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A patient with hypochromic anemia has splitting hair and loss of hair, increased nail brittling and taste alteration. What is the mechanism of the development of these symptoms?
Decreased production of parathyrin
Deficiency of iron-containing enzymes
Deficiency of vitamin A
Deficiency of vitamin B12
Decreased production of thyroid hormones
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A 27-year-old woman has dropped penicillin containing eye drops. In a few minutes there appeared feeling of itching, burning of the skin, lips and eyelids edema, whistling cough, decrease of BP. What imunoglobulins take part in the development of this allergic reaction?
IgM and IgG
IgM and IgD
IgA and IgM
IgE and IgG
IgG and IgD
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A person felt thirsty after staying under the conditions of hot weather for a long time. Signals of what receptors caused it first of all?
Osmoreceptors of hypothalamus
Glucoreceptors of hypothalamus
Baroreceptors of aortic arch
Sodium receptors of hypothalamus
Osmoreceptors of liver
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Slime, blood and protozoa 30-200 microns long have been revealed in a man’s feces. The body is covered with cilias and has correct oval form with a little bit narrowed anterior and wide round shaped posterior end. At the anterior end a mouth is visible. In cytoplasm there are two nucleui and two short vacuoles. What are the described features typical for?
Balantidium
Dysenteric amoeba
Intestinal amoeba
Trichomonas
Lamblia
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A child has got galactosemia. Concentration of glucose in blood has not considerably changed. Deficiency of what enzyme caused this illness?
Amylo-1,6-glucosidase
Phosphoglucomutase
Galactokinase
Galactose-1-phosphate uri-dyltransferase
Hexokinase
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Synthesis of phospholipids is disturbed as a result fatty infiltration of liver. Indicate which of the following substances can enhance the process of methylation during phospholipids synthesis?
Glycerin
Citrate
Ascorbic acid
Glucose
Methionine
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An individual is characterized by rounded face, broad forehead, a mongolian type of eyelid fold, flattened nasal bridge, permanently open mouth, projecting lower lip, protruding tongue, short neck, flat hands, and stubby fingers. What diagnosis can be put to the patient?
Down’s syndrome
Supermales
Turner’s syndrome
Alkaptonuria
Klinefelter’s syndrome
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A patient visited a dentist with complaints of redness and edema of his mouth mucous membrane in a month after dental prosthesis. The patient was diagnosed with allergic stomatitis. What type of allergic reaction by Gell and Cumbs underlies this disease?
Cytotoxic
Delayed type hypersensitivity
Stimulating
Anaphylactic
Immunocomplex
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A patient suffering from trombophlebi-tis of the deep crural veins suddenly died. Autopsy has shown freely lying red friable masses with dim crimped surface in the trunk and bifurcation of the pulmonary artery. What pathologic process was revealed by morbid anatomist?
Tissue embolism
Fat embolism
Tromboembolism
Thrombosis
Embolism with foreign body
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Decreased blood supply to the organs causes hypoxia that activates fibroblasts function. Volume of what elements is increased in this case?
Nerve elements
Parenchymatous elements of an organ
Lymphatic vessels
Vessels of microcircular stream
Intercellular substance
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RNA-polymerase B(II) is blocked due to amanitine poisoning (poison of death-cup). It disturbs:
Synthesis of m-RNA
Maturation of m-RNA
Synthesis of t-RNA
Primers synthesis
Reverse transcription
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Secretion of what gastrointestinal hormones will be primarily decreased as a result of iduodenum removal?
Histamine
Gastrin
Gastrin and histamine
Neurotensin
Cholecystokinin and secretin
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It is planned to use the territory of an old cattle burial ground (which is not used for more than 50 years) for building houses. But ground analysis revealed presence of the pathogen of a very dangerous illness. Which of the indicated microorgonisms is likely to remain in the ground for such a long time?
Mycobacterium bovis
Brucella abortus
Bacillus anthracis
Francisella tularensis
Yersinia pestis
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From the nasopharynx of a 5-year-old child it was excreted a microorganism which is identical to Corynebacterium diphtheriae dose according to morphological and biochemical signs. But this microorganism does not produce exotoxin. As a result of what process can this microorganism become toxigenic?
Cultivation in the telluric environment
Passing through the organism of the sensative animals
Chromosome mutation
Growing with antitoxic serum
Phage conversion
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A patient with encephalopathy was admitted to the neurological inpatient department. There was revealed a correlation between increasing of encephalopathy and substances absorbed by the bloodstream from the intestines. What substances that are formed in the intestines can cause endotoxemia?
Biotin
Butyrate
Acetacetate
Ornithine
Indole
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A 50-year-old man has felt vague abdominal discomfort within past 4 months. Physical examination revealed no lymphadenopathy, and no abdominal masses or organomegaly at palpation. Bowel sounds are heard. An abdominal CT scan shows a 20 cm retroperitoneal soft tissue mass obscuring the left psoas muscle. A stool specimen tested for occult blood is negative. Which of the following neoplasms is this man most likely to have?
Melanoma
Lipoma
Lymphoma
Adenocarcinoma
Hamartoma
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A patient has undergone an amputation of lower extremity. Some time later painful nodules appeared in a stump. Amputatious neuromas were found out at the microscopic examination. To what pathological processes do those formations relate?
Regeneration
Dystrophy
Hyperemia
Inflammation
Metaplasia
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During the fetal period of the development in the vascular system of the fetus a large arterial ( Botallo’s) duct is functioning which converts into lig.arteriosum after birth. What anatomical formations does this duct connect?
Aorta and superior vena cava
Aorta and inferior vena cava
Right and left auricles
Pulmonary trunk and superior vena cava
Pulmonary trunk and aorta
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A 22-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints of heavy nasal breathing. During the examination of her nasal cavity the doctors found thickened mucous membrane, a lot of mucus and nodular infiltrates without erosions in the nose.The nasal rhinoscleroma was diagnosed. The biopsy was taken. What typical morphological changes may be found?
Interstitial inflammation
Granulomas with Mikulicz’s cells
Granulomas with foreign body cells
Granulomas with Virchow’s cells
Granulomas with Langhan’s cells
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Intake of oral contraceptives containing sex hormones inhibits secretion of the hypophysiae hormones. Secretion of which of the indicated hormones is inhibited while taking oral contraceptives with sex hormones?
Follicle-stimulating
Vasopressin
Somatotropic
Thyrotropic
Oxytocin
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A 60-year-old patient was admitted to the surgical department because of infection caused by blue pus bacillus (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) which is sensative to penicillin antibiotics. Indicate which of the given penicillins has marked activity to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Benzylpenicillin
Methicillin
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
Carbenicillin disodium
Oxacillin
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A 45-year-old woman suffers from seasonal allergic rhinitis caused by the ambrosia blossoming. What medicine from the stabilizer of the adipose cells group can be used for prevention of this disease?
Tavegyl
Dimedrol
Phencarol
Diazoline
Ketotifen
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A young man felt acute pain in the back during active drawing up on the horizontal bar. Objectively: pain while moving upper extremity, reduced pronation and adduction functions. Sprain of what muscle can be observed here?
M.subscapularis
M.levator scapulae
M.latissimus dorsi
M.romboideus major
M.trapezius
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A 52-year-old patient has the following diagnosis: systemic amebiasis with involvment of intestines, liver, lungs. What drug should be prescribed?
Enteroseptol
Quiniofone
Tetracycline
Quingamine
Metronidasol
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A 38-year-old man who poisoned himself with mercury dichloride was taken to the admission room in grave condition. What antidote should be immediately introduced?
Dipiroxim
Atropine
Isonitrosine
Nalorphine
Unithiol
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Children often have heavy nasal breathing resulting from excessive development of lymphoid tissue of pharyngeal mucous membrane. What tonsils growth may cause this effect?
Tonsilla lingualis
Tonsilla tubaria
Tonsilla palatina
Tonsilla pharyngea
All above mentioned tonsils
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The alternate usage of dichlotiazide, etacrin acid and lasex did not influence diuretically upon the patient with marked peripheral edemata. The aldosterone rate in the blood is increased. Indicate which medicine should be prescribed:
Urea
Amilorid
Clopamid
Mannit
Spironolacton
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A 46-year-old man complains of difficulties with nasal breathing. Mikulicz’s cells, accumulation of epithelioid cells, plasmocytes, lymphocytes, hyaline balls were discovered in the biopsy material of the thickened nasal mucosa. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Virus rhinitis
Scleroma
Allergic rhinitis
Rhinovirus infection
Meningococcal nasopharyngitis
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A 56-year-old patient complaining of thirst and frequent urination was diagnosed with diabete mellitus. Butamin was prescribed. How does the medicine act?
It inhibits absorption of glucose in the intestines
It relieves transport of glucose through the cells’ membranes
It inhibits o-cells of Langergans’ islets
It helps to absorb the glucose by the cells of the organism tissues
It stimulates 3-cells of Langergans’ islets
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A man who was bitten by the unknown dog applied to the surgeon. Wide ragged woundes were localized on the face. What curative-prophylactic aid should be given to prevent rabies?
Prescribe combined antibiotic therapy
Immediate injection of DPT(Diphtheria, Pertusis, Tetanus) vaccine
Hospitalize the patient and keep under the doctor’s supervision
Start immunisation with rabies vaccine
Immediately inject normal gamma globulin
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A patient with clinical signs of immunodeficiency has no changes of the number and functional activity of T- and B- lymphocytes. Defect with disfunction of antigen-presentation to the immunocompetent cells was found during examinatio on the molecule level. Defect of what cells is the most probable?
NK-cells
Fibroblasts, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes
Macrophages, monocytes
0- lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes
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A 38-year-old woman was admitted to the admission-diagnostic department with uterine bleeding. What are the most likely changes of blood?
Increase of haematocrite rate
Reduction of haematocrite rate
Leukopenia
Leucocytosis
Polycythemia
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A 60-year-old patient has reduced perception of high-frequency sounds. What structures’ disorder of auditory analizer caused these changes?
Eustachian tube
Main membrane of cochlea near the oval window
Main membrane of cochlea near heli-cotrema
Muscles of middle ear
Tympanic membrane
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The effect of electric current on the exitable cell caused depolarization of its membrane. Movement of what ions through the membrane caused depolarisation?
HCO3
C l3
Na+
C a2+
K+
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Live vaccine was injected into the human body. Increasing activity of what connective tissue cells can be expected?
Plasmocytes and lymphocytes
Fibroblasts and labrocytes
Macrophages and fibroblasts
Adipocytes and adventitious cells
Pigmentocytes and pericytes
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When a patient with traumatic impairment of the brain was examined, it was discovered that he had stopped to distinguish displacement of an object on the skin. What part of the brain was damaged?
Frontal zone
Occipital zone of the cortex
Parietal zone of the cortex
Frontal central gurus
Posterior central gurus
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In the blood of a 26-year-old man 18% of erythrocytes of the spherical, ballshaped, flat and spinous shape have been revealed. Other eritrocytes were in form of the concavo-concave disks. How is this phenomenon called?
Pathological anisocytosis
Physiological poikilocytosis
Pathological poikilocytosis
Erytrocytosis
Physiological anisocytosis
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A 10-year-old girl often experiences acute respiratory infections with multiple punctate haemorrages in the places of clothes friction. Hypovitaminosis of what vitamin has the girl?
A
B 1
B 2
C
B6
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Different functional groups can be presented in the structure of L-amino acid’s radicals. Identify the group that is able to form ester bond:
- NH 2
- CH 3
- SH
-OH
- CONH 2
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Moving of the daughter chromatids to the poles of the cell is observed in the mi-totically dividing cell. At what stage of the mitotic cycle is this cell?
Metaphase
Anaphase
Prophase
Telophase
Interphase
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During examination of a patient, there was found a neoplasm in the white substance of cerebral hemispheres with localization in the knee and frontal part of posterior crus of internal capsule. Fibres of what conductive tract of the brain will be disrupted?
Tr. thalamocorticalis
Tr. f rontopontinus
Tr. parietooccipitopontinus
Tr. pyramidalis
Tr. frontothalamicus
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A patient with diabetes mellitus has been delivered in hospital in the state of unconsciousness. Arterial pressure is low. The patient has acidosis. Point substances, which accumulation in the blood results in these manifestations:
Monosaccharides
Amino acids
Cholesterol esters
High fatty acids
Ketone bodies
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A person has steady HR not exceeding 40 bpm. What is the pacemaker of this person’s heart rhythm?
His’ bundle
Branches of His’ bundle
Sinoatrial node
Purkinje’s fibers
Atrioventricular node
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A doctor administered Allopurinol to a 26-year-old young man with the symptoms of gout. What pharmacological action of Allopurinol ensures therapeutical effect?
By increasing uric acid excretion
By inhibiting leucocyte migration into the joint
By general analgetic effect
By general anti-inflammatory effect
By inhibiting uric acid synthesis
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A patient who came to the doctor because of his infertility was administered to make tests for toxoplasmosis and chronic gonorrhoea. Which reaction should be performed to reveal latent toxoplasmosis and chronic gonorrhoea of the patient?
RIHA - Reverse indirect hemagglutination assay
IFA - Immunofluorescence assay
Immunoblot analysis
(R)CFT- Reiter’s complement fixation test
RDHA - Reverse direct hemagglutination assay
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Under some diseases it is observed aldosteronism accompanied by hypertension and edema due to sodium retention in the organism. What organ of the internal secretion is affected under aldosteronism?
Testicle
Hypophysis
Pancreas
Adrenal glands
Ovaries
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A patient had been taking glucocorticoids for a long time. When the preparation was withdrawn he developed the symptoms of disease aggravation, decreased blood pressure and weakness. What is the reason of this condition?
Sensibilization
Appearance of adrenal insufficiency
Hyperproduction of ACTH
Cumulation
Habituation
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A patient has tissue ischemia below the knee joint accompanied with intermittent claudication. What artery occlusion should be suspected?
Popliteal artery
Peroneal artery
Posterior tibial artery
Proximal part of femoral artery
Anterior tibial artery
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An experiment proved that UV-radiated cells of patients with xeroderma pigmentosum restore the native DNA structure slower than cells of healthy individuals as a result of reparation enzyme defection. What enzyme helps this process?
Endonuclease
DNA gyirase
DNA polymerase III
Primase
RNA ligase
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A patient, who suffers from congenital erythropoietic porphyria, has skin photosensitivity. The accumulation of what compound in the skin cells can cause it?
Protoporphyrin
Coproporphyrinogen 3
Uroporphyrinogen 2
Heme
Uroporphyrinogen 1
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A sick man with high temperature and a lot of tiny wounds on the body has been admitted to the hospital. Lice have been found in the folds of his clothing. What disease can be suspected?
Plague
Scabies
Malaria
Tularemia
Epidemic typhus
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A patient with suspicion on epidemic typhus was admitted to the hospital. Some arachnids and insects have been found in his flat. Which of them may be a carrier of the pathogen of epidemic typhus?
Spiders
Bed-bugs
Lice
Houseflies
Cockroaches
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A businessman came to India from South America. On examination the physician found that the patient was suffering from sleeping-sickness. What was the way of invasion?
After contact with sick dogs
As a result of mosquito’s bites
With contaminated fruits and vegetables
As a result of bug’s bites
Through dirty hands
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Patients with bile ducts obstruction suffer from inhibition of blood coagulation, bleedings as a result of low level of vitamin assimilation. What vitamin is in deficiency?
K
Carotene
E
A
D
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Blood analysis of a patient showed signs of HIV infection (human immunodeficiency virus). Which cells does HIV-virus primarily affect?
Mast cells
Proliferating cells (stem hematoplastic cells)
Cells that contain receptor IgM (B-lymphocytes)
Specialized nervous cells (neurons)
Cells that contain receptor T4 (T-helpers)
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The preventive radioprotector was given to a worker of a nuclear power station. What mechanism from the below mentioned is considered to be the main mechanism of radioprotection?
Increasing of tissue blood supply
Activation of oxidation reactions
Increasing of respiration
Prevention of tissue’s hypoxia
Inhibition of free radicals formation
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The pulmonalis embolism has suddenly developed in a 40-year-old patient with opened fracture of the hip. Choose the possible kind of embolism:
Tissue
Foreign body
Air
Thrombus-embolus
Fat
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A patient’s blood was analyzed and the decreased erythrocyte’s sedimentation rate (ESR) was discovered. What disease from the listed below is accompanied with decreased ESR?
Vitamin B deficiency
Splenomegaly
Polycytemia
Myocardial infarction
Hepatitis
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A 46-year-old patient has complained of headache, fatigue, thirst, pains in the spine and joints for the last 2 years. Clinically observed disproportional enlargement of hands, feet, nose, superciliary arches. He notes that he needed to buy bigger shoes three times. What is the main reason of such disproporti-onal enlargement of different parts of the body?
Joints dystrophy development
Increased sensitivity of the tissues to growth hormone
Cartilaginous tissue proliferation under growth hormone influence
Joints chronic inflammation development
Increased sensitivity of the tissues to insulin
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A mother of a newborn complains of her baby’s constant belching with undigested milk. Which developmental anomaly is it an evidence of?
Anal atresia
Esophageal fistula
Faux lupinum
Esophageal atresia
Labium leporium
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During the endoscopy the inflammation of a major papilla of the duodenum and the disturbances of bile secretion were found. In which part of duodenum were the problems found?
Descendent part
Bulb
Ascendant part
Lower horizontal part
Upper horizontal part
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An 18-year-old patient came to the out-patient department with the complaints of bleeding trauma in the vestibule of his nose. On examination: the mechanical injury of the mucous layer of the vestibule without continuation into nasal cavity proper. What is the boundary between the vestibule and nasal cavity proper?
Choanes
Nasal septa
Nostrils
Nasal limen
Nasal roller
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A 50-year-old patient was injured on the occipital region of the head. The closed skull trauma was diagnosed. She was taken to the hospital. The medical examination: deregulation of walking and balance, trembling of arms. What part of brain was injured?
The medulla oblongata
The spinal cord
The cerebellum
The mind-brain
The inter-brain
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A patient with complaints of dryness in the mouth, photophobia and vision impairment was admitted to the reception-room. Skin is hyperemic, dry, pupils are dilated, tachycardia. Poisoning with belladonna alkaloids was diagnosed on further examination. What medicine should be prescribed?
Pilocarpine
Dipiroxim
Diazepam
Armine
Prozerin
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Autopsy revealed that right lung is enlarged, solid, there are fibrin layers on the pleura. Lung tissue is light grey color on incision with muddy liqued exudates. What lung disease are these symptoms typical for?
Croupous pneumonia
Interstitial pneumonia
Bronchopneumonia
Pulmonary gangrene
Fibrosing alveolitis
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During the operation on the hip joint of a 5-year-old child her ligament was damaged which caused bleeding.What ligament was damaged?
Iliofemoral
Perpendicular of the acetabule
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral
The head of the thigh
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On autopsy it was revealed: pia mater of the upper parts of cerebral hemisphere is plethoric, of yellowish-green color, soaked with purulent and fibrose exudate, looks like a cap. What disease is it typical for?
Meningococcal meningitis
Grippal meningitis
Meningitis connected with anthrax
Meningitis connected with typhus
Tuberculous meningitis
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A 55-year-old patient with continuing ventricular arrhythmias was admitted to the hospital. The patient is taking timolol drops for glaucoma, daily insulin injections for diabetes mellitus, and an ACE inhibitor for hypertension. You have decided to use phenytoin instead of procainamide. What is the reason?
The local anesthetic effect of procainamide would potentiate diabetes
The local anesthetic effect of procainamide would aggravate the hypertension
The cholinergic effects of procainamide would aggravate the diabetes
The hypertensive effects of procainamide would aggravate the hypertension
The anticholinergic effect of procainamide would aggravate glaucoma
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A 35-year-old man under the treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis has acute pain onset of right big toe, swelling, and low-grade fever. The gouty arthritis was diagnosed and high serum uric acid level was found. Which of the following antituberculous drugs are known for causing high uric acid levels?
Cycloserine
Pyrazinamide
Thiacetazone
Aminosalicylic acid
Rifampicin
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A person was selling 'homemade pork' sausages at the market. State sanitary inspector suspected falcification of the sausages. What serological immune reaction can identifiy food substance?
Indirect hemagglutination test
Immunofluorescence test
Precipitation test
Agglutination test
Complement-fixation test
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A patient with rheumatoid arthritis who had been treated with indometacin has got signs of gastropathy. What activity of the drug can this complication be connected with?
Anticyclooxygenase
Antihistamine
Antikinine
Antiserotonin
Locally irritating
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A 25-year-old woman with red and itchy eczematoid dermatitis visits your office. She had a dental procedure one day earlier with administration of a local anesthetic. There were no other findings, although she indicated that she had a history of allergic reactions. Which of the following drugs is most likely involved?
Lidocaine
Cocaine
Procaine
Etidocaine
Bupivacaine
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In course of metabolic process active forms of oxygen including superoxide anion radical are formed in the human body. By means of what enzyme is this anion inactivated?
Glutathionereductase
Catalase
Peroxidase
Superoxide dismutase
Glutathioneperoxidase
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A patient has elbow joint trauma with avulsion of medial epicondyle of humerus. What nerve can be damaged in this trauma?
Cardiac cutaneous nerve
Radial
Musculocutaneous nerve
Ulnar
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
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A student is writing a thorough summary of a lecture. Quality of summarizing has considerably worsened when his neighbours started talking. What kind of inhibition in the cerebral cortex caused this effect?
External
Fading
Differentiated
Protective
Delayed
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While enrolling a child to school Mantu’s test was made to define whether revaccination was needed. The test result is negative. What does this test result mean?
Presence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus
Absence of antitoxic immunity to the tuberculosis
Absence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis
Presence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis
Absence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus
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The donor who didn’t donate the blood for a long time was investigated with IFA method. AntiHBs antibodies were revealed. What does positive result of IFA in this case mean?
Acute hepatitis C
Previous hepatitis B
Chronic hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis B
Chronic hepatitis C
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Testosterone and it’s analogs increase the mass of skeletal muscles that allows to use them for treatment of dystrophy. Due to interaction of the hormone with what cell substrate is this action caused?
Membrane receptors
Proteins-activators of transcription
Nuclear receptors
Ribosomes
Chromatin
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Inhibition of o-motoneuron of the extensor muscles was noticed after stimulation of omotoneuron of the flexor muscles during the experiment on the spinal cord. What type of inhibition is this process based upon?
Lateral
Recurrent
Depolarizational
Reciprocal
Presynaptic
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A patient who has been strictly keeping to a certain diet for 10 days went through examination of respiratory coeffi- cient. It was determined that it was equal 1. What have the patient been keeping to?
With domination of proteins and fat
With domination of fat and carbohydrates
With domination of proteins and carbohydrates
With domination of carbohydrates
Mixed
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Buffer capacity of a worker’s blood was decreased due to exhausting muscular work. By coming of what acid substance in the blood can this state be explained?
Lactate
Pyruvate
o-ketoglutarate
3- phosphoglycerate
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
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Examination of initial molecular structure revealed substitution of the glutamic acid by valine. What inherited pathology is it typical for?
Favism
Minkowsky-Shauffard disease
Hemoglobinosis
Thalassemia
Sickle-cell anemia
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Inflamation is characterised by increased permeability of vessels of microcirculation stream, increase of their hydrodynamic blood pressure. Increasing of the osmotic concentration and dispersi-ty of protein structures is present in the intercellular fluid. What kind of edema will appear in this case?
Lymphogenic
Hydrodynamic
Membranogenic
Mixed
Colloid-osmotic
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Increased fragility of vessels, enamel and dentine destruction resulting from scurvy are caused by disorder of collagen maturation. What stage of procollagen modification is disturbed under this avitaminosis?
Formation of polypeptide chains
Detaching of N-ended peptide
Hydroxylation of proline
Removal of C-ended peptide from procollagen
Glycosylation of hydroxylysine residues
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Scraps of the mycelium of a fungus, spores, air bubbles and fat drops were discovered on microscopy of the patient’s hair excluded from the infected areas. What fungus disease is characterised by this microscopic picture?
Microspory
Favus
Sporotrichosis
Trichophytosis
Epidermophytosis
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On autopsy of the 58-year-old man it was revealed: mitral valve is deformed, thickened, not totally closed. Microscopically: foci of collagen fibers are eosinophilic, have positive fibrin reaction. The most likely it is:
Hyalinosis
Fibrinoid swelling
Amyloidosis
Mucoid swelling
Fibrinoid inflammation
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Hypertrychosis of auricles is caused by a gene that is localized in Y-chromosome. Father has this feature. What is the probability to give birth to a boy with such anomaly?
0 %
35 %
25 %
75 %
100%
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A 54-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with complaints of pain in the right subcostal region, vomiting with blood. Objectively: enlarged liver, varicose veins in the stomach and esophagus. Disfunction of what vessel is likely to have taken place?
Vena hepatica
Vena cava inferior
Aorta abdominalis
Vena porta
Vena cava superior
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A 37-year-old man was admitted to the surgical department with the symptoms of acute pancreatitis: vomiting, diarrhea, bradycardia, hypotention, weakness, dehydration of the organism. What medicine should be used first of all?
No-spa
Ephedrine
Contrycal
Platyphylline
Etaperazine
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A person has reduced diuresis, hypernatremia, hypokalemia. Hypersecretion of what hormone can cause such changes?
Adrenalin
Parathormone
Auricular sodiumuretic factor
Vasopressin
Aldosterone
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Microspecimen of red bone marrow contains multiple capillares through the walls of which mature blood cells penetrate into the bloodstream. What type of capillares are these?
Visceral
Sinusoidal
Fenestrational
Somatical
Lymphatic
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A 57-year-old patient was admitted to the gastroenterological department with suspicion of Zollinger-Ellison syndrom because of rapid increase of gastrin level in the blood serum. What is the most probable disorder of the secretory function of stomach?
Hyperacidic hyposecretion
Hypoacidic hypersecretion
Achylia
Hyperacidic hypersecretion
Hypoacidic hyposecretion
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For a long time a 49-year-old woman had suffered from glomerulonephritis which caused death. The autopsy revealed that the size of her kidneys was 7 x 3 x 2,5 cm, weight 65,0 g, they were dense and small-grained. Microscopically: fibrinogenous inflammation of serous and mucous membranes, dystrophic changes of parenchymatous organs, brain edema. What complication can cause such changes of serous membranes and inner organs?
Uraemia
Thrombopenia
Anemia
Sepsis
DIC-syndrome
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Upper neck node of sympathetic trunk was removed from the rabbit on experiment. Reddening and increased temperature of the skin of head is observed. What disorder of peripheral circulation of the blood has developed?
Neurotonic arterial hyperemia
Stasis
Neuroparalytic arterial hyperemia
Metabolic arterial hyperemia
Venous hyperemia
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A tissue sample of benign tumor was studied under the electron microscope. A lot of small (15-20 nm) spherical bodies, consisting of 2 unequal subunits were detected. These are :
Microtubules
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Golgi complex
Ribosomes
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A woman who was infected with toxoplasmosis during the pregnancy has born a child with multiple congenital defects.This is a result of:
Biological mutogenesis
Recombination
Cancerogenesis
Chemical mutogenesis
Teratogenesis
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A considerable increase of activity of MB-forms of CPK (creatinephosphoki-nase) and LDH-1 was revealed on the examination of patient’s blood. What is the most likely pathology?
Miocardial infarction
Cholecystitis
Pancreatitis
Rheumatism
Hepatitis
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An isolated muscle of a frog is rhythmically irritated with electric impulses. Every next impulse is in a period of relaxation from the previus contraction. What contraction of the muscle occurs?
Tonic
Waved tetanus
Asynchronous
Single
Continuous (smooth) tetanus
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A 16-year-old boy was performed an appendectomy. He has been hospitalized for right lower quadrant abdominal pain within 18 hours. The surgical specimen is edematous and erythematous. Infiltration by what of the following cells is the most typical for the process occuring here?
Limphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Basophils
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ATP synthesis is totaly blocked in a cell. How will the value of membrane rest potential change?
First it will increase, then decrease
It will be considerably increased
First it will decrease, then increase
It will be slightly increased
It will disappear
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A patient who was previously ill with mastectomy as a result of breast cancer was prescribed radiation therapy. What vitamin preparation has marked radioprotective action caused by antioxidant activity?
Folic acid
Riboflavin
Ergocalciferol
Thiamine chloride
Tocopherol acetate
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A patient with tissue trauma was taken a blood sample for the determination of blood clotting parameters. Specify the right sequence of extrinsic pathway activation:
III - VIII: TF - Xa
IV - VIIa - Xa
III - IV - Xa
III - Vila - Xa
IV - VIII: TF - Xa
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Autopsy of a man who died from chronic cardiacvascular collapse revealed 'tiger heart'. Sidewards of endocardium a yellowish-white banding can be seen; myocardium is dull, darkyellow. What process caused this pathology?
Fatty parenchymatous degeneration
Hyaline degeneration
Fatty vascular-stromal degeneration
Amyloidosis
Carbohydrate degeneration
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Parents with an ill child consulted an infectionist. They had been working in one of Asian countries for a long time. The child has sallow skin, loss of appetite, laxity, enlarged liver, spleen, peripheral lymph nodes. What protozoal illness can be suspected?
Visceral leishmaniasis
Balantidiasis
Amebiasis
Toxoplasmosis
Lambliasis
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Healthy parents have got a fairhaired, blue-eyed girl. Irritability, anxiety, sleep and feeding disturbance developed in the first months of the infant’s life. Neurological examination revealed developmental lag. What method of genetic investigation should be used for the exact diagnosis?
Population-statistical
Cytological
Genealogical
Biochemical
Gemellary
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The process of heart transplantation determined the viability of myocardial cells. The determination of what myocardium parameter is the most important?
Concentration of oxygen in heart vessels
Rest potential of cardiomyocytes
Heart temperature
Concentration of Ca-ions in heart vessels
Concentration of calcium-ions in myofibrils
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The calcium canals of cardiomyocytes have been blocked on an isolated rabbit’s heart. What changes in the heart’s activity can result from it?
Heart stops in systole
Decreased force of the contraction
Decreased heart beat rate
Heart stops in diastole
Decreased rate and force of heart beat
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Microscopic examination of the enlarged neck gland of a 14-year-old girl revealed destruction of the tissue structure of the node, absence of the lymph follicles, sclerotic areas and necrosis foci, cell constitution of the node is polymorphous, lymphocites, eosinophi-les, big atypical cells with multilobular nuclei (Beresovsky-Sternberg cells) and mononuclear cells of the large size are present. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Lymphogranulomatosis
Berkitt’s lymphoma
Acute lympholeucosis
Chronic lympholeucosis
Fungoid mycosis
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As a result of the damage of one of the Atomic Power Plant reactors the runout of radioelements took place. People in the high-radiation area were radiated with approximately 250-300 r. They were immediately hospitalized. What changes in the blood count would be typical for the victims?
Thrombopenia
Leukopenia
Lymphopenia
Neutropenia
Anemia
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Dystrophic alterations of heart are accompanied with dilation of heart cavities, decreased force of heart contractions, increased blood volume that remains during systole in the heart cavity, vein overfill. What heart condition is it typiccal for?
Tonogenic dilatation
Myogenic dilatation
Cardiac tamponade
Cardiosclerosis
Emergency stage of hyperfunction and hypertrophy
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Nowadays about 50 minor bases have been found in the t-RNA structure besides the main four nitrogenous bases. Choose the minor nitrogenous base:
Dihydrouracil
Cysteine
Cytosine
Uracil
Adenine
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A 60-year-old patient fell ill with obturative jaundice as a result of malignant tumour of the big papillary of the duodenal. Lumen of what anatomical structure is compressed by tumour?
Common hepatic duct
Right hepatic duct
Left hepatic duct
Cystic duct
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
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Thyrotoxicosis leads to increased production of thyroidal hormones T3 and T4, weight loss, tachycardia, psychic excitement and so on. How do thyroidal hormones effect energy metabolism in the mitochondrion of cells?
Stop respiratory chain
Disconnect oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation
Activate substrate phosphorylation
Stop substrate phosphorylation
Activate oxidative phosphorylation
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While shifting the gaze to the closely situated object the refracting power of eye’s optical mediums will increase by 10 diopters. It results from changing of such eye structure:
Vitreous body
Lens
Liquid of the anterior chamber of eye
Cornea
Muscle that dilatates pupil
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Necrosis focus appeared in the area of hyperemia and skin edema in few hours after burn. What mechanism strengthens destructive effect in the inflammation area?
Proliferation of fibroblasts
Diapedesis of erythrocytes
Emigration of lymphocytes
Primary alteration
Secondary alteration
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Analeptical remedy of reflective type from the H-cholinomimetics group was given to the patient for restoration of breathing after poisoning with carbon monoxide. What medicine was prescribed to the patient?
Adrenalin hydrochloride
Lobeline hydrochloride
Mesaton
Atropine sulphate
Pentamin
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A patient operated on complicated appendicitis has the following changes of blood count: erythrocytes - 4,0 • 1012/l, Hb - 120 g/l, color index - 0,9, leukocytes - 18 • 109/l, basophils - 0, eosinophils - 0, myelocytes - 0, juvenile - 0, stab neutrophils - 20, segmentonuclear neutrophils - 53, lymphocytes - 21, monocytes - 5. How is such nuclear shift of leukocytic formula called?
Degenerative left shift
Regenerative left shift
Hyperregenerative
Right shift
Regeneratively-degenerative
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A patient has got a spasm of smooth muscles of bronchi. Activators of what membrane cytoreceptors are phisiologi-cally reasoned to stop an attack?
^-adrenoreceptors
a- and ^-adrenoreceptors
M-cholinoreceptors
H-cholinoreceptors
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Intrapleural pressure of an individual is being measured. In what phase did he hold his breath if the pressure is - 25 cm H2O?
Quiet expiration
-
Forced expiration
Quiet inspiration
Forced inspiration
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Blood sampling for the haematology is recommended to carry out on an empty stomach and in the morning. What changes in blood formula are possible if blood sampling was carried out after food intake?
Increase of leukocyte number
Decrease of thrombocyte number
Increase of erythrocyte number
Decrease of erythrocyte number
Increase of plasm proteins
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Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increased by 20% as a result of prolonged starvation of an individual. The most evident cause of filtration changes under this conditions is:
Increase of renal plasma stream
Increase of filtration coefficient
Increase of penetration of the renal filter
Increase of systemic blood pressure
Decrease of oncotic pressure of blood plasma
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The ovary specimen colored with hematoxylin-eosin contains a follicle, in which cubic-shaped follicle epithelium cells are placed in 1-2 layers, and scarlet membrane is seen around the ovocyte. Name this follicle:
Primordial
Primary
Secondary
Atretic
Mature
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A 42-year-old man suffering from gout has increased level of urinary acid in blood. Allopurinol was prescribed to decrease the level of urinary acid. Competitive inhibitor of what enzyme is allopurinol?
Xanthine oxidase
Adenine phosphoribosiltransferase
Adenosine deaminase
Guanine deaminase
Hypoxanthine phosphoribosi-ltransferase
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A child has inhaled a button. Where is it likely to be?
In the larynx
In the left main bronchus
In the right main bronchus
In the esophagus
In the trachea
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A patient with serious damage of muscular tissue was admitted to the traumatological department. What biochemical urine index will be increased in this case?
Mineral salts
Uric acid
Common lipids
Glucose
Creatinine
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Donor skin transplantation was performed to a patient with extensive burns. On the 8-th day the graft became swollen and changed colour; on the 11-th day graft rejection started. What cells take part in this process?
T-lymphocytes
Basophils
Eosinophils
Erythrocytes
B-lymphocytes
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As a result of craniocerebral trauma a patient reveals the following symptoms: intention tremor, dysmetry, adiadochoki-nesis, dysarthria. What structure of the brain is injured?
Black substance
Striatum
Cerebellum
Motor cortex
Pale sphere
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A patient with infectious mononucleosis had been taking glucocorticoids for two weeks. He was brought into remission, but he fell ill with acute attack of chronic tonsillitis. What action of glucocorticoids caused this complication?
Antishock
Antitoxic
Immunosuppressive
Antiallergic
Anti-inflammatory
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Autopsy of a 12-year-old girl revealed: multiple cutaneous hemmorhages (mostly into the skin of buttocks, lower extremities), serous and mucous memrane hemmorhages, cerebral hemmorhages. Adrenal glands show focal necrosis and massive hemmorhages; kidneys show necrotic nephrosis, suppurative arthritis, iridocyclitis, vasculitis. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Radiation sickness
Epidemic typhus
Periarteritis nodosa
Meningococcemia
Systemic lupus erythematosus
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A 68-year-old woman can’t move her upper and lower right extremities due to the stroke. Muscle tone of these extremities and their reflexes are increased. There are pathological reflexes. What form of paralysis is it?
Dissociation
Monoplegia
Hemiplegia
Paraplegia
Tetraplegia
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Most participants of Magellan expedition to America died from avi-tominosis. This disease declared itself by general weakness, subcutaneous hemmorhages, falling of teeth, gingival hemmorhages. What is the name of this avitiminosis?
Scurvy
Polyneuritis (beriberi)
Pellagra
Biermer’s anemia
Rachitis
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A large-scale reaction with parapertussis and pertussis diagnosticums was made in order to make serological diagnostics of the whooping cough. At the bottom of the test-tubes with diagnosticum of Bordetella parapertussis a granular sediment formed. What antibodies did this reaction reveal?
Antitoxins
Agglutinins
Bacteriolysins
Precipitins
Opsonins
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Part of the DNA chain turned 180 degree as a result of gamma radiation. What type of mutation took place in the DNA chain?
Inversion
Deletion
Translocation
Doubling
Replication
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While having the dinner the child choked and aspirated the food. Meavy cough has started, skin and mucose are cyanotic, pulse is rapid, respiration is infrequent, expiration is prolonged. What disorder of the external respiration has the child?
Stage of inspiratory dyspnea on asphyxia
Stenotic respiration
Stage of expiratory dyspnea on asphyxia
Biot’s respiration
Alternating respiration
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A pregnant woman had been having toxicosis with severe repeated vomiting for 24 hours. In the end of the day there appeared tetanic convulsions and fluid loss. What shift of acid-base state caused these changes?
Gaseous acidosis
Excretory acidosis
Gaseous alkalosis
Excretory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
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After a trauma a 44-year-old patient had a rupture of left palm muscle tendons and of the superficial blood vessels. After operation and removal of the most part of the necrotically changed muscle tissue the bloodstream was normalized. What vessels have helped to restore the bloodstream?
Aa. metacarpeae palmares
Arcus palmaris superf icialis
Aa. digitales palmares communes
Aa. perforantes
Arcus palmaris profundus
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An 18-year-old patient has enlarged inguinal lymphnodes, they are painless, thickened on palpation. In the area of genital mucous membrane there is a small-sized ulcer with thickened edges and 'laquer' bottom of greyish colour. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Tuberculosis
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Trophic ulcer
Lepra
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A 45-year-old man applied to the trauma station because of domestic shoulder trauma. Objectively: extension, reduction and pronation functions of the shoulder are absent. What muscle was injured?
Infraspinous muscle
Teres major muscle
Teres minor muscle
Supraspinous muscle
Subscapular muscle
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Diagnostic scraping was performed to the woman with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Multiple convoluted glands, ganglially dilated lumens of some glands were revealed histologically in the scrape. Name the type of general pathological process in endometry:
Displasia
Metaplasia
Hyperplasia glandulocystica
Atrophy
Hypertrophic excrescence
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Tuberculine was introduced intracutaneously to the child for tuberculin test. Marked hyperemia, tissue infiltration developed on the place of injection in 24 hours. What mechanism caused these modifications?
Cell cytotoxity
Reagin type cytotoxity
Granuloma formation
Immunocomplex cytotoxity
Antibody cytotoxity
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An intraoperational biopsy of mammal gland has revealed the signs of atypical tissue presented by disorder of parenchyma stroma proportion with domination of the last, gland structures of different size and shape, lined with singlelayered proliferative epithelium. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Noninfiltrative cancer
Mastitis A.Fibroadenoma
Papilloma
Infiltrative cancer
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A 34-year-old patient was diagnosed with chronic glomerulonephritis 3 years ago. Edemata have developed within the last 6 monthes. What caused the edemata?
Proteinuria
Hyperproduction of vasopressin
Hyperaldosteronism
Liver dysfunction of protein formation
Hyperosmolarity of plasma
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An old woman was hospitalized with acute pain, edema in the right hip joint; the movements in the joint are limited. Which bone or part of it was broken?
Ischial bone
The neck of the thigh
Pubic bone
The body of the thigh bone
Condyle of the thigh
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Concentration of pyruvate is increased in the patient’s blood, the most of which is excreted with urine. What avitaminosis has the patient?
Avitaminosis B3
Avitaminosis E
Avitaminosis B6
Avitaminosis B i
Avitaminosis B2
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A patient with suspected diphtheria went through bacterioscopic examination. Examination of throat swab revealed rod-shaped bacteria with volutin granules. What etiotropic preparation should be chosen in this case?
Diphtheria antitoxin
Antidiphtheric antitoxic serum
Eubiotic
Interferon
Bacteriophage
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A patient with diabetes mellitus experienced loss of consciousness and convulsions after injection of insulin. What is the result of biochemical blood analysis for concentration of the sugar?
5,5 mmol/L
3,3 mmol/L
8,0 mmol/L
1,5 mmol/L
10,0 mmol/L
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A patient working at a chemical plant was admitted to the toxicological department with mercury poisoning. What medicine should be used?
Enterosorbent
Naloxone
Unithiol
Isonitrozin
Activated carbon
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A 63-year-old woman shows symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. The increase of what blood indices could be the most significant for proving the diagnosis?
Lipoproteids
Additive glycosaminoglycans
Acid phosphatase
General cholesterol
R-glycosidase
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An autopsy revealed large (1-2 cm) brownish-red, easy crumbling formations covering ulcerative defects on the external surface of the aortic valve. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Diffusive endocarditis
Fibroplastic endocarditis
Acute verrucous endocarditis
Recurrent warty endocarditis
Polypous-ulcerative endocarditis
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A 7-year-old girl has signs of anemia. Laboratory examination revealed pyruvate kinase deficiency in erythrocytes. What process disturbance plays the main role in anemia development?
Peroxide decomposition
Anaerobic glycolysis
Oxidative phosphorylation
Tissue respiration
Aminoacids desamination
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A 5-year-old child who often fells ill with respiratory diseases has eczematous appearances after consumption of some food products, tendency to prolonged course of inflammatory processes. What kind of diathesis can be suspected in this case?
Asthenic
Exudative-catharral
Lymphohypoplastic
Arthritism
Hemmorhagic
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Low level of albumins and fibri- nogen was detected in the patient’s blood. Decreased activity of what organelle of the liver hepatocytes can most probably cause it?
Mitochondrions
Golgi complex
Granular endoplasmatic reticulum
Agranular endoplasmatic reticulum
Lysosomes
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A duodenal content smear of a patient with indigestion contains protosoa 1018 mcm large. They have piriform bodies, 4 pairs of filaments, two symmetrically located nuclei in the broadened part of body. What kind of the lowest organisms is it?
Intestinal ameba
Lamblia
Trichomonas
Dysentery ameba
Balantidium
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A 44-year-old woman complains of common weakness, heart pain, considerable increase of body weigt. Objectively: moon-like face, hirsutism, AP-165/100 mm Hg, height - 164 cm, weight - 103 kg; fat is mostly accumulated in the region of neck, upper shoulder girdle, stomach. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of obesity?
Increased production of glucocorticoids
Increased production of mineralocorti-coids
Decreased production of thyroidal hormones
Decreased production of glucagon
Increased production of insulin
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Далі ›
After a serious viral infection a 3-year-old child has repeated vomiting, loss of consciousness, convulsions. Examination revealed hyperammoniemia. What may have caused changes of biochemical blood indices of this child?
Inhibited activity of transamination enzymes
Disorder of biogenic amines neutralization
Disorder of ammonia neutralization in ornithinic cycle
Activated processes of aminoacids decarboxylation
Increased purtefaction of proteins in intestines
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Далі ›
Albinos can’t stand sun impact - they don’t aquire sun-tan but get sunburns. Di- sturbed metabolism of what aminoacid underlies this phenomenon?
Histidine
Methionine
Glutamic acid
Tryptophan
Phenilalanine
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Далі ›
A 25-year-old patient complained of the decreased vision. Accommodation disorders, dilated pupil, lack of reaction for the light were revealed on examination. What muscles function is disturbed?
Inferior oblique muscle, ciliary
Pupil narrowing and dilating muscles
Pupil narrowing muscle, ciliary
Lateral rectus muscle, pupil narrowing
Pupil dilating muscle, ciliary
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Далі ›
A patient with continious bronchopneumonia was admitted to the therapeutic department. Antibiotic therapy didn’t give much effect. What medication for improvement of immune state should be added to the complex treatment of this patient?
Sulfocamphocaine
Benadryl
Analgin
Timaline
Paracetamol
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Далі ›
Patient with abscess of the cut wound applied to the traumatological department. In order to clean the wound from the pus doctor washed it with 3% hydrogen peroxide. Foam was absent. What caused the absence of the drug activity?
Inherited insufficiency of erythrocyte phosphatdehydrogenase
Pus in the wound
Shallow wound
Inherited insufficiency of catalase
Low concentration H2O2
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Далі ›
Microspecimen of spinal cord contains a nucleus that should be analyzed. Its neurons form motor endings in the skeletal muscles. What nucleus of spinal cord is meant?
Thoracic nucleus
Proper nucleus of the posterior horn
Proper nucleus of gray substance
Proper nucleus of the anterior horn
Intermediate lateral nucleus
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Далі ›
Patient with injured muscles of the lower extremities was admitted to the traumatological department. Due to what cells is reparative regeneration of the muscle fibers and restoration of the muscle function possible?
Myofibroblasts
Satellite-cells
Myoblasts
Myoepithelial cells
Fibroblasts
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Далі ›
A 50-year-old patient with typhoid fever was treated with Levomycetin, next day his condition became worse, temperature rose to 39,60C. What caused the complication?
Reinfection
Irresponsiveness of an agent to the levomycetin
The effect of endotoxin agent
Allergic reaction
Secondary infection addition
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In the specimen of one of the parts of respiratory system a tubular organ was found. It has low epithelium, well developed muscular tunic, glands and cartilage are absent. Name this organ:
Larynx
Minor bronchs
Median bronchs
Trachea
Major bronchs
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A physician examined a patient and found inguinal hernia. Through what anatomic formation does it penetrate into the skin?
Anulus femoralis
Anulus inguinalis superficialis
Lacuna musculorum
Hiatus saphenus
Canalis adductorius
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A 40-year-old patient complains of intensive heartbeats, sweating, nausea, visual impairment, arm tremor, hypertension. From his anamnesis: 2 years ago he was diagnosed with pheochromocytoma. Hyperproduction of what hormones causes the given pathology?
Glucocorticoids
Catecholamines
ACTH
Thyroidal hormones
Aldosterone
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 58-year-old patient with acute cardiac insufficiency has decreased volume of daily urine oliguria. What is the mechanism of this phenomenon?
Reduced permeamility of renal filter
Decreased glomerular filtration
Decreased number of functioning glomerules
Drop of oncotic blood pressure
Rise of hydrostatic blood pressure in capillars
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 60-year-old man felt asleep after cerebral hemorrhage for a long time. Damage of what structure caused this state?
Cortex of the large hemispheres
Nuclears of the cerebral nerves
Hippocampus
Black substance
Reticular formation
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Далі ›
Tuberculosis can be treated by means of combined chemotherapy that includes substances with different mechanisms of action.What antituberculous medication inhibits transcription of RNA into DNA in mycobacteria?
Para-aminosalicylic acid
Rifampicin
Ethionamide
Isoniazid
Streptomycin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient experienced a sudden temperature rise up to 390C. After 6 hours the temperature normalized. On the 2-nd day the attack recurred: in the period of paroxysm the temperature reached 410C, apyrexial period began after 8 hours. What type of temperature profile is it?
Recurrent
Hectic
Continued
Intermitting
Septic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cerebral trauma caused increase of ammonia formation. What aminoacid takes part in removal of ammonia from cerebral tissue?
Tyrosine
Tryptophan
Lisine
Glutamic
Valine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Microscopic examination of the sputum of a patient with pneumonia occasionally revealed some larvae. Eosi-nophiles were detected on blood examination. What helminthiasis can be diagnosed?
Enterobiosis
Opisthorchosis
Paragonimiasis
Ascariasis
Trichocephaliasis
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Далі ›
A 40-year-old woman was admitted to the infectious diseases department with high body temperature. Objectively: marked meningeal symptoms. A spinal cord punction was made. What anatomic formation was puncturated?
Spatium subarachnoideum
Cavum trigeminale
Spatium epidurale
Cisterna cerebellomedullaris posterior
Spatium subdurale
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Далі ›
The energy inputs of a healthy man have been measured. In what state was the patient if his energy inputs were less than the main exchange?
Rest
Easy work
Sleep
Nervous exertion
Calmness
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Examination of a newborn boy’s genitals revealed a cleft of urethra that opens on the inferior surface of his penis. What developmental anomaly is meant?
Epispadia
Hermaphroditism
Monorchism
Cryptorchism
Hypospadia
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To prevent long-term effects of 4-day malaria a 42-year-old patient was prescribed primaquine. On the 3-rd day from the begin of treatment there appeared stomach and heart pains, dyspepsia, general cyanosis, hemoglobinuria. What caused side effects of the preparation?
Delayed urinary excretion of the preparation
Drug potentiation by other preparations
Genetic insufficiency of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Decreased activity of microsomal liver enzymes
Cumulation of the preparation
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Далі ›
A 17-year-old boy fell seriously ill, body temperature rose up to 38,50C, there is cough, rhinitis, lacrimation, nasal discharges. What kind of inflammation is it?
Fibrinous inflammation
Catarrhal inflammation
Hemorrhagic inflammation
Serous inflammation
Suppurative inflammation
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A genetics specialist analyzed the genealogy of a family and found that both males and females may have the illness, not across all the generations, and that healthy parents may have ill children. What is the type of illness inheritance?
Autosomal dominant
X-linked dominant
Autosomal recessive
Y-linked
X-linked recessive
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A patient who has been treated with diazepam on account of neurosis complains of toothache. Doctor administered him an analgetic, but its dose was lower than average therapeutic dose. What phenomenon did the doctor take into account while prescribing the patient an underdose?
Drug dependence
Cumulation
Potentiation
Tolerance
Summation
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Inflammatory process of modified subserous layer around cervix of the uterus caused an intensive pain syndrome. In what region of genitals does the pathological process take place?
Endometrium
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Parametrium
Mesometrium
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Analysis of amniotic fluid that was obtained as a result of amniocentesis (puncture of amniotic sac) revealed cells the nuclei of which contain sex chromatin (Barr’s body). What can it be evidence of?
Genetic disorders of fetus development
Trisomy
Polyploidy
Development of female fetus
Development of male fetus
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A 2-year-old child has got intestinal dysbacteriosis, which resultsed in hemorrhagic syndrome. What is the most likely cause of hemorrhage of the child?
Fibrinogen deficiency
Hypocalcemia
Activation of tissue thromboplastin
Vitamin K deficiency
PP hypovitaminosis
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Autopsy of a 46-year-old man revealed multiple brown-and-green layers and hemmorhages on the mucous membrane of rectum and sigmoid colon; slime and some blood in colon lumen; histologically - fibrinous colitis. In course of bacteriological analysis of colon contents S.Sonne were found. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Crohn’s disease
Salmonellosis
Cholera
Yersiniosis
Dysentery
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A patient had been ill with bronchial asthma for many years and died from asthmatic fit. Histologic lung examination revealed: lumen of bronchioles and small bronches contain a lot of mucus with some eosinophils, there is sclerosis of alveolar septums, dilatation of alveole lumen. What mechanism of development of hypersensibility reaction took place?
Cytotoxic reaction
Granulomatosis
Cytolysis determined by lymphocytes
Reagin reaction
Immunocomplex reaction
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To anaesthetize the surgical treatment of burn surface, a patient was intravenously injected a medication for short-acting narcosis. 1 minute later the patient being under anaesthesia showed increased blood pressure, tachycardia, increased tone of skeletal muscles; reflexes remained. After recovering from anaesthesia the patient had disorientation and visual hallucinations. What medication was the patient injected?
Thiopental sodium
Ketamine
Sombrevin
Nitrous oxide
Diethyl ether
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Desulfiram is widely used in medical practice to prevent alcocholism. It inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase. Increased level of what metabolite causes aversion to alcochol?
Propionic aldehyde
Ethanol
Malonyl aldehyde
Methanol
Acetaldehyde
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A 1-year-old child with symptoms of muscle involvement was admitted to the hospital. Examination revealed carnitine deficiency in his muscles. What process disturbance is the biochemical basis of this pathology?
Lactic acid utilization
Substrate phosphorylation
Actin and myosin synthesis
Transporting of fatty acids to mi-tochodrions
Regulation of Ca2+ level in mi-tochondrions
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A patient died from acute cardiac insufficiency. The histological examination of his heart revealed the necrotized section in myocardium of the left ventricle, which was separated from undamaged tissue by the zone of hyperimic vessels, small hemorrhages and leukocytic infiltration. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Diffuse exudate myocarditis
Myocardial ischemic dystrophy
Myocardial infarction
Productive myocarditis
Focal exudate myocarditis
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Kidneys of a man under examination show increased resorbtion of calcium ions and decreased resorbtion of phosphate ions. What hormone causes this phenomenon?
Aldosterone
Vasopressin
Hormonal form D3
Parathormone
Thyrocalcitonin
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An isolated cell of human heart automatically generates excitation impulses with frequency 60 times pro mi- nute. What structure does this cell belong to?
Atrium
His’ bundle
Ventricle
Atrioventricular node
Sinoatrial node
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While preparing a patient to the operation the heart chambers’ pressure was measured. In one of them the pressure changed during one heart cycle from 0 to 120 mm Hg. What chamber of heart was it?
Right ventricle
Right atrium
-
Left atrium
Left ventricle
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Part of alveoles of a preterm infant didn’t spread because of enhanced elastic recoil of lungs. How can this recoil be reduced?
By surfactant introduction
By glycose introduction
By pure oxygene inhalation
By artificial pulmonary ventilation
By fluid suction from the respiratory tracts
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A young man has a painlessl formation without marked borders in the soft tissues of his thigh. On the tissue bioptate the formation looks like flesh of fish and consists of immature fibroblastlike cells with multiple mitosis growing through the muscles. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Cancer
Myoma
Fibrosarcoma
Myosarcoma
Fibroma
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In course of prophylactic medical examination a 7-year-old boy was diagnosed to have daltonism. Parents are healthy, color vision is normal. But grandfather from the mother’s side has the same disorder. What is the type of inheriting of this anomaly?
Autosomal-dominant
Autosomal-recessive
Incomplete domination
Recessive, sex-linked
Dominant, sex-linked
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Objective examination of a patient revealed: slender figure, big skull, highly developed frontal region of face, short extremities. What constitutional type is it characteristic for?
Digestive
Cerebral
Muscular
Mixed
Respiratory
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A 38-year-old patient died during intractable attack of bronchial asthma. Histologic examination revealed mucus accumulation in bronchial lumen, a lot of fat cells (labrocytes) in the wall of bronches, many of them are in the state of degranulation, there are also a lot of eosinophils. What pathogenesis of bronchial changes is it?
Cytotoxic, cytolytic action of antibodies
Atopy
Immunocomplex mechanism
Cellular cytolysis
Granulomatosis
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A patient with thrombophlebitis of lower extremities had got chest pains, blood spitting, growing respiratory failure that caused his death. Autopsy revealed multiple pulmonary infarctions. What is the most probable reason of their development?
Pulmonary artery thrombosis
Bronchial artery thrombosis
Pulmonary venous thrombosis
Bronchial artery embolism
Pulmonary artery embolism
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Diabetes mellitus causes ketosis as a result of activated oxidation of fatty acids. What disorders of acid-base equilibrium may be caused by excessive accumulation of ketone bodies in blood?
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alcalosis
Respiratory alcalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Any changes woun’t happen
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A woman with 0 (I) bllod group has born a child with AB blood group. This woman’s husband has A blood group. What genetic interaction explains this phenomenon?
Polymery
Recessive epistasis
Complementation
Codominance
Incomplete dominance
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A 30-year-old woman was diagnosed with insufficiency of exocrinous function of pancreas. Hydrolisis of what nutrients will be disturbed?
Proteins, carbohydrates
Proteins, fats
Fats, carbohydrates
Proteins
Proteins, fats, carbohydrates
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A 39-year-old woman has madescence in the region of mammilla, a small ulcer with inflammatory hyperemia and cutaneous edema. Histologic examination of tissue sampling from this area revealed in the malpighian layer of thickened epidermis atypical cells with light and optically empty cytoplasm, with no intracellular bridges. Such cells were also found in the orifice of big mammal gland ducts. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Intraductal cancer
Paget’s disease
Melanocarcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Epidermoid cancer
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