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Step 1 - Stomatology 2008
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2 із 200
A married couple applied to the genetic consultation in order to consult about their child with multiple abnormalities (microcephaly, idiocy etc). The woman has had an illnesses during her pregnancy but she didn’t take any teratogens or mutagens. The parents’ and the child’s karyotype is normal. Anamnesis study revealed that the family kept a cat. What gravidic disease caused the child’s abnormalities?
Toxoplasmosis
Balantidiasis
Trichomoniasis
Leishmaniasis
Dysentery
3 із 200
A patient has mental retardation, small height, brachydactyly, mongoloid slant. Analysys of his karyotype revealed trisomy 21. What chromosomal anomaly is it?
Down’s disease
Specific fetopathy
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Trisomy X
Turner’s syndrome
4 із 200
A female patient has symptoms of inflammation of urogenital tracts. A smear from the vaginal mucous membrane contained big unicellular pyriform organisms with a sharp spike on the back end of their bodies; big nucleus and undulating membrane. What protozoa were revealed in the smear?
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomonas hominis
Lamblia intestinalis
Trypanosoma gambiense
Trichomonas buccalis
5 із 200
Analysis of an electron diffraction pattern of a cell revealed mitochondrion destruction. This might result in abnormal course of the following cell process:
Oxidation of organic substances
Nuclear division
Cleavage
Crossingover
-
6 із 200
Formation of ribosome subunits in a cell was disturbed in course of an experiment (by means of activated mutagenic factors). This will have an effect on the following metabolic process:
Protein biosynthesis
Carbohydrate biosynthesis
Photosynthesis
ATP synthesis
Biological oxidation
7 із 200
Among public catering workers examined by doctors of sanitary-and-epidemiologic station often occur asymptomatic parasite carriers. This means that a healthy person carries cysts that infect other people. Such parasitizing is impossible for the following causative agent:
Dysenteric amoeba
Intestinal trichomonad
Dermatotropic leishmania
Malarial plasmodium
Viscerotropic leishmania
8 із 200
It is known that information about sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule is encoded as a sequence of four types of nucleotides in a DNA molecule, and different amino acids are encoded by different number of triplets - from one to six. Such peculiarity of the genetic code is called:
Degeneracy
Universality
Triplety
Specificity
Nonoverlapping
9 із 200
A patient suffering from caries of the left inferior premolar has got a swelling on his neck above the hyoid bone. There appeared fever, salivary discharge, contraction of masticatory muscles, difficult mouth opening. The patient was diagnosed with phlegmon of mouth floor. What muscles will be involved in the process?
Mylohyoid and geniohyoid
Thyrohyoid and sternohyoid
Hyoglossal and styloglossal
Platysma and stylohyoid
Digastric and stylohyoid
10 із 200
Vagosympathetic Vishnevsky’s block involves introduction of novocaine along the posterior edge of sternocleidomastoid muscle above its intersection with exterior jugular vein. The block is performed within the following triangle of neck:
Omotrapezoid
Submandibular
Carotid
Pirogoff’s
Omoclavicular
11 із 200
During approach to the thyroid gland by means of transverse section suprasternal cellular tissue space should be opened. It will be dangerous to damage the following anatomic formation located within this space:
Venous jugular arch
Carotid artery
Subclavicular artery
Lymph nodes
Internal jugular vein
12 із 200
A female patient with pyelonephritis was admitted to the urological department. Examination revealed an associated infection accompanied by pyelovenous reflux. This complication was induced by affection of the following structure:
Fornical renal apparatus
Renal tubules
Straight tubules
Renal corpuscle
Excretory renal tracts
13 із 200
A 27 year old patient consulted a doctor about a solid tumour in front of the antilobium. During removal of this tumour a dental surgeon revealed a vein. What vein is localized in this area?
V retromandibularis
V auricularis posterior
V facialis
V jugularis interna
V jugularis externa
14 із 200
A 24 year old patient consulted a doctor about pain below his lower jaw on the right. Dental surgeon revealed a concrement in the submandibular gland. During its removal he had to prevent bleeding out of the following artery:
A. facialis
A. alveolaris inferior
A. submentalis
A. labialis inferior
A. lingualis
15 із 200
Study of a patient’s facial gesture revealed that he couldn’t whistle, round his lips; mouth corners didn’t rise during laughing, oral fissure stretched sidewards (transversal smile). These symptoms indicate the atrophy of the following muscle:
Orbicular muscle of mouth
Risorius muscle
Greater zygomatic muscle
Cervical muscle
Masticatory muscle
16 із 200
A doctor examined a victim of a road accident and revealed damage of the exterior wall of eye socket. The patient has lost ability to abduct the eyeball on the affected side. What nerve might be damaged in this case?
N. abducens
N. oculomotorius
N. trochlearis
N. infraorbitalis
N. ophthalmicus
17 із 200
After extraction of the II maxillary molar tooth the patient has got haemorrhage from the alveolar socket. The observed haemorrhage is from the system of the following artery:
Maxillary
Ascending pharyngeal
Mylohyoid
Inferior alveolar
Facial
18 із 200
A basketball player complains of pain over his heel that is getting stronger during walking. It might be caused by damage of tendon of the following muscle:
m. triceps surae
m. fibularis longus
m. flexor digitorum longus
m. tibialis posterior
m. fibularis brevis
19 із 200
A student has accidentally hit his elbow against the edge of the table and sensed burning and tingling on the interior surface of his forearm. What nerve was damaged in this case?
N. ulnaris
N. medianus
N. musculocutaneus
N. radialis
N. axillaris
20 із 200
In process of the secretory cycle secretion granules come and go in the apical part of cytoplasm of pancreas cells. These granules relate to the following structure elements:
Inclusions
Lysosomes
Microfilaments
Granular endoplasmic reticulum
Exocytic vacuoles
21 із 200
A 35 year old female patient diagnosed with infertility underwent diagnostic biopsy of endometrium. Microscopical examination revealed that its mucous membrane was edematic, uterine glands were convoluted and filled with thick secretion. Such changes of endometrium are caused by excess of the following hormone:
Progesterone
Testosterone
Estrogen
Somatotropin
ACTH
22 із 200
Influence of unfavourable factors upon the organism causes change of thymus accompanied by mass loss of thymocytes, their displacement to the peripheral organs, proliferation of epithelioreticulocytes. What phenomenon is it?
Accidental thymus involution
Age thymus involution
Thymus hypotrophy
Thymus dystrophy
Thymus atrophy
23 із 200
Examination of a patient revealed abnormal development of enamel. This is caused by damage of the following structural elements of dental germ:
Internal enamel epithelium of enamel organ
Cervix of enamel organ
Intermediate layer of enamel organ
External enamel epithelium of enamel organ
Pulp of enamel organ
24 із 200
A histological specimen of an oral cavity organ demonstrates that the organ’s anterior surface is lined with multilayer squamous nonkeratinous epithelium, and its posterior surface - with multiserial ciliated epithelium. What organ is it?
Soft palate
Cheek
Hard palate
Gingiva
Lip
25 із 200
Examination of uterine cavity revealed an embryonated ovum that wasn’t attached to the endometrium. The embryo is at the following stage of development:
Blastocyst
Zygote
Neurula
Morula
Gastrula
26 із 200
A mountain climber spent a long time in the mountains. Erythrocyte number has risen from 5,0 • 1012/l up to 6,0 • 1012/l. What factor stimulated erythropoiesis?
Decrease of O2 in the arterial blood
Increase of O2 in the cells
Increase of O2 in the venous blood
Increase of O2 in the arterial blood
Decrease of O2 in the venous blood
27 із 200
What factor may cause increase of power inputs of human organism by 100%?
Drop of external temperature
Consumption of protein food
Rise of external temperature
Consumption of carbohydrate food
Consumption of fatty food
28 із 200
A 40 year old European works in a Southeast Asian country. He complains that it is hard to bear high temperature under conditions of high relative humidity. The reason for it is difficult heat emission by way of:
Evaporation
Heat conduction
Convection and heat conduction
Convection
Radiation
29 із 200
Examination of a patient who has recently had a hepatic disease revealed low concentration of prothrombin in blood. First of all this will cause disturbance of:
Second phase of coagulation haemostasis
First phase of coagulation haemostasis
Anticoagulative blood properties
Vasculothrombocytic haemostasis
Fibrinolysis
30 із 200
Researchers studied speed of excitement conduction in different areas of an isolated heart. Which area demonstrated the lowest speed?
Atrioventricular node
Ventricular myocardium
His’ bundle
Atrial myocardium
Purkinje’s fibers
31 із 200
A patient who takes blocker of membrane cytoreceptors of efferent conductor synapses of autonomic nervous system complains about dry mouth. What receptors are blocked?
Muscarinic cholinoreceptors
Nicotinic cholinoreceptors
H2 -receptors
3- adrenoreceptors
^-adrenoreceptors
32 із 200
A student has dry mouth during an exam. This is caused by realization of the following reflexes:
Conditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned sympathetic and parasympathetic
Conditioned parasympathetic
Unconditioned parasympathetic
Conditioned and unconditioned sympathetic
33 із 200
A child has abnormal formation of tooth enamel and dentin as a result of low concentration of calcium ions in blood. Such abnormalities might be caused by deficiency of the following hormone:
Parathormone
Thyrocalcitonin
Triiodothyronine
Thyroxin
Somatotropic hormone
34 із 200
ECG of a patient showed that RR interval equaled 1,5 s, heart rate equaled 40 bpm. What is cardiac pacemaker?
Atrioventricular node
His’ bundle
Sinus node
Left branch of His’ bundle
Right branch of His’ bundle
35 із 200
A patient has hyperkaliemia and hyponatremia. Such changes might be caused by hyposecretion of the following hormone:
Aldosterone
Natriuretic
Vasopressin
Cortisol
Parathormone
36 із 200
Tissue is being stimulated by electric cathodic impulse with amplitude of 70% of threshold. What changes of membrane potential will be observed?
Partial depolarization
Hyperpolarization
No changes
-
Action potential
37 із 200
Analysis of a patient’s saliva revealed high concentration of lactate. This is most probably caused by activation of the following process:
Anaerobic glucose breakdown
Glucose-lactate cycle
Glycogen breakdown
Aerobic glucose breakdown
Carbohydrate hydrolysis
38 із 200
A patient diagnosed with malignant carcinoid has extremely high concentration of serotonin in blood. This biogenic amine can be formed from the following amino acid:
Tryptophan
Methionine
Leucine
Alanine
Threonine
39 із 200
As a result of improper feeding an infant got full-blown diarrhea. One of its main consequences is excretion of large amount of sodium bicarbonate. What form of acid-base balance disturbance is it?
Excretory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Acid-base balance won’t be disturbed
40 із 200
A patient suffering from chronic renal insufficiency has got osteoporosis. Osteoporosis was caused by abnormal synthesis of the following regulator of mineral metabolism in kidneys:
1, 25(OH)2 D3 formation
Glutamate carboxylation
Cortisol hydroxylation
Proline hydroxylation
Lysine hydroxylation
41 із 200
Parodontosis is treated by means of antioxidants. Which of the following natural compounds is used as an antioxidant:
Tocopherol
Thiamine
Pyridoxine
Gluconate
Choline
42 із 200
A patient has high sunlight sensitivity of skin. During standing his urine turns dark-brown. What is the most probable cause of this condition?
Porphyria
Alkaptonuria
Haemolytic jaundice
Pellagra
Albinism
43 із 200
Periodontitis is accompanied by activation of proteolysis in the periodontium tissues. The evidence of proteolysis activation is increase of the following component of oral liquid:
Amino acids
Glucose
Biogenic amines
Cholesterol
Organic acids
44 із 200
A patient has been diagnosed with alkaptonuria. This pathology is caused by deficiency of the following enzyme:
Oxidase of homogentisic acid
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Glutamate dehydrogenase
DOPA decarboxylase
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
45 із 200
An experimental rat got intraabdominal injection of 10 ml of 40% glucose solution. 60 minutes later the rat passed into a comatose state as a result of dehydratation. What is the mechanism of development of this state?
Rise of osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid
Loss of salts and water
Rise of oncotic pressure of extracellular fluid
Acid-base disbalance
Reduction of vasopressin secretion
46 із 200
A 62 year old patient with cerebral haemorrhage was admitted to the neurological department in grave condition. Objectively: increase of respiration depth and rate with its following reduction to apnoea, thereafter respiration cycle restores. What respiration type is it?
Cheyne-Stokes
Apneustic
Gasping
Biot’s
Kussmaul’s
47 із 200
Patients suffering from relapsing typhus have fever that can be characterized by several days of high temperature alternating with periods of normal temperature. Such temperature curve is called:
Febris recurrens
Febris continua
Febris hectica
Febris intermittens
Febris atypica
48 із 200
Poisoning with corrosive sublimate caused acute renal insufficiency. Its progress included four stages: 1) initial, 2) oligoanuria, 4) recovery. Name the third stage of acute renal insufficiency:
Polyuric
Ischemic
Pathochemical
Hemodynamic
Metabolic
49 із 200
A 48 year old male patient was admitted to the hospital with acute attack of chronic glomerulonephritis. Examination revealed chronic renal failure. What is the cause of hyperazotemia by chronic renal failure?
Reduction of glomerular filtration
Disorder of protein metabolism
Reduction of tubular reabsorption
Reduction of tubular excreation
Disorder of water-electrolytic metabolism
50 із 200
Examination of experimental rats that have been getting only carbohydrate feed for a long time revealed accumulation of water in tissues. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of edema development?
Hypooncotic
Lymphogenous
Membranogenic
Dysregulatory
Hyperosmolar
51 із 200
Examination of a patient 24 hours after appendectomy revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis with regenerative shift. What is the most probable mechanism of development of absolute leukocytosis in peripheral blood?
Intensification of leukopoiesis
Slower emigration of leukocytes to the tissues
Immunity activation
Redistribution ofleukocytes in the organism
Reduction of leukolysis
52 із 200
A patient suffering from chronic myeloleukemia has got the following symptoms of anemia: decreased number of erythrocytes and low haemoglobin concentration, oxyphilic and polychromatophilic normocytes, microcytes. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of anemia development?
Substitution of haemoblast
Reduced synthesis of erythropoietin
Chronic haemorrhage
Intravascular hemolysis of erythrocytes
Deficiency of vitamin B12
53 із 200
Autopsy of a dead patient revealed that pia mater was dull, there were greenish-yellow overlays covering almost all convexital surface of cerebral hemispheres. Histological examination revealed extreme hyperemia of maters along with diffuse leukocytic infiltration. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Meningococcal infection
Anthrax
Measles
Influenza
Tuberculosis
54 із 200
Examination of puncture biopsy material of liver revealed dystrophy of hepatocytes, their necrosis and sclerosis along with disturbance of beam and lobulous structure and formation of pseudolobules of regeneration nodes. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Liver cirrhosis
Chronic hepatosis
Progressing massive liver necrosis
Acute hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis
55 із 200
A 6 year old child was delivered to the hospital because of measles pneumonia. On the mucous membrane of a cheek a dentist revealed an ill-defined greish area 2x2,5 cm large. Soft tissues are edematic and foul-smelling. The most probable diagnosis of the dentist should be:
Noma
Phlegmonous stomatitis
Ulcerous stomatitis
Gangrenous stomatitis
Pustular stomatitis
56 із 200
A patient has deformation of jaw bones. Histological examination revealed there growth of fibrocellular tumourlike ill-defined tissue with primitive osteogenesis. What disease are these presentations typical for?
Fibrous dysplasia
Eosinophilic granuloma
Ameloblastoma
Parathyroid osteodystrophy
Osteosarcoma
57 із 200
A 55 year old man had been suffering from chronic glomerulonephritis. He died from chronic renal failure. Macroscopi-cal examination revealed on the surface of epicardium and pericardium some greyish-white villous depositions. After their removal dilated and plethoric vessels were uncovered. What process took place in the pericardium?
Fibrinous inflammation
Organization
Haemorrhagic inflammation
Proliferative inflammation
Arterial hyperemia
58 із 200
Autopsy of a 68 year old man who died from chronic cardiac insufficiency revealed deformed, thickened, conjoined cusps of mitral valve. Along the edge of joining there were small (1-2 mm) thrombs. What form of endocarditis caused development of chronic cardiac insufficiency?
Recurrent verrucous
Acute verrucous
Fibroplastic
Diffuse
Polypoulcerous
59 із 200
A 42 year old patient who had been suffering from chronic granulomatous periodontitis and chronic purulent osteomyelitis of his lower jaw for 8 years died from chronic renal insufficiency. What complication of purulent osteomyelitis has developed in kidneys?
Amyloidosis
Necrosis of epithelium of convoluted tubules
Hyalinosis
Atrophy
Adipose degeneration
60 із 200
A 5 year old child has the following symptoms: body temperature up to 40oC, acute headache, vomiting, anxiety, shiver. 4 days later there appeared hemorrhagic skin rash, oliguria and adrenal insufficiency that caused death. Bacteriological examination of pharyngeal smears revealed meningococcus. What form of meningococcal infection was it?
Meningococcemia
-
Meningococcal meningitis
Meningoencephalitis
Meningococcal nasopharyngitis
61 із 200
A 75 year old male patient consulted a surgeon about a brown nonhealing ulcer of shin. Examination of biopsy material revealed diffuse growth of polymorphic atypic cells with brown pigment in their cytoplasm. Pearls reaction was negative. There were also a lot of pathological mitoses and foci of tissue necrosis. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Melanoma
Intradermal nevus
Local hemosiderosis
Trophic ulcer
Skin cancer
62 із 200
Autopsy of a man who had been suffering from hypertension revealed in his brain a cavity with rubiginous walls. What event preceded development of these changes?
Haematoma
Plasmorrhagias
Diapedetic haemorrhages
Ischemic infarction
Abscess
63 із 200
Medical examination of the first-year pupils included Mantoux test. 15 pupils out of 35 had negative reaction. What actions should be taken against children with negative reaction?
BCG vaccination
Repeat Mantoux test
Rabies vaccination
Examination of blood serum
Antitoxin vaccination
64 із 200
On a certain territory mass death of rodents was registered. It was suspected that their death might have been caused by plague. What serological reaction should be applied for quick identification of antigen of the causative agent of this epizooty?
Complement binding
Neutralization
Passive hemagglutination
Agglutination
Precipitation
65 із 200
A 10 year old child underwent Mantoux test (with tuberculin). 48 hours later there apperaed a papule up to 8 mm in diameter on the site of tuberculin injection. Tuberculin injection caused the following hypersensitivity reaction:
IV type hypersensitivity reaction
II type hypersensitivity reaction
Atopic reaction
Arthus reaction
Seroreaction
66 із 200
A 58 year old female patient had to be prepared to cholecystectomy. Complex of premedication drugs included benzohexonium. What is the function of this drug in anaesthesia?
Functional block of visceral reflexes
Reduction of excitement phase
Relaxation of smooth muscles
Relaxation of skeletal muscles
Intensification of retrograde amnesia
67 із 200
A patient had an attack of bronchial asthma in the dentist’s office. The attack was arrested by salbutamol. This drug relates to the following group of therapeutic agents:
/32-adrenomimetics
a-adrenomimetics
Sympatholytics
3 i-32-adrenomimetics
a-3-adrenomimetics
68 із 200
A patient with acute duodenal ulcer was admitted to the hospital. Analysis of gastric juice revealed hyperfunction of secretion and acid-forming in stomach. Choose a drug that can reduce secretory function of stomach due to inhibition of H2-receptors:
Ranitidine
Atropine
Platyphyllin
Extract of dry belladonna
Methacin
69 із 200
A patient was administered clonidi-ne to be taken parenterally in case of abrupt rise of arterial pressure. What is its mechanism of action?
Stimulation of central a2- adrenoreceptors
Stimulation of central imidazole1-receptors
Block of nicotinic cholinoreceptors of ganglia
Block of a 1 -adrenoreceptors
Block of a1- and a2-adrenoreceptors
70 із 200
A patient was prescribed a drug with apparent lipophilic properties. What is the main mechanism of its absorption?
Passive diffusion
Active transport
Binding with transport proteins
Pinocytosis
Filtration
71 із 200
A patient noticed symptoms of approaching attack of bronchial asthma and took several tablets one by one at short intervals out of the doctor’s control. Short-term improvement of his condition came only after taking the first two tablets. Next intakes of a drug didn’t improve his condition. Reduction of the drug effectiveness was caused by:
Tachyphylaxis
Idiosyncrasy
Dependence
Cumulation
Addiction
72 із 200
A patient with streptococcal infection of gums was prescribed a drug that contained betalactam ring in its structure. Whi- ch drug relates to this group?
Benzylpenicillin
Rifampicin
Erythromycin
Streptomycin sulfate
Chloramphenicol
73 із 200
It was necessary to determine absolute gustation thresholds of a healthy man for different substances. The lowest threshold will be observed for the following substance:
Quinine
Glucose
Saccharose
Sodium chloride
Citric acid
74 із 200
A patient with neck injury was admitted to the hospital. Examination revealed a damaged nerve located anteriad to the frontal scalene. What nerve is damaged?
Phrenic
Sublingual
Glossopharyngeal
Cervical part of sympathetic trunk
Vagus
75 із 200
A 38 year old patient takes aspirin and sulfanilamides. After their intake intensified erythrocyte haemolysis is observed which is caused by deficiency of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. This pathology is caused by failure of the following coenzyme:
NADP - H
FAD - H2
Pyridoxal phosphate
Ubiquinone
FMN - H2
76 із 200
After a road accident a driver has got deformity in the midle third of his left shin and intense pain, especially when he tries to move his left shin. The ends of a trihedral bone stick out of a wound, there is great blood loss. What bone might be damaged?
Tibia
Femur
Fibula
Patella
Astragalus
77 із 200
A histological specimen presents the tissue that contains cells having no processes and a few tens of nuclei each. One of cell surfaces has a corrugated zone that provides secretion of hydrolytic elements. What tissue is it?
Osseous tissue
Nerve tissue
Epithelial tissue
Muscular tissue
Cartilaginous tissue
78 із 200
Potassium cyanide that is a poison came into a patient’s organism and caused death a few minutes after it. The most probable cause of its toxic effect was abnormal activity of:
Cytochrome oxidase
Catalase
ATP-synthetase
NADP — H-dehydrogenase
Haemoglobin synthesis
79 із 200
Abnormal chromosome disjunction during meiosis resulted in formation of: an ovum with 22 autosomes and polar body with 24 chromosomes. If such an ovum would be fertilized with a normal spermatozoon (22 + X) the child might have the following syndrome:
Turner’s syndrome
Trisomy X
Edwards’ syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Down’s syndrome
80 із 200
A patient underwent Caesarean section. During the operation a long incision was made in the uterus wall and the fetus was extracted from uterus. Healing of the sutured myometrium will proceed in the following way:
Formation of a fibrous cicatrix
Proliferation of myosatellitocytes
Formation of smooth muscular tissue
Formation of cross-striated muscle fibers
Hypertrophy of smooth myocytes
81 із 200
Rheography of an 18 year old student during exercise showed redistribution of blood flow between organs. The peak blood flow will be observed in the following vessels:
Skeletal muscles
Liver
Cerebrum
Gastrointestinal tract
Kidneys
82 із 200
Microscopical examination of exudate obtained from a rat with aseptic peritoni- tis and mixed with bird’s erythrocytes revealed macrophages surrounded by foreign erythrocytes. What stage of phagocytosis is it?
Adherence
Intracellular digestion
Approaching
Uncomplete phagocytosis
Immersion
83 із 200
On the 2nd day after myocardium infarction the patient’s systolic arterial pressure abruptly dropped down to 60 mm Hg. This was accompanied by tachycardia up to 140 bpm, dyspnea, loss of consciousness. What is the leading mechanism in the pathogenesis of this shock?
Decrease of stroke volume
Anaphylactic reaction to myocardial proteins
Decrease of circulating blood volume
Paroxysmal tachycardia
Intoxication by the products of necrotic degeneration
84 із 200
A 35 year old patient complains about permanent thirst, poor appetite. He drinks 9 l water per day. Daily diuresis is increased, urine is colourless, its relative density is 1,005. The most probable cause of this pathology development is damege of:
Hypothalamic nuclei
Adenohypophysis
Basal membrane of glomerular capillaries
Epiphysis
Epithelium of renal tubuli
85 із 200
A patient with disfunction of external respiration has to undergo tracheotomy. The isthmus of thyroid gland is commonly situated on a level with the following tracheal rings:
II- IV
III-IV
I-II
IV-V
V-VI
86 із 200
Active physical work induces rise of concentration of carbonic acid in blood. This causes deepening and acceleration of respiration thus reducing concentration of carbonic acid and hydrogen ions in blood. This maintains the following process:
Homeostasis
Orthobiosis
Anabiosis
Immunity
Ontogenesis
87 із 200
Pathological process of purulent barotitis involves an artery on the anterior wall of tympanic cavity. What artery is it? A.
carotis interna
A. temporalis superficialis
A. auricularis posterior
A. carotis externa
A. meningea media
88 із 200
A 34 year old male patient cosulted a doctor about face carbuncle. Objectively: a loose, painless edema of hypodermic tissue; black crust in the centre of carbuncle, vesicular rash around it. Microbiological examination revealed static streptobacilli capable of capsule building. What microorganisms are the causative agents of this disease?
Bacillus antracis
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus megaterium
Bacillus anthracoides
Staptylococcus aureus
89 із 200
A 38 year old patient complained that after acute respiratory viral disease she had lost sensation of food contact with the front 2/3 of her tongue as well as pain and temperature sensation (burned her tongue with hot tea). Which nerve and which branch of it was damaged?
Lingual nerve of mandibular branch of trigeminus
Superior laryngeal nerve of vagus
Lingual branches of glossopharyngeal nerve
Lingual nerves of sublingual nerve
Tympanichord of facial nerve
90 із 200
Microscopical examination of coronary artery of a 53 year old dead man revealed luminal narrowing of the vessel because of fibrous plaque mixed with lipides. The most probable form of atherosclerosis is:
Liposclerosis
-
Atheromatosis
Ulceration
Lipoidosis
91 із 200
A blood sample of a pregnant woman was typed. Erythrocyte-agglutination reaction was present with standard sera 0a, P(I), Ba(III), reaction was absent with the serum Ap(II). The blood under examination relates to the following group:
Ap(II)
Ba(III)
-
AB(IV)
0 a, p(I )
92 із 200
A female patient suffering from acute bronchitis complains about respiratory obstruction and cough with thick viscous sputum. She was prescribed a mucolytic agent that stimulates surfactant synthesis. What mucolytic agent was prescribed?
Ambroxolum
Glaucin
Morphine hydrochloride
Theophylline
Sodium hydrocarbonate
93 із 200
Coprological examination of a patient’s feces revealed small operculate eggs. It is known from the anamnesis that the patient often consumes fish. What fluke parasitizes in the patient’s organism?
Cat liver fluke
Blood fluke
Lung fluke
Liver fluke
Lancet fluke
94 із 200
Clinical examination of a female patient revealed reduction of basal metabolism by 40%, gain in body mass, drop of body temperature, face puffiness, sexual disfunctions, inertness and apathy, lowered intelligence. These symptoms are caused by disfunction of the following endocrine gland:
Hypofunction of thyroid gland
Epiphysis hypofunction
Hypophysis hyperfunction
Hyperfunction of thyroid gland
Hypofunction of parathyroid glands
95 із 200
During a neuro-surgical operation the occipital areas of cerebral cortex are stimulated. What sensations will the patient have?
Visual
Auditory
Tactile
Gustatory
Olfactory
96 із 200
Microscopic study of an endocrine gland revealed that its parenchyma consisted of follicular structures. Their wall was formed by monolayer cubic epithelium, and their cavity was filled up with oxyphilic substance. What hormon is secreted by this gland?
Thyroxin
Oxytocin
Aldosterone
Parathyrin
Cortisol
97 із 200
During starvation normal rate of glucose is maintained by means of activation of gluconeogenesis. What substance can be used as a substrate for this process?
Alanine
Urea
Ammonia
Adenine
Guanine
98 із 200
What chnges will be observed in an isolated heart after introduction of adrenaline into the perfusion solution?
Increase of heart rate and force
Increase of heart rate
Decrease of heart force
Diastolic arrest
Increase of heart force
99 із 200
A sportsman needs to improve his sporting results. He was recommended a drug containing carnitine. What process is activated by this compound in the first place?
Transport of fatty acids
Transport of glucose
Transport of calcium ions
Transport of vitamin K
Transport of amino acids
100 із 200
A patient consulted a doctor about acute pain in the right subcostal area. During examination the doctor noticed yellowed sclera of the patient. Laboratory analyses revealed high activity of alanine-aminotransferase and negative reaction to stercobilin in feces. What disease are these symptoms typical for?
Cholelithiasis
Haemolytic jaundice
Chronic gastritis
Hepatitis
Chronic colitis
101 із 200
A patient was admitted to a hospital with poisoning with unsound food. His stomach was lavaged with solution of potassium permanganate. What is its mechanism of action?
Release of atomic oxygen
Destruction of bacteria membranes
Disturbance of synthesis of respiratory chain enzymes
Release of iodine
Release of chlorine
102 із 200
A patient complained about ear noise and pain sensations. Objectively: the patient has acute respiratory disease, rhinitis. The infection penetrated into the tympanic cavity through the following opening of the pharynx:
Pharyngeal opening of auditory tube
Tympanic opening of auditory tube
Fauces
Choanae
Aperture of larynx
103 із 200
A 3 month old infant has got a white deposition on the mucous membrane of his mouth, tongue and lips. The doctor suspected candidosis. What nutrient medium should be used for inoculation of the material under examination in order to confirm this diagnosis?
Sabouraud
Roux
Endo
Loewenstein-Jensen
Clauberg
104 із 200
Specific prophylaxis involved application of a vaccine containing microorganisms and exotoxin detoxicated by formalin. It relates to the following type of vaccine:
Combined
Live
Anatoxin
Chemical
Genetically engineered
105 із 200
A 70 year old patient suffering from cardiac insufficiency has been uncontrolledly taking digoxin that resulted in extrasystole, vomiting, vision impairment, anxiety, sleep disturbance, reduction of diuresis. Application of drugs relating to the following group will be pathogenetically reasonable in this case:
Donators of sulfhydric groups
Angiotensin II receptor blockers
Donators of nitrogen oxide
Stimulants of pi-adrenoreceptors
Potassium channel blockers
106 із 200
A patient suffering from hepatocerebral degeneration has low cncentration of ceruloplasmin in blood serum. What element accumulation will be observed in liver, cerebrum and kidneys of the patient?
Cuprum
Sodium
Calcium
Ferrum
Potassium
107 із 200
Electron-microscope investigation of cortical substance of a kidney reveals some structures lined with prismatic epithelium that normally has brush border and deep plicae of plasmolemma in its basal part. There is a big number of mi-tochondrions between these plicae. These structures belong to the following part of a nephron:
Proximal tubule
Henle’s loop
Distal straight tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Renal corpuscle
108 із 200
Intralobular capillaries of a liver specimen have wide irregular lumen. Basal membrane is absent in the major part of the capillary. What type of capillaries is it?
Sinusoid
Postcapillaries
Visceral
Somatic
Precapillaries
109 із 200
In order to speed up healing of the thermal injury it is required to prescribe a drug that facilitates epithelization of skin and mucous membranes. What drug is it?
Retinol acetate
Ergocalciferol
Tocopherol acetate
Nicotinic acid
Ascorbic acid
110 із 200
A patient with ventricular arrhythmia was admitted to the cardiological department. What drug should be administered?
Amiodarone
Aminazine
Amlodipine
Drotaverine
Proserin
111 із 200
After restoration of blood circulation in damaged tissue accumulation of lactate comes to a stop and speed of glucose consumption slows down. These metabolic changes are caused by activation of the following process:
Aerobic glycolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Anaerobic glycolysis
Lipolysis
Glycogen biosynthesis
112 із 200
Researches of the latest decades established that immediate 'executors' of cell apoptosis are special enzymes called caspases. Generation of one of them proceeds with participation of cytochrome What is its function in a normal cell?
Enzyme of respiratory chain of electron transport
Component of pyruvate-dehydrogenase system
Component of H + ATP system
Enzyme of tricarboxylic acid cycle
Enzyme of beta-oxidation of fatty acids
113 із 200
A patient with essential hypertension was admitted to the cardiological department. In order to lower arterial pressure a doctor prescribed a drug that blocks pi and ^-adrenoreceptors. What drug is it?
Propranolol
Celecoxib
Prednisolone
Proserin
Indometacin
114 із 200
A patient with myocardium infarction was delivered to the resuscitation department. What drug should be injected to the patient for prophylaxis of pain shock?
Promedol
Celecoxib
Analgin
Naloxone
Paracetamol
115 із 200
A patient with myocardium infarction was admitted to the resuscitation department. What drug should be injected to the patient in order to prevent thrombosis?
Heparin
Dimedrol
Thyroxine
Chingamin
Biseptol-480
116 із 200
A 28 year old woman consulted a doctor about sterility. Examination revealed underdeveloped ovaries and uterus, irregular menstrual cycle. Study of sex chromatin revealed 2 Barr’s bodies in most somatic cells. What chromosome disease is the most probable in this case?
Triplo-X syndrome
Edwards’ syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Turner’s syndrome
Patau’s syndrome
117 із 200
Treatment of many diseases involves use of cocarboxylase (thiamine pyrophosphate) for supplying cells with energy. What metabolic process is activated in this case?
Oxidizing decarboxylation of pyruvate
Decarboxylation of biogenic amines
Glutamate deamination
Amino acids decarboxylation
Detoxication of harmful substances in liver
118 із 200
A patient with apparent icteri-tiousness of skin, sclera and mucous membranes was admitted to the hospital. The patient’s urine was of brown ale colour, analysis revealed presence of direct bilirubin. Feces had low concentration of bile pigments. What type of jaundice is it?
Obturative
Absorbtion
Parenchymatous
Conjugated
Haemolytic
119 із 200
A patient suffers from chronic left-ventricular insufficiency. What drug should be prescribed?
Digoxin
Bemegride
Etimizol
Pyracetam
Vinpocetine
120 із 200
Medical ambulance delivered a 2 year old girl to the children’s department. Objectively: the child is inert, apathetic. Liver is enlarged, study of biopsy material revealed glycogen excess. Blood glucose rate is below normal. The most probable cause of hypoglycemia is:
Low activity of glycogen phosphorylase
Low activity of glycogen synthase
High activity of glucokinase
Low activity of glucose 6-phosphatase
Low activity of glucose 1-phosphate uridine transferase
121 із 200
A 22 year old woman has been taking sulfanilamides for a long time that led to symptoms of hemolytic anaemia caused by hereditary disturbance of synthesis of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. This enzyme of pentose-phosphate cycle is responsible for generation of:
NADP - H2
FMN
NAD
FAD
ATP
122 із 200
A patient suffering from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was prescribed glibenclamid internally. What is the mechanism of its hypoglycemic action?
It stimulates generation of endogenous insulin by beta cells
It inhibits gluconeogenesis in liver
It inhibits glucose absorption in the bowels
It inhibits alpha glucosidase and polysaccharide breakdown
It intensifies utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues
123 із 200
During the preventive examination of a miner a doctor revealed changes in cardiovascular fitness being evidence of cardiac insuffisiency at a stage of compensation. What is the main evidence of compensation of cardiac activity?
Myocardium hypertrophy
Dyspnea
Tachycardia
Rise of arterial pressure
Cyanosis
124 із 200
A typical symptom of cholera is great loss of water and sodium ions. What mechanism underlies development of diarrhea in this case?
Activation of adenylate cyclase of enterocytes
Increased secretion of renin by the cells of renal arterioles
Aldosterone oxidation in adrenal cortex
Inhibition of vasopressin synthesis in hypothalamus
Increased corticotropin synthesis
125 із 200
A newborn has signs of dyspepsia after milk feeding. Symptoms of dyspepsia disappear when milk is substituted for glucose solution. The newborn has low activity of the following enzyme:
Lactase
Invertase
Amylase
Maltase
Isomaltase
126 із 200
A 35 year old man got a trauma that resulted in complete rupture of spinal cord at a level of the first cervical segment. What changes of respiration will be observed?
Respiration will come to a standstill
Respiration will become diaphragmatic
Respiration won’t change
Respiration will become frequent and shallow
Respiration will become infrequent and deep
127 із 200
During an experiment the median part of an animal’s cochlea was damaged. This resulted in impaired perception of acoustic vibrations of the following frequency:
Medium
High and medium
High
Low and medium
Low
128 із 200
A man got poisoned with mushrooms. They contain muscarine that stimulates muscarinic cholinoreceptors. What symptom is typical for poisoning with inedible mushrooms?
Miosis
Bronchi dilation
Arterial pressure rise
Heart rate rise
Mydriasis
129 із 200
A patient suffering from syphilis was prescribed a drug the action of which based upon disturbed generation of murein leading to death of the causati- ve agent. What drug is it?
Benzylpenicillin sodium salt
Doxycycline hydrochloride
Azithromycin
Ciprofloxacin
Bijochinol
130 із 200
A patient suffering from chronic bronchitis takes a synthetic mucolytic drug that stimulates sputum liquefaction. What drug is it?
Acetylcysteine
Enalapril
Furosemide
Heparin
Diazepam
131 із 200
A microspecimen of parotid gland presents secretory acines with serous cells that synthesize mostly enzymes. According to the chemical composition classification, the parotid gland relates to the following glands:
Serous
Seromucous
Mucous
Enzymatic
-
132 із 200
After mouth opening the mouth closed reflectory. What receptors initiate this reflex?
Proprioceptors of elevator muscles of mandible
Gustatory receptors
Mechanoreceptors of oral mucous membrane
Periodontium receptors
Proprioceptors of depressor muscles of mandible
133 із 200
After continuous treatment with antibiotics a patient got symptoms of stomatitis. Examination of specimens of oral mucous membrane revealed some oval polymorphous Gram-positive microorganisms arranged in clusters. What microorganism may be the cause of such manifestations?
C.albicans
S.pyogenes
C.perfringens
C.pylori
S.aureus
134 із 200
After mouth closing and teeth clenching the mouth opens reflectory. What receptots initiate this reflex?
Receptors of periodontium
Gustatory receptors
Mechanoreceptors of oral mucous membrane
Proprioceptors of elevator muscles of lower jaw
Proprioceptors of depressor muscles of lower jaw
135 із 200
Examination of a female patient revealed low activity of lipoprotein lipase which hydrolyzes chylomicron triglycerides on the surface of endothelium of adipose tissue capillaries. What biochemical disorders should be expected?
Type I hyperlipoproteinemia
Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia
Type II B hyperlipoproteinemia
Type II A hyperlipoproteinemia
Type III hyperlipoproteinemia
136 із 200
A child has physical and mental retardation, serious abnormalities in connective tissue of internal organs; urine contains keratan sulfates. This is caused by metabolic disorder of the following substance:
Glycosaminoglycan
Fibronectin
Collagen
Hyaluronic acid
Elastin
137 із 200
A 40 year old female patient has enlarged thyroid gland. On palpation the gland is dense, its surface is slightly tuberous. Histological examination of gland sample revealed diffuse infiltration of tissue by the cells, formation of lymphoid follicles. What disease is it?
Autoimmune thyroiditis
Endemic goiter
Diffuse toxic goiter
Sporadic goiter
Riedel’s disease
138 із 200
A 30 year old woman has been continuously using lipstick with a fluorescent substance that led to development of a limited erythema on the prolabium, slight peeling, and later small transversal sulci and fissures. Microscopical examination of the affected zone revealed in the connective tissue sensibilized lymphocytes and macrophages, effects of cytolysis. What type of immunological hypersensitivity has developed on the lip?
IV type (cellular cytotoxicity)
Granulomatosis
III type (immune complex cytotoxicity)
II type (antibody cytotoxicity)
I type (reagin type)
139 із 200
A patient suffering from essential arterial hypertension got hypertensic crisis that caused an attack of cardiac asthma. What is the leading mechanism of cardiac insufficiency in this case?
Cardiac overload due to increased resistance
Disturbed blood inflow to the heart
Absolute coronary insufficiency
Myocardium damage
Cardiac overload due to increased blood volume
140 із 200
A patient who has been taking a certain drug for a long time cannot discontinue the use of it because this causes psychic and somatic disfunctions. The syndrome occuring at refraining from the use of a drug is called:
Abstinence
Tachyphylaxis
Idiosyncrasy
Sensitization
Cumulation
141 із 200
A 43 year old female patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints of pain in the right subcostal area, skin itch. Examination revealed hypalgesia and hematolysis, skin icteritiousness, bradycardia, hypotonia. What is the most probable cause of these symptoms?
Cholemia
Parenchymatous jaundice
Hepatocellular jaundice
Diabetes mellitus
Intensification of erythrocyte haemolysis
142 із 200
A patient underwent partial removal of a structure of central nervous system by medical indications. This resulted in development of atony, astasia, intention tremor, ataxia, adiadochokinesis. What structure of CNS was partially removed?
Cerebellum
Basal ganglions
Amygdaloid complex
Motor cortex
Hippocampus
143 із 200
Blood analysis of a patient suffering from jaundice revealed increase of total bilirubin by its indirect fraction. Urine and feces have intense colouring. What is the most probable mechanism of these abnormalities?
Increased haemolysis of erythrocytes
Impaired transformation of urobilinogen in the liver
Damage of liver parenchyma
Impaired generation of direct bilirubin
Obstruction of bile outflow from the liver
144 із 200
What contraction of upper extremity muscles will be observed during holding (but not moving) a load in a certain position?
Isometric
Isotonic
Excentric
Concentric
Auxotonic
145 із 200
A patient has roundish ulcers on his face, inflammation and enlargement of lymph nodes. These symptoms turned up as a result of mosquito bites. Laboratory examination of discharge from the ulcers revealed unicellular aflagellar organisms. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Dermatotropic leishmaniasis
Toxoplasmosis
Trypanosomiasis
Scabies
Myasis
146 із 200
A patient has been suffering from diabetes mellitus for 5 years. As a result of not keeping to a diet the patient passed into a comatose state. Emergency doctor injected him glucose. The patient’s state got better. What is the most probable type of coma in this case?
Hypoglycemic
Acidotic
Hepatic
Hyperglycemic
Hypothyreoid
147 із 200
A patient was admitted to the infectious diseases department. His skin was dry, with low turgor; he had rice-water stool. The patient was diagnosed with cholera. This disease is ordinarily accompanied by the folowing disorder of water-electrolytic balance:
Isoosmotic hypohydration
Hyperosmotic hypohydration
Hyperosmotic hyperhydration
Hyposmotic hyperhydration
Hypoosmotic hypohydration
148 із 200
A specimen of connective tissue of derma was stained with Sudan III and hematoxylin. There are clusters of big polygonal cells that turned orange. Their nuclei are flattened and located on periphery. What tissue is it?
White adipose
Brown adipose
Hyaline cartilaginous
Lamellar osseous
Reticular connective
149 із 200
For the purpose of anaesthetization a patient got injection of local anesthetic. A few minutes later the patient got dyspnea and tachycardia; he lost consciousness. What type of shock is it?
Anaphylactic
Haemorrhagic
Burn
Traumatic
Cardiogenic
150 із 200
A new-born child has hyperemia, edema of the oral mucous membrane, small erosions with viscous mucopus. Smears from the mucopus contain a lot of leukocytes with Gram-negative diplococci. The same microorganisms can be found also beyond the leukocytes. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Gonococcal stomatitis
Toxoplasmosis
Blennorrhea
Congenital syphilis
Staphylococcal stomatitis
151 із 200
Examination of a tissue sample of enlarged cervical lymph nodes taken from a young woman revealed proliferation of lymphocytes, reticular cells, macrophages, big and small Hodgkin’s cells, multinuclear Sternberg-Reed cells. There were also multiple eosinophils, single foci of caseous necrosis of the node tissue. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Lymphogranulomatosis
Metastasis of lung cancer
Acute leukosis
Tuberculosis
Lymphosarcoma
152 із 200
Microscopical study of discharges from urethra of a patient suffering from acute urethritis revealed bean-shaped microorganisms up to 1 micrometer in diameter arranged in pairs and placed inside the leukocytes. What microorganisms are these?
Gonococci
Tetracocci
Streptococci
Meningococci
Staphylococci
153 із 200
A patient with fracture of femoral bone in the area of surgical neck got symptoms of acute dextroventricular insufficiency as a result of pulmonary embolism. What type of embolism is it?
Fat
Gas
Metastatic
Tissue
Air
154 із 200
A patient has dislocation of his mandible that caused impairment of salivation and gustatory sensitivity of anterior 2/3 of his tongue. What nerve was damaged?
Tympanichord
Deep petrosal nerve
Sublingual nerve
Lesser petrosal nerve
Greater petrosal nerve
155 із 200
A 40 year old male patient died from cerebral edema. In anamnesis the face carbuncle was registered. Autopsy revealed hyperemia and edema of cerebral tissue. White matter of the left hemisphere had two cavities 6x5,5 and 5x4,5 cm large filled with yellowish-green cream-like fluid. Walls of the cavities were built up by nerve tissue with irregular rands. What complication of carbuncle was it?
Acute abscesses
Empyema
Chronic abscesses
Colliquative necroses
Cysts
156 із 200
A dentist was examining oral cavity of a 9 year old child in the buccal surface of gingiva in the area of the lower canine he revealed a red, soft, node-like formation 1 cm in diameter that started immediately bleeding when touched. Microscopical examination revealed that this formation consisted of many small vessels like venules and capillaries separated by thin layers of connective tissue, with focal infiltration by lymphoid and plasmatic cells. Such changes are typical for:
Angiomatous epulis
Capillary hemangioma
Papilloma
Radicular granuloma
Fibrous epulis
157 із 200
In the surgical department of a dental clinic cases of hospital-acquired staphylococcal infection were registered which was caused by strains with multiple drug resistance. Such feature can be identified by presence of:
R-plasmids
Exotoxins
Temperate bacteriophages
F-plasmids
Virulent bacteriophages
158 із 200
Roentgenological examination of a patient revealed a deformity of the inferior wall of the right eye socket. What paranasal sinus was most probably damaged?
Right maxillary sinus
Sphenoidal sinus
Left ethmoidal labyrinth
Right ethmoidal labyrinth
Frontal sinus
159 із 200
During examination a dentist revealed cervical caries of right inferior incisors as well as enlargement of a certain group of lymph nodes. What lymph nodes are enlarged?
Submental
Deep cervical
Facial
Occipital
Superficial cervical
160 із 200
Examination of a tubular organ revealed that its middle membrane consisted of solid hyaline rings. What epithelium lines mucous membrane of this organ?
Multinuclear prismatic ciliated
Monolayer cubic
Monolayer prismatic with a limbus
Multilayer squamous nonkeratinous
Monolayer prismatic glanduous
161 із 200
What method should be applied for sterilization of heatproof and moi-stureproof stomatological instruments in order to ensure total destruction of vi- ruses, vegetative and spore forms of microorganisms?
Autoclaving
Tyndallization
Boiling
Pasteurization
Burning in the flame of gas burner
162 із 200
A female patient was admitted to the hospital with pleuritis. Which area of pleural cavity contains most exudate?
Costodiaphragmatic recess
Costomediastinal recess
Phrenicomediastinal recess
Under the pleural cupula
Under the pulmonary radix
163 із 200
A 10 month old child has high excitability, sleep disturbance, amyotonia, retarded dentition, teeth erupt with inadequate enamel calcification. These changes are caused by deficiency of the following vitamin:
Cholecalciferol
Riboflavin
Retinol
Thiamine
Nicotinamide
164 із 200
Examination of nasal cavity revealed deviation of the posterior part of nasal septum. What bone is affected?
Vomer
Lateral plate of pterygoid process
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Medial plate of pterygoid process
Vertical plate of palatine bone
165 із 200
During embryogenesis the epithelial band also known as vestibular plate gives rise to development of vestibule of mouth. What biological mechanism of the programmed death of cells provides growth of buccolabial sulcus from epithelial plate?
Apoptosis
Meiosis
Amitosis
Necrosis
Paranecrosis
166 із 200
Roentgenological examination of mandible of a 27 year old man revealed a focus of osseous tissue destruction. Histological examination revealed a tumour consisting of odontogenous epithelium cords, immature connective tissue and dysplastic dentin rests. What tumour is it?
Dentinoma
Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma
Odontogenous fibroma
Odontoameloblastoma
Complex odontoma
167 із 200
A male patient underwent an operation on account of inguinal hernia. During the operation a surgeon damaged content of the inguinal canal. What structure was damaged?
Funiculus spermaticus
Urarchus
Lig. teres uteri
-
Lig. inguinale
168 із 200
A patient with fracture of the greater wing of sphenoid bone was admitted to the craniocerebral department. The fracture line went through the spinous foramen. What vessel was damaged?
Middle meningeal artery
Superficial artery
Anterior deep temporal artery
Lateral pterygoid artery
Posterior deep temporal artery
169 із 200
A patient has allergic rhinitis with profuse mucous discharges, itching, frequent sneezing. What drug should be chosen if you know that it selectively blocks histamine receptors?
Loratadine
Prednisolone
Mesatonum
Naphthizin
Adrenaline hydrochloride
170 із 200
A patient with myocardium infarction was admitted to the cardiological department. In order to relieve his pain it was decided to potentiate action of fentanyl by a certain neuroleptic. What is the most suitable neuroleptic for neuroleptanalgesia?
Droperidol
Triftazine
Aminazine
Sulpiride
Haloperidol
171 із 200
During examination of a child’s oral cavity a pediatrician established presence of inferior medial incisors. The child’s development is normal. How old is the child?
6-7 months
-
10-12 months
13-14 months
8-9 months
172 із 200
A 23 year old man got perforation of hard palate. There was also a solid well-defined formation. Post-operative microscopical examination of this formation revealed a large focus of caseous necrosis surrounded by granulation tissue with endovasculitis and cellular infiltrate consisting mainly of plasmocytes but also of lymphocytes and epithelioid cells. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Syphilis
Scleroma
Sarcoma
Tuberculosis
Lepra
173 із 200
A young woman has entered a production unit where strongly smelled of paints and varnishes and had bronchospasm. This reflex was provoked by irritation of the following receptors:
Irritant
Central chemoreceptors
Pleural receptors
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Juxtaglomerular
174 із 200
A histological specimen presents an organ that has both cortical and medullary substance. Cortical substance consists of an external zone that contains lymph nodules as well as of a paracortical zone. Medullary substance contains medullary cords, sinuses and trabecules. What organ possesses these morphological signs?
Lymph node
Spleen
Adrenal glands
Thymus
Kidney
175 із 200
A ventral root of spinal cord was damaged as a result of a trauma. The following processes of the following neurons were damaged:
Axons of motor neurons
Dendrites of motor neurons
Dendrites of internuncial neurons
Axons of sensory neurons
Dendrites of sensory neurons
176 із 200
A 7 year old child has angina. A smear from the tonsil surface was inoculated on blood agar. 24 hours later there had grown colonies of streptococci. Nutrient medium turned transparent around them. This study revealed presence of the following pathogenous factor:
Hemolysin
Endotoxin
Leukocidin
Beta-lactamase
Neuraminidase
177 із 200
Hurtnup’s disease is caused by point mutation of only one gene. This results in abnormal absorption of tryptophane in the intestine as well as its abnormal reabsorption in renal tubules. This causes synchronous disorders in digestive and urinary excretion systems. What genetic phenomenon is observed in this case?
Pleiotropy
Semidominance
Complementary interaction
Polymery
Codominance
178 із 200
A patient with Itsenko-Cushing syndrome has persistent hyperglycemia and glycosuria, hypertension, osteoporosis, obesity. Increased synthesis and hypersecretion of the following hormone will be observed in this case:
Cortisol
Glucagon
Thyroxin
Adrenaline
Aldosterone
179 із 200
A patient was delivered to the admission ward with poisoning with an insecticide of anticholinesterase action. What drug able to block muscarinic choli-noreceptors should be prescribed?
Atropine sulfate
Dithylinum
Benzohexonium
Pilocarpine hydrochloride
Mesatonum
180 із 200
A 15 year old girl was delivered to the hospital with inflammation of vermiform appendix. Blood analysis revealed signs of anaemia. Her feces contained lemon-shaped helminthic eggs (50x30 micrometer) with 'plugs' on the poles. What type of helminth is it?
Trichuris
Pinworm
Echinococcus
Hymenolepis nana
Hookworm
181 із 200
Prophylactic medical examination of a 7 year old boy revealed that the boy had Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (only boys can be affected). His parents are healthy but his grandfather by his mother’s side has the same diagnosis. What is the type of disease inheritance?
Recessive, sex-linked
Autosomally dominant
Semidominance
Autosomally recessive
Dominant, sex-linked
182 із 200
Endoscopic examination of duodenum revealed a tumour of the major papilla. This pathological formation is localized in the following part of duodenum:
Descending part
Superior flexure
Horizontal part
Ascending part
Superior part
183 із 200
Autopsy revealed that the upper lobe of the right lung was enlarged, grey, airless; surface of incision was dripping with turbid liquid; pleura had a lot of fibrinous plicae. Microscopical examination of alveoles revealed exudate containing neutrophils, desquamated alveolocytes and fibrin fibres. Bronchus wall was intact. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Croupous pneumonia
Pulmonary abscess
Interstitial pneumonia
Focal pneumonia
Influenzal pneumonia
184 із 200
Examination of mountain climbers who have spent a long time in a high-altitude region revealed increase of erythrocyte number (over 6 • 1012/l) and haemoglobin concentration ( over 170 g/l). What mechanism caused this phenomenon?
Intensified production of erythropoietin by the kidneys
Improved ability of tissue for oxygen utilization
Weakening of intracellular erythrocyte haemolysis
Intensified processes of anoxic energy production
Weakening of erythrocyte haemolysis in bloodstream
185 із 200
A 60 year old patient complains of tongue burning, excessive salivation and glossalgia effects that came 5 days after he started using a metal dental bridge. Objectively: mucous membrane of oral cavity is edematic and hyperemic. What form of stomatitis is it?
Catarrhal
Fibrinous
Gangrenous
Purulent
Ulcerous
186 із 200
A patient underwent extraction of a tooth with oval crown and two tubercles on its masticatory surface. Its root is strongly flattened in mesiodistal direction, its apex is bifurcated. What tooth was extracted?
First superior premolar
First inferior premolar
Second inferior premolar
Canine
Second superior premolar
187 із 200
Analysis of a dentist’s urine obtained at the end of his working day revealed protein concentration at the rate of 0,7 g/l. His morning urine hadn’t such changes. What is this phenomenon called?
Functional proteinuria
Organic proteinuria
Extrarenal proteinuria
Nonselective proteinuria
Hematuria
188 із 200
As a result of a trauma a patient has got disfunction of lachrymal gland. What nerve is responsible for its secretion?
N. petrosus major
Chorda tympany
N. occipitalis minor
N. auricularis magnus
N. petrosus minor
189 із 200
Pathological material taken from a patient suffering from pulpitis was inoculated onto KittTarozzi cultural medium. It is planned to find the following microorganisms:
Anaerobic
Aerobic
Acid-resistant
Haemolytic
Acidophilic
190 із 200
The 16th tooth of a patient is missing. X-ray picture shows in the depth of alveolar process rarefaction of bone and a well-defined cavity that contained the underdeveloped tooth crown. Microscopical examination revealed that the cavity wall was lined with stratified squamous epithelium and enclosed within a fibrous capsule. Make a diagnosis:
Follicular gnathic cyst
Cyst of the incisive canal
Primordial gnathic cyst
Cystic ameloblastoma of jaw
Radicular gnathic cyst
191 із 200
A 52 year old patient suffering from cancer of the lower jaw underwent a course of radiation therapy. The tumour has remitted. Which mechanism of cell destruction ensures efficiency of radiation therapy most of all?
Generation of free radicals
Hyperthermia
Lysis by natural killer cells
Vessel thrombosis
Mutagenesis
192 із 200
A histological specimen presents a developed tooth that has a coating resistant to acids, but it can be found only on the lateral surfaces of the tooth. What coating is meant?
Cuticle
Enamel pellicle
Enamel
Cement
Dentine
193 із 200
A sensory nerve ganglion consists of roundish neurocytes with one process that divides into axon and dendrite at a certain distance from perikaryon. What are such cells called?
Pseudounipolar
Multipolar
Unipolar
Apolar
Bipolar
194 із 200
Roentgenological examination of a patient revealed a cyst enclosing a tooth in its cavity in the area of the premolar. Microscopical examination revealed that the cyst wall consisted of connective tissue and was lined with multilayer squamous epithelium. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Follicular cyst
Epulis
Primordial cyst
Eosinophilic granuloma
Radicular cyst
195 із 200
A patient consulted a dentist about itching and burning in the oral cavity; high temperature. The patient was diagnosed with trichomonal gingivostomatitis. What drug should be chosen for his treatment?
Metronidazole
Ampicillin
Doxycycline hydrochloride
Nystatin
Gentamicin sulfate
196 із 200
A patient with a tumour in the area of superior tubercles of quadrigeminal plate has lost pupillary reflex. This is most probably caused by dysfunction of the following nucleus of cranial nerves:
Accessory nucleus of oculomotor nerve
Motor nucleus of accessory nerve
Motor nucleus of trochlear nerve
Motor nucleus of oculomotor nerve
Motor nucleus of abducent nerve
197 із 200
What preventive medications should be injected to a patient with open maxillofacial trauma provided that he has never got prophylactic vaccination before?
Antitetanus immunoglobulin and anatoxin
Antitetanus serum and antibiotics
Diphtheria, tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine and antibiotics
Tetanus anatoxin and antibiotics
Anticonvulsive drugs and anatoxin
198 із 200
Microscopic examination of periodontium revealed plethoric vessels, edema of connective tissue along with infiltration by single neutrophils. What type of exudative inflammation in the periodontium is it?
Serous
Fibrinous
Putrid
Purulent
Catarrhal
199 із 200
Histological study of an extirpated pulp revealed some cylindrical cells in its peripheral layer. What are these cells called?
Odontoblasts
Fibroblasts
Myofibroblasts
Ameloblasts
Monocytes
200 із 200
During examination of a patient a dentist revealed carious cavities on the front teeth that don’t have accessory antagonists. What teeth are meant?
Inferior medial incisors
Superior lateral incisors
Superior medial incisors
Superior canines
Inferior lateral incisors