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An unconscious patient was delivered to the admission ward. Objectively: the patient’s skin is cold, pupils are myotic, he has laboured Cheyne-Stokes respiration, arterial pressure is low, urinary bladder is full. What substance has caused intoxication?
Narcotic analgetics
-
Muscarinic receptor blockers
Tranquilizers
Non-narcotic analgetics
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Characteristic sign of glycogenosis is muscle pain during physical work. Blood examination reveals usually hypoglycemia. This pathology is caused by congenital deficiency of the following enzyme:
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Alpha amylase
Gamma amylase
Lysosomal glycosidase
Glycogen phosphorylase
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A woman works as railway traffic controller. She suffers from seasonal vasomotor rhinitis and gets treatment in the outpatient setting. She was prescribed an antihistamine that has no effect upon central nervous system. What drug is it?
Promethazine
Loratadine
Dimedrol
Suprastin
Tavegil
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During an operation a patient got injection of muscle relaxant dithylinum. Relaxation of skeletal muscles and inhibition of respiration lasted two hours. This condition was caused by absence of the following enzyme in blood serum:
Glutathione peroxidase
Glucose 6-phosphatase
Catalase
Butyrylcholin esterase
Acetylcholinesterase
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Examination of a patient suffering from cancer of urinary bladder revealed high rate of serotonin and hydroxyanthranilic acid. It is caused by excess of the following amino acid in the organism:
Tryptophan
Alanine
Methionine
Histidine
Tyrosine
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Blood of a 12 year old boy presents low concentration of uric acid and accumulation of xanthine and hypoxanthine. This child has genetic defect of the following enzyme:
Urease
Xanthine oxidase
Glycerylkinase
Arginase
Ornithine carbamoyltransferase
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A patient who suffers from insomnia caused by emotional disorder was prescribed a hypnotic drug with tranquillizing effect. What hypnotic was prescribed?
Bromisoval
Phenobarbital
Chloral hydrate
Nitrazepam
Sodium ethaminal
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A patient is ill with diabetes melli-tus accompanied by hyperglycemia on an empty stomach (7,2 millimole/l). The hyperglycemia rate can be retrospectively estimated (over the last 4-8 weeks before the examination) on the ground of the rate of the following blood plasma protein:
C -reactive protein
Ceruloplasmin
Fibrinogen
Albumin
Glycated hemoglobin
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In course of laparotomy a surgeon revealed gangrenous lesion of descending colon. It was caused by thrombosis of the following artery:
Dexter colic
Ileocolic
Superior mesenteric artery
Sinister colic
Median colic
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A 60 year old patient has impaired perception of high-frequency sounds. These changes were caused by damage of the following auditory analyzer structures:
Middle ear muscles
Main cochlea membrane near the helicotrema
Eustachian tube
Tympanic membrane
Main cochlea membrane near the oval window
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A patient has low rate of magnesium ions that are necessary for affixion of ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum. It is known that it causes disturbance of protein biosynthesis. At what stage is protein biosynthesis impaired?
Amino acid activation
Translation
Replication
Termination
Transcription
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A healthy man is in a region with high risk of catching malaria. What drug should be administered for individual chemoprophylaxis of malaria?
Chingamin
Biseptol
Tetracycline
Sulfalen
Metronidazole
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A full-term newborn child has yellowish skin and mucous membranes. This might be probably caused by temporary deficiency of the following enzyme:
Uridine transferase
Biliverdin reductase
UDPglucoronyltransferase
Heme synthetase
Heme oxygenase
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A patient ill with neurodermatitis has been taking prednisolone for a long time. Examination revealed high rate of sugar in his blood. This complication is caused by the drug influence upon the following link of carbohydrate metabolism:
Inhibition of glycogen synthesis
Activation of insulin decomposition
Gluconeogenesis activation
Intensification of glucose absorption in the bowels
Glycogenogenesis activation
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Labelled amino acids alanine and tryptophane were injected to a mouse in order to study localization of protein synthesis in its cells. The labelled amino acids will be accumulated near the following organellas:
Cell centre
Ribosomes
Lysosomes
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
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Students who are taking examinations often have dry mouth. The mechanism that causes this state is the realization of the following reflexes:
Conditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned parasympathetic
Unconditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned peripheral
Conditioned parasympathetic
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Inflammation of the tympanic cavity (purulent otitis media) was complicated by inflammation of mammillary process sockets. What wall of tympanic cavity did the pus penetrate into the sockets through?
Medial
Lateral
Anterior
Superior
Posterior
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Examination of a patient revealed typical presentations of collagenosis. This pathology is characterized by increase of the following urine index:
Arginine
Hydroxyproline
Glucose
Mineral salts
Ammonium salts
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Untrained people often have muscle pain after sprints as a result of lactate accumulation. This might be caused by intensification of the following biochemical process:
Lipogenesis
Glycogenesis
Glycolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Pentose phosphate pathway
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Examination of a patient suffering from frequent haemorrhages in the inner organs and mucous membranes revealed proline and lysine being included in collagen fibers. Impairment of their hydroxylation is caused by lack of the following vitamin:
A
K
C
E
D
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During an experiment a skeletal muscle is stimulated by a series of electric impulses. What type of muscle contraction will be observed provided that each subsequent impulse comes in the period of shortening of the previous single muscle contraction?
Partial tetanus
Holotetanus
A series of single contractures
Asynchronous tetanus
Muscle contracture
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A 48 year old patient complained about intense pain, slight swelling and reddening of skin over the joints, temperature rise up to 38oC. Blood analysis revealed high concentration of urates. This condition might be caused by disturbed metabolism of:
Pyrimidines
Collagen
Purines
Carbohydrates
Cholesterol
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An experimantal animal that was kept on protein-free diet developed fatty liver infiltration, in particular as a result of deficiency of methylating agents. This is caused by disturbed generation of the following metabolite:
Linoleic acid
Acetoacetate
Cholesterol
Choline
DOPA
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A 46 year old woman suffering from chololithiasis developed jaundice. Her urine became darkyellow and feces became colourless. Blood serum will have the highest concentration of the following substance:
Unconjugated bilirubin
Mesobilirubin
Biliverdin
Conjugated bilirubin
Urobilinogen
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A patient suffering from infectious mononucleosis has been taking glucocorticosteroids for two weeks. This resulted in remission but the patient got exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis. This complication is induced by the following effect of glucocorticosteroids:
Antiallergenic
Immunosuppressive
Anti-shock
Anti-inflammatory
Antitoxic
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A 62 year woman complains of frequent pain attacks in the area of her chest and backbone, rib fractures. Her doctor suspected myeloma (plasmocytoma). What of the following laboratory characteristics will be of the greatest diagnostic importance?
Proteinuria
Hyperalbuminemia
Hypoglobulinemia
Hypoproteinemia
Paraproteinemia
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A newborn child has convulsions that have been observed after prescription of vitamin B6. This most probable cause of this effect is that vitamin B6 is a componet of the following enzyme:
Glycogen phosphorylase
Aminolevulinate synthase
Glutamate decarboxylase
Netoglubarate dehydromine
Pyruvate dehydrostase
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A patient who has been abusing tobacco smoking for a long time has got cough accompanied by excretion of viscous mucus; weakness after minor physical stress, pale skin. The patient has also lost 12,0 kg of body weight. Endoscopic examination of biosy material his illness was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Name a pathological process that preceded formation of the tumour:
Sclerosis
Hypoplasia
Necrosis
Metaplasia
Hyperplasia
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Bacterioscopic examination of a smear from the pharynx of a diphtheria suspect revealed bacilli with volutine granules. What etiotropic drug should be chosen in this case?
Diphtheritic anatoxin
Interferon
Bacteriophage
Eubiotic
Antidiphtheritic antitoxic serum
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A patient caught a cold after which there appeared facial expression disorder. He cannot close his eyes, raise his eyebrows, bare his teeth. What nerve is damaged?
Trigeminus
Glossopharyngeal
Infraorbital
Facial
Vagus
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A patient underwent an operation on account of gall bladder excision that resulted in obstruction of Ca absorption through the bowels wall. What vitamin wil stimulate this process?
K
PP
C
D3
B12
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A 70 year old female patient was diagnosed with fracture of left femoral neck accompanied by disruption of ligament of head of femur. The branch of the following artery is damaged:
Inferior gluteal
Femoral
Internal pudendal
Obturator
External iliac
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ECG of a patient shows prolongation of T-wave. This is caused by deceleration in ventricles of:
Depolarization and repolarization
Contraction
Repolarization
Depolarization
Relaxation
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A patient complains of frequent diarrheas, especially after consumption of rich food, weight loss. Laboratory examination revealed steatorrhea; his feces were hypocholic. What might have caused such condition?
Unbalanced diet
Obturation of biliary tracts
Lack of pancreatic phospholipase
Lack of pancreatic lipase
Inflammation of mucous membrane of small intestine
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Examination of a patient with pustular skin lesions allowed to isolate a causative agent that forms in the blood agar roundish yellow middle-sized colonies surrounded by haemolysis zone. Smears from the colonies contain irregularshaped clusters of gram-positive cocci. The culture is oxidase- and catalasepositive, ferments mannitol and synthesizes plasmocoagulase. What causative agent was isolated?
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus agalactiae
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A patient complained about being unable to adduct and abduct fingers in the metacarpophalangeal articulations towards and away from the 3rd finger. Which muscles’ function is impaired?
Extensors
Lumbrical muscles
Long flexors of fingers
Interosseous muscles
Breviflexors of fingers
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A 44 year old woman complains of general weakness, heart pain, significant increase of body weight. Objectively: moon face, hirsutism, AP is 165/100 mm Hg, height - 164 cm, weight - 103 kg; the fat is mostly accumulated on her neck, thoracic girdle, belly. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of obesity?
Increased production of glucocorticoids
Increased mineralocorticoid production
Increased insulin production
Reduced production of thyroid hormones
Reduced glucagon production
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A 34 year old woman was diagnosed with hereditary microspherocytic hemolytic anemia ( Minkowsky-Shauffard disease). What mechanism caused haemolysis of erythrocytes?
Autoimmune disorder
Membranopathy
Hemoglobinopathy
Enzymopathy
Bone marrow hypoploasia
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According to the model of double DNA helix that was suggested by Watson and Creek, it was established that one of chains would not be lost during replication and the second chain would be synthesized complementary to the first one. What way of replication is it?
Semiconservative
Dispersed
Identical
Conservative
Analogous
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A 4 year old child was admitted to the orthopaedic department with shin fracture together with displacement. Bone fragments reposition requires preliminary analgesia. What preparation should be chosen?
Analgin
-
Panadol
Morphine hydrochloride
Promedol
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A patient suffers from hepatoci-rrhosis. State of antitoxic liver function can be characterized by examination of the following substance exreted by urine:
Amino acids
Ammonium salts
Creatinine
Uric acid
Hippuric acid
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A 22 year old patient from the West Ukraine complains of laboured nasal breathing. Morphological examination of biopsy material of nasal mucous membrane revealed lymphoid, epithelioid, plasma cells as well as Mikulicz’s cells. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Syphilis
Leprosy
Glanders
Tuberculosis
Rhinoscleroma
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Vitamin A together with specific cytoreceptors penetrates through the nuclear membranes, induces transcription processes that stimulate growth and differentiation of cells. This biological function is realized by the following form of vitamin A:
Carotin
Cis-retinal
Trans-retinoic acid
Trans-retinal
Retinol
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During preparation of a patient to a heart surgery it was necessary to measure pressure in heart chambers. In one of them pressure varied from 0 mm Hg up to 120 mm Hg within one cardiac cycle. What heart chamber is it?
-
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Right atrium
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Examination of coronary arteries revealed atherosclerotic calcified plaques closing vessel lumen by 1/3. The muscle has multiple whitish layers of connective tissue. What process was revealed in the myocardium?
Tiger heart
Diffusive cardiosclerosis
Myocardium infarction
Postinfarction cardiosclerosis
Myocarditis
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In order to determine toxigenicity of diphtheria bacilli a strip of filter paper impregnated with antitoxic diphtherial serum was put on the dense nutrient medium. There were also inoculated a mi-crobal culture under examination and a strain that is known to be toxigenic. If the microbal culture under examination produces exotoxin, this wil result in formation of:
Precipitin lines
Zones of lecithovitellinous activity
Haemolysis zones
Zones of diffuse opacification
Precipitin ring
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A 63 year old male patient who had been suffering from chronic diffuse obstructive disease, pulmonary emphysema, for 15 years died from cardiac insufficiency. Autopsy revealed nutmeg liver cirrhosis, cyanotic induration of kidneys and spleen, ascites, edemata of lower limbs. These changes of internal organs are typical for the following disease:
General cardiac insufficiency
Acute right-ventricular insufficiency
Chronic right-ventricular insufficiency
Acute left-ventricular insufficiency
Chronic left-ventricular insufficiency
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Examination of an ovary specimen stained by hematoxylin-eosine revealed a follicle in which follicular epithelium consisted of 1-2 layers of cubic cells. There was also a bright red membrane around the ovocyte. What follicle is it?
Mature
Secondary
Atretic
Primary
Primordial
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A newborn child suffers from milk curdling in stomach, this means that soluble milk proteins ( caseins) transform to insoluble proteins (paracaseins) by means of calcium ions and a certain enzyme. What enzyme takes part in this process?
Renin
Secretin
Gastrin
Lipase
Pepsin
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A patient suffers from diabetes meli-tus. After the regular insulin injection his condition grew worse: there appeared anxiety, cold sweat, tremor of limbs, general weakness, dizziness. What preparation can eliminate these symptoms?
Noradrenaline
Adrenaline hydrochloride
Caffeine
Glibutide
Butamide
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A patient has difficulties with hand movement. Examination revealed inflammation of common synovial sheath of flexor muscles. It is known from the patient’s anamnesis that he got a stab wound of finger a week ago. Which finger was most probably damaged?
Digitus minimus
Digitus medius
Digitus anularis
Index
Pollex
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Clinical diagnosis of a female patient was gonorrhoea. What examination method can be applied for confirmation of this diagnosis?
Hemagglutination reaction
Test with bacteriophage
Immobilization reaction
Microscopy of pathological material
Infection of laboratory animals
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Autopsy of a man who died from burn disease revealed brain edema, liver enlargement as well as enlargement of kidneys with wide light-grey cortical layer and plethoric medullary area. Microscopic examination revealed necrosis of tubules of main segments along with destruction of basal membranes, intersti-cium edema with leukocytic infiltration and haemorrhages. What is the most probable postmortem diagnosis?
Necrotic nephrosis
Pyelonephritis
Myeloma kidney
Gouty kidney
Tubulointerstitial nephritis
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A 30 year old man had been suffering from acute respiratory disease and died from cardiopulmonary decompensation. Autopsy revealed fibrinous-haemorrhagic inflammation in the mucous membrane of larynx and trachea, destructive panbronchitis, enlarged lungs that look black due to the multiple abcesses, haemorrhages, necrosis. What is the most probable postmortem diagnosis?
Adenoviral infection
Respiratory syncytial infection
Influenza
Measles
Parainfluenza
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A 19 year old woman suffers from primary syphilis. Doctor administered her complex therapy that includes benzylpenicillin sodium salt. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?
It blocks DNA synthesis
It blocks thiol enzymes
It blocks RNA synthesis
It blocks synthesis of cytoplasm proteins
It blocks synthesis of peptidoglycan of microbal membrane
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A 65 year old female patient suffers from chronic renal insufficiency accompanied by evident edemata caused by chronic glomerulonephritis. What diuretic should be administered for forced diuresis?
Furosemide
Cyclometazide
Chlorthalidone
Hydrochlorothiazide
Acetazolamide
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6 months after labour a woman had uterine hemorrhage. Gynaecological examination of uterine cavity revealed a dark-red tissue with multiple cavities resembling of a 'sponge'. Microscopic examination of a tumour revealed in blood lacunas atypic light epithelial Langhans cells and giant cells of syncyti-otrophoblast. What tumour is it?
Cystic mole
Adenocarcinoma
Chorioepithelioma
Fibromyoma
Squamous cell nonkeratinous carcinoma
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Atria of an experimental animal were superdistended by blood that resulted in decreased reabsorption of Na+ and water in renal tubules. This can be explained by the influence of the following factor upon kidneys:
Vasopressin
Renin
Natriuretic hormone
Aldosterone
Angiotensin
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Далі ›
A patient suffering from periodical attacks caused by inhalation of different flavoring substances was diagnosed with atopic bronchial asthma. IgE level was increased. This is typical for the following type of reactions:
delayed-type hypersensitivity
Anaphylactic reactions
Cytotoxic reactions
Autoimmune reactions
Immunocomplex reactions
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During regular examination of schoolchildren it was revealed that a 10 year old girl had asymmetric oval eggs with a larva in the scrape from her perianal folds. What diagnosis should be made?
Enterobiasis
Ankylostomiasis
Ascariasis
Amebiasis
Trichocephalosis
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Histological examination of a 40 year old man’s thymus revealed reduced share of parenchymatous elements, increased share of adipose and loose connective tissue, its enrichment with thymus bodies. The organ’s mass was unchanged. What is this phenomenon called?
Accidental involution
Age involution
Atrophy
Dystrophy
Hypotrophy
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A 56 year old patient suffering from cardiac insufficiency has edema of feet and shins, edematous skin is pale and cold. What is the leding mechanism of edema pathogenesis?
Drop of oncotic pessure in capillaries
Rise of hydrostatic pressure in venules
Disorder of lymph outflow
Increase of capillary permeability
Positive water balance
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Researchers of a bacteriological laboratory examine tinned meat for botulinic toxin. For this purpose a group of mice was injected with an extract of the material under examination and antitoxic antibotulinic serum of A, B, E types. A control group of mice was injected with the same extract but without antibotuli-nic serum. What serological reaction was applied?
Neutralization
Opsonocytophagic
Double immune diffusion
Precipitation
Complement binding
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A clinic observes a 49 year old patient with significant prolongation of coagulation time, gastrointestinal haemorrhages, subcutaneous hematomas. These symptoms might be explained by the deficiency of the following vitamin:
H
E
K
B6
Bi
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Далі ›
A patient suffering from chronic cardiac insufficiency was recommended to undergo a prophylactic course of treatment with a cardiological drug from the group of cardiac glycosides that is to be taken enterally. What drug was recommended?
Corglycon
Strophanthine
Cordiamin
Cordarone
Digoxin
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Далі ›
A cerebral trauma caused increased ammonia generation. What amino acid participates in the excretion of ammonia from the cerebral tissue?
Tyrosine
Glutamic
Lysine
Tryptophan
Valine
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During the repeated Widal’s agglutination test it was noticed that the ratio of antibody titers and O-antigens S.typhi in the patient’s serum had increased from 1:100 to 1:400. How would you interpret these results?
The patient previously had typhoid fever
The patient is a chronic carrier of typhoid microbs
The patient is an acute carrier of typhoid microbes
The patient was previously vaccinated against typhoid fever
The patient has typhoid fever
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It is known that the gene responsible for development of blood groups according to AB0 system has three allele variants. If a man has IV blood group, it can be explained by the following variability form:
Genocopy
Phenocopy
Combinative
Phenotypic
Mutational
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48 hours after tuberculine test (Mantoux test) a child had a papule 10 mm in diameter on the spot of tuberculine injection. What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies these changes?
Anaphylaxy
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
Cellular cytotoxicity
Immunocomplex cytotoxicity
Granulomatosis
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Далі ›
Examination of a newborn boy’s genitalia revealed an urethral hiatus that opens on the undersite of his penis. What malformation is it?
Epispadia
Hypospadias
Cryptorhidism
Monorchism
Hermaphroditism
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Далі ›
A patient complains about impaired evacuatory function of stomach (longterm retention of food in stomach). Examination revealed a tumour of initial part of duodenum. Specify localization of the tumour:
Pars inferior
Pars ascendens
Flexura duodeni inferior
Pars superior
Pars descendens
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Далі ›
A concentrated solution of sodium chloride was intravenously injected to an animal. This caused decreased reabsorption of sodium ions in the renal tubules. It is the result of the following changes of hormonal secretion:
Vasopressin increase
Aldosterone reduction
Vasopressin reduction
Reduction of atrial natriuretic factor
Aldosterone increase
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Далі ›
People adapted to high external temperatures have such pecularity: profuse sweating isn’t accompanied by loss of large volumes of sodium chloride. This is caused by the effect of the following hormone upon the perspiratory glands:
Natriuretic
Cortisol
Vasopressin
Aldosterone
Tgyroxin
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Далі ›
Emotional stress causes activation of hormon-sensitive triglyceride lipase in the adipocytes. What secondary mediator takes part in this process?
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Diacylglycerol
Adenosine monophosphate
Ions of Ca2+
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
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Далі ›
A patient has been syffering from diarrhea for 5 day. On the fith day colonoscopy revealed that membrane of rectum was inflamed, there were greyish-green films closely adhering to the subjacent tissue. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Crohn’s disease
Dysentery
Nonspecific ulcerous colitis
Typhoid fever
Salmonellosis
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A 17 year old boy fell seriously ill, the body temperature rose up to 38,5oC, there appeared cough, rhinitis, lacrimati-on, nasal discharges. What inflammation is it?
Purulent
Fibrinous
Hemorrhagic
Catarrhal
Serous
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A 25 year old Palestinian woman complains of weakness, dizziness, dyspnea. In anamnesis: periodically exacerbating anemia. In blood: Hb - 60 g/l, erythrocytes - 2,5 • 1012/l, reticulocytes - 35o/oo, anisocytosis and poikilocytosis of erythrocytes, a lot of target cells and polychromatophils. What type of anemia is it?
Sickle-cell anemia
Minkowsky-Shauffard disease
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient anemia
Thalassemia
Addison-Biermer disease
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A patient suffering from initial hypertension has been taking an antihypertensive preparation for a long time. Suddenly he stopped taking this preparation. After this his condition grew worse, this led to development of hypertensive crisis. This by-effect can be classified as:
Abstinence syndrome
Dependence
Tolerance
Sensibilization
Cumulation
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Inflammatory processes cause synthesis of protein of acute phase in an organism. What substances stumulate their synthesis?
Biogenic amins
Immunoglobulins
Angiotensin
Interferons
Interleukin-1
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A 42 year old woman with neuralgia of trifacial nerve complains about periodical reddening of the right part of her face and neck, sense of warmth gush, increased skin sensitivity. These effects can be explained by the following type of arterial hyperemia:
Neurotonic
Reactive
Neuroparalytic
Metabolic
Functional
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A 30 year old woman has face edemata. Examination revealed proteinuria (5,87 g/l), hypoproteinemia, dysproteinemia, hyperlipidemia. What condition is the set of these symptoms typical for?
Nephritic syndrome
Chronic renal failure
Chronic pyelonephritis
Acute renal failure
Nephrotic syndrome
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Autopsy of a 17 year old girl who died from pulmonary failure revealed a small area of caseous necrosis in the inferior lobe of the right lung, and occurences of caseous necrosis in the bronchopulmonary, bronchial and bi-furcational lymph nodes. What is the most probable postmortem diagnosis?
Primary tuberculosis
Caseous pneumonia under secondary tuberculosis
Tuberculoma
Hematogenous progression of primary tuberculosis
Hematogenous tuberculosis with predominant lung affection
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A patient has a decreased vasopressin synthesis that causes polyuria and as a result of it evident organism dehydratati-on. What is the mechanism of polyuria development?
Reduced glucose reabsorption
Reduced tubular reabsorption of water
Reduced tubular reabsorption of Na ions
Reduced tubular reabsorption of protein
Acceleration of glomerular filtration
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A 35 year old man consulted a dentist about reduced density of dental tissue, high fragility of teeth during eating solid food. This patient suffers the most probably from the deficiency of the following mineral element:
Iron
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
Sodium
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A patient staying in the pulmonologi-cal department was diagnosed with pulmonary emphysema accompanied by reduced elasticity of pulmonary tissue. What type of respiration is observed?
Infrequent respiration
Inspiratory dyspnea
Superficial respiration
Periodic respiration
Expiratory dyspnea
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A 4 year old child complained of pain during deglutition, indisposition. Objectively: palatine arches and tonsils are moderately edematic and hyperemic, there are greyish-white films up to 1 mm thick closely adhering to the subjacent tissues. What pathological process are these changes typical for?
Metaplasia
Inflammation
Dystrophy
Necrosis
Organization
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An unconscious young man with signs of morphine poisoning entered admission office. His respiration is shallow and infrequent which is caused by inhibition of respiratory centre. What type of respiratory failure is it?
Diffusive
Perfusive
Ventilative dysregulatory
Ventilative restrictive
Ventilative obstructive
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A patient with cholelithiasis fell ill with mechanic jaundice. Examination revealed that the stone was in the common bile duct. What bile-excreting ducts make up the obturated duct?
Ductus hepaticus dexter et sinister
Ductus hepaticus sinister et ductus cysticus
Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus cysticus
Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus choledochus
Ductus hepaticus dexter et ductus cysticus
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A patient is 44 years old. Laboratory examination of his blood revealed that content of proteins in plasma was 40 g/l. What influence will be exerted on the transcapillary water exchange?
Exchange will stay unchanged
Both filtration and reabsorption will be increased
Filtration will be increased, reabsorption - decreased
Both filtration and reabsorption will be decreased
Filtration will be decreased, reabsorption - increased
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Далі ›
After destruction of CNS structures an animal lost orientative reflexes. What structure was destroyed?
Red nucleus
Medial reticular nuclei
Quadrigeminal plate
Lateral vestibular nuclei
Black substance
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An isolated cell of human heart automatically generates excitement impulses with frequency of 60 times per minute. This cell was taken from the following heart structure :
Atrioventricular node
His’ bundle
Ventricle
Atrium
Sinoatrial node
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 62 year old patient who previously worked as stoker was admitted to a hospital with complaints about general weakness, abrupt weight loss, hoarse voice, dyspnea, dry cough. Laryngoscopy revealed a tumour in the pharynx that invaded vocal cords and epiglottis. What is the most probable cause of tumour development?
Polycyclic aromatic carbohydrates
Nitrosamines
Ionizing radiation
Aromatic amines and amides
Retroviruses
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a man who had been working hard under higher temperature of the environment revealed abnormal quantity of blood plasma proteins. What phenomenon is the case?
Relative hyperproteinemia
Dysproteinemia
Absolute hypoproteinemia
Paraproteinemia
Absolute hyperproteinemia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with thrombophlebitis of his lower limbs had chest pain, blood spitting, progressing respiratory insufficiency that led to his death. Autopsy diagnosed multiple lung infarctions. What is the most probable cause of their development?
Thromboembolism of pulmonary artery branches
Thromboembolism of bronchial arteries
Thrombosis of pulmonary artery branches
Thrombosis of pulmonary veins
Thrombosis of bronchial arteries
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During influenza epidemic 40% of pupils who didn’t go in for sports were affected by the disease, and among the pupils who regularly did physical exercises this index was only 20%. What adaptati-ve mechanisms determined such a low sickness rate of pupils participating in the sports?
Specific adaptation
Biochemical adaptation
Physiological adaptation
Cross adaptation
Genetic adaptation
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Далі ›
A patient suffers from stenocardia and takes isosorbide mononitrate. He was prescribed a complementary drug with disaggregating effect. What drug is it?
Nifedipine
Acetylsalicinic acid
Propranolol
Validol
Nitroglycerine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient in postoperative period was prescribed an anticholinesterase drug for stimulation of intestinal peristalsis and tonus of urinary bladder. What drug is it?
Dichlothiazide
Reserpine
Propanolol
Proserin
Mannitol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has acne on his face. Mi-crospcopic examination of scrapings from the affected areas revealed living porrect vermiform arthropoda 0,2-0,5 mm large with four pairs of short extremities in the front part of their bodies. What is the laboratory diagnosis?
Scabies
Pediculosis
Demodicosis
Myiasis
Phthiriasis
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Among junior children of an orphanage an outbreak of intestinal infection with signs of colienteritis was registered. In order to identify isolated causative agent it is necessary to:
To study biochemical properties of the causative agent
To determine sensitivity to antibiotics
To study sensitivity to bacteriophages
To study virulence of the causative agent
Study antigenic properties of the causative agent
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Далі ›
A 45 year old man consulted a doctor about a plaque-like formation on his neck. Histological examination of a skin bi-optate revealed clusters of round and oval tumour cells with a narrow border of basophilic cytoplasm resembling of cells of basal epidermal layer. What tumour is it?
Basal cell carcinoma
Epidermal cancer
Trichoepithelioma
Syringoadenoma
Hydroadenoma
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Далі ›
A 45 year old patient was admitted to the cardiological department. ECG data: negative P wave overlaps QRS complex, diastolic interval is prolonged after extrasystole. What type of extrasystole is it?
Sinus
Bundle-branch
Atrial
Atrioventricular
Ventricular
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A virological laboratory obtained pathological material (mucous discharges from nasal meatuses) taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis 'influenza'. What quick test will allow to reveal specific viral antigen in the material under examination?
-
Direct and indirect fluorescence immunoassay
Direct and indirect immunofluorescence test
Hemagglutination inhibition assay
Radioimmunoassay
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Далі ›
A family of students who came from Africa got a child with anemia signs. The child died soon. Examination revealed that the child’s erythrocytes have abnormal semilunar shape. Specify genotypes of the child’s parents:
Aa x AA
Aa x Aa
aa x aa
AA x AA
Aa x aa
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Two hours after an exam a student had a blood count done and it was revealed that he had leukocytosis without significant leukogram modifications. What is the most probable mechanism of leukocytosis development?
Deceleration of leukocyte migration to the tissues
Leukopoiesis intensification
Leukopoiesis intensification and deceleration of leukocyte lysis
Deceleration of leukocyte lysis
Redistribution of leukocytes in the organism
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A 66 year old female patient got intravenous injection of magnesium sulfate solution for the purpose of elimination of hypertensive crisis. But arterial pressure didn’t go down and after repeated introduction of the same preparation there appered sluggishness, slow response, inhibition of consciousness and respiration. What preparation is antagonist of magnesium sulfate and can eliminate symptoms of its overdose?
Sodium chloride
Activated carbon
Calcium chloride
Potassium chloride
Potassium permanganate
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Hepatitis has led to the development of hepatic failure. Mechanism of edemata formation is activated by the impairment of the following liver function:
Glycogen-synthetic
Protein-synthetic
Barrier
Antitoxic
Chologenetic
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A patient working at a pig farm complains about paroxysmal abdominal pain, liquid feces with admixtures of mucus and blood, headache, weakness, fever. Examination of large intestine revealed ulcers from 1 mm up to several cm large, feces contained oval unicellular organisms with cilia. What disease should be suspected?
Amebiasis
Lambliasis
Toxoplasmosis
Trichomoniasis
Balantidiasis
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A patient staggers and walks astraddle. He has hypomyotonia of arm and leg muscles, staccato speech. In what brain section is this affection localized?
Motor cortex
Red nucleus
Cerebellum
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
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During hypersensitivity test a patient got subcutaneous injection of an antigen which caused reddening of skin, edema, pain as a result of histamine action. This biogenic amine is generated as a result of transformation of the following histidine amino acid:
Phosphorylation
Deaminization
Decarboxylation
Isomerization
Methylation
‹ Назад
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Normal, actively dividing cells of human red bone marrow are analyzed. What number of cells’ chromosomes is typical for G1 period?
45
23
47
48
46
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Blood group of a 30 year old man was specified before an operation. His blood is Rh-positive. Reaction of erythrocyte agglutination was absent with standard sera of 0afi (I), Afi (II), Ba (III) groups. The blood under examination is of the following group:
0afi (I)
AB (IV)
Ba (III)
Afi (II)
-
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A 64 year old woman has impairment of twilight vision (hemeralopy). What vitamin should be recommended in the first place?
Vitamin A
Vitamin B2
Vitamin B6
Vitamin E
Vitamin C
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Далі ›
A patient underwent appendectomy. In the postoperative period he has been taking an antibiotic. The patient complains about hearing impairment and vestibular disorders. What group of antibiotics has such by-effects?
Tetracyclines
Macrolides
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Aminoglycosides
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A patient was stung by a bee. Examination revealed that his left hand was hot, pink, edematic, there was a big red blister on the site of sting. What is the leading mechanism of edema development?
Increased vessel permeability
Drop of osmotic pressure in tissue
Injury of vessels caused by the sting
Reduced vessel filling
Drop of oncotic pressure in tissue
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A patient complained about dizziness, memory impairment, periodical convulsions. It was revealed that these changes were caused by a product of decarboxylation of glutamic acid. Name this product:
THFA
Pyridoxal phosphate
GABA
ATP
TDP
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A sportsman needs to improve his sporting results. He was recommended to take a preparation that contains carnitine. What process is activated the most by this compound?
Fatty acids transporting
Amino acids transporting
Vitamin K transporting
Glucose transporting
Calcium ions transporting
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Laboratory examination of a child revealed increased concentration of leucine, valine, isoleucine and their ketoderi-vatives in blood and urine. Urine smelt of maple syrup. This disease is characterized by the deficit of the following enzyme:
Phosphofructokinase
Phosphofructomutase
Dehydrogenase of branched amino acids
Aminotransferase
Glucose-6-phosphatase
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A 7 year old child often suffers from streprococcic angina. Doctor suspected development of rheumatism and administered serological examination. The provisional diagnosis will be most probably confirmed by presence of antibodies to the following streptococcic antigen:
C-carbohydrate
M-protein
Capsular polysaccharide
O-streptolysin
Erythrogenic toxin
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A 46 year old patient who had been suffering from tuberculosis for 6 years died from massive pulmonary haemorrhage. Autopsy revealed different-sixed foci of sclerosis and caseous necrosis in lungs, in the upper part of the right lung there was a cavity 5 cm in diameter with dense grey walls, the cavity contained liquid blood and blood clots. What type of tuberculosis is it?
Acute cavernous
Fibrocavernous
Fibrous focal
Acute focal
Infiltrative
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A patient suffering from pheochromocyton complains of thirst, dry mouth, hunger. Blood test for sugar revealed hyperglycemia. What type of hyperglycemia is it?
Adrenal
Alimentary
Hypercorticoid
Hypoinsulinemic
Somatotropic
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A patient has been suffering from elevated temperature and attacks of typical cough for 10 days. Doctor administered inoculation of mucus from the patient’s nasopharynx on the agar. What microorganism is presumed?
Staphylococcus
Klebsiella
Pertussis bacillus
Pfeiffer’s bacillus
Listeria
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A patient suffering from stenocardia was taking nitroglycerine which caused restoration of blood supply of myocardium and relieved pain in the cardiac area. What intracellular mechanism provides restoration of energy supply of insulted cells?
Intensification of RNA generation
Reduction of ATP resynthesis
Intensification of oxygen transporting into the cell
Increased permeability of membranes
Intensification of ATP resynthesis
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A 50 year old patient has been taking treatment thrice for the last 6 months because of fractures caused by domestic accidents. Microscopical examination of bony tissue revealed foci of lacunar resolution, giant-cell granulomas in the tumour-like formations, cysts. Bony tissue was substituted by fibrous connective tissue. Examination revealed also adenoma of parathyroid gland and hypercalcemia. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Parathyroid osteodystrophy
Paget’s disease
Osteopetrosis
Myelomatosis
Osteomyelitis
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A couple had a child with Down’s disease. Mother is 42 years old. This disease is most probably caused by the following impairment of prenatal development:
Blastopathy
Specific fetopathy
Non-specific fetopathy
Embryopathy
Gametopathy
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A man weighs 80 kg, after long physical activity his circulating blood volume is reduced down to 5,4 l, hematocrit makes up 50%, whole blood protein is 80 g/l. These blood characteristics are determined first of all by:
Water loss with sweat
Increased diuresis
Increased number of erythrocytes
Increased protein concentration in plasm
Increased circulating blood volume
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Examination of a pregnant woman revealed twice as much concentration of fibrinogen in blood plasm. What ESR can this woman have?
2-12 mm/h
5-10 mm/h
0-5 mm/h
10-15 mm/h
40-50 mm/h
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Далі ›
Examination of a child who frequently suffers from infectious diseases revealed that IgG concentration in blood serum was 10 times less than normal, IgA and IgM concentration was also significantly reduced. Analysis showed also lack of B-lymphocytes and plasmocytes. What disease are these symptoms typical for?
Bruton’s disease
Dysimmunoglobulinemia
Di George syndrome
Swiss-type agammaglobulinemia
Louis-Bar syndrome
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Introduction of a big dose of histamine to an experimental animal caused abrupt drop of arterial pressure as a result of:
Decrease of heart rate
Constriction of resistance vessels
Increase of heart rate
Decrease of heart rate and force
Dilatation of resistance vessels
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Examination of a 42 year old patient revealed a tumour of adenohypophysis. Objectively: the patient’s weight is 117 kg, he has moon-like hyperemic face, red-blue striae of skin distension on his belly. Osteoporosis and muscle dystrophy are present. AP is 210/140 mm Hg. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Cushing’s disease
Conn’s disease
Essential hypertension
Diabetes mellitus
Cushing’s syndrome
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Vagus branches that innervate heart are being stimulated during an experiment. This caused reduction of heart rate due to the intensification of the following process (through the cell membrane of cardiac pacemaker):
Calcium ion yield
Calcium and potassium ion yield
Calcium ion entry
Potassium ion yield
Potassium ion entry
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A patient got an injury of spinal marrow in a road accident that caused loss of tactile sensation, posture sense, vibration sense. What conduction tracts are damaged?
Reticulospinal tract
Rubrospinal tract
Anterior spinocerebellar tract
Tectospinal tract
Fascicle of Goll and cuneate fascicle
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A scheme presents an exocrinous gland that has unbranched excretory duct with a terminal part in form of a saccule openining into the duct. How is this gland called according to the morphological classification of exocrinous glands?
Simple unbranched alveolar
Simple branched tubular
Compound unbranched alveolar
Compound branched alveolar
Compound unbranched alveolar tubular
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Examination of a patient revealed hypertrophy and inflammation of lymphoid tissue, edema of mucous membrane between palatine arches (acute tonsillitis). What tonsil is normally situated in this area?
-
Tonsilla lingualis
Tonsilla palatina
Tonsilla tubaria
Tonsilla pharyngealis
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A patient complained about muscle rigidity, constrained motions, constant tremor of arms. On the grounds of examination his disease was diagnosed as Parkinson’s disease. What drug should be administered?
Ethosuximide
Diphenylhydantoin
Phenobarbital
Diazepam
Levodopa
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Examination of a patient with impaired blood coagulation revealed thrombosis of a branch of inferior mesenteric artery. What bowel segment is damaged?
Colon sigmoideum
Ileum
Colon ascendens
Colon transversum
Caecum
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When blood circulation in the damaged tissue is restored, then lactate accumulation comes to a stop and glucose consumption decelerates. These metabolic changes are caused by activation of the following process:
Lipolysis
Anaerobic glycolysis
Aerobic glycolysis
Glycogen biosynthesis
Gluconeogenesis
‹ Назад
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A woman was delivered to a hospital for trachea intubation. What of the following drugs should be applied in this case?
Gentamycin sulfate
Dithylinum
Atropine sulfate
Metronidazole
Nitroglycerine
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A patient suffers from pulmonary tuberculosis. During treatment neuritis of visual nerve arose. What drug has caused this by-effect?
Kanamycin
Isoniazid
Streptomycin
Ethambutol
Rifampicin
‹ Назад
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A patient suffers from chronic left-ventricular insufficiency. What medication should be administered?
Digoxin
Etimizole
Pyracetam
Vinpocetine
Bemegride
‹ Назад
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Roentgenological examination of skull base bones revealed enlargement of sellar cavity, thinning of anterior clinoid processes, destruction of different parts, destruction of different parts of sella turcica. Such bone destruction might be caused by a tumour of the following wndocrinous gland:
Hypophysis
Adrenal glands
Epiphysis
Thymus gland
Thyroid gland
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Patients who suffer from severe diabetes and don’t receive insulin have metabolic acidosis. This is caused by increased concentration of the following metabolites:
Unsaturated fatty acids
Fatty acids
Ketone bodies
Cholesterol
Triacylglycerols
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A 4 year old child with hereditary renal lesion has signs of rickets, vitamin D concentration in blood is normal. What is the most probable cause of rickets development?
Increased excretion of calcium
Impaired synthesis of calcitriol
Lack of calcium in food
Hyperfunction of parathyroid glands
Hypofunction of parathyroid glands
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A man was intoxicated with mushrooms. They contain muscarine that stimulates muscarinic cholinoreceptors. What symptoms signalize intoxication with inedible mushrooms?
Rise of arterial pressure
Myotic pupils
Mydriatic pupils
Bronchi dilatation
Increased heart rate
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A 47 year old man with myocardium infarction was admitted to the cardiological department. What changes of cellular composition of peripheral blood are induced by necrotic changes in the myocardium?
Lymphopenia
Neutrophilic leukocytosis
Monocytosis
Thrombocytopenia
Eosinophilic leukocytosis
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A patient with skin mycosis has disorder of cellular immunity. The most typical characteristic of it is reduction of the following index:
T-lymphocytes
Immunoglobulin G
B-lymphocytes
Immunoglobulin E
Plasmocytes
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A 50 year old patient underwent resection of tumour of large intestine wall. Microscopically it presents itself as fascicles of divergent collagen fibers of different thickness and form and some monomorphous fusiform cells that are irregularly distributed among the fibers. Cellular atypia is not evident. What tumour is it?
Fibrosarcoma
Hard fibroma
Desmoma
Fibromyoma
Soft fibroma
‹ Назад
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A cell at the stage of mitosis anaphase was stimulated by colchicine that inhibits chromosome separation to the poles. What type of mutation will be caused?
Inversion
Translocation
Polyploidy
Deletion
Duplication
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Autopsy of a 5 year old child revealed in the area of vermis of cerebellum a soft greyish-pink node 2 cm in diameter with areas of haemorrhage. Histologically this tumour consisted of atypical monomorphous small roundish cells with big polymorphous nuclei. What tumour is it?
Oligodendroglioma
Glioblastoma
Astrocytoma
Medulloblastoma
Meningioma
‹ Назад
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Voluntary breath-holding caused increase of respiration depth and frequency. The main factor stimulating these changes of external respiration is:
Decreased tension of CO2 in blood
Increased tension of CO2 in blood
Decreased concentration of H + in blood
Decreased tension of O2 in blood
Increased tension of O2 in blood
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient was admitted to the surgical department with inguinal hernia. During the operation the surgeon performs plastic surgery on posterior wall of inguinal canal. What structure forms this wall?
Inguinal ligament
Transverse fascia
Aponeurosis of abdominal external oblique muscle
Peritoneum
Loose inferior edge of transverse abdominal muscle
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has delayed conduction of excitement through the atrioventricular node. What changes of ECG will be observed?
Prolongation of Q — S interval
Prolongation of P — Q interval
S — T-segment displacement
Prolongation of Q — T interval
Negative T wave
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Surface with an intact toad on it was inclined to the right. Tone of extensor muscles became reflectory higher due to the activation of the following receptors:
Vestibuloreceptors of semicircular ducts
Photoreceptors of retina
Proprioreceptors
Mechanoreceptors of foot skin
Vestibuloreceptors of utricle and saccule
‹ Назад
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A female patient underwent liver transplantation. 1,5 month after it her condition became worse because of reaction of transplant rejection. What factor of immune system plays the leading part in this reaction?
B-lymphocytes
T-killers
Interleukin-1
Natural killers
T-helpers
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Microscopical examination of a mi-crobal culture revealed fusiform sporeforming microorganisms that get violet-blue Gram’s stain. What microorganisms were revealed?
Diplococci
Spirochaete
Clostridia
Streptococci
Actinomycete
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A bacteriological laboratory received sputum sample of a patient suffering from tuberculosis. Bacterioscopic examination of smears and detection of tuberculosis bacillus can be realized by one of enrichment methods that involves processing of sputum only with solution of caustic soda. What is this method called?
Neutralization
Flotation
Filtration
Inactivation
Homogenization
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Electronic microphotography of pulmonary alveole’s wall presents a big cell. Its cytoplasm has a lot of mitochondria, developed Golgi apparatus, osmiophil lamellated corpuscles. What is the main function of this cell?
It warms the air
It produces surfactant
It absorbs microorganisms
It purifies the air
It is a component of blood-air barrier
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A patient in a transplantation centre underwent heart transplantation. The organ was taken from a donor who died in a road accident. Foreign heart can be rejected as a result of development of transplantation immunity. It is usually prevented by means of:
Immunosuppressors
X-ray therapy
Enzymes
Ultrasound
Chemotherapy
‹ Назад
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A child is pale, pastose, muscular tissue is bad developed, lymph nodes are enlarged. He often suffers from angina and pharyngitis, blood has signs of lymphocytosis. The child is also predisposed to autoallergic diseases. What type of diathesis can be presumed in this case?
Lymphohypoplastic
Exudative
Gouty
Hemorrhagic
Asthenic
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A patient had been suffering from profuse diarrhea and vomiting for 2 days. He died from acute dehydration. Autopsy revealed that the intestinal wall was edematic and hyperemic, with multiple haemorrhages in the mucous membrane. Intestine lumen contains whitish fluid resembling of rice water. What disease caused death?
Typhoid fever
Enterocolitis
Salmonellosis
Cholera
Dysentery
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Examination of a 66 year old patient revealed a lytic tumour in the locus of pathological rib fracture. Histologically this tumour consists of atypical plasmoblasts. Further examination revealed osteoporosis in the bones of vertebral column and pelvis. These changes are typical for:
Neuroblastoma
Tuberculous osteomyelitis
Metastatic lung cancer
Ewing’s osteosarcoma
Myelomatosis
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A patient died from acute cardiac insufficiency, among clinical presentations there was gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Examination of mucous membrane of sromach revealed some defects reaching myenteron; their edges and bottom were mostly even and loose, some of them contained dark-red blood. What pathological process was revealed?
Acute ulcers
Inflammation
Thrombosis
Erosions
Chronic ulcers
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A 33 year old man died from uraemia. Autopsy revealed enlarged kidneys weighing 500,0 each and consisting of multiple cavities 0,5-2 cm in diameter. The cavities were full of light-yellow transparent liquid. Renal pelvis and ureters had no pecularities. What renal disease caused uraemia?
Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
Chronic pyelonephritis
Renal tuberculosis
Renal tumour
Bilateral polycystic renal disease
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient got a trauma that caused dysfunction of motor centres regulating activity of head muscles. In what parts of cerebral cortex is the respective centre normally localized?
Angular gyrus
Superior part of precentral gyrus
Inferior part of precentral gyrus
Superior parietal lobule
Supramarginal gyrus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Material taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis 'influenza' was referred to a laboratory. For virological examination the hemadsorption reaction was applied. This reaction can be applied for detection of the following viruses:
DNA-genomic viruses
Any viruses
All the complex viruses
Viruses containing hemagglutinins
All the simple viruses
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Lungs of a preterm infant have areas of atelectasis (pulmonary collapse). The main cause is:
Surfactant excess
Increased viscous resistance
Surfactant deficiency
Underdeveloped inspiration muscles
Diminished force of surface tension of lungs
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An alcoholic woman has born a girl with mental and physical developmental lag. Doctors diagnosed the girl with fetal alcohol syndrome. What effect is the cause of the girl’s state?
Mechanic
Carcinogenic
Malignization
Teratogenic
Mutagenic
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Далі ›
A viral infection has damaged cells that form walls of bile capillaries. This stimulated conditions for inflow of bile into the blood of sinusoidal capillaries. What cells are damaged?
Ito cells
Kupffer’s cells
Endotheliocytes
Pit-cells
Hepatocytes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Dietary intake of a 30 year old nursing woman contains 1000 mg of calcium, 1300 mg of phosphorus and 20 mg of iron per day. It is necessary to change content of these mineral substances in the followi- ng way:
To increase iron content
To reduce iron content
To reduce fluorine content
To increase phosphorus content
To increase calcium content
‹ Назад
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A patient with obliterating atherosclerosis underwent sympathectomy of femoral artery in the region of femoral trigone. What type of arterial hyperemia was induced by the operation?
Neurotonic
Neuroparalytic
Metabolic
Reactive
Functional
‹ Назад
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A15 year old girl has pale skin, glossitis, gingivitis. Blood count: erythrocytes -3, 3 cot 1012/l, hemoglobin - 70 g/l, colour index - 0,5. Examination of blood smear revealed hypochromia, microcytosis, poi-kilocytosis. What type of anemia is it?
Thalassemia
Sickle-cell
Iron-deficient
B12-folic acid-deficient
Hemolytic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Burned skin surface was treated with a certain preparation. Its antiseptic properties are provided by atomic oxygen that is formed in presence of organic substances. What preparation was applied?
Potassium permanganate
Furacillin
Alcoholic iodine solution
Chlorhexidine bigluconate
Sodium hydrocarbonate
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cardinal symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism are osteoporosis and renal lesion along with development of urolithiasis. What substance makes up the basis of these calculi in this disease?
Cholesterol
Bilirubin
Calcium phosphate
Uric acid
Cystine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with chronic cardiac insufficiency has been taking foxglove (Digitalis) preparations for a long time. Due to the violation of intake schedule the woman got symptoms of intoxication. These symptoms result from:
Sensibilization
Idiosyncrasy
Tachyphylaxis
Antagonism
Material cumulation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient was diagnosed with paralysis of facial and masticatory muscles. The haematoma is inside the genu of internal capsule. What conduction tract is damaged?
Tr. cortico-thalamicus
Tr. cortico-spinalis
Tr. cortico-fronto-pontinus
Tr. cortico-nuclearis
Tr. cortico-temporo-parieto-occipito-pontinus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 5 year old child is ill with measles. Blood analysis revealed increase of total number of leukocytes up to 13 • 109/l. Leukogram: basophils - 0, eosinophils - 1, myelocytes - 0, juvenile neutrophils - 0, band neutrophils - 2, segmented neutrophils - 41, lymphocytes - 28, monocytes - 28. Name this phenomenon :
Lymphocytosis
Eosinopenia
Agranulocytosis
Monocytosis
Neutropenia
‹ Назад
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A patient was admitted to the infectious department. His symptoms: dry skin, decreased skin turgor, rice-water stool. The patient was diagnosed with cholera. What disorder of waterelectrolytic balance is most often observed in this disease?
Hypoosmotic hyperhydration
Isoosmotic hypohydration
Hypoosmotic hypohydration
Hyperosmotic hyperhydration
Hyperosmotic hypohydration
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A foreign body (a button) closed space of the right superior lobar bronchus. What segments of the right lung won’t be supplied with air?
Medial and lateral
Apical, posterior, anterior
Apical and posterior basal
Superior and inferior lingular
Apical and median basal
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Далі ›
A patient was diagnosed with bartholinitis (inflammation of greater vulvovaginal glands). In which organ of urogenital system are these glands localized?
Uterus
Small lips of pudendum
Clitoris
Large lips of pudendum
Vagina
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A histological specimen presents an artery. One of the membranes of its wall has flat cells lying on the basal membrane. What type of cells is it?
Macrophages
Endothelium
Mesothelium
Fibroblasts
Smooth myocytes
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Study of conversion of a food colouring agent revealed that neutralization of this xenobiotic takes place only in one phase - microsomal oxydation. Name a component of this phase:
Cytochrome P-450
Cytochrome oxidase
Cytochrome C
Cytochrome A
Cytochrome B
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Ultrasonic examination of a patient revealed aneurism in the area of aortic arch that caused alteration of vocal function of larynx. What nerve was constricted?
Mandibular
Sublingual
Superior laryngeal
Recurrent laryngeal
Diaphragmatic
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A 25 year old man has spent a long time in the sun under high air humidity. As a result of it his body temperature rose up to 39oC. What pathological process is it?
Hypothermia
Infectious fever
Hyperthermia
Noninfectious fever
Burn disease
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A 23 year old man has perforation of hard palate. In the area of this perforation there was a compact well-defined formation. Microscopic examination of the resected formation revealed a large focus of caseous necrosis surrounded by granulation tissue with endovasculi- tis, cellular infiltration composed of lymphocytes, epithelioid cells (mainly plasmocytes). What is the most probable diagnosis?
Sarcoma
Scleroma
Leprosy
Syphilis
Tuberculosis
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A young woman who entered a production department where it strongly smelt of paints and varnishes had a bronchospasm. This reflex was caused by irritation of the following receptors:
Juxtaglomerular
Irritant
Central chemoreceptors
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Pleura receptors
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A 50 year old man who was referred to the hospital for treatment of cervical lymphadenitis underwent test for induvi-dual sensitivity to penicillin. 30 seconds after he went hot all over, AP dropped down to 0 mm Hg that led to cardiac arrest. Resuscitation was unsuccessful. Autopsy results: acute venous plethora of internal organs; histological examination of skin ( from the site of injection) revealed degranulation of mast cells (tissue basophils ). Degranulation was also revealed in myocardium and lungs. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is it?
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
-
Complement-mediated cytotoxic
Anaphylactic
Immunocomplex-mediated
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One of sections of central nervous system has layerwise arrangement of neurocytes. Among them there are cells of the following forms: stellate, fusiform, horizontal, pyramidal. What section of central nervous system is this structure typical for?
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Spinal cord
Cortex of cerebrum
Medulla oblongata
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Study of fingerprints (dactylography) is used by criminalists for personal identification as well as for diagnostics of genetic abnormalities, particularly Dawn’s disease. What layer of skin determines individuality of fingerprints?
Reticular
Clear (stratum lucidum epidermidis)
Dermopapillary
Horny
Basal
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A patient has herpetic rash. What medication should be administered?
Clotrimazole
Biseptol
Benzylpenicillin sodium salt
Acyclovir
Gentamycin
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Cytogenetic examination of a patient with reproductive dysfunction revealed normal karyotype 46 XY in some cells, but most cells have karyotype of Klinefelter’s syndrome - 47 XXY. Such cell heterogeni-ty is called:
Transposition
Duplication
Mosaicism
Inversion
Monomorphism
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An isolated muscle fiber is under examination. It was established that the threshold of stimulation force became significantly lower. What is the cause of this phenomenon?
Activation of sodium channels of membrane
Activation of potassium channels of membrane
Block of energy production in the cell
Inactivation of potassium channels of membrane
Inactivation of sodium channels of membrane
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During examination of a patient a dentist revealed a lot of 'white spots' zones of enamel demineralization. What microorganisms take part in the development of this process?
Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus salivarius
Veilonella parvula
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Surgical approach to the thyroid gland from the transverse (collar) approach involves opening of interaponeurot suprasternal space. What anatomic structure localized in this space is dangerous to be damaged?
External jugular vein
Jugular venous arch
Superior thyroid arthery
Inferior thyroid arthery
Subclavicular vein
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A doctor revealed tissues injury on patient’s scalp with localized suppurations and diagnosed his disease as myiasis. This infestation is caused by larvae of the following insect:
Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans)
Kissing bug
Mosquito
Malarial mosquito
Wohlfahrt fly
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A patient with hip fracture was prescribed a narcotic analgetic. Its anesthetic action is determined by interaction with the following receptors:
Benzodiazepine receptors
Cholinoreceptors
GABA-ergic receptors
Adrenoreceptors
Opiate receptors
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A patient consumed a lot of reach in proteins food that caused increase of rate of proteolytic enzymes of pancreatic juice. It is also accompanied by increase of rate of the following enzyme:
Renin
Tripsin
Pepsin
Enterokinase
Gastricsin
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In course of an experiment thalamocortical tracts of an animal were cut. What type of sensory perception remained intact?
Exteroreceptive
Visual
Nociceptive
Olfactory
Auditory
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A 2 year old child had acute respiratory viral infection and died from cardiopulmonary decompensation. Autopsy revealed that his right lung was hyperemic; in the 2nd, 6th and 10th segments and on the incision there were airless yellowish foci of irregular form, from several mm up to 1 cm large. Mi- croscopical examination revealed exudate consisting mainly of neutrophils in the given areas of pulmonary tissue in the alveoles, bronchioles and bronchial tubes. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Acute bronchitis
Pulmonary abscess
Interstitial pneumonia
Focal pneumonia
Croupous pneumonia
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A 25 year old patient was examined by a medical board. Examination revealed pathology of chest. Transverse dimensions were to small and the sternum was strongly protruding. What chest type is it?
Funnel chest
Flat chest
Barrel chest
Keeled chest
Cylindrical chest
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An infectious disease caused contractive activity of muscles that contract and dilate eye pupil ( paralytic state). What functional eye system was damaged?
Ancillary
Photosensory
Accomodative
Lacrimal apparatus
Dioptric
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Brain tomography revealed a tumour in the region of red nucleus. What part of brain isdamaged?
Pons cerebelli
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Midbrain
Interbrain
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