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An unconscious patient was delivered to the admission ward. Objectively: the patient’s skin is cold, pupils are myotic, he has laboured Cheyne-Stokes respiration, arterial pressure is low, urinary bladder is full. What substance has caused intoxication?
Muscarinic receptor blockers
Narcotic analgetics
-
Non-narcotic analgetics
Tranquilizers
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Characteristic sign of glycogenosis is muscle pain during physical work. Blood examination reveals usually hypoglycemia. This pathology is caused by congenital deficiency of the following enzyme:
Lysosomal glycosidase
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Gamma amylase
Alpha amylase
Glycogen phosphorylase
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A woman works as railway traffic controller. She suffers from seasonal vasomotor rhinitis and gets treatment in the outpatient setting. She was prescribed an antihistamine that has no effect upon central nervous system. What drug is it?
Tavegil
Loratadine
Suprastin
Promethazine
Dimedrol
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During an operation a patient got injection of muscle relaxant dithylinum. Relaxation of skeletal muscles and inhibition of respiration lasted two hours. This condition was caused by absence of the following enzyme in blood serum:
Glucose 6-phosphatase
Catalase
Acetylcholinesterase
Glutathione peroxidase
Butyrylcholin esterase
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Examination of a patient suffering from cancer of urinary bladder revealed high rate of serotonin and hydroxyanthranilic acid. It is caused by excess of the following amino acid in the organism:
Histidine
Tyrosine
Methionine
Tryptophan
Alanine
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Blood of a 12 year old boy presents low concentration of uric acid and accumulation of xanthine and hypoxanthine. This child has genetic defect of the following enzyme:
Xanthine oxidase
Ornithine carbamoyltransferase
Urease
Glycerylkinase
Arginase
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A patient who suffers from insomnia caused by emotional disorder was prescribed a hypnotic drug with tranquillizing effect. What hypnotic was prescribed?
Nitrazepam
Phenobarbital
Sodium ethaminal
Bromisoval
Chloral hydrate
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A patient is ill with diabetes melli-tus accompanied by hyperglycemia on an empty stomach (7,2 millimole/l). The hyperglycemia rate can be retrospectively estimated (over the last 4-8 weeks before the examination) on the ground of the rate of the following blood plasma protein:
Ceruloplasmin
Albumin
Glycated hemoglobin
Fibrinogen
C -reactive protein
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In course of laparotomy a surgeon revealed gangrenous lesion of descending colon. It was caused by thrombosis of the following artery:
Median colic
Dexter colic
Sinister colic
Ileocolic
Superior mesenteric artery
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A 60 year old patient has impaired perception of high-frequency sounds. These changes were caused by damage of the following auditory analyzer structures:
Tympanic membrane
Main cochlea membrane near the helicotrema
Middle ear muscles
Main cochlea membrane near the oval window
Eustachian tube
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A patient has low rate of magnesium ions that are necessary for affixion of ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum. It is known that it causes disturbance of protein biosynthesis. At what stage is protein biosynthesis impaired?
Replication
Termination
Translation
Transcription
Amino acid activation
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A healthy man is in a region with high risk of catching malaria. What drug should be administered for individual chemoprophylaxis of malaria?
Tetracycline
Biseptol
Metronidazole
Sulfalen
Chingamin
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A full-term newborn child has yellowish skin and mucous membranes. This might be probably caused by temporary deficiency of the following enzyme:
Uridine transferase
Biliverdin reductase
Heme synthetase
Heme oxygenase
UDPglucoronyltransferase
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A patient ill with neurodermatitis has been taking prednisolone for a long time. Examination revealed high rate of sugar in his blood. This complication is caused by the drug influence upon the following link of carbohydrate metabolism:
Intensification of glucose absorption in the bowels
Inhibition of glycogen synthesis
Activation of insulin decomposition
Gluconeogenesis activation
Glycogenogenesis activation
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Labelled amino acids alanine and tryptophane were injected to a mouse in order to study localization of protein synthesis in its cells. The labelled amino acids will be accumulated near the following organellas:
Ribosomes
Cell centre
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosomes
Golgi apparatus
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Students who are taking examinations often have dry mouth. The mechanism that causes this state is the realization of the following reflexes:
Conditioned parasympathetic
Unconditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned parasympathetic
Unconditioned peripheral
Conditioned sympathetic
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Inflammation of the tympanic cavity (purulent otitis media) was complicated by inflammation of mammillary process sockets. What wall of tympanic cavity did the pus penetrate into the sockets through?
Posterior
Lateral
Superior
Medial
Anterior
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Examination of a patient revealed typical presentations of collagenosis. This pathology is characterized by increase of the following urine index:
Hydroxyproline
Arginine
Ammonium salts
Mineral salts
Glucose
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Untrained people often have muscle pain after sprints as a result of lactate accumulation. This might be caused by intensification of the following biochemical process:
Pentose phosphate pathway
Glycolysis
Glycogenesis
Gluconeogenesis
Lipogenesis
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Examination of a patient suffering from frequent haemorrhages in the inner organs and mucous membranes revealed proline and lysine being included in collagen fibers. Impairment of their hydroxylation is caused by lack of the following vitamin:
K
A
E
C
D
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During an experiment a skeletal muscle is stimulated by a series of electric impulses. What type of muscle contraction will be observed provided that each subsequent impulse comes in the period of shortening of the previous single muscle contraction?
Holotetanus
A series of single contractures
Partial tetanus
Asynchronous tetanus
Muscle contracture
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A 48 year old patient complained about intense pain, slight swelling and reddening of skin over the joints, temperature rise up to 38oC. Blood analysis revealed high concentration of urates. This condition might be caused by disturbed metabolism of:
Cholesterol
Collagen
Pyrimidines
Carbohydrates
Purines
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An experimantal animal that was kept on protein-free diet developed fatty liver infiltration, in particular as a result of deficiency of methylating agents. This is caused by disturbed generation of the following metabolite:
Cholesterol
Choline
DOPA
Linoleic acid
Acetoacetate
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A 46 year old woman suffering from chololithiasis developed jaundice. Her urine became darkyellow and feces became colourless. Blood serum will have the highest concentration of the following substance:
Unconjugated bilirubin
Biliverdin
Urobilinogen
Mesobilirubin
Conjugated bilirubin
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A patient suffering from infectious mononucleosis has been taking glucocorticosteroids for two weeks. This resulted in remission but the patient got exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis. This complication is induced by the following effect of glucocorticosteroids:
Anti-shock
Immunosuppressive
Antiallergenic
Antitoxic
Anti-inflammatory
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A 62 year woman complains of frequent pain attacks in the area of her chest and backbone, rib fractures. Her doctor suspected myeloma (plasmocytoma). What of the following laboratory characteristics will be of the greatest diagnostic importance?
Proteinuria
Paraproteinemia
Hypoglobulinemia
Hypoproteinemia
Hyperalbuminemia
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A newborn child has convulsions that have been observed after prescription of vitamin B6. This most probable cause of this effect is that vitamin B6 is a componet of the following enzyme:
Glycogen phosphorylase
Glutamate decarboxylase
Pyruvate dehydrostase
Netoglubarate dehydromine
Aminolevulinate synthase
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A patient who has been abusing tobacco smoking for a long time has got cough accompanied by excretion of viscous mucus; weakness after minor physical stress, pale skin. The patient has also lost 12,0 kg of body weight. Endoscopic examination of biosy material his illness was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Name a pathological process that preceded formation of the tumour:
Hypoplasia
Hyperplasia
Necrosis
Sclerosis
Metaplasia
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Bacterioscopic examination of a smear from the pharynx of a diphtheria suspect revealed bacilli with volutine granules. What etiotropic drug should be chosen in this case?
Diphtheritic anatoxin
Bacteriophage
Antidiphtheritic antitoxic serum
Eubiotic
Interferon
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A patient caught a cold after which there appeared facial expression disorder. He cannot close his eyes, raise his eyebrows, bare his teeth. What nerve is damaged?
Glossopharyngeal
Infraorbital
Trigeminus
Vagus
Facial
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A patient underwent an operation on account of gall bladder excision that resulted in obstruction of Ca absorption through the bowels wall. What vitamin wil stimulate this process?
D3
C
K
B12
PP
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A 70 year old female patient was diagnosed with fracture of left femoral neck accompanied by disruption of ligament of head of femur. The branch of the following artery is damaged:
Internal pudendal
Inferior gluteal
Obturator
Femoral
External iliac
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ECG of a patient shows prolongation of T-wave. This is caused by deceleration in ventricles of:
Depolarization and repolarization
Repolarization
Contraction
Relaxation
Depolarization
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A patient complains of frequent diarrheas, especially after consumption of rich food, weight loss. Laboratory examination revealed steatorrhea; his feces were hypocholic. What might have caused such condition?
Obturation of biliary tracts
Inflammation of mucous membrane of small intestine
Lack of pancreatic phospholipase
Unbalanced diet
Lack of pancreatic lipase
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Examination of a patient with pustular skin lesions allowed to isolate a causative agent that forms in the blood agar roundish yellow middle-sized colonies surrounded by haemolysis zone. Smears from the colonies contain irregularshaped clusters of gram-positive cocci. The culture is oxidase- and catalasepositive, ferments mannitol and synthesizes plasmocoagulase. What causative agent was isolated?
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
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A patient complained about being unable to adduct and abduct fingers in the metacarpophalangeal articulations towards and away from the 3rd finger. Which muscles’ function is impaired?
Extensors
Interosseous muscles
Long flexors of fingers
Breviflexors of fingers
Lumbrical muscles
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A 44 year old woman complains of general weakness, heart pain, significant increase of body weight. Objectively: moon face, hirsutism, AP is 165/100 mm Hg, height - 164 cm, weight - 103 kg; the fat is mostly accumulated on her neck, thoracic girdle, belly. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of obesity?
Reduced production of thyroid hormones
Increased mineralocorticoid production
Increased production of glucocorticoids
Increased insulin production
Reduced glucagon production
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A 34 year old woman was diagnosed with hereditary microspherocytic hemolytic anemia ( Minkowsky-Shauffard disease). What mechanism caused haemolysis of erythrocytes?
Bone marrow hypoploasia
Membranopathy
Autoimmune disorder
Hemoglobinopathy
Enzymopathy
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According to the model of double DNA helix that was suggested by Watson and Creek, it was established that one of chains would not be lost during replication and the second chain would be synthesized complementary to the first one. What way of replication is it?
Semiconservative
Analogous
Conservative
Dispersed
Identical
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A 4 year old child was admitted to the orthopaedic department with shin fracture together with displacement. Bone fragments reposition requires preliminary analgesia. What preparation should be chosen?
Morphine hydrochloride
Analgin
-
Promedol
Panadol
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A patient suffers from hepatoci-rrhosis. State of antitoxic liver function can be characterized by examination of the following substance exreted by urine:
Hippuric acid
Amino acids
Creatinine
Uric acid
Ammonium salts
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A 22 year old patient from the West Ukraine complains of laboured nasal breathing. Morphological examination of biopsy material of nasal mucous membrane revealed lymphoid, epithelioid, plasma cells as well as Mikulicz’s cells. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Glanders
Syphilis
Tuberculosis
Rhinoscleroma
Leprosy
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Vitamin A together with specific cytoreceptors penetrates through the nuclear membranes, induces transcription processes that stimulate growth and differentiation of cells. This biological function is realized by the following form of vitamin A:
Carotin
Trans-retinal
Trans-retinoic acid
Cis-retinal
Retinol
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During preparation of a patient to a heart surgery it was necessary to measure pressure in heart chambers. In one of them pressure varied from 0 mm Hg up to 120 mm Hg within one cardiac cycle. What heart chamber is it?
Right atrium
Left atrium
-
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
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Examination of coronary arteries revealed atherosclerotic calcified plaques closing vessel lumen by 1/3. The muscle has multiple whitish layers of connective tissue. What process was revealed in the myocardium?
Myocardium infarction
Postinfarction cardiosclerosis
Myocarditis
Tiger heart
Diffusive cardiosclerosis
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In order to determine toxigenicity of diphtheria bacilli a strip of filter paper impregnated with antitoxic diphtherial serum was put on the dense nutrient medium. There were also inoculated a mi-crobal culture under examination and a strain that is known to be toxigenic. If the microbal culture under examination produces exotoxin, this wil result in formation of:
Zones of diffuse opacification
Haemolysis zones
Zones of lecithovitellinous activity
Precipitin ring
Precipitin lines
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A 63 year old male patient who had been suffering from chronic diffuse obstructive disease, pulmonary emphysema, for 15 years died from cardiac insufficiency. Autopsy revealed nutmeg liver cirrhosis, cyanotic induration of kidneys and spleen, ascites, edemata of lower limbs. These changes of internal organs are typical for the following disease:
Acute right-ventricular insufficiency
General cardiac insufficiency
Chronic right-ventricular insufficiency
Chronic left-ventricular insufficiency
Acute left-ventricular insufficiency
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Examination of an ovary specimen stained by hematoxylin-eosine revealed a follicle in which follicular epithelium consisted of 1-2 layers of cubic cells. There was also a bright red membrane around the ovocyte. What follicle is it?
Mature
Atretic
Primary
Secondary
Primordial
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A newborn child suffers from milk curdling in stomach, this means that soluble milk proteins ( caseins) transform to insoluble proteins (paracaseins) by means of calcium ions and a certain enzyme. What enzyme takes part in this process?
Renin
Pepsin
Secretin
Lipase
Gastrin
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A patient suffers from diabetes meli-tus. After the regular insulin injection his condition grew worse: there appeared anxiety, cold sweat, tremor of limbs, general weakness, dizziness. What preparation can eliminate these symptoms?
Caffeine
Butamide
Adrenaline hydrochloride
Glibutide
Noradrenaline
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A patient has difficulties with hand movement. Examination revealed inflammation of common synovial sheath of flexor muscles. It is known from the patient’s anamnesis that he got a stab wound of finger a week ago. Which finger was most probably damaged?
Digitus medius
Digitus minimus
Index
Digitus anularis
Pollex
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Clinical diagnosis of a female patient was gonorrhoea. What examination method can be applied for confirmation of this diagnosis?
Hemagglutination reaction
Microscopy of pathological material
Infection of laboratory animals
Test with bacteriophage
Immobilization reaction
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Autopsy of a man who died from burn disease revealed brain edema, liver enlargement as well as enlargement of kidneys with wide light-grey cortical layer and plethoric medullary area. Microscopic examination revealed necrosis of tubules of main segments along with destruction of basal membranes, intersti-cium edema with leukocytic infiltration and haemorrhages. What is the most probable postmortem diagnosis?
Tubulointerstitial nephritis
Pyelonephritis
Myeloma kidney
Gouty kidney
Necrotic nephrosis
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A 30 year old man had been suffering from acute respiratory disease and died from cardiopulmonary decompensation. Autopsy revealed fibrinous-haemorrhagic inflammation in the mucous membrane of larynx and trachea, destructive panbronchitis, enlarged lungs that look black due to the multiple abcesses, haemorrhages, necrosis. What is the most probable postmortem diagnosis?
Parainfluenza
Influenza
Adenoviral infection
Measles
Respiratory syncytial infection
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A 19 year old woman suffers from primary syphilis. Doctor administered her complex therapy that includes benzylpenicillin sodium salt. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?
It blocks thiol enzymes
It blocks RNA synthesis
It blocks synthesis of peptidoglycan of microbal membrane
It blocks synthesis of cytoplasm proteins
It blocks DNA synthesis
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A 65 year old female patient suffers from chronic renal insufficiency accompanied by evident edemata caused by chronic glomerulonephritis. What diuretic should be administered for forced diuresis?
Hydrochlorothiazide
Cyclometazide
Chlorthalidone
Furosemide
Acetazolamide
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6 months after labour a woman had uterine hemorrhage. Gynaecological examination of uterine cavity revealed a dark-red tissue with multiple cavities resembling of a 'sponge'. Microscopic examination of a tumour revealed in blood lacunas atypic light epithelial Langhans cells and giant cells of syncyti-otrophoblast. What tumour is it?
Adenocarcinoma
Cystic mole
Chorioepithelioma
Squamous cell nonkeratinous carcinoma
Fibromyoma
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Atria of an experimental animal were superdistended by blood that resulted in decreased reabsorption of Na+ and water in renal tubules. This can be explained by the influence of the following factor upon kidneys:
Vasopressin
Renin
Angiotensin
Natriuretic hormone
Aldosterone
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A patient suffering from periodical attacks caused by inhalation of different flavoring substances was diagnosed with atopic bronchial asthma. IgE level was increased. This is typical for the following type of reactions:
Cytotoxic reactions
Immunocomplex reactions
Autoimmune reactions
Anaphylactic reactions
delayed-type hypersensitivity
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During regular examination of schoolchildren it was revealed that a 10 year old girl had asymmetric oval eggs with a larva in the scrape from her perianal folds. What diagnosis should be made?
Ankylostomiasis
Enterobiasis
Ascariasis
Trichocephalosis
Amebiasis
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Histological examination of a 40 year old man’s thymus revealed reduced share of parenchymatous elements, increased share of adipose and loose connective tissue, its enrichment with thymus bodies. The organ’s mass was unchanged. What is this phenomenon called?
Atrophy
Hypotrophy
Age involution
Accidental involution
Dystrophy
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A 56 year old patient suffering from cardiac insufficiency has edema of feet and shins, edematous skin is pale and cold. What is the leding mechanism of edema pathogenesis?
Disorder of lymph outflow
Rise of hydrostatic pressure in venules
Increase of capillary permeability
Drop of oncotic pessure in capillaries
Positive water balance
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Researchers of a bacteriological laboratory examine tinned meat for botulinic toxin. For this purpose a group of mice was injected with an extract of the material under examination and antitoxic antibotulinic serum of A, B, E types. A control group of mice was injected with the same extract but without antibotuli-nic serum. What serological reaction was applied?
Double immune diffusion
Complement binding
Neutralization
Opsonocytophagic
Precipitation
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A clinic observes a 49 year old patient with significant prolongation of coagulation time, gastrointestinal haemorrhages, subcutaneous hematomas. These symptoms might be explained by the deficiency of the following vitamin:
Bi
K
E
H
B6
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A patient suffering from chronic cardiac insufficiency was recommended to undergo a prophylactic course of treatment with a cardiological drug from the group of cardiac glycosides that is to be taken enterally. What drug was recommended?
Cordiamin
Corglycon
Strophanthine
Cordarone
Digoxin
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A cerebral trauma caused increased ammonia generation. What amino acid participates in the excretion of ammonia from the cerebral tissue?
Tryptophan
Valine
Tyrosine
Glutamic
Lysine
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During the repeated Widal’s agglutination test it was noticed that the ratio of antibody titers and O-antigens S.typhi in the patient’s serum had increased from 1:100 to 1:400. How would you interpret these results?
The patient has typhoid fever
The patient was previously vaccinated against typhoid fever
The patient is an acute carrier of typhoid microbes
The patient is a chronic carrier of typhoid microbs
The patient previously had typhoid fever
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It is known that the gene responsible for development of blood groups according to AB0 system has three allele variants. If a man has IV blood group, it can be explained by the following variability form:
Phenocopy
Mutational
Combinative
Phenotypic
Genocopy
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48 hours after tuberculine test (Mantoux test) a child had a papule 10 mm in diameter on the spot of tuberculine injection. What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies these changes?
Granulomatosis
Anaphylaxy
Immunocomplex cytotoxicity
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
Cellular cytotoxicity
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Examination of a newborn boy’s genitalia revealed an urethral hiatus that opens on the undersite of his penis. What malformation is it?
Cryptorhidism
Monorchism
Epispadia
Hypospadias
Hermaphroditism
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A patient complains about impaired evacuatory function of stomach (longterm retention of food in stomach). Examination revealed a tumour of initial part of duodenum. Specify localization of the tumour:
Pars inferior
Flexura duodeni inferior
Pars ascendens
Pars superior
Pars descendens
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A concentrated solution of sodium chloride was intravenously injected to an animal. This caused decreased reabsorption of sodium ions in the renal tubules. It is the result of the following changes of hormonal secretion:
Aldosterone increase
Vasopressin reduction
Aldosterone reduction
Reduction of atrial natriuretic factor
Vasopressin increase
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People adapted to high external temperatures have such pecularity: profuse sweating isn’t accompanied by loss of large volumes of sodium chloride. This is caused by the effect of the following hormone upon the perspiratory glands:
Vasopressin
Aldosterone
Tgyroxin
Cortisol
Natriuretic
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Emotional stress causes activation of hormon-sensitive triglyceride lipase in the adipocytes. What secondary mediator takes part in this process?
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Ions of Ca2+
Adenosine monophosphate
Diacylglycerol
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A patient has been syffering from diarrhea for 5 day. On the fith day colonoscopy revealed that membrane of rectum was inflamed, there were greyish-green films closely adhering to the subjacent tissue. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Typhoid fever
Salmonellosis
Dysentery
Crohn’s disease
Nonspecific ulcerous colitis
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A 17 year old boy fell seriously ill, the body temperature rose up to 38,5oC, there appeared cough, rhinitis, lacrimati-on, nasal discharges. What inflammation is it?
Catarrhal
Serous
Purulent
Hemorrhagic
Fibrinous
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A 25 year old Palestinian woman complains of weakness, dizziness, dyspnea. In anamnesis: periodically exacerbating anemia. In blood: Hb - 60 g/l, erythrocytes - 2,5 • 1012/l, reticulocytes - 35o/oo, anisocytosis and poikilocytosis of erythrocytes, a lot of target cells and polychromatophils. What type of anemia is it?
Minkowsky-Shauffard disease
Sickle-cell anemia
Thalassemia
Addison-Biermer disease
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient anemia
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A patient suffering from initial hypertension has been taking an antihypertensive preparation for a long time. Suddenly he stopped taking this preparation. After this his condition grew worse, this led to development of hypertensive crisis. This by-effect can be classified as:
Abstinence syndrome
Dependence
Tolerance
Sensibilization
Cumulation
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Inflammatory processes cause synthesis of protein of acute phase in an organism. What substances stumulate their synthesis?
Biogenic amins
Immunoglobulins
Interferons
Angiotensin
Interleukin-1
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A 42 year old woman with neuralgia of trifacial nerve complains about periodical reddening of the right part of her face and neck, sense of warmth gush, increased skin sensitivity. These effects can be explained by the following type of arterial hyperemia:
Functional
Metabolic
Neuroparalytic
Reactive
Neurotonic
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A 30 year old woman has face edemata. Examination revealed proteinuria (5,87 g/l), hypoproteinemia, dysproteinemia, hyperlipidemia. What condition is the set of these symptoms typical for?
Nephritic syndrome
Chronic renal failure
Chronic pyelonephritis
Nephrotic syndrome
Acute renal failure
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Autopsy of a 17 year old girl who died from pulmonary failure revealed a small area of caseous necrosis in the inferior lobe of the right lung, and occurences of caseous necrosis in the bronchopulmonary, bronchial and bi-furcational lymph nodes. What is the most probable postmortem diagnosis?
Hematogenous tuberculosis with predominant lung affection
Caseous pneumonia under secondary tuberculosis
Tuberculoma
Hematogenous progression of primary tuberculosis
Primary tuberculosis
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A patient has a decreased vasopressin synthesis that causes polyuria and as a result of it evident organism dehydratati-on. What is the mechanism of polyuria development?
Acceleration of glomerular filtration
Reduced tubular reabsorption of Na ions
Reduced tubular reabsorption of protein
Reduced glucose reabsorption
Reduced tubular reabsorption of water
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A 35 year old man consulted a dentist about reduced density of dental tissue, high fragility of teeth during eating solid food. This patient suffers the most probably from the deficiency of the following mineral element:
Magnesium
Calcium
Iron
Potassium
Sodium
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A patient staying in the pulmonologi-cal department was diagnosed with pulmonary emphysema accompanied by reduced elasticity of pulmonary tissue. What type of respiration is observed?
Inspiratory dyspnea
Superficial respiration
Expiratory dyspnea
Infrequent respiration
Periodic respiration
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A 4 year old child complained of pain during deglutition, indisposition. Objectively: palatine arches and tonsils are moderately edematic and hyperemic, there are greyish-white films up to 1 mm thick closely adhering to the subjacent tissues. What pathological process are these changes typical for?
Dystrophy
Inflammation
Metaplasia
Organization
Necrosis
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An unconscious young man with signs of morphine poisoning entered admission office. His respiration is shallow and infrequent which is caused by inhibition of respiratory centre. What type of respiratory failure is it?
Perfusive
Ventilative dysregulatory
Ventilative restrictive
Ventilative obstructive
Diffusive
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A patient with cholelithiasis fell ill with mechanic jaundice. Examination revealed that the stone was in the common bile duct. What bile-excreting ducts make up the obturated duct?
Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus choledochus
Ductus hepaticus dexter et ductus cysticus
Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus cysticus
Ductus hepaticus dexter et sinister
Ductus hepaticus sinister et ductus cysticus
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A patient is 44 years old. Laboratory examination of his blood revealed that content of proteins in plasma was 40 g/l. What influence will be exerted on the transcapillary water exchange?
Filtration will be increased, reabsorption - decreased
Both filtration and reabsorption will be decreased
Exchange will stay unchanged
Filtration will be decreased, reabsorption - increased
Both filtration and reabsorption will be increased
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After destruction of CNS structures an animal lost orientative reflexes. What structure was destroyed?
Lateral vestibular nuclei
Red nucleus
Medial reticular nuclei
Quadrigeminal plate
Black substance
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An isolated cell of human heart automatically generates excitement impulses with frequency of 60 times per minute. This cell was taken from the following heart structure :
His’ bundle
Ventricle
Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
Atrium
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 62 year old patient who previously worked as stoker was admitted to a hospital with complaints about general weakness, abrupt weight loss, hoarse voice, dyspnea, dry cough. Laryngoscopy revealed a tumour in the pharynx that invaded vocal cords and epiglottis. What is the most probable cause of tumour development?
Ionizing radiation
Retroviruses
Nitrosamines
Aromatic amines and amides
Polycyclic aromatic carbohydrates
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a man who had been working hard under higher temperature of the environment revealed abnormal quantity of blood plasma proteins. What phenomenon is the case?
Absolute hyperproteinemia
Absolute hypoproteinemia
Dysproteinemia
Paraproteinemia
Relative hyperproteinemia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with thrombophlebitis of his lower limbs had chest pain, blood spitting, progressing respiratory insufficiency that led to his death. Autopsy diagnosed multiple lung infarctions. What is the most probable cause of their development?
Thromboembolism of bronchial arteries
Thrombosis of pulmonary artery branches
Thrombosis of bronchial arteries
Thrombosis of pulmonary veins
Thromboembolism of pulmonary artery branches
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During influenza epidemic 40% of pupils who didn’t go in for sports were affected by the disease, and among the pupils who regularly did physical exercises this index was only 20%. What adaptati-ve mechanisms determined such a low sickness rate of pupils participating in the sports?
Specific adaptation
Genetic adaptation
Physiological adaptation
Biochemical adaptation
Cross adaptation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffers from stenocardia and takes isosorbide mononitrate. He was prescribed a complementary drug with disaggregating effect. What drug is it?
Validol
Nifedipine
Nitroglycerine
Propranolol
Acetylsalicinic acid
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient in postoperative period was prescribed an anticholinesterase drug for stimulation of intestinal peristalsis and tonus of urinary bladder. What drug is it?
Mannitol
Dichlothiazide
Proserin
Reserpine
Propanolol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has acne on his face. Mi-crospcopic examination of scrapings from the affected areas revealed living porrect vermiform arthropoda 0,2-0,5 mm large with four pairs of short extremities in the front part of their bodies. What is the laboratory diagnosis?
Demodicosis
Phthiriasis
Myiasis
Scabies
Pediculosis
‹ Назад
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Among junior children of an orphanage an outbreak of intestinal infection with signs of colienteritis was registered. In order to identify isolated causative agent it is necessary to:
To study biochemical properties of the causative agent
Study antigenic properties of the causative agent
To study virulence of the causative agent
To determine sensitivity to antibiotics
To study sensitivity to bacteriophages
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 45 year old man consulted a doctor about a plaque-like formation on his neck. Histological examination of a skin bi-optate revealed clusters of round and oval tumour cells with a narrow border of basophilic cytoplasm resembling of cells of basal epidermal layer. What tumour is it?
Epidermal cancer
Syringoadenoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Hydroadenoma
Trichoepithelioma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 45 year old patient was admitted to the cardiological department. ECG data: negative P wave overlaps QRS complex, diastolic interval is prolonged after extrasystole. What type of extrasystole is it?
Atrioventricular
Sinus
Bundle-branch
Ventricular
Atrial
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Далі ›
A virological laboratory obtained pathological material (mucous discharges from nasal meatuses) taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis 'influenza'. What quick test will allow to reveal specific viral antigen in the material under examination?
Radioimmunoassay
Direct and indirect immunofluorescence test
Hemagglutination inhibition assay
Direct and indirect fluorescence immunoassay
-
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Далі ›
A family of students who came from Africa got a child with anemia signs. The child died soon. Examination revealed that the child’s erythrocytes have abnormal semilunar shape. Specify genotypes of the child’s parents:
Aa x AA
AA x AA
Aa x Aa
aa x aa
Aa x aa
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Two hours after an exam a student had a blood count done and it was revealed that he had leukocytosis without significant leukogram modifications. What is the most probable mechanism of leukocytosis development?
Leukopoiesis intensification
Redistribution of leukocytes in the organism
Deceleration of leukocyte migration to the tissues
Leukopoiesis intensification and deceleration of leukocyte lysis
Deceleration of leukocyte lysis
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A 66 year old female patient got intravenous injection of magnesium sulfate solution for the purpose of elimination of hypertensive crisis. But arterial pressure didn’t go down and after repeated introduction of the same preparation there appered sluggishness, slow response, inhibition of consciousness and respiration. What preparation is antagonist of magnesium sulfate and can eliminate symptoms of its overdose?
Potassium permanganate
Potassium chloride
Activated carbon
Calcium chloride
Sodium chloride
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Hepatitis has led to the development of hepatic failure. Mechanism of edemata formation is activated by the impairment of the following liver function:
Antitoxic
Protein-synthetic
Barrier
Chologenetic
Glycogen-synthetic
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A patient working at a pig farm complains about paroxysmal abdominal pain, liquid feces with admixtures of mucus and blood, headache, weakness, fever. Examination of large intestine revealed ulcers from 1 mm up to several cm large, feces contained oval unicellular organisms with cilia. What disease should be suspected?
Toxoplasmosis
Trichomoniasis
Lambliasis
Amebiasis
Balantidiasis
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A patient staggers and walks astraddle. He has hypomyotonia of arm and leg muscles, staccato speech. In what brain section is this affection localized?
Motor cortex
Caudate nucleus
Cerebellum
Red nucleus
Putamen
‹ Назад
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During hypersensitivity test a patient got subcutaneous injection of an antigen which caused reddening of skin, edema, pain as a result of histamine action. This biogenic amine is generated as a result of transformation of the following histidine amino acid:
Phosphorylation
Decarboxylation
Deaminization
Isomerization
Methylation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Normal, actively dividing cells of human red bone marrow are analyzed. What number of cells’ chromosomes is typical for G1 period?
46
48
23
45
47
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Blood group of a 30 year old man was specified before an operation. His blood is Rh-positive. Reaction of erythrocyte agglutination was absent with standard sera of 0afi (I), Afi (II), Ba (III) groups. The blood under examination is of the following group:
Ba (III)
Afi (II)
-
0afi (I)
AB (IV)
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A 64 year old woman has impairment of twilight vision (hemeralopy). What vitamin should be recommended in the first place?
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin B6
Vitamin E
Vitamin B2
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient underwent appendectomy. In the postoperative period he has been taking an antibiotic. The patient complains about hearing impairment and vestibular disorders. What group of antibiotics has such by-effects?
Penicillins
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Cephalosporins
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A patient was stung by a bee. Examination revealed that his left hand was hot, pink, edematic, there was a big red blister on the site of sting. What is the leading mechanism of edema development?
Drop of osmotic pressure in tissue
Injury of vessels caused by the sting
Reduced vessel filling
Increased vessel permeability
Drop of oncotic pressure in tissue
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Далі ›
A patient complained about dizziness, memory impairment, periodical convulsions. It was revealed that these changes were caused by a product of decarboxylation of glutamic acid. Name this product:
ATP
GABA
TDP
Pyridoxal phosphate
THFA
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A sportsman needs to improve his sporting results. He was recommended to take a preparation that contains carnitine. What process is activated the most by this compound?
Calcium ions transporting
Glucose transporting
Fatty acids transporting
Vitamin K transporting
Amino acids transporting
‹ Назад
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Laboratory examination of a child revealed increased concentration of leucine, valine, isoleucine and their ketoderi-vatives in blood and urine. Urine smelt of maple syrup. This disease is characterized by the deficit of the following enzyme:
Phosphofructokinase
Phosphofructomutase
Aminotransferase
Dehydrogenase of branched amino acids
Glucose-6-phosphatase
‹ Назад
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A 7 year old child often suffers from streprococcic angina. Doctor suspected development of rheumatism and administered serological examination. The provisional diagnosis will be most probably confirmed by presence of antibodies to the following streptococcic antigen:
M-protein
Erythrogenic toxin
O-streptolysin
Capsular polysaccharide
C-carbohydrate
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A 46 year old patient who had been suffering from tuberculosis for 6 years died from massive pulmonary haemorrhage. Autopsy revealed different-sixed foci of sclerosis and caseous necrosis in lungs, in the upper part of the right lung there was a cavity 5 cm in diameter with dense grey walls, the cavity contained liquid blood and blood clots. What type of tuberculosis is it?
Acute focal
Infiltrative
Acute cavernous
Fibrocavernous
Fibrous focal
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A patient suffering from pheochromocyton complains of thirst, dry mouth, hunger. Blood test for sugar revealed hyperglycemia. What type of hyperglycemia is it?
Alimentary
Somatotropic
Adrenal
Hypercorticoid
Hypoinsulinemic
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A patient has been suffering from elevated temperature and attacks of typical cough for 10 days. Doctor administered inoculation of mucus from the patient’s nasopharynx on the agar. What microorganism is presumed?
Listeria
Pfeiffer’s bacillus
Pertussis bacillus
Staphylococcus
Klebsiella
‹ Назад
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A patient suffering from stenocardia was taking nitroglycerine which caused restoration of blood supply of myocardium and relieved pain in the cardiac area. What intracellular mechanism provides restoration of energy supply of insulted cells?
Intensification of RNA generation
Reduction of ATP resynthesis
Intensification of oxygen transporting into the cell
Increased permeability of membranes
Intensification of ATP resynthesis
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A 50 year old patient has been taking treatment thrice for the last 6 months because of fractures caused by domestic accidents. Microscopical examination of bony tissue revealed foci of lacunar resolution, giant-cell granulomas in the tumour-like formations, cysts. Bony tissue was substituted by fibrous connective tissue. Examination revealed also adenoma of parathyroid gland and hypercalcemia. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Myelomatosis
Paget’s disease
Parathyroid osteodystrophy
Osteopetrosis
Osteomyelitis
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A couple had a child with Down’s disease. Mother is 42 years old. This disease is most probably caused by the following impairment of prenatal development:
Non-specific fetopathy
Blastopathy
Gametopathy
Embryopathy
Specific fetopathy
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A man weighs 80 kg, after long physical activity his circulating blood volume is reduced down to 5,4 l, hematocrit makes up 50%, whole blood protein is 80 g/l. These blood characteristics are determined first of all by:
Increased number of erythrocytes
Increased circulating blood volume
Water loss with sweat
Increased protein concentration in plasm
Increased diuresis
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Далі ›
Examination of a pregnant woman revealed twice as much concentration of fibrinogen in blood plasm. What ESR can this woman have?
10-15 mm/h
40-50 mm/h
0-5 mm/h
5-10 mm/h
2-12 mm/h
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Далі ›
Examination of a child who frequently suffers from infectious diseases revealed that IgG concentration in blood serum was 10 times less than normal, IgA and IgM concentration was also significantly reduced. Analysis showed also lack of B-lymphocytes and plasmocytes. What disease are these symptoms typical for?
Dysimmunoglobulinemia
Swiss-type agammaglobulinemia
Di George syndrome
Bruton’s disease
Louis-Bar syndrome
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Introduction of a big dose of histamine to an experimental animal caused abrupt drop of arterial pressure as a result of:
Increase of heart rate
Decrease of heart rate and force
Decrease of heart rate
Dilatation of resistance vessels
Constriction of resistance vessels
‹ Назад
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Examination of a 42 year old patient revealed a tumour of adenohypophysis. Objectively: the patient’s weight is 117 kg, he has moon-like hyperemic face, red-blue striae of skin distension on his belly. Osteoporosis and muscle dystrophy are present. AP is 210/140 mm Hg. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Conn’s disease
Cushing’s disease
Diabetes mellitus
Cushing’s syndrome
Essential hypertension
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Vagus branches that innervate heart are being stimulated during an experiment. This caused reduction of heart rate due to the intensification of the following process (through the cell membrane of cardiac pacemaker):
Calcium ion yield
Potassium ion entry
Calcium ion entry
Potassium ion yield
Calcium and potassium ion yield
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Далі ›
A patient got an injury of spinal marrow in a road accident that caused loss of tactile sensation, posture sense, vibration sense. What conduction tracts are damaged?
Fascicle of Goll and cuneate fascicle
Tectospinal tract
Rubrospinal tract
Anterior spinocerebellar tract
Reticulospinal tract
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Далі ›
A scheme presents an exocrinous gland that has unbranched excretory duct with a terminal part in form of a saccule openining into the duct. How is this gland called according to the morphological classification of exocrinous glands?
Compound branched alveolar
Simple branched tubular
Compound unbranched alveolar
Simple unbranched alveolar
Compound unbranched alveolar tubular
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Далі ›
Examination of a patient revealed hypertrophy and inflammation of lymphoid tissue, edema of mucous membrane between palatine arches (acute tonsillitis). What tonsil is normally situated in this area?
Tonsilla pharyngealis
Tonsilla palatina
Tonsilla tubaria
Tonsilla lingualis
-
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A patient complained about muscle rigidity, constrained motions, constant tremor of arms. On the grounds of examination his disease was diagnosed as Parkinson’s disease. What drug should be administered?
Diphenylhydantoin
Diazepam
Ethosuximide
Phenobarbital
Levodopa
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a patient with impaired blood coagulation revealed thrombosis of a branch of inferior mesenteric artery. What bowel segment is damaged?
Colon transversum
Caecum
Colon sigmoideum
Ileum
Colon ascendens
‹ Назад
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When blood circulation in the damaged tissue is restored, then lactate accumulation comes to a stop and glucose consumption decelerates. These metabolic changes are caused by activation of the following process:
Aerobic glycolysis
Glycogen biosynthesis
Anaerobic glycolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Lipolysis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman was delivered to a hospital for trachea intubation. What of the following drugs should be applied in this case?
Atropine sulfate
Nitroglycerine
Gentamycin sulfate
Metronidazole
Dithylinum
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffers from pulmonary tuberculosis. During treatment neuritis of visual nerve arose. What drug has caused this by-effect?
Rifampicin
Kanamycin
Ethambutol
Isoniazid
Streptomycin
‹ Назад
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A patient suffers from chronic left-ventricular insufficiency. What medication should be administered?
Pyracetam
Vinpocetine
Etimizole
Bemegride
Digoxin
‹ Назад
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Roentgenological examination of skull base bones revealed enlargement of sellar cavity, thinning of anterior clinoid processes, destruction of different parts, destruction of different parts of sella turcica. Such bone destruction might be caused by a tumour of the following wndocrinous gland:
Thyroid gland
Epiphysis
Adrenal glands
Thymus gland
Hypophysis
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Patients who suffer from severe diabetes and don’t receive insulin have metabolic acidosis. This is caused by increased concentration of the following metabolites:
Cholesterol
Ketone bodies
Fatty acids
Triacylglycerols
Unsaturated fatty acids
‹ Назад
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A 4 year old child with hereditary renal lesion has signs of rickets, vitamin D concentration in blood is normal. What is the most probable cause of rickets development?
Hypofunction of parathyroid glands
Hyperfunction of parathyroid glands
Impaired synthesis of calcitriol
Increased excretion of calcium
Lack of calcium in food
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Далі ›
A man was intoxicated with mushrooms. They contain muscarine that stimulates muscarinic cholinoreceptors. What symptoms signalize intoxication with inedible mushrooms?
Rise of arterial pressure
Bronchi dilatation
Increased heart rate
Mydriatic pupils
Myotic pupils
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A 47 year old man with myocardium infarction was admitted to the cardiological department. What changes of cellular composition of peripheral blood are induced by necrotic changes in the myocardium?
Monocytosis
Eosinophilic leukocytosis
Neutrophilic leukocytosis
Thrombocytopenia
Lymphopenia
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A patient with skin mycosis has disorder of cellular immunity. The most typical characteristic of it is reduction of the following index:
Plasmocytes
T-lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes
Immunoglobulin E
Immunoglobulin G
‹ Назад
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A 50 year old patient underwent resection of tumour of large intestine wall. Microscopically it presents itself as fascicles of divergent collagen fibers of different thickness and form and some monomorphous fusiform cells that are irregularly distributed among the fibers. Cellular atypia is not evident. What tumour is it?
Fibromyoma
Hard fibroma
Fibrosarcoma
Soft fibroma
Desmoma
‹ Назад
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A cell at the stage of mitosis anaphase was stimulated by colchicine that inhibits chromosome separation to the poles. What type of mutation will be caused?
Duplication
Translocation
Deletion
Inversion
Polyploidy
‹ Назад
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Autopsy of a 5 year old child revealed in the area of vermis of cerebellum a soft greyish-pink node 2 cm in diameter with areas of haemorrhage. Histologically this tumour consisted of atypical monomorphous small roundish cells with big polymorphous nuclei. What tumour is it?
Astrocytoma
Glioblastoma
Meningioma
Oligodendroglioma
Medulloblastoma
‹ Назад
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Voluntary breath-holding caused increase of respiration depth and frequency. The main factor stimulating these changes of external respiration is:
Increased tension of CO2 in blood
Decreased concentration of H + in blood
Decreased tension of O2 in blood
Decreased tension of CO2 in blood
Increased tension of O2 in blood
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient was admitted to the surgical department with inguinal hernia. During the operation the surgeon performs plastic surgery on posterior wall of inguinal canal. What structure forms this wall?
Loose inferior edge of transverse abdominal muscle
Aponeurosis of abdominal external oblique muscle
Transverse fascia
Peritoneum
Inguinal ligament
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has delayed conduction of excitement through the atrioventricular node. What changes of ECG will be observed?
S — T-segment displacement
Prolongation of Q — S interval
Prolongation of Q — T interval
Negative T wave
Prolongation of P — Q interval
‹ Назад
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Surface with an intact toad on it was inclined to the right. Tone of extensor muscles became reflectory higher due to the activation of the following receptors:
Proprioreceptors
Vestibuloreceptors of semicircular ducts
Photoreceptors of retina
Mechanoreceptors of foot skin
Vestibuloreceptors of utricle and saccule
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A female patient underwent liver transplantation. 1,5 month after it her condition became worse because of reaction of transplant rejection. What factor of immune system plays the leading part in this reaction?
Natural killers
Interleukin-1
B-lymphocytes
T-helpers
T-killers
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Microscopical examination of a mi-crobal culture revealed fusiform sporeforming microorganisms that get violet-blue Gram’s stain. What microorganisms were revealed?
Actinomycete
Clostridia
Spirochaete
Streptococci
Diplococci
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A bacteriological laboratory received sputum sample of a patient suffering from tuberculosis. Bacterioscopic examination of smears and detection of tuberculosis bacillus can be realized by one of enrichment methods that involves processing of sputum only with solution of caustic soda. What is this method called?
Flotation
Filtration
Inactivation
Neutralization
Homogenization
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Electronic microphotography of pulmonary alveole’s wall presents a big cell. Its cytoplasm has a lot of mitochondria, developed Golgi apparatus, osmiophil lamellated corpuscles. What is the main function of this cell?
It purifies the air
It warms the air
It absorbs microorganisms
It is a component of blood-air barrier
It produces surfactant
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A patient in a transplantation centre underwent heart transplantation. The organ was taken from a donor who died in a road accident. Foreign heart can be rejected as a result of development of transplantation immunity. It is usually prevented by means of:
Chemotherapy
Immunosuppressors
Ultrasound
X-ray therapy
Enzymes
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A child is pale, pastose, muscular tissue is bad developed, lymph nodes are enlarged. He often suffers from angina and pharyngitis, blood has signs of lymphocytosis. The child is also predisposed to autoallergic diseases. What type of diathesis can be presumed in this case?
Hemorrhagic
Exudative
Asthenic
Lymphohypoplastic
Gouty
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A patient had been suffering from profuse diarrhea and vomiting for 2 days. He died from acute dehydration. Autopsy revealed that the intestinal wall was edematic and hyperemic, with multiple haemorrhages in the mucous membrane. Intestine lumen contains whitish fluid resembling of rice water. What disease caused death?
Typhoid fever
Enterocolitis
Salmonellosis
Dysentery
Cholera
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Examination of a 66 year old patient revealed a lytic tumour in the locus of pathological rib fracture. Histologically this tumour consists of atypical plasmoblasts. Further examination revealed osteoporosis in the bones of vertebral column and pelvis. These changes are typical for:
Metastatic lung cancer
Neuroblastoma
Tuberculous osteomyelitis
Myelomatosis
Ewing’s osteosarcoma
‹ Назад
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A patient died from acute cardiac insufficiency, among clinical presentations there was gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Examination of mucous membrane of sromach revealed some defects reaching myenteron; their edges and bottom were mostly even and loose, some of them contained dark-red blood. What pathological process was revealed?
Chronic ulcers
Thrombosis
Acute ulcers
Inflammation
Erosions
‹ Назад
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A 33 year old man died from uraemia. Autopsy revealed enlarged kidneys weighing 500,0 each and consisting of multiple cavities 0,5-2 cm in diameter. The cavities were full of light-yellow transparent liquid. Renal pelvis and ureters had no pecularities. What renal disease caused uraemia?
Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
Renal tumour
Renal tuberculosis
Chronic pyelonephritis
Bilateral polycystic renal disease
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient got a trauma that caused dysfunction of motor centres regulating activity of head muscles. In what parts of cerebral cortex is the respective centre normally localized?
Superior parietal lobule
Angular gyrus
Supramarginal gyrus
Inferior part of precentral gyrus
Superior part of precentral gyrus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Material taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis 'influenza' was referred to a laboratory. For virological examination the hemadsorption reaction was applied. This reaction can be applied for detection of the following viruses:
Viruses containing hemagglutinins
All the complex viruses
DNA-genomic viruses
Any viruses
All the simple viruses
‹ Назад
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Lungs of a preterm infant have areas of atelectasis (pulmonary collapse). The main cause is:
Diminished force of surface tension of lungs
Surfactant excess
Underdeveloped inspiration muscles
Surfactant deficiency
Increased viscous resistance
‹ Назад
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An alcoholic woman has born a girl with mental and physical developmental lag. Doctors diagnosed the girl with fetal alcohol syndrome. What effect is the cause of the girl’s state?
Mutagenic
Teratogenic
Malignization
Carcinogenic
Mechanic
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A viral infection has damaged cells that form walls of bile capillaries. This stimulated conditions for inflow of bile into the blood of sinusoidal capillaries. What cells are damaged?
Kupffer’s cells
Pit-cells
Endotheliocytes
Hepatocytes
Ito cells
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Dietary intake of a 30 year old nursing woman contains 1000 mg of calcium, 1300 mg of phosphorus and 20 mg of iron per day. It is necessary to change content of these mineral substances in the followi- ng way:
To increase calcium content
To increase phosphorus content
To reduce fluorine content
To reduce iron content
To increase iron content
‹ Назад
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A patient with obliterating atherosclerosis underwent sympathectomy of femoral artery in the region of femoral trigone. What type of arterial hyperemia was induced by the operation?
Functional
Reactive
Neuroparalytic
Metabolic
Neurotonic
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A15 year old girl has pale skin, glossitis, gingivitis. Blood count: erythrocytes -3, 3 cot 1012/l, hemoglobin - 70 g/l, colour index - 0,5. Examination of blood smear revealed hypochromia, microcytosis, poi-kilocytosis. What type of anemia is it?
Hemolytic
B12-folic acid-deficient
Iron-deficient
Sickle-cell
Thalassemia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Burned skin surface was treated with a certain preparation. Its antiseptic properties are provided by atomic oxygen that is formed in presence of organic substances. What preparation was applied?
Furacillin
Potassium permanganate
Chlorhexidine bigluconate
Alcoholic iodine solution
Sodium hydrocarbonate
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cardinal symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism are osteoporosis and renal lesion along with development of urolithiasis. What substance makes up the basis of these calculi in this disease?
Bilirubin
Cystine
Cholesterol
Calcium phosphate
Uric acid
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with chronic cardiac insufficiency has been taking foxglove (Digitalis) preparations for a long time. Due to the violation of intake schedule the woman got symptoms of intoxication. These symptoms result from:
Antagonism
Material cumulation
Sensibilization
Idiosyncrasy
Tachyphylaxis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient was diagnosed with paralysis of facial and masticatory muscles. The haematoma is inside the genu of internal capsule. What conduction tract is damaged?
Tr. cortico-temporo-parieto-occipito-pontinus
Tr. cortico-fronto-pontinus
Tr. cortico-spinalis
Tr. cortico-thalamicus
Tr. cortico-nuclearis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 5 year old child is ill with measles. Blood analysis revealed increase of total number of leukocytes up to 13 • 109/l. Leukogram: basophils - 0, eosinophils - 1, myelocytes - 0, juvenile neutrophils - 0, band neutrophils - 2, segmented neutrophils - 41, lymphocytes - 28, monocytes - 28. Name this phenomenon :
Monocytosis
Neutropenia
Eosinopenia
Agranulocytosis
Lymphocytosis
‹ Назад
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A patient was admitted to the infectious department. His symptoms: dry skin, decreased skin turgor, rice-water stool. The patient was diagnosed with cholera. What disorder of waterelectrolytic balance is most often observed in this disease?
Isoosmotic hypohydration
Hypoosmotic hypohydration
Hyperosmotic hypohydration
Hypoosmotic hyperhydration
Hyperosmotic hyperhydration
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A foreign body (a button) closed space of the right superior lobar bronchus. What segments of the right lung won’t be supplied with air?
Medial and lateral
Apical, posterior, anterior
Apical and median basal
Apical and posterior basal
Superior and inferior lingular
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A patient was diagnosed with bartholinitis (inflammation of greater vulvovaginal glands). In which organ of urogenital system are these glands localized?
Clitoris
Vagina
Uterus
Large lips of pudendum
Small lips of pudendum
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A histological specimen presents an artery. One of the membranes of its wall has flat cells lying on the basal membrane. What type of cells is it?
Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Mesothelium
Smooth myocytes
Endothelium
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Study of conversion of a food colouring agent revealed that neutralization of this xenobiotic takes place only in one phase - microsomal oxydation. Name a component of this phase:
Cytochrome C
Cytochrome B
Cytochrome P-450
Cytochrome oxidase
Cytochrome A
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Ultrasonic examination of a patient revealed aneurism in the area of aortic arch that caused alteration of vocal function of larynx. What nerve was constricted?
Mandibular
Diaphragmatic
Recurrent laryngeal
Sublingual
Superior laryngeal
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A 25 year old man has spent a long time in the sun under high air humidity. As a result of it his body temperature rose up to 39oC. What pathological process is it?
Infectious fever
Hyperthermia
Hypothermia
Burn disease
Noninfectious fever
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A 23 year old man has perforation of hard palate. In the area of this perforation there was a compact well-defined formation. Microscopic examination of the resected formation revealed a large focus of caseous necrosis surrounded by granulation tissue with endovasculi- tis, cellular infiltration composed of lymphocytes, epithelioid cells (mainly plasmocytes). What is the most probable diagnosis?
Leprosy
Syphilis
Scleroma
Sarcoma
Tuberculosis
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A young woman who entered a production department where it strongly smelt of paints and varnishes had a bronchospasm. This reflex was caused by irritation of the following receptors:
Juxtaglomerular
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Central chemoreceptors
Irritant
Pleura receptors
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A 50 year old man who was referred to the hospital for treatment of cervical lymphadenitis underwent test for induvi-dual sensitivity to penicillin. 30 seconds after he went hot all over, AP dropped down to 0 mm Hg that led to cardiac arrest. Resuscitation was unsuccessful. Autopsy results: acute venous plethora of internal organs; histological examination of skin ( from the site of injection) revealed degranulation of mast cells (tissue basophils ). Degranulation was also revealed in myocardium and lungs. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is it?
Anaphylactic
Complement-mediated cytotoxic
-
Immunocomplex-mediated
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
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One of sections of central nervous system has layerwise arrangement of neurocytes. Among them there are cells of the following forms: stellate, fusiform, horizontal, pyramidal. What section of central nervous system is this structure typical for?
Cortex of cerebrum
Hypothalamus
Spinal cord
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
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Study of fingerprints (dactylography) is used by criminalists for personal identification as well as for diagnostics of genetic abnormalities, particularly Dawn’s disease. What layer of skin determines individuality of fingerprints?
Horny
Dermopapillary
Clear (stratum lucidum epidermidis)
Basal
Reticular
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A patient has herpetic rash. What medication should be administered?
Benzylpenicillin sodium salt
Gentamycin
Acyclovir
Clotrimazole
Biseptol
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Cytogenetic examination of a patient with reproductive dysfunction revealed normal karyotype 46 XY in some cells, but most cells have karyotype of Klinefelter’s syndrome - 47 XXY. Such cell heterogeni-ty is called:
Duplication
Transposition
Inversion
Mosaicism
Monomorphism
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An isolated muscle fiber is under examination. It was established that the threshold of stimulation force became significantly lower. What is the cause of this phenomenon?
Inactivation of potassium channels of membrane
Activation of sodium channels of membrane
Activation of potassium channels of membrane
Block of energy production in the cell
Inactivation of sodium channels of membrane
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During examination of a patient a dentist revealed a lot of 'white spots' zones of enamel demineralization. What microorganisms take part in the development of this process?
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus salivarius
Veilonella parvula
Streptococcus mutans
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Surgical approach to the thyroid gland from the transverse (collar) approach involves opening of interaponeurot suprasternal space. What anatomic structure localized in this space is dangerous to be damaged?
External jugular vein
Subclavicular vein
Jugular venous arch
Superior thyroid arthery
Inferior thyroid arthery
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A doctor revealed tissues injury on patient’s scalp with localized suppurations and diagnosed his disease as myiasis. This infestation is caused by larvae of the following insect:
Malarial mosquito
Kissing bug
Mosquito
Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans)
Wohlfahrt fly
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A patient with hip fracture was prescribed a narcotic analgetic. Its anesthetic action is determined by interaction with the following receptors:
Adrenoreceptors
Cholinoreceptors
GABA-ergic receptors
Opiate receptors
Benzodiazepine receptors
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A patient consumed a lot of reach in proteins food that caused increase of rate of proteolytic enzymes of pancreatic juice. It is also accompanied by increase of rate of the following enzyme:
Pepsin
Tripsin
Enterokinase
Renin
Gastricsin
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In course of an experiment thalamocortical tracts of an animal were cut. What type of sensory perception remained intact?
Visual
Auditory
Nociceptive
Exteroreceptive
Olfactory
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A 2 year old child had acute respiratory viral infection and died from cardiopulmonary decompensation. Autopsy revealed that his right lung was hyperemic; in the 2nd, 6th and 10th segments and on the incision there were airless yellowish foci of irregular form, from several mm up to 1 cm large. Mi- croscopical examination revealed exudate consisting mainly of neutrophils in the given areas of pulmonary tissue in the alveoles, bronchioles and bronchial tubes. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Focal pneumonia
Croupous pneumonia
Pulmonary abscess
Interstitial pneumonia
Acute bronchitis
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A 25 year old patient was examined by a medical board. Examination revealed pathology of chest. Transverse dimensions were to small and the sternum was strongly protruding. What chest type is it?
Funnel chest
Keeled chest
Flat chest
Barrel chest
Cylindrical chest
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An infectious disease caused contractive activity of muscles that contract and dilate eye pupil ( paralytic state). What functional eye system was damaged?
Lacrimal apparatus
Dioptric
Accomodative
Ancillary
Photosensory
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Brain tomography revealed a tumour in the region of red nucleus. What part of brain isdamaged?
Midbrain
Pons cerebelli
Medulla oblongata
Interbrain
Cerebellum
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