0%
1 із 200
00:00
An unconscious patient was delivered to the admission ward. Objectively: the patient’s skin is cold, pupils are myotic, he has laboured Cheyne-Stokes respiration, arterial pressure is low, urinary bladder is full. What substance has caused intoxication?
Muscarinic receptor blockers
-
Tranquilizers
Narcotic analgetics
Non-narcotic analgetics
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Characteristic sign of glycogenosis is muscle pain during physical work. Blood examination reveals usually hypoglycemia. This pathology is caused by congenital deficiency of the following enzyme:
Gamma amylase
Lysosomal glycosidase
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Alpha amylase
Glycogen phosphorylase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman works as railway traffic controller. She suffers from seasonal vasomotor rhinitis and gets treatment in the outpatient setting. She was prescribed an antihistamine that has no effect upon central nervous system. What drug is it?
Dimedrol
Loratadine
Promethazine
Suprastin
Tavegil
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During an operation a patient got injection of muscle relaxant dithylinum. Relaxation of skeletal muscles and inhibition of respiration lasted two hours. This condition was caused by absence of the following enzyme in blood serum:
Catalase
Glutathione peroxidase
Glucose 6-phosphatase
Butyrylcholin esterase
Acetylcholinesterase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a patient suffering from cancer of urinary bladder revealed high rate of serotonin and hydroxyanthranilic acid. It is caused by excess of the following amino acid in the organism:
Tryptophan
Histidine
Methionine
Tyrosine
Alanine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Blood of a 12 year old boy presents low concentration of uric acid and accumulation of xanthine and hypoxanthine. This child has genetic defect of the following enzyme:
Xanthine oxidase
Urease
Arginase
Ornithine carbamoyltransferase
Glycerylkinase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient who suffers from insomnia caused by emotional disorder was prescribed a hypnotic drug with tranquillizing effect. What hypnotic was prescribed?
Nitrazepam
Sodium ethaminal
Bromisoval
Phenobarbital
Chloral hydrate
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient is ill with diabetes melli-tus accompanied by hyperglycemia on an empty stomach (7,2 millimole/l). The hyperglycemia rate can be retrospectively estimated (over the last 4-8 weeks before the examination) on the ground of the rate of the following blood plasma protein:
C -reactive protein
Glycated hemoglobin
Ceruloplasmin
Albumin
Fibrinogen
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In course of laparotomy a surgeon revealed gangrenous lesion of descending colon. It was caused by thrombosis of the following artery:
Ileocolic
Dexter colic
Median colic
Superior mesenteric artery
Sinister colic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 60 year old patient has impaired perception of high-frequency sounds. These changes were caused by damage of the following auditory analyzer structures:
Main cochlea membrane near the oval window
Eustachian tube
Main cochlea membrane near the helicotrema
Tympanic membrane
Middle ear muscles
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has low rate of magnesium ions that are necessary for affixion of ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum. It is known that it causes disturbance of protein biosynthesis. At what stage is protein biosynthesis impaired?
Transcription
Translation
Amino acid activation
Replication
Termination
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A healthy man is in a region with high risk of catching malaria. What drug should be administered for individual chemoprophylaxis of malaria?
Sulfalen
Biseptol
Metronidazole
Chingamin
Tetracycline
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A full-term newborn child has yellowish skin and mucous membranes. This might be probably caused by temporary deficiency of the following enzyme:
Uridine transferase
UDPglucoronyltransferase
Biliverdin reductase
Heme synthetase
Heme oxygenase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with neurodermatitis has been taking prednisolone for a long time. Examination revealed high rate of sugar in his blood. This complication is caused by the drug influence upon the following link of carbohydrate metabolism:
Activation of insulin decomposition
Glycogenogenesis activation
Gluconeogenesis activation
Inhibition of glycogen synthesis
Intensification of glucose absorption in the bowels
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Labelled amino acids alanine and tryptophane were injected to a mouse in order to study localization of protein synthesis in its cells. The labelled amino acids will be accumulated near the following organellas:
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Cell centre
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Students who are taking examinations often have dry mouth. The mechanism that causes this state is the realization of the following reflexes:
Unconditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned peripheral
Conditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned parasympathetic
Conditioned parasympathetic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Inflammation of the tympanic cavity (purulent otitis media) was complicated by inflammation of mammillary process sockets. What wall of tympanic cavity did the pus penetrate into the sockets through?
Superior
Medial
Posterior
Lateral
Anterior
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a patient revealed typical presentations of collagenosis. This pathology is characterized by increase of the following urine index:
Ammonium salts
Glucose
Mineral salts
Hydroxyproline
Arginine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Untrained people often have muscle pain after sprints as a result of lactate accumulation. This might be caused by intensification of the following biochemical process:
Glycolysis
Glycogenesis
Gluconeogenesis
Pentose phosphate pathway
Lipogenesis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a patient suffering from frequent haemorrhages in the inner organs and mucous membranes revealed proline and lysine being included in collagen fibers. Impairment of their hydroxylation is caused by lack of the following vitamin:
C
K
A
E
D
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During an experiment a skeletal muscle is stimulated by a series of electric impulses. What type of muscle contraction will be observed provided that each subsequent impulse comes in the period of shortening of the previous single muscle contraction?
Asynchronous tetanus
Holotetanus
Partial tetanus
A series of single contractures
Muscle contracture
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 48 year old patient complained about intense pain, slight swelling and reddening of skin over the joints, temperature rise up to 38oC. Blood analysis revealed high concentration of urates. This condition might be caused by disturbed metabolism of:
Collagen
Purines
Carbohydrates
Cholesterol
Pyrimidines
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An experimantal animal that was kept on protein-free diet developed fatty liver infiltration, in particular as a result of deficiency of methylating agents. This is caused by disturbed generation of the following metabolite:
DOPA
Choline
Acetoacetate
Linoleic acid
Cholesterol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 46 year old woman suffering from chololithiasis developed jaundice. Her urine became darkyellow and feces became colourless. Blood serum will have the highest concentration of the following substance:
Mesobilirubin
Biliverdin
Conjugated bilirubin
Unconjugated bilirubin
Urobilinogen
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffering from infectious mononucleosis has been taking glucocorticosteroids for two weeks. This resulted in remission but the patient got exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis. This complication is induced by the following effect of glucocorticosteroids:
Antitoxic
Immunosuppressive
Antiallergenic
Anti-shock
Anti-inflammatory
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 62 year woman complains of frequent pain attacks in the area of her chest and backbone, rib fractures. Her doctor suspected myeloma (plasmocytoma). What of the following laboratory characteristics will be of the greatest diagnostic importance?
Hypoglobulinemia
Hypoproteinemia
Proteinuria
Paraproteinemia
Hyperalbuminemia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A newborn child has convulsions that have been observed after prescription of vitamin B6. This most probable cause of this effect is that vitamin B6 is a componet of the following enzyme:
Glycogen phosphorylase
Aminolevulinate synthase
Pyruvate dehydrostase
Glutamate decarboxylase
Netoglubarate dehydromine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient who has been abusing tobacco smoking for a long time has got cough accompanied by excretion of viscous mucus; weakness after minor physical stress, pale skin. The patient has also lost 12,0 kg of body weight. Endoscopic examination of biosy material his illness was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Name a pathological process that preceded formation of the tumour:
Necrosis
Metaplasia
Hyperplasia
Hypoplasia
Sclerosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Bacterioscopic examination of a smear from the pharynx of a diphtheria suspect revealed bacilli with volutine granules. What etiotropic drug should be chosen in this case?
Antidiphtheritic antitoxic serum
Bacteriophage
Interferon
Diphtheritic anatoxin
Eubiotic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient caught a cold after which there appeared facial expression disorder. He cannot close his eyes, raise his eyebrows, bare his teeth. What nerve is damaged?
Glossopharyngeal
Trigeminus
Facial
Infraorbital
Vagus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient underwent an operation on account of gall bladder excision that resulted in obstruction of Ca absorption through the bowels wall. What vitamin wil stimulate this process?
C
D3
K
PP
B12
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 70 year old female patient was diagnosed with fracture of left femoral neck accompanied by disruption of ligament of head of femur. The branch of the following artery is damaged:
Femoral
Obturator
External iliac
Internal pudendal
Inferior gluteal
‹ Назад
Далі ›
ECG of a patient shows prolongation of T-wave. This is caused by deceleration in ventricles of:
Contraction
Repolarization
Depolarization and repolarization
Depolarization
Relaxation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient complains of frequent diarrheas, especially after consumption of rich food, weight loss. Laboratory examination revealed steatorrhea; his feces were hypocholic. What might have caused such condition?
Unbalanced diet
Lack of pancreatic phospholipase
Lack of pancreatic lipase
Obturation of biliary tracts
Inflammation of mucous membrane of small intestine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a patient with pustular skin lesions allowed to isolate a causative agent that forms in the blood agar roundish yellow middle-sized colonies surrounded by haemolysis zone. Smears from the colonies contain irregularshaped clusters of gram-positive cocci. The culture is oxidase- and catalasepositive, ferments mannitol and synthesizes plasmocoagulase. What causative agent was isolated?
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient complained about being unable to adduct and abduct fingers in the metacarpophalangeal articulations towards and away from the 3rd finger. Which muscles’ function is impaired?
Lumbrical muscles
Interosseous muscles
Long flexors of fingers
Extensors
Breviflexors of fingers
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 44 year old woman complains of general weakness, heart pain, significant increase of body weight. Objectively: moon face, hirsutism, AP is 165/100 mm Hg, height - 164 cm, weight - 103 kg; the fat is mostly accumulated on her neck, thoracic girdle, belly. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of obesity?
Reduced glucagon production
Increased insulin production
Increased production of glucocorticoids
Increased mineralocorticoid production
Reduced production of thyroid hormones
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 34 year old woman was diagnosed with hereditary microspherocytic hemolytic anemia ( Minkowsky-Shauffard disease). What mechanism caused haemolysis of erythrocytes?
Hemoglobinopathy
Enzymopathy
Membranopathy
Bone marrow hypoploasia
Autoimmune disorder
‹ Назад
Далі ›
According to the model of double DNA helix that was suggested by Watson and Creek, it was established that one of chains would not be lost during replication and the second chain would be synthesized complementary to the first one. What way of replication is it?
Conservative
Identical
Semiconservative
Dispersed
Analogous
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 4 year old child was admitted to the orthopaedic department with shin fracture together with displacement. Bone fragments reposition requires preliminary analgesia. What preparation should be chosen?
-
Panadol
Promedol
Morphine hydrochloride
Analgin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffers from hepatoci-rrhosis. State of antitoxic liver function can be characterized by examination of the following substance exreted by urine:
Ammonium salts
Hippuric acid
Amino acids
Uric acid
Creatinine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 22 year old patient from the West Ukraine complains of laboured nasal breathing. Morphological examination of biopsy material of nasal mucous membrane revealed lymphoid, epithelioid, plasma cells as well as Mikulicz’s cells. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Leprosy
Syphilis
Rhinoscleroma
Tuberculosis
Glanders
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Vitamin A together with specific cytoreceptors penetrates through the nuclear membranes, induces transcription processes that stimulate growth and differentiation of cells. This biological function is realized by the following form of vitamin A:
Trans-retinal
Retinol
Cis-retinal
Trans-retinoic acid
Carotin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During preparation of a patient to a heart surgery it was necessary to measure pressure in heart chambers. In one of them pressure varied from 0 mm Hg up to 120 mm Hg within one cardiac cycle. What heart chamber is it?
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
-
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of coronary arteries revealed atherosclerotic calcified plaques closing vessel lumen by 1/3. The muscle has multiple whitish layers of connective tissue. What process was revealed in the myocardium?
Postinfarction cardiosclerosis
Diffusive cardiosclerosis
Tiger heart
Myocardium infarction
Myocarditis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In order to determine toxigenicity of diphtheria bacilli a strip of filter paper impregnated with antitoxic diphtherial serum was put on the dense nutrient medium. There were also inoculated a mi-crobal culture under examination and a strain that is known to be toxigenic. If the microbal culture under examination produces exotoxin, this wil result in formation of:
Zones of lecithovitellinous activity
Precipitin ring
Zones of diffuse opacification
Haemolysis zones
Precipitin lines
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 63 year old male patient who had been suffering from chronic diffuse obstructive disease, pulmonary emphysema, for 15 years died from cardiac insufficiency. Autopsy revealed nutmeg liver cirrhosis, cyanotic induration of kidneys and spleen, ascites, edemata of lower limbs. These changes of internal organs are typical for the following disease:
Chronic right-ventricular insufficiency
General cardiac insufficiency
Acute left-ventricular insufficiency
Acute right-ventricular insufficiency
Chronic left-ventricular insufficiency
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of an ovary specimen stained by hematoxylin-eosine revealed a follicle in which follicular epithelium consisted of 1-2 layers of cubic cells. There was also a bright red membrane around the ovocyte. What follicle is it?
Atretic
Secondary
Primordial
Mature
Primary
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A newborn child suffers from milk curdling in stomach, this means that soluble milk proteins ( caseins) transform to insoluble proteins (paracaseins) by means of calcium ions and a certain enzyme. What enzyme takes part in this process?
Pepsin
Lipase
Renin
Gastrin
Secretin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffers from diabetes meli-tus. After the regular insulin injection his condition grew worse: there appeared anxiety, cold sweat, tremor of limbs, general weakness, dizziness. What preparation can eliminate these symptoms?
Adrenaline hydrochloride
Glibutide
Butamide
Caffeine
Noradrenaline
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has difficulties with hand movement. Examination revealed inflammation of common synovial sheath of flexor muscles. It is known from the patient’s anamnesis that he got a stab wound of finger a week ago. Which finger was most probably damaged?
Digitus minimus
Index
Digitus medius
Digitus anularis
Pollex
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Clinical diagnosis of a female patient was gonorrhoea. What examination method can be applied for confirmation of this diagnosis?
Infection of laboratory animals
Hemagglutination reaction
Test with bacteriophage
Immobilization reaction
Microscopy of pathological material
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Autopsy of a man who died from burn disease revealed brain edema, liver enlargement as well as enlargement of kidneys with wide light-grey cortical layer and plethoric medullary area. Microscopic examination revealed necrosis of tubules of main segments along with destruction of basal membranes, intersti-cium edema with leukocytic infiltration and haemorrhages. What is the most probable postmortem diagnosis?
Myeloma kidney
Necrotic nephrosis
Tubulointerstitial nephritis
Gouty kidney
Pyelonephritis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 30 year old man had been suffering from acute respiratory disease and died from cardiopulmonary decompensation. Autopsy revealed fibrinous-haemorrhagic inflammation in the mucous membrane of larynx and trachea, destructive panbronchitis, enlarged lungs that look black due to the multiple abcesses, haemorrhages, necrosis. What is the most probable postmortem diagnosis?
Parainfluenza
Respiratory syncytial infection
Measles
Influenza
Adenoviral infection
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 19 year old woman suffers from primary syphilis. Doctor administered her complex therapy that includes benzylpenicillin sodium salt. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?
It blocks RNA synthesis
It blocks synthesis of peptidoglycan of microbal membrane
It blocks DNA synthesis
It blocks thiol enzymes
It blocks synthesis of cytoplasm proteins
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 65 year old female patient suffers from chronic renal insufficiency accompanied by evident edemata caused by chronic glomerulonephritis. What diuretic should be administered for forced diuresis?
Chlorthalidone
Acetazolamide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Cyclometazide
Furosemide
‹ Назад
Далі ›
6 months after labour a woman had uterine hemorrhage. Gynaecological examination of uterine cavity revealed a dark-red tissue with multiple cavities resembling of a 'sponge'. Microscopic examination of a tumour revealed in blood lacunas atypic light epithelial Langhans cells and giant cells of syncyti-otrophoblast. What tumour is it?
Squamous cell nonkeratinous carcinoma
Cystic mole
Fibromyoma
Chorioepithelioma
Adenocarcinoma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Atria of an experimental animal were superdistended by blood that resulted in decreased reabsorption of Na+ and water in renal tubules. This can be explained by the influence of the following factor upon kidneys:
Natriuretic hormone
Vasopressin
Renin
Angiotensin
Aldosterone
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffering from periodical attacks caused by inhalation of different flavoring substances was diagnosed with atopic bronchial asthma. IgE level was increased. This is typical for the following type of reactions:
delayed-type hypersensitivity
Immunocomplex reactions
Autoimmune reactions
Cytotoxic reactions
Anaphylactic reactions
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During regular examination of schoolchildren it was revealed that a 10 year old girl had asymmetric oval eggs with a larva in the scrape from her perianal folds. What diagnosis should be made?
Trichocephalosis
Amebiasis
Ascariasis
Enterobiasis
Ankylostomiasis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Histological examination of a 40 year old man’s thymus revealed reduced share of parenchymatous elements, increased share of adipose and loose connective tissue, its enrichment with thymus bodies. The organ’s mass was unchanged. What is this phenomenon called?
Dystrophy
Atrophy
Accidental involution
Age involution
Hypotrophy
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 56 year old patient suffering from cardiac insufficiency has edema of feet and shins, edematous skin is pale and cold. What is the leding mechanism of edema pathogenesis?
Positive water balance
Rise of hydrostatic pressure in venules
Drop of oncotic pessure in capillaries
Disorder of lymph outflow
Increase of capillary permeability
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Researchers of a bacteriological laboratory examine tinned meat for botulinic toxin. For this purpose a group of mice was injected with an extract of the material under examination and antitoxic antibotulinic serum of A, B, E types. A control group of mice was injected with the same extract but without antibotuli-nic serum. What serological reaction was applied?
Precipitation
Neutralization
Double immune diffusion
Opsonocytophagic
Complement binding
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A clinic observes a 49 year old patient with significant prolongation of coagulation time, gastrointestinal haemorrhages, subcutaneous hematomas. These symptoms might be explained by the deficiency of the following vitamin:
H
K
E
B6
Bi
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffering from chronic cardiac insufficiency was recommended to undergo a prophylactic course of treatment with a cardiological drug from the group of cardiac glycosides that is to be taken enterally. What drug was recommended?
Cordarone
Cordiamin
Digoxin
Corglycon
Strophanthine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A cerebral trauma caused increased ammonia generation. What amino acid participates in the excretion of ammonia from the cerebral tissue?
Lysine
Tryptophan
Glutamic
Tyrosine
Valine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During the repeated Widal’s agglutination test it was noticed that the ratio of antibody titers and O-antigens S.typhi in the patient’s serum had increased from 1:100 to 1:400. How would you interpret these results?
The patient was previously vaccinated against typhoid fever
The patient has typhoid fever
The patient is a chronic carrier of typhoid microbs
The patient previously had typhoid fever
The patient is an acute carrier of typhoid microbes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
It is known that the gene responsible for development of blood groups according to AB0 system has three allele variants. If a man has IV blood group, it can be explained by the following variability form:
Mutational
Genocopy
Phenocopy
Combinative
Phenotypic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
48 hours after tuberculine test (Mantoux test) a child had a papule 10 mm in diameter on the spot of tuberculine injection. What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies these changes?
Cellular cytotoxicity
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
Immunocomplex cytotoxicity
Anaphylaxy
Granulomatosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a newborn boy’s genitalia revealed an urethral hiatus that opens on the undersite of his penis. What malformation is it?
Epispadia
Hypospadias
Cryptorhidism
Monorchism
Hermaphroditism
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient complains about impaired evacuatory function of stomach (longterm retention of food in stomach). Examination revealed a tumour of initial part of duodenum. Specify localization of the tumour:
Flexura duodeni inferior
Pars superior
Pars inferior
Pars descendens
Pars ascendens
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A concentrated solution of sodium chloride was intravenously injected to an animal. This caused decreased reabsorption of sodium ions in the renal tubules. It is the result of the following changes of hormonal secretion:
Aldosterone increase
Vasopressin increase
Aldosterone reduction
Reduction of atrial natriuretic factor
Vasopressin reduction
‹ Назад
Далі ›
People adapted to high external temperatures have such pecularity: profuse sweating isn’t accompanied by loss of large volumes of sodium chloride. This is caused by the effect of the following hormone upon the perspiratory glands:
Natriuretic
Tgyroxin
Vasopressin
Cortisol
Aldosterone
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Emotional stress causes activation of hormon-sensitive triglyceride lipase in the adipocytes. What secondary mediator takes part in this process?
Adenosine monophosphate
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
Diacylglycerol
Ions of Ca2+
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has been syffering from diarrhea for 5 day. On the fith day colonoscopy revealed that membrane of rectum was inflamed, there were greyish-green films closely adhering to the subjacent tissue. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Typhoid fever
Salmonellosis
Dysentery
Nonspecific ulcerous colitis
Crohn’s disease
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 17 year old boy fell seriously ill, the body temperature rose up to 38,5oC, there appeared cough, rhinitis, lacrimati-on, nasal discharges. What inflammation is it?
Catarrhal
Fibrinous
Hemorrhagic
Purulent
Serous
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 25 year old Palestinian woman complains of weakness, dizziness, dyspnea. In anamnesis: periodically exacerbating anemia. In blood: Hb - 60 g/l, erythrocytes - 2,5 • 1012/l, reticulocytes - 35o/oo, anisocytosis and poikilocytosis of erythrocytes, a lot of target cells and polychromatophils. What type of anemia is it?
Thalassemia
Sickle-cell anemia
Minkowsky-Shauffard disease
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient anemia
Addison-Biermer disease
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffering from initial hypertension has been taking an antihypertensive preparation for a long time. Suddenly he stopped taking this preparation. After this his condition grew worse, this led to development of hypertensive crisis. This by-effect can be classified as:
Tolerance
Abstinence syndrome
Dependence
Cumulation
Sensibilization
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Inflammatory processes cause synthesis of protein of acute phase in an organism. What substances stumulate their synthesis?
Interleukin-1
Interferons
Angiotensin
Biogenic amins
Immunoglobulins
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 42 year old woman with neuralgia of trifacial nerve complains about periodical reddening of the right part of her face and neck, sense of warmth gush, increased skin sensitivity. These effects can be explained by the following type of arterial hyperemia:
Functional
Neuroparalytic
Metabolic
Neurotonic
Reactive
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 30 year old woman has face edemata. Examination revealed proteinuria (5,87 g/l), hypoproteinemia, dysproteinemia, hyperlipidemia. What condition is the set of these symptoms typical for?
Chronic renal failure
Nephritic syndrome
Chronic pyelonephritis
Nephrotic syndrome
Acute renal failure
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Autopsy of a 17 year old girl who died from pulmonary failure revealed a small area of caseous necrosis in the inferior lobe of the right lung, and occurences of caseous necrosis in the bronchopulmonary, bronchial and bi-furcational lymph nodes. What is the most probable postmortem diagnosis?
Tuberculoma
Primary tuberculosis
Hematogenous tuberculosis with predominant lung affection
Hematogenous progression of primary tuberculosis
Caseous pneumonia under secondary tuberculosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has a decreased vasopressin synthesis that causes polyuria and as a result of it evident organism dehydratati-on. What is the mechanism of polyuria development?
Acceleration of glomerular filtration
Reduced tubular reabsorption of protein
Reduced tubular reabsorption of water
Reduced tubular reabsorption of Na ions
Reduced glucose reabsorption
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 35 year old man consulted a dentist about reduced density of dental tissue, high fragility of teeth during eating solid food. This patient suffers the most probably from the deficiency of the following mineral element:
Magnesium
Iron
Sodium
Calcium
Potassium
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient staying in the pulmonologi-cal department was diagnosed with pulmonary emphysema accompanied by reduced elasticity of pulmonary tissue. What type of respiration is observed?
Periodic respiration
Inspiratory dyspnea
Infrequent respiration
Superficial respiration
Expiratory dyspnea
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 4 year old child complained of pain during deglutition, indisposition. Objectively: palatine arches and tonsils are moderately edematic and hyperemic, there are greyish-white films up to 1 mm thick closely adhering to the subjacent tissues. What pathological process are these changes typical for?
Metaplasia
Necrosis
Dystrophy
Inflammation
Organization
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An unconscious young man with signs of morphine poisoning entered admission office. His respiration is shallow and infrequent which is caused by inhibition of respiratory centre. What type of respiratory failure is it?
Perfusive
Diffusive
Ventilative obstructive
Ventilative restrictive
Ventilative dysregulatory
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with cholelithiasis fell ill with mechanic jaundice. Examination revealed that the stone was in the common bile duct. What bile-excreting ducts make up the obturated duct?
Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus cysticus
Ductus hepaticus dexter et ductus cysticus
Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus choledochus
Ductus hepaticus sinister et ductus cysticus
Ductus hepaticus dexter et sinister
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient is 44 years old. Laboratory examination of his blood revealed that content of proteins in plasma was 40 g/l. What influence will be exerted on the transcapillary water exchange?
Filtration will be increased, reabsorption - decreased
Both filtration and reabsorption will be decreased
Both filtration and reabsorption will be increased
Filtration will be decreased, reabsorption - increased
Exchange will stay unchanged
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After destruction of CNS structures an animal lost orientative reflexes. What structure was destroyed?
Black substance
Lateral vestibular nuclei
Medial reticular nuclei
Red nucleus
Quadrigeminal plate
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An isolated cell of human heart automatically generates excitement impulses with frequency of 60 times per minute. This cell was taken from the following heart structure :
His’ bundle
Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
Ventricle
Atrium
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 62 year old patient who previously worked as stoker was admitted to a hospital with complaints about general weakness, abrupt weight loss, hoarse voice, dyspnea, dry cough. Laryngoscopy revealed a tumour in the pharynx that invaded vocal cords and epiglottis. What is the most probable cause of tumour development?
Polycyclic aromatic carbohydrates
Ionizing radiation
Retroviruses
Nitrosamines
Aromatic amines and amides
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a man who had been working hard under higher temperature of the environment revealed abnormal quantity of blood plasma proteins. What phenomenon is the case?
Dysproteinemia
Absolute hyperproteinemia
Absolute hypoproteinemia
Paraproteinemia
Relative hyperproteinemia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with thrombophlebitis of his lower limbs had chest pain, blood spitting, progressing respiratory insufficiency that led to his death. Autopsy diagnosed multiple lung infarctions. What is the most probable cause of their development?
Thromboembolism of bronchial arteries
Thrombosis of pulmonary artery branches
Thrombosis of pulmonary veins
Thrombosis of bronchial arteries
Thromboembolism of pulmonary artery branches
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During influenza epidemic 40% of pupils who didn’t go in for sports were affected by the disease, and among the pupils who regularly did physical exercises this index was only 20%. What adaptati-ve mechanisms determined such a low sickness rate of pupils participating in the sports?
Genetic adaptation
Specific adaptation
Physiological adaptation
Cross adaptation
Biochemical adaptation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffers from stenocardia and takes isosorbide mononitrate. He was prescribed a complementary drug with disaggregating effect. What drug is it?
Validol
Nifedipine
Nitroglycerine
Propranolol
Acetylsalicinic acid
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient in postoperative period was prescribed an anticholinesterase drug for stimulation of intestinal peristalsis and tonus of urinary bladder. What drug is it?
Mannitol
Reserpine
Dichlothiazide
Propanolol
Proserin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has acne on his face. Mi-crospcopic examination of scrapings from the affected areas revealed living porrect vermiform arthropoda 0,2-0,5 mm large with four pairs of short extremities in the front part of their bodies. What is the laboratory diagnosis?
Demodicosis
Phthiriasis
Pediculosis
Scabies
Myiasis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Among junior children of an orphanage an outbreak of intestinal infection with signs of colienteritis was registered. In order to identify isolated causative agent it is necessary to:
Study antigenic properties of the causative agent
To study virulence of the causative agent
To study sensitivity to bacteriophages
To study biochemical properties of the causative agent
To determine sensitivity to antibiotics
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 45 year old man consulted a doctor about a plaque-like formation on his neck. Histological examination of a skin bi-optate revealed clusters of round and oval tumour cells with a narrow border of basophilic cytoplasm resembling of cells of basal epidermal layer. What tumour is it?
Hydroadenoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Epidermal cancer
Trichoepithelioma
Syringoadenoma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 45 year old patient was admitted to the cardiological department. ECG data: negative P wave overlaps QRS complex, diastolic interval is prolonged after extrasystole. What type of extrasystole is it?
Bundle-branch
Atrial
Ventricular
Sinus
Atrioventricular
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A virological laboratory obtained pathological material (mucous discharges from nasal meatuses) taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis 'influenza'. What quick test will allow to reveal specific viral antigen in the material under examination?
-
Direct and indirect fluorescence immunoassay
Radioimmunoassay
Hemagglutination inhibition assay
Direct and indirect immunofluorescence test
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A family of students who came from Africa got a child with anemia signs. The child died soon. Examination revealed that the child’s erythrocytes have abnormal semilunar shape. Specify genotypes of the child’s parents:
AA x AA
Aa x Aa
Aa x AA
Aa x aa
aa x aa
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Two hours after an exam a student had a blood count done and it was revealed that he had leukocytosis without significant leukogram modifications. What is the most probable mechanism of leukocytosis development?
Leukopoiesis intensification and deceleration of leukocyte lysis
Deceleration of leukocyte migration to the tissues
Leukopoiesis intensification
Deceleration of leukocyte lysis
Redistribution of leukocytes in the organism
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 66 year old female patient got intravenous injection of magnesium sulfate solution for the purpose of elimination of hypertensive crisis. But arterial pressure didn’t go down and after repeated introduction of the same preparation there appered sluggishness, slow response, inhibition of consciousness and respiration. What preparation is antagonist of magnesium sulfate and can eliminate symptoms of its overdose?
Activated carbon
Potassium permanganate
Sodium chloride
Calcium chloride
Potassium chloride
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Hepatitis has led to the development of hepatic failure. Mechanism of edemata formation is activated by the impairment of the following liver function:
Barrier
Antitoxic
Chologenetic
Glycogen-synthetic
Protein-synthetic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient working at a pig farm complains about paroxysmal abdominal pain, liquid feces with admixtures of mucus and blood, headache, weakness, fever. Examination of large intestine revealed ulcers from 1 mm up to several cm large, feces contained oval unicellular organisms with cilia. What disease should be suspected?
Toxoplasmosis
Lambliasis
Amebiasis
Trichomoniasis
Balantidiasis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient staggers and walks astraddle. He has hypomyotonia of arm and leg muscles, staccato speech. In what brain section is this affection localized?
Red nucleus
Caudate nucleus
Motor cortex
Putamen
Cerebellum
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During hypersensitivity test a patient got subcutaneous injection of an antigen which caused reddening of skin, edema, pain as a result of histamine action. This biogenic amine is generated as a result of transformation of the following histidine amino acid:
Phosphorylation
Isomerization
Deaminization
Methylation
Decarboxylation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Normal, actively dividing cells of human red bone marrow are analyzed. What number of cells’ chromosomes is typical for G1 period?
48
46
47
23
45
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Blood group of a 30 year old man was specified before an operation. His blood is Rh-positive. Reaction of erythrocyte agglutination was absent with standard sera of 0afi (I), Afi (II), Ba (III) groups. The blood under examination is of the following group:
Afi (II)
AB (IV)
-
Ba (III)
0afi (I)
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 64 year old woman has impairment of twilight vision (hemeralopy). What vitamin should be recommended in the first place?
Vitamin B2
Vitamin E
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Vitamin B6
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient underwent appendectomy. In the postoperative period he has been taking an antibiotic. The patient complains about hearing impairment and vestibular disorders. What group of antibiotics has such by-effects?
Penicillins
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Cephalosporins
Aminoglycosides
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient was stung by a bee. Examination revealed that his left hand was hot, pink, edematic, there was a big red blister on the site of sting. What is the leading mechanism of edema development?
Drop of oncotic pressure in tissue
Injury of vessels caused by the sting
Increased vessel permeability
Reduced vessel filling
Drop of osmotic pressure in tissue
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient complained about dizziness, memory impairment, periodical convulsions. It was revealed that these changes were caused by a product of decarboxylation of glutamic acid. Name this product:
GABA
Pyridoxal phosphate
ATP
THFA
TDP
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A sportsman needs to improve his sporting results. He was recommended to take a preparation that contains carnitine. What process is activated the most by this compound?
Vitamin K transporting
Calcium ions transporting
Amino acids transporting
Glucose transporting
Fatty acids transporting
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Laboratory examination of a child revealed increased concentration of leucine, valine, isoleucine and their ketoderi-vatives in blood and urine. Urine smelt of maple syrup. This disease is characterized by the deficit of the following enzyme:
Glucose-6-phosphatase
Aminotransferase
Dehydrogenase of branched amino acids
Phosphofructomutase
Phosphofructokinase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 7 year old child often suffers from streprococcic angina. Doctor suspected development of rheumatism and administered serological examination. The provisional diagnosis will be most probably confirmed by presence of antibodies to the following streptococcic antigen:
M-protein
C-carbohydrate
Erythrogenic toxin
Capsular polysaccharide
O-streptolysin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 46 year old patient who had been suffering from tuberculosis for 6 years died from massive pulmonary haemorrhage. Autopsy revealed different-sixed foci of sclerosis and caseous necrosis in lungs, in the upper part of the right lung there was a cavity 5 cm in diameter with dense grey walls, the cavity contained liquid blood and blood clots. What type of tuberculosis is it?
Infiltrative
Fibrocavernous
Acute focal
Acute cavernous
Fibrous focal
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffering from pheochromocyton complains of thirst, dry mouth, hunger. Blood test for sugar revealed hyperglycemia. What type of hyperglycemia is it?
Hypercorticoid
Adrenal
Alimentary
Somatotropic
Hypoinsulinemic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has been suffering from elevated temperature and attacks of typical cough for 10 days. Doctor administered inoculation of mucus from the patient’s nasopharynx on the agar. What microorganism is presumed?
Pertussis bacillus
Listeria
Klebsiella
Pfeiffer’s bacillus
Staphylococcus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffering from stenocardia was taking nitroglycerine which caused restoration of blood supply of myocardium and relieved pain in the cardiac area. What intracellular mechanism provides restoration of energy supply of insulted cells?
Reduction of ATP resynthesis
Intensification of oxygen transporting into the cell
Increased permeability of membranes
Intensification of RNA generation
Intensification of ATP resynthesis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 50 year old patient has been taking treatment thrice for the last 6 months because of fractures caused by domestic accidents. Microscopical examination of bony tissue revealed foci of lacunar resolution, giant-cell granulomas in the tumour-like formations, cysts. Bony tissue was substituted by fibrous connective tissue. Examination revealed also adenoma of parathyroid gland and hypercalcemia. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Osteopetrosis
Osteomyelitis
Parathyroid osteodystrophy
Myelomatosis
Paget’s disease
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A couple had a child with Down’s disease. Mother is 42 years old. This disease is most probably caused by the following impairment of prenatal development:
Gametopathy
Specific fetopathy
Blastopathy
Non-specific fetopathy
Embryopathy
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A man weighs 80 kg, after long physical activity his circulating blood volume is reduced down to 5,4 l, hematocrit makes up 50%, whole blood protein is 80 g/l. These blood characteristics are determined first of all by:
Water loss with sweat
Increased protein concentration in plasm
Increased diuresis
Increased number of erythrocytes
Increased circulating blood volume
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a pregnant woman revealed twice as much concentration of fibrinogen in blood plasm. What ESR can this woman have?
2-12 mm/h
0-5 mm/h
5-10 mm/h
10-15 mm/h
40-50 mm/h
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a child who frequently suffers from infectious diseases revealed that IgG concentration in blood serum was 10 times less than normal, IgA and IgM concentration was also significantly reduced. Analysis showed also lack of B-lymphocytes and plasmocytes. What disease are these symptoms typical for?
Bruton’s disease
Swiss-type agammaglobulinemia
Di George syndrome
Louis-Bar syndrome
Dysimmunoglobulinemia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Introduction of a big dose of histamine to an experimental animal caused abrupt drop of arterial pressure as a result of:
Decrease of heart rate
Dilatation of resistance vessels
Increase of heart rate
Decrease of heart rate and force
Constriction of resistance vessels
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 42 year old patient revealed a tumour of adenohypophysis. Objectively: the patient’s weight is 117 kg, he has moon-like hyperemic face, red-blue striae of skin distension on his belly. Osteoporosis and muscle dystrophy are present. AP is 210/140 mm Hg. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Essential hypertension
Conn’s disease
Diabetes mellitus
Cushing’s disease
Cushing’s syndrome
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Vagus branches that innervate heart are being stimulated during an experiment. This caused reduction of heart rate due to the intensification of the following process (through the cell membrane of cardiac pacemaker):
Calcium and potassium ion yield
Calcium ion entry
Calcium ion yield
Potassium ion yield
Potassium ion entry
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient got an injury of spinal marrow in a road accident that caused loss of tactile sensation, posture sense, vibration sense. What conduction tracts are damaged?
Anterior spinocerebellar tract
Reticulospinal tract
Rubrospinal tract
Tectospinal tract
Fascicle of Goll and cuneate fascicle
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A scheme presents an exocrinous gland that has unbranched excretory duct with a terminal part in form of a saccule openining into the duct. How is this gland called according to the morphological classification of exocrinous glands?
Compound branched alveolar
Simple branched tubular
Simple unbranched alveolar
Compound unbranched alveolar tubular
Compound unbranched alveolar
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a patient revealed hypertrophy and inflammation of lymphoid tissue, edema of mucous membrane between palatine arches (acute tonsillitis). What tonsil is normally situated in this area?
Tonsilla lingualis
Tonsilla tubaria
Tonsilla pharyngealis
-
Tonsilla palatina
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient complained about muscle rigidity, constrained motions, constant tremor of arms. On the grounds of examination his disease was diagnosed as Parkinson’s disease. What drug should be administered?
Ethosuximide
Diphenylhydantoin
Phenobarbital
Diazepam
Levodopa
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a patient with impaired blood coagulation revealed thrombosis of a branch of inferior mesenteric artery. What bowel segment is damaged?
Caecum
Ileum
Colon sigmoideum
Colon ascendens
Colon transversum
‹ Назад
Далі ›
When blood circulation in the damaged tissue is restored, then lactate accumulation comes to a stop and glucose consumption decelerates. These metabolic changes are caused by activation of the following process:
Glycogen biosynthesis
Gluconeogenesis
Aerobic glycolysis
Lipolysis
Anaerobic glycolysis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman was delivered to a hospital for trachea intubation. What of the following drugs should be applied in this case?
Atropine sulfate
Metronidazole
Dithylinum
Gentamycin sulfate
Nitroglycerine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffers from pulmonary tuberculosis. During treatment neuritis of visual nerve arose. What drug has caused this by-effect?
Isoniazid
Streptomycin
Rifampicin
Ethambutol
Kanamycin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffers from chronic left-ventricular insufficiency. What medication should be administered?
Pyracetam
Etimizole
Digoxin
Vinpocetine
Bemegride
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Roentgenological examination of skull base bones revealed enlargement of sellar cavity, thinning of anterior clinoid processes, destruction of different parts, destruction of different parts of sella turcica. Such bone destruction might be caused by a tumour of the following wndocrinous gland:
Hypophysis
Thyroid gland
Epiphysis
Thymus gland
Adrenal glands
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Patients who suffer from severe diabetes and don’t receive insulin have metabolic acidosis. This is caused by increased concentration of the following metabolites:
Triacylglycerols
Cholesterol
Fatty acids
Ketone bodies
Unsaturated fatty acids
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 4 year old child with hereditary renal lesion has signs of rickets, vitamin D concentration in blood is normal. What is the most probable cause of rickets development?
Increased excretion of calcium
Hypofunction of parathyroid glands
Hyperfunction of parathyroid glands
Impaired synthesis of calcitriol
Lack of calcium in food
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A man was intoxicated with mushrooms. They contain muscarine that stimulates muscarinic cholinoreceptors. What symptoms signalize intoxication with inedible mushrooms?
Myotic pupils
Rise of arterial pressure
Mydriatic pupils
Increased heart rate
Bronchi dilatation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 47 year old man with myocardium infarction was admitted to the cardiological department. What changes of cellular composition of peripheral blood are induced by necrotic changes in the myocardium?
Eosinophilic leukocytosis
Monocytosis
Thrombocytopenia
Lymphopenia
Neutrophilic leukocytosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with skin mycosis has disorder of cellular immunity. The most typical characteristic of it is reduction of the following index:
B-lymphocytes
Immunoglobulin E
Plasmocytes
T-lymphocytes
Immunoglobulin G
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 50 year old patient underwent resection of tumour of large intestine wall. Microscopically it presents itself as fascicles of divergent collagen fibers of different thickness and form and some monomorphous fusiform cells that are irregularly distributed among the fibers. Cellular atypia is not evident. What tumour is it?
Fibrosarcoma
Hard fibroma
Soft fibroma
Fibromyoma
Desmoma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A cell at the stage of mitosis anaphase was stimulated by colchicine that inhibits chromosome separation to the poles. What type of mutation will be caused?
Inversion
Translocation
Polyploidy
Duplication
Deletion
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Autopsy of a 5 year old child revealed in the area of vermis of cerebellum a soft greyish-pink node 2 cm in diameter with areas of haemorrhage. Histologically this tumour consisted of atypical monomorphous small roundish cells with big polymorphous nuclei. What tumour is it?
Glioblastoma
Meningioma
Astrocytoma
Medulloblastoma
Oligodendroglioma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Voluntary breath-holding caused increase of respiration depth and frequency. The main factor stimulating these changes of external respiration is:
Decreased tension of CO2 in blood
Increased tension of O2 in blood
Increased tension of CO2 in blood
Decreased concentration of H + in blood
Decreased tension of O2 in blood
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient was admitted to the surgical department with inguinal hernia. During the operation the surgeon performs plastic surgery on posterior wall of inguinal canal. What structure forms this wall?
Loose inferior edge of transverse abdominal muscle
Inguinal ligament
Aponeurosis of abdominal external oblique muscle
Peritoneum
Transverse fascia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has delayed conduction of excitement through the atrioventricular node. What changes of ECG will be observed?
Negative T wave
S — T-segment displacement
Prolongation of Q — S interval
Prolongation of Q — T interval
Prolongation of P — Q interval
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Surface with an intact toad on it was inclined to the right. Tone of extensor muscles became reflectory higher due to the activation of the following receptors:
Vestibuloreceptors of utricle and saccule
Proprioreceptors
Mechanoreceptors of foot skin
Vestibuloreceptors of semicircular ducts
Photoreceptors of retina
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A female patient underwent liver transplantation. 1,5 month after it her condition became worse because of reaction of transplant rejection. What factor of immune system plays the leading part in this reaction?
T-helpers
T-killers
Natural killers
B-lymphocytes
Interleukin-1
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Microscopical examination of a mi-crobal culture revealed fusiform sporeforming microorganisms that get violet-blue Gram’s stain. What microorganisms were revealed?
Streptococci
Actinomycete
Diplococci
Spirochaete
Clostridia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A bacteriological laboratory received sputum sample of a patient suffering from tuberculosis. Bacterioscopic examination of smears and detection of tuberculosis bacillus can be realized by one of enrichment methods that involves processing of sputum only with solution of caustic soda. What is this method called?
Homogenization
Inactivation
Filtration
Neutralization
Flotation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Electronic microphotography of pulmonary alveole’s wall presents a big cell. Its cytoplasm has a lot of mitochondria, developed Golgi apparatus, osmiophil lamellated corpuscles. What is the main function of this cell?
It absorbs microorganisms
It produces surfactant
It purifies the air
It warms the air
It is a component of blood-air barrier
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient in a transplantation centre underwent heart transplantation. The organ was taken from a donor who died in a road accident. Foreign heart can be rejected as a result of development of transplantation immunity. It is usually prevented by means of:
Ultrasound
X-ray therapy
Chemotherapy
Enzymes
Immunosuppressors
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A child is pale, pastose, muscular tissue is bad developed, lymph nodes are enlarged. He often suffers from angina and pharyngitis, blood has signs of lymphocytosis. The child is also predisposed to autoallergic diseases. What type of diathesis can be presumed in this case?
Exudative
Asthenic
Hemorrhagic
Gouty
Lymphohypoplastic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient had been suffering from profuse diarrhea and vomiting for 2 days. He died from acute dehydration. Autopsy revealed that the intestinal wall was edematic and hyperemic, with multiple haemorrhages in the mucous membrane. Intestine lumen contains whitish fluid resembling of rice water. What disease caused death?
Salmonellosis
Cholera
Dysentery
Enterocolitis
Typhoid fever
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 66 year old patient revealed a lytic tumour in the locus of pathological rib fracture. Histologically this tumour consists of atypical plasmoblasts. Further examination revealed osteoporosis in the bones of vertebral column and pelvis. These changes are typical for:
Tuberculous osteomyelitis
Neuroblastoma
Ewing’s osteosarcoma
Metastatic lung cancer
Myelomatosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient died from acute cardiac insufficiency, among clinical presentations there was gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Examination of mucous membrane of sromach revealed some defects reaching myenteron; their edges and bottom were mostly even and loose, some of them contained dark-red blood. What pathological process was revealed?
Inflammation
Acute ulcers
Chronic ulcers
Erosions
Thrombosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 33 year old man died from uraemia. Autopsy revealed enlarged kidneys weighing 500,0 each and consisting of multiple cavities 0,5-2 cm in diameter. The cavities were full of light-yellow transparent liquid. Renal pelvis and ureters had no pecularities. What renal disease caused uraemia?
Renal tuberculosis
Chronic pyelonephritis
Renal tumour
Bilateral polycystic renal disease
Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient got a trauma that caused dysfunction of motor centres regulating activity of head muscles. In what parts of cerebral cortex is the respective centre normally localized?
Inferior part of precentral gyrus
Superior parietal lobule
Superior part of precentral gyrus
Angular gyrus
Supramarginal gyrus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Material taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis 'influenza' was referred to a laboratory. For virological examination the hemadsorption reaction was applied. This reaction can be applied for detection of the following viruses:
Any viruses
All the simple viruses
All the complex viruses
DNA-genomic viruses
Viruses containing hemagglutinins
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Lungs of a preterm infant have areas of atelectasis (pulmonary collapse). The main cause is:
Diminished force of surface tension of lungs
Increased viscous resistance
Surfactant deficiency
Underdeveloped inspiration muscles
Surfactant excess
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An alcoholic woman has born a girl with mental and physical developmental lag. Doctors diagnosed the girl with fetal alcohol syndrome. What effect is the cause of the girl’s state?
Carcinogenic
Mechanic
Mutagenic
Teratogenic
Malignization
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A viral infection has damaged cells that form walls of bile capillaries. This stimulated conditions for inflow of bile into the blood of sinusoidal capillaries. What cells are damaged?
Hepatocytes
Ito cells
Pit-cells
Endotheliocytes
Kupffer’s cells
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Dietary intake of a 30 year old nursing woman contains 1000 mg of calcium, 1300 mg of phosphorus and 20 mg of iron per day. It is necessary to change content of these mineral substances in the followi- ng way:
To increase phosphorus content
To reduce iron content
To increase iron content
To reduce fluorine content
To increase calcium content
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with obliterating atherosclerosis underwent sympathectomy of femoral artery in the region of femoral trigone. What type of arterial hyperemia was induced by the operation?
Metabolic
Neurotonic
Neuroparalytic
Reactive
Functional
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A15 year old girl has pale skin, glossitis, gingivitis. Blood count: erythrocytes -3, 3 cot 1012/l, hemoglobin - 70 g/l, colour index - 0,5. Examination of blood smear revealed hypochromia, microcytosis, poi-kilocytosis. What type of anemia is it?
Iron-deficient
Sickle-cell
B12-folic acid-deficient
Thalassemia
Hemolytic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Burned skin surface was treated with a certain preparation. Its antiseptic properties are provided by atomic oxygen that is formed in presence of organic substances. What preparation was applied?
Alcoholic iodine solution
Potassium permanganate
Furacillin
Chlorhexidine bigluconate
Sodium hydrocarbonate
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cardinal symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism are osteoporosis and renal lesion along with development of urolithiasis. What substance makes up the basis of these calculi in this disease?
Cholesterol
Uric acid
Calcium phosphate
Bilirubin
Cystine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with chronic cardiac insufficiency has been taking foxglove (Digitalis) preparations for a long time. Due to the violation of intake schedule the woman got symptoms of intoxication. These symptoms result from:
Tachyphylaxis
Material cumulation
Sensibilization
Antagonism
Idiosyncrasy
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient was diagnosed with paralysis of facial and masticatory muscles. The haematoma is inside the genu of internal capsule. What conduction tract is damaged?
Tr. cortico-fronto-pontinus
Tr. cortico-nuclearis
Tr. cortico-thalamicus
Tr. cortico-spinalis
Tr. cortico-temporo-parieto-occipito-pontinus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 5 year old child is ill with measles. Blood analysis revealed increase of total number of leukocytes up to 13 • 109/l. Leukogram: basophils - 0, eosinophils - 1, myelocytes - 0, juvenile neutrophils - 0, band neutrophils - 2, segmented neutrophils - 41, lymphocytes - 28, monocytes - 28. Name this phenomenon :
Agranulocytosis
Eosinopenia
Monocytosis
Neutropenia
Lymphocytosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient was admitted to the infectious department. His symptoms: dry skin, decreased skin turgor, rice-water stool. The patient was diagnosed with cholera. What disorder of waterelectrolytic balance is most often observed in this disease?
Hypoosmotic hyperhydration
Hyperosmotic hypohydration
Isoosmotic hypohydration
Hyperosmotic hyperhydration
Hypoosmotic hypohydration
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A foreign body (a button) closed space of the right superior lobar bronchus. What segments of the right lung won’t be supplied with air?
Apical, posterior, anterior
Superior and inferior lingular
Apical and median basal
Apical and posterior basal
Medial and lateral
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient was diagnosed with bartholinitis (inflammation of greater vulvovaginal glands). In which organ of urogenital system are these glands localized?
Small lips of pudendum
Vagina
Large lips of pudendum
Clitoris
Uterus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A histological specimen presents an artery. One of the membranes of its wall has flat cells lying on the basal membrane. What type of cells is it?
Macrophages
Smooth myocytes
Fibroblasts
Endothelium
Mesothelium
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Study of conversion of a food colouring agent revealed that neutralization of this xenobiotic takes place only in one phase - microsomal oxydation. Name a component of this phase:
Cytochrome B
Cytochrome A
Cytochrome C
Cytochrome oxidase
Cytochrome P-450
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Ultrasonic examination of a patient revealed aneurism in the area of aortic arch that caused alteration of vocal function of larynx. What nerve was constricted?
Mandibular
Diaphragmatic
Recurrent laryngeal
Superior laryngeal
Sublingual
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 25 year old man has spent a long time in the sun under high air humidity. As a result of it his body temperature rose up to 39oC. What pathological process is it?
Hyperthermia
Noninfectious fever
Infectious fever
Hypothermia
Burn disease
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 23 year old man has perforation of hard palate. In the area of this perforation there was a compact well-defined formation. Microscopic examination of the resected formation revealed a large focus of caseous necrosis surrounded by granulation tissue with endovasculi- tis, cellular infiltration composed of lymphocytes, epithelioid cells (mainly plasmocytes). What is the most probable diagnosis?
Syphilis
Scleroma
Sarcoma
Leprosy
Tuberculosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A young woman who entered a production department where it strongly smelt of paints and varnishes had a bronchospasm. This reflex was caused by irritation of the following receptors:
Central chemoreceptors
Juxtaglomerular
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Pleura receptors
Irritant
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 50 year old man who was referred to the hospital for treatment of cervical lymphadenitis underwent test for induvi-dual sensitivity to penicillin. 30 seconds after he went hot all over, AP dropped down to 0 mm Hg that led to cardiac arrest. Resuscitation was unsuccessful. Autopsy results: acute venous plethora of internal organs; histological examination of skin ( from the site of injection) revealed degranulation of mast cells (tissue basophils ). Degranulation was also revealed in myocardium and lungs. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is it?
Complement-mediated cytotoxic
-
Anaphylactic
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Immunocomplex-mediated
‹ Назад
Далі ›
One of sections of central nervous system has layerwise arrangement of neurocytes. Among them there are cells of the following forms: stellate, fusiform, horizontal, pyramidal. What section of central nervous system is this structure typical for?
Spinal cord
Hypothalamus
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
Cortex of cerebrum
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Study of fingerprints (dactylography) is used by criminalists for personal identification as well as for diagnostics of genetic abnormalities, particularly Dawn’s disease. What layer of skin determines individuality of fingerprints?
Dermopapillary
Clear (stratum lucidum epidermidis)
Reticular
Basal
Horny
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has herpetic rash. What medication should be administered?
Biseptol
Acyclovir
Clotrimazole
Benzylpenicillin sodium salt
Gentamycin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cytogenetic examination of a patient with reproductive dysfunction revealed normal karyotype 46 XY in some cells, but most cells have karyotype of Klinefelter’s syndrome - 47 XXY. Such cell heterogeni-ty is called:
Transposition
Monomorphism
Inversion
Duplication
Mosaicism
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An isolated muscle fiber is under examination. It was established that the threshold of stimulation force became significantly lower. What is the cause of this phenomenon?
Block of energy production in the cell
Activation of potassium channels of membrane
Inactivation of potassium channels of membrane
Activation of sodium channels of membrane
Inactivation of sodium channels of membrane
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During examination of a patient a dentist revealed a lot of 'white spots' zones of enamel demineralization. What microorganisms take part in the development of this process?
Streptococcus salivarius
Veilonella parvula
Streptococcus mutans
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus pyogenes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Surgical approach to the thyroid gland from the transverse (collar) approach involves opening of interaponeurot suprasternal space. What anatomic structure localized in this space is dangerous to be damaged?
External jugular vein
Subclavicular vein
Superior thyroid arthery
Jugular venous arch
Inferior thyroid arthery
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A doctor revealed tissues injury on patient’s scalp with localized suppurations and diagnosed his disease as myiasis. This infestation is caused by larvae of the following insect:
Kissing bug
Mosquito
Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans)
Malarial mosquito
Wohlfahrt fly
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with hip fracture was prescribed a narcotic analgetic. Its anesthetic action is determined by interaction with the following receptors:
Adrenoreceptors
GABA-ergic receptors
Cholinoreceptors
Opiate receptors
Benzodiazepine receptors
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient consumed a lot of reach in proteins food that caused increase of rate of proteolytic enzymes of pancreatic juice. It is also accompanied by increase of rate of the following enzyme:
Tripsin
Gastricsin
Pepsin
Enterokinase
Renin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In course of an experiment thalamocortical tracts of an animal were cut. What type of sensory perception remained intact?
Olfactory
Visual
Nociceptive
Auditory
Exteroreceptive
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 2 year old child had acute respiratory viral infection and died from cardiopulmonary decompensation. Autopsy revealed that his right lung was hyperemic; in the 2nd, 6th and 10th segments and on the incision there were airless yellowish foci of irregular form, from several mm up to 1 cm large. Mi- croscopical examination revealed exudate consisting mainly of neutrophils in the given areas of pulmonary tissue in the alveoles, bronchioles and bronchial tubes. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Focal pneumonia
Croupous pneumonia
Pulmonary abscess
Acute bronchitis
Interstitial pneumonia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 25 year old patient was examined by a medical board. Examination revealed pathology of chest. Transverse dimensions were to small and the sternum was strongly protruding. What chest type is it?
Cylindrical chest
Flat chest
Keeled chest
Barrel chest
Funnel chest
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An infectious disease caused contractive activity of muscles that contract and dilate eye pupil ( paralytic state). What functional eye system was damaged?
Lacrimal apparatus
Photosensory
Ancillary
Dioptric
Accomodative
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Brain tomography revealed a tumour in the region of red nucleus. What part of brain isdamaged?
Pons cerebelli
Midbrain
Interbrain
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
‹ Назад
Далі ›
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200