old man has been determined before a surgery. The blood was Rhesus-positive. Agglutination did not occur with standard 0 (I), А (II), and В (III) serums. The blood belongs to the following group:
АВ (IV)
В (III)
А (II)
-
0 (I)
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Histological specimen of a hemopoietic organ shows clusters of node- and bandshaped lymphocytes that along with stroma elements compose cortical and medullar substances. Name this organ:
Thymus
Spleen
Red bone marrow
Lymph node
Palatine tonsil
‹ Назад
Далі ›
It is known that in catecholamine metabolism a special role belongs to monoamine oxidase ( MAO). This enzyme inactivates mediators (noadrenalin, adrenalin, dopamine) by :
Hydrolysis
Oxidative deamination
Adjoining amino groups
Removing methyl groups
Carboxylation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cellular composition of exudate largely depends on the etiological factor of inflammation. What leukocytes are the first to be involved in the focus of inflammation caused by pyogenic bacteria?
Neutrophil granulocytes
Monocytes
Basophils
Eosinophilic granulocytes
Myelocytes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A surgeon has detected inflammation of the Meckel’s diverticulum in a patient. During surgical invasion it can be located in the:
Duodenum
Colon
Sigmoid colon
Jejunum
Ileum
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient complains of acute pain attacks in the right lumbar region. During examination the nephrolithic obturation of the right ureter in the region between its abdominal and pelvic segments was detected. What anatomical boundary exists between those two segments?
Linea terminalis
Linea arcuata
Linea semilunaris
Linea inguinalis
Linea transversa
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient died of cancerous cachexia with primary localization of cancer in the stomach. Autopsy revealed acutely enlarged liver with uneven surface and numerous protruding nodes; the nodes had clear margins in the section, rounded shape, gray-pink color, varying density, sometimes contained necrotic foci. Histologically: there are atypical cells in the nodes. What pathologic process occurred in the liver?
Infarction
Abscesses
Regeneratory nodes
Cancer metastases
Hepatic cancer
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has insufficient blood supply to the kidneys, which caused the development of pressor effect due to the constriction of arterial resistance vessels. This is the result of the vessels being greately affected by the following substance:
Angiotensin II
Angiotensinogen
Catecholamines
Norepinephrine
Renin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Experimental stimulation of sympathetic nerve branches that innervate heart caused an increase in force of heart contractions because membrane of typical cardiomyocytes permitted an increase in:
Calcium ion entry
Potassium ion exit
Calcium ion exit
Calcium and potassium ion exit
Potassium ion entry
‹ Назад
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Parents of a 5-year-old child report him to have frequent colds that develop into pneumonias, presence of purulent rashes on the skin. Laboratory tests have revealed the following: absence of immunoglobulins of any type; naked cells are absent from the lymph nodes punctate. What kind of immune disorder is it?
Hypoplastic anemia
Agranulocytosis
Autosomal recessive agammaglobulinaemia (Swiss type)
Louis-Barr syndrome
X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia (Bruton type agammaglobulinemia)
‹ Назад
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A microslide contains the specimen of a gland composed of several secretory saccule-shaped parts that open in the common excretory duct. What gland is it?
Compound unbranched alveolar gland
Compound branched alveolar gland
Simple branched alveolar gland
Simple branched tubular gland
Simple unbranched alveolar gland
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Microelectrode technique allowed to register a potential following ”all-or-none” law and capable of undecremental spreading. Specify this potential:
Receptor potential
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Rest potential
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Action potential
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a patient revealed hypertrophy and inflammation of lymphoid tissue, edema of mucous membrane between palatine arches (acute tonsillitis). What tonsil is normally situated in this area?
Tonsilla tubaria
Tonsilla pharyngealis
-
Tonsilla palatina
Tonsilla lingualis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Histological specimen of an ovary demonstrates a spherical structure composed of large glandular cells containing lutein. What hormone is produced by the cells of this structure?
Corticosterone
Progesterone
Estrogens
Aldosterone
Testosterone
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient, who has been subsisting exclusively on polished rice, has developed polyneuritis due to thiamine deficiency. What substance is an indicator of such avitaminosis, when it is excreted with urine?
Methylmalonic acid
Phenyl pyruvate
Pyruvic acid
Uric acid
Malate
‹ Назад
Далі ›
When blood circulation in the damaged tissue is restored, lactate accumulation stops and glucose consumption decelerates. These metabolic changes are caused by activation of the following process:
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogen biosynthesis
Anaerobic glycolysis
Aerobic glycolysis
Lipolysis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 67-year-old patient complains of periodic heartache, dyspnea during light physical activities. ECG reveals extraordinary contractions of heart ventricles. Such arrhythmia is called:
Fibrillation
Flutter
Extrasystole
Tachycardia
Bradycardia
‹ Назад
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In investigation of serum proteins various physical and physicochemical methods can be used. In particular, serum albumins and globulins can be separated by the method of:
Spectrography
Polarography
Dialysis
Refractometry
Electrophoresis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Pupil dilation occurs when a person steps from a light room into a dark one. What reflex causes such a reaction?
Parasympathetic unconditioned reflex
Sympathetic conditioned reflex
Metasympathetic reflex
Parasympathetic conditioned reflex
Sympathetic unconditioned reflex
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cells of a person working in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone have undergone a mutation in DNA molecule. However, with time the damaged interval of DNA molecule has been restored to its initial structure with a specific enzyme. In this case the following occurred:
Reverse transcription
Transcription
Replication
Translation
Repair
‹ Назад
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Autopsy of a 5-year-old child revealed in the area of the vermis of cerebellum a soft grayishpink node 2 cm in diameter with blurred margins and areas of haemorrhage. Histologically this tumour consisted of atypical monomorphous small round cells with large polymorphous nuclei. What tumour is it?
Oligodendroglioma
Medulloblastoma
Meningioma
Astrocytoma
Glioblastoma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
When studying the signs of pulmonary ventilation, reduction of forced expiratory volume has been detected. What is the likely cause of this phenomenon?
Obstructive pulmonary disease
Increase of respiratory volume
Increase of functional residual lung capacity
Increase of pulmonary residual volume
Increase of inspiratory reserve volume
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A specimen of a parenchymal organ shows poorly delineated hexagonal lobules surrounding a central vein, and the interlobular connective tissue contains embedded triads (an artery, a vein and an excretory duct). What organ is it?
Thyroid
Thymus
Spleen
Liver
Pancreas
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient had a trauma that caused dysfunction of motor centers regulating activity of head muscles. In what parts of cerebral cortex can these centers normally be located?
Superior parietal lobule
Inferior part of precentral gyrus
Angular gyrus
Supramarginal gyrus
Superior part of precentral gyrus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
At the post-mortem examination the stomach of a patient with renal failure was found to have a yellow-brown coating on the thickened mucosa. The coating was firmly adhering to its surface and had significant thickness. Microscopy revealed congestion and necrosis of mucosal and submucosal layers, fibrin presence. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Esogastritis
Croupous gastritis
Gastric abscess
Corrosive gastritis
Fibrinous gastritis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 60-year-old man suffering from chronic hepatitis frequently observes nasal and gingival hemorrhages, spontaneous hemorrhagic rashes on the skin and mucosa. Such presentations result from:
Increased blood content of macroglobulins and cryoglobulins
Decreased synthesis of prothrombin and fibrinogen
Decreased blood content of cholinesterase
Increased blood content of aminotransferases
Decreased synthesis of serum albumins
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Leading symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism are osteoporosis and renal damage resulting in urolithiasis development. What substances are the basis of uroliths in such cases?
Uric acid
Bilirubin
Calcium phosphate
Cystine
Cholesterol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An oncology department has admitted a patient with suspected pulmonary tumor. On examination a pathology localized within the lower lobe of the right lung was detected. How many bronchopulmonary segments are there in this lobe?
4
6
5
2
3
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 45-year-old woman suffers from arterial hypertension with high blood concentration of angiotensin II. What antihypertensive drug is the most recommended in the given case?
Reserpine
Metoprolol
Lisinopril
Verapamil
Prazosin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An alcoholic suffers from alcoholic psychosis with evident psychomotor agitation. What neuroleptic drug should be administered for emergency aid?
Sodium bromide
Diazepam
Aminazine
Halothane
Reserpine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In one of Polessia regions there was an outbreak of helminthiasis manifested by cramps and facial edemas. The developed preventive measures in particular included ban for eating infested pork even after heat processing. What helminthiasis was the case?
Echinococcosis
Alveococcosis
Taeniarhynchosis
Trichinosis
Teniasis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient demonstrates functional loss of nasal halves of the retinas. What area of visual pathways is affected?
Left optic tract
Right optic nerve
Left optic nerve
Right optic tract
Optic chiasm
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 26-year-old woman with bronchitis has been administered a broad spectrum antibiotic as a causal treatment drug. Specify this drug:
BCG vaccine
Doxycycline
Ambroxol
Interferon
Dexamethasone
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 16-year-old young man suffering from seasonal allergic rhinitis has been prescribed a highly active second-generation H1 blocker, which can be characterized by absence of marked sedative action. Name this drug:
Loratadine
Chloropyramine (Suprastin)
Indometacin
Erythromycin
Pipolphen
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 56-year-old woman with a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus revealed a disorder of protein metabolism that is manifested by aminoacidemia in the laboratory blood test values, and clinically by the delayed wound healing and decreased synthesis of antibodies. Which of the following mechanisms causes the development of aminoacidemia?
Increase in low-density lipoprotein level
Increased proteolysis
Increase in the oncotic pressure in the blood plasma
Decrease in the concentration of amino acids in blood
Albuminosis
‹ Назад
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A patient with injury sustained to a part of the central nervous system demonstrates disrupted coordination and movement amplitude, muscle tremor during volitional movements, poor muscle tone. What part of the central nervous system was injured?
Oliencephalon
Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 36-year-old patient has been administered a depolarizing muscle relaxant during a surgery. Name this drug:
Diazepam
Pipecuronium bromide (Arduan)
Proserin
Aminazine
Dithylinum
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A man has suffered multiple bone fractures of his lower extremities during a traffic accident. During transportation to a hospital his condition was further aggravated: blood pressure decreased, there were signs of pulmonary artery embolism. What kind of embolism is the most likely in the given case?
Tissue embolism
Thromboembolism
Gas embolism
Air embolism
Fat embolism
‹ Назад
Далі ›
UN volunteers have arrived in Nigeria to assist the locals in aftermath of earthquakes. What drug should they prescribe for individual chemoprophylaxis of malaria?
Pyrantel
Chingamin
Primaquine
Interferon (Laferon)
Pyrimethamine (Chloridinum)
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After an extended treatment with sulfanamides a patient has developed macrocytic anemia. Production of active forms of the following vitamin is disrupted in such a condition:
Pyridoxine
Folic acid
Riboflavin
Thiamine
Cyanocobalamin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman resting in the countryside has been stung by a bee. Immediately after she developed pain in the stung area. In a few minutes there developed a vesicle, erythema and intense itch; later - urticaria and expiratory dyspnea. What factors resulted in the patient developing expiratory dyspnea?
Lysosomal enzymes
Noradrenaline
Hageman’s factor
Adrenaline
Histamine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Autopsy of a 28-year-old patient, who had been suffering from rheumatism and died of heart failure, revealed pancarditis. Histological investigation of myocardium of the left ventricle posterior wall and interventricular septum detected perivascular cellular focal infiltrates composed of macrophages and creating palisade structures surrounding areas of fibrinoid necrosis. Determine the type of myocarditis:
-
Granulomatous
Diffuse interstitial productive
Diffuse interstitial exudative
Focal interstitial exudative
‹ Назад
Далі ›
When ascending to the top of Elbrus, a mountain climber experiences oxygen starvation, dyspnea, palpitations, and numbness of the extremities. What kind of hypoxia has developed in the mountain climber?
Cardiac
Hemic
Hypoxic
Circulatory
Tissue
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 2-year-old boy is diagnosed with Down syndrome. What chromosomal changes can cause this disease?
Trisomy X
Trisomy 21
Trisomy 13
Monosomy X
Trisomy 18
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 62-year-old patient has been hospitalized due to massive cerebral hemorrhage. Blood pressure is 70/30 mm Hg, heart rate is 120/min., respiratory rate is 4/min., unconscious, no response to external stimuli. Such condition can be determined as:
Coma
Shock
Stress
Agony
Collapse
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 3-year-old girl with mental retardation has been diagnosed with sphingomyelin lipidosis ( Niemann-Pick disease). In this condition synthesis of the following substance is disrupted :
Sphingomyelinase
Ceramides
Sphingosine
Gangliosides
Glycosyltransferase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
What condition may develop 15-30 minutes after re-administration of an antigen as a result of the increased level of antibodies, mainly IgE, that are adsorbed on the surface of target cells, namely tissue basophils (mast cells) and blood basophils?
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Serum sickness
Immune complex hyperresponsiveness
Anaphylaxis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Local anesthetics (novocaine, lidocaine and others) decreases pain sensitivity of tissues by blocking Na+ and K + ions from permeating membranes of nerve fibers and endings. Such mechanism of drug action is called:
Membrane ionic
Receptor
Direct chemical
Enzyme
Antienzyme
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After a road accident a victim has tachycardia, arterial blood pressure 130/90 mm Hg, tachypnoe, the skin is pale and dry, excitation of central nervous system is observed. What shock stage is the patient most likely in?
Erectile
Preshock (compensation stage)
Agony
Torpid
Terminal
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman complaining of sharp pain in her lower abdomen has been delivered into an admission room. A gynecologist on examination makes a provisional diagnosis of extrauterine pregnancy. What anatomical structure should be punctated to confirm diagnosis?
Recto-vesical pouch
Retropubic space
Rectouterine pouch
Utriculosaccular chamber
Intersigmoidal recess
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A passenger of a fixed-run taxi has a sudden and expressed attack of tachycardia. A doctor travelling by the same taxi has managed to slow down his heart rate by pressing upon the eyeballs and thus causing the following reflex:
Bainbridge reflex
Hering-Breuer reflex
Holtz’s reflex
Frank-Starling mechanism
Dagnini-Aschner reflex
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 47-year-old man developed intestinal colic against the background of essential hypertension. In this situation it would be the most efficient to arrest the colic by administering drugs of the following group:
Myotropic antispasmodics
M-cholinomimetics
Sympathomimetics
Anticholinesterase agents
Adrenomimetics
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A therapeutist has an appointment with a 40-year-old patient complaining of recurrent pain attacks in his hallux joints and their swelling. Urine analysis revealed its marked acidity and pink color. What substances can cause such changes in urine?
Chlorides
Uric acid salt
Magnesium sulfate
Calcium phosphate
Ammonium salts
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Exophthalmus observed during thyrotoxicosis is caused by accumulation of highly waterbinding substances within the retrobulbar tissues. Name these substances:
Phospholipids
ATP
Kreatine
Glycosaminoglycans
Cholesterol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient presents with dry peeling skin, frequent cases of acute respiratory diseases, xerophthalmia. What vitamin preparation should be prescribed in this case?
Menadione (Vikasolum)
Cyanocobalamin
Thiamine
Retinol acetate
Ergocalciferol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Parenchyma of an organ is composed of pseudounipolar neurons localized under the capsule of connective tissue. Central place belongs to nerve fibers. Name this organ:
Spinal cord
Nerve trunk
Intramural ganglion
Sympathetic ganglion
Spinal ganglion
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient consulted a physician about chest pain, cough, fever. Roentgenography of lungs revealed eosinophilic infiltrates that were found to contain larvae. What kind of helminthiasis are these presentations typical of?
Ascariasis
Echinococcosis
Cysticercosis
Fascioliasis
Trichinosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During appendectomy a patient had the a. appendicularis ligated. This vessel branches from the following artery:
A. ileocolica
A. mesenterica inferior
A. colica media
A. colica dextra
A. sigmoidea
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with signs of osteoporosis and urolithiasis has been admitted to an endocrinology department. Blood test revealed hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. These changes are associated with abnormal synthesis of the following hormone:
Calcitonin
Parathyroid hormone
Aldosterone
Calcitriol
Cortisol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Prescription of penicillin G sodium salt has caused development of neurotoxic effects ( hallucinations, convulsions). Such reaction is the result of antagonism with the following neurotransmitter:
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
GABA
Adenosine
Dopamine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 30-year-old woman exhibits signs of virilism (growth of body hair, balding temples, menstrual disorders). This condition can be caused by overproduction of the following hormone:
Relaxin
Testosterone
Prolactin
Oxytocin
Oestriol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During a surgery for femoral hernia a surgeon operates within the boundaries of femoral trigone. What structure makes up its upper margin?
Lig. lacunare
Fascia lata
Arcus iliopectineus
Lig. inguinale
Lig. pectinale
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Activation of a number of hemostatic factors occurs through their joining with calcium ions. What structural component allows for adjoining of calcium ions?
Gamma-oxybutyric acid
Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
Hydroxyproline
Monoamine-dicarboxylic acids
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has arterial hypertension. What long-acting calcium channel blocker should be prescribed?
Octadine
Amlodipine
Reserpine
Atenolol
Pyrroxanum
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Material obtained from a patient contains several types of microorganisms (staphylococci and streptococci) causative of the patient’s disease. Name this type of infection:
Consecutive infection
Superinfection
Mixed infection
Reinfection
Coinfection
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A laboratory has been investigating virulence of a diphtheria agent. In the process of the experiment the infection was introduced intraperitoneally into test animals. The dosage of bacteria resulting in 95% mortality of test animals was found. What unit of virulence measurement was determined?
ID
DCL
LD50
DLM
LD5
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient complains of palpitations after stress. Pulse is 104/min., P-Q=0,12 seconds, there are no changes in QRS complex. What type of arrhythmia does the patient have?
Sinus tachycardia
Sinus arrhythmia
Ciliary arrhythmia
Sinus bradycardia
Extrasystole
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient consulted a dentist about restricted mouth opening (trismus). He has a history of a stab wound of the lower extremity. What infection can cause these symptoms?
Whooping cough
Tetanus
Brucellosis
Tularemia
Wound anaerobic infection
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Patient’s systolic blood pressure is 90 mm Hg, diastolic - 70 mm Hg. Such blood pressure is caused by decrease of the following factor:
Total peripheral resistance
Vascular tone
Aortic compliance
Pumping ability of the left heart
Pumping ability of the right heart
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 29-year-old man with a knife wound of the neck presents with bleeding. During the initial dbridement of the wound a surgeon revealed the injury of a vessel situated along the lateral edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Specify this vessel:
A. carotis interna
A. carotis externa
V jugularis anterior
V jugularis externa
V. jugularis interna
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 6-year-old child suffers from delayed growth, disrupted ossification processes, decalcification of the teeth. What can be the cause?
Vitamin C deficiency
Vitamin D deficiency
Insulin deficiency
Hyperthyroidism
Decreased glucagon production
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient addressed a hospital with complaints of lost sensitivity of the skin of the little finger. What nerve is the most likely to be damaged?
Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
Musculocutaneous
Ulnar
Median
Radial
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 30-year-old patient’s blood test has revealed the following: erythrocyte count is 6 • 1012/l, hemoglobin is 10,55 mmol/l. Vaquez’s disease was diagnosed. Name the leading part of pathogenesis:
Acidosis
Neoplastic erythroid hyperplasia
S12-deficiency
Iron-deficiency
Hypoxia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Pancreas is known as a mixed gland. Endocrine functions include production of insulin by beta cells. This hormone affects metabolism of carbohydrates. What is its effect on the activity of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) and glycogen synthase (GS)?
It inhibits both GP and GS
It does not affect the activity of GP and GS
It inhibits GP and activates GS
It activates both GP and GS
It activates GP and inhibits GS
‹ Назад
Далі ›
This year influenza epidemic is characterised by patients’ body temperature varying from 36,9oC to 37,9oC. Such fever is called:
Subfebrile
Moderate
High
Hyperpyretic
Apyretic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Fructosuria is known to be connected with inherited deficiency of fructose 1-phosphate aldolase. What product of fructose metabolism will accumulate in the organism resulting in toxic action?
Fructose 1,6-biphosphate
Fructose 1-phosphate
Glucose 1-phosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Glucose 6-phosphate
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman complains of visual impairment. Examination revealed obesity in the patient and her fasting plasma glucose level is hyperglycemic. What diabetes complication can cause visual impairment/blindness?
Atherosclerosis
Glomerulopathy
Neuropathy
Macroangiopathy
Microangiopathy
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Administration of doxycycline hydrochloride has caused an imbalance of the symbiotic intestinal microflora. Specify the kind of imbalance caused by the antibiotic therapy:
Idiosyncrasy
Bacteriosis
Dysbacteriosis
Superimposed infection
Sensibilization
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cholesterol content in blood serum of a 12-year-old boy is 25 mmol/l. Anamnesis states hereditary familial hypercholesterolemia caused by synthesis disruption of receptor-related proteins for:
Middle-density lipoproteins
Low-density lipoproteins
High-density lipoproteins
Very low-density lipoproteins
Chylomicrons
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During recording of a spirogram a patient calmly exhaled. How do we call the volume of air remaining in the lungs?
Functional residual capacity
Expiratory reserve volume
Tidal volume
Pulmonary residual volume
Vital capacity of lungs
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 40-year-old woman was diagnosed with glomerulonephritis based on her clinical symptoms and the results of urine analysis. Anamnesis states chronic tonsillitis. What microorganisms are the most likely cause for the kidney damage in this case?
Meningococci
Streptococci
Mycoplasma
Escherichia
Staphylococci
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A man is suffering from diarrhea. In summer he spent his vacation in the south at the sea coast. Bacteria with the following properties were detected in his feces: gramnegative curved mobile monotrichous bacilli that do not produce spores or capsules. Bacilli are undemanding to nutrient medium but require alkaline reaction (рН 8,59,5). Described are the agents of the following enteric infection:
Shigellosis
Pseudotuberculosis
Cholera
Colienteritis
Typhoid fever
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An athlete (long-distance runner) during a contest developed a case of acute cardiac insufficiency. This pathology resulted from:
Cardiac pressure overload
Direct damage to myocardium
Disrupted coronary circulation
Cardiac volume overload
Pericardium pathology
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Parkinson’s disease is caused by disruption of dopamine synthesis. What brain structure synthesizes this neurotransmitter?
Corpora quadrigemina
Substantia nigra
Globus pallidus
Hypothalamus
Red nucleus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Name the halogen-containing antiseptic with fungicidal properties, which is used to treat dermatomycosis:
Formalin solution
Boric acid solution
Iodine solution
Brilliant green
Methylene blue
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Due to severe pain syndrome a patient was prescribed a narcotic analgesic. Name this drug:
Morphine
Nimesulide
Metamizole (Analgin)
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Indometacin
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During pathomorphological renal investigation of a patient, who for a long time had been suffering from osteomyelitis and died of progressing renal failure, the following was revealed: deposits of homogeneous eosinophilic masses in glomerular mesangium, arterial and arteriolar walls, and stroma, which colored red when stained with Congo red. What pathological process is this?
Hyalinosis
Calcinosis
Amyloidosis
Carbohydrate degeneration
Mucoid swelling
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During experiment a dog has developed conditioned digestive reflex in response to a sound stimulus. This conditioned reflex will not be exhibited anymore after the extirpation of the following areas of the cerebral hemispheres:
Occipital lobe on one side
Occipital lobe on both sides
Temporal lobe on both sides
Temporal lobe on one side
Parietal lobe on both sides
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Coenzym A participates in numerous important metabolic reactions. It is a derivative of the following vitamin:
Niacin
Ubiquinone
Thiamine
Pantothenic acid
Calciferol
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A patient diagnosed with acute dysentery has been treated for 3 days in an infectious diseases hospital. On admission there were complaints of high temperature, stomachache and fluid excrements with mucus up to 8-10 times a day. What sample should be taken for analysis?
Blood
Feces
Liquor
Urine
Bile
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A patient with arthritis has been prescribed an anti-inflammatory selective COX-2 inhibitor. Select this drug among those given below:
Metamizole (Analgin)
Dimethylsulfoxide (Dimexid)
Indometacin
Phenylbutazone (Butadion)
Celecoxib
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A person with the fourth blood group (genotype IAIB) has in erythrocytes both antigen A controlled by allele IA and antigen B controlled by allele IB. This phenomenon is an example of the following gene interation:
Semidominance
Complementarity
Epistasis
Polymery
Codominance
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A patient with diabetes mellitus suffers from persistently nonhealing surgical wound, which is a sign of disrupted tissue trophism. What is the cause of such disorder?
Ketonemia
Disruption of protein metabolism regulation
Anemia
Hypoglycemia
Increased lipid catabolism
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A patient with signs of intestinal infection (vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain) has been presenting with increasing symptoms of intoxication for three days. Papular rash appeared on the uncovered skin areas and spread to the torso. A doctor suspected pseudotuberculosis. What laboratory test allows confirming this diagnosis within the first week from the onset of disease?
Microscopic
Bacteriological
Serological
Allergic
Biological
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A microslide demonstrates an organ with its wall consisting of three membranes. The inner membrane has tubular glands and undergoes cyclic changes. Name this organ:
Ureter
Esophagus
Uterus
Urinary bladder
Vagina
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A patient with femoral neck fracture, who for a long time had to remain in bed in a forced ( supine) position, has developed dark-brown lesions along the backbone; soft tissues are swollen, in the areas of maceration there is a foul-smelling liquid. Name the clinicopathologic type of necrosis:
Infarction
Dry gangrene
Bedsore
Coagulation necrosis
Sequestrum
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A patient is 20 years old, an athlete. He addressed a doctor with complaints of fatigue, fever up to 38oC - 40oC. Objectively: the liver and spleen are enlarged, lymph nodes on palpation are slightly enlarged, dense, painless. Blood test: НЬ- 100 g/l; erythrocytes - 2,9 • 1012/l; leukocytes -4,4 • 109/l. Leukogram: 68% of blast cells. Cytochemical investigation of blast cells revealed negative reactions to glycogen, peroxidase, non-specific esterase, lipids. Name this disease:
Acute monoblastic leukemia
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Acute myeloid leukemia
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
Acute undifferentiated leukemia
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Impression smear of mucosa biopsy material has been obtained from a patient with peptic ulcer disease of the stomach. Gram-negative arcuate bent microorganisms were detected, urease activity test was positive. What microorganisms were detected in the patient?
Helicobacter
Treponema
Leptospira
Spirochete
Spirilla
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A patient after disrupted cerebral circulation has developed paralysis. Choose the anticholinesterase drug to be prescribed in this case:
Hexamethonium (Benzohexonium)
Proserin
Aceclidine
Methacin
Cordiamin
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30 minutes after drinking mango juice a child suddenly developed a local swelling in the area of the soft palate, which impeded swallowing and, eventually, respiration. Mucosa of the swollen area was hyperemic and painless. Blood test revealed moderate eosinophilia. Body temperature was normal. Anamnesis states that the elder sister of the child has been suffering from bronchial asthma attacks. What kind of edema has developed in the child?
Alimentary
Hepatic
Inflammatory
Cardiac
Allergic
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During examination of a patient a doctor should use anatomical division of anterior abdominal wall into regions for more precise diagnostics. How many regions can abdomen be divided into?
4
9
5
8
6
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A child has a wound located posterior to the mastoid process. Bright red blood flows from the wound. Damaged are the branches of the following artery: A.
A. carotis interna
A. maxillaris
A. temporalis superior
A. occipitalis
A. carotis externa
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When investigating human saliva it is necessary to assess its hydrolytic properties. What substance should be used as a substrate in the process?
Proteins
Starch
Fiber
Amino acids
Fats
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