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An unconscious patient was delivered to the admission ward. Objectively: the patient’s skin is cold, pupils are myotic, he has laboured Cheyne-Stokes respiration, arterial pressure is low, urinary bladder is full. What substance has caused intoxication?
Muscarinic receptor blockers
Tranquilizers
-
Narcotic analgetics
Non-narcotic analgetics
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Characteristic sign of glycogenosis is muscle pain during physical work. Blood examination reveals usually hypoglycemia. This pathology is caused by congenital deficiency of the following enzyme:
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Glycogen phosphorylase
Alpha amylase
Gamma amylase
Lysosomal glycosidase
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A woman works as railway traffic controller. She suffers from seasonal vasomotor rhinitis and gets treatment in the outpatient setting. She was prescribed an antihistamine that has no effect upon central nervous system. What drug is it?
Suprastin
Dimedrol
Tavegil
Loratadine
Promethazine
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During an operation a patient got injection of muscle relaxant dithylinum. Relaxation of skeletal muscles and inhibition of respiration lasted two hours. This condition was caused by absence of the following enzyme in blood serum:
Glucose 6-phosphatase
Butyrylcholin esterase
Catalase
Acetylcholinesterase
Glutathione peroxidase
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Examination of a patient suffering from cancer of urinary bladder revealed high rate of serotonin and hydroxyanthranilic acid. It is caused by excess of the following amino acid in the organism:
Tyrosine
Tryptophan
Methionine
Alanine
Histidine
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Blood of a 12 year old boy presents low concentration of uric acid and accumulation of xanthine and hypoxanthine. This child has genetic defect of the following enzyme:
Glycerylkinase
Urease
Arginase
Ornithine carbamoyltransferase
Xanthine oxidase
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A patient who suffers from insomnia caused by emotional disorder was prescribed a hypnotic drug with tranquillizing effect. What hypnotic was prescribed?
Chloral hydrate
Nitrazepam
Phenobarbital
Bromisoval
Sodium ethaminal
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A patient is ill with diabetes melli-tus accompanied by hyperglycemia on an empty stomach (7,2 millimole/l). The hyperglycemia rate can be retrospectively estimated (over the last 4-8 weeks before the examination) on the ground of the rate of the following blood plasma protein:
Fibrinogen
Glycated hemoglobin
Ceruloplasmin
Albumin
C -reactive protein
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In course of laparotomy a surgeon revealed gangrenous lesion of descending colon. It was caused by thrombosis of the following artery:
Dexter colic
Sinister colic
Median colic
Superior mesenteric artery
Ileocolic
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A 60 year old patient has impaired perception of high-frequency sounds. These changes were caused by damage of the following auditory analyzer structures:
Eustachian tube
Tympanic membrane
Middle ear muscles
Main cochlea membrane near the helicotrema
Main cochlea membrane near the oval window
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A patient has low rate of magnesium ions that are necessary for affixion of ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum. It is known that it causes disturbance of protein biosynthesis. At what stage is protein biosynthesis impaired?
Translation
Replication
Amino acid activation
Termination
Transcription
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A healthy man is in a region with high risk of catching malaria. What drug should be administered for individual chemoprophylaxis of malaria?
Metronidazole
Sulfalen
Biseptol
Chingamin
Tetracycline
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A full-term newborn child has yellowish skin and mucous membranes. This might be probably caused by temporary deficiency of the following enzyme:
Uridine transferase
Heme oxygenase
Heme synthetase
Biliverdin reductase
UDPglucoronyltransferase
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A patient ill with neurodermatitis has been taking prednisolone for a long time. Examination revealed high rate of sugar in his blood. This complication is caused by the drug influence upon the following link of carbohydrate metabolism:
Gluconeogenesis activation
Activation of insulin decomposition
Intensification of glucose absorption in the bowels
Glycogenogenesis activation
Inhibition of glycogen synthesis
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Labelled amino acids alanine and tryptophane were injected to a mouse in order to study localization of protein synthesis in its cells. The labelled amino acids will be accumulated near the following organellas:
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Cell centre
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
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Students who are taking examinations often have dry mouth. The mechanism that causes this state is the realization of the following reflexes:
Conditioned sympathetic
Conditioned parasympathetic
Unconditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned peripheral
Unconditioned parasympathetic
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Inflammation of the tympanic cavity (purulent otitis media) was complicated by inflammation of mammillary process sockets. What wall of tympanic cavity did the pus penetrate into the sockets through?
Anterior
Posterior
Superior
Lateral
Medial
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Examination of a patient revealed typical presentations of collagenosis. This pathology is characterized by increase of the following urine index:
Ammonium salts
Glucose
Hydroxyproline
Arginine
Mineral salts
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Untrained people often have muscle pain after sprints as a result of lactate accumulation. This might be caused by intensification of the following biochemical process:
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenesis
Lipogenesis
Glycolysis
Pentose phosphate pathway
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Examination of a patient suffering from frequent haemorrhages in the inner organs and mucous membranes revealed proline and lysine being included in collagen fibers. Impairment of their hydroxylation is caused by lack of the following vitamin:
A
E
K
D
C
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During an experiment a skeletal muscle is stimulated by a series of electric impulses. What type of muscle contraction will be observed provided that each subsequent impulse comes in the period of shortening of the previous single muscle contraction?
Muscle contracture
Asynchronous tetanus
Holotetanus
Partial tetanus
A series of single contractures
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A 48 year old patient complained about intense pain, slight swelling and reddening of skin over the joints, temperature rise up to 38oC. Blood analysis revealed high concentration of urates. This condition might be caused by disturbed metabolism of:
Purines
Cholesterol
Collagen
Pyrimidines
Carbohydrates
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An experimantal animal that was kept on protein-free diet developed fatty liver infiltration, in particular as a result of deficiency of methylating agents. This is caused by disturbed generation of the following metabolite:
Choline
Linoleic acid
DOPA
Cholesterol
Acetoacetate
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A 46 year old woman suffering from chololithiasis developed jaundice. Her urine became darkyellow and feces became colourless. Blood serum will have the highest concentration of the following substance:
Conjugated bilirubin
Urobilinogen
Mesobilirubin
Unconjugated bilirubin
Biliverdin
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A patient suffering from infectious mononucleosis has been taking glucocorticosteroids for two weeks. This resulted in remission but the patient got exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis. This complication is induced by the following effect of glucocorticosteroids:
Anti-shock
Antitoxic
Immunosuppressive
Antiallergenic
Anti-inflammatory
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A 62 year woman complains of frequent pain attacks in the area of her chest and backbone, rib fractures. Her doctor suspected myeloma (plasmocytoma). What of the following laboratory characteristics will be of the greatest diagnostic importance?
Hypoglobulinemia
Paraproteinemia
Hypoproteinemia
Proteinuria
Hyperalbuminemia
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A newborn child has convulsions that have been observed after prescription of vitamin B6. This most probable cause of this effect is that vitamin B6 is a componet of the following enzyme:
Glycogen phosphorylase
Pyruvate dehydrostase
Aminolevulinate synthase
Glutamate decarboxylase
Netoglubarate dehydromine
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A patient who has been abusing tobacco smoking for a long time has got cough accompanied by excretion of viscous mucus; weakness after minor physical stress, pale skin. The patient has also lost 12,0 kg of body weight. Endoscopic examination of biosy material his illness was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Name a pathological process that preceded formation of the tumour:
Sclerosis
Hypoplasia
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Necrosis
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Bacterioscopic examination of a smear from the pharynx of a diphtheria suspect revealed bacilli with volutine granules. What etiotropic drug should be chosen in this case?
Eubiotic
Antidiphtheritic antitoxic serum
Interferon
Diphtheritic anatoxin
Bacteriophage
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A patient caught a cold after which there appeared facial expression disorder. He cannot close his eyes, raise his eyebrows, bare his teeth. What nerve is damaged?
Facial
Vagus
Trigeminus
Glossopharyngeal
Infraorbital
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A patient underwent an operation on account of gall bladder excision that resulted in obstruction of Ca absorption through the bowels wall. What vitamin wil stimulate this process?
PP
K
B12
D3
C
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A 70 year old female patient was diagnosed with fracture of left femoral neck accompanied by disruption of ligament of head of femur. The branch of the following artery is damaged:
Obturator
Femoral
Inferior gluteal
External iliac
Internal pudendal
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ECG of a patient shows prolongation of T-wave. This is caused by deceleration in ventricles of:
Depolarization
Depolarization and repolarization
Contraction
Repolarization
Relaxation
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A patient complains of frequent diarrheas, especially after consumption of rich food, weight loss. Laboratory examination revealed steatorrhea; his feces were hypocholic. What might have caused such condition?
Lack of pancreatic lipase
Lack of pancreatic phospholipase
Unbalanced diet
Obturation of biliary tracts
Inflammation of mucous membrane of small intestine
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Examination of a patient with pustular skin lesions allowed to isolate a causative agent that forms in the blood agar roundish yellow middle-sized colonies surrounded by haemolysis zone. Smears from the colonies contain irregularshaped clusters of gram-positive cocci. The culture is oxidase- and catalasepositive, ferments mannitol and synthesizes plasmocoagulase. What causative agent was isolated?
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus epidermidis
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A patient complained about being unable to adduct and abduct fingers in the metacarpophalangeal articulations towards and away from the 3rd finger. Which muscles’ function is impaired?
Extensors
Breviflexors of fingers
Lumbrical muscles
Interosseous muscles
Long flexors of fingers
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A 44 year old woman complains of general weakness, heart pain, significant increase of body weight. Objectively: moon face, hirsutism, AP is 165/100 mm Hg, height - 164 cm, weight - 103 kg; the fat is mostly accumulated on her neck, thoracic girdle, belly. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of obesity?
Increased insulin production
Reduced production of thyroid hormones
Increased production of glucocorticoids
Reduced glucagon production
Increased mineralocorticoid production
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A 34 year old woman was diagnosed with hereditary microspherocytic hemolytic anemia ( Minkowsky-Shauffard disease). What mechanism caused haemolysis of erythrocytes?
Membranopathy
Hemoglobinopathy
Autoimmune disorder
Bone marrow hypoploasia
Enzymopathy
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According to the model of double DNA helix that was suggested by Watson and Creek, it was established that one of chains would not be lost during replication and the second chain would be synthesized complementary to the first one. What way of replication is it?
Semiconservative
Identical
Dispersed
Analogous
Conservative
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A 4 year old child was admitted to the orthopaedic department with shin fracture together with displacement. Bone fragments reposition requires preliminary analgesia. What preparation should be chosen?
Analgin
Morphine hydrochloride
Panadol
-
Promedol
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A patient suffers from hepatoci-rrhosis. State of antitoxic liver function can be characterized by examination of the following substance exreted by urine:
Creatinine
Uric acid
Hippuric acid
Amino acids
Ammonium salts
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A 22 year old patient from the West Ukraine complains of laboured nasal breathing. Morphological examination of biopsy material of nasal mucous membrane revealed lymphoid, epithelioid, plasma cells as well as Mikulicz’s cells. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Syphilis
Leprosy
Glanders
Rhinoscleroma
Tuberculosis
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Vitamin A together with specific cytoreceptors penetrates through the nuclear membranes, induces transcription processes that stimulate growth and differentiation of cells. This biological function is realized by the following form of vitamin A:
Carotin
Trans-retinal
Cis-retinal
Retinol
Trans-retinoic acid
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During preparation of a patient to a heart surgery it was necessary to measure pressure in heart chambers. In one of them pressure varied from 0 mm Hg up to 120 mm Hg within one cardiac cycle. What heart chamber is it?
-
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Right atrium
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Examination of coronary arteries revealed atherosclerotic calcified plaques closing vessel lumen by 1/3. The muscle has multiple whitish layers of connective tissue. What process was revealed in the myocardium?
Postinfarction cardiosclerosis
Tiger heart
Myocarditis
Myocardium infarction
Diffusive cardiosclerosis
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In order to determine toxigenicity of diphtheria bacilli a strip of filter paper impregnated with antitoxic diphtherial serum was put on the dense nutrient medium. There were also inoculated a mi-crobal culture under examination and a strain that is known to be toxigenic. If the microbal culture under examination produces exotoxin, this wil result in formation of:
Precipitin lines
Haemolysis zones
Zones of diffuse opacification
Precipitin ring
Zones of lecithovitellinous activity
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A 63 year old male patient who had been suffering from chronic diffuse obstructive disease, pulmonary emphysema, for 15 years died from cardiac insufficiency. Autopsy revealed nutmeg liver cirrhosis, cyanotic induration of kidneys and spleen, ascites, edemata of lower limbs. These changes of internal organs are typical for the following disease:
Acute right-ventricular insufficiency
Chronic right-ventricular insufficiency
Chronic left-ventricular insufficiency
Acute left-ventricular insufficiency
General cardiac insufficiency
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Examination of an ovary specimen stained by hematoxylin-eosine revealed a follicle in which follicular epithelium consisted of 1-2 layers of cubic cells. There was also a bright red membrane around the ovocyte. What follicle is it?
Primordial
Atretic
Mature
Primary
Secondary
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A newborn child suffers from milk curdling in stomach, this means that soluble milk proteins ( caseins) transform to insoluble proteins (paracaseins) by means of calcium ions and a certain enzyme. What enzyme takes part in this process?
Lipase
Pepsin
Secretin
Renin
Gastrin
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A patient suffers from diabetes meli-tus. After the regular insulin injection his condition grew worse: there appeared anxiety, cold sweat, tremor of limbs, general weakness, dizziness. What preparation can eliminate these symptoms?
Butamide
Caffeine
Adrenaline hydrochloride
Noradrenaline
Glibutide
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A patient has difficulties with hand movement. Examination revealed inflammation of common synovial sheath of flexor muscles. It is known from the patient’s anamnesis that he got a stab wound of finger a week ago. Which finger was most probably damaged?
Index
Digitus medius
Pollex
Digitus anularis
Digitus minimus
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Clinical diagnosis of a female patient was gonorrhoea. What examination method can be applied for confirmation of this diagnosis?
Microscopy of pathological material
Infection of laboratory animals
Test with bacteriophage
Immobilization reaction
Hemagglutination reaction
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Autopsy of a man who died from burn disease revealed brain edema, liver enlargement as well as enlargement of kidneys with wide light-grey cortical layer and plethoric medullary area. Microscopic examination revealed necrosis of tubules of main segments along with destruction of basal membranes, intersti-cium edema with leukocytic infiltration and haemorrhages. What is the most probable postmortem diagnosis?
Pyelonephritis
Tubulointerstitial nephritis
Myeloma kidney
Necrotic nephrosis
Gouty kidney
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A 30 year old man had been suffering from acute respiratory disease and died from cardiopulmonary decompensation. Autopsy revealed fibrinous-haemorrhagic inflammation in the mucous membrane of larynx and trachea, destructive panbronchitis, enlarged lungs that look black due to the multiple abcesses, haemorrhages, necrosis. What is the most probable postmortem diagnosis?
Respiratory syncytial infection
Parainfluenza
Measles
Influenza
Adenoviral infection
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A 19 year old woman suffers from primary syphilis. Doctor administered her complex therapy that includes benzylpenicillin sodium salt. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?
It blocks synthesis of cytoplasm proteins
It blocks RNA synthesis
It blocks synthesis of peptidoglycan of microbal membrane
It blocks thiol enzymes
It blocks DNA synthesis
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A 65 year old female patient suffers from chronic renal insufficiency accompanied by evident edemata caused by chronic glomerulonephritis. What diuretic should be administered for forced diuresis?
Acetazolamide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Cyclometazide
Chlorthalidone
Furosemide
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6 months after labour a woman had uterine hemorrhage. Gynaecological examination of uterine cavity revealed a dark-red tissue with multiple cavities resembling of a 'sponge'. Microscopic examination of a tumour revealed in blood lacunas atypic light epithelial Langhans cells and giant cells of syncyti-otrophoblast. What tumour is it?
Adenocarcinoma
Chorioepithelioma
Cystic mole
Squamous cell nonkeratinous carcinoma
Fibromyoma
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Atria of an experimental animal were superdistended by blood that resulted in decreased reabsorption of Na+ and water in renal tubules. This can be explained by the influence of the following factor upon kidneys:
Vasopressin
Natriuretic hormone
Angiotensin
Aldosterone
Renin
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Далі ›
A patient suffering from periodical attacks caused by inhalation of different flavoring substances was diagnosed with atopic bronchial asthma. IgE level was increased. This is typical for the following type of reactions:
delayed-type hypersensitivity
Anaphylactic reactions
Cytotoxic reactions
Autoimmune reactions
Immunocomplex reactions
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During regular examination of schoolchildren it was revealed that a 10 year old girl had asymmetric oval eggs with a larva in the scrape from her perianal folds. What diagnosis should be made?
Enterobiasis
Ascariasis
Trichocephalosis
Amebiasis
Ankylostomiasis
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Histological examination of a 40 year old man’s thymus revealed reduced share of parenchymatous elements, increased share of adipose and loose connective tissue, its enrichment with thymus bodies. The organ’s mass was unchanged. What is this phenomenon called?
Hypotrophy
Accidental involution
Atrophy
Age involution
Dystrophy
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A 56 year old patient suffering from cardiac insufficiency has edema of feet and shins, edematous skin is pale and cold. What is the leding mechanism of edema pathogenesis?
Disorder of lymph outflow
Increase of capillary permeability
Drop of oncotic pessure in capillaries
Rise of hydrostatic pressure in venules
Positive water balance
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Researchers of a bacteriological laboratory examine tinned meat for botulinic toxin. For this purpose a group of mice was injected with an extract of the material under examination and antitoxic antibotulinic serum of A, B, E types. A control group of mice was injected with the same extract but without antibotuli-nic serum. What serological reaction was applied?
Complement binding
Neutralization
Precipitation
Double immune diffusion
Opsonocytophagic
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A clinic observes a 49 year old patient with significant prolongation of coagulation time, gastrointestinal haemorrhages, subcutaneous hematomas. These symptoms might be explained by the deficiency of the following vitamin:
B6
Bi
K
H
E
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Далі ›
A patient suffering from chronic cardiac insufficiency was recommended to undergo a prophylactic course of treatment with a cardiological drug from the group of cardiac glycosides that is to be taken enterally. What drug was recommended?
Corglycon
Cordiamin
Cordarone
Digoxin
Strophanthine
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A cerebral trauma caused increased ammonia generation. What amino acid participates in the excretion of ammonia from the cerebral tissue?
Valine
Tryptophan
Glutamic
Tyrosine
Lysine
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During the repeated Widal’s agglutination test it was noticed that the ratio of antibody titers and O-antigens S.typhi in the patient’s serum had increased from 1:100 to 1:400. How would you interpret these results?
The patient has typhoid fever
The patient was previously vaccinated against typhoid fever
The patient is an acute carrier of typhoid microbes
The patient is a chronic carrier of typhoid microbs
The patient previously had typhoid fever
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It is known that the gene responsible for development of blood groups according to AB0 system has three allele variants. If a man has IV blood group, it can be explained by the following variability form:
Phenotypic
Mutational
Combinative
Phenocopy
Genocopy
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48 hours after tuberculine test (Mantoux test) a child had a papule 10 mm in diameter on the spot of tuberculine injection. What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies these changes?
Anaphylaxy
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
Immunocomplex cytotoxicity
Granulomatosis
Cellular cytotoxicity
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Examination of a newborn boy’s genitalia revealed an urethral hiatus that opens on the undersite of his penis. What malformation is it?
Epispadia
Cryptorhidism
Hypospadias
Hermaphroditism
Monorchism
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A patient complains about impaired evacuatory function of stomach (longterm retention of food in stomach). Examination revealed a tumour of initial part of duodenum. Specify localization of the tumour:
Pars inferior
Pars ascendens
Pars superior
Flexura duodeni inferior
Pars descendens
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A concentrated solution of sodium chloride was intravenously injected to an animal. This caused decreased reabsorption of sodium ions in the renal tubules. It is the result of the following changes of hormonal secretion:
Vasopressin increase
Vasopressin reduction
Aldosterone increase
Aldosterone reduction
Reduction of atrial natriuretic factor
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Далі ›
People adapted to high external temperatures have such pecularity: profuse sweating isn’t accompanied by loss of large volumes of sodium chloride. This is caused by the effect of the following hormone upon the perspiratory glands:
Aldosterone
Tgyroxin
Natriuretic
Vasopressin
Cortisol
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Emotional stress causes activation of hormon-sensitive triglyceride lipase in the adipocytes. What secondary mediator takes part in this process?
Diacylglycerol
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine monophosphate
Ions of Ca2+
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Далі ›
A patient has been syffering from diarrhea for 5 day. On the fith day colonoscopy revealed that membrane of rectum was inflamed, there were greyish-green films closely adhering to the subjacent tissue. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Crohn’s disease
Salmonellosis
Nonspecific ulcerous colitis
Dysentery
Typhoid fever
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A 17 year old boy fell seriously ill, the body temperature rose up to 38,5oC, there appeared cough, rhinitis, lacrimati-on, nasal discharges. What inflammation is it?
Hemorrhagic
Purulent
Fibrinous
Catarrhal
Serous
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A 25 year old Palestinian woman complains of weakness, dizziness, dyspnea. In anamnesis: periodically exacerbating anemia. In blood: Hb - 60 g/l, erythrocytes - 2,5 • 1012/l, reticulocytes - 35o/oo, anisocytosis and poikilocytosis of erythrocytes, a lot of target cells and polychromatophils. What type of anemia is it?
Minkowsky-Shauffard disease
Sickle-cell anemia
Addison-Biermer disease
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient anemia
Thalassemia
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A patient suffering from initial hypertension has been taking an antihypertensive preparation for a long time. Suddenly he stopped taking this preparation. After this his condition grew worse, this led to development of hypertensive crisis. This by-effect can be classified as:
Tolerance
Abstinence syndrome
Cumulation
Dependence
Sensibilization
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Inflammatory processes cause synthesis of protein of acute phase in an organism. What substances stumulate their synthesis?
Immunoglobulins
Interleukin-1
Interferons
Biogenic amins
Angiotensin
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A 42 year old woman with neuralgia of trifacial nerve complains about periodical reddening of the right part of her face and neck, sense of warmth gush, increased skin sensitivity. These effects can be explained by the following type of arterial hyperemia:
Neurotonic
Metabolic
Reactive
Functional
Neuroparalytic
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A 30 year old woman has face edemata. Examination revealed proteinuria (5,87 g/l), hypoproteinemia, dysproteinemia, hyperlipidemia. What condition is the set of these symptoms typical for?
Chronic pyelonephritis
Acute renal failure
Nephritic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome
Chronic renal failure
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Autopsy of a 17 year old girl who died from pulmonary failure revealed a small area of caseous necrosis in the inferior lobe of the right lung, and occurences of caseous necrosis in the bronchopulmonary, bronchial and bi-furcational lymph nodes. What is the most probable postmortem diagnosis?
Caseous pneumonia under secondary tuberculosis
Hematogenous tuberculosis with predominant lung affection
Tuberculoma
Primary tuberculosis
Hematogenous progression of primary tuberculosis
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A patient has a decreased vasopressin synthesis that causes polyuria and as a result of it evident organism dehydratati-on. What is the mechanism of polyuria development?
Acceleration of glomerular filtration
Reduced glucose reabsorption
Reduced tubular reabsorption of protein
Reduced tubular reabsorption of Na ions
Reduced tubular reabsorption of water
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A 35 year old man consulted a dentist about reduced density of dental tissue, high fragility of teeth during eating solid food. This patient suffers the most probably from the deficiency of the following mineral element:
Sodium
Iron
Potassium
Magnesium
Calcium
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A patient staying in the pulmonologi-cal department was diagnosed with pulmonary emphysema accompanied by reduced elasticity of pulmonary tissue. What type of respiration is observed?
Expiratory dyspnea
Inspiratory dyspnea
Infrequent respiration
Periodic respiration
Superficial respiration
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A 4 year old child complained of pain during deglutition, indisposition. Objectively: palatine arches and tonsils are moderately edematic and hyperemic, there are greyish-white films up to 1 mm thick closely adhering to the subjacent tissues. What pathological process are these changes typical for?
Necrosis
Dystrophy
Organization
Metaplasia
Inflammation
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An unconscious young man with signs of morphine poisoning entered admission office. His respiration is shallow and infrequent which is caused by inhibition of respiratory centre. What type of respiratory failure is it?
Ventilative dysregulatory
Ventilative obstructive
Perfusive
Ventilative restrictive
Diffusive
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A patient with cholelithiasis fell ill with mechanic jaundice. Examination revealed that the stone was in the common bile duct. What bile-excreting ducts make up the obturated duct?
Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus cysticus
Ductus hepaticus dexter et ductus cysticus
Ductus hepaticus dexter et sinister
Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus choledochus
Ductus hepaticus sinister et ductus cysticus
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A patient is 44 years old. Laboratory examination of his blood revealed that content of proteins in plasma was 40 g/l. What influence will be exerted on the transcapillary water exchange?
Filtration will be decreased, reabsorption - increased
Both filtration and reabsorption will be decreased
Both filtration and reabsorption will be increased
Exchange will stay unchanged
Filtration will be increased, reabsorption - decreased
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Далі ›
After destruction of CNS structures an animal lost orientative reflexes. What structure was destroyed?
Black substance
Lateral vestibular nuclei
Red nucleus
Medial reticular nuclei
Quadrigeminal plate
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An isolated cell of human heart automatically generates excitement impulses with frequency of 60 times per minute. This cell was taken from the following heart structure :
Ventricle
Sinoatrial node
His’ bundle
Atrium
Atrioventricular node
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 62 year old patient who previously worked as stoker was admitted to a hospital with complaints about general weakness, abrupt weight loss, hoarse voice, dyspnea, dry cough. Laryngoscopy revealed a tumour in the pharynx that invaded vocal cords and epiglottis. What is the most probable cause of tumour development?
Ionizing radiation
Retroviruses
Aromatic amines and amides
Nitrosamines
Polycyclic aromatic carbohydrates
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a man who had been working hard under higher temperature of the environment revealed abnormal quantity of blood plasma proteins. What phenomenon is the case?
Dysproteinemia
Relative hyperproteinemia
Absolute hyperproteinemia
Paraproteinemia
Absolute hypoproteinemia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with thrombophlebitis of his lower limbs had chest pain, blood spitting, progressing respiratory insufficiency that led to his death. Autopsy diagnosed multiple lung infarctions. What is the most probable cause of their development?
Thrombosis of pulmonary artery branches
Thrombosis of bronchial arteries
Thromboembolism of bronchial arteries
Thromboembolism of pulmonary artery branches
Thrombosis of pulmonary veins
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During influenza epidemic 40% of pupils who didn’t go in for sports were affected by the disease, and among the pupils who regularly did physical exercises this index was only 20%. What adaptati-ve mechanisms determined such a low sickness rate of pupils participating in the sports?
Genetic adaptation
Specific adaptation
Cross adaptation
Physiological adaptation
Biochemical adaptation
‹ Назад
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A patient suffers from stenocardia and takes isosorbide mononitrate. He was prescribed a complementary drug with disaggregating effect. What drug is it?
Propranolol
Nitroglycerine
Acetylsalicinic acid
Nifedipine
Validol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient in postoperative period was prescribed an anticholinesterase drug for stimulation of intestinal peristalsis and tonus of urinary bladder. What drug is it?
Propanolol
Proserin
Mannitol
Reserpine
Dichlothiazide
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has acne on his face. Mi-crospcopic examination of scrapings from the affected areas revealed living porrect vermiform arthropoda 0,2-0,5 mm large with four pairs of short extremities in the front part of their bodies. What is the laboratory diagnosis?
Phthiriasis
Scabies
Pediculosis
Myiasis
Demodicosis
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Among junior children of an orphanage an outbreak of intestinal infection with signs of colienteritis was registered. In order to identify isolated causative agent it is necessary to:
Study antigenic properties of the causative agent
To study sensitivity to bacteriophages
To determine sensitivity to antibiotics
To study virulence of the causative agent
To study biochemical properties of the causative agent
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Далі ›
A 45 year old man consulted a doctor about a plaque-like formation on his neck. Histological examination of a skin bi-optate revealed clusters of round and oval tumour cells with a narrow border of basophilic cytoplasm resembling of cells of basal epidermal layer. What tumour is it?
Hydroadenoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Syringoadenoma
Trichoepithelioma
Epidermal cancer
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Далі ›
A 45 year old patient was admitted to the cardiological department. ECG data: negative P wave overlaps QRS complex, diastolic interval is prolonged after extrasystole. What type of extrasystole is it?
Atrial
Bundle-branch
Sinus
Ventricular
Atrioventricular
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A virological laboratory obtained pathological material (mucous discharges from nasal meatuses) taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis 'influenza'. What quick test will allow to reveal specific viral antigen in the material under examination?
-
Direct and indirect fluorescence immunoassay
Radioimmunoassay
Hemagglutination inhibition assay
Direct and indirect immunofluorescence test
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A family of students who came from Africa got a child with anemia signs. The child died soon. Examination revealed that the child’s erythrocytes have abnormal semilunar shape. Specify genotypes of the child’s parents:
Aa x AA
AA x AA
aa x aa
Aa x Aa
Aa x aa
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Two hours after an exam a student had a blood count done and it was revealed that he had leukocytosis without significant leukogram modifications. What is the most probable mechanism of leukocytosis development?
Deceleration of leukocyte lysis
Leukopoiesis intensification
Deceleration of leukocyte migration to the tissues
Redistribution of leukocytes in the organism
Leukopoiesis intensification and deceleration of leukocyte lysis
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A 66 year old female patient got intravenous injection of magnesium sulfate solution for the purpose of elimination of hypertensive crisis. But arterial pressure didn’t go down and after repeated introduction of the same preparation there appered sluggishness, slow response, inhibition of consciousness and respiration. What preparation is antagonist of magnesium sulfate and can eliminate symptoms of its overdose?
Calcium chloride
Sodium chloride
Potassium permanganate
Activated carbon
Potassium chloride
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Hepatitis has led to the development of hepatic failure. Mechanism of edemata formation is activated by the impairment of the following liver function:
Barrier
Protein-synthetic
Glycogen-synthetic
Antitoxic
Chologenetic
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A patient working at a pig farm complains about paroxysmal abdominal pain, liquid feces with admixtures of mucus and blood, headache, weakness, fever. Examination of large intestine revealed ulcers from 1 mm up to several cm large, feces contained oval unicellular organisms with cilia. What disease should be suspected?
Trichomoniasis
Amebiasis
Balantidiasis
Lambliasis
Toxoplasmosis
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A patient staggers and walks astraddle. He has hypomyotonia of arm and leg muscles, staccato speech. In what brain section is this affection localized?
Motor cortex
Cerebellum
Putamen
Red nucleus
Caudate nucleus
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During hypersensitivity test a patient got subcutaneous injection of an antigen which caused reddening of skin, edema, pain as a result of histamine action. This biogenic amine is generated as a result of transformation of the following histidine amino acid:
Methylation
Phosphorylation
Decarboxylation
Isomerization
Deaminization
‹ Назад
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Normal, actively dividing cells of human red bone marrow are analyzed. What number of cells’ chromosomes is typical for G1 period?
45
48
46
47
23
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Blood group of a 30 year old man was specified before an operation. His blood is Rh-positive. Reaction of erythrocyte agglutination was absent with standard sera of 0afi (I), Afi (II), Ba (III) groups. The blood under examination is of the following group:
0afi (I)
-
AB (IV)
Afi (II)
Ba (III)
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A 64 year old woman has impairment of twilight vision (hemeralopy). What vitamin should be recommended in the first place?
Vitamin A
Vitamin E
Vitamin C
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B2
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A patient underwent appendectomy. In the postoperative period he has been taking an antibiotic. The patient complains about hearing impairment and vestibular disorders. What group of antibiotics has such by-effects?
Penicillins
Tetracyclines
Macrolides
Cephalosporins
Aminoglycosides
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A patient was stung by a bee. Examination revealed that his left hand was hot, pink, edematic, there was a big red blister on the site of sting. What is the leading mechanism of edema development?
Drop of oncotic pressure in tissue
Increased vessel permeability
Reduced vessel filling
Injury of vessels caused by the sting
Drop of osmotic pressure in tissue
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A patient complained about dizziness, memory impairment, periodical convulsions. It was revealed that these changes were caused by a product of decarboxylation of glutamic acid. Name this product:
TDP
Pyridoxal phosphate
THFA
ATP
GABA
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A sportsman needs to improve his sporting results. He was recommended to take a preparation that contains carnitine. What process is activated the most by this compound?
Amino acids transporting
Calcium ions transporting
Glucose transporting
Vitamin K transporting
Fatty acids transporting
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Laboratory examination of a child revealed increased concentration of leucine, valine, isoleucine and their ketoderi-vatives in blood and urine. Urine smelt of maple syrup. This disease is characterized by the deficit of the following enzyme:
Phosphofructomutase
Aminotransferase
Phosphofructokinase
Dehydrogenase of branched amino acids
Glucose-6-phosphatase
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A 7 year old child often suffers from streprococcic angina. Doctor suspected development of rheumatism and administered serological examination. The provisional diagnosis will be most probably confirmed by presence of antibodies to the following streptococcic antigen:
M-protein
O-streptolysin
C-carbohydrate
Capsular polysaccharide
Erythrogenic toxin
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A 46 year old patient who had been suffering from tuberculosis for 6 years died from massive pulmonary haemorrhage. Autopsy revealed different-sixed foci of sclerosis and caseous necrosis in lungs, in the upper part of the right lung there was a cavity 5 cm in diameter with dense grey walls, the cavity contained liquid blood and blood clots. What type of tuberculosis is it?
Infiltrative
Acute cavernous
Acute focal
Fibrocavernous
Fibrous focal
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A patient suffering from pheochromocyton complains of thirst, dry mouth, hunger. Blood test for sugar revealed hyperglycemia. What type of hyperglycemia is it?
Adrenal
Hypoinsulinemic
Alimentary
Hypercorticoid
Somatotropic
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A patient has been suffering from elevated temperature and attacks of typical cough for 10 days. Doctor administered inoculation of mucus from the patient’s nasopharynx on the agar. What microorganism is presumed?
Staphylococcus
Listeria
Pfeiffer’s bacillus
Pertussis bacillus
Klebsiella
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A patient suffering from stenocardia was taking nitroglycerine which caused restoration of blood supply of myocardium and relieved pain in the cardiac area. What intracellular mechanism provides restoration of energy supply of insulted cells?
Intensification of ATP resynthesis
Intensification of RNA generation
Intensification of oxygen transporting into the cell
Increased permeability of membranes
Reduction of ATP resynthesis
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A 50 year old patient has been taking treatment thrice for the last 6 months because of fractures caused by domestic accidents. Microscopical examination of bony tissue revealed foci of lacunar resolution, giant-cell granulomas in the tumour-like formations, cysts. Bony tissue was substituted by fibrous connective tissue. Examination revealed also adenoma of parathyroid gland and hypercalcemia. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Osteopetrosis
Parathyroid osteodystrophy
Myelomatosis
Osteomyelitis
Paget’s disease
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A couple had a child with Down’s disease. Mother is 42 years old. This disease is most probably caused by the following impairment of prenatal development:
Gametopathy
Non-specific fetopathy
Blastopathy
Embryopathy
Specific fetopathy
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A man weighs 80 kg, after long physical activity his circulating blood volume is reduced down to 5,4 l, hematocrit makes up 50%, whole blood protein is 80 g/l. These blood characteristics are determined first of all by:
Increased diuresis
Increased circulating blood volume
Increased protein concentration in plasm
Increased number of erythrocytes
Water loss with sweat
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Examination of a pregnant woman revealed twice as much concentration of fibrinogen in blood plasm. What ESR can this woman have?
0-5 mm/h
2-12 mm/h
10-15 mm/h
5-10 mm/h
40-50 mm/h
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Далі ›
Examination of a child who frequently suffers from infectious diseases revealed that IgG concentration in blood serum was 10 times less than normal, IgA and IgM concentration was also significantly reduced. Analysis showed also lack of B-lymphocytes and plasmocytes. What disease are these symptoms typical for?
Bruton’s disease
Dysimmunoglobulinemia
Di George syndrome
Louis-Bar syndrome
Swiss-type agammaglobulinemia
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Introduction of a big dose of histamine to an experimental animal caused abrupt drop of arterial pressure as a result of:
Increase of heart rate
Decrease of heart rate
Decrease of heart rate and force
Dilatation of resistance vessels
Constriction of resistance vessels
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Examination of a 42 year old patient revealed a tumour of adenohypophysis. Objectively: the patient’s weight is 117 kg, he has moon-like hyperemic face, red-blue striae of skin distension on his belly. Osteoporosis and muscle dystrophy are present. AP is 210/140 mm Hg. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Diabetes mellitus
Cushing’s disease
Essential hypertension
Conn’s disease
Cushing’s syndrome
‹ Назад
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Vagus branches that innervate heart are being stimulated during an experiment. This caused reduction of heart rate due to the intensification of the following process (through the cell membrane of cardiac pacemaker):
Potassium ion entry
Calcium and potassium ion yield
Potassium ion yield
Calcium ion yield
Calcium ion entry
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A patient got an injury of spinal marrow in a road accident that caused loss of tactile sensation, posture sense, vibration sense. What conduction tracts are damaged?
Tectospinal tract
Rubrospinal tract
Anterior spinocerebellar tract
Reticulospinal tract
Fascicle of Goll and cuneate fascicle
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A scheme presents an exocrinous gland that has unbranched excretory duct with a terminal part in form of a saccule openining into the duct. How is this gland called according to the morphological classification of exocrinous glands?
Simple branched tubular
Simple unbranched alveolar
Compound unbranched alveolar
Compound branched alveolar
Compound unbranched alveolar tubular
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Examination of a patient revealed hypertrophy and inflammation of lymphoid tissue, edema of mucous membrane between palatine arches (acute tonsillitis). What tonsil is normally situated in this area?
-
Tonsilla pharyngealis
Tonsilla tubaria
Tonsilla palatina
Tonsilla lingualis
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A patient complained about muscle rigidity, constrained motions, constant tremor of arms. On the grounds of examination his disease was diagnosed as Parkinson’s disease. What drug should be administered?
Ethosuximide
Diphenylhydantoin
Phenobarbital
Diazepam
Levodopa
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Examination of a patient with impaired blood coagulation revealed thrombosis of a branch of inferior mesenteric artery. What bowel segment is damaged?
Caecum
Colon sigmoideum
Ileum
Colon ascendens
Colon transversum
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When blood circulation in the damaged tissue is restored, then lactate accumulation comes to a stop and glucose consumption decelerates. These metabolic changes are caused by activation of the following process:
Anaerobic glycolysis
Lipolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogen biosynthesis
Aerobic glycolysis
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A woman was delivered to a hospital for trachea intubation. What of the following drugs should be applied in this case?
Gentamycin sulfate
Atropine sulfate
Nitroglycerine
Dithylinum
Metronidazole
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Далі ›
A patient suffers from pulmonary tuberculosis. During treatment neuritis of visual nerve arose. What drug has caused this by-effect?
Streptomycin
Ethambutol
Rifampicin
Kanamycin
Isoniazid
‹ Назад
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A patient suffers from chronic left-ventricular insufficiency. What medication should be administered?
Digoxin
Vinpocetine
Etimizole
Pyracetam
Bemegride
‹ Назад
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Roentgenological examination of skull base bones revealed enlargement of sellar cavity, thinning of anterior clinoid processes, destruction of different parts, destruction of different parts of sella turcica. Such bone destruction might be caused by a tumour of the following wndocrinous gland:
Adrenal glands
Hypophysis
Epiphysis
Thyroid gland
Thymus gland
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Patients who suffer from severe diabetes and don’t receive insulin have metabolic acidosis. This is caused by increased concentration of the following metabolites:
Unsaturated fatty acids
Triacylglycerols
Cholesterol
Fatty acids
Ketone bodies
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A 4 year old child with hereditary renal lesion has signs of rickets, vitamin D concentration in blood is normal. What is the most probable cause of rickets development?
Hypofunction of parathyroid glands
Impaired synthesis of calcitriol
Increased excretion of calcium
Lack of calcium in food
Hyperfunction of parathyroid glands
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Далі ›
A man was intoxicated with mushrooms. They contain muscarine that stimulates muscarinic cholinoreceptors. What symptoms signalize intoxication with inedible mushrooms?
Increased heart rate
Bronchi dilatation
Myotic pupils
Rise of arterial pressure
Mydriatic pupils
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A 47 year old man with myocardium infarction was admitted to the cardiological department. What changes of cellular composition of peripheral blood are induced by necrotic changes in the myocardium?
Neutrophilic leukocytosis
Lymphopenia
Eosinophilic leukocytosis
Monocytosis
Thrombocytopenia
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A patient with skin mycosis has disorder of cellular immunity. The most typical characteristic of it is reduction of the following index:
T-lymphocytes
Immunoglobulin G
Plasmocytes
B-lymphocytes
Immunoglobulin E
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A 50 year old patient underwent resection of tumour of large intestine wall. Microscopically it presents itself as fascicles of divergent collagen fibers of different thickness and form and some monomorphous fusiform cells that are irregularly distributed among the fibers. Cellular atypia is not evident. What tumour is it?
Fibromyoma
Soft fibroma
Desmoma
Hard fibroma
Fibrosarcoma
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A cell at the stage of mitosis anaphase was stimulated by colchicine that inhibits chromosome separation to the poles. What type of mutation will be caused?
Deletion
Translocation
Polyploidy
Inversion
Duplication
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Autopsy of a 5 year old child revealed in the area of vermis of cerebellum a soft greyish-pink node 2 cm in diameter with areas of haemorrhage. Histologically this tumour consisted of atypical monomorphous small roundish cells with big polymorphous nuclei. What tumour is it?
Oligodendroglioma
Glioblastoma
Medulloblastoma
Astrocytoma
Meningioma
‹ Назад
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Voluntary breath-holding caused increase of respiration depth and frequency. The main factor stimulating these changes of external respiration is:
Decreased concentration of H + in blood
Decreased tension of O2 in blood
Increased tension of O2 in blood
Increased tension of CO2 in blood
Decreased tension of CO2 in blood
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient was admitted to the surgical department with inguinal hernia. During the operation the surgeon performs plastic surgery on posterior wall of inguinal canal. What structure forms this wall?
Inguinal ligament
Aponeurosis of abdominal external oblique muscle
Peritoneum
Transverse fascia
Loose inferior edge of transverse abdominal muscle
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Далі ›
A patient has delayed conduction of excitement through the atrioventricular node. What changes of ECG will be observed?
S — T-segment displacement
Negative T wave
Prolongation of Q — S interval
Prolongation of P — Q interval
Prolongation of Q — T interval
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Surface with an intact toad on it was inclined to the right. Tone of extensor muscles became reflectory higher due to the activation of the following receptors:
Vestibuloreceptors of semicircular ducts
Vestibuloreceptors of utricle and saccule
Proprioreceptors
Mechanoreceptors of foot skin
Photoreceptors of retina
‹ Назад
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A female patient underwent liver transplantation. 1,5 month after it her condition became worse because of reaction of transplant rejection. What factor of immune system plays the leading part in this reaction?
T-helpers
B-lymphocytes
Interleukin-1
Natural killers
T-killers
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Microscopical examination of a mi-crobal culture revealed fusiform sporeforming microorganisms that get violet-blue Gram’s stain. What microorganisms were revealed?
Spirochaete
Streptococci
Clostridia
Diplococci
Actinomycete
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A bacteriological laboratory received sputum sample of a patient suffering from tuberculosis. Bacterioscopic examination of smears and detection of tuberculosis bacillus can be realized by one of enrichment methods that involves processing of sputum only with solution of caustic soda. What is this method called?
Flotation
Homogenization
Filtration
Inactivation
Neutralization
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Electronic microphotography of pulmonary alveole’s wall presents a big cell. Its cytoplasm has a lot of mitochondria, developed Golgi apparatus, osmiophil lamellated corpuscles. What is the main function of this cell?
It absorbs microorganisms
It produces surfactant
It warms the air
It purifies the air
It is a component of blood-air barrier
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A patient in a transplantation centre underwent heart transplantation. The organ was taken from a donor who died in a road accident. Foreign heart can be rejected as a result of development of transplantation immunity. It is usually prevented by means of:
Ultrasound
X-ray therapy
Immunosuppressors
Enzymes
Chemotherapy
‹ Назад
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A child is pale, pastose, muscular tissue is bad developed, lymph nodes are enlarged. He often suffers from angina and pharyngitis, blood has signs of lymphocytosis. The child is also predisposed to autoallergic diseases. What type of diathesis can be presumed in this case?
Gouty
Hemorrhagic
Exudative
Lymphohypoplastic
Asthenic
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A patient had been suffering from profuse diarrhea and vomiting for 2 days. He died from acute dehydration. Autopsy revealed that the intestinal wall was edematic and hyperemic, with multiple haemorrhages in the mucous membrane. Intestine lumen contains whitish fluid resembling of rice water. What disease caused death?
Salmonellosis
Cholera
Dysentery
Enterocolitis
Typhoid fever
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Examination of a 66 year old patient revealed a lytic tumour in the locus of pathological rib fracture. Histologically this tumour consists of atypical plasmoblasts. Further examination revealed osteoporosis in the bones of vertebral column and pelvis. These changes are typical for:
Neuroblastoma
Ewing’s osteosarcoma
Tuberculous osteomyelitis
Myelomatosis
Metastatic lung cancer
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Далі ›
A patient died from acute cardiac insufficiency, among clinical presentations there was gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Examination of mucous membrane of sromach revealed some defects reaching myenteron; their edges and bottom were mostly even and loose, some of them contained dark-red blood. What pathological process was revealed?
Chronic ulcers
Thrombosis
Acute ulcers
Inflammation
Erosions
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A 33 year old man died from uraemia. Autopsy revealed enlarged kidneys weighing 500,0 each and consisting of multiple cavities 0,5-2 cm in diameter. The cavities were full of light-yellow transparent liquid. Renal pelvis and ureters had no pecularities. What renal disease caused uraemia?
Chronic pyelonephritis
Bilateral polycystic renal disease
Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
Renal tumour
Renal tuberculosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient got a trauma that caused dysfunction of motor centres regulating activity of head muscles. In what parts of cerebral cortex is the respective centre normally localized?
Superior part of precentral gyrus
Inferior part of precentral gyrus
Angular gyrus
Superior parietal lobule
Supramarginal gyrus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Material taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis 'influenza' was referred to a laboratory. For virological examination the hemadsorption reaction was applied. This reaction can be applied for detection of the following viruses:
Any viruses
DNA-genomic viruses
Viruses containing hemagglutinins
All the simple viruses
All the complex viruses
‹ Назад
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Lungs of a preterm infant have areas of atelectasis (pulmonary collapse). The main cause is:
Surfactant excess
Surfactant deficiency
Diminished force of surface tension of lungs
Increased viscous resistance
Underdeveloped inspiration muscles
‹ Назад
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An alcoholic woman has born a girl with mental and physical developmental lag. Doctors diagnosed the girl with fetal alcohol syndrome. What effect is the cause of the girl’s state?
Mutagenic
Malignization
Mechanic
Teratogenic
Carcinogenic
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A viral infection has damaged cells that form walls of bile capillaries. This stimulated conditions for inflow of bile into the blood of sinusoidal capillaries. What cells are damaged?
Endotheliocytes
Hepatocytes
Pit-cells
Ito cells
Kupffer’s cells
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Dietary intake of a 30 year old nursing woman contains 1000 mg of calcium, 1300 mg of phosphorus and 20 mg of iron per day. It is necessary to change content of these mineral substances in the followi- ng way:
To increase iron content
To increase calcium content
To increase phosphorus content
To reduce iron content
To reduce fluorine content
‹ Назад
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A patient with obliterating atherosclerosis underwent sympathectomy of femoral artery in the region of femoral trigone. What type of arterial hyperemia was induced by the operation?
Neurotonic
Metabolic
Reactive
Neuroparalytic
Functional
‹ Назад
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A15 year old girl has pale skin, glossitis, gingivitis. Blood count: erythrocytes -3, 3 cot 1012/l, hemoglobin - 70 g/l, colour index - 0,5. Examination of blood smear revealed hypochromia, microcytosis, poi-kilocytosis. What type of anemia is it?
Hemolytic
Iron-deficient
Thalassemia
Sickle-cell
B12-folic acid-deficient
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Burned skin surface was treated with a certain preparation. Its antiseptic properties are provided by atomic oxygen that is formed in presence of organic substances. What preparation was applied?
Chlorhexidine bigluconate
Alcoholic iodine solution
Potassium permanganate
Sodium hydrocarbonate
Furacillin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cardinal symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism are osteoporosis and renal lesion along with development of urolithiasis. What substance makes up the basis of these calculi in this disease?
Calcium phosphate
Cholesterol
Cystine
Uric acid
Bilirubin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with chronic cardiac insufficiency has been taking foxglove (Digitalis) preparations for a long time. Due to the violation of intake schedule the woman got symptoms of intoxication. These symptoms result from:
Tachyphylaxis
Material cumulation
Antagonism
Sensibilization
Idiosyncrasy
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient was diagnosed with paralysis of facial and masticatory muscles. The haematoma is inside the genu of internal capsule. What conduction tract is damaged?
Tr. cortico-thalamicus
Tr. cortico-fronto-pontinus
Tr. cortico-nuclearis
Tr. cortico-spinalis
Tr. cortico-temporo-parieto-occipito-pontinus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 5 year old child is ill with measles. Blood analysis revealed increase of total number of leukocytes up to 13 • 109/l. Leukogram: basophils - 0, eosinophils - 1, myelocytes - 0, juvenile neutrophils - 0, band neutrophils - 2, segmented neutrophils - 41, lymphocytes - 28, monocytes - 28. Name this phenomenon :
Eosinopenia
Lymphocytosis
Neutropenia
Monocytosis
Agranulocytosis
‹ Назад
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A patient was admitted to the infectious department. His symptoms: dry skin, decreased skin turgor, rice-water stool. The patient was diagnosed with cholera. What disorder of waterelectrolytic balance is most often observed in this disease?
Isoosmotic hypohydration
Hyperosmotic hypohydration
Hypoosmotic hyperhydration
Hyperosmotic hyperhydration
Hypoosmotic hypohydration
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A foreign body (a button) closed space of the right superior lobar bronchus. What segments of the right lung won’t be supplied with air?
Apical and median basal
Apical, posterior, anterior
Apical and posterior basal
Superior and inferior lingular
Medial and lateral
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Далі ›
A patient was diagnosed with bartholinitis (inflammation of greater vulvovaginal glands). In which organ of urogenital system are these glands localized?
Vagina
Large lips of pudendum
Clitoris
Small lips of pudendum
Uterus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A histological specimen presents an artery. One of the membranes of its wall has flat cells lying on the basal membrane. What type of cells is it?
Mesothelium
Smooth myocytes
Fibroblasts
Endothelium
Macrophages
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Study of conversion of a food colouring agent revealed that neutralization of this xenobiotic takes place only in one phase - microsomal oxydation. Name a component of this phase:
Cytochrome P-450
Cytochrome C
Cytochrome B
Cytochrome oxidase
Cytochrome A
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Ultrasonic examination of a patient revealed aneurism in the area of aortic arch that caused alteration of vocal function of larynx. What nerve was constricted?
Superior laryngeal
Diaphragmatic
Recurrent laryngeal
Sublingual
Mandibular
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A 25 year old man has spent a long time in the sun under high air humidity. As a result of it his body temperature rose up to 39oC. What pathological process is it?
Hyperthermia
Hypothermia
Burn disease
Infectious fever
Noninfectious fever
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A 23 year old man has perforation of hard palate. In the area of this perforation there was a compact well-defined formation. Microscopic examination of the resected formation revealed a large focus of caseous necrosis surrounded by granulation tissue with endovasculi- tis, cellular infiltration composed of lymphocytes, epithelioid cells (mainly plasmocytes). What is the most probable diagnosis?
Sarcoma
Scleroma
Leprosy
Syphilis
Tuberculosis
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A young woman who entered a production department where it strongly smelt of paints and varnishes had a bronchospasm. This reflex was caused by irritation of the following receptors:
Irritant
Pleura receptors
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Juxtaglomerular
Central chemoreceptors
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A 50 year old man who was referred to the hospital for treatment of cervical lymphadenitis underwent test for induvi-dual sensitivity to penicillin. 30 seconds after he went hot all over, AP dropped down to 0 mm Hg that led to cardiac arrest. Resuscitation was unsuccessful. Autopsy results: acute venous plethora of internal organs; histological examination of skin ( from the site of injection) revealed degranulation of mast cells (tissue basophils ). Degranulation was also revealed in myocardium and lungs. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is it?
Anaphylactic
-
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Complement-mediated cytotoxic
Immunocomplex-mediated
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One of sections of central nervous system has layerwise arrangement of neurocytes. Among them there are cells of the following forms: stellate, fusiform, horizontal, pyramidal. What section of central nervous system is this structure typical for?
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord
Cortex of cerebrum
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Study of fingerprints (dactylography) is used by criminalists for personal identification as well as for diagnostics of genetic abnormalities, particularly Dawn’s disease. What layer of skin determines individuality of fingerprints?
Reticular
Horny
Basal
Dermopapillary
Clear (stratum lucidum epidermidis)
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A patient has herpetic rash. What medication should be administered?
Gentamycin
Benzylpenicillin sodium salt
Acyclovir
Biseptol
Clotrimazole
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Cytogenetic examination of a patient with reproductive dysfunction revealed normal karyotype 46 XY in some cells, but most cells have karyotype of Klinefelter’s syndrome - 47 XXY. Such cell heterogeni-ty is called:
Inversion
Duplication
Transposition
Monomorphism
Mosaicism
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An isolated muscle fiber is under examination. It was established that the threshold of stimulation force became significantly lower. What is the cause of this phenomenon?
Block of energy production in the cell
Activation of sodium channels of membrane
Inactivation of sodium channels of membrane
Activation of potassium channels of membrane
Inactivation of potassium channels of membrane
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During examination of a patient a dentist revealed a lot of 'white spots' zones of enamel demineralization. What microorganisms take part in the development of this process?
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus salivarius
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Veilonella parvula
Streptococcus mutans
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Surgical approach to the thyroid gland from the transverse (collar) approach involves opening of interaponeurot suprasternal space. What anatomic structure localized in this space is dangerous to be damaged?
Subclavicular vein
External jugular vein
Inferior thyroid arthery
Jugular venous arch
Superior thyroid arthery
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A doctor revealed tissues injury on patient’s scalp with localized suppurations and diagnosed his disease as myiasis. This infestation is caused by larvae of the following insect:
Wohlfahrt fly
Kissing bug
Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans)
Malarial mosquito
Mosquito
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A patient with hip fracture was prescribed a narcotic analgetic. Its anesthetic action is determined by interaction with the following receptors:
Benzodiazepine receptors
Adrenoreceptors
Cholinoreceptors
GABA-ergic receptors
Opiate receptors
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A patient consumed a lot of reach in proteins food that caused increase of rate of proteolytic enzymes of pancreatic juice. It is also accompanied by increase of rate of the following enzyme:
Gastricsin
Tripsin
Pepsin
Renin
Enterokinase
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In course of an experiment thalamocortical tracts of an animal were cut. What type of sensory perception remained intact?
Auditory
Exteroreceptive
Olfactory
Visual
Nociceptive
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A 2 year old child had acute respiratory viral infection and died from cardiopulmonary decompensation. Autopsy revealed that his right lung was hyperemic; in the 2nd, 6th and 10th segments and on the incision there were airless yellowish foci of irregular form, from several mm up to 1 cm large. Mi- croscopical examination revealed exudate consisting mainly of neutrophils in the given areas of pulmonary tissue in the alveoles, bronchioles and bronchial tubes. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Focal pneumonia
Interstitial pneumonia
Pulmonary abscess
Croupous pneumonia
Acute bronchitis
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A 25 year old patient was examined by a medical board. Examination revealed pathology of chest. Transverse dimensions were to small and the sternum was strongly protruding. What chest type is it?
Keeled chest
Barrel chest
Flat chest
Cylindrical chest
Funnel chest
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An infectious disease caused contractive activity of muscles that contract and dilate eye pupil ( paralytic state). What functional eye system was damaged?
Ancillary
Photosensory
Lacrimal apparatus
Accomodative
Dioptric
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Brain tomography revealed a tumour in the region of red nucleus. What part of brain isdamaged?
Medulla oblongata
Pons cerebelli
Midbrain
Interbrain
Cerebellum
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