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Step 1 - Medicine 2010
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2 із 200
Characteristic sign of glycogenosis is muscle pain during physical work. Blood examination reveals usually hypoglycemia. This pathology is caused by congenital deficiency of the following enzyme:
Glycogen phosphorylase
Lysosomal glycosidase
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Alpha amylase
Gamma amylase
3 із 200
A woman works as railway traffic controller. She suffers from seasonal vasomotor rhinitis and gets treatment in the outpatient setting. She was prescribed an antihistamine that has no effect upon central nervous system. What drug is it?
Loratadine
Dimedrol
Suprastin
Promethazine
Tavegil
4 із 200
During an operation a patient got injection of muscle relaxant dithylinum. Relaxation of skeletal muscles and inhibition of respiration lasted two hours. This condition was caused by absence of the following enzyme in blood serum:
Butyrylcholin esterase
Acetylcholinesterase
Glutathione peroxidase
Glucose 6-phosphatase
Catalase
5 із 200
Examination of a patient suffering from cancer of urinary bladder revealed high rate of serotonin and hydroxyanthranilic acid. It is caused by excess of the following amino acid in the organism:
Tryptophan
Methionine
Tyrosine
Alanine
Histidine
6 із 200
Blood of a 12 year old boy presents low concentration of uric acid and accumulation of xanthine and hypoxanthine. This child has genetic defect of the following enzyme:
Xanthine oxidase
Ornithine carbamoyltransferase
Urease
Arginase
Glycerylkinase
7 із 200
A patient who suffers from insomnia caused by emotional disorder was prescribed a hypnotic drug with tranquillizing effect. What hypnotic was prescribed?
Nitrazepam
Sodium ethaminal
Chloral hydrate
Phenobarbital
Bromisoval
8 із 200
A patient is ill with diabetes melli-tus accompanied by hyperglycemia on an empty stomach (7,2 millimole/l). The hyperglycemia rate can be retrospectively estimated (over the last 4-8 weeks before the examination) on the ground of the rate of the following blood plasma protein:
Ceruloplasmin
Fibrinogen
Glycated hemoglobin
C -reactive protein
Albumin
9 із 200
In course of laparotomy a surgeon revealed gangrenous lesion of descending colon. It was caused by thrombosis of the following artery:
Sinister colic
Median colic
Superior mesenteric artery
Dexter colic
Ileocolic
10 із 200
A 60 year old patient has impaired perception of high-frequency sounds. These changes were caused by damage of the following auditory analyzer structures:
Main cochlea membrane near the oval window
Eustachian tube
Middle ear muscles
Main cochlea membrane near the helicotrema
Tympanic membrane
11 із 200
A patient has low rate of magnesium ions that are necessary for affixion of ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum. It is known that it causes disturbance of protein biosynthesis. At what stage is protein biosynthesis impaired?
Translation
Replication
Transcription
Termination
Amino acid activation
12 із 200
A healthy man is in a region with high risk of catching malaria. What drug should be administered for individual chemoprophylaxis of malaria?
Chingamin
Sulfalen
Biseptol
Metronidazole
Tetracycline
13 із 200
A full-term newborn child has yellowish skin and mucous membranes. This might be probably caused by temporary deficiency of the following enzyme:
UDPglucoronyltransferase
Heme oxygenase
Heme synthetase
Biliverdin reductase
Uridine transferase
14 із 200
A patient ill with neurodermatitis has been taking prednisolone for a long time. Examination revealed high rate of sugar in his blood. This complication is caused by the drug influence upon the following link of carbohydrate metabolism:
Gluconeogenesis activation
Intensification of glucose absorption in the bowels
Glycogenogenesis activation
Inhibition of glycogen synthesis
Activation of insulin decomposition
15 із 200
Labelled amino acids alanine and tryptophane were injected to a mouse in order to study localization of protein synthesis in its cells. The labelled amino acids will be accumulated near the following organellas:
Ribosomes
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Cell centre
16 із 200
Students who are taking examinations often have dry mouth. The mechanism that causes this state is the realization of the following reflexes:
Conditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned parasympathetic
Unconditioned peripheral
Conditioned parasympathetic
17 із 200
Inflammation of the tympanic cavity (purulent otitis media) was complicated by inflammation of mammillary process sockets. What wall of tympanic cavity did the pus penetrate into the sockets through?
Posterior
Superior
Medial
Lateral
Anterior
18 із 200
Examination of a patient revealed typical presentations of collagenosis. This pathology is characterized by increase of the following urine index:
Hydroxyproline
Ammonium salts
Arginine
Glucose
Mineral salts
19 із 200
Untrained people often have muscle pain after sprints as a result of lactate accumulation. This might be caused by intensification of the following biochemical process:
Glycolysis
Glycogenesis
Gluconeogenesis
Pentose phosphate pathway
Lipogenesis
20 із 200
Examination of a patient suffering from frequent haemorrhages in the inner organs and mucous membranes revealed proline and lysine being included in collagen fibers. Impairment of their hydroxylation is caused by lack of the following vitamin:
C
K
A
D
E
21 із 200
During an experiment a skeletal muscle is stimulated by a series of electric impulses. What type of muscle contraction will be observed provided that each subsequent impulse comes in the period of shortening of the previous single muscle contraction?
Holotetanus
Muscle contracture
Partial tetanus
Asynchronous tetanus
A series of single contractures
22 із 200
A 48 year old patient complained about intense pain, slight swelling and reddening of skin over the joints, temperature rise up to 38oC. Blood analysis revealed high concentration of urates. This condition might be caused by disturbed metabolism of:
Purines
Carbohydrates
Collagen
Pyrimidines
Cholesterol
23 із 200
An experimantal animal that was kept on protein-free diet developed fatty liver infiltration, in particular as a result of deficiency of methylating agents. This is caused by disturbed generation of the following metabolite:
Choline
Linoleic acid
DOPA
Acetoacetate
Cholesterol
24 із 200
A 46 year old woman suffering from chololithiasis developed jaundice. Her urine became darkyellow and feces became colourless. Blood serum will have the highest concentration of the following substance:
Conjugated bilirubin
Mesobilirubin
Biliverdin
Urobilinogen
Unconjugated bilirubin
25 із 200
A patient suffering from infectious mononucleosis has been taking glucocorticosteroids for two weeks. This resulted in remission but the patient got exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis. This complication is induced by the following effect of glucocorticosteroids:
Immunosuppressive
Antitoxic
Anti-inflammatory
Antiallergenic
Anti-shock
26 із 200
A 62 year woman complains of frequent pain attacks in the area of her chest and backbone, rib fractures. Her doctor suspected myeloma (plasmocytoma). What of the following laboratory characteristics will be of the greatest diagnostic importance?
Paraproteinemia
Hypoproteinemia
Hyperalbuminemia
Hypoglobulinemia
Proteinuria
27 із 200
A newborn child has convulsions that have been observed after prescription of vitamin B6. This most probable cause of this effect is that vitamin B6 is a componet of the following enzyme:
Glutamate decarboxylase
Netoglubarate dehydromine
Glycogen phosphorylase
Pyruvate dehydrostase
Aminolevulinate synthase
28 із 200
A patient who has been abusing tobacco smoking for a long time has got cough accompanied by excretion of viscous mucus; weakness after minor physical stress, pale skin. The patient has also lost 12,0 kg of body weight. Endoscopic examination of biosy material his illness was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Name a pathological process that preceded formation of the tumour:
Metaplasia
Sclerosis
Hyperplasia
Hypoplasia
Necrosis
29 із 200
Bacterioscopic examination of a smear from the pharynx of a diphtheria suspect revealed bacilli with volutine granules. What etiotropic drug should be chosen in this case?
Antidiphtheritic antitoxic serum
Eubiotic
Bacteriophage
Diphtheritic anatoxin
Interferon
30 із 200
A patient caught a cold after which there appeared facial expression disorder. He cannot close his eyes, raise his eyebrows, bare his teeth. What nerve is damaged?
Facial
Trigeminus
Glossopharyngeal
Infraorbital
Vagus
31 із 200
A patient underwent an operation on account of gall bladder excision that resulted in obstruction of Ca absorption through the bowels wall. What vitamin wil stimulate this process?
D3
K
C
B12
PP
32 із 200
A 70 year old female patient was diagnosed with fracture of left femoral neck accompanied by disruption of ligament of head of femur. The branch of the following artery is damaged:
Obturator
Inferior gluteal
Femoral
External iliac
Internal pudendal
33 із 200
ECG of a patient shows prolongation of T-wave. This is caused by deceleration in ventricles of:
Repolarization
Depolarization
Depolarization and repolarization
Relaxation
Contraction
34 із 200
A patient complains of frequent diarrheas, especially after consumption of rich food, weight loss. Laboratory examination revealed steatorrhea; his feces were hypocholic. What might have caused such condition?
Obturation of biliary tracts
Unbalanced diet
Lack of pancreatic phospholipase
Inflammation of mucous membrane of small intestine
Lack of pancreatic lipase
35 із 200
Examination of a patient with pustular skin lesions allowed to isolate a causative agent that forms in the blood agar roundish yellow middle-sized colonies surrounded by haemolysis zone. Smears from the colonies contain irregularshaped clusters of gram-positive cocci. The culture is oxidase- and catalasepositive, ferments mannitol and synthesizes plasmocoagulase. What causative agent was isolated?
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus pyogenes
36 із 200
A patient complained about being unable to adduct and abduct fingers in the metacarpophalangeal articulations towards and away from the 3rd finger. Which muscles’ function is impaired?
Interosseous muscles
Long flexors of fingers
Extensors
Breviflexors of fingers
Lumbrical muscles
37 із 200
A 44 year old woman complains of general weakness, heart pain, significant increase of body weight. Objectively: moon face, hirsutism, AP is 165/100 mm Hg, height - 164 cm, weight - 103 kg; the fat is mostly accumulated on her neck, thoracic girdle, belly. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of obesity?
Increased production of glucocorticoids
Increased mineralocorticoid production
Increased insulin production
Reduced production of thyroid hormones
Reduced glucagon production
38 із 200
A 34 year old woman was diagnosed with hereditary microspherocytic hemolytic anemia ( Minkowsky-Shauffard disease). What mechanism caused haemolysis of erythrocytes?
Membranopathy
Autoimmune disorder
Hemoglobinopathy
Enzymopathy
Bone marrow hypoploasia
39 із 200
According to the model of double DNA helix that was suggested by Watson and Creek, it was established that one of chains would not be lost during replication and the second chain would be synthesized complementary to the first one. What way of replication is it?
Semiconservative
Identical
Dispersed
Conservative
Analogous
40 із 200
A 4 year old child was admitted to the orthopaedic department with shin fracture together with displacement. Bone fragments reposition requires preliminary analgesia. What preparation should be chosen?
Promedol
-
Analgin
Morphine hydrochloride
Panadol
41 із 200
A patient suffers from hepatoci-rrhosis. State of antitoxic liver function can be characterized by examination of the following substance exreted by urine:
Hippuric acid
Creatinine
Ammonium salts
Amino acids
Uric acid
42 із 200
A 22 year old patient from the West Ukraine complains of laboured nasal breathing. Morphological examination of biopsy material of nasal mucous membrane revealed lymphoid, epithelioid, plasma cells as well as Mikulicz’s cells. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Rhinoscleroma
Syphilis
Glanders
Tuberculosis
Leprosy
43 із 200
Vitamin A together with specific cytoreceptors penetrates through the nuclear membranes, induces transcription processes that stimulate growth and differentiation of cells. This biological function is realized by the following form of vitamin A:
Trans-retinoic acid
Cis-retinal
Carotin
Retinol
Trans-retinal
44 із 200
During preparation of a patient to a heart surgery it was necessary to measure pressure in heart chambers. In one of them pressure varied from 0 mm Hg up to 120 mm Hg within one cardiac cycle. What heart chamber is it?
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Right atrium
-
Left atrium
45 із 200
Examination of coronary arteries revealed atherosclerotic calcified plaques closing vessel lumen by 1/3. The muscle has multiple whitish layers of connective tissue. What process was revealed in the myocardium?
Diffusive cardiosclerosis
Myocarditis
Postinfarction cardiosclerosis
Myocardium infarction
Tiger heart
46 із 200
In order to determine toxigenicity of diphtheria bacilli a strip of filter paper impregnated with antitoxic diphtherial serum was put on the dense nutrient medium. There were also inoculated a mi-crobal culture under examination and a strain that is known to be toxigenic. If the microbal culture under examination produces exotoxin, this wil result in formation of:
Precipitin lines
Zones of diffuse opacification
Precipitin ring
Haemolysis zones
Zones of lecithovitellinous activity
47 із 200
A 63 year old male patient who had been suffering from chronic diffuse obstructive disease, pulmonary emphysema, for 15 years died from cardiac insufficiency. Autopsy revealed nutmeg liver cirrhosis, cyanotic induration of kidneys and spleen, ascites, edemata of lower limbs. These changes of internal organs are typical for the following disease:
Chronic right-ventricular insufficiency
Chronic left-ventricular insufficiency
Acute left-ventricular insufficiency
General cardiac insufficiency
Acute right-ventricular insufficiency
48 із 200
Examination of an ovary specimen stained by hematoxylin-eosine revealed a follicle in which follicular epithelium consisted of 1-2 layers of cubic cells. There was also a bright red membrane around the ovocyte. What follicle is it?
Primary
Mature
Secondary
Primordial
Atretic
49 із 200
A newborn child suffers from milk curdling in stomach, this means that soluble milk proteins ( caseins) transform to insoluble proteins (paracaseins) by means of calcium ions and a certain enzyme. What enzyme takes part in this process?
Renin
Secretin
Pepsin
Gastrin
Lipase
50 із 200
A patient suffers from diabetes meli-tus. After the regular insulin injection his condition grew worse: there appeared anxiety, cold sweat, tremor of limbs, general weakness, dizziness. What preparation can eliminate these symptoms?
Adrenaline hydrochloride
Noradrenaline
Glibutide
Butamide
Caffeine
51 із 200
A patient has difficulties with hand movement. Examination revealed inflammation of common synovial sheath of flexor muscles. It is known from the patient’s anamnesis that he got a stab wound of finger a week ago. Which finger was most probably damaged?
Digitus minimus
Index
Pollex
Digitus medius
Digitus anularis
52 із 200
Clinical diagnosis of a female patient was gonorrhoea. What examination method can be applied for confirmation of this diagnosis?
Microscopy of pathological material
Immobilization reaction
Infection of laboratory animals
Test with bacteriophage
Hemagglutination reaction
53 із 200
Autopsy of a man who died from burn disease revealed brain edema, liver enlargement as well as enlargement of kidneys with wide light-grey cortical layer and plethoric medullary area. Microscopic examination revealed necrosis of tubules of main segments along with destruction of basal membranes, intersti-cium edema with leukocytic infiltration and haemorrhages. What is the most probable postmortem diagnosis?
Necrotic nephrosis
Tubulointerstitial nephritis
Gouty kidney
Myeloma kidney
Pyelonephritis
54 із 200
A 30 year old man had been suffering from acute respiratory disease and died from cardiopulmonary decompensation. Autopsy revealed fibrinous-haemorrhagic inflammation in the mucous membrane of larynx and trachea, destructive panbronchitis, enlarged lungs that look black due to the multiple abcesses, haemorrhages, necrosis. What is the most probable postmortem diagnosis?
Influenza
Parainfluenza
Adenoviral infection
Respiratory syncytial infection
Measles
55 із 200
A 19 year old woman suffers from primary syphilis. Doctor administered her complex therapy that includes benzylpenicillin sodium salt. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?
It blocks synthesis of peptidoglycan of microbal membrane
It blocks DNA synthesis
It blocks RNA synthesis
It blocks thiol enzymes
It blocks synthesis of cytoplasm proteins
56 із 200
A 65 year old female patient suffers from chronic renal insufficiency accompanied by evident edemata caused by chronic glomerulonephritis. What diuretic should be administered for forced diuresis?
Furosemide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Chlorthalidone
Acetazolamide
Cyclometazide
57 із 200
6 months after labour a woman had uterine hemorrhage. Gynaecological examination of uterine cavity revealed a dark-red tissue with multiple cavities resembling of a 'sponge'. Microscopic examination of a tumour revealed in blood lacunas atypic light epithelial Langhans cells and giant cells of syncyti-otrophoblast. What tumour is it?
Chorioepithelioma
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell nonkeratinous carcinoma
Fibromyoma
Cystic mole
58 із 200
Atria of an experimental animal were superdistended by blood that resulted in decreased reabsorption of Na+ and water in renal tubules. This can be explained by the influence of the following factor upon kidneys:
Natriuretic hormone
Angiotensin
Aldosterone
Renin
Vasopressin
59 із 200
A patient suffering from periodical attacks caused by inhalation of different flavoring substances was diagnosed with atopic bronchial asthma. IgE level was increased. This is typical for the following type of reactions:
Anaphylactic reactions
Immunocomplex reactions
Autoimmune reactions
delayed-type hypersensitivity
Cytotoxic reactions
60 із 200
During regular examination of schoolchildren it was revealed that a 10 year old girl had asymmetric oval eggs with a larva in the scrape from her perianal folds. What diagnosis should be made?
Enterobiasis
Ascariasis
Ankylostomiasis
Amebiasis
Trichocephalosis
61 із 200
Histological examination of a 40 year old man’s thymus revealed reduced share of parenchymatous elements, increased share of adipose and loose connective tissue, its enrichment with thymus bodies. The organ’s mass was unchanged. What is this phenomenon called?
Age involution
Accidental involution
Atrophy
Hypotrophy
Dystrophy
62 із 200
A 56 year old patient suffering from cardiac insufficiency has edema of feet and shins, edematous skin is pale and cold. What is the leding mechanism of edema pathogenesis?
Rise of hydrostatic pressure in venules
Drop of oncotic pessure in capillaries
Disorder of lymph outflow
Increase of capillary permeability
Positive water balance
63 із 200
Researchers of a bacteriological laboratory examine tinned meat for botulinic toxin. For this purpose a group of mice was injected with an extract of the material under examination and antitoxic antibotulinic serum of A, B, E types. A control group of mice was injected with the same extract but without antibotuli-nic serum. What serological reaction was applied?
Neutralization
Double immune diffusion
Complement binding
Precipitation
Opsonocytophagic
64 із 200
A clinic observes a 49 year old patient with significant prolongation of coagulation time, gastrointestinal haemorrhages, subcutaneous hematomas. These symptoms might be explained by the deficiency of the following vitamin:
K
B6
Bi
E
H
65 із 200
A patient suffering from chronic cardiac insufficiency was recommended to undergo a prophylactic course of treatment with a cardiological drug from the group of cardiac glycosides that is to be taken enterally. What drug was recommended?
Digoxin
Strophanthine
Cordiamin
Cordarone
Corglycon
66 із 200
A cerebral trauma caused increased ammonia generation. What amino acid participates in the excretion of ammonia from the cerebral tissue?
Glutamic
Tryptophan
Valine
Lysine
Tyrosine
67 із 200
During the repeated Widal’s agglutination test it was noticed that the ratio of antibody titers and O-antigens S.typhi in the patient’s serum had increased from 1:100 to 1:400. How would you interpret these results?
The patient has typhoid fever
The patient is an acute carrier of typhoid microbes
The patient previously had typhoid fever
The patient is a chronic carrier of typhoid microbs
The patient was previously vaccinated against typhoid fever
68 із 200
It is known that the gene responsible for development of blood groups according to AB0 system has three allele variants. If a man has IV blood group, it can be explained by the following variability form:
Combinative
Mutational
Phenotypic
Phenocopy
Genocopy
69 із 200
48 hours after tuberculine test (Mantoux test) a child had a papule 10 mm in diameter on the spot of tuberculine injection. What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies these changes?
Cellular cytotoxicity
Granulomatosis
Immunocomplex cytotoxicity
Anaphylaxy
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
70 із 200
Examination of a newborn boy’s genitalia revealed an urethral hiatus that opens on the undersite of his penis. What malformation is it?
Hypospadias
Cryptorhidism
Epispadia
Monorchism
Hermaphroditism
71 із 200
A patient complains about impaired evacuatory function of stomach (longterm retention of food in stomach). Examination revealed a tumour of initial part of duodenum. Specify localization of the tumour:
Pars superior
Flexura duodeni inferior
Pars descendens
Pars ascendens
Pars inferior
72 із 200
A concentrated solution of sodium chloride was intravenously injected to an animal. This caused decreased reabsorption of sodium ions in the renal tubules. It is the result of the following changes of hormonal secretion:
Aldosterone reduction
Vasopressin reduction
Reduction of atrial natriuretic factor
Aldosterone increase
Vasopressin increase
73 із 200
People adapted to high external temperatures have such pecularity: profuse sweating isn’t accompanied by loss of large volumes of sodium chloride. This is caused by the effect of the following hormone upon the perspiratory glands:
Aldosterone
Vasopressin
Tgyroxin
Cortisol
Natriuretic
74 із 200
Emotional stress causes activation of hormon-sensitive triglyceride lipase in the adipocytes. What secondary mediator takes part in this process?
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
Diacylglycerol
Adenosine monophosphate
Ions of Ca2+
75 із 200
A patient has been syffering from diarrhea for 5 day. On the fith day colonoscopy revealed that membrane of rectum was inflamed, there were greyish-green films closely adhering to the subjacent tissue. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Dysentery
Typhoid fever
Crohn’s disease
Salmonellosis
Nonspecific ulcerous colitis
76 із 200
A 17 year old boy fell seriously ill, the body temperature rose up to 38,5oC, there appeared cough, rhinitis, lacrimati-on, nasal discharges. What inflammation is it?
Catarrhal
Serous
Hemorrhagic
Purulent
Fibrinous
77 із 200
A 25 year old Palestinian woman complains of weakness, dizziness, dyspnea. In anamnesis: periodically exacerbating anemia. In blood: Hb - 60 g/l, erythrocytes - 2,5 • 1012/l, reticulocytes - 35o/oo, anisocytosis and poikilocytosis of erythrocytes, a lot of target cells and polychromatophils. What type of anemia is it?
Thalassemia
Minkowsky-Shauffard disease
Addison-Biermer disease
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient anemia
Sickle-cell anemia
78 із 200
A patient suffering from initial hypertension has been taking an antihypertensive preparation for a long time. Suddenly he stopped taking this preparation. After this his condition grew worse, this led to development of hypertensive crisis. This by-effect can be classified as:
Abstinence syndrome
Cumulation
Tolerance
Sensibilization
Dependence
79 із 200
Inflammatory processes cause synthesis of protein of acute phase in an organism. What substances stumulate their synthesis?
Interleukin-1
Immunoglobulins
Biogenic amins
Angiotensin
Interferons
80 із 200
A 42 year old woman with neuralgia of trifacial nerve complains about periodical reddening of the right part of her face and neck, sense of warmth gush, increased skin sensitivity. These effects can be explained by the following type of arterial hyperemia:
Neurotonic
Neuroparalytic
Reactive
Functional
Metabolic
81 із 200
A 30 year old woman has face edemata. Examination revealed proteinuria (5,87 g/l), hypoproteinemia, dysproteinemia, hyperlipidemia. What condition is the set of these symptoms typical for?
Nephrotic syndrome
Chronic renal failure
Nephritic syndrome
Acute renal failure
Chronic pyelonephritis
82 із 200
Autopsy of a 17 year old girl who died from pulmonary failure revealed a small area of caseous necrosis in the inferior lobe of the right lung, and occurences of caseous necrosis in the bronchopulmonary, bronchial and bi-furcational lymph nodes. What is the most probable postmortem diagnosis?
Primary tuberculosis
Tuberculoma
Caseous pneumonia under secondary tuberculosis
Hematogenous progression of primary tuberculosis
Hematogenous tuberculosis with predominant lung affection
83 із 200
A patient has a decreased vasopressin synthesis that causes polyuria and as a result of it evident organism dehydratati-on. What is the mechanism of polyuria development?
Reduced tubular reabsorption of water
Reduced tubular reabsorption of Na ions
Reduced glucose reabsorption
Acceleration of glomerular filtration
Reduced tubular reabsorption of protein
84 із 200
A 35 year old man consulted a dentist about reduced density of dental tissue, high fragility of teeth during eating solid food. This patient suffers the most probably from the deficiency of the following mineral element:
Calcium
Magnesium
Potassium
Sodium
Iron
85 із 200
A patient staying in the pulmonologi-cal department was diagnosed with pulmonary emphysema accompanied by reduced elasticity of pulmonary tissue. What type of respiration is observed?
Expiratory dyspnea
Superficial respiration
Periodic respiration
Inspiratory dyspnea
Infrequent respiration
86 із 200
A 4 year old child complained of pain during deglutition, indisposition. Objectively: palatine arches and tonsils are moderately edematic and hyperemic, there are greyish-white films up to 1 mm thick closely adhering to the subjacent tissues. What pathological process are these changes typical for?
Inflammation
Metaplasia
Organization
Dystrophy
Necrosis
87 із 200
An unconscious young man with signs of morphine poisoning entered admission office. His respiration is shallow and infrequent which is caused by inhibition of respiratory centre. What type of respiratory failure is it?
Ventilative dysregulatory
Ventilative restrictive
Perfusive
Diffusive
Ventilative obstructive
88 із 200
A patient with cholelithiasis fell ill with mechanic jaundice. Examination revealed that the stone was in the common bile duct. What bile-excreting ducts make up the obturated duct?
Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus cysticus
Ductus hepaticus dexter et ductus cysticus
Ductus hepaticus dexter et sinister
Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus choledochus
Ductus hepaticus sinister et ductus cysticus
89 із 200
A patient is 44 years old. Laboratory examination of his blood revealed that content of proteins in plasma was 40 g/l. What influence will be exerted on the transcapillary water exchange?
Filtration will be increased, reabsorption - decreased
Both filtration and reabsorption will be decreased
Exchange will stay unchanged
Filtration will be decreased, reabsorption - increased
Both filtration and reabsorption will be increased
90 із 200
After destruction of CNS structures an animal lost orientative reflexes. What structure was destroyed?
Quadrigeminal plate
Red nucleus
Lateral vestibular nuclei
Medial reticular nuclei
Black substance
91 із 200
An isolated cell of human heart automatically generates excitement impulses with frequency of 60 times per minute. This cell was taken from the following heart structure :
Sinoatrial node
Ventricle
Atrium
Atrioventricular node
His’ bundle
92 із 200
A 62 year old patient who previously worked as stoker was admitted to a hospital with complaints about general weakness, abrupt weight loss, hoarse voice, dyspnea, dry cough. Laryngoscopy revealed a tumour in the pharynx that invaded vocal cords and epiglottis. What is the most probable cause of tumour development?
Polycyclic aromatic carbohydrates
Retroviruses
Nitrosamines
Ionizing radiation
Aromatic amines and amides
93 із 200
Examination of a man who had been working hard under higher temperature of the environment revealed abnormal quantity of blood plasma proteins. What phenomenon is the case?
Relative hyperproteinemia
Absolute hyperproteinemia
Absolute hypoproteinemia
Dysproteinemia
Paraproteinemia
94 із 200
A patient ill with thrombophlebitis of his lower limbs had chest pain, blood spitting, progressing respiratory insufficiency that led to his death. Autopsy diagnosed multiple lung infarctions. What is the most probable cause of their development?
Thromboembolism of pulmonary artery branches
Thrombosis of bronchial arteries
Thrombosis of pulmonary veins
Thromboembolism of bronchial arteries
Thrombosis of pulmonary artery branches
95 із 200
During influenza epidemic 40% of pupils who didn’t go in for sports were affected by the disease, and among the pupils who regularly did physical exercises this index was only 20%. What adaptati-ve mechanisms determined such a low sickness rate of pupils participating in the sports?
Cross adaptation
Biochemical adaptation
Physiological adaptation
Genetic adaptation
Specific adaptation
96 із 200
A patient suffers from stenocardia and takes isosorbide mononitrate. He was prescribed a complementary drug with disaggregating effect. What drug is it?
Acetylsalicinic acid
Validol
Nifedipine
Propranolol
Nitroglycerine
97 із 200
A patient in postoperative period was prescribed an anticholinesterase drug for stimulation of intestinal peristalsis and tonus of urinary bladder. What drug is it?
Proserin
Propanolol
Reserpine
Dichlothiazide
Mannitol
98 із 200
A patient has acne on his face. Mi-crospcopic examination of scrapings from the affected areas revealed living porrect vermiform arthropoda 0,2-0,5 mm large with four pairs of short extremities in the front part of their bodies. What is the laboratory diagnosis?
Demodicosis
Phthiriasis
Scabies
Pediculosis
Myiasis
99 із 200
Among junior children of an orphanage an outbreak of intestinal infection with signs of colienteritis was registered. In order to identify isolated causative agent it is necessary to:
Study antigenic properties of the causative agent
To determine sensitivity to antibiotics
To study biochemical properties of the causative agent
To study virulence of the causative agent
To study sensitivity to bacteriophages
100 із 200
A 45 year old man consulted a doctor about a plaque-like formation on his neck. Histological examination of a skin bi-optate revealed clusters of round and oval tumour cells with a narrow border of basophilic cytoplasm resembling of cells of basal epidermal layer. What tumour is it?
Basal cell carcinoma
Trichoepithelioma
Epidermal cancer
Hydroadenoma
Syringoadenoma
101 із 200
A 45 year old patient was admitted to the cardiological department. ECG data: negative P wave overlaps QRS complex, diastolic interval is prolonged after extrasystole. What type of extrasystole is it?
Atrioventricular
Bundle-branch
Ventricular
Atrial
Sinus
102 із 200
A virological laboratory obtained pathological material (mucous discharges from nasal meatuses) taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis 'influenza'. What quick test will allow to reveal specific viral antigen in the material under examination?
Direct and indirect immunofluorescence test
Hemagglutination inhibition assay
Direct and indirect fluorescence immunoassay
Radioimmunoassay
-
103 із 200
A family of students who came from Africa got a child with anemia signs. The child died soon. Examination revealed that the child’s erythrocytes have abnormal semilunar shape. Specify genotypes of the child’s parents:
Aa x Aa
Aa x AA
aa x aa
AA x AA
Aa x aa
104 із 200
Two hours after an exam a student had a blood count done and it was revealed that he had leukocytosis without significant leukogram modifications. What is the most probable mechanism of leukocytosis development?
Redistribution of leukocytes in the organism
Deceleration of leukocyte lysis
Deceleration of leukocyte migration to the tissues
Leukopoiesis intensification and deceleration of leukocyte lysis
Leukopoiesis intensification
105 із 200
A 66 year old female patient got intravenous injection of magnesium sulfate solution for the purpose of elimination of hypertensive crisis. But arterial pressure didn’t go down and after repeated introduction of the same preparation there appered sluggishness, slow response, inhibition of consciousness and respiration. What preparation is antagonist of magnesium sulfate and can eliminate symptoms of its overdose?
Calcium chloride
Sodium chloride
Potassium chloride
Activated carbon
Potassium permanganate
106 із 200
Hepatitis has led to the development of hepatic failure. Mechanism of edemata formation is activated by the impairment of the following liver function:
Protein-synthetic
Barrier
Glycogen-synthetic
Chologenetic
Antitoxic
107 із 200
A patient working at a pig farm complains about paroxysmal abdominal pain, liquid feces with admixtures of mucus and blood, headache, weakness, fever. Examination of large intestine revealed ulcers from 1 mm up to several cm large, feces contained oval unicellular organisms with cilia. What disease should be suspected?
Balantidiasis
Amebiasis
Lambliasis
Trichomoniasis
Toxoplasmosis
108 із 200
A patient staggers and walks astraddle. He has hypomyotonia of arm and leg muscles, staccato speech. In what brain section is this affection localized?
Cerebellum
Putamen
Caudate nucleus
Red nucleus
Motor cortex
109 із 200
During hypersensitivity test a patient got subcutaneous injection of an antigen which caused reddening of skin, edema, pain as a result of histamine action. This biogenic amine is generated as a result of transformation of the following histidine amino acid:
Decarboxylation
Methylation
Isomerization
Phosphorylation
Deaminization
110 із 200
Normal, actively dividing cells of human red bone marrow are analyzed. What number of cells’ chromosomes is typical for G1 period?
46
48
23
47
45
111 із 200
Blood group of a 30 year old man was specified before an operation. His blood is Rh-positive. Reaction of erythrocyte agglutination was absent with standard sera of 0afi (I), Afi (II), Ba (III) groups. The blood under examination is of the following group:
0afi (I)
AB (IV)
Afi (II)
Ba (III)
-
112 із 200
A 64 year old woman has impairment of twilight vision (hemeralopy). What vitamin should be recommended in the first place?
Vitamin A
Vitamin B2
Vitamin B6
Vitamin E
Vitamin C
113 із 200
A patient underwent appendectomy. In the postoperative period he has been taking an antibiotic. The patient complains about hearing impairment and vestibular disorders. What group of antibiotics has such by-effects?
Aminoglycosides
Cephalosporins
Tetracyclines
Penicillins
Macrolides
114 із 200
A patient was stung by a bee. Examination revealed that his left hand was hot, pink, edematic, there was a big red blister on the site of sting. What is the leading mechanism of edema development?
Increased vessel permeability
Drop of osmotic pressure in tissue
Injury of vessels caused by the sting
Reduced vessel filling
Drop of oncotic pressure in tissue
115 із 200
A patient complained about dizziness, memory impairment, periodical convulsions. It was revealed that these changes were caused by a product of decarboxylation of glutamic acid. Name this product:
GABA
Pyridoxal phosphate
ATP
TDP
THFA
116 із 200
A sportsman needs to improve his sporting results. He was recommended to take a preparation that contains carnitine. What process is activated the most by this compound?
Fatty acids transporting
Calcium ions transporting
Glucose transporting
Vitamin K transporting
Amino acids transporting
117 із 200
Laboratory examination of a child revealed increased concentration of leucine, valine, isoleucine and their ketoderi-vatives in blood and urine. Urine smelt of maple syrup. This disease is characterized by the deficit of the following enzyme:
Dehydrogenase of branched amino acids
Aminotransferase
Glucose-6-phosphatase
Phosphofructokinase
Phosphofructomutase
118 із 200
A 7 year old child often suffers from streprococcic angina. Doctor suspected development of rheumatism and administered serological examination. The provisional diagnosis will be most probably confirmed by presence of antibodies to the following streptococcic antigen:
O-streptolysin
Capsular polysaccharide
M-protein
C-carbohydrate
Erythrogenic toxin
119 із 200
A 46 year old patient who had been suffering from tuberculosis for 6 years died from massive pulmonary haemorrhage. Autopsy revealed different-sixed foci of sclerosis and caseous necrosis in lungs, in the upper part of the right lung there was a cavity 5 cm in diameter with dense grey walls, the cavity contained liquid blood and blood clots. What type of tuberculosis is it?
Fibrocavernous
Acute focal
Acute cavernous
Fibrous focal
Infiltrative
120 із 200
A patient suffering from pheochromocyton complains of thirst, dry mouth, hunger. Blood test for sugar revealed hyperglycemia. What type of hyperglycemia is it?
Adrenal
Alimentary
Hypoinsulinemic
Hypercorticoid
Somatotropic
121 із 200
A patient has been suffering from elevated temperature and attacks of typical cough for 10 days. Doctor administered inoculation of mucus from the patient’s nasopharynx on the agar. What microorganism is presumed?
Pertussis bacillus
Listeria
Staphylococcus
Klebsiella
Pfeiffer’s bacillus
122 із 200
A patient suffering from stenocardia was taking nitroglycerine which caused restoration of blood supply of myocardium and relieved pain in the cardiac area. What intracellular mechanism provides restoration of energy supply of insulted cells?
Intensification of ATP resynthesis
Intensification of RNA generation
Increased permeability of membranes
Reduction of ATP resynthesis
Intensification of oxygen transporting into the cell
123 із 200
A 50 year old patient has been taking treatment thrice for the last 6 months because of fractures caused by domestic accidents. Microscopical examination of bony tissue revealed foci of lacunar resolution, giant-cell granulomas in the tumour-like formations, cysts. Bony tissue was substituted by fibrous connective tissue. Examination revealed also adenoma of parathyroid gland and hypercalcemia. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Parathyroid osteodystrophy
Osteopetrosis
Myelomatosis
Osteomyelitis
Paget’s disease
124 із 200
A couple had a child with Down’s disease. Mother is 42 years old. This disease is most probably caused by the following impairment of prenatal development:
Gametopathy
Non-specific fetopathy
Specific fetopathy
Blastopathy
Embryopathy
125 із 200
A man weighs 80 kg, after long physical activity his circulating blood volume is reduced down to 5,4 l, hematocrit makes up 50%, whole blood protein is 80 g/l. These blood characteristics are determined first of all by:
Water loss with sweat
Increased diuresis
Increased circulating blood volume
Increased number of erythrocytes
Increased protein concentration in plasm
126 із 200
Examination of a pregnant woman revealed twice as much concentration of fibrinogen in blood plasm. What ESR can this woman have?
40-50 mm/h
10-15 mm/h
2-12 mm/h
0-5 mm/h
5-10 mm/h
127 із 200
Examination of a child who frequently suffers from infectious diseases revealed that IgG concentration in blood serum was 10 times less than normal, IgA and IgM concentration was also significantly reduced. Analysis showed also lack of B-lymphocytes and plasmocytes. What disease are these symptoms typical for?
Bruton’s disease
Dysimmunoglobulinemia
Louis-Bar syndrome
Swiss-type agammaglobulinemia
Di George syndrome
128 із 200
Introduction of a big dose of histamine to an experimental animal caused abrupt drop of arterial pressure as a result of:
Dilatation of resistance vessels
Increase of heart rate
Decrease of heart rate
Constriction of resistance vessels
Decrease of heart rate and force
129 із 200
Examination of a 42 year old patient revealed a tumour of adenohypophysis. Objectively: the patient’s weight is 117 kg, he has moon-like hyperemic face, red-blue striae of skin distension on his belly. Osteoporosis and muscle dystrophy are present. AP is 210/140 mm Hg. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Cushing’s disease
Essential hypertension
Conn’s disease
Diabetes mellitus
Cushing’s syndrome
130 із 200
Vagus branches that innervate heart are being stimulated during an experiment. This caused reduction of heart rate due to the intensification of the following process (through the cell membrane of cardiac pacemaker):
Potassium ion yield
Potassium ion entry
Calcium and potassium ion yield
Calcium ion yield
Calcium ion entry
131 із 200
A patient got an injury of spinal marrow in a road accident that caused loss of tactile sensation, posture sense, vibration sense. What conduction tracts are damaged?
Fascicle of Goll and cuneate fascicle
Tectospinal tract
Rubrospinal tract
Anterior spinocerebellar tract
Reticulospinal tract
132 із 200
A scheme presents an exocrinous gland that has unbranched excretory duct with a terminal part in form of a saccule openining into the duct. How is this gland called according to the morphological classification of exocrinous glands?
Simple unbranched alveolar
Compound unbranched alveolar
Compound branched alveolar
Compound unbranched alveolar tubular
Simple branched tubular
133 із 200
Examination of a patient revealed hypertrophy and inflammation of lymphoid tissue, edema of mucous membrane between palatine arches (acute tonsillitis). What tonsil is normally situated in this area?
Tonsilla palatina
Tonsilla lingualis
-
Tonsilla pharyngealis
Tonsilla tubaria
134 із 200
A patient complained about muscle rigidity, constrained motions, constant tremor of arms. On the grounds of examination his disease was diagnosed as Parkinson’s disease. What drug should be administered?
Levodopa
Ethosuximide
Phenobarbital
Diazepam
Diphenylhydantoin
135 із 200
Examination of a patient with impaired blood coagulation revealed thrombosis of a branch of inferior mesenteric artery. What bowel segment is damaged?
Colon sigmoideum
Caecum
Colon ascendens
Colon transversum
Ileum
136 із 200
When blood circulation in the damaged tissue is restored, then lactate accumulation comes to a stop and glucose consumption decelerates. These metabolic changes are caused by activation of the following process:
Aerobic glycolysis
Glycogen biosynthesis
Gluconeogenesis
Anaerobic glycolysis
Lipolysis
137 із 200
A woman was delivered to a hospital for trachea intubation. What of the following drugs should be applied in this case?
Dithylinum
Gentamycin sulfate
Metronidazole
Nitroglycerine
Atropine sulfate
138 із 200
A patient suffers from pulmonary tuberculosis. During treatment neuritis of visual nerve arose. What drug has caused this by-effect?
Isoniazid
Streptomycin
Rifampicin
Kanamycin
Ethambutol
139 із 200
A patient suffers from chronic left-ventricular insufficiency. What medication should be administered?
Digoxin
Etimizole
Bemegride
Pyracetam
Vinpocetine
140 із 200
Roentgenological examination of skull base bones revealed enlargement of sellar cavity, thinning of anterior clinoid processes, destruction of different parts, destruction of different parts of sella turcica. Such bone destruction might be caused by a tumour of the following wndocrinous gland:
Hypophysis
Thyroid gland
Epiphysis
Thymus gland
Adrenal glands
141 із 200
Patients who suffer from severe diabetes and don’t receive insulin have metabolic acidosis. This is caused by increased concentration of the following metabolites:
Ketone bodies
Cholesterol
Fatty acids
Unsaturated fatty acids
Triacylglycerols
142 із 200
A 4 year old child with hereditary renal lesion has signs of rickets, vitamin D concentration in blood is normal. What is the most probable cause of rickets development?
Impaired synthesis of calcitriol
Increased excretion of calcium
Lack of calcium in food
Hyperfunction of parathyroid glands
Hypofunction of parathyroid glands
143 із 200
A man was intoxicated with mushrooms. They contain muscarine that stimulates muscarinic cholinoreceptors. What symptoms signalize intoxication with inedible mushrooms?
Myotic pupils
Mydriatic pupils
Bronchi dilatation
Increased heart rate
Rise of arterial pressure
144 із 200
A 47 year old man with myocardium infarction was admitted to the cardiological department. What changes of cellular composition of peripheral blood are induced by necrotic changes in the myocardium?
Neutrophilic leukocytosis
Monocytosis
Eosinophilic leukocytosis
Thrombocytopenia
Lymphopenia
145 із 200
A patient with skin mycosis has disorder of cellular immunity. The most typical characteristic of it is reduction of the following index:
T-lymphocytes
Plasmocytes
Immunoglobulin G
B-lymphocytes
Immunoglobulin E
146 із 200
A 50 year old patient underwent resection of tumour of large intestine wall. Microscopically it presents itself as fascicles of divergent collagen fibers of different thickness and form and some monomorphous fusiform cells that are irregularly distributed among the fibers. Cellular atypia is not evident. What tumour is it?
Hard fibroma
Soft fibroma
Fibromyoma
Fibrosarcoma
Desmoma
147 із 200
A cell at the stage of mitosis anaphase was stimulated by colchicine that inhibits chromosome separation to the poles. What type of mutation will be caused?
Polyploidy
Translocation
Inversion
Deletion
Duplication
148 із 200
Autopsy of a 5 year old child revealed in the area of vermis of cerebellum a soft greyish-pink node 2 cm in diameter with areas of haemorrhage. Histologically this tumour consisted of atypical monomorphous small roundish cells with big polymorphous nuclei. What tumour is it?
Medulloblastoma
Glioblastoma
Astrocytoma
Meningioma
Oligodendroglioma
149 із 200
Voluntary breath-holding caused increase of respiration depth and frequency. The main factor stimulating these changes of external respiration is:
Increased tension of CO2 in blood
Increased tension of O2 in blood
Decreased concentration of H + in blood
Decreased tension of O2 in blood
Decreased tension of CO2 in blood
150 із 200
A patient was admitted to the surgical department with inguinal hernia. During the operation the surgeon performs plastic surgery on posterior wall of inguinal canal. What structure forms this wall?
Transverse fascia
Inguinal ligament
Aponeurosis of abdominal external oblique muscle
Peritoneum
Loose inferior edge of transverse abdominal muscle
151 із 200
A patient has delayed conduction of excitement through the atrioventricular node. What changes of ECG will be observed?
Prolongation of P — Q interval
Prolongation of Q — T interval
Prolongation of Q — S interval
Negative T wave
S — T-segment displacement
152 із 200
Surface with an intact toad on it was inclined to the right. Tone of extensor muscles became reflectory higher due to the activation of the following receptors:
Vestibuloreceptors of utricle and saccule
Mechanoreceptors of foot skin
Photoreceptors of retina
Vestibuloreceptors of semicircular ducts
Proprioreceptors
153 із 200
A female patient underwent liver transplantation. 1,5 month after it her condition became worse because of reaction of transplant rejection. What factor of immune system plays the leading part in this reaction?
T-killers
B-lymphocytes
Interleukin-1
T-helpers
Natural killers
154 із 200
Microscopical examination of a mi-crobal culture revealed fusiform sporeforming microorganisms that get violet-blue Gram’s stain. What microorganisms were revealed?
Clostridia
Streptococci
Diplococci
Actinomycete
Spirochaete
155 із 200
A bacteriological laboratory received sputum sample of a patient suffering from tuberculosis. Bacterioscopic examination of smears and detection of tuberculosis bacillus can be realized by one of enrichment methods that involves processing of sputum only with solution of caustic soda. What is this method called?
Homogenization
Neutralization
Flotation
Filtration
Inactivation
156 із 200
Electronic microphotography of pulmonary alveole’s wall presents a big cell. Its cytoplasm has a lot of mitochondria, developed Golgi apparatus, osmiophil lamellated corpuscles. What is the main function of this cell?
It produces surfactant
It absorbs microorganisms
It purifies the air
It warms the air
It is a component of blood-air barrier
157 із 200
A patient in a transplantation centre underwent heart transplantation. The organ was taken from a donor who died in a road accident. Foreign heart can be rejected as a result of development of transplantation immunity. It is usually prevented by means of:
Immunosuppressors
Chemotherapy
Enzymes
X-ray therapy
Ultrasound
158 із 200
A child is pale, pastose, muscular tissue is bad developed, lymph nodes are enlarged. He often suffers from angina and pharyngitis, blood has signs of lymphocytosis. The child is also predisposed to autoallergic diseases. What type of diathesis can be presumed in this case?
Lymphohypoplastic
Gouty
Exudative
Hemorrhagic
Asthenic
159 із 200
A patient had been suffering from profuse diarrhea and vomiting for 2 days. He died from acute dehydration. Autopsy revealed that the intestinal wall was edematic and hyperemic, with multiple haemorrhages in the mucous membrane. Intestine lumen contains whitish fluid resembling of rice water. What disease caused death?
Cholera
Enterocolitis
Dysentery
Salmonellosis
Typhoid fever
160 із 200
Examination of a 66 year old patient revealed a lytic tumour in the locus of pathological rib fracture. Histologically this tumour consists of atypical plasmoblasts. Further examination revealed osteoporosis in the bones of vertebral column and pelvis. These changes are typical for:
Myelomatosis
Tuberculous osteomyelitis
Ewing’s osteosarcoma
Metastatic lung cancer
Neuroblastoma
161 із 200
A patient died from acute cardiac insufficiency, among clinical presentations there was gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Examination of mucous membrane of sromach revealed some defects reaching myenteron; their edges and bottom were mostly even and loose, some of them contained dark-red blood. What pathological process was revealed?
Acute ulcers
Thrombosis
Erosions
Chronic ulcers
Inflammation
162 із 200
A 33 year old man died from uraemia. Autopsy revealed enlarged kidneys weighing 500,0 each and consisting of multiple cavities 0,5-2 cm in diameter. The cavities were full of light-yellow transparent liquid. Renal pelvis and ureters had no pecularities. What renal disease caused uraemia?
Bilateral polycystic renal disease
Chronic pyelonephritis
Renal tuberculosis
Renal tumour
Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
163 із 200
A patient got a trauma that caused dysfunction of motor centres regulating activity of head muscles. In what parts of cerebral cortex is the respective centre normally localized?
Inferior part of precentral gyrus
Superior parietal lobule
Angular gyrus
Superior part of precentral gyrus
Supramarginal gyrus
164 із 200
Material taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis 'influenza' was referred to a laboratory. For virological examination the hemadsorption reaction was applied. This reaction can be applied for detection of the following viruses:
Viruses containing hemagglutinins
All the complex viruses
Any viruses
DNA-genomic viruses
All the simple viruses
165 із 200
Lungs of a preterm infant have areas of atelectasis (pulmonary collapse). The main cause is:
Surfactant deficiency
Surfactant excess
Increased viscous resistance
Underdeveloped inspiration muscles
Diminished force of surface tension of lungs
166 із 200
An alcoholic woman has born a girl with mental and physical developmental lag. Doctors diagnosed the girl with fetal alcohol syndrome. What effect is the cause of the girl’s state?
Teratogenic
Mutagenic
Malignization
Mechanic
Carcinogenic
167 із 200
A viral infection has damaged cells that form walls of bile capillaries. This stimulated conditions for inflow of bile into the blood of sinusoidal capillaries. What cells are damaged?
Hepatocytes
Ito cells
Kupffer’s cells
Endotheliocytes
Pit-cells
168 із 200
Dietary intake of a 30 year old nursing woman contains 1000 mg of calcium, 1300 mg of phosphorus and 20 mg of iron per day. It is necessary to change content of these mineral substances in the followi- ng way:
To increase phosphorus content
To increase calcium content
To increase iron content
To reduce fluorine content
To reduce iron content
169 із 200
A patient with obliterating atherosclerosis underwent sympathectomy of femoral artery in the region of femoral trigone. What type of arterial hyperemia was induced by the operation?
Neuroparalytic
Neurotonic
Functional
Metabolic
Reactive
170 із 200
A15 year old girl has pale skin, glossitis, gingivitis. Blood count: erythrocytes -3, 3 cot 1012/l, hemoglobin - 70 g/l, colour index - 0,5. Examination of blood smear revealed hypochromia, microcytosis, poi-kilocytosis. What type of anemia is it?
Iron-deficient
Thalassemia
B12-folic acid-deficient
Hemolytic
Sickle-cell
171 із 200
Burned skin surface was treated with a certain preparation. Its antiseptic properties are provided by atomic oxygen that is formed in presence of organic substances. What preparation was applied?
Potassium permanganate
Alcoholic iodine solution
Sodium hydrocarbonate
Chlorhexidine bigluconate
Furacillin
172 із 200
Cardinal symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism are osteoporosis and renal lesion along with development of urolithiasis. What substance makes up the basis of these calculi in this disease?
Calcium phosphate
Cystine
Bilirubin
Uric acid
Cholesterol
173 із 200
A patient with chronic cardiac insufficiency has been taking foxglove (Digitalis) preparations for a long time. Due to the violation of intake schedule the woman got symptoms of intoxication. These symptoms result from:
Material cumulation
Sensibilization
Antagonism
Tachyphylaxis
Idiosyncrasy
174 із 200
A patient was diagnosed with paralysis of facial and masticatory muscles. The haematoma is inside the genu of internal capsule. What conduction tract is damaged?
Tr. cortico-nuclearis
Tr. cortico-thalamicus
Tr. cortico-temporo-parieto-occipito-pontinus
Tr. cortico-spinalis
Tr. cortico-fronto-pontinus
175 із 200
A 5 year old child is ill with measles. Blood analysis revealed increase of total number of leukocytes up to 13 • 109/l. Leukogram: basophils - 0, eosinophils - 1, myelocytes - 0, juvenile neutrophils - 0, band neutrophils - 2, segmented neutrophils - 41, lymphocytes - 28, monocytes - 28. Name this phenomenon :
Monocytosis
Eosinopenia
Lymphocytosis
Neutropenia
Agranulocytosis
176 із 200
A patient was admitted to the infectious department. His symptoms: dry skin, decreased skin turgor, rice-water stool. The patient was diagnosed with cholera. What disorder of waterelectrolytic balance is most often observed in this disease?
Isoosmotic hypohydration
Hypoosmotic hyperhydration
Hypoosmotic hypohydration
Hyperosmotic hyperhydration
Hyperosmotic hypohydration
177 із 200
A foreign body (a button) closed space of the right superior lobar bronchus. What segments of the right lung won’t be supplied with air?
Apical, posterior, anterior
Apical and median basal
Superior and inferior lingular
Medial and lateral
Apical and posterior basal
178 із 200
A patient was diagnosed with bartholinitis (inflammation of greater vulvovaginal glands). In which organ of urogenital system are these glands localized?
Large lips of pudendum
Small lips of pudendum
Vagina
Uterus
Clitoris
179 із 200
A histological specimen presents an artery. One of the membranes of its wall has flat cells lying on the basal membrane. What type of cells is it?
Endothelium
Smooth myocytes
Mesothelium
Macrophages
Fibroblasts
180 із 200
Study of conversion of a food colouring agent revealed that neutralization of this xenobiotic takes place only in one phase - microsomal oxydation. Name a component of this phase:
Cytochrome P-450
Cytochrome C
Cytochrome oxidase
Cytochrome B
Cytochrome A
181 із 200
Ultrasonic examination of a patient revealed aneurism in the area of aortic arch that caused alteration of vocal function of larynx. What nerve was constricted?
Recurrent laryngeal
Mandibular
Diaphragmatic
Superior laryngeal
Sublingual
182 із 200
A 25 year old man has spent a long time in the sun under high air humidity. As a result of it his body temperature rose up to 39oC. What pathological process is it?
Hyperthermia
Hypothermia
Noninfectious fever
Burn disease
Infectious fever
183 із 200
A 23 year old man has perforation of hard palate. In the area of this perforation there was a compact well-defined formation. Microscopic examination of the resected formation revealed a large focus of caseous necrosis surrounded by granulation tissue with endovasculi- tis, cellular infiltration composed of lymphocytes, epithelioid cells (mainly plasmocytes). What is the most probable diagnosis?
Syphilis
Leprosy
Tuberculosis
Sarcoma
Scleroma
184 із 200
A young woman who entered a production department where it strongly smelt of paints and varnishes had a bronchospasm. This reflex was caused by irritation of the following receptors:
Irritant
Juxtaglomerular
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Pleura receptors
Central chemoreceptors
185 із 200
A 50 year old man who was referred to the hospital for treatment of cervical lymphadenitis underwent test for induvi-dual sensitivity to penicillin. 30 seconds after he went hot all over, AP dropped down to 0 mm Hg that led to cardiac arrest. Resuscitation was unsuccessful. Autopsy results: acute venous plethora of internal organs; histological examination of skin ( from the site of injection) revealed degranulation of mast cells (tissue basophils ). Degranulation was also revealed in myocardium and lungs. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is it?
Anaphylactic
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Immunocomplex-mediated
Complement-mediated cytotoxic
-
186 із 200
One of sections of central nervous system has layerwise arrangement of neurocytes. Among them there are cells of the following forms: stellate, fusiform, horizontal, pyramidal. What section of central nervous system is this structure typical for?
Cortex of cerebrum
Cerebellum
Spinal cord
Hypothalamus
Medulla oblongata
187 із 200
Study of fingerprints (dactylography) is used by criminalists for personal identification as well as for diagnostics of genetic abnormalities, particularly Dawn’s disease. What layer of skin determines individuality of fingerprints?
Dermopapillary
Reticular
Horny
Clear (stratum lucidum epidermidis)
Basal
188 із 200
A patient has herpetic rash. What medication should be administered?
Acyclovir
Clotrimazole
Biseptol
Gentamycin
Benzylpenicillin sodium salt
189 із 200
Cytogenetic examination of a patient with reproductive dysfunction revealed normal karyotype 46 XY in some cells, but most cells have karyotype of Klinefelter’s syndrome - 47 XXY. Such cell heterogeni-ty is called:
Mosaicism
Transposition
Inversion
Duplication
Monomorphism
190 із 200
An isolated muscle fiber is under examination. It was established that the threshold of stimulation force became significantly lower. What is the cause of this phenomenon?
Activation of sodium channels of membrane
Activation of potassium channels of membrane
Inactivation of sodium channels of membrane
Inactivation of potassium channels of membrane
Block of energy production in the cell
191 із 200
During examination of a patient a dentist revealed a lot of 'white spots' zones of enamel demineralization. What microorganisms take part in the development of this process?
Streptococcus mutans
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Veilonella parvula
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus salivarius
192 із 200
Surgical approach to the thyroid gland from the transverse (collar) approach involves opening of interaponeurot suprasternal space. What anatomic structure localized in this space is dangerous to be damaged?
Jugular venous arch
Subclavicular vein
Superior thyroid arthery
External jugular vein
Inferior thyroid arthery
193 із 200
A doctor revealed tissues injury on patient’s scalp with localized suppurations and diagnosed his disease as myiasis. This infestation is caused by larvae of the following insect:
Wohlfahrt fly
Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans)
Kissing bug
Malarial mosquito
Mosquito
194 із 200
A patient with hip fracture was prescribed a narcotic analgetic. Its anesthetic action is determined by interaction with the following receptors:
Opiate receptors
Cholinoreceptors
GABA-ergic receptors
Benzodiazepine receptors
Adrenoreceptors
195 із 200
A patient consumed a lot of reach in proteins food that caused increase of rate of proteolytic enzymes of pancreatic juice. It is also accompanied by increase of rate of the following enzyme:
Tripsin
Enterokinase
Renin
Pepsin
Gastricsin
196 із 200
In course of an experiment thalamocortical tracts of an animal were cut. What type of sensory perception remained intact?
Olfactory
Visual
Auditory
Nociceptive
Exteroreceptive
197 із 200
A 2 year old child had acute respiratory viral infection and died from cardiopulmonary decompensation. Autopsy revealed that his right lung was hyperemic; in the 2nd, 6th and 10th segments and on the incision there were airless yellowish foci of irregular form, from several mm up to 1 cm large. Mi- croscopical examination revealed exudate consisting mainly of neutrophils in the given areas of pulmonary tissue in the alveoles, bronchioles and bronchial tubes. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Focal pneumonia
Interstitial pneumonia
Acute bronchitis
Croupous pneumonia
Pulmonary abscess
198 із 200
A 25 year old patient was examined by a medical board. Examination revealed pathology of chest. Transverse dimensions were to small and the sternum was strongly protruding. What chest type is it?
Keeled chest
Barrel chest
Cylindrical chest
Funnel chest
Flat chest
199 із 200
An infectious disease caused contractive activity of muscles that contract and dilate eye pupil ( paralytic state). What functional eye system was damaged?
Accomodative
Ancillary
Photosensory
Lacrimal apparatus
Dioptric
200 із 200
Brain tomography revealed a tumour in the region of red nucleus. What part of brain isdamaged?
Midbrain
Cerebellum
Pons cerebelli
Interbrain
Medulla oblongata