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Step 1 - Medicine 2006
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2 із 200
A 27-year-old woman has dropped penicillin containing eye drops. In a few minutes there appeared feeling of itching, burning of the skin, lips and eyelids edema, whistling cough, decrease of BP. What imunoglobulins take part in the development of this allergic reaction?
IgE and IgG
IgM and IgG
IgM and IgD
IgA and IgM
IgG and IgD
3 із 200
A person felt thirsty after staying under the conditions of hot weather for a long time. Signals of what receptors caused it first of all?
Osmoreceptors of hypothalamus
Glucoreceptors of hypothalamus
Baroreceptors of aortic arch
Sodium receptors of hypothalamus
Osmoreceptors of liver
4 із 200
Slime, blood and protozoa 30-200 microns long have been revealed in a man’s feces. The body is covered with cilias and has correct oval form with a little bit narrowed anterior and wide round shaped posterior end. At the anterior end a mouth is visible. In cytoplasm there are two nucleui and two short vacuoles. What are the described features typical for?
Balantidium
Lamblia
Dysenteric amoeba
Trichomonas
Intestinal amoeba
5 із 200
A child has got galactosemia. Concentration of glucose in blood has not considerably changed. Deficiency of what enzyme caused this illness?
Galactose-1-phosphate uri-dyltransferase
Phosphoglucomutase
Galactokinase
Hexokinase
Amylo-1,6-glucosidase
6 із 200
Synthesis of phospholipids is disturbed as a result fatty infiltration of liver. Indicate which of the following substances can enhance the process of methylation during phospholipids synthesis?
Methionine
Ascorbic acid
Glycerin
Glucose
Citrate
7 із 200
An individual is characterized by rounded face, broad forehead, a mongolian type of eyelid fold, flattened nasal bridge, permanently open mouth, projecting lower lip, protruding tongue, short neck, flat hands, and stubby fingers. What diagnosis can be put to the patient?
Down’s syndrome
Turner’s syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Alkaptonuria
Supermales
8 із 200
A patient visited a dentist with complaints of redness and edema of his mouth mucous membrane in a month after dental prosthesis. The patient was diagnosed with allergic stomatitis. What type of allergic reaction by Gell and Cumbs underlies this disease?
Delayed type hypersensitivity
Anaphylactic
Immunocomplex
Cytotoxic
Stimulating
9 із 200
A patient suffering from trombophlebi-tis of the deep crural veins suddenly died. Autopsy has shown freely lying red friable masses with dim crimped surface in the trunk and bifurcation of the pulmonary artery. What pathologic process was revealed by morbid anatomist?
Tromboembolism
Embolism with foreign body
Tissue embolism
Thrombosis
Fat embolism
10 із 200
Decreased blood supply to the organs causes hypoxia that activates fibroblasts function. Volume of what elements is increased in this case?
Intercellular substance
Parenchymatous elements of an organ
Vessels of microcircular stream
Nerve elements
Lymphatic vessels
11 із 200
RNA-polymerase B(II) is blocked due to amanitine poisoning (poison of death-cup). It disturbs:
Synthesis of m-RNA
Synthesis of t-RNA
Maturation of m-RNA
Reverse transcription
Primers synthesis
12 із 200
Secretion of what gastrointestinal hormones will be primarily decreased as a result of iduodenum removal?
Cholecystokinin and secretin
Gastrin
Neurotensin
Gastrin and histamine
Histamine
13 із 200
It is planned to use the territory of an old cattle burial ground (which is not used for more than 50 years) for building houses. But ground analysis revealed presence of the pathogen of a very dangerous illness. Which of the indicated microorgonisms is likely to remain in the ground for such a long time?
Bacillus anthracis
Mycobacterium bovis
Francisella tularensis
Brucella abortus
Yersinia pestis
14 із 200
From the nasopharynx of a 5-year-old child it was excreted a microorganism which is identical to Corynebacterium diphtheriae dose according to morphological and biochemical signs. But this microorganism does not produce exotoxin. As a result of what process can this microorganism become toxigenic?
Phage conversion
Passing through the organism of the sensative animals
Growing with antitoxic serum
Chromosome mutation
Cultivation in the telluric environment
15 із 200
A patient with encephalopathy was admitted to the neurological inpatient department. There was revealed a correlation between increasing of encephalopathy and substances absorbed by the bloodstream from the intestines. What substances that are formed in the intestines can cause endotoxemia?
Indole
Acetacetate
Biotin
Butyrate
Ornithine
16 із 200
A 50-year-old man has felt vague abdominal discomfort within past 4 months. Physical examination revealed no lymphadenopathy, and no abdominal masses or organomegaly at palpation. Bowel sounds are heard. An abdominal CT scan shows a 20 cm retroperitoneal soft tissue mass obscuring the left psoas muscle. A stool specimen tested for occult blood is negative. Which of the following neoplasms is this man most likely to have?
Lipoma
Adenocarcinoma
Lymphoma
Melanoma
Hamartoma
17 із 200
A patient has undergone an amputation of lower extremity. Some time later painful nodules appeared in a stump. Amputatious neuromas were found out at the microscopic examination. To what pathological processes do those formations relate?
Regeneration
Dystrophy
Inflammation
Hyperemia
Metaplasia
18 із 200
During the fetal period of the development in the vascular system of the fetus a large arterial ( Botallo’s) duct is functioning which converts into lig.arteriosum after birth. What anatomical formations does this duct connect?
Pulmonary trunk and aorta
Pulmonary trunk and superior vena cava
Aorta and superior vena cava
Aorta and inferior vena cava
Right and left auricles
19 із 200
A 22-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints of heavy nasal breathing. During the examination of her nasal cavity the doctors found thickened mucous membrane, a lot of mucus and nodular infiltrates without erosions in the nose.The nasal rhinoscleroma was diagnosed. The biopsy was taken. What typical morphological changes may be found?
Granulomas with Mikulicz’s cells
Granulomas with Langhan’s cells
Granulomas with Virchow’s cells
Granulomas with foreign body cells
Interstitial inflammation
20 із 200
Intake of oral contraceptives containing sex hormones inhibits secretion of the hypophysiae hormones. Secretion of which of the indicated hormones is inhibited while taking oral contraceptives with sex hormones?
Follicle-stimulating
Vasopressin
Somatotropic
Thyrotropic
Oxytocin
21 із 200
A 60-year-old patient was admitted to the surgical department because of infection caused by blue pus bacillus (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) which is sensative to penicillin antibiotics. Indicate which of the given penicillins has marked activity to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Carbenicillin disodium
Benzylpenicillin
Oxacillin
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
Methicillin
22 із 200
A 45-year-old woman suffers from seasonal allergic rhinitis caused by the ambrosia blossoming. What medicine from the stabilizer of the adipose cells group can be used for prevention of this disease?
Ketotifen
Diazoline
Tavegyl
Dimedrol
Phencarol
23 із 200
A young man felt acute pain in the back during active drawing up on the horizontal bar. Objectively: pain while moving upper extremity, reduced pronation and adduction functions. Sprain of what muscle can be observed here?
M.latissimus dorsi
M.romboideus major
M.trapezius
M.levator scapulae
M.subscapularis
24 із 200
A 52-year-old patient has the following diagnosis: systemic amebiasis with involvment of intestines, liver, lungs. What drug should be prescribed?
Metronidasol
Tetracycline
Quingamine
Enteroseptol
Quiniofone
25 із 200
A 38-year-old man who poisoned himself with mercury dichloride was taken to the admission room in grave condition. What antidote should be immediately introduced?
Unithiol
Atropine
Nalorphine
Dipiroxim
Isonitrosine
26 із 200
Children often have heavy nasal breathing resulting from excessive development of lymphoid tissue of pharyngeal mucous membrane. What tonsils growth may cause this effect?
Tonsilla pharyngea
Tonsilla tubaria
All above mentioned tonsils
Tonsilla lingualis
Tonsilla palatina
27 із 200
The alternate usage of dichlotiazide, etacrin acid and lasex did not influence diuretically upon the patient with marked peripheral edemata. The aldosterone rate in the blood is increased. Indicate which medicine should be prescribed:
Spironolacton
Amilorid
Urea
Mannit
Clopamid
28 із 200
A 46-year-old man complains of difficulties with nasal breathing. Mikulicz’s cells, accumulation of epithelioid cells, plasmocytes, lymphocytes, hyaline balls were discovered in the biopsy material of the thickened nasal mucosa. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Scleroma
Allergic rhinitis
Meningococcal nasopharyngitis
Rhinovirus infection
Virus rhinitis
29 із 200
A 56-year-old patient complaining of thirst and frequent urination was diagnosed with diabete mellitus. Butamin was prescribed. How does the medicine act?
It stimulates 3-cells of Langergans’ islets
It inhibits absorption of glucose in the intestines
It helps to absorb the glucose by the cells of the organism tissues
It relieves transport of glucose through the cells’ membranes
It inhibits o-cells of Langergans’ islets
30 із 200
A man who was bitten by the unknown dog applied to the surgeon. Wide ragged woundes were localized on the face. What curative-prophylactic aid should be given to prevent rabies?
Start immunisation with rabies vaccine
Immediate injection of DPT(Diphtheria, Pertusis, Tetanus) vaccine
Prescribe combined antibiotic therapy
Immediately inject normal gamma globulin
Hospitalize the patient and keep under the doctor’s supervision
31 із 200
A patient with clinical signs of immunodeficiency has no changes of the number and functional activity of T- and B- lymphocytes. Defect with disfunction of antigen-presentation to the immunocompetent cells was found during examinatio on the molecule level. Defect of what cells is the most probable?
Macrophages, monocytes
NK-cells
0- lymphocytes
Fibroblasts, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes
32 із 200
A 38-year-old woman was admitted to the admission-diagnostic department with uterine bleeding. What are the most likely changes of blood?
Reduction of haematocrite rate
Polycythemia
Increase of haematocrite rate
Leucocytosis
Leukopenia
33 із 200
A 60-year-old patient has reduced perception of high-frequency sounds. What structures’ disorder of auditory analizer caused these changes?
Main membrane of cochlea near the oval window
Tympanic membrane
Muscles of middle ear
Main membrane of cochlea near heli-cotrema
Eustachian tube
34 із 200
The effect of electric current on the exitable cell caused depolarization of its membrane. Movement of what ions through the membrane caused depolarisation?
Na+
C a2+
C l3
K+
HCO3
35 із 200
Live vaccine was injected into the human body. Increasing activity of what connective tissue cells can be expected?
Plasmocytes and lymphocytes
Fibroblasts and labrocytes
Adipocytes and adventitious cells
Pigmentocytes and pericytes
Macrophages and fibroblasts
36 із 200
When a patient with traumatic impairment of the brain was examined, it was discovered that he had stopped to distinguish displacement of an object on the skin. What part of the brain was damaged?
Posterior central gurus
Frontal zone
Frontal central gurus
Occipital zone of the cortex
Parietal zone of the cortex
37 із 200
In the blood of a 26-year-old man 18% of erythrocytes of the spherical, ballshaped, flat and spinous shape have been revealed. Other eritrocytes were in form of the concavo-concave disks. How is this phenomenon called?
Physiological poikilocytosis
Pathological poikilocytosis
Pathological anisocytosis
Physiological anisocytosis
Erytrocytosis
38 із 200
A 10-year-old girl often experiences acute respiratory infections with multiple punctate haemorrages in the places of clothes friction. Hypovitaminosis of what vitamin has the girl?
C
A
B6
B 2
B 1
39 із 200
Different functional groups can be presented in the structure of L-amino acid’s radicals. Identify the group that is able to form ester bond:
-OH
- CH 3
- NH 2
- SH
- CONH 2
40 із 200
Moving of the daughter chromatids to the poles of the cell is observed in the mi-totically dividing cell. At what stage of the mitotic cycle is this cell?
Anaphase
Metaphase
Telophase
Prophase
Interphase
41 із 200
During examination of a patient, there was found a neoplasm in the white substance of cerebral hemispheres with localization in the knee and frontal part of posterior crus of internal capsule. Fibres of what conductive tract of the brain will be disrupted?
Tr. pyramidalis
Tr. thalamocorticalis
Tr. parietooccipitopontinus
Tr. frontothalamicus
Tr. f rontopontinus
42 із 200
A patient with diabetes mellitus has been delivered in hospital in the state of unconsciousness. Arterial pressure is low. The patient has acidosis. Point substances, which accumulation in the blood results in these manifestations:
Ketone bodies
High fatty acids
Cholesterol esters
Amino acids
Monosaccharides
43 із 200
A person has steady HR not exceeding 40 bpm. What is the pacemaker of this person’s heart rhythm?
Atrioventricular node
Purkinje’s fibers
Sinoatrial node
His’ bundle
Branches of His’ bundle
44 із 200
A doctor administered Allopurinol to a 26-year-old young man with the symptoms of gout. What pharmacological action of Allopurinol ensures therapeutical effect?
By inhibiting uric acid synthesis
By increasing uric acid excretion
By inhibiting leucocyte migration into the joint
By general analgetic effect
By general anti-inflammatory effect
45 із 200
A patient who came to the doctor because of his infertility was administered to make tests for toxoplasmosis and chronic gonorrhoea. Which reaction should be performed to reveal latent toxoplasmosis and chronic gonorrhoea of the patient?
(R)CFT- Reiter’s complement fixation test
IFA - Immunofluorescence assay
Immunoblot analysis
RIHA - Reverse indirect hemagglutination assay
RDHA - Reverse direct hemagglutination assay
46 із 200
Under some diseases it is observed aldosteronism accompanied by hypertension and edema due to sodium retention in the organism. What organ of the internal secretion is affected under aldosteronism?
Adrenal glands
Testicle
Pancreas
Ovaries
Hypophysis
47 із 200
A patient had been taking glucocorticoids for a long time. When the preparation was withdrawn he developed the symptoms of disease aggravation, decreased blood pressure and weakness. What is the reason of this condition?
Appearance of adrenal insufficiency
Habituation
Cumulation
Hyperproduction of ACTH
Sensibilization
48 із 200
A patient has tissue ischemia below the knee joint accompanied with intermittent claudication. What artery occlusion should be suspected?
Popliteal artery
Posterior tibial artery
Proximal part of femoral artery
Peroneal artery
Anterior tibial artery
49 із 200
An experiment proved that UV-radiated cells of patients with xeroderma pigmentosum restore the native DNA structure slower than cells of healthy individuals as a result of reparation enzyme defection. What enzyme helps this process?
Endonuclease
RNA ligase
DNA polymerase III
DNA gyirase
Primase
50 із 200
A patient, who suffers from congenital erythropoietic porphyria, has skin photosensitivity. The accumulation of what compound in the skin cells can cause it?
Uroporphyrinogen 1
Heme
Protoporphyrin
Coproporphyrinogen 3
Uroporphyrinogen 2
51 із 200
A sick man with high temperature and a lot of tiny wounds on the body has been admitted to the hospital. Lice have been found in the folds of his clothing. What disease can be suspected?
Epidemic typhus
Tularemia
Plague
Malaria
Scabies
52 із 200
A patient with suspicion on epidemic typhus was admitted to the hospital. Some arachnids and insects have been found in his flat. Which of them may be a carrier of the pathogen of epidemic typhus?
Lice
Bed-bugs
Houseflies
Spiders
Cockroaches
53 із 200
A businessman came to India from South America. On examination the physician found that the patient was suffering from sleeping-sickness. What was the way of invasion?
As a result of bug’s bites
Through dirty hands
After contact with sick dogs
With contaminated fruits and vegetables
As a result of mosquito’s bites
54 із 200
Patients with bile ducts obstruction suffer from inhibition of blood coagulation, bleedings as a result of low level of vitamin assimilation. What vitamin is in deficiency?
K
D
Carotene
A
E
55 із 200
Blood analysis of a patient showed signs of HIV infection (human immunodeficiency virus). Which cells does HIV-virus primarily affect?
Cells that contain receptor T4 (T-helpers)
Specialized nervous cells (neurons)
Mast cells
Cells that contain receptor IgM (B-lymphocytes)
Proliferating cells (stem hematoplastic cells)
56 із 200
The preventive radioprotector was given to a worker of a nuclear power station. What mechanism from the below mentioned is considered to be the main mechanism of radioprotection?
Inhibition of free radicals formation
Prevention of tissue’s hypoxia
Increasing of tissue blood supply
Activation of oxidation reactions
Increasing of respiration
57 із 200
The pulmonalis embolism has suddenly developed in a 40-year-old patient with opened fracture of the hip. Choose the possible kind of embolism:
Fat
Tissue
Air
Thrombus-embolus
Foreign body
58 із 200
A patient’s blood was analyzed and the decreased erythrocyte’s sedimentation rate (ESR) was discovered. What disease from the listed below is accompanied with decreased ESR?
Polycytemia
Hepatitis
Myocardial infarction
Splenomegaly
Vitamin B deficiency
59 із 200
A 46-year-old patient has complained of headache, fatigue, thirst, pains in the spine and joints for the last 2 years. Clinically observed disproportional enlargement of hands, feet, nose, superciliary arches. He notes that he needed to buy bigger shoes three times. What is the main reason of such disproporti-onal enlargement of different parts of the body?
Cartilaginous tissue proliferation under growth hormone influence
Increased sensitivity of the tissues to insulin
Joints dystrophy development
Increased sensitivity of the tissues to growth hormone
Joints chronic inflammation development
60 із 200
A mother of a newborn complains of her baby’s constant belching with undigested milk. Which developmental anomaly is it an evidence of?
Esophageal atresia
Esophageal fistula
Anal atresia
Faux lupinum
Labium leporium
61 із 200
During the endoscopy the inflammation of a major papilla of the duodenum and the disturbances of bile secretion were found. In which part of duodenum were the problems found?
Descendent part
Bulb
Ascendant part
Lower horizontal part
Upper horizontal part
62 із 200
An 18-year-old patient came to the out-patient department with the complaints of bleeding trauma in the vestibule of his nose. On examination: the mechanical injury of the mucous layer of the vestibule without continuation into nasal cavity proper. What is the boundary between the vestibule and nasal cavity proper?
Nasal limen
Nostrils
Nasal septa
Choanes
Nasal roller
63 із 200
A 50-year-old patient was injured on the occipital region of the head. The closed skull trauma was diagnosed. She was taken to the hospital. The medical examination: deregulation of walking and balance, trembling of arms. What part of brain was injured?
The cerebellum
The medulla oblongata
The spinal cord
The inter-brain
The mind-brain
64 із 200
A patient with complaints of dryness in the mouth, photophobia and vision impairment was admitted to the reception-room. Skin is hyperemic, dry, pupils are dilated, tachycardia. Poisoning with belladonna alkaloids was diagnosed on further examination. What medicine should be prescribed?
Prozerin
Dipiroxim
Pilocarpine
Armine
Diazepam
65 із 200
Autopsy revealed that right lung is enlarged, solid, there are fibrin layers on the pleura. Lung tissue is light grey color on incision with muddy liqued exudates. What lung disease are these symptoms typical for?
Croupous pneumonia
Fibrosing alveolitis
Bronchopneumonia
Interstitial pneumonia
Pulmonary gangrene
66 із 200
During the operation on the hip joint of a 5-year-old child her ligament was damaged which caused bleeding.What ligament was damaged?
The head of the thigh
Perpendicular of the acetabule
Ischiofemoral
Pubofemoral
Iliofemoral
67 із 200
On autopsy it was revealed: pia mater of the upper parts of cerebral hemisphere is plethoric, of yellowish-green color, soaked with purulent and fibrose exudate, looks like a cap. What disease is it typical for?
Meningococcal meningitis
Meningitis connected with anthrax
Meningitis connected with typhus
Grippal meningitis
Tuberculous meningitis
68 із 200
A 55-year-old patient with continuing ventricular arrhythmias was admitted to the hospital. The patient is taking timolol drops for glaucoma, daily insulin injections for diabetes mellitus, and an ACE inhibitor for hypertension. You have decided to use phenytoin instead of procainamide. What is the reason?
The anticholinergic effect of procainamide would aggravate glaucoma
The hypertensive effects of procainamide would aggravate the hypertension
The local anesthetic effect of procainamide would aggravate the hypertension
The local anesthetic effect of procainamide would potentiate diabetes
The cholinergic effects of procainamide would aggravate the diabetes
69 із 200
A 35-year-old man under the treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis has acute pain onset of right big toe, swelling, and low-grade fever. The gouty arthritis was diagnosed and high serum uric acid level was found. Which of the following antituberculous drugs are known for causing high uric acid levels?
Pyrazinamide
Rifampicin
Thiacetazone
Cycloserine
Aminosalicylic acid
70 із 200
A person was selling 'homemade pork' sausages at the market. State sanitary inspector suspected falcification of the sausages. What serological immune reaction can identifiy food substance?
Precipitation test
Agglutination test
Immunofluorescence test
Complement-fixation test
Indirect hemagglutination test
71 із 200
A patient with rheumatoid arthritis who had been treated with indometacin has got signs of gastropathy. What activity of the drug can this complication be connected with?
Anticyclooxygenase
Antiserotonin
Locally irritating
Antikinine
Antihistamine
72 із 200
A 25-year-old woman with red and itchy eczematoid dermatitis visits your office. She had a dental procedure one day earlier with administration of a local anesthetic. There were no other findings, although she indicated that she had a history of allergic reactions. Which of the following drugs is most likely involved?
Procaine
Etidocaine
Bupivacaine
Lidocaine
Cocaine
73 із 200
In course of metabolic process active forms of oxygen including superoxide anion radical are formed in the human body. By means of what enzyme is this anion inactivated?
Superoxide dismutase
Glutathionereductase
Glutathioneperoxidase
Catalase
Peroxidase
74 із 200
A patient has elbow joint trauma with avulsion of medial epicondyle of humerus. What nerve can be damaged in this trauma?
Ulnar
Cardiac cutaneous nerve
Radial
Musculocutaneous nerve
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
75 із 200
A student is writing a thorough summary of a lecture. Quality of summarizing has considerably worsened when his neighbours started talking. What kind of inhibition in the cerebral cortex caused this effect?
External
Differentiated
Fading
Delayed
Protective
76 із 200
While enrolling a child to school Mantu’s test was made to define whether revaccination was needed. The test result is negative. What does this test result mean?
Absence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis
Presence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis
Presence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus
Absence of antitoxic immunity to the tuberculosis
Absence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus
77 із 200
The donor who didn’t donate the blood for a long time was investigated with IFA method. AntiHBs antibodies were revealed. What does positive result of IFA in this case mean?
Previous hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis C
Chronic hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis B
Chronic hepatitis C
78 із 200
Testosterone and it’s analogs increase the mass of skeletal muscles that allows to use them for treatment of dystrophy. Due to interaction of the hormone with what cell substrate is this action caused?
Nuclear receptors
Ribosomes
Chromatin
Proteins-activators of transcription
Membrane receptors
79 із 200
Inhibition of o-motoneuron of the extensor muscles was noticed after stimulation of omotoneuron of the flexor muscles during the experiment on the spinal cord. What type of inhibition is this process based upon?
Reciprocal
Lateral
Presynaptic
Depolarizational
Recurrent
80 із 200
A patient who has been strictly keeping to a certain diet for 10 days went through examination of respiratory coeffi- cient. It was determined that it was equal 1. What have the patient been keeping to?
With domination of carbohydrates
With domination of fat and carbohydrates
With domination of proteins and carbohydrates
With domination of proteins and fat
Mixed
81 із 200
Buffer capacity of a worker’s blood was decreased due to exhausting muscular work. By coming of what acid substance in the blood can this state be explained?
Lactate
o-ketoglutarate
3- phosphoglycerate
Pyruvate
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
82 із 200
Examination of initial molecular structure revealed substitution of the glutamic acid by valine. What inherited pathology is it typical for?
Sickle-cell anemia
Thalassemia
Minkowsky-Shauffard disease
Hemoglobinosis
Favism
83 із 200
Inflamation is characterised by increased permeability of vessels of microcirculation stream, increase of their hydrodynamic blood pressure. Increasing of the osmotic concentration and dispersi-ty of protein structures is present in the intercellular fluid. What kind of edema will appear in this case?
Mixed
Hydrodynamic
Membranogenic
Lymphogenic
Colloid-osmotic
84 із 200
Increased fragility of vessels, enamel and dentine destruction resulting from scurvy are caused by disorder of collagen maturation. What stage of procollagen modification is disturbed under this avitaminosis?
Hydroxylation of proline
Removal of C-ended peptide from procollagen
Detaching of N-ended peptide
Formation of polypeptide chains
Glycosylation of hydroxylysine residues
85 із 200
Scraps of the mycelium of a fungus, spores, air bubbles and fat drops were discovered on microscopy of the patient’s hair excluded from the infected areas. What fungus disease is characterised by this microscopic picture?
Favus
Microspory
Trichophytosis
Sporotrichosis
Epidermophytosis
86 із 200
On autopsy of the 58-year-old man it was revealed: mitral valve is deformed, thickened, not totally closed. Microscopically: foci of collagen fibers are eosinophilic, have positive fibrin reaction. The most likely it is:
Fibrinoid swelling
Fibrinoid inflammation
Hyalinosis
Amyloidosis
Mucoid swelling
87 із 200
Hypertrychosis of auricles is caused by a gene that is localized in Y-chromosome. Father has this feature. What is the probability to give birth to a boy with such anomaly?
100%
25 %
35 %
0 %
75 %
88 із 200
A 54-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with complaints of pain in the right subcostal region, vomiting with blood. Objectively: enlarged liver, varicose veins in the stomach and esophagus. Disfunction of what vessel is likely to have taken place?
Vena porta
Vena cava superior
Vena cava inferior
Vena hepatica
Aorta abdominalis
89 із 200
A 37-year-old man was admitted to the surgical department with the symptoms of acute pancreatitis: vomiting, diarrhea, bradycardia, hypotention, weakness, dehydration of the organism. What medicine should be used first of all?
Contrycal
No-spa
Ephedrine
Platyphylline
Etaperazine
90 із 200
A person has reduced diuresis, hypernatremia, hypokalemia. Hypersecretion of what hormone can cause such changes?
Aldosterone
Vasopressin
Parathormone
Adrenalin
Auricular sodiumuretic factor
91 із 200
Microspecimen of red bone marrow contains multiple capillares through the walls of which mature blood cells penetrate into the bloodstream. What type of capillares are these?
Sinusoidal
Lymphatic
Somatical
Fenestrational
Visceral
92 із 200
A 57-year-old patient was admitted to the gastroenterological department with suspicion of Zollinger-Ellison syndrom because of rapid increase of gastrin level in the blood serum. What is the most probable disorder of the secretory function of stomach?
Hyperacidic hypersecretion
Hypoacidic hypersecretion
Hyperacidic hyposecretion
Hypoacidic hyposecretion
Achylia
93 із 200
For a long time a 49-year-old woman had suffered from glomerulonephritis which caused death. The autopsy revealed that the size of her kidneys was 7 x 3 x 2,5 cm, weight 65,0 g, they were dense and small-grained. Microscopically: fibrinogenous inflammation of serous and mucous membranes, dystrophic changes of parenchymatous organs, brain edema. What complication can cause such changes of serous membranes and inner organs?
Uraemia
DIC-syndrome
Thrombopenia
Sepsis
Anemia
94 із 200
Upper neck node of sympathetic trunk was removed from the rabbit on experiment. Reddening and increased temperature of the skin of head is observed. What disorder of peripheral circulation of the blood has developed?
Neuroparalytic arterial hyperemia
Venous hyperemia
Stasis
Neurotonic arterial hyperemia
Metabolic arterial hyperemia
95 із 200
A tissue sample of benign tumor was studied under the electron microscope. A lot of small (15-20 nm) spherical bodies, consisting of 2 unequal subunits were detected. These are :
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Golgi complex
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Microtubules
96 із 200
A woman who was infected with toxoplasmosis during the pregnancy has born a child with multiple congenital defects.This is a result of:
Teratogenesis
Cancerogenesis
Chemical mutogenesis
Recombination
Biological mutogenesis
97 із 200
A considerable increase of activity of MB-forms of CPK (creatinephosphoki-nase) and LDH-1 was revealed on the examination of patient’s blood. What is the most likely pathology?
Miocardial infarction
Pancreatitis
Cholecystitis
Hepatitis
Rheumatism
98 із 200
An isolated muscle of a frog is rhythmically irritated with electric impulses. Every next impulse is in a period of relaxation from the previus contraction. What contraction of the muscle occurs?
Waved tetanus
Continuous (smooth) tetanus
Single
Tonic
Asynchronous
99 із 200
A 16-year-old boy was performed an appendectomy. He has been hospitalized for right lower quadrant abdominal pain within 18 hours. The surgical specimen is edematous and erythematous. Infiltration by what of the following cells is the most typical for the process occuring here?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Limphocytes
Monocytes
100 із 200
ATP synthesis is totaly blocked in a cell. How will the value of membrane rest potential change?
It will disappear
First it will decrease, then increase
It will be slightly increased
It will be considerably increased
First it will increase, then decrease
101 із 200
A patient who was previously ill with mastectomy as a result of breast cancer was prescribed radiation therapy. What vitamin preparation has marked radioprotective action caused by antioxidant activity?
Tocopherol acetate
Folic acid
Riboflavin
Thiamine chloride
Ergocalciferol
102 із 200
A patient with tissue trauma was taken a blood sample for the determination of blood clotting parameters. Specify the right sequence of extrinsic pathway activation:
III - Vila - Xa
III - VIII: TF - Xa
IV - VIIa - Xa
IV - VIII: TF - Xa
III - IV - Xa
103 із 200
Autopsy of a man who died from chronic cardiacvascular collapse revealed 'tiger heart'. Sidewards of endocardium a yellowish-white banding can be seen; myocardium is dull, darkyellow. What process caused this pathology?
Fatty parenchymatous degeneration
Hyaline degeneration
Amyloidosis
Carbohydrate degeneration
Fatty vascular-stromal degeneration
104 із 200
Parents with an ill child consulted an infectionist. They had been working in one of Asian countries for a long time. The child has sallow skin, loss of appetite, laxity, enlarged liver, spleen, peripheral lymph nodes. What protozoal illness can be suspected?
Visceral leishmaniasis
Amebiasis
Balantidiasis
Toxoplasmosis
Lambliasis
105 із 200
Healthy parents have got a fairhaired, blue-eyed girl. Irritability, anxiety, sleep and feeding disturbance developed in the first months of the infant’s life. Neurological examination revealed developmental lag. What method of genetic investigation should be used for the exact diagnosis?
Biochemical
Genealogical
Cytological
Gemellary
Population-statistical
106 із 200
The process of heart transplantation determined the viability of myocardial cells. The determination of what myocardium parameter is the most important?
Rest potential of cardiomyocytes
Concentration of oxygen in heart vessels
Concentration of calcium-ions in myofibrils
Concentration of Ca-ions in heart vessels
Heart temperature
107 із 200
The calcium canals of cardiomyocytes have been blocked on an isolated rabbit’s heart. What changes in the heart’s activity can result from it?
Decreased rate and force of heart beat
Decreased force of the contraction
Heart stops in systole
Heart stops in diastole
Decreased heart beat rate
108 із 200
Microscopic examination of the enlarged neck gland of a 14-year-old girl revealed destruction of the tissue structure of the node, absence of the lymph follicles, sclerotic areas and necrosis foci, cell constitution of the node is polymorphous, lymphocites, eosinophi-les, big atypical cells with multilobular nuclei (Beresovsky-Sternberg cells) and mononuclear cells of the large size are present. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Lymphogranulomatosis
Berkitt’s lymphoma
Acute lympholeucosis
Fungoid mycosis
Chronic lympholeucosis
109 із 200
As a result of the damage of one of the Atomic Power Plant reactors the runout of radioelements took place. People in the high-radiation area were radiated with approximately 250-300 r. They were immediately hospitalized. What changes in the blood count would be typical for the victims?
Lymphopenia
Anemia
Neutropenia
Thrombopenia
Leukopenia
110 із 200
Dystrophic alterations of heart are accompanied with dilation of heart cavities, decreased force of heart contractions, increased blood volume that remains during systole in the heart cavity, vein overfill. What heart condition is it typiccal for?
Myogenic dilatation
Emergency stage of hyperfunction and hypertrophy
Cardiac tamponade
Cardiosclerosis
Tonogenic dilatation
111 із 200
Nowadays about 50 minor bases have been found in the t-RNA structure besides the main four nitrogenous bases. Choose the minor nitrogenous base:
Dihydrouracil
Adenine
Cysteine
Cytosine
Uracil
112 із 200
A 60-year-old patient fell ill with obturative jaundice as a result of malignant tumour of the big papillary of the duodenal. Lumen of what anatomical structure is compressed by tumour?
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Common hepatic duct
Cystic duct
Right hepatic duct
Left hepatic duct
113 із 200
Thyrotoxicosis leads to increased production of thyroidal hormones T3 and T4, weight loss, tachycardia, psychic excitement and so on. How do thyroidal hormones effect energy metabolism in the mitochondrion of cells?
Disconnect oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation
Stop respiratory chain
Stop substrate phosphorylation
Activate oxidative phosphorylation
Activate substrate phosphorylation
114 із 200
While shifting the gaze to the closely situated object the refracting power of eye’s optical mediums will increase by 10 diopters. It results from changing of such eye structure:
Lens
Liquid of the anterior chamber of eye
Cornea
Muscle that dilatates pupil
Vitreous body
115 із 200
Necrosis focus appeared in the area of hyperemia and skin edema in few hours after burn. What mechanism strengthens destructive effect in the inflammation area?
Secondary alteration
Proliferation of fibroblasts
Diapedesis of erythrocytes
Primary alteration
Emigration of lymphocytes
116 із 200
Analeptical remedy of reflective type from the H-cholinomimetics group was given to the patient for restoration of breathing after poisoning with carbon monoxide. What medicine was prescribed to the patient?
Lobeline hydrochloride
Mesaton
Pentamin
Adrenalin hydrochloride
Atropine sulphate
117 із 200
A patient operated on complicated appendicitis has the following changes of blood count: erythrocytes - 4,0 • 1012/l, Hb - 120 g/l, color index - 0,9, leukocytes - 18 • 109/l, basophils - 0, eosinophils - 0, myelocytes - 0, juvenile - 0, stab neutrophils - 20, segmentonuclear neutrophils - 53, lymphocytes - 21, monocytes - 5. How is such nuclear shift of leukocytic formula called?
Degenerative left shift
Regeneratively-degenerative
Right shift
Regenerative left shift
Hyperregenerative
118 із 200
A patient has got a spasm of smooth muscles of bronchi. Activators of what membrane cytoreceptors are phisiologi-cally reasoned to stop an attack?
^-adrenoreceptors
a- and ^-adrenoreceptors
H-cholinoreceptors
M-cholinoreceptors
119 із 200
Intrapleural pressure of an individual is being measured. In what phase did he hold his breath if the pressure is - 25 cm H2O?
Forced inspiration
Quiet expiration
Quiet inspiration
-
Forced expiration
120 із 200
Blood sampling for the haematology is recommended to carry out on an empty stomach and in the morning. What changes in blood formula are possible if blood sampling was carried out after food intake?
Increase of leukocyte number
Decrease of erythrocyte number
Decrease of thrombocyte number
Increase of erythrocyte number
Increase of plasm proteins
121 із 200
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increased by 20% as a result of prolonged starvation of an individual. The most evident cause of filtration changes under this conditions is:
Decrease of oncotic pressure of blood plasma
Increase of penetration of the renal filter
Increase of filtration coefficient
Increase of renal plasma stream
Increase of systemic blood pressure
122 із 200
The ovary specimen colored with hematoxylin-eosin contains a follicle, in which cubic-shaped follicle epithelium cells are placed in 1-2 layers, and scarlet membrane is seen around the ovocyte. Name this follicle:
Primary
Mature
Secondary
Atretic
Primordial
123 із 200
A 42-year-old man suffering from gout has increased level of urinary acid in blood. Allopurinol was prescribed to decrease the level of urinary acid. Competitive inhibitor of what enzyme is allopurinol?
Xanthine oxidase
Adenosine deaminase
Hypoxanthine phosphoribosi-ltransferase
Adenine phosphoribosiltransferase
Guanine deaminase
124 із 200
A child has inhaled a button. Where is it likely to be?
In the right main bronchus
In the esophagus
In the larynx
In the trachea
In the left main bronchus
125 із 200
A patient with serious damage of muscular tissue was admitted to the traumatological department. What biochemical urine index will be increased in this case?
Creatinine
Common lipids
Glucose
Uric acid
Mineral salts
126 із 200
Donor skin transplantation was performed to a patient with extensive burns. On the 8-th day the graft became swollen and changed colour; on the 11-th day graft rejection started. What cells take part in this process?
T-lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
Erythrocytes
B-lymphocytes
127 із 200
As a result of craniocerebral trauma a patient reveals the following symptoms: intention tremor, dysmetry, adiadochoki-nesis, dysarthria. What structure of the brain is injured?
Cerebellum
Pale sphere
Motor cortex
Black substance
Striatum
128 із 200
A patient with infectious mononucleosis had been taking glucocorticoids for two weeks. He was brought into remission, but he fell ill with acute attack of chronic tonsillitis. What action of glucocorticoids caused this complication?
Antiallergic
Antishock
Antitoxic
Immunosuppressive
Anti-inflammatory
129 із 200
Autopsy of a 12-year-old girl revealed: multiple cutaneous hemmorhages (mostly into the skin of buttocks, lower extremities), serous and mucous memrane hemmorhages, cerebral hemmorhages. Adrenal glands show focal necrosis and massive hemmorhages; kidneys show necrotic nephrosis, suppurative arthritis, iridocyclitis, vasculitis. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Meningococcemia
Periarteritis nodosa
Epidemic typhus
Radiation sickness
Systemic lupus erythematosus
130 із 200
A 68-year-old woman can’t move her upper and lower right extremities due to the stroke. Muscle tone of these extremities and their reflexes are increased. There are pathological reflexes. What form of paralysis is it?
Hemiplegia
Dissociation
Paraplegia
Tetraplegia
Monoplegia
131 із 200
Most participants of Magellan expedition to America died from avi-tominosis. This disease declared itself by general weakness, subcutaneous hemmorhages, falling of teeth, gingival hemmorhages. What is the name of this avitiminosis?
Scurvy
Rachitis
Biermer’s anemia
Polyneuritis (beriberi)
Pellagra
132 із 200
A large-scale reaction with parapertussis and pertussis diagnosticums was made in order to make serological diagnostics of the whooping cough. At the bottom of the test-tubes with diagnosticum of Bordetella parapertussis a granular sediment formed. What antibodies did this reaction reveal?
Agglutinins
Antitoxins
Precipitins
Opsonins
Bacteriolysins
133 із 200
Part of the DNA chain turned 180 degree as a result of gamma radiation. What type of mutation took place in the DNA chain?
Inversion
Translocation
Doubling
Deletion
Replication
134 із 200
While having the dinner the child choked and aspirated the food. Meavy cough has started, skin and mucose are cyanotic, pulse is rapid, respiration is infrequent, expiration is prolonged. What disorder of the external respiration has the child?
Stage of expiratory dyspnea on asphyxia
Biot’s respiration
Alternating respiration
Stage of inspiratory dyspnea on asphyxia
Stenotic respiration
135 із 200
A pregnant woman had been having toxicosis with severe repeated vomiting for 24 hours. In the end of the day there appeared tetanic convulsions and fluid loss. What shift of acid-base state caused these changes?
Excretory alkalosis
Gaseous alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Gaseous acidosis
Excretory acidosis
136 із 200
After a trauma a 44-year-old patient had a rupture of left palm muscle tendons and of the superficial blood vessels. After operation and removal of the most part of the necrotically changed muscle tissue the bloodstream was normalized. What vessels have helped to restore the bloodstream?
Arcus palmaris profundus
Aa. metacarpeae palmares
Arcus palmaris superf icialis
Aa. digitales palmares communes
Aa. perforantes
137 із 200
An 18-year-old patient has enlarged inguinal lymphnodes, they are painless, thickened on palpation. In the area of genital mucous membrane there is a small-sized ulcer with thickened edges and 'laquer' bottom of greyish colour. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Trophic ulcer
Tuberculosis
Lepra
138 із 200
A 45-year-old man applied to the trauma station because of domestic shoulder trauma. Objectively: extension, reduction and pronation functions of the shoulder are absent. What muscle was injured?
Supraspinous muscle
Teres major muscle
Infraspinous muscle
Subscapular muscle
Teres minor muscle
139 із 200
Diagnostic scraping was performed to the woman with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Multiple convoluted glands, ganglially dilated lumens of some glands were revealed histologically in the scrape. Name the type of general pathological process in endometry:
Hyperplasia glandulocystica
Hypertrophic excrescence
Atrophy
Metaplasia
Displasia
140 із 200
Tuberculine was introduced intracutaneously to the child for tuberculin test. Marked hyperemia, tissue infiltration developed on the place of injection in 24 hours. What mechanism caused these modifications?
Cell cytotoxity
Granuloma formation
Reagin type cytotoxity
Immunocomplex cytotoxity
Antibody cytotoxity
141 із 200
An intraoperational biopsy of mammal gland has revealed the signs of atypical tissue presented by disorder of parenchyma stroma proportion with domination of the last, gland structures of different size and shape, lined with singlelayered proliferative epithelium. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Mastitis A.Fibroadenoma
Infiltrative cancer
Noninfiltrative cancer
Papilloma
142 із 200
A 34-year-old patient was diagnosed with chronic glomerulonephritis 3 years ago. Edemata have developed within the last 6 monthes. What caused the edemata?
Proteinuria
Liver dysfunction of protein formation
Hyperproduction of vasopressin
Hyperosmolarity of plasma
Hyperaldosteronism
143 із 200
An old woman was hospitalized with acute pain, edema in the right hip joint; the movements in the joint are limited. Which bone or part of it was broken?
The neck of the thigh
The body of the thigh bone
Condyle of the thigh
Ischial bone
Pubic bone
144 із 200
Concentration of pyruvate is increased in the patient’s blood, the most of which is excreted with urine. What avitaminosis has the patient?
Avitaminosis B i
Avitaminosis B2
Avitaminosis B6
Avitaminosis B3
Avitaminosis E
145 із 200
A patient with suspected diphtheria went through bacterioscopic examination. Examination of throat swab revealed rod-shaped bacteria with volutin granules. What etiotropic preparation should be chosen in this case?
Antidiphtheric antitoxic serum
Bacteriophage
Diphtheria antitoxin
Eubiotic
Interferon
146 із 200
A patient with diabetes mellitus experienced loss of consciousness and convulsions after injection of insulin. What is the result of biochemical blood analysis for concentration of the sugar?
1,5 mmol/L
3,3 mmol/L
10,0 mmol/L
8,0 mmol/L
5,5 mmol/L
147 із 200
A patient working at a chemical plant was admitted to the toxicological department with mercury poisoning. What medicine should be used?
Unithiol
Enterosorbent
Isonitrozin
Activated carbon
Naloxone
148 із 200
A 63-year-old woman shows symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. The increase of what blood indices could be the most significant for proving the diagnosis?
Additive glycosaminoglycans
R-glycosidase
Acid phosphatase
Lipoproteids
General cholesterol
149 із 200
An autopsy revealed large (1-2 cm) brownish-red, easy crumbling formations covering ulcerative defects on the external surface of the aortic valve. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Polypous-ulcerative endocarditis
Diffusive endocarditis
Fibroplastic endocarditis
Acute verrucous endocarditis
Recurrent warty endocarditis
150 із 200
A 7-year-old girl has signs of anemia. Laboratory examination revealed pyruvate kinase deficiency in erythrocytes. What process disturbance plays the main role in anemia development?
Anaerobic glycolysis
Tissue respiration
Peroxide decomposition
Aminoacids desamination
Oxidative phosphorylation
151 із 200
A 5-year-old child who often fells ill with respiratory diseases has eczematous appearances after consumption of some food products, tendency to prolonged course of inflammatory processes. What kind of diathesis can be suspected in this case?
Exudative-catharral
Lymphohypoplastic
Arthritism
Asthenic
Hemmorhagic
152 із 200
Low level of albumins and fibri- nogen was detected in the patient’s blood. Decreased activity of what organelle of the liver hepatocytes can most probably cause it?
Granular endoplasmatic reticulum
Mitochondrions
Agranular endoplasmatic reticulum
Lysosomes
Golgi complex
153 із 200
A duodenal content smear of a patient with indigestion contains protosoa 1018 mcm large. They have piriform bodies, 4 pairs of filaments, two symmetrically located nuclei in the broadened part of body. What kind of the lowest organisms is it?
Lamblia
Trichomonas
Dysentery ameba
Balantidium
Intestinal ameba
154 із 200
A 44-year-old woman complains of common weakness, heart pain, considerable increase of body weigt. Objectively: moon-like face, hirsutism, AP-165/100 mm Hg, height - 164 cm, weight - 103 kg; fat is mostly accumulated in the region of neck, upper shoulder girdle, stomach. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of obesity?
Increased production of glucocorticoids
Decreased production of glucagon
Increased production of insulin
Decreased production of thyroidal hormones
Increased production of mineralocorti-coids
155 із 200
After a serious viral infection a 3-year-old child has repeated vomiting, loss of consciousness, convulsions. Examination revealed hyperammoniemia. What may have caused changes of biochemical blood indices of this child?
Disorder of ammonia neutralization in ornithinic cycle
Increased purtefaction of proteins in intestines
Activated processes of aminoacids decarboxylation
Inhibited activity of transamination enzymes
Disorder of biogenic amines neutralization
156 із 200
Albinos can’t stand sun impact - they don’t aquire sun-tan but get sunburns. Di- sturbed metabolism of what aminoacid underlies this phenomenon?
Phenilalanine
Histidine
Methionine
Tryptophan
Glutamic acid
157 із 200
A 25-year-old patient complained of the decreased vision. Accommodation disorders, dilated pupil, lack of reaction for the light were revealed on examination. What muscles function is disturbed?
Pupil narrowing muscle, ciliary
Pupil narrowing and dilating muscles
Inferior oblique muscle, ciliary
Lateral rectus muscle, pupil narrowing
Pupil dilating muscle, ciliary
158 із 200
A patient with continious bronchopneumonia was admitted to the therapeutic department. Antibiotic therapy didn’t give much effect. What medication for improvement of immune state should be added to the complex treatment of this patient?
Timaline
Analgin
Paracetamol
Benadryl
Sulfocamphocaine
159 із 200
Patient with abscess of the cut wound applied to the traumatological department. In order to clean the wound from the pus doctor washed it with 3% hydrogen peroxide. Foam was absent. What caused the absence of the drug activity?
Inherited insufficiency of catalase
Inherited insufficiency of erythrocyte phosphatdehydrogenase
Shallow wound
Pus in the wound
Low concentration H2O2
160 із 200
Microspecimen of spinal cord contains a nucleus that should be analyzed. Its neurons form motor endings in the skeletal muscles. What nucleus of spinal cord is meant?
Proper nucleus of the anterior horn
Thoracic nucleus
Proper nucleus of the posterior horn
Intermediate lateral nucleus
Proper nucleus of gray substance
161 із 200
Patient with injured muscles of the lower extremities was admitted to the traumatological department. Due to what cells is reparative regeneration of the muscle fibers and restoration of the muscle function possible?
Satellite-cells
Myofibroblasts
Fibroblasts
Myoepithelial cells
Myoblasts
162 із 200
A 50-year-old patient with typhoid fever was treated with Levomycetin, next day his condition became worse, temperature rose to 39,60C. What caused the complication?
The effect of endotoxin agent
Allergic reaction
Irresponsiveness of an agent to the levomycetin
Secondary infection addition
Reinfection
163 із 200
In the specimen of one of the parts of respiratory system a tubular organ was found. It has low epithelium, well developed muscular tunic, glands and cartilage are absent. Name this organ:
Minor bronchs
Larynx
Trachea
Major bronchs
Median bronchs
164 із 200
A physician examined a patient and found inguinal hernia. Through what anatomic formation does it penetrate into the skin?
Hiatus saphenus
Anulus inguinalis superficialis
Lacuna musculorum
Anulus femoralis
Canalis adductorius
165 із 200
A 40-year-old patient complains of intensive heartbeats, sweating, nausea, visual impairment, arm tremor, hypertension. From his anamnesis: 2 years ago he was diagnosed with pheochromocytoma. Hyperproduction of what hormones causes the given pathology?
Catecholamines
Thyroidal hormones
ACTH
Aldosterone
Glucocorticoids
166 із 200
A 58-year-old patient with acute cardiac insufficiency has decreased volume of daily urine oliguria. What is the mechanism of this phenomenon?
Decreased glomerular filtration
Decreased number of functioning glomerules
Reduced permeamility of renal filter
Drop of oncotic blood pressure
Rise of hydrostatic blood pressure in capillars
167 із 200
A 60-year-old man felt asleep after cerebral hemorrhage for a long time. Damage of what structure caused this state?
Reticular formation
Cortex of the large hemispheres
Hippocampus
Nuclears of the cerebral nerves
Black substance
168 із 200
Tuberculosis can be treated by means of combined chemotherapy that includes substances with different mechanisms of action.What antituberculous medication inhibits transcription of RNA into DNA in mycobacteria?
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Para-aminosalicylic acid
Ethionamide
Streptomycin
169 із 200
A patient experienced a sudden temperature rise up to 390C. After 6 hours the temperature normalized. On the 2-nd day the attack recurred: in the period of paroxysm the temperature reached 410C, apyrexial period began after 8 hours. What type of temperature profile is it?
Intermitting
Recurrent
Hectic
Continued
Septic
170 із 200
Cerebral trauma caused increase of ammonia formation. What aminoacid takes part in removal of ammonia from cerebral tissue?
Glutamic
Tryptophan
Valine
Tyrosine
Lisine
171 із 200
Microscopic examination of the sputum of a patient with pneumonia occasionally revealed some larvae. Eosi-nophiles were detected on blood examination. What helminthiasis can be diagnosed?
Ascariasis
Opisthorchosis
Trichocephaliasis
Paragonimiasis
Enterobiosis
172 із 200
A 40-year-old woman was admitted to the infectious diseases department with high body temperature. Objectively: marked meningeal symptoms. A spinal cord punction was made. What anatomic formation was puncturated?
Spatium subarachnoideum
Spatium epidurale
Cavum trigeminale
Cisterna cerebellomedullaris posterior
Spatium subdurale
173 із 200
The energy inputs of a healthy man have been measured. In what state was the patient if his energy inputs were less than the main exchange?
Sleep
Nervous exertion
Easy work
Calmness
Rest
174 із 200
Examination of a newborn boy’s genitals revealed a cleft of urethra that opens on the inferior surface of his penis. What developmental anomaly is meant?
Hypospadia
Monorchism
Hermaphroditism
Cryptorchism
Epispadia
175 із 200
To prevent long-term effects of 4-day malaria a 42-year-old patient was prescribed primaquine. On the 3-rd day from the begin of treatment there appeared stomach and heart pains, dyspepsia, general cyanosis, hemoglobinuria. What caused side effects of the preparation?
Genetic insufficiency of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Drug potentiation by other preparations
Cumulation of the preparation
Delayed urinary excretion of the preparation
Decreased activity of microsomal liver enzymes
176 із 200
A 17-year-old boy fell seriously ill, body temperature rose up to 38,50C, there is cough, rhinitis, lacrimation, nasal discharges. What kind of inflammation is it?
Catarrhal inflammation
Serous inflammation
Fibrinous inflammation
Hemorrhagic inflammation
Suppurative inflammation
177 із 200
A genetics specialist analyzed the genealogy of a family and found that both males and females may have the illness, not across all the generations, and that healthy parents may have ill children. What is the type of illness inheritance?
Autosomal recessive
Y-linked
Autosomal dominant
X-linked recessive
X-linked dominant
178 із 200
A patient who has been treated with diazepam on account of neurosis complains of toothache. Doctor administered him an analgetic, but its dose was lower than average therapeutic dose. What phenomenon did the doctor take into account while prescribing the patient an underdose?
Potentiation
Tolerance
Drug dependence
Cumulation
Summation
179 із 200
Inflammatory process of modified subserous layer around cervix of the uterus caused an intensive pain syndrome. In what region of genitals does the pathological process take place?
Parametrium
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
Mesometrium
180 із 200
Analysis of amniotic fluid that was obtained as a result of amniocentesis (puncture of amniotic sac) revealed cells the nuclei of which contain sex chromatin (Barr’s body). What can it be evidence of?
Development of female fetus
Development of male fetus
Genetic disorders of fetus development
Trisomy
Polyploidy
181 із 200
A 2-year-old child has got intestinal dysbacteriosis, which resultsed in hemorrhagic syndrome. What is the most likely cause of hemorrhage of the child?
Activation of tissue thromboplastin
Hypocalcemia
Fibrinogen deficiency
Vitamin K deficiency
PP hypovitaminosis
182 із 200
Autopsy of a 46-year-old man revealed multiple brown-and-green layers and hemmorhages on the mucous membrane of rectum and sigmoid colon; slime and some blood in colon lumen; histologically - fibrinous colitis. In course of bacteriological analysis of colon contents S.Sonne were found. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Dysentery
Salmonellosis
Cholera
Crohn’s disease
Yersiniosis
183 із 200
A patient had been ill with bronchial asthma for many years and died from asthmatic fit. Histologic lung examination revealed: lumen of bronchioles and small bronches contain a lot of mucus with some eosinophils, there is sclerosis of alveolar septums, dilatation of alveole lumen. What mechanism of development of hypersensibility reaction took place?
Reagin reaction
Immunocomplex reaction
Cytotoxic reaction
Granulomatosis
Cytolysis determined by lymphocytes
184 із 200
To anaesthetize the surgical treatment of burn surface, a patient was intravenously injected a medication for short-acting narcosis. 1 minute later the patient being under anaesthesia showed increased blood pressure, tachycardia, increased tone of skeletal muscles; reflexes remained. After recovering from anaesthesia the patient had disorientation and visual hallucinations. What medication was the patient injected?
Ketamine
Nitrous oxide
Thiopental sodium
Sombrevin
Diethyl ether
185 із 200
Desulfiram is widely used in medical practice to prevent alcocholism. It inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase. Increased level of what metabolite causes aversion to alcochol?
Acetaldehyde
Ethanol
Propionic aldehyde
Malonyl aldehyde
Methanol
186 із 200
A 1-year-old child with symptoms of muscle involvement was admitted to the hospital. Examination revealed carnitine deficiency in his muscles. What process disturbance is the biochemical basis of this pathology?
Transporting of fatty acids to mi-tochodrions
Substrate phosphorylation
Lactic acid utilization
Regulation of Ca2+ level in mi-tochondrions
Actin and myosin synthesis
187 із 200
A patient died from acute cardiac insufficiency. The histological examination of his heart revealed the necrotized section in myocardium of the left ventricle, which was separated from undamaged tissue by the zone of hyperimic vessels, small hemorrhages and leukocytic infiltration. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Myocardial infarction
Diffuse exudate myocarditis
Myocardial ischemic dystrophy
Focal exudate myocarditis
Productive myocarditis
188 із 200
Kidneys of a man under examination show increased resorbtion of calcium ions and decreased resorbtion of phosphate ions. What hormone causes this phenomenon?
Parathormone
Thyrocalcitonin
Aldosterone
Vasopressin
Hormonal form D3
189 із 200
An isolated cell of human heart automatically generates excitation impulses with frequency 60 times pro mi- nute. What structure does this cell belong to?
Sinoatrial node
Ventricle
Atrium
Atrioventricular node
His’ bundle
190 із 200
While preparing a patient to the operation the heart chambers’ pressure was measured. In one of them the pressure changed during one heart cycle from 0 to 120 mm Hg. What chamber of heart was it?
Left ventricle
Left atrium
-
Right atrium
Right ventricle
191 із 200
Part of alveoles of a preterm infant didn’t spread because of enhanced elastic recoil of lungs. How can this recoil be reduced?
By surfactant introduction
By fluid suction from the respiratory tracts
By glycose introduction
By artificial pulmonary ventilation
By pure oxygene inhalation
192 із 200
A young man has a painlessl formation without marked borders in the soft tissues of his thigh. On the tissue bioptate the formation looks like flesh of fish and consists of immature fibroblastlike cells with multiple mitosis growing through the muscles. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Fibrosarcoma
Myoma
Cancer
Myosarcoma
Fibroma
193 із 200
In course of prophylactic medical examination a 7-year-old boy was diagnosed to have daltonism. Parents are healthy, color vision is normal. But grandfather from the mother’s side has the same disorder. What is the type of inheriting of this anomaly?
Recessive, sex-linked
Autosomal-recessive
Dominant, sex-linked
Autosomal-dominant
Incomplete domination
194 із 200
Objective examination of a patient revealed: slender figure, big skull, highly developed frontal region of face, short extremities. What constitutional type is it characteristic for?
Respiratory
Muscular
Digestive
Cerebral
Mixed
195 із 200
A 38-year-old patient died during intractable attack of bronchial asthma. Histologic examination revealed mucus accumulation in bronchial lumen, a lot of fat cells (labrocytes) in the wall of bronches, many of them are in the state of degranulation, there are also a lot of eosinophils. What pathogenesis of bronchial changes is it?
Atopy
Immunocomplex mechanism
Cytotoxic, cytolytic action of antibodies
Cellular cytolysis
Granulomatosis
196 із 200
A patient with thrombophlebitis of lower extremities had got chest pains, blood spitting, growing respiratory failure that caused his death. Autopsy revealed multiple pulmonary infarctions. What is the most probable reason of their development?
Pulmonary artery embolism
Pulmonary venous thrombosis
Bronchial artery thrombosis
Bronchial artery embolism
Pulmonary artery thrombosis
197 із 200
Diabetes mellitus causes ketosis as a result of activated oxidation of fatty acids. What disorders of acid-base equilibrium may be caused by excessive accumulation of ketone bodies in blood?
Metabolic acidosis
Any changes woun’t happen
Metabolic alcalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alcalosis
198 із 200
A woman with 0 (I) bllod group has born a child with AB blood group. This woman’s husband has A blood group. What genetic interaction explains this phenomenon?
Recessive epistasis
Complementation
Codominance
Polymery
Incomplete dominance
199 із 200
A 30-year-old woman was diagnosed with insufficiency of exocrinous function of pancreas. Hydrolisis of what nutrients will be disturbed?
Proteins, fats, carbohydrates
Proteins, fats
Fats, carbohydrates
Proteins, carbohydrates
Proteins
200 із 200
A 39-year-old woman has madescence in the region of mammilla, a small ulcer with inflammatory hyperemia and cutaneous edema. Histologic examination of tissue sampling from this area revealed in the malpighian layer of thickened epidermis atypical cells with light and optically empty cytoplasm, with no intracellular bridges. Such cells were also found in the orifice of big mammal gland ducts. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Paget’s disease
Epidermoid cancer
Melanocarcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Intraductal cancer