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Step 1 - Stomatology 2010
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2 із 200
As a result of iodine deficiency in foodstuffs Transcarpathian people often have endemic goiter. This disease is caused by the following type of variability:
Modification
Ontogenetic
Correlative
Combinatorial
Mutational
3 із 200
A girl who was provisionally diagnosed with Turner’s syndrome came to a genetic consultation. The diagnosis can be specified by means of the following genetic method:
Sex chromatin test
Hybridological
Genealogical
Dermatoglyphics
Biochemical
4 із 200
A scientific expedition in India was guided by a native who had never parted with his dog. What invasion diseases can be transmitted to the participants of the expedition as a result of contacts with this dog if it is known to be the source of invasion?
Echinococcosis
Dicroceliasis
Paragonimiasis
Teniasis
Fascioliasis
5 із 200
Inside a human cell the informational RNA containing both exons and introns was delivered to the granular endoplasmic reticulum to the ribosomes. What process does NOT take place?
Processing
Prolongation
Replication
Translation
Transcription
6 із 200
Two weeks after hemotransfusion a patient developed fever. What protozoal disease can be suspected?
Malaria
Toxoplasmosis
Leishmaniasis
Amebiasis
Trypanosomiasis
7 із 200
Examination of a patient’s oral cavity revealed contacting cutting edges of his superior and inferior incisors. Such tooth position is typical for the following occlusion:
Direct occlusion
Prognathism
Orthognathia
Biprognathic occlusion
Closed occlusion
8 із 200
A patient has myocardial infarction in the region of the frontal wall of the left ventricle. Circulatory dysfunction occurred in the following vascular basin:
Frontal interventricular branch of the left coronary artery
Marginal branch of the left coronary artery
Frontal ventricular branch of the right coronary artery
Circumflex branch of the left coronary artery
Atrioventricular branch of the left coronary artery
9 із 200
As a result of a trauma a patient is unable to extend his cubital articulation. This may be caused by dysfunction of the following muscle:
Musculus triceps brachii
Musculus subscapularis
Musculus infraspinatus
Musculus teres major
Musculus levator scapule
10 із 200
What artery may be damaged during the conduction anesthetization in the region of the mandibular foramen?
Inferior alveolar artery
Pterygoid branches
Buccal artery
Lingual artery
Median meningeal artery
11 із 200
A 65-year-old male patient complains about being unable to move his lower jaw in backward direction. It was revealed that after a fall the following muscle was damaged:
Temporal
Masticatory
Digastric
Medial pterygopalatine
Lateral pterygopalatine
12 із 200
As a result of a cold a patient has the abnormal pain and temperature sensitivity of the frontal 2 /3 of his tongue. Which nerve must be damaged?
Trigeminus
Sublingual
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
13 із 200
A patient has torticollis. Which neck muscle is damaged?
M.sternocleidomastoideus
M.sternohyoideus
M.omohyoideus
M.mylohyoideus
M.platisma
14 із 200
Examination of a patient who complains of deglutitive problem revealed a tumour-like eminence 1-2 cm in diameter on the tongue root in the region of the cecal foramen. These are overgrown remnants of the following gland:
Thyroid
Sublingual
Parathyroid
Adenohypophysis
Thymus
15 із 200
A patient complains about having pain during mastication, especially when he moves his jaw forward or sideward. What muscles are damaged?
Lateral pterygoid
Masticatory
Temporal
Medial pterygoid
Mylohyoid
16 із 200
While operating on a tumour of abdominal part of ureter a doctor should be aware of an important arterial vessel located in front of it. Which vessel is it?
A.testicularis
A.ileocolica
A.iliaca communis
A.iliaca interna
A.renalis
17 із 200
A boy has fallen down from the tree. Now he finds it difficult to abduct his arm till it takes horizontal position. Which muscle is most probably injured?
M.deltoideus
M.coracobrachialis
M.anconeus
M.supinator
M.triceps brachii
18 із 200
During an operation on a woman it became necessary to ligate her uterine artery. What formation can be accidentally ligated together with this artery?
Ureter
Internal iliac vein
Round ligament of uterus
Uterine tube
Urethra
19 із 200
Heart auscultation revealed diastolic murmur in the II intercostal space along the right parasternal line. This is the evidence of the following valve pathology:
Aortic valve
Tricuspid
-
Valve of pulmonary trunk
Bicuspid
20 із 200
A female patient with a tumour of pancreas has developed mechanic jaundice resulting from compression of a bile-excreting duct. Which duct is compressed?
Ductus choledochus
Ductus cysticus
Ductus hepaticus dexter
Ductus hepaticus sinister
Ductus hepaticus communis
21 із 200
A histological specimen presenting a tooth slice shows that the intercellular dentin substance contains collagen fibers being tangential to the dentinoenamel junction and perpendicular to the dentinal tubules (Ebner’s fibers). This dentin layer is called:
Parapulpar dentin
Secondary dentin
Granular layer
Mantle dentin
Interglobular dentin
22 із 200
A 35 y.o. patient diagnosed with sterility came to gynaecological department for diagnostic biopsy of endometrium. Microscopic examination revealed that mucous membrane is edematous, uterine glands are convoluted and filled with thick secreta. Such changes in the endometrium are caused by excess of the following hormon:
Progesterone
Testosterone
ACTH
Somatotropin
Estrogen
23 із 200
Blood analysis of a 16-year-old girl suffering from the autoimmune inflammation of thyroid gland revealed multiple plasmatic cells. Such increase in plasmocyte number is caused by proliferation and differentiation of the following blood cells:
B-lymphocytes
T-supressors
Tissue basophils
T-helpers
T-killers
24 із 200
A patient underwent gastroscopy that revealed insufficient amount of mucus covering the mucous membrane. This phenomenon is caused by the dysfunction of the following cells of stomach wall:
Cells of prysmatic glandular epithelium
Parietal cells of gastric glands
Endocrinocytes
Principal exocrinocytes of gastric glands
Cervical cells of gastric glands
25 із 200
During postembryonal haemopoiesis in the red bone marrow the cells of one of the cellular differons demonstrate a gradual decrease in cytoplasmic basophilia as well as an increase in oxyphilia, the nucleus is being forced out. Such morphological changes are typical for the following haemopoiesis type:
Erythropoiesis
Neutrophil cytopoiesis
Basophil cytopoiesis
Lymphopoiesis
Eosinophil cytopoiesis
26 із 200
Underdevelopment of which parts of facial skeleton in the embryonal period is the reason for such a malformation as cleft palate?
Palatine processes
Frontal processes
Frontal and maxillary processes
Mandibular and palatine processes
Mandibular processes
27 із 200
Obliterating atherosclerosis causes changes in the vessels of the lower extermities. A histological specimen of such a vessel evidently presents both internal and external elastic membranes, middle membrane contains a lot of myocytes. What vessel is affected in case of this disease?
Artery of muscular type
Vein with strongly developed muscles
Artery of mixed type
Lymph node
Artery of elastic type
28 із 200
Examination of uterine cavity revealed an embryonated ovum that wasn’t attached to the endometrium. The embryo is in the following stage of development:
Blastocyst
Morula
Zygote
Gastrula
Neurula
29 із 200
A histological specimen of an eyeball shows a structure in form of a convexoconvex formation connected with the ciliary body by the fibers of ciliary zonule and covered with a transparent capsule. Specify this structure:
Crystalline lens
Cornea
Vitreous body
Sclera
Ciliary body
30 із 200
A 30-year-old woman has subnormal concentration of enzymes in the pancreatic juice. This might be caused by the hyposecretion of the following gastrointestinal hormone:
Cholecystokinin-pancreozymin
Somatostatin
Gastro-inhibiting peptide
Secretin
Vaso-intestinal peptide
31 із 200
It is known that people who permanently live in highland have an increased concentration of erythrocytes per each blood volume unit. Owing to this fact blood can optimally fulfil the following function:
Gas transport
Amino acid transport
Maintenance of acid-base balance
Maintenance of ionic equilibrium
Haemostasis participation
32 із 200
While exercising on a bicycle ergometer a sportsman was trying to choose such a load that would allow him to achieve the maximal performance of his muscles. What load intensity is required in this case?
Middle
Continuous minimal
Minimal
Maximal
Alternating minimal and maximal
33 із 200
A lightly dressed man is standing in a room; air temperature is + 14°C. Windows and doors are closed. In what way does he loose heat most of all?
Heat radiation
Heat conduction
Evaporation
Perspiration
Convection
34 із 200
ECG of a patient shows that T-waves in the second standard extremity lead are positive, their amplitude and duration are normal. It would be true that the following pocess is taking its normal course in the cardiac ventricles:
Repolarization
Contraction
Excitement
Relaxation
Depolarization
35 із 200
A 70-year-old patient is diagnosed with brainstem haemorrhage. Examination revealed increased tonus of flexor muscles accompanied by decreased tonus of extensor muscles. Such changes in muscle tonus can be explained by the irritation of the following brain structures:
Red nuclei
Quadrigeminal plate
Black substance
Reticular formation
Vestibular nuclei
36 із 200
A patient who takes a blocker of membrane cytoreceptors of efferent conductor synapses of autonomic nervous system complains about dry mouth. What receptors are blocked?
Muscarinic cholinoreceptors
H2 -receptors
^-adrenoreceptors
Nicotinic cholinoreceptors
3- adrenoreceptors
37 із 200
A child has abnormal formation of tooth enamel and dentin as a result of low concentration of calcium ions in blood. Such abnormalities might be caused by deficiency of the following hormone:
Parathormone
Somatotropic hormone
Thyrocalcitonin
Triiodothyronine
Thyroxin
38 із 200
ECG of a patient showed that RR interval equaled 1,5 s, heart rate equaled 40 bpm. What is the cardiac pacemaker?
Atrioventricular node
His’ bundle
Right branch of His’ bundle
Left branch of His’ bundle
Sinus node
39 із 200
Examination of a patient revealed that he had a strong, balanced, inert type of higher nervous activity according to Pavlov’s classification. What temperament has this patient according to Hippocrate?
Phlegmatic
Sanguine
Melancholic
-
Choleric
40 із 200
Glucose concentration in a patient’s blood is 15 millimole/l (reabsorption threshold is 10 millimole/l). What effect can be expected?
Glucosuria
Reduced vasopressin secretion
Diuresis reduction
Reduced aldosterone secretion
Reduced glucose reabsorption
41 із 200
After destruction of CNS structure an animal lost its orientative reflexes. What exactly was destroyed?
Quadrigeminal plate
Lateral vestibular nuclei
Black substance
Medial reticular nuclei
Red nuclei
42 із 200
It was determined that basal metabolic rate of a patient under study increased due value by 8 %. This means that the intensity of energetic metabolism processes in this patient is :
Normal
Essentially increased
Essentially inhibited
Moderately inhibited
Moderately increased
43 із 200
Blood of a child and putative father was referred to forensic medical examination for affiliation. What chemical components should be identified in the blood under study?
DNA
Transfer RNA
Messenger RNA
SnRNA
Ribosomal RNA
44 із 200
A 13-year-old patient complains of general weakness, dizziness, fatiguabili-ty. Mental retardation is also observed. Examination revealed high concentration of valine, isoleucine and leucine in blood and urine. The patient’s urine has a specific smell. What is the likely cause of such condition?
Maple syrup urine disease
Histidinemia
Addison’s disease
Tyrosinosi
Basedow’s disease
45 із 200
A patient complains about attacks of laboured breathing, dizziness. He works at a chemical plant producing hydrocyanic acid. The described symptoms might be associated with dysfunction of the following enzyme:
Cytochrome oxidase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Lactate dehydrogenase
Catalase
Succinate dehydrogenase
46 із 200
A patient has increased pyruvate concentration in blood. Large amount of it is excreted with urine. What vitamin deficiency is observed?
Bi
B2
B6
B3
E
47 із 200
A man is in the state of rest. He has been forcing himself to breath deeply and frequently for 3-4 minutes. What effect will it have upon acid-bace balance of the organism?
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
There will be no change in acid-base balance
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
48 із 200
A patient with high obesity was recommended to take carnitine as a food additive for better fat burning. What function is fulfilled by carnitine in the process of fat oxidation?
Transport of fatty acids from the cytosol to the mitochondria
Participation in one of the reactions of beta-oxidation of fatty acids
Fatty acid activation
Intracellular lipolysis activation
Transport of fatty acids from the fat depots to the tissues
49 із 200
Examination of urine in a newborn revealed presence of citrulline and high ammonia concentration. This baby is most likely to have the disorder of the following substance production:
Urea
Creatine
Uric acid
Creatinine
Ammonia
50 із 200
Pellagra may be caused by maize domination and low quantity of animal foodstuffs in the dietary intake. This pathology results from lack of the following amino acid:
Tryptophane
Histidine
Isoleucine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
51 із 200
Parodontitis is treated with calcium preparations and a hormone that stimulates tooth mineralization and inhibits tissue resorption. What hormone is it?
Calcitonin
Thyroxine
Adrenalin
Parathormone
Aldosterone
52 із 200
At an altitude of 14000 m an aircraft experienced a sudden loss of cabin pressure. The pilot must have developed the following type of embolism:
Gaseous
Thromboembolism
Fat embolism
Foreign body embolism
Air embolism
53 із 200
Introduction of a local anesthetic to a patient resulted in the development of anaphylactic shock. What is the leading mechanism of blood circulation disturbance?
Decrease of vascular tone
Hypervolemia
Pain
Reduction of contractile myocardium function
Activation of sympathoadrenal system
54 із 200
A teenger had his tooth extracted under novocain anaesthesia. 10 minutes later he presented with skin pallor, dyspnea, hypotension. When this reaction is developed and the allergen achieves tissue basophils, it reacts with:
IgE
IgD
T-lymphocytes
IgM
IgA
55 із 200
A 50-year-old male patient suffers from chronic bronchitis, complains about dyspnea during physical activity, sustained cough with sputum. After examination he was diagnosed with pulmonary emphysema. This complication is caused by:
Decrease in lung elasticity
Decrease in lung compliance
Ventilation-perfusion disbalance
Decrease in lung perfusion
Decrease in alveolar ventilation
56 із 200
A woman with intractable vomiting was admitted to the infectious disease ward.What changes of water-salt metabolism are likely to be observed?
Hypo-osmolar dehydration
Hyperosmolar dehydration
Hyper-osmolar hyperdehydration
Hypo-osmolar hyperdehydration
Iso-osmolar dehydration
57 із 200
A chemical industry worker complains about enamel wear. Objectively: generalized destruction of dental crowns along with replacing dentin formation. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Necrosis of hard tooth tissues
Fluorosis
Dental erosion
Wedge-shaped defects
Median caries
58 із 200
Examination of a 30-year-old man’s mandible revealed in the region of his molar a dense tumour-like formation that significantly deformed the mandible. Here and there the formation wasn’t fully detached from the bone tissue. Microscopical examination of a tissue sampling revealed that stroma had some cords and follicles with odontogenous cylindric epithelial cells in peripheria and stellate cells resembling of the enamel oragan pulp in the centre. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Ameloblastoma
Adenocarcinoma
Adenomatoid tumour
Primary intraosteal cancer
Osteoclastoma
59 із 200
A female patient suffering from secondary syphilis got foci of skin depigmentation in the upper parts of her back. What pathological process is it?
Leukoderma
Leukoplasia
Parakeratosis
Metaplasia
Dysplasia
60 із 200
A 14-year-old patient was diagnosed with Hutchinson’s triad: barrel-shaped incisors, parenchymatous keratitis and deafness. The revealed presentations are consistent with the following disease:
Syphilis
Opisthorchiasis
Toxoplasmosis
Tuberculosis
Lepra
61 із 200
Autopsy of a 70-year-old man who died from cardiac insufficiency revealed deformed and constricted coronary arteries. The artery section shows that the inti-mal surface is stony hard and fragile. It is also whitish, with nodular appearance. What stage of atherosclerosis is it?
Atherocalcinosis
Lipoidosis
Ulceration
Liposclerosis
Atheromatosis
62 із 200
Autopsy of an aged man who had been suffering from acute intestinal upset for the last 2 weeks revealed the following changes in the rectum and sigmoid colon: mucous membrane surface was coated with brown-green film. The intestine wall was thickened, and its cavity was extremely constricted. Microscopical examination revealed variously deep penetrating necrosis of mucous membrane; necrotic masses contained fibrin fibers and bore signs of leukocytic infiltration. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Fibrinous colitis
-
Ulcerative colitis
Follicular collitis
Catarrhal colitis
63 із 200
Autopsy of a man, who died from typhoid fever on the 5th day of disease, revealed the following changes: aggregated follicles of ileum were enlarged and plethoric; they protruded over the mucous membrane, and multiple sulci and convolutions could be seen on their surface. Histological examinatio revealed plethority and edema of tissues, presense of granulomas composed of big cells with light cytoplasm and containing typhoid bacilli. These local changes are compliant with the following period of typhoid fever:
Stage of medullary swelling
Stage of clean ulcers
Stage of ulcer healing
Stage of ulceration
Stage of necrosis
64 із 200
Autopsy of a 68 year old man who died from chronic cardiac insufficiency revealed deformed, thickened, conjoined cusps of mitral valve. Along the edge of joining there were small (1-2 mm) thrombs. What form of endocarditis caused development of chronic cardiac insufficiency?
Recurrent verrucous
Polypoulcerous
Diffuse
Fibroplastic
Acute verrucous
65 із 200
A 5 y.o. child had a temperature rise up to 40oC, acute headache, vomiting, anxiety, chill. 4 days later there appeared hemorrhagic skin eruption, oliguria and adrenal insufficiency that caused death. Bacteriological examination of smears from the child’s pharynx revealed meningococcus. What disease form was revealed?
Meningococcemia
Meningoencephalitis
-
Meningococcal meningitis
Meningicoccal nasopharyngitis
66 із 200
Autopsy of a man, who died from acute posthaemorrhagic anaemia resulting from pulmonary haemorrhage, revealed the following: macroscopically -lung apexes were deformed, their section showed multiple whitish-grey foci 10-15 mm in diameter and multiple pathological cavities up to 15 mm in diameter with dense walls. Microscopically: the cavity walls presented proliferation of the connective tissue infiltrated by epithelioid cells, multicellular giant cells and lymphocytes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Secondary fibrocavernous tuberculosis
Progressing tuberculosis complex
Primary tuberculosis without signs of progress
Hematogenic disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis
Hematogenic miliary pulmonary tuberculosis
67 із 200
Vaccination is done by means of a toxin that has been neutralized by a formaldehyde (0,4%) at a temperature 37 — 40oC for four weeks. Ramond was the first to apply this preparation for diphtheria prophylaxis. What preparation is it?
Anatoxin
Adjuvant
Immunoglobulin
Antitoxic serum
Inactivated vaccine
68 із 200
A 65-year-old patient with chronic heart failure has been taking digitoxin in self-administered dosages for a long time. She was admitted to the hospital for general health aggravation, arrhythmia, nausea, reduced diuresis, insomnia. What is the primary action to be taken?
To withhold digitoxin
To administer strophanthine intravenously
To reduce digitoxin dosage
To administer digoxin
To give an intravenous injection of calcium gluconate solution
69 із 200
In a surgical department of a stomatological polyclinic a patient is being prepared for tooth extraction. What drug should be added to the solution of a local anaesthetic in order to prolong its action?
Adrenalin hydrochloride
Noradrenaline hydrotartrate
Isadrine
Octadine
Salbutamol
70 із 200
A patient diagnosed with acute pancreatitis was admitted to the surgical department. Which drug administration would be pathogenetically grounded?
Contrical
Fibrinolysin
Chymotripsin
Pancreatin
Tripsin
71 із 200
A patient complains about shin pain which is getting worse during walking. Objectively: there is an edema and reddening along the vein. A doctor administered a direct coagulant to be applied topically. What drug can be applied for this purpose?
Heparin ointment
Butadion ointment
Troxevasin ointment
Thrombin
Salicylic ointment
72 із 200
A patient complains about retrosternal pain, dyspnea and palpitation. After examination he was diagnosed with coronary heart disease and prescribed verapamil. What is the mechanism of its action?
It blocks calcium channels
It blocks ^-adrenoreceptors
It blocks sodium channels
It blocks 3-adrenoreceptors
It blocks potassium channels
73 із 200
A patient consulted a dentist about the temporomandibular joint arthritis. The dentist administered an ointment containing diclofenac sodium. What is its mechanism of action?
Cyclooxigenase inhibition
Opiate receptor block
Phospholipase inhibition
Cyclooxigenase activation
Opiate receptor activation
74 із 200
A newborn didn’t take his first breath. Autopsy revealed that in spite of unobstructed respiratory tracts the baby’s lungs didn’t expand. What might be the cause of it?
Surfactant absence
Bronchi rupture
Apical cap of lung
Bronchostenosis
Alveole enlargement
75 із 200
A patient is found to have increased permeability of blood vessel walls accompanied by increased gingival haemorrhage, petechial skin haemorrhages, dedentition. What pathology is observed in this patient?
Hypovitaminosis C
Hypervitaminosis C
Hypovitaminosis A
Hypervitaminosis D
Hypovitaminosis D
76 із 200
As a result of a trauma a patient has damaged frontal spinal roots. What structures are likely to be affected?
Axons of the motoneurons and axons of the lateral horn neurons
Central processes of the sensory neurons of the spinal ganglions
Peripheral processes of the sensory neurons of the spinal ganglions
Dendrites of the spinal ganglion neurons
Axons of the lateral horn neurons
77 із 200
While being at the dentist’s a patient had an attack of bronchial asthma. The dentist applied a 3- adrenomimetic drug in form of inhalations. What drug was applied?
Salbutamol
Adrenaline hydrochloride
Ephedrine hydrochloride
Atropine sulfate
Aminophylline
78 із 200
A patient complains of headache, difficult respiration. Rhoentgenologi-cal examination allowed to confirm the following diagnosis: frontitis (frontal sinus inflammation). Which nasal meatus may contain purulent discharges?
Median
Superior
Inferior
Above the superior nasal turbinate
Common
79 із 200
While examining a blood smear taken form a patient and stained by Romanovsky’s method a doctor revealed some protozoa and diagnozed the patient with Chagas disease. What protozoan is the causative agent of this disease?
Trypanosoma cruzi
Leishmania donovani
Toxoplasma gondii
Leishmania tropica
Trypanosoma brucei
80 із 200
The air in a room has increased concentration of carbonic acid. What respiratory changes ( depth and rate) will be observed in a person after entering this room?
Increase in depth and rate
Decrease in depth
Increase in rate
Decrease in rate
Increase in depth
81 із 200
A 38 year old patient takes aspirin and sulfanilamides. After their intake intensified erythrocyte haemolysis is observed which is caused by deficiency of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. This pathology is caused by failure of the following coenzyme:
NADP - H
Pyridoxal phosphate
FAD - H2
Ubiquinone
FMN - H2
82 із 200
A child suspected for tuberculosis underwent Mantoux test. 24 hours after allergen injection there appeared a swelling, hyperaemia and tenderness. What are the main components in the development of this reaction?
Mononuclears, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
Macrophages, B-lymphocytes and monocytes
Plasmatic cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
B-lymphocytes, IgM
Granulocytes, T-lymphocytes and IgG
83 із 200
Children often have laboured nasal breathing which is caused by overdevelopment of lymphoid tissue of the pharyngeal mucous membrane. This phenomenon may cause enlargement of the following tonsils:
Tonsilla pharyngea
Tonsilla palatina
All above-mentioned
Tonsilla tubaria
Tonsilla lingualis
84 із 200
The total number of leukocytes in patient’s blood is 90 • 109/l. Leukogram: eosinophils - 0%, basophils - 0%, juvenile - 0%, stab neutrophils - 2%, segmentonuclear cells - 20%, lymphoblasts -1%, prolymphocytes - 2%, lymphocytes - 70%, monocytes - 5%, BotkinGumprecht cells. Clinical examination revealed enlarged cervical and submandibular lymph nodes. Such clinical presentations are typical for the following pathology:
Chronic lympholeukosis
Acute lympholeukosis
Infectious mononucleosis
Chronic myeloleukosis
Lymphogranulomatosis
85 із 200
In the mountains some clinically healthy people present with anaemia symptoms. Blood test can reveal sickle cells. What is the genotype of such people?
Aa
AA
aa
XCXc
XcXc
86 із 200
A female patient suffering from chronic hepatitis complains about an increased susceptibility to barbiturates, which previously induced no syptoms of intoxication. This may be explained through the folllowing liver dysfunction:
Metabolic
Hemodynamic
Cholepoietic
Phagocytal
Hemopoietic
87 із 200
Bacteriological analysis of purulent discharges from urethra revealed presence of gramnegative bacteria resembling of coffee beans, which were able to decompose glucose and maltose into acid. They were found in the leukocytes. These bacteria are causative agents of the following disease:
Gonorrhoea
Melioidosis
Venereal lymphogranulomatosis
Ulcul molle
Syphilis
88 із 200
Examination of a 35-year-old patient included histological analysis of the red bone marrow punctate that revealed a significant increase in the megakaryocyte number. This will cause the following alterations in the peripheral blood:
Thrombocytopenia
Leukopenia
Agranulocytosis
Thrombocytosis
Leukocytosis
89 із 200
According to the law of constant chromosome number, each species of most animals has a definite and constant number of chromosomes. The mechani-smus providing this constancy in sexual reproduction of the organisms is called:
Meiosis
Gemmation
Amitosis
Shizogony
Regeneration
90 із 200
While under barbituric anaesthesia a 65-year-old male patient developed respiratory inhibition. Anesthesiologist made him a 10 ml intravenous injection of 0,5% bemegride solution. The patient’s condition got better, the pulmonary ventilation volume increased. What phenomenon underlies the interaction of these medi-vcations?
Direct antagonism
Unilateral antagonism
Direct synergism
Indirect synergism
Indirect antagonism
91 із 200
A 45-year-old patient was admitted to the resuscitation department with a laryngeal edema. During tracheotomy a surgeon accidentally cut across the jugular venous arch that lies within:
Spatium interaponeuroticum suprasternale
Spatium interscalenum
Spatium retropharyngeale
Spatium antescalenum
Spatium pretracheale
92 із 200
During physical exercise people are less sensitive to pain. The reason for it is the activation of:
Antinociceptive system
Adrenal gland functions
Sympathoadrenal system
Thyroid gland functions
Nociceptive system
93 із 200
30 minutes after a road accident a 35-year-old man was found to have a massive trauma of his lower extremities without significant external haemorrhage. The injured is in excited state. What is the leading component of traumatic shock pathogenesis that requires immediate correction?
Pain
Internal haemorrhage
Internal organs dysfunction
Internal plasm loss
Intoxication
94 із 200
A patient was diagnosed with seborrheic dermatitis associated with vitamin H (biotin) deficiency. The patient has disturbed activity of the following enzyme:
Acetyl-CoA-carboxylase
Amino transferase
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Pyruvate decarboxylase
Carbomoyl phosphate synthetase
95 із 200
A 60-year-old patient consulted a doctor about retrosternal pain arising immediately after physical exercise. He was prescribed nitroglycerin. The medication relieved retrosternal pain but the patient got acute headache. What is the likely mechanism of this side effect?
Intracranial pressure rise
^-adrenoreceptor block
Inhibited formation of mediators in brain
Reduced accumulation of calcium ions
Phosphodiesterase block
96 із 200
Coprological examination of a patient’s feces revealed small operculate eggs. It is known from the anamnesis that the patient often consumes fish. What fluke parasitizes in the patient’s organism?
Cat liver fluke
Lancet fluke
Lung fluke
Blood fluke
Liver fluke
97 із 200
While on holiday in the countryside a boy found a spider with the following morphological peculiarities: body length at the rate of 2 cm, round black abdomen with two rows of red dots on its dorsal surface, four pairs of segmented extremities covered with tiny black hairs. Identify this arthropod:
Steppe spider (Latrodectus tredeci-mguttatus)
Scorpion
Tarantula
Mite
Solifugae
98 із 200
Clinical examination of a female patient revealed reduction of basal metabolism by 40%, gain in body mass, drop of body temperature, face puffiness, sexual disfunctions, inertness and apathy, lowered intelligence. These symptoms are caused by dysfunction of the following endocrine gland:
Hypofunction of thyroid gland
Epiphysis hypofunction
Hyperfunction of thyroid gland
Hypofunction of parathyroid glands
Hypophysis hyperfunction
99 із 200
Examination of a patient with an interbrain injury revealed the hearing impairment. What structures must be damaged?
Medial geniculate bodies of thalamus
Frontal nuclei of hypothalamus
Lateral geniculate bodies of thalamus
Intralaminar nuclei of hypothalamus
Medial nuclei of hypothalamus
100 із 200
As a result of a trauma apatient has developed traumatic shock. The patient is fussy, talkative, pale. AP- 140/90 mm Hg, Ps- 120 bpm. This condition is consistent with the following shock phase:
Erectile
Terminal
Latent
Torpid
-
101 із 200
A patient with toxic paralysis of respiratory centre was given several cordiamin injections intended to stimulate the respiratory centre. What side effect may arise?
Clonic convulsions
Tonic convulsions
Bronchiospasm
Collapse
Arrhythmia
102 із 200
A patient who has been treated for viral hepatitis B developed symptoms of hepatic insufficiency. What changes indicating disorder in protein metabolism are likely to be observed in this case?
Absolute hypoalbuminemia
Absolute hyperalbuminemia
Absolute hyperfibrinogenemia
Protein rate in blood will stay unchanged
Absolute hyperglobulinemia
103 із 200
Before an operation a 30-year-old male patient had his blood typed. It turned out to be Rhpositive. Erythrocytes were not agglutinated by standard sera of 0(I), A(II), B(III) groups. According to the AB0 blood group system this blood is of the following type:
0(I)
-
A(II)
AB(IV)
B(III)
104 із 200
As a result of a chest trauma the costal cartilage was damaged. The cartilage regenerates due to the following layer of perichondrium:
Chondrogenic
Collagen
Fibrous
Elastic
Sharpey’s fibers
105 із 200
After parenteral introduction of a medication a patient fell into a coma. He had Cheyne-Stokes respiration, apparently miotic pupils. The patellar reflex was preserved. What medication might have caused the intoxication?
Morphine hydrochloride
Analgine
Phenobarbital
Diazepam
Aminazine
106 із 200
A histological specimen of a mandibular gland shows an exctretory duct. Mucous membrane of the duct is lined with cubic epithelium whose cells have weakly developed organellas. What excretory duct is it?
Intercalated
Common excretory
-
Striated
Interlobular
107 із 200
During starvation normal rate of glucose is maintained by means of gluconeogenesis activation. What substance can be used as a substrate for this process?
Alanine
Urea
Guanine
Ammonia
Adenine
108 із 200
A patient has applied eye drops containing atropine which resulted in persistent mydriasis. Which muscle was blocked?
Pupil-contracting
Ciliate
Pupil-dilating
Rectus
Oblique
109 із 200
A pregnant woman lost for about 800 ml of blood during labour. There is also tachycardia, arterial pressure is 100/70 mm Hg, tachypnea up to 28/min. What hypoxia type is primary in such clinical situation?
Blood
Mixed
Respiratory
Tissue
Cardiovascular
110 із 200
A patient has coronary heart disease. For its treatment he was prescribed an antianginal drug that activates guanylate cyclase and accumulates cyclic guanosine monophosphate in the miocardium cells. What drug is it?
Isosorbide mononitrate
Dipiridamol
Verapamil
Panangine
Validol
111 із 200
A patient with convulsive contractions of facial muscles was admitted to the infectious disease ward. From a scratch on his lower right extremity analysts isolated bacteria with terminal endospores that gave them drumstick appearance. What bacteria are compliant with given descri- ption?
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium botulinum
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium perfringens
112 із 200
A patient complained about a carbuncle on his face. Examination results: neither dense nor painful edema of subcutaneous cellular tissue, there is black crust in the middle of the carbuncle and peripheral vesicular rash around it. Bacteriological examination revealed presence of immobile streptobacilli able of capsulation. What microorganisms are causative agents of this disease?
Bacillus antracis
Bacillus anthracoides
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus megaterium
Staptylococcus aureus
113 із 200
A scheme shows an exocrinous gland with an unbranched excretory duct into which only one terminal part in form of a saccule opens. In compliance with the morphological classification of exocrinous glands, such gland is called as follows:
Simple unbranched alveolar
Complex unbranched alveolar
Complex unbranched alveolar-tubular
Simple branched tubular
Complex branched alveolar
114 із 200
It was revealed that a patient with coagulation failure has thrombosis of a branch of inferior mesenteric artery. What bowel segment is affected?
Colon sigmoideum
Colon ascendens
Ileum
Colon transversum
Caecum
115 із 200
Researches of the latest decades established that immediate 'executors' of cell apoptosis are special enzymes called caspases. Generation of one of them proceeds with participation of cytochrome What is its function in a normal cell?
Enzyme of respiratory chain of electron transport
Component of H+ATP system
Enzyme of beta-oxidation of fatty acids
Enzyme of tricarboxylic acid cycle
Component of pyruvate-dehydrogenase system
116 із 200
A patient was admitted to a surgical department for an operation. He has to undergo neuroleptanalgesia. To achieve neuroleptanalgesia it would be rational to combine fentanyl with the following medicine:
Droperidol
Salbutamol
Pilocarpine
Fraxiparine
Cholosasum
117 із 200
To prevent possible negative effect upon the gastric mucsa a patient with rheumatoid arthritis was administered a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug - a COX-2 selective inhibitor. Specify this drug:
Celecoxib
Butadion
Acetylsalicinic acid
Analgine
Ibuprofen
118 із 200
Treatment of many diseases involves use of cocarboxylase (thiamine pyrophosphate) for supplying cells with energy. What metabolic process is activated in this case?
Oxidizing decarboxylation of pyruvate
Detoxication of harmful substances in liver
Glutamate deamination
Decarboxylation of biogenic amines
Amino acids decarboxylation
119 із 200
A patient suffering from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was prescribed glibenclamid internally. What is the mechanism of its hypoglycemic action?
It stimulates generation of endogenous insulin by beta cells
It inhibits gluconeogenesis in liver
It inhibits glucose absorption in the bowels
It intensifies utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues
It inhibits alpha glucosidase and polysaccharide breakdown
120 із 200
Dehelmintization of a patient revealed some long fragments of a helminth with segmented structure. Mature segments were rectangular, 30x12 mm large, closed-type matrix was in form of a stem with 17-35 lateral branches. Specify this helminth:
Hookless tapeworm
Echinococcus
Armed tapeworm
Dwarf tapeworm
Alveococcus
121 із 200
A patient with gastric ulcer underwent a course of treatment, which led to digestion normalization, pain relief, better mood. However in a few weeks the epigastric pain as well as heartburn and sour eructation recurred. Such course of the disease can be characterized as:
Relapse
Complication
Latent period
Prodromal period
Remission period
122 із 200
In hemotransfusions it is recommended to transfuse only phenotype-matched blood. According to the AB0 system, blood group is determined by:
Carbohydrate determinants of erythrocyte membranes
Protein determinants of erythrocyte membranes
Carbohydrate determinants of leukocyte membranes
Protein-polysaccharide components of leukocytes
Proteins of blood serum
123 із 200
A 35 year old man got a trauma that resulted in complete rupture of spinal cord at a level of the first cervical segment. What changes of respiration will be observed?
Respiration will come to a standstill
Respiration will become frequent and shallow
Respiration won’t change
Respiration will become diaphragmatic
Respiration will become infrequent and deep
124 із 200
Examination of a patient, suffering from atrophic gastritis, revealed megaloblastic anemia. The anemia is likely to be caused by the deficiency of the following substance:
Gastromucoproteid
Vitamin B6
Iron
Erythropoietins
Vitamin Bi
125 із 200
A patient suffering from syphilis was prescribed a drug the action of which based upon disturbed generation of murein leading to death of the causative agent. What drug is it?
Benzylpenicillin sodium salt
Azithromycin
Bijochinol
Doxycycline hydrochloride
Ciprofloxacin
126 із 200
A patient being treated in the burns department has suppurative complication. The pus is of bluish-green colour that is indicative of infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. What factor is typical for this causative agent?
Gram-negative stain
Cell pairing
Mycelium formation
Coccal form
Presense of spores
127 із 200
Specimen of a patient’s sputum was stained with the following dyes and reagents: Ziehl’s solution, methylene blue solution, 5% solutoin of sulfuric acid. What staining method was applied?
Ziehl-Neelsen
Gram’s
Burri’s
Neisser’s
Peshkov’s
128 із 200
Cystinuria in humans shows itself in form of cystine stones in kidneys (homozygotes) or else an increased rate of cystine in urine (heterozygotes). Cysti-nuria is a monogenic disease. Specify the type of interaction between cystinuria genes and normal rate of cystine in urine:
Semidominance
Complete dominance
Complementarity
Epistasis
Codomination
129 із 200
On examination a male patient was diagnosed with acute radiation dsease. Laboratory examination revealed abrupt decrease in serotonin found in blood platelets. A likely cause of decrease in serotonin concentration would be metabolic imbalance of the following substance:
5-oxytryptophane
Serine
Tyrosine
Phenyl alanine
Histidine
130 із 200
A 40 year old female patient has enlarged thyroid gland. On palpation the gland is dense, its surface is slightly tuberous. Histological examination of gland sample revealed diffuse infiltration of tissue by the cells, formation of lymphoid follicles. What disease is it?
Autoimmune thyroiditis
Riedel’s disease
Sporadic goiter
Endemic goiter
Diffuse toxic goiter
131 із 200
A patient was delivered to a hospital after having been exposed to ionizing radiation. He presents with vomiting, anorexia, pain in different region of abdomen, bloody feces, elevation of body temperature, inertness. Such clinical presentations are typical for the following form of acute radiation disease:
Intestinal
Bone-marrow
Combined
Cerebral
Toxemic
132 із 200
An electrical cardiostimulator was implanted to a 75 y.o. man with heart rate of 40 bpm. After that heart rate rose up to 70 bpm. Cardiostumulator assumed the function of the following heart part:
Sinoatrial node
His’ bundle branches
Atrioventricular node
Purkinje’s fibers
His’ bundle fibers
133 із 200
A 40-year-old male patient had a tumour-like formation 8x7 cm large on his neck. A surgeon removed it only partially because of close connection with large vessels. Microscopical examination revealed marked cellular and tissue atypism, lipoblast-type cells in different stages of maturity, with polymorphism and nuclear hyperchromia, pathological mitoses, necrosis foci. Specify the histological form of the tumour:
Liposarcoma
Fibrosarcoma
Hibernoma
Lipoma
Fibroma
134 із 200
It is known that patients with diabetes mellitus are more subject to inflammative processes, they have low regeneration and slower wound healing. What is the reason for this?
Decrease in protheosynthesis
Accelerated gluconeogenesis
Increase in lipolysis
Decrease in lipolysis
Intensification of catabolism
135 із 200
A 60-year-old female patient presents with hypoactivity of the principal digestive enzyme of saliva. This is usually accompanied by disturbed primary hydrolysis of:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Cellulose
Fats
Lactose
136 із 200
A patient who has been taking a certain drug for a long time cannot discontinue the use of it because this causes psychic and somatic disfunctions. The syndrome occuring at refraining from the use of a drug is called:
Abstinence
Cumulation
Sensitization
Idiosyncrasy
Tachyphylaxis
137 із 200
A 49-year-old woman spent a lot of time standing. As a result of it she got leg edema. What is the most likely cause of the edema?
Increase in hydrostatic pressure of blood in veins
Increase in systemic arterial pressure
Decrease in hydrostatic pressure of blood in veins
Decrease in hydrostatic pressure of blood in arteries
Increase in oncotic pressure of blood plasma
138 із 200
For infection prevention a patient who underwent appendectomy was prescribed a cephalosporin antibiotic. Antimicrobial activity of these antibiotics is called forth by the disturbance of the following process:
Microbial wall formation
Energy metabolism
Cholinesterase block
Ribosomal protein synthesis
Nucleic acid synthesis
139 із 200
A man who has been staying in a stuffy room for a long time lost consciousness. He regained consciousnes after inhalation of ammonia spirit vapour. This substance’s effect is connected with direct influence upon the following structures:
Receptors of upper airways
Respiratory centre
Resistive vessels
Vasculomotor centre
Capacitive vessels
140 із 200
Examination of a patient with chronic renal insufficiency revealed an increase in residual nitrogen concentration in blood up to 35 millimole/l, more than half of which is urea. What type of hyperazotemia is it?
Retentional
Residual
Combined
Hepatic
Productional
141 із 200
During examination of a child’s oral cavity a pediatrician found 8 incisors. The child’s development corresponds to his age. How old is the child?
10-12 months
16-20 months
6-7 months
12-15 months
7-8 months
142 із 200
Blood analysis of a patient suffering from jaundice revealed increase of total bilirubin by its indirect fraction. Urine and feces have intense colouring. What is the most probable mechanism of these abnormalities?
Increased haemolysis of erythrocytes
Obstruction of bile outflow from the liver
Impaired generation of direct bilirubin
Impaired transformation of urobilinogen in the liver
Damage of liver parenchyma
143 із 200
Microscopic examination of a parenchymatous organ revealed that its epithelial cords formed glomerular, fasci- cular and reticular zones. The central part of the organ was presented by accumulations of chromaffin cells. Specify this organ:
Adrenal gland
Epiphysis
Thyroid gland
Liver
Hypophysis
144 із 200
A patient has roundish ulcers on his face, inflammation and enlargement of lymph nodes. These symptoms turned up as a result of mosquito bites. Laboratory examination of discharge from the ulcers revealed unicellular aflagellar organisms. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Dermatotropic leishmaniasis
Scabies
Toxoplasmosis
Myasis
Trypanosomiasis
145 із 200
A male patient has stenosis of the mitral orifice. What is the leading mechanism of cardiac failure?
Resistance-induced overload
Volume overload
-
Myocardial damage
Tension-induced overload
146 із 200
Prophylactic examination of a patient revealed hyperglycemia, ketonuria, polyuria, glycosuria. What form of acid-base balance disorder is the case?
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Gaseous acidosis
Gaseous alkalosis
Nongaseous acidosis
147 із 200
A specimen of connective tissue of derma was stained with Sudan III and hematoxylin. There are clusters of big polygonal cells that turned orange. Their nuclei are flattened and located on periphery. What tissue is it?
white adipose
Reticular connective
Brown adipose
Hyaline cartilaginous
Lamellar osseous
148 із 200
Injection of an anaesthetic before the tooth extraction resulted in development of anaphylactic shock accompanied by oliguria. What pathogenetic mechanism caused a decrease in diuresis in this case?
Decrease in hydrostatic pressure in the renal corpuscle capillaries
Damage of glomerular filter
Increase in hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman’s capsule
Increase in oncotic pressure of blood plasma
Increase in vasopressin secretion
149 із 200
A patient was admitted to a hospital because of a penetrating wound of mouth floor. Which muscle is injured?
Mylohyoid
Sternohyoid
Stylohyoid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid
150 із 200
A patient with fracture of femoral bone in the area of surgical neck got symptoms of acute dextroventricular insufficiency as a result of pulmonary embolism. What type of embolism is it?
Fat
Tissue
Air
Metastatic
Gas
151 із 200
A patient has dislocation of his mandible that caused impairment of salivation and gustatory sensitivity of anterior 2/3 of his tongue. What nerve was damaged?
Tympanichord
Greater petrosal nerve
Lesser petrosal nerve
Deep petrosal nerve
Sublingual nerve
152 із 200
A patient complains about pain in his upper jaw and toothache. Objectively: the patient feels pain when pressed in the region of the supraorbital foramen. What nerve is affected?
The second branch of trigeminus
Trochlear nerve
The first branch of trigeminus
The third branch of trigeminus
Facial nerve
153 із 200
A 40 year old male patient died from cerebral edema. In anamnesis the face carbuncle was registered. Autopsy revealed hyperemia and edema of cerebral tissue. White matter of the left hemisphere had two cavities 6x5,5 and 5x4,5 cm large filled with yellowish-green cream-like fluid. Walls of the cavities were built up by nerve tissue with irregular rands. What complication of carbuncle was it?
Acute abscesses
Empyema
Colliquative necroses
Chronic abscesses
Cysts
154 із 200
Study of a tubular organ revealed that its median membrane consists of solid hyaline rings. What epithelium lines mucous membrane of this organ?
Multinuclear prismatic ciliated
Monostratal cubical
Monostratal prismatic with a border
Monostratal prismatic glandular
Multistratal squamous nonkeratinizing
155 із 200
A female patient was admitted to the hospital with pleuritis. Which area of pleural cavity contains most exudate?
Costodiaphragmatic recess
Phrenicomediastinal recess
Under the pleural cupula
Under the pulmonary radix
Costomediastinal recess
156 із 200
Examination of a bronchial tissue sample revealed atrophy of mucous membrane, cystic degeneration of glands, focal metaplastic changes of lining prismatic epithelial cells into multilayer squamous cells; increase in goblet cell number; in some parts of bronchial wall and especially in the mucous membrane there was marked cellular inflammatory infiltration and growth of granulation tissue bulging into the bronchial lumen in form of a polyp. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Chronic bronchitis
Bronchopneumonia
Lobar pneumonia
Acute bronchitis
Interstitial pneumonia
157 із 200
Various cells of the oral mucous membrane and antimicrobial substances synthesized by these cells play an important part in the local immunity of the oral cavity. Specify the key factors for the local immunity:
Secretory IgA
B-lymphocytes
IgG
Macrophages
Eosinophils
158 із 200
During examination of a 36-year-old woman a dentist revealed a formation in form of a nodule up to 0,8 cm in diameter, of dark brown-red colour, soft, on a wide base. The formation was found on the buccal surface of gum in the region of the 2nd molar. Histological examination revealed that the formation had plenty of sinusoid vessels and a lot of roundish mononuclear and big multinuclear cells; in some parts accumulations of hemosiderin granules could be found. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Giant-cell epulis
Angiomatous epulis
Mandibular osteoclastoma
Root granuloma
Ameloblastoma
159 із 200
In order to anaesthetize superior incisors an anaesthetic should be injected in the region of the incisive foramen. What nerve is located in this place?
N.nasopalatinus
N.pharyngeus
N.palatinus major
Nn.palatini minores
Rr.nasales posteriores inferiores
160 із 200
In the process of tooth tissue histogenesis dentin wasn’t formed in time for some reasons. What process of further histogenesis will be delayed or will not take place at all?
Enamel formation
Acellular cement formation
Pulp formation
Cellular cement formation
Predentinal space formation
161 із 200
Examination of nasal cavity revealed deviation of the posterior part of nasal septum. What bone is affected?
Vomer
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Vertical plate of palatine bone
Medial plate of pterygoid process
Lateral plate of pterygoid process
162 із 200
A 70-year-old man has developed prosphetic stomatitis. Apart of this he was found to have an evident lesion of mouth corners. Microscopical examinati- on revealed large ovoid grampositive cells. What microorganisms are most likely to be the leading etiological agent of such a lesion?
Candida fungi
Neisseria
Streptococci
Corynebacteria
Staphylococci
163 із 200
Osteolathyrism is characterized by a loss of tensile strength of collagen, which is induced by a significant decrease in the formation of cross-links in collagen fibrils. The cause for it is the reduced activity of:
Lysyl oxidase
Prolyl hydroxylase
Lysyl hydroxylase
Monoamine oxidase
Collagenase
164 із 200
Examination of a kidney tissue sampling revealed leukocyte infiltration of interstitial tissue; miliary abscesses; dystrophic tubules filled with desquamated epithelium and leukocytes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Pyelonephritis
Nephrolithiasis
Glomerulonephritis
Pyelitis
Necrotic nephrosis
165 із 200
A child with renal insufficiency exhibits delayed teeth eruption. This is most likely caused by the abnormal formation of the following substance:
1,25 (OH)2D3
Hydroxylysine
Glycocyamine
Glutamate
o-ketoglutarate
166 із 200
A male patient underwent an operation on account of inguinal hernia. During the operation a surgeon damaged content of the inguinal canal. What structure was damaged?
Funiculus spermaticus
Urarchus
Lig. inguinale
Lig. teres uteri
-
167 із 200
As a result of a road accident a 26-year-old man is in the torpid phase of shock. Blood count: leukocytes - 3,2 • 109/l. What is the leading mechanism of leukopenia development?
Leukocyte redistribution in the bloodstream
Increased excretion of the leukocytes from the organism
Leukopoiesis inhibition
Leukocyte destruction in the hematopi-etic organs
Faulty release of mature leukocytes from the bone marrow into the blood
168 із 200
Analysis of urine from a 24-year-old man revealed the following changes: daily diuresis - 10 l, relative density - 1,001, qualitative alterations are absent. A patient complains of excessive thirst, frequent urination. What is the most likely cause of this disease?
Vasopressin hyposecretion
Relative insulin insufficiency
Vasopressin hypersecretion
Aldosteron hypersecretion
Glucocorticoid hypersecretion
169 із 200
Epithelium regeneration of mucous membrane of oral cavity (cell reproduction) was accompanied by semiconservative DNA replication (selfreproduction). Nucleotides of a new DNA chain are complementary to:
Maternal chain
Sense codons
RNA-polymerase enzyme
Introns
DNA-polymerase enzyme
170 із 200
A 7 year old child has angina. A smear from the tonsil surface was inoculated on blood agar. 24 hours later there had grown colonies of streptococci. Nutrient medium turned transparent around them. This study revealed presence of the following pathogenous factor:
Hemolysin
Leukocidin
Beta-lactamase
Neuraminidase
Endotoxin
171 із 200
A 5-month-old boy was hospitalized for tonic convulsions. He has a lifetime history of this disease. Examination revealed coarse hair, thinned and fragile nails, pale and dry skin. In blood: calcium - 1,5 millimole/l, phosphor - 1,9 milli-mole/l. These changes are associated with:
Hypoparathyroidism
Hyperaldosteronism
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypoaldosteronism
Hypothyroidism
172 із 200
A 60-year-old patient presents with intestinal hypoperistalsis. Which of the following foodstuffs will stimulate peristalsis most of all?
Brown bred
Meat
Lard
White bread
Tea
173 із 200
Liver puncture biopsy in a patient with hepatocellular insufficiency revealed vacuolar, balooning degeneration of hepatocytes, necrosis of single cells, Councilman’s bodies, infiltartion of portal and lobular stroma mainly by lymphocytes and macrophages with a small number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Acute viral hepatitis
Chronic persisting hepatitis
Chronic active hepatitis
Autoimmune hepatitis
Alcoholic hepatitis
174 із 200
A sample taken from the pharynx of a patient with angina was inoculated on the blood-tellurite agar. This resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies up to 4-5 mm in diameter. Microscopically there can be seen gram-positive rods with club-shaped ends arranged in form of spread fingers. What microorganisms are these?
Corynebacteria diphtheriae
Streptobacilli
Clostridium botulinum
Streptococci
Diphtheroids
175 із 200
Cytogenetic examination of a patient with dysfunction of the reproductive system revealed normal karyotype 46,XY in some cells, but most cells have Klinefelter’s syndrome karyotype 47,XXY Such phenomenon of cell inhomogeneity is called :
Mosaicism
Transposition
Heterogeneity
Duplication
Inversion
176 із 200
After prophylactic medical examination a 7 y.o. boy was diagnosed with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (only boys fall ill). His parents are healthy, but his grandfather by his mother’s side has the same disease. What type of inheritance is it?
Recessive, sex-linked
Dominant, sex-linked
Autosomal and recessive
Semidominance
Autosomal and dominant
177 із 200
During an experiment it is required to estimate the rate of cell excitability. For this purpose it would be rational to determine:
Depolarization threshold
Critical level of depolarization
Amplitude of action potential
Duration of action potential
Rest potential
178 із 200
A patient in a cardiological department has arrhythmia. A doctor administered him amyodaron. What is the main mechanism of amyodaron’s antiarrhythmic action?
It blocks mostly potassium channels
It activates serotonin receptors
It alters myocardium susceptibility to the acetylcholine
It inhibits cholinoreceptors
It stimulates histamine receptors
179 із 200
During anaesthetization of the oral cavity mucous tunic a patient developed anaphylactic shock (generalized vasodilatation, increase in vascular permeability along with escape of liquid to the tissues). What type of hypersensitivity has the patient developed?
I type (anaphylactic)
IV type (cellular cytotoxicity)
II type (antibody-dependent)
III type (immune complex)
V type (granulomatosis)
180 із 200
In course of an experiment thalamocortical tracts of an experimental animal were cut through. The animal didn’t lose the following sensations:
Olfactory
Visual
Exteroceptive
Auditory
Nociceptive
181 із 200
A patient with edemata was prescribed a K+-retaining diuretic - aldosterone antagonist. What drug is it?
Spironolactone
Clonidine
Alopurinole
Procainamide hydrochloride
Digoxin
182 із 200
Patients with erythropoietic porphyria (Gunther’s disease) are known to have photoesthetic skin, red urine. In the ultraviolet light their teeth exhibit bright red fluorescence. This disease is associated with deficiency of the following enzyme:
Uroporphyrinogen-III-cosynthase
Delta-aminolevulinate synthase
Uroporphyrinogen-I-synthase
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
Ferrochelatase
183 із 200
A 25-year-old patient with clinical presentations of nephrotic syndrome underwent puncture biopsy of a kidney. Microscopical examination revealed expansion of the epithelium cells of proximal nephron tubules, vacuoles containing transparent liquid in the cytoplasm, peripheral deviation of the nucleus. What degeneration was revealed in the tubule epithelium?
Hydropic
Keratinization
Adipose
Hyaline drop
Granular
184 із 200
A patient consulted a dentis about a lesion of his oral mucosa. He was diagnosed with herpetic stomatitis. Which of the following drugs will have an effect on etiotropic factor?
Acyclovir
Levamisole
Furacilinum
Dimedrol
Paracetamol
185 із 200
Examination of a 42-year-old patient suffering from paradontosis revealed some roundish calcified formations 2-3 mm in diameter in the coronal pulp. Name these structures:
Denticles
Interglobular spaces
Sclerotic dentin
Interglobular dentin
Dead dentin
186 із 200
A patient has secretory dysfunction of the submandibular salivary galnd. Which nerve is responsible for its vegetative innervation?
Chorda tympani
N.petrosus major
N.auriculotemporalis
N.petrosus minor
N.mandibularis
187 із 200
Histological examination of a microspecimen presenting a malignant lung tumour revealed that the tumor consisted of lymphocyte-like cells forming any structures. Stroma is mildely marked, there are a lot of mitoses and necroses. What tumour is it?
Small cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell nonkeratinous carcinoma
Fibroma
Squamous cell keratinous carcinoma
188 із 200
A 35-year-old patient consulted a dentist about low density of dental tissues, increased fragility of teeth on eating solid food. In order to determine Ca/P relation a scrape of enamel was sent to the laboratory. What value of this index is suggestive of intensified demineralization?
0,9
1, 5
1, 67
1, 85
2, 5
189 із 200
A patient underwent the extraction of his isuperior medial incisor. It is supplied with blood by the branches of the following artery:
A.infraorbitalis
A.sphenopalatina
A.buccalis
A.alveolaris inferior
A.palatina descendens
190 із 200
A 35-year-old patient with chronic periodontitis underwent excision of a cyst 3 cm in diameter found at a root of the 15th tooth. Histological examination revealed that it had thin wall formed by mature connective tissue infiltrated by lymphocytes and plasmatic cells. Its internal surface was lined with multilayer pavement epithelium with no signs of keratinization; the cavity contained serous exudate. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Radicular cyst
Follicular ameloblastoma
Cherubism
Follicular cyst
Primordial cyst
191 із 200
Histological examination of myocardium of a 47-year-old patient with rheumatic heart disease ( section material) revealed some big visually empty vacuoles within the cardiomyocytes. They turn black when stained with osmic acid, and yellow-red when stained with sudan III. What pathological process is it?
Adipose degeneration
Carbohydrate degeneration
Hydropic degeneration
Hyaline drop degeneration
Dysproteinosis
192 із 200
A sensory nerve ganglion consists of roundish neurocytes with one process that divides into axon and dendrite at a certain distance from perikaryon. What are such cells called?
Pseudounipolar
Multipolar
Bipolar
Apolar
Unipolar
193 із 200
In spring a patient experiences petechial haemorrhages, loosening of teeth, high liability to colds. A doctor supposes hypobitaminosis C. In this respect loosening of teeth can be explained by:
Structural failure of collagen in the periodontal ligaments
Structural change of glycosaminoglycan
Disturbed oxidation-reduction process in the periodont
Increased permeability of periodont membranes
Mechanical damage of teeth
194 із 200
Laboratory of extremely dangerous infections received a sample taken from a patient with assumed cholera. What express-diagnostics method can confirm this diagnosis?
Immunofluorescence test
Precipitation reaction
Agglutination test
Complement binding reaction
Hemagglutination reaction
195 із 200
Examination of a patient revealed that dental hypoplasia was caused by hypovitaminosis of vitamins A and These vitamins were administered perorally but they didn’t have any medicinal effect. What is the probable cause of disturbed vitamin assimilation?
Bile acid deficiency
Achlorhydria
Achylia
Hyperchlorhydria
Hypochlorhydria
196 із 200
A patient suffering form tuberculosis was treated with rifampicin, which caused drug resistance of tuberculosis mycobacteria. In order to reduce mycobacteria resistance, rifampicin should be combined with the following drug:
Isoniazid
Acyclovir
Metronidazole
Intraconazole
Amoxicillin
197 із 200
A patient consulted a dentist about pains, reddening and swelling of gums. The dentist assumed herpetic gingivostomatitis. What virus might have caused this disease?
Herpes simplex virus type 1
Herpes zoster
Cytomegalic virus
Herpes simplex virus type 2
Epstein-Barr virus
198 із 200
Autopsy of a 35 y.o. woman revealed not only enlargement of many lymph nodes but also enlarged spleen weighting 600,0. Its incision showed that it was heterogeneous, dark red, dense with greyish-yellow necrotic areas up to 1 cm in diameter (porphyritic spleen). What disease can be assumed?
Lymphogranulomatosis
Lymphosarcoma
Chronic myeloid leukosis
Chronic lymphoid leukosis
Cancer metastases
199 із 200
A patient suffering form stomatitis was prescribed oral rinsing. Which antiseptic from the oxidant group is the most suitable for this purpose?
Potassium permanganate
Alcoholic iodine solution
Chloramine
Boric acid
Ethyl alcohol
200 із 200
Examination of a 60 y.o. man’s oral cavity revealed the following changes: the 26th and 27th tooth are covered with metallic crowns that plunge deep into the gums. There is a parodontal pouch 0,7 cm deep between them containing some pus. Gingival papillae of these teeth are hyperemic, edematic, cyanotic, bleed as a reaction to touching by a dental explorer. X-ray picture shows resorption of interdental septa of 1/2 of tooth root. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Local parodontitis
Chronic catarrhal gingivitis
Hypertrophic gingivitis
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Generalized parodontitis