0%
1 із 200
00:00
A patient with hypochromic anemia has splitting hair and loss of hair, increased nail brittling and taste alteration. What is the mechanism of the development of these symptoms?
Decreased production of parathyrin
Deficiency of vitamin B12
Deficiency of vitamin A
Decreased production of thyroid hormones
Deficiency of iron-containing enzymes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 27-year-old woman has dropped penicillin containing eye drops. In a few minutes there appeared feeling of itching, burning of the skin, lips and eyelids edema, whistling cough, decrease of BP. What imunoglobulins take part in the development of this allergic reaction?
IgM and IgG
IgG and IgD
IgE and IgG
IgM and IgD
IgA and IgM
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A person felt thirsty after staying under the conditions of hot weather for a long time. Signals of what receptors caused it first of all?
Baroreceptors of aortic arch
Sodium receptors of hypothalamus
Osmoreceptors of liver
Glucoreceptors of hypothalamus
Osmoreceptors of hypothalamus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Slime, blood and protozoa 30-200 microns long have been revealed in a man’s feces. The body is covered with cilias and has correct oval form with a little bit narrowed anterior and wide round shaped posterior end. At the anterior end a mouth is visible. In cytoplasm there are two nucleui and two short vacuoles. What are the described features typical for?
Trichomonas
Dysenteric amoeba
Lamblia
Balantidium
Intestinal amoeba
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A child has got galactosemia. Concentration of glucose in blood has not considerably changed. Deficiency of what enzyme caused this illness?
Galactose-1-phosphate uri-dyltransferase
Galactokinase
Phosphoglucomutase
Hexokinase
Amylo-1,6-glucosidase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Synthesis of phospholipids is disturbed as a result fatty infiltration of liver. Indicate which of the following substances can enhance the process of methylation during phospholipids synthesis?
Glucose
Citrate
Ascorbic acid
Methionine
Glycerin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An individual is characterized by rounded face, broad forehead, a mongolian type of eyelid fold, flattened nasal bridge, permanently open mouth, projecting lower lip, protruding tongue, short neck, flat hands, and stubby fingers. What diagnosis can be put to the patient?
Supermales
Down’s syndrome
Turner’s syndrome
Alkaptonuria
Klinefelter’s syndrome
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient visited a dentist with complaints of redness and edema of his mouth mucous membrane in a month after dental prosthesis. The patient was diagnosed with allergic stomatitis. What type of allergic reaction by Gell and Cumbs underlies this disease?
Stimulating
Immunocomplex
Cytotoxic
Delayed type hypersensitivity
Anaphylactic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffering from trombophlebi-tis of the deep crural veins suddenly died. Autopsy has shown freely lying red friable masses with dim crimped surface in the trunk and bifurcation of the pulmonary artery. What pathologic process was revealed by morbid anatomist?
Tissue embolism
Thrombosis
Embolism with foreign body
Fat embolism
Tromboembolism
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Decreased blood supply to the organs causes hypoxia that activates fibroblasts function. Volume of what elements is increased in this case?
Nerve elements
Vessels of microcircular stream
Parenchymatous elements of an organ
Lymphatic vessels
Intercellular substance
‹ Назад
Далі ›
RNA-polymerase B(II) is blocked due to amanitine poisoning (poison of death-cup). It disturbs:
Synthesis of m-RNA
Maturation of m-RNA
Reverse transcription
Synthesis of t-RNA
Primers synthesis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Secretion of what gastrointestinal hormones will be primarily decreased as a result of iduodenum removal?
Gastrin and histamine
Neurotensin
Cholecystokinin and secretin
Histamine
Gastrin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
It is planned to use the territory of an old cattle burial ground (which is not used for more than 50 years) for building houses. But ground analysis revealed presence of the pathogen of a very dangerous illness. Which of the indicated microorgonisms is likely to remain in the ground for such a long time?
Mycobacterium bovis
Francisella tularensis
Bacillus anthracis
Yersinia pestis
Brucella abortus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
From the nasopharynx of a 5-year-old child it was excreted a microorganism which is identical to Corynebacterium diphtheriae dose according to morphological and biochemical signs. But this microorganism does not produce exotoxin. As a result of what process can this microorganism become toxigenic?
Phage conversion
Passing through the organism of the sensative animals
Cultivation in the telluric environment
Growing with antitoxic serum
Chromosome mutation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with encephalopathy was admitted to the neurological inpatient department. There was revealed a correlation between increasing of encephalopathy and substances absorbed by the bloodstream from the intestines. What substances that are formed in the intestines can cause endotoxemia?
Butyrate
Indole
Biotin
Acetacetate
Ornithine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 50-year-old man has felt vague abdominal discomfort within past 4 months. Physical examination revealed no lymphadenopathy, and no abdominal masses or organomegaly at palpation. Bowel sounds are heard. An abdominal CT scan shows a 20 cm retroperitoneal soft tissue mass obscuring the left psoas muscle. A stool specimen tested for occult blood is negative. Which of the following neoplasms is this man most likely to have?
Hamartoma
Lipoma
Melanoma
Adenocarcinoma
Lymphoma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has undergone an amputation of lower extremity. Some time later painful nodules appeared in a stump. Amputatious neuromas were found out at the microscopic examination. To what pathological processes do those formations relate?
Regeneration
Dystrophy
Hyperemia
Inflammation
Metaplasia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During the fetal period of the development in the vascular system of the fetus a large arterial ( Botallo’s) duct is functioning which converts into lig.arteriosum after birth. What anatomical formations does this duct connect?
Aorta and inferior vena cava
Pulmonary trunk and aorta
Aorta and superior vena cava
Right and left auricles
Pulmonary trunk and superior vena cava
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 22-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints of heavy nasal breathing. During the examination of her nasal cavity the doctors found thickened mucous membrane, a lot of mucus and nodular infiltrates without erosions in the nose.The nasal rhinoscleroma was diagnosed. The biopsy was taken. What typical morphological changes may be found?
Granulomas with Langhan’s cells
Granulomas with foreign body cells
Granulomas with Virchow’s cells
Granulomas with Mikulicz’s cells
Interstitial inflammation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Intake of oral contraceptives containing sex hormones inhibits secretion of the hypophysiae hormones. Secretion of which of the indicated hormones is inhibited while taking oral contraceptives with sex hormones?
Thyrotropic
Follicle-stimulating
Vasopressin
Oxytocin
Somatotropic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 60-year-old patient was admitted to the surgical department because of infection caused by blue pus bacillus (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) which is sensative to penicillin antibiotics. Indicate which of the given penicillins has marked activity to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Benzylpenicillin
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
Oxacillin
Methicillin
Carbenicillin disodium
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 45-year-old woman suffers from seasonal allergic rhinitis caused by the ambrosia blossoming. What medicine from the stabilizer of the adipose cells group can be used for prevention of this disease?
Diazoline
Phencarol
Tavegyl
Dimedrol
Ketotifen
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A young man felt acute pain in the back during active drawing up on the horizontal bar. Objectively: pain while moving upper extremity, reduced pronation and adduction functions. Sprain of what muscle can be observed here?
M.levator scapulae
M.trapezius
M.romboideus major
M.latissimus dorsi
M.subscapularis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 52-year-old patient has the following diagnosis: systemic amebiasis with involvment of intestines, liver, lungs. What drug should be prescribed?
Tetracycline
Quingamine
Enteroseptol
Quiniofone
Metronidasol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 38-year-old man who poisoned himself with mercury dichloride was taken to the admission room in grave condition. What antidote should be immediately introduced?
Atropine
Unithiol
Nalorphine
Dipiroxim
Isonitrosine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Children often have heavy nasal breathing resulting from excessive development of lymphoid tissue of pharyngeal mucous membrane. What tonsils growth may cause this effect?
Tonsilla pharyngea
Tonsilla palatina
Tonsilla tubaria
Tonsilla lingualis
All above mentioned tonsils
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The alternate usage of dichlotiazide, etacrin acid and lasex did not influence diuretically upon the patient with marked peripheral edemata. The aldosterone rate in the blood is increased. Indicate which medicine should be prescribed:
Clopamid
Spironolacton
Urea
Amilorid
Mannit
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 46-year-old man complains of difficulties with nasal breathing. Mikulicz’s cells, accumulation of epithelioid cells, plasmocytes, lymphocytes, hyaline balls were discovered in the biopsy material of the thickened nasal mucosa. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Virus rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis
Rhinovirus infection
Meningococcal nasopharyngitis
Scleroma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 56-year-old patient complaining of thirst and frequent urination was diagnosed with diabete mellitus. Butamin was prescribed. How does the medicine act?
It inhibits o-cells of Langergans’ islets
It stimulates 3-cells of Langergans’ islets
It relieves transport of glucose through the cells’ membranes
It helps to absorb the glucose by the cells of the organism tissues
It inhibits absorption of glucose in the intestines
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A man who was bitten by the unknown dog applied to the surgeon. Wide ragged woundes were localized on the face. What curative-prophylactic aid should be given to prevent rabies?
Immediately inject normal gamma globulin
Hospitalize the patient and keep under the doctor’s supervision
Start immunisation with rabies vaccine
Prescribe combined antibiotic therapy
Immediate injection of DPT(Diphtheria, Pertusis, Tetanus) vaccine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with clinical signs of immunodeficiency has no changes of the number and functional activity of T- and B- lymphocytes. Defect with disfunction of antigen-presentation to the immunocompetent cells was found during examinatio on the molecule level. Defect of what cells is the most probable?
NK-cells
0- lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes
Fibroblasts, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes
Macrophages, monocytes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 38-year-old woman was admitted to the admission-diagnostic department with uterine bleeding. What are the most likely changes of blood?
Reduction of haematocrite rate
Leukopenia
Increase of haematocrite rate
Polycythemia
Leucocytosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 60-year-old patient has reduced perception of high-frequency sounds. What structures’ disorder of auditory analizer caused these changes?
Main membrane of cochlea near the oval window
Muscles of middle ear
Eustachian tube
Main membrane of cochlea near heli-cotrema
Tympanic membrane
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The effect of electric current on the exitable cell caused depolarization of its membrane. Movement of what ions through the membrane caused depolarisation?
C l3
HCO3
K+
C a2+
Na+
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Live vaccine was injected into the human body. Increasing activity of what connective tissue cells can be expected?
Plasmocytes and lymphocytes
Pigmentocytes and pericytes
Macrophages and fibroblasts
Adipocytes and adventitious cells
Fibroblasts and labrocytes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
When a patient with traumatic impairment of the brain was examined, it was discovered that he had stopped to distinguish displacement of an object on the skin. What part of the brain was damaged?
Parietal zone of the cortex
Posterior central gurus
Frontal central gurus
Occipital zone of the cortex
Frontal zone
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In the blood of a 26-year-old man 18% of erythrocytes of the spherical, ballshaped, flat and spinous shape have been revealed. Other eritrocytes were in form of the concavo-concave disks. How is this phenomenon called?
Pathological anisocytosis
Erytrocytosis
Physiological anisocytosis
Pathological poikilocytosis
Physiological poikilocytosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 10-year-old girl often experiences acute respiratory infections with multiple punctate haemorrages in the places of clothes friction. Hypovitaminosis of what vitamin has the girl?
C
B 2
B 1
B6
A
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Different functional groups can be presented in the structure of L-amino acid’s radicals. Identify the group that is able to form ester bond:
- SH
- NH 2
- CH 3
-OH
- CONH 2
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Moving of the daughter chromatids to the poles of the cell is observed in the mi-totically dividing cell. At what stage of the mitotic cycle is this cell?
Prophase
Telophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Interphase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During examination of a patient, there was found a neoplasm in the white substance of cerebral hemispheres with localization in the knee and frontal part of posterior crus of internal capsule. Fibres of what conductive tract of the brain will be disrupted?
Tr. f rontopontinus
Tr. pyramidalis
Tr. frontothalamicus
Tr. thalamocorticalis
Tr. parietooccipitopontinus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with diabetes mellitus has been delivered in hospital in the state of unconsciousness. Arterial pressure is low. The patient has acidosis. Point substances, which accumulation in the blood results in these manifestations:
Amino acids
High fatty acids
Cholesterol esters
Monosaccharides
Ketone bodies
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A person has steady HR not exceeding 40 bpm. What is the pacemaker of this person’s heart rhythm?
Sinoatrial node
Purkinje’s fibers
His’ bundle
Atrioventricular node
Branches of His’ bundle
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A doctor administered Allopurinol to a 26-year-old young man with the symptoms of gout. What pharmacological action of Allopurinol ensures therapeutical effect?
By increasing uric acid excretion
By inhibiting leucocyte migration into the joint
By general analgetic effect
By inhibiting uric acid synthesis
By general anti-inflammatory effect
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient who came to the doctor because of his infertility was administered to make tests for toxoplasmosis and chronic gonorrhoea. Which reaction should be performed to reveal latent toxoplasmosis and chronic gonorrhoea of the patient?
RIHA - Reverse indirect hemagglutination assay
RDHA - Reverse direct hemagglutination assay
(R)CFT- Reiter’s complement fixation test
Immunoblot analysis
IFA - Immunofluorescence assay
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Under some diseases it is observed aldosteronism accompanied by hypertension and edema due to sodium retention in the organism. What organ of the internal secretion is affected under aldosteronism?
Hypophysis
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Testicle
Ovaries
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient had been taking glucocorticoids for a long time. When the preparation was withdrawn he developed the symptoms of disease aggravation, decreased blood pressure and weakness. What is the reason of this condition?
Sensibilization
Cumulation
Hyperproduction of ACTH
Appearance of adrenal insufficiency
Habituation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has tissue ischemia below the knee joint accompanied with intermittent claudication. What artery occlusion should be suspected?
Anterior tibial artery
Popliteal artery
Proximal part of femoral artery
Posterior tibial artery
Peroneal artery
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An experiment proved that UV-radiated cells of patients with xeroderma pigmentosum restore the native DNA structure slower than cells of healthy individuals as a result of reparation enzyme defection. What enzyme helps this process?
DNA gyirase
RNA ligase
DNA polymerase III
Endonuclease
Primase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient, who suffers from congenital erythropoietic porphyria, has skin photosensitivity. The accumulation of what compound in the skin cells can cause it?
Uroporphyrinogen 2
Protoporphyrin
Uroporphyrinogen 1
Heme
Coproporphyrinogen 3
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A sick man with high temperature and a lot of tiny wounds on the body has been admitted to the hospital. Lice have been found in the folds of his clothing. What disease can be suspected?
Malaria
Epidemic typhus
Tularemia
Plague
Scabies
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with suspicion on epidemic typhus was admitted to the hospital. Some arachnids and insects have been found in his flat. Which of them may be a carrier of the pathogen of epidemic typhus?
Spiders
Lice
Bed-bugs
Houseflies
Cockroaches
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A businessman came to India from South America. On examination the physician found that the patient was suffering from sleeping-sickness. What was the way of invasion?
Through dirty hands
With contaminated fruits and vegetables
As a result of bug’s bites
As a result of mosquito’s bites
After contact with sick dogs
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Patients with bile ducts obstruction suffer from inhibition of blood coagulation, bleedings as a result of low level of vitamin assimilation. What vitamin is in deficiency?
K
D
E
Carotene
A
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Blood analysis of a patient showed signs of HIV infection (human immunodeficiency virus). Which cells does HIV-virus primarily affect?
Proliferating cells (stem hematoplastic cells)
Cells that contain receptor T4 (T-helpers)
Specialized nervous cells (neurons)
Mast cells
Cells that contain receptor IgM (B-lymphocytes)
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The preventive radioprotector was given to a worker of a nuclear power station. What mechanism from the below mentioned is considered to be the main mechanism of radioprotection?
Increasing of respiration
Prevention of tissue’s hypoxia
Inhibition of free radicals formation
Activation of oxidation reactions
Increasing of tissue blood supply
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The pulmonalis embolism has suddenly developed in a 40-year-old patient with opened fracture of the hip. Choose the possible kind of embolism:
Air
Tissue
Foreign body
Thrombus-embolus
Fat
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient’s blood was analyzed and the decreased erythrocyte’s sedimentation rate (ESR) was discovered. What disease from the listed below is accompanied with decreased ESR?
Splenomegaly
Vitamin B deficiency
Polycytemia
Hepatitis
Myocardial infarction
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 46-year-old patient has complained of headache, fatigue, thirst, pains in the spine and joints for the last 2 years. Clinically observed disproportional enlargement of hands, feet, nose, superciliary arches. He notes that he needed to buy bigger shoes three times. What is the main reason of such disproporti-onal enlargement of different parts of the body?
Joints chronic inflammation development
Joints dystrophy development
Increased sensitivity of the tissues to growth hormone
Cartilaginous tissue proliferation under growth hormone influence
Increased sensitivity of the tissues to insulin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A mother of a newborn complains of her baby’s constant belching with undigested milk. Which developmental anomaly is it an evidence of?
Labium leporium
Faux lupinum
Esophageal atresia
Anal atresia
Esophageal fistula
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During the endoscopy the inflammation of a major papilla of the duodenum and the disturbances of bile secretion were found. In which part of duodenum were the problems found?
Descendent part
Ascendant part
Upper horizontal part
Lower horizontal part
Bulb
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An 18-year-old patient came to the out-patient department with the complaints of bleeding trauma in the vestibule of his nose. On examination: the mechanical injury of the mucous layer of the vestibule without continuation into nasal cavity proper. What is the boundary between the vestibule and nasal cavity proper?
Nostrils
Nasal septa
Nasal limen
Choanes
Nasal roller
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 50-year-old patient was injured on the occipital region of the head. The closed skull trauma was diagnosed. She was taken to the hospital. The medical examination: deregulation of walking and balance, trembling of arms. What part of brain was injured?
The cerebellum
The medulla oblongata
The mind-brain
The inter-brain
The spinal cord
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with complaints of dryness in the mouth, photophobia and vision impairment was admitted to the reception-room. Skin is hyperemic, dry, pupils are dilated, tachycardia. Poisoning with belladonna alkaloids was diagnosed on further examination. What medicine should be prescribed?
Dipiroxim
Prozerin
Diazepam
Armine
Pilocarpine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Autopsy revealed that right lung is enlarged, solid, there are fibrin layers on the pleura. Lung tissue is light grey color on incision with muddy liqued exudates. What lung disease are these symptoms typical for?
Pulmonary gangrene
Interstitial pneumonia
Croupous pneumonia
Bronchopneumonia
Fibrosing alveolitis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During the operation on the hip joint of a 5-year-old child her ligament was damaged which caused bleeding.What ligament was damaged?
Iliofemoral
The head of the thigh
Perpendicular of the acetabule
Ischiofemoral
Pubofemoral
‹ Назад
Далі ›
On autopsy it was revealed: pia mater of the upper parts of cerebral hemisphere is plethoric, of yellowish-green color, soaked with purulent and fibrose exudate, looks like a cap. What disease is it typical for?
Grippal meningitis
Tuberculous meningitis
Meningococcal meningitis
Meningitis connected with typhus
Meningitis connected with anthrax
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 55-year-old patient with continuing ventricular arrhythmias was admitted to the hospital. The patient is taking timolol drops for glaucoma, daily insulin injections for diabetes mellitus, and an ACE inhibitor for hypertension. You have decided to use phenytoin instead of procainamide. What is the reason?
The local anesthetic effect of procainamide would aggravate the hypertension
The cholinergic effects of procainamide would aggravate the diabetes
The hypertensive effects of procainamide would aggravate the hypertension
The anticholinergic effect of procainamide would aggravate glaucoma
The local anesthetic effect of procainamide would potentiate diabetes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 35-year-old man under the treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis has acute pain onset of right big toe, swelling, and low-grade fever. The gouty arthritis was diagnosed and high serum uric acid level was found. Which of the following antituberculous drugs are known for causing high uric acid levels?
Cycloserine
Aminosalicylic acid
Pyrazinamide
Rifampicin
Thiacetazone
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A person was selling 'homemade pork' sausages at the market. State sanitary inspector suspected falcification of the sausages. What serological immune reaction can identifiy food substance?
Indirect hemagglutination test
Immunofluorescence test
Precipitation test
Agglutination test
Complement-fixation test
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with rheumatoid arthritis who had been treated with indometacin has got signs of gastropathy. What activity of the drug can this complication be connected with?
Antikinine
Antihistamine
Anticyclooxygenase
Antiserotonin
Locally irritating
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 25-year-old woman with red and itchy eczematoid dermatitis visits your office. She had a dental procedure one day earlier with administration of a local anesthetic. There were no other findings, although she indicated that she had a history of allergic reactions. Which of the following drugs is most likely involved?
Bupivacaine
Cocaine
Lidocaine
Etidocaine
Procaine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In course of metabolic process active forms of oxygen including superoxide anion radical are formed in the human body. By means of what enzyme is this anion inactivated?
Peroxidase
Catalase
Glutathioneperoxidase
Superoxide dismutase
Glutathionereductase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has elbow joint trauma with avulsion of medial epicondyle of humerus. What nerve can be damaged in this trauma?
Radial
Ulnar
Cardiac cutaneous nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A student is writing a thorough summary of a lecture. Quality of summarizing has considerably worsened when his neighbours started talking. What kind of inhibition in the cerebral cortex caused this effect?
Protective
Delayed
Differentiated
External
Fading
‹ Назад
Далі ›
While enrolling a child to school Mantu’s test was made to define whether revaccination was needed. The test result is negative. What does this test result mean?
Absence of antitoxic immunity to the tuberculosis
Absence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus
Absence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis
Presence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus
Presence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The donor who didn’t donate the blood for a long time was investigated with IFA method. AntiHBs antibodies were revealed. What does positive result of IFA in this case mean?
Previous hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis C
Chronic hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis B
Chronic hepatitis C
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Testosterone and it’s analogs increase the mass of skeletal muscles that allows to use them for treatment of dystrophy. Due to interaction of the hormone with what cell substrate is this action caused?
Proteins-activators of transcription
Ribosomes
Chromatin
Membrane receptors
Nuclear receptors
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Inhibition of o-motoneuron of the extensor muscles was noticed after stimulation of omotoneuron of the flexor muscles during the experiment on the spinal cord. What type of inhibition is this process based upon?
Recurrent
Presynaptic
Reciprocal
Depolarizational
Lateral
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient who has been strictly keeping to a certain diet for 10 days went through examination of respiratory coeffi- cient. It was determined that it was equal 1. What have the patient been keeping to?
With domination of proteins and carbohydrates
Mixed
With domination of proteins and fat
With domination of carbohydrates
With domination of fat and carbohydrates
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Buffer capacity of a worker’s blood was decreased due to exhausting muscular work. By coming of what acid substance in the blood can this state be explained?
3- phosphoglycerate
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
Pyruvate
o-ketoglutarate
Lactate
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of initial molecular structure revealed substitution of the glutamic acid by valine. What inherited pathology is it typical for?
Sickle-cell anemia
Hemoglobinosis
Minkowsky-Shauffard disease
Thalassemia
Favism
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Inflamation is characterised by increased permeability of vessels of microcirculation stream, increase of their hydrodynamic blood pressure. Increasing of the osmotic concentration and dispersi-ty of protein structures is present in the intercellular fluid. What kind of edema will appear in this case?
Mixed
Membranogenic
Colloid-osmotic
Lymphogenic
Hydrodynamic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Increased fragility of vessels, enamel and dentine destruction resulting from scurvy are caused by disorder of collagen maturation. What stage of procollagen modification is disturbed under this avitaminosis?
Removal of C-ended peptide from procollagen
Hydroxylation of proline
Formation of polypeptide chains
Detaching of N-ended peptide
Glycosylation of hydroxylysine residues
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Scraps of the mycelium of a fungus, spores, air bubbles and fat drops were discovered on microscopy of the patient’s hair excluded from the infected areas. What fungus disease is characterised by this microscopic picture?
Trichophytosis
Sporotrichosis
Epidermophytosis
Microspory
Favus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
On autopsy of the 58-year-old man it was revealed: mitral valve is deformed, thickened, not totally closed. Microscopically: foci of collagen fibers are eosinophilic, have positive fibrin reaction. The most likely it is:
Amyloidosis
Hyalinosis
Fibrinoid swelling
Fibrinoid inflammation
Mucoid swelling
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Hypertrychosis of auricles is caused by a gene that is localized in Y-chromosome. Father has this feature. What is the probability to give birth to a boy with such anomaly?
75 %
0 %
25 %
35 %
100%
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 54-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with complaints of pain in the right subcostal region, vomiting with blood. Objectively: enlarged liver, varicose veins in the stomach and esophagus. Disfunction of what vessel is likely to have taken place?
Vena hepatica
Vena cava inferior
Vena cava superior
Vena porta
Aorta abdominalis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 37-year-old man was admitted to the surgical department with the symptoms of acute pancreatitis: vomiting, diarrhea, bradycardia, hypotention, weakness, dehydration of the organism. What medicine should be used first of all?
No-spa
Platyphylline
Ephedrine
Contrycal
Etaperazine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A person has reduced diuresis, hypernatremia, hypokalemia. Hypersecretion of what hormone can cause such changes?
Adrenalin
Auricular sodiumuretic factor
Vasopressin
Aldosterone
Parathormone
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Microspecimen of red bone marrow contains multiple capillares through the walls of which mature blood cells penetrate into the bloodstream. What type of capillares are these?
Lymphatic
Somatical
Visceral
Fenestrational
Sinusoidal
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 57-year-old patient was admitted to the gastroenterological department with suspicion of Zollinger-Ellison syndrom because of rapid increase of gastrin level in the blood serum. What is the most probable disorder of the secretory function of stomach?
Hyperacidic hyposecretion
Hyperacidic hypersecretion
Achylia
Hypoacidic hyposecretion
Hypoacidic hypersecretion
‹ Назад
Далі ›
For a long time a 49-year-old woman had suffered from glomerulonephritis which caused death. The autopsy revealed that the size of her kidneys was 7 x 3 x 2,5 cm, weight 65,0 g, they were dense and small-grained. Microscopically: fibrinogenous inflammation of serous and mucous membranes, dystrophic changes of parenchymatous organs, brain edema. What complication can cause such changes of serous membranes and inner organs?
DIC-syndrome
Anemia
Thrombopenia
Sepsis
Uraemia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Upper neck node of sympathetic trunk was removed from the rabbit on experiment. Reddening and increased temperature of the skin of head is observed. What disorder of peripheral circulation of the blood has developed?
Venous hyperemia
Neuroparalytic arterial hyperemia
Stasis
Metabolic arterial hyperemia
Neurotonic arterial hyperemia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A tissue sample of benign tumor was studied under the electron microscope. A lot of small (15-20 nm) spherical bodies, consisting of 2 unequal subunits were detected. These are :
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Microtubules
Golgi complex
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman who was infected with toxoplasmosis during the pregnancy has born a child with multiple congenital defects.This is a result of:
Teratogenesis
Recombination
Chemical mutogenesis
Biological mutogenesis
Cancerogenesis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A considerable increase of activity of MB-forms of CPK (creatinephosphoki-nase) and LDH-1 was revealed on the examination of patient’s blood. What is the most likely pathology?
Hepatitis
Rheumatism
Pancreatitis
Cholecystitis
Miocardial infarction
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An isolated muscle of a frog is rhythmically irritated with electric impulses. Every next impulse is in a period of relaxation from the previus contraction. What contraction of the muscle occurs?
Asynchronous
Single
Continuous (smooth) tetanus
Tonic
Waved tetanus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 16-year-old boy was performed an appendectomy. He has been hospitalized for right lower quadrant abdominal pain within 18 hours. The surgical specimen is edematous and erythematous. Infiltration by what of the following cells is the most typical for the process occuring here?
Eosinophils
Basophils
Limphocytes
Monocytes
Neutrophils
‹ Назад
Далі ›
ATP synthesis is totaly blocked in a cell. How will the value of membrane rest potential change?
First it will decrease, then increase
It will be considerably increased
It will be slightly increased
First it will increase, then decrease
It will disappear
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient who was previously ill with mastectomy as a result of breast cancer was prescribed radiation therapy. What vitamin preparation has marked radioprotective action caused by antioxidant activity?
Ergocalciferol
Thiamine chloride
Folic acid
Riboflavin
Tocopherol acetate
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with tissue trauma was taken a blood sample for the determination of blood clotting parameters. Specify the right sequence of extrinsic pathway activation:
III - VIII: TF - Xa
III - Vila - Xa
IV - VIIa - Xa
III - IV - Xa
IV - VIII: TF - Xa
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Autopsy of a man who died from chronic cardiacvascular collapse revealed 'tiger heart'. Sidewards of endocardium a yellowish-white banding can be seen; myocardium is dull, darkyellow. What process caused this pathology?
Amyloidosis
Fatty parenchymatous degeneration
Fatty vascular-stromal degeneration
Hyaline degeneration
Carbohydrate degeneration
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Parents with an ill child consulted an infectionist. They had been working in one of Asian countries for a long time. The child has sallow skin, loss of appetite, laxity, enlarged liver, spleen, peripheral lymph nodes. What protozoal illness can be suspected?
Toxoplasmosis
Lambliasis
Amebiasis
Visceral leishmaniasis
Balantidiasis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Healthy parents have got a fairhaired, blue-eyed girl. Irritability, anxiety, sleep and feeding disturbance developed in the first months of the infant’s life. Neurological examination revealed developmental lag. What method of genetic investigation should be used for the exact diagnosis?
Population-statistical
Biochemical
Gemellary
Genealogical
Cytological
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The process of heart transplantation determined the viability of myocardial cells. The determination of what myocardium parameter is the most important?
Concentration of oxygen in heart vessels
Concentration of Ca-ions in heart vessels
Heart temperature
Concentration of calcium-ions in myofibrils
Rest potential of cardiomyocytes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The calcium canals of cardiomyocytes have been blocked on an isolated rabbit’s heart. What changes in the heart’s activity can result from it?
Decreased rate and force of heart beat
Decreased force of the contraction
Heart stops in systole
Decreased heart beat rate
Heart stops in diastole
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Microscopic examination of the enlarged neck gland of a 14-year-old girl revealed destruction of the tissue structure of the node, absence of the lymph follicles, sclerotic areas and necrosis foci, cell constitution of the node is polymorphous, lymphocites, eosinophi-les, big atypical cells with multilobular nuclei (Beresovsky-Sternberg cells) and mononuclear cells of the large size are present. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Lymphogranulomatosis
Acute lympholeucosis
Fungoid mycosis
Chronic lympholeucosis
Berkitt’s lymphoma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
As a result of the damage of one of the Atomic Power Plant reactors the runout of radioelements took place. People in the high-radiation area were radiated with approximately 250-300 r. They were immediately hospitalized. What changes in the blood count would be typical for the victims?
Neutropenia
Leukopenia
Anemia
Thrombopenia
Lymphopenia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Dystrophic alterations of heart are accompanied with dilation of heart cavities, decreased force of heart contractions, increased blood volume that remains during systole in the heart cavity, vein overfill. What heart condition is it typiccal for?
Myogenic dilatation
Cardiac tamponade
Tonogenic dilatation
Cardiosclerosis
Emergency stage of hyperfunction and hypertrophy
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Nowadays about 50 minor bases have been found in the t-RNA structure besides the main four nitrogenous bases. Choose the minor nitrogenous base:
Adenine
Dihydrouracil
Cysteine
Cytosine
Uracil
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 60-year-old patient fell ill with obturative jaundice as a result of malignant tumour of the big papillary of the duodenal. Lumen of what anatomical structure is compressed by tumour?
Left hepatic duct
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Cystic duct
Common hepatic duct
Right hepatic duct
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Thyrotoxicosis leads to increased production of thyroidal hormones T3 and T4, weight loss, tachycardia, psychic excitement and so on. How do thyroidal hormones effect energy metabolism in the mitochondrion of cells?
Disconnect oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation
Stop respiratory chain
Activate substrate phosphorylation
Stop substrate phosphorylation
Activate oxidative phosphorylation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
While shifting the gaze to the closely situated object the refracting power of eye’s optical mediums will increase by 10 diopters. It results from changing of such eye structure:
Muscle that dilatates pupil
Lens
Cornea
Vitreous body
Liquid of the anterior chamber of eye
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Necrosis focus appeared in the area of hyperemia and skin edema in few hours after burn. What mechanism strengthens destructive effect in the inflammation area?
Secondary alteration
Emigration of lymphocytes
Diapedesis of erythrocytes
Primary alteration
Proliferation of fibroblasts
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Analeptical remedy of reflective type from the H-cholinomimetics group was given to the patient for restoration of breathing after poisoning with carbon monoxide. What medicine was prescribed to the patient?
Adrenalin hydrochloride
Atropine sulphate
Pentamin
Mesaton
Lobeline hydrochloride
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient operated on complicated appendicitis has the following changes of blood count: erythrocytes - 4,0 • 1012/l, Hb - 120 g/l, color index - 0,9, leukocytes - 18 • 109/l, basophils - 0, eosinophils - 0, myelocytes - 0, juvenile - 0, stab neutrophils - 20, segmentonuclear neutrophils - 53, lymphocytes - 21, monocytes - 5. How is such nuclear shift of leukocytic formula called?
Regeneratively-degenerative
Regenerative left shift
Right shift
Hyperregenerative
Degenerative left shift
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has got a spasm of smooth muscles of bronchi. Activators of what membrane cytoreceptors are phisiologi-cally reasoned to stop an attack?
M-cholinoreceptors
^-adrenoreceptors
H-cholinoreceptors
a- and ^-adrenoreceptors
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Intrapleural pressure of an individual is being measured. In what phase did he hold his breath if the pressure is - 25 cm H2O?
Quiet inspiration
Forced expiration
Quiet expiration
-
Forced inspiration
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Blood sampling for the haematology is recommended to carry out on an empty stomach and in the morning. What changes in blood formula are possible if blood sampling was carried out after food intake?
Increase of plasm proteins
Increase of erythrocyte number
Increase of leukocyte number
Decrease of erythrocyte number
Decrease of thrombocyte number
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increased by 20% as a result of prolonged starvation of an individual. The most evident cause of filtration changes under this conditions is:
Increase of penetration of the renal filter
Increase of systemic blood pressure
Increase of filtration coefficient
Increase of renal plasma stream
Decrease of oncotic pressure of blood plasma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The ovary specimen colored with hematoxylin-eosin contains a follicle, in which cubic-shaped follicle epithelium cells are placed in 1-2 layers, and scarlet membrane is seen around the ovocyte. Name this follicle:
Primary
Primordial
Mature
Secondary
Atretic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 42-year-old man suffering from gout has increased level of urinary acid in blood. Allopurinol was prescribed to decrease the level of urinary acid. Competitive inhibitor of what enzyme is allopurinol?
Hypoxanthine phosphoribosi-ltransferase
Guanine deaminase
Xanthine oxidase
Adenosine deaminase
Adenine phosphoribosiltransferase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A child has inhaled a button. Where is it likely to be?
In the right main bronchus
In the larynx
In the left main bronchus
In the esophagus
In the trachea
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with serious damage of muscular tissue was admitted to the traumatological department. What biochemical urine index will be increased in this case?
Common lipids
Glucose
Uric acid
Creatinine
Mineral salts
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Donor skin transplantation was performed to a patient with extensive burns. On the 8-th day the graft became swollen and changed colour; on the 11-th day graft rejection started. What cells take part in this process?
Basophils
B-lymphocytes
Erythrocytes
Eosinophils
T-lymphocytes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
As a result of craniocerebral trauma a patient reveals the following symptoms: intention tremor, dysmetry, adiadochoki-nesis, dysarthria. What structure of the brain is injured?
Motor cortex
Black substance
Cerebellum
Striatum
Pale sphere
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with infectious mononucleosis had been taking glucocorticoids for two weeks. He was brought into remission, but he fell ill with acute attack of chronic tonsillitis. What action of glucocorticoids caused this complication?
Antiallergic
Antitoxic
Antishock
Anti-inflammatory
Immunosuppressive
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Autopsy of a 12-year-old girl revealed: multiple cutaneous hemmorhages (mostly into the skin of buttocks, lower extremities), serous and mucous memrane hemmorhages, cerebral hemmorhages. Adrenal glands show focal necrosis and massive hemmorhages; kidneys show necrotic nephrosis, suppurative arthritis, iridocyclitis, vasculitis. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Epidemic typhus
Periarteritis nodosa
Radiation sickness
Meningococcemia
Systemic lupus erythematosus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 68-year-old woman can’t move her upper and lower right extremities due to the stroke. Muscle tone of these extremities and their reflexes are increased. There are pathological reflexes. What form of paralysis is it?
Paraplegia
Tetraplegia
Monoplegia
Hemiplegia
Dissociation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Most participants of Magellan expedition to America died from avi-tominosis. This disease declared itself by general weakness, subcutaneous hemmorhages, falling of teeth, gingival hemmorhages. What is the name of this avitiminosis?
Polyneuritis (beriberi)
Rachitis
Scurvy
Biermer’s anemia
Pellagra
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A large-scale reaction with parapertussis and pertussis diagnosticums was made in order to make serological diagnostics of the whooping cough. At the bottom of the test-tubes with diagnosticum of Bordetella parapertussis a granular sediment formed. What antibodies did this reaction reveal?
Bacteriolysins
Precipitins
Antitoxins
Agglutinins
Opsonins
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Part of the DNA chain turned 180 degree as a result of gamma radiation. What type of mutation took place in the DNA chain?
Translocation
Inversion
Doubling
Deletion
Replication
‹ Назад
Далі ›
While having the dinner the child choked and aspirated the food. Meavy cough has started, skin and mucose are cyanotic, pulse is rapid, respiration is infrequent, expiration is prolonged. What disorder of the external respiration has the child?
Stage of expiratory dyspnea on asphyxia
Biot’s respiration
Stenotic respiration
Stage of inspiratory dyspnea on asphyxia
Alternating respiration
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A pregnant woman had been having toxicosis with severe repeated vomiting for 24 hours. In the end of the day there appeared tetanic convulsions and fluid loss. What shift of acid-base state caused these changes?
Metabolic acidosis
Excretory alkalosis
Gaseous alkalosis
Gaseous acidosis
Excretory acidosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After a trauma a 44-year-old patient had a rupture of left palm muscle tendons and of the superficial blood vessels. After operation and removal of the most part of the necrotically changed muscle tissue the bloodstream was normalized. What vessels have helped to restore the bloodstream?
Aa. perforantes
Aa. metacarpeae palmares
Arcus palmaris profundus
Aa. digitales palmares communes
Arcus palmaris superf icialis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An 18-year-old patient has enlarged inguinal lymphnodes, they are painless, thickened on palpation. In the area of genital mucous membrane there is a small-sized ulcer with thickened edges and 'laquer' bottom of greyish colour. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Trophic ulcer
Syphilis
Tuberculosis
Lepra
Gonorrhea
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 45-year-old man applied to the trauma station because of domestic shoulder trauma. Objectively: extension, reduction and pronation functions of the shoulder are absent. What muscle was injured?
Teres major muscle
Infraspinous muscle
Supraspinous muscle
Teres minor muscle
Subscapular muscle
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Diagnostic scraping was performed to the woman with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Multiple convoluted glands, ganglially dilated lumens of some glands were revealed histologically in the scrape. Name the type of general pathological process in endometry:
Atrophy
Metaplasia
Hypertrophic excrescence
Hyperplasia glandulocystica
Displasia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Tuberculine was introduced intracutaneously to the child for tuberculin test. Marked hyperemia, tissue infiltration developed on the place of injection in 24 hours. What mechanism caused these modifications?
Antibody cytotoxity
Cell cytotoxity
Immunocomplex cytotoxity
Reagin type cytotoxity
Granuloma formation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An intraoperational biopsy of mammal gland has revealed the signs of atypical tissue presented by disorder of parenchyma stroma proportion with domination of the last, gland structures of different size and shape, lined with singlelayered proliferative epithelium. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Papilloma
Noninfiltrative cancer
Mastitis A.Fibroadenoma
Infiltrative cancer
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 34-year-old patient was diagnosed with chronic glomerulonephritis 3 years ago. Edemata have developed within the last 6 monthes. What caused the edemata?
Liver dysfunction of protein formation
Hyperosmolarity of plasma
Hyperproduction of vasopressin
Proteinuria
Hyperaldosteronism
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An old woman was hospitalized with acute pain, edema in the right hip joint; the movements in the joint are limited. Which bone or part of it was broken?
Ischial bone
Condyle of the thigh
The neck of the thigh
The body of the thigh bone
Pubic bone
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Concentration of pyruvate is increased in the patient’s blood, the most of which is excreted with urine. What avitaminosis has the patient?
Avitaminosis E
Avitaminosis B6
Avitaminosis B3
Avitaminosis B i
Avitaminosis B2
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with suspected diphtheria went through bacterioscopic examination. Examination of throat swab revealed rod-shaped bacteria with volutin granules. What etiotropic preparation should be chosen in this case?
Antidiphtheric antitoxic serum
Interferon
Diphtheria antitoxin
Bacteriophage
Eubiotic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with diabetes mellitus experienced loss of consciousness and convulsions after injection of insulin. What is the result of biochemical blood analysis for concentration of the sugar?
5,5 mmol/L
3,3 mmol/L
8,0 mmol/L
10,0 mmol/L
1,5 mmol/L
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient working at a chemical plant was admitted to the toxicological department with mercury poisoning. What medicine should be used?
Unithiol
Enterosorbent
Activated carbon
Isonitrozin
Naloxone
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 63-year-old woman shows symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. The increase of what blood indices could be the most significant for proving the diagnosis?
General cholesterol
Additive glycosaminoglycans
Lipoproteids
R-glycosidase
Acid phosphatase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An autopsy revealed large (1-2 cm) brownish-red, easy crumbling formations covering ulcerative defects on the external surface of the aortic valve. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Acute verrucous endocarditis
Fibroplastic endocarditis
Diffusive endocarditis
Polypous-ulcerative endocarditis
Recurrent warty endocarditis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 7-year-old girl has signs of anemia. Laboratory examination revealed pyruvate kinase deficiency in erythrocytes. What process disturbance plays the main role in anemia development?
Oxidative phosphorylation
Anaerobic glycolysis
Aminoacids desamination
Peroxide decomposition
Tissue respiration
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 5-year-old child who often fells ill with respiratory diseases has eczematous appearances after consumption of some food products, tendency to prolonged course of inflammatory processes. What kind of diathesis can be suspected in this case?
Asthenic
Lymphohypoplastic
Exudative-catharral
Arthritism
Hemmorhagic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Low level of albumins and fibri- nogen was detected in the patient’s blood. Decreased activity of what organelle of the liver hepatocytes can most probably cause it?
Mitochondrions
Granular endoplasmatic reticulum
Agranular endoplasmatic reticulum
Golgi complex
Lysosomes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A duodenal content smear of a patient with indigestion contains protosoa 1018 mcm large. They have piriform bodies, 4 pairs of filaments, two symmetrically located nuclei in the broadened part of body. What kind of the lowest organisms is it?
Balantidium
Intestinal ameba
Lamblia
Dysentery ameba
Trichomonas
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 44-year-old woman complains of common weakness, heart pain, considerable increase of body weigt. Objectively: moon-like face, hirsutism, AP-165/100 mm Hg, height - 164 cm, weight - 103 kg; fat is mostly accumulated in the region of neck, upper shoulder girdle, stomach. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of obesity?
Increased production of mineralocorti-coids
Decreased production of thyroidal hormones
Increased production of insulin
Decreased production of glucagon
Increased production of glucocorticoids
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After a serious viral infection a 3-year-old child has repeated vomiting, loss of consciousness, convulsions. Examination revealed hyperammoniemia. What may have caused changes of biochemical blood indices of this child?
Disorder of biogenic amines neutralization
Disorder of ammonia neutralization in ornithinic cycle
Increased purtefaction of proteins in intestines
Activated processes of aminoacids decarboxylation
Inhibited activity of transamination enzymes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Albinos can’t stand sun impact - they don’t aquire sun-tan but get sunburns. Di- sturbed metabolism of what aminoacid underlies this phenomenon?
Phenilalanine
Tryptophan
Methionine
Glutamic acid
Histidine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 25-year-old patient complained of the decreased vision. Accommodation disorders, dilated pupil, lack of reaction for the light were revealed on examination. What muscles function is disturbed?
Pupil narrowing and dilating muscles
Pupil narrowing muscle, ciliary
Lateral rectus muscle, pupil narrowing
Inferior oblique muscle, ciliary
Pupil dilating muscle, ciliary
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with continious bronchopneumonia was admitted to the therapeutic department. Antibiotic therapy didn’t give much effect. What medication for improvement of immune state should be added to the complex treatment of this patient?
Timaline
Analgin
Paracetamol
Benadryl
Sulfocamphocaine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Patient with abscess of the cut wound applied to the traumatological department. In order to clean the wound from the pus doctor washed it with 3% hydrogen peroxide. Foam was absent. What caused the absence of the drug activity?
Shallow wound
Inherited insufficiency of catalase
Inherited insufficiency of erythrocyte phosphatdehydrogenase
Pus in the wound
Low concentration H2O2
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Microspecimen of spinal cord contains a nucleus that should be analyzed. Its neurons form motor endings in the skeletal muscles. What nucleus of spinal cord is meant?
Intermediate lateral nucleus
Proper nucleus of the anterior horn
Proper nucleus of gray substance
Thoracic nucleus
Proper nucleus of the posterior horn
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Patient with injured muscles of the lower extremities was admitted to the traumatological department. Due to what cells is reparative regeneration of the muscle fibers and restoration of the muscle function possible?
Myoblasts
Myoepithelial cells
Myofibroblasts
Satellite-cells
Fibroblasts
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 50-year-old patient with typhoid fever was treated with Levomycetin, next day his condition became worse, temperature rose to 39,60C. What caused the complication?
Secondary infection addition
Reinfection
Irresponsiveness of an agent to the levomycetin
The effect of endotoxin agent
Allergic reaction
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In the specimen of one of the parts of respiratory system a tubular organ was found. It has low epithelium, well developed muscular tunic, glands and cartilage are absent. Name this organ:
Major bronchs
Median bronchs
Larynx
Trachea
Minor bronchs
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A physician examined a patient and found inguinal hernia. Through what anatomic formation does it penetrate into the skin?
Anulus femoralis
Lacuna musculorum
Hiatus saphenus
Anulus inguinalis superficialis
Canalis adductorius
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 40-year-old patient complains of intensive heartbeats, sweating, nausea, visual impairment, arm tremor, hypertension. From his anamnesis: 2 years ago he was diagnosed with pheochromocytoma. Hyperproduction of what hormones causes the given pathology?
Aldosterone
Thyroidal hormones
Catecholamines
Glucocorticoids
ACTH
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 58-year-old patient with acute cardiac insufficiency has decreased volume of daily urine oliguria. What is the mechanism of this phenomenon?
Rise of hydrostatic blood pressure in capillars
Decreased number of functioning glomerules
Drop of oncotic blood pressure
Reduced permeamility of renal filter
Decreased glomerular filtration
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 60-year-old man felt asleep after cerebral hemorrhage for a long time. Damage of what structure caused this state?
Hippocampus
Black substance
Nuclears of the cerebral nerves
Cortex of the large hemispheres
Reticular formation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Tuberculosis can be treated by means of combined chemotherapy that includes substances with different mechanisms of action.What antituberculous medication inhibits transcription of RNA into DNA in mycobacteria?
Ethionamide
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Streptomycin
Para-aminosalicylic acid
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient experienced a sudden temperature rise up to 390C. After 6 hours the temperature normalized. On the 2-nd day the attack recurred: in the period of paroxysm the temperature reached 410C, apyrexial period began after 8 hours. What type of temperature profile is it?
Recurrent
Continued
Intermitting
Septic
Hectic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cerebral trauma caused increase of ammonia formation. What aminoacid takes part in removal of ammonia from cerebral tissue?
Tyrosine
Tryptophan
Glutamic
Lisine
Valine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Microscopic examination of the sputum of a patient with pneumonia occasionally revealed some larvae. Eosi-nophiles were detected on blood examination. What helminthiasis can be diagnosed?
Paragonimiasis
Opisthorchosis
Ascariasis
Enterobiosis
Trichocephaliasis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 40-year-old woman was admitted to the infectious diseases department with high body temperature. Objectively: marked meningeal symptoms. A spinal cord punction was made. What anatomic formation was puncturated?
Cisterna cerebellomedullaris posterior
Spatium epidurale
Spatium subarachnoideum
Spatium subdurale
Cavum trigeminale
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The energy inputs of a healthy man have been measured. In what state was the patient if his energy inputs were less than the main exchange?
Sleep
Nervous exertion
Rest
Easy work
Calmness
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a newborn boy’s genitals revealed a cleft of urethra that opens on the inferior surface of his penis. What developmental anomaly is meant?
Monorchism
Epispadia
Hermaphroditism
Cryptorchism
Hypospadia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
To prevent long-term effects of 4-day malaria a 42-year-old patient was prescribed primaquine. On the 3-rd day from the begin of treatment there appeared stomach and heart pains, dyspepsia, general cyanosis, hemoglobinuria. What caused side effects of the preparation?
Cumulation of the preparation
Decreased activity of microsomal liver enzymes
Delayed urinary excretion of the preparation
Drug potentiation by other preparations
Genetic insufficiency of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 17-year-old boy fell seriously ill, body temperature rose up to 38,50C, there is cough, rhinitis, lacrimation, nasal discharges. What kind of inflammation is it?
Hemorrhagic inflammation
Suppurative inflammation
Fibrinous inflammation
Catarrhal inflammation
Serous inflammation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A genetics specialist analyzed the genealogy of a family and found that both males and females may have the illness, not across all the generations, and that healthy parents may have ill children. What is the type of illness inheritance?
X-linked recessive
Y-linked
X-linked dominant
Autosomal recessive
Autosomal dominant
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient who has been treated with diazepam on account of neurosis complains of toothache. Doctor administered him an analgetic, but its dose was lower than average therapeutic dose. What phenomenon did the doctor take into account while prescribing the patient an underdose?
Potentiation
Tolerance
Cumulation
Summation
Drug dependence
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Inflammatory process of modified subserous layer around cervix of the uterus caused an intensive pain syndrome. In what region of genitals does the pathological process take place?
Parametrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium
Endometrium
Mesometrium
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Analysis of amniotic fluid that was obtained as a result of amniocentesis (puncture of amniotic sac) revealed cells the nuclei of which contain sex chromatin (Barr’s body). What can it be evidence of?
Genetic disorders of fetus development
Trisomy
Development of male fetus
Polyploidy
Development of female fetus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 2-year-old child has got intestinal dysbacteriosis, which resultsed in hemorrhagic syndrome. What is the most likely cause of hemorrhage of the child?
Hypocalcemia
PP hypovitaminosis
Vitamin K deficiency
Fibrinogen deficiency
Activation of tissue thromboplastin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Autopsy of a 46-year-old man revealed multiple brown-and-green layers and hemmorhages on the mucous membrane of rectum and sigmoid colon; slime and some blood in colon lumen; histologically - fibrinous colitis. In course of bacteriological analysis of colon contents S.Sonne were found. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Crohn’s disease
Yersiniosis
Dysentery
Cholera
Salmonellosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient had been ill with bronchial asthma for many years and died from asthmatic fit. Histologic lung examination revealed: lumen of bronchioles and small bronches contain a lot of mucus with some eosinophils, there is sclerosis of alveolar septums, dilatation of alveole lumen. What mechanism of development of hypersensibility reaction took place?
Granulomatosis
Reagin reaction
Immunocomplex reaction
Cytotoxic reaction
Cytolysis determined by lymphocytes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
To anaesthetize the surgical treatment of burn surface, a patient was intravenously injected a medication for short-acting narcosis. 1 minute later the patient being under anaesthesia showed increased blood pressure, tachycardia, increased tone of skeletal muscles; reflexes remained. After recovering from anaesthesia the patient had disorientation and visual hallucinations. What medication was the patient injected?
Thiopental sodium
Diethyl ether
Nitrous oxide
Ketamine
Sombrevin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Desulfiram is widely used in medical practice to prevent alcocholism. It inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase. Increased level of what metabolite causes aversion to alcochol?
Methanol
Propionic aldehyde
Malonyl aldehyde
Ethanol
Acetaldehyde
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 1-year-old child with symptoms of muscle involvement was admitted to the hospital. Examination revealed carnitine deficiency in his muscles. What process disturbance is the biochemical basis of this pathology?
Regulation of Ca2+ level in mi-tochondrions
Transporting of fatty acids to mi-tochodrions
Actin and myosin synthesis
Substrate phosphorylation
Lactic acid utilization
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient died from acute cardiac insufficiency. The histological examination of his heart revealed the necrotized section in myocardium of the left ventricle, which was separated from undamaged tissue by the zone of hyperimic vessels, small hemorrhages and leukocytic infiltration. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Diffuse exudate myocarditis
Productive myocarditis
Myocardial ischemic dystrophy
Myocardial infarction
Focal exudate myocarditis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Kidneys of a man under examination show increased resorbtion of calcium ions and decreased resorbtion of phosphate ions. What hormone causes this phenomenon?
Parathormone
Vasopressin
Aldosterone
Hormonal form D3
Thyrocalcitonin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An isolated cell of human heart automatically generates excitation impulses with frequency 60 times pro mi- nute. What structure does this cell belong to?
Sinoatrial node
His’ bundle
Atrioventricular node
Ventricle
Atrium
‹ Назад
Далі ›
While preparing a patient to the operation the heart chambers’ pressure was measured. In one of them the pressure changed during one heart cycle from 0 to 120 mm Hg. What chamber of heart was it?
-
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Part of alveoles of a preterm infant didn’t spread because of enhanced elastic recoil of lungs. How can this recoil be reduced?
By surfactant introduction
By fluid suction from the respiratory tracts
By artificial pulmonary ventilation
By glycose introduction
By pure oxygene inhalation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A young man has a painlessl formation without marked borders in the soft tissues of his thigh. On the tissue bioptate the formation looks like flesh of fish and consists of immature fibroblastlike cells with multiple mitosis growing through the muscles. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Myosarcoma
Cancer
Fibroma
Myoma
Fibrosarcoma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In course of prophylactic medical examination a 7-year-old boy was diagnosed to have daltonism. Parents are healthy, color vision is normal. But grandfather from the mother’s side has the same disorder. What is the type of inheriting of this anomaly?
Autosomal-dominant
Dominant, sex-linked
Autosomal-recessive
Incomplete domination
Recessive, sex-linked
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Objective examination of a patient revealed: slender figure, big skull, highly developed frontal region of face, short extremities. What constitutional type is it characteristic for?
Mixed
Muscular
Respiratory
Cerebral
Digestive
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 38-year-old patient died during intractable attack of bronchial asthma. Histologic examination revealed mucus accumulation in bronchial lumen, a lot of fat cells (labrocytes) in the wall of bronches, many of them are in the state of degranulation, there are also a lot of eosinophils. What pathogenesis of bronchial changes is it?
Atopy
Immunocomplex mechanism
Cellular cytolysis
Granulomatosis
Cytotoxic, cytolytic action of antibodies
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with thrombophlebitis of lower extremities had got chest pains, blood spitting, growing respiratory failure that caused his death. Autopsy revealed multiple pulmonary infarctions. What is the most probable reason of their development?
Bronchial artery thrombosis
Pulmonary venous thrombosis
Bronchial artery embolism
Pulmonary artery thrombosis
Pulmonary artery embolism
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Diabetes mellitus causes ketosis as a result of activated oxidation of fatty acids. What disorders of acid-base equilibrium may be caused by excessive accumulation of ketone bodies in blood?
Any changes woun’t happen
Respiratory alcalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alcalosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman with 0 (I) bllod group has born a child with AB blood group. This woman’s husband has A blood group. What genetic interaction explains this phenomenon?
Polymery
Incomplete dominance
Complementation
Codominance
Recessive epistasis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 30-year-old woman was diagnosed with insufficiency of exocrinous function of pancreas. Hydrolisis of what nutrients will be disturbed?
Proteins
Fats, carbohydrates
Proteins, fats
Proteins, fats, carbohydrates
Proteins, carbohydrates
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 39-year-old woman has madescence in the region of mammilla, a small ulcer with inflammatory hyperemia and cutaneous edema. Histologic examination of tissue sampling from this area revealed in the malpighian layer of thickened epidermis atypical cells with light and optically empty cytoplasm, with no intracellular bridges. Such cells were also found in the orifice of big mammal gland ducts. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Paget’s disease
Intraductal cancer
Epidermoid cancer
Melanocarcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200