Step 1 - Stomatology 2008

Examination of a man revealed a protozoan disease that affected brain and caused vision loss. Blood analysis revealed unicellular half-moon-shaped organisms with pointed end. The causative agent of this disease is:

Trichmonad

Leishmania

Toxoplasma

Amoeba

Lamblia

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A married couple applied to the genetic consultation in order to consult about their child with multiple abnormalities (microcephaly, idiocy etc). The woman has had an illnesses during her pregnancy but she didn’t take any teratogens or mutagens. The parents’ and the child’s karyotype is normal. Anamnesis study revealed that the family kept a cat. What gravidic disease caused the child’s abnormalities?

Leishmaniasis

Balantidiasis

Dysentery

Toxoplasmosis

Trichomoniasis

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A patient has mental retardation, small height, brachydactyly, mongoloid slant. Analysys of his karyotype revealed trisomy 21. What chromosomal anomaly is it?

Specific fetopathy

Trisomy X

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Turner’s syndrome

Down’s disease

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A female patient has symptoms of inflammation of urogenital tracts. A smear from the vaginal mucous membrane contained big unicellular pyriform organisms with a sharp spike on the back end of their bodies; big nucleus and undulating membrane. What protozoa were revealed in the smear?

Trichomonas buccalis

Lamblia intestinalis

Trypanosoma gambiense

Trichomonas hominis

Trichomonas vaginalis

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Analysis of an electron diffraction pattern of a cell revealed mitochondrion destruction. This might result in abnormal course of the following cell process:

-

Nuclear division

Crossingover

Oxidation of organic substances

Cleavage

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Formation of ribosome subunits in a cell was disturbed in course of an experiment (by means of activated mutagenic factors). This will have an effect on the following metabolic process:

ATP synthesis

Protein biosynthesis

Biological oxidation

Carbohydrate biosynthesis

Photosynthesis

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Among public catering workers examined by doctors of sanitary-and-epidemiologic station often occur asymptomatic parasite carriers. This means that a healthy person carries cysts that infect other people. Such parasitizing is impossible for the following causative agent:

Viscerotropic leishmania

Intestinal trichomonad

Malarial plasmodium

Dysenteric amoeba

Dermatotropic leishmania

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It is known that information about sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule is encoded as a sequence of four types of nucleotides in a DNA molecule, and different amino acids are encoded by different number of triplets - from one to six. Such peculiarity of the genetic code is called:

Triplety

Nonoverlapping

Specificity

Universality

Degeneracy

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A patient suffering from caries of the left inferior premolar has got a swelling on his neck above the hyoid bone. There appeared fever, salivary discharge, contraction of masticatory muscles, difficult mouth opening. The patient was diagnosed with phlegmon of mouth floor. What muscles will be involved in the process?

Hyoglossal and styloglossal

Platysma and stylohyoid

Thyrohyoid and sternohyoid

Digastric and stylohyoid

Mylohyoid and geniohyoid

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Vagosympathetic Vishnevsky’s block involves introduction of novocaine along the posterior edge of sternocleidomastoid muscle above its intersection with exterior jugular vein. The block is performed within the following triangle of neck:

Carotid

Submandibular

Omoclavicular

Omotrapezoid

Pirogoff’s

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During approach to the thyroid gland by means of transverse section suprasternal cellular tissue space should be opened. It will be dangerous to damage the following anatomic formation located within this space:

Venous jugular arch

Lymph nodes

Internal jugular vein

Subclavicular artery

Carotid artery

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A female patient with pyelonephritis was admitted to the urological department. Examination revealed an associated infection accompanied by pyelovenous reflux. This complication was induced by affection of the following structure:

Fornical renal apparatus

Renal tubules

Straight tubules

Renal corpuscle

Excretory renal tracts

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A 27 year old patient consulted a doctor about a solid tumour in front of the antilobium. During removal of this tumour a dental surgeon revealed a vein. What vein is localized in this area?

V facialis

V jugularis externa

V retromandibularis

V jugularis interna

V auricularis posterior

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A 24 year old patient consulted a doctor about pain below his lower jaw on the right. Dental surgeon revealed a concrement in the submandibular gland. During its removal he had to prevent bleeding out of the following artery:

A. facialis

A. lingualis

A. labialis inferior

A. submentalis

A. alveolaris inferior

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Study of a patient’s facial gesture revealed that he couldn’t whistle, round his lips; mouth corners didn’t rise during laughing, oral fissure stretched sidewards (transversal smile). These symptoms indicate the atrophy of the following muscle:

Greater zygomatic muscle

Cervical muscle

Masticatory muscle

Risorius muscle

Orbicular muscle of mouth

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A doctor examined a victim of a road accident and revealed damage of the exterior wall of eye socket. The patient has lost ability to abduct the eyeball on the affected side. What nerve might be damaged in this case?

N. infraorbitalis

N. oculomotorius

N. abducens

N. ophthalmicus

N. trochlearis

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After extraction of the II maxillary molar tooth the patient has got haemorrhage from the alveolar socket. The observed haemorrhage is from the system of the following artery:

Mylohyoid

Maxillary

Ascending pharyngeal

Inferior alveolar

Facial

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A basketball player complains of pain over his heel that is getting stronger during walking. It might be caused by damage of tendon of the following muscle:

m. flexor digitorum longus

m. tibialis posterior

m. triceps surae

m. fibularis brevis

m. fibularis longus

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A student has accidentally hit his elbow against the edge of the table and sensed burning and tingling on the interior surface of his forearm. What nerve was damaged in this case?

N. medianus

N. axillaris

N. radialis

N. musculocutaneus

N. ulnaris

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In process of the secretory cycle secretion granules come and go in the apical part of cytoplasm of pancreas cells. These granules relate to the following structure elements:

Exocytic vacuoles

Lysosomes

Microfilaments

Inclusions

Granular endoplasmic reticulum

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A 35 year old female patient diagnosed with infertility underwent diagnostic biopsy of endometrium. Microscopical examination revealed that its mucous membrane was edematic, uterine glands were convoluted and filled with thick secretion. Such changes of endometrium are caused by excess of the following hormone:

ACTH

Progesterone

Somatotropin

Testosterone

Estrogen

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Influence of unfavourable factors upon the organism causes change of thymus accompanied by mass loss of thymocytes, their displacement to the peripheral organs, proliferation of epithelioreticulocytes. What phenomenon is it?

Thymus atrophy

Age thymus involution

Accidental thymus involution

Thymus hypotrophy

Thymus dystrophy

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Examination of a patient revealed abnormal development of enamel. This is caused by damage of the following structural elements of dental germ:

External enamel epithelium of enamel organ

Cervix of enamel organ

Intermediate layer of enamel organ

Pulp of enamel organ

Internal enamel epithelium of enamel organ

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A histological specimen of an oral cavity organ demonstrates that the organ’s anterior surface is lined with multilayer squamous nonkeratinous epithelium, and its posterior surface - with multiserial ciliated epithelium. What organ is it?

Cheek

Lip

Gingiva

Soft palate

Hard palate

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Examination of uterine cavity revealed an embryonated ovum that wasn’t attached to the endometrium. The embryo is at the following stage of development:

Blastocyst

Neurula

Morula

Gastrula

Zygote

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A mountain climber spent a long time in the mountains. Erythrocyte number has risen from 5,0 • 1012/l up to 6,0 • 1012/l. What factor stimulated erythropoiesis?

Decrease of O2 in the arterial blood

Decrease of O2 in the venous blood

Increase of O2 in the cells

Increase of O2 in the venous blood

Increase of O2 in the arterial blood

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What factor may cause increase of power inputs of human organism by 100%?

Consumption of carbohydrate food

Consumption of fatty food

Rise of external temperature

Drop of external temperature

Consumption of protein food

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A 40 year old European works in a Southeast Asian country. He complains that it is hard to bear high temperature under conditions of high relative humidity. The reason for it is difficult heat emission by way of:

Radiation

Heat conduction

Convection

Evaporation

Convection and heat conduction

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Examination of a patient who has recently had a hepatic disease revealed low concentration of prothrombin in blood. First of all this will cause disturbance of:

Second phase of coagulation haemostasis

Fibrinolysis

Vasculothrombocytic haemostasis

First phase of coagulation haemostasis

Anticoagulative blood properties

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Researchers studied speed of excitement conduction in different areas of an isolated heart. Which area demonstrated the lowest speed?

Atrial myocardium

Atrioventricular node

Purkinje’s fibers

His’ bundle

Ventricular myocardium

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A patient who takes blocker of membrane cytoreceptors of efferent conductor synapses of autonomic nervous system complains about dry mouth. What receptors are blocked?

Nicotinic cholinoreceptors

Muscarinic cholinoreceptors

H2 -receptors

^-adrenoreceptors

3- adrenoreceptors

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A student has dry mouth during an exam. This is caused by realization of the following reflexes:

Conditioned and unconditioned sympathetic

Unconditioned parasympathetic

Conditioned parasympathetic

Conditioned sympathetic

Unconditioned sympathetic and parasympathetic

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A child has abnormal formation of tooth enamel and dentin as a result of low concentration of calcium ions in blood. Such abnormalities might be caused by deficiency of the following hormone:

Triiodothyronine

Thyroxin

Thyrocalcitonin

Somatotropic hormone

Parathormone

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ECG of a patient showed that RR interval equaled 1,5 s, heart rate equaled 40 bpm. What is cardiac pacemaker?

Sinus node

Left branch of His’ bundle

Atrioventricular node

His’ bundle

Right branch of His’ bundle

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A patient has hyperkaliemia and hyponatremia. Such changes might be caused by hyposecretion of the following hormone:

Vasopressin

Aldosterone

Parathormone

Cortisol

Natriuretic

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Tissue is being stimulated by electric cathodic impulse with amplitude of 70% of threshold. What changes of membrane potential will be observed?

Partial depolarization

Hyperpolarization

-

No changes

Action potential

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Analysis of a patient’s saliva revealed high concentration of lactate. This is most probably caused by activation of the following process:

Glycogen breakdown

Anaerobic glucose breakdown

Aerobic glucose breakdown

Carbohydrate hydrolysis

Glucose-lactate cycle

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A patient diagnosed with malignant carcinoid has extremely high concentration of serotonin in blood. This biogenic amine can be formed from the following amino acid:

Tryptophan

Methionine

Alanine

Leucine

Threonine

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As a result of improper feeding an infant got full-blown diarrhea. One of its main consequences is excretion of large amount of sodium bicarbonate. What form of acid-base balance disturbance is it?

Excretory acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

Respiratory alkalosis

Acid-base balance won’t be disturbed

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A patient suffering from chronic renal insufficiency has got osteoporosis. Osteoporosis was caused by abnormal synthesis of the following regulator of mineral metabolism in kidneys:

Cortisol hydroxylation

1, 25(OH)2 D3 formation

Lysine hydroxylation

Glutamate carboxylation

Proline hydroxylation

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Parodontosis is treated by means of antioxidants. Which of the following natural compounds is used as an antioxidant:

Thiamine

Choline

Gluconate

Tocopherol

Pyridoxine

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A patient has high sunlight sensitivity of skin. During standing his urine turns dark-brown. What is the most probable cause of this condition?

Haemolytic jaundice

Alkaptonuria

Albinism

Porphyria

Pellagra

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Periodontitis is accompanied by activation of proteolysis in the periodontium tissues. The evidence of proteolysis activation is increase of the following component of oral liquid:

Biogenic amines

Glucose

Amino acids

Cholesterol

Organic acids

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A patient has been diagnosed with alkaptonuria. This pathology is caused by deficiency of the following enzyme:

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

Oxidase of homogentisic acid

DOPA decarboxylase

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Glutamate dehydrogenase

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An experimental rat got intraabdominal injection of 10 ml of 40% glucose solution. 60 minutes later the rat passed into a comatose state as a result of dehydratation. What is the mechanism of development of this state?

Rise of oncotic pressure of extracellular fluid

Loss of salts and water

Rise of osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid

Acid-base disbalance

Reduction of vasopressin secretion

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A 62 year old patient with cerebral haemorrhage was admitted to the neurological department in grave condition. Objectively: increase of respiration depth and rate with its following reduction to apnoea, thereafter respiration cycle restores. What respiration type is it?

Gasping

Kussmaul’s

Biot’s

Apneustic

Cheyne-Stokes

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Patients suffering from relapsing typhus have fever that can be characterized by several days of high temperature alternating with periods of normal temperature. Such temperature curve is called:

Febris recurrens

Febris atypica

Febris continua

Febris hectica

Febris intermittens

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Poisoning with corrosive sublimate caused acute renal insufficiency. Its progress included four stages: 1) initial, 2) oligoanuria, 4) recovery. Name the third stage of acute renal insufficiency:

Ischemic

Hemodynamic

Polyuric

Pathochemical

Metabolic

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A 48 year old male patient was admitted to the hospital with acute attack of chronic glomerulonephritis. Examination revealed chronic renal failure. What is the cause of hyperazotemia by chronic renal failure?

Disorder of protein metabolism

Reduction of glomerular filtration

Reduction of tubular reabsorption

Disorder of water-electrolytic metabolism

Reduction of tubular excreation

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Examination of experimental rats that have been getting only carbohydrate feed for a long time revealed accumulation of water in tissues. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of edema development?

Hypooncotic

Hyperosmolar

Dysregulatory

Lymphogenous

Membranogenic

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Examination of a patient 24 hours after appendectomy revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis with regenerative shift. What is the most probable mechanism of development of absolute leukocytosis in peripheral blood?

Redistribution ofleukocytes in the organism

Immunity activation

Intensification of leukopoiesis

Slower emigration of leukocytes to the tissues

Reduction of leukolysis

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A patient suffering from chronic myeloleukemia has got the following symptoms of anemia: decreased number of erythrocytes and low haemoglobin concentration, oxyphilic and polychromatophilic normocytes, microcytes. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of anemia development?

Chronic haemorrhage

Substitution of haemoblast

Deficiency of vitamin B12

Intravascular hemolysis of erythrocytes

Reduced synthesis of erythropoietin

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Autopsy of a dead patient revealed that pia mater was dull, there were greenish-yellow overlays covering almost all convexital surface of cerebral hemispheres. Histological examination revealed extreme hyperemia of maters along with diffuse leukocytic infiltration. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Measles

Influenza

Anthrax

Meningococcal infection

Tuberculosis

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Examination of puncture biopsy material of liver revealed dystrophy of hepatocytes, their necrosis and sclerosis along with disturbance of beam and lobulous structure and formation of pseudolobules of regeneration nodes. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Progressing massive liver necrosis

Liver cirrhosis

Acute hepatitis

Chronic hepatitis

Chronic hepatosis

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A 6 year old child was delivered to the hospital because of measles pneumonia. On the mucous membrane of a cheek a dentist revealed an ill-defined greish area 2x2,5 cm large. Soft tissues are edematic and foul-smelling. The most probable diagnosis of the dentist should be:

Gangrenous stomatitis

Ulcerous stomatitis

Pustular stomatitis

Noma

Phlegmonous stomatitis

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A patient has deformation of jaw bones. Histological examination revealed there growth of fibrocellular tumourlike ill-defined tissue with primitive osteogenesis. What disease are these presentations typical for?

Parathyroid osteodystrophy

Osteosarcoma

Fibrous dysplasia

Ameloblastoma

Eosinophilic granuloma

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A 55 year old man had been suffering from chronic glomerulonephritis. He died from chronic renal failure. Macroscopi-cal examination revealed on the surface of epicardium and pericardium some greyish-white villous depositions. After their removal dilated and plethoric vessels were uncovered. What process took place in the pericardium?

Arterial hyperemia

Haemorrhagic inflammation

Fibrinous inflammation

Proliferative inflammation

Organization

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Autopsy of a 68 year old man who died from chronic cardiac insufficiency revealed deformed, thickened, conjoined cusps of mitral valve. Along the edge of joining there were small (1-2 mm) thrombs. What form of endocarditis caused development of chronic cardiac insufficiency?

Acute verrucous

Fibroplastic

Diffuse

Polypoulcerous

Recurrent verrucous

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A 42 year old patient who had been suffering from chronic granulomatous periodontitis and chronic purulent osteomyelitis of his lower jaw for 8 years died from chronic renal insufficiency. What complication of purulent osteomyelitis has developed in kidneys?

Atrophy

Adipose degeneration

Amyloidosis

Necrosis of epithelium of convoluted tubules

Hyalinosis

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A 5 year old child has the following symptoms: body temperature up to 40oC, acute headache, vomiting, anxiety, shiver. 4 days later there appeared hemorrhagic skin rash, oliguria and adrenal insufficiency that caused death. Bacteriological examination of pharyngeal smears revealed meningococcus. What form of meningococcal infection was it?

Meningococcal meningitis

Meningoencephalitis

-

Meningococcal nasopharyngitis

Meningococcemia

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A 75 year old male patient consulted a surgeon about a brown nonhealing ulcer of shin. Examination of biopsy material revealed diffuse growth of polymorphic atypic cells with brown pigment in their cytoplasm. Pearls reaction was negative. There were also a lot of pathological mitoses and foci of tissue necrosis. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Intradermal nevus

Melanoma

Trophic ulcer

Local hemosiderosis

Skin cancer

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Autopsy of a man who had been suffering from hypertension revealed in his brain a cavity with rubiginous walls. What event preceded development of these changes?

Ischemic infarction

Abscess

Diapedetic haemorrhages

Haematoma

Plasmorrhagias

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Medical examination of the first-year pupils included Mantoux test. 15 pupils out of 35 had negative reaction. What actions should be taken against children with negative reaction?

Repeat Mantoux test

Rabies vaccination

Antitoxin vaccination

BCG vaccination

Examination of blood serum

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On a certain territory mass death of rodents was registered. It was suspected that their death might have been caused by plague. What serological reaction should be applied for quick identification of antigen of the causative agent of this epizooty?

Neutralization

Agglutination

Passive hemagglutination

Precipitation

Complement binding

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A 10 year old child underwent Mantoux test (with tuberculin). 48 hours later there apperaed a papule up to 8 mm in diameter on the site of tuberculin injection. Tuberculin injection caused the following hypersensitivity reaction:

Arthus reaction

Atopic reaction

IV type hypersensitivity reaction

II type hypersensitivity reaction

Seroreaction

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A 58 year old female patient had to be prepared to cholecystectomy. Complex of premedication drugs included benzohexonium. What is the function of this drug in anaesthesia?

Intensification of retrograde amnesia

Functional block of visceral reflexes

Relaxation of smooth muscles

Reduction of excitement phase

Relaxation of skeletal muscles

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A patient had an attack of bronchial asthma in the dentist’s office. The attack was arrested by salbutamol. This drug relates to the following group of therapeutic agents:

a-3-adrenomimetics

3 i-32-adrenomimetics

a-adrenomimetics

Sympatholytics

/32-adrenomimetics

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A patient with acute duodenal ulcer was admitted to the hospital. Analysis of gastric juice revealed hyperfunction of secretion and acid-forming in stomach. Choose a drug that can reduce secretory function of stomach due to inhibition of H2-receptors:

Extract of dry belladonna

Ranitidine

Platyphyllin

Atropine

Methacin

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A patient was administered clonidi-ne to be taken parenterally in case of abrupt rise of arterial pressure. What is its mechanism of action?

Stimulation of central a2- adrenoreceptors

Block of a1- and a2-adrenoreceptors

Block of a 1 -adrenoreceptors

Stimulation of central imidazole1-receptors

Block of nicotinic cholinoreceptors of ganglia

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A patient was prescribed a drug with apparent lipophilic properties. What is the main mechanism of its absorption?

Pinocytosis

Binding with transport proteins

Filtration

Active transport

Passive diffusion

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A patient noticed symptoms of approaching attack of bronchial asthma and took several tablets one by one at short intervals out of the doctor’s control. Short-term improvement of his condition came only after taking the first two tablets. Next intakes of a drug didn’t improve his condition. Reduction of the drug effectiveness was caused by:

Tachyphylaxis

Idiosyncrasy

Cumulation

Addiction

Dependence

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A patient with streptococcal infection of gums was prescribed a drug that contained betalactam ring in its structure. Whi- ch drug relates to this group?

Chloramphenicol

Streptomycin sulfate

Rifampicin

Benzylpenicillin

Erythromycin

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It was necessary to determine absolute gustation thresholds of a healthy man for different substances. The lowest threshold will be observed for the following substance:

Sodium chloride

Quinine

Glucose

Saccharose

Citric acid

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A patient with neck injury was admitted to the hospital. Examination revealed a damaged nerve located anteriad to the frontal scalene. What nerve is damaged?

Vagus

Phrenic

Glossopharyngeal

Cervical part of sympathetic trunk

Sublingual

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A 38 year old patient takes aspirin and sulfanilamides. After their intake intensified erythrocyte haemolysis is observed which is caused by deficiency of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. This pathology is caused by failure of the following coenzyme:

FMN - H2

Ubiquinone

FAD - H2

Pyridoxal phosphate

NADP - H

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After a road accident a driver has got deformity in the midle third of his left shin and intense pain, especially when he tries to move his left shin. The ends of a trihedral bone stick out of a wound, there is great blood loss. What bone might be damaged?

Patella

Fibula

Astragalus

Femur

Tibia

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A histological specimen presents the tissue that contains cells having no processes and a few tens of nuclei each. One of cell surfaces has a corrugated zone that provides secretion of hydrolytic elements. What tissue is it?

Nerve tissue

Epithelial tissue

Cartilaginous tissue

Muscular tissue

Osseous tissue

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Potassium cyanide that is a poison came into a patient’s organism and caused death a few minutes after it. The most probable cause of its toxic effect was abnormal activity of:

NADP — H-dehydrogenase

Haemoglobin synthesis

ATP-synthetase

Catalase

Cytochrome oxidase

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Abnormal chromosome disjunction during meiosis resulted in formation of: an ovum with 22 autosomes and polar body with 24 chromosomes. If such an ovum would be fertilized with a normal spermatozoon (22 + X) the child might have the following syndrome:

Turner’s syndrome

Trisomy X

Edwards’ syndrome

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Down’s syndrome

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A patient underwent Caesarean section. During the operation a long incision was made in the uterus wall and the fetus was extracted from uterus. Healing of the sutured myometrium will proceed in the following way:

Hypertrophy of smooth myocytes

Formation of cross-striated muscle fibers

Formation of smooth muscular tissue

Formation of a fibrous cicatrix

Proliferation of myosatellitocytes

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Rheography of an 18 year old student during exercise showed redistribution of blood flow between organs. The peak blood flow will be observed in the following vessels:

Kidneys

Gastrointestinal tract

Skeletal muscles

Liver

Cerebrum

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Microscopical examination of exudate obtained from a rat with aseptic peritoni- tis and mixed with bird’s erythrocytes revealed macrophages surrounded by foreign erythrocytes. What stage of phagocytosis is it?

Uncomplete phagocytosis

Approaching

Intracellular digestion

Adherence

Immersion

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On the 2nd day after myocardium infarction the patient’s systolic arterial pressure abruptly dropped down to 60 mm Hg. This was accompanied by tachycardia up to 140 bpm, dyspnea, loss of consciousness. What is the leading mechanism in the pathogenesis of this shock?

Anaphylactic reaction to myocardial proteins

Decrease of circulating blood volume

Intoxication by the products of necrotic degeneration

Paroxysmal tachycardia

Decrease of stroke volume

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A 35 year old patient complains about permanent thirst, poor appetite. He drinks 9 l water per day. Daily diuresis is increased, urine is colourless, its relative density is 1,005. The most probable cause of this pathology development is damege of:

Epiphysis

Epithelium of renal tubuli

Basal membrane of glomerular capillaries

Adenohypophysis

Hypothalamic nuclei

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A patient with disfunction of external respiration has to undergo tracheotomy. The isthmus of thyroid gland is commonly situated on a level with the following tracheal rings:

IV-V

V-VI

I-II

III-IV

II- IV

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Active physical work induces rise of concentration of carbonic acid in blood. This causes deepening and acceleration of respiration thus reducing concentration of carbonic acid and hydrogen ions in blood. This maintains the following process:

Orthobiosis

Immunity

Anabiosis

Homeostasis

Ontogenesis

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Pathological process of purulent barotitis involves an artery on the anterior wall of tympanic cavity. What artery is it? A.

A. auricularis posterior

carotis interna

A. temporalis superficialis

A. carotis externa

A. meningea media

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A 34 year old male patient cosulted a doctor about face carbuncle. Objectively: a loose, painless edema of hypodermic tissue; black crust in the centre of carbuncle, vesicular rash around it. Microbiological examination revealed static streptobacilli capable of capsule building. What microorganisms are the causative agents of this disease?

Bacillus anthracoides

Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus megaterium

Staptylococcus aureus

Bacillus antracis

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A 38 year old patient complained that after acute respiratory viral disease she had lost sensation of food contact with the front 2/3 of her tongue as well as pain and temperature sensation (burned her tongue with hot tea). Which nerve and which branch of it was damaged?

Tympanichord of facial nerve

Lingual nerves of sublingual nerve

Lingual nerve of mandibular branch of trigeminus

Lingual branches of glossopharyngeal nerve

Superior laryngeal nerve of vagus

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Microscopical examination of coronary artery of a 53 year old dead man revealed luminal narrowing of the vessel because of fibrous plaque mixed with lipides. The most probable form of atherosclerosis is:

Lipoidosis

Atheromatosis

-

Liposclerosis

Ulceration

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A blood sample of a pregnant woman was typed. Erythrocyte-agglutination reaction was present with standard sera 0a, P(I), Ba(III), reaction was absent with the serum Ap(II). The blood under examination relates to the following group:

Ap(II)

-

AB(IV)

Ba(III)

0 a, p(I )

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A female patient suffering from acute bronchitis complains about respiratory obstruction and cough with thick viscous sputum. She was prescribed a mucolytic agent that stimulates surfactant synthesis. What mucolytic agent was prescribed?

Glaucin

Morphine hydrochloride

Theophylline

Ambroxolum

Sodium hydrocarbonate

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Coprological examination of a patient’s feces revealed small operculate eggs. It is known from the anamnesis that the patient often consumes fish. What fluke parasitizes in the patient’s organism?

Lancet fluke

Cat liver fluke

Liver fluke

Lung fluke

Blood fluke

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Clinical examination of a female patient revealed reduction of basal metabolism by 40%, gain in body mass, drop of body temperature, face puffiness, sexual disfunctions, inertness and apathy, lowered intelligence. These symptoms are caused by disfunction of the following endocrine gland:

Hyperfunction of thyroid gland

Hypofunction of thyroid gland

Hypophysis hyperfunction

Epiphysis hypofunction

Hypofunction of parathyroid glands

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During a neuro-surgical operation the occipital areas of cerebral cortex are stimulated. What sensations will the patient have?

Visual

Tactile

Auditory

Gustatory

Olfactory

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Microscopic study of an endocrine gland revealed that its parenchyma consisted of follicular structures. Their wall was formed by monolayer cubic epithelium, and their cavity was filled up with oxyphilic substance. What hormon is secreted by this gland?

Thyroxin

Cortisol

Oxytocin

Parathyrin

Aldosterone

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During starvation normal rate of glucose is maintained by means of activation of gluconeogenesis. What substance can be used as a substrate for this process?

Guanine

Urea

Ammonia

Alanine

Adenine

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What chnges will be observed in an isolated heart after introduction of adrenaline into the perfusion solution?

Increase of heart rate

Decrease of heart force

Increase of heart rate and force

Increase of heart force

Diastolic arrest

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A sportsman needs to improve his sporting results. He was recommended a drug containing carnitine. What process is activated by this compound in the first place?

Transport of vitamin K

Transport of calcium ions

Transport of amino acids

Transport of fatty acids

Transport of glucose

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A patient consulted a doctor about acute pain in the right subcostal area. During examination the doctor noticed yellowed sclera of the patient. Laboratory analyses revealed high activity of alanine-aminotransferase and negative reaction to stercobilin in feces. What disease are these symptoms typical for?

Chronic gastritis

Hepatitis

Chronic colitis

Haemolytic jaundice

Cholelithiasis

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A patient was admitted to a hospital with poisoning with unsound food. His stomach was lavaged with solution of potassium permanganate. What is its mechanism of action?

Release of atomic oxygen

Disturbance of synthesis of respiratory chain enzymes

Destruction of bacteria membranes

Release of iodine

Release of chlorine

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A patient complained about ear noise and pain sensations. Objectively: the patient has acute respiratory disease, rhinitis. The infection penetrated into the tympanic cavity through the following opening of the pharynx:

Tympanic opening of auditory tube

Pharyngeal opening of auditory tube

Aperture of larynx

Fauces

Choanae

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A 3 month old infant has got a white deposition on the mucous membrane of his mouth, tongue and lips. The doctor suspected candidosis. What nutrient medium should be used for inoculation of the material under examination in order to confirm this diagnosis?

Clauberg

Loewenstein-Jensen

Endo

Sabouraud

Roux

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Specific prophylaxis involved application of a vaccine containing microorganisms and exotoxin detoxicated by formalin. It relates to the following type of vaccine:

Genetically engineered

Combined

Anatoxin

Live

Chemical

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A 70 year old patient suffering from cardiac insufficiency has been uncontrolledly taking digoxin that resulted in extrasystole, vomiting, vision impairment, anxiety, sleep disturbance, reduction of diuresis. Application of drugs relating to the following group will be pathogenetically reasonable in this case:

Donators of nitrogen oxide

Donators of sulfhydric groups

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

Stimulants of pi-adrenoreceptors

Potassium channel blockers

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A patient suffering from hepatocerebral degeneration has low cncentration of ceruloplasmin in blood serum. What element accumulation will be observed in liver, cerebrum and kidneys of the patient?

Cuprum

Potassium

Sodium

Ferrum

Calcium

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Electron-microscope investigation of cortical substance of a kidney reveals some structures lined with prismatic epithelium that normally has brush border and deep plicae of plasmolemma in its basal part. There is a big number of mi-tochondrions between these plicae. These structures belong to the following part of a nephron:

Henle’s loop

Distal convoluted tubule

Renal corpuscle

Distal straight tubule

Proximal tubule

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Intralobular capillaries of a liver specimen have wide irregular lumen. Basal membrane is absent in the major part of the capillary. What type of capillaries is it?

Visceral

Sinusoid

Postcapillaries

Somatic

Precapillaries

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In order to speed up healing of the thermal injury it is required to prescribe a drug that facilitates epithelization of skin and mucous membranes. What drug is it?

Ergocalciferol

Retinol acetate

Ascorbic acid

Nicotinic acid

Tocopherol acetate

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A patient with ventricular arrhythmia was admitted to the cardiological department. What drug should be administered?

Proserin

Amiodarone

Drotaverine

Aminazine

Amlodipine

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After restoration of blood circulation in damaged tissue accumulation of lactate comes to a stop and speed of glucose consumption slows down. These metabolic changes are caused by activation of the following process:

Lipolysis

Aerobic glycolysis

Anaerobic glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Glycogen biosynthesis

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Researches of the latest decades established that immediate 'executors' of cell apoptosis are special enzymes called caspases. Generation of one of them proceeds with participation of cytochrome What is its function in a normal cell?

Enzyme of respiratory chain of electron transport

Enzyme of beta-oxidation of fatty acids

Enzyme of tricarboxylic acid cycle

Component of pyruvate-dehydrogenase system

Component of H + ATP system

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A patient with essential hypertension was admitted to the cardiological department. In order to lower arterial pressure a doctor prescribed a drug that blocks pi and ^-adrenoreceptors. What drug is it?

Indometacin

Proserin

Prednisolone

Celecoxib

Propranolol

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A patient with myocardium infarction was delivered to the resuscitation department. What drug should be injected to the patient for prophylaxis of pain shock?

Analgin

Paracetamol

Promedol

Naloxone

Celecoxib

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A patient with myocardium infarction was admitted to the resuscitation department. What drug should be injected to the patient in order to prevent thrombosis?

Chingamin

Thyroxine

Dimedrol

Biseptol-480

Heparin

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A 28 year old woman consulted a doctor about sterility. Examination revealed underdeveloped ovaries and uterus, irregular menstrual cycle. Study of sex chromatin revealed 2 Barr’s bodies in most somatic cells. What chromosome disease is the most probable in this case?

Triplo-X syndrome

Patau’s syndrome

Turner’s syndrome

Edwards’ syndrome

Klinefelter’s syndrome

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Treatment of many diseases involves use of cocarboxylase (thiamine pyrophosphate) for supplying cells with energy. What metabolic process is activated in this case?

Amino acids decarboxylation

Glutamate deamination

Oxidizing decarboxylation of pyruvate

Decarboxylation of biogenic amines

Detoxication of harmful substances in liver

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A patient with apparent icteri-tiousness of skin, sclera and mucous membranes was admitted to the hospital. The patient’s urine was of brown ale colour, analysis revealed presence of direct bilirubin. Feces had low concentration of bile pigments. What type of jaundice is it?

Conjugated

Obturative

Haemolytic

Parenchymatous

Absorbtion

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A patient suffers from chronic left-ventricular insufficiency. What drug should be prescribed?

Vinpocetine

Digoxin

Pyracetam

Bemegride

Etimizol

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Medical ambulance delivered a 2 year old girl to the children’s department. Objectively: the child is inert, apathetic. Liver is enlarged, study of biopsy material revealed glycogen excess. Blood glucose rate is below normal. The most probable cause of hypoglycemia is:

Low activity of glucose 1-phosphate uridine transferase

High activity of glucokinase

Low activity of glycogen phosphorylase

Low activity of glycogen synthase

Low activity of glucose 6-phosphatase

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A 22 year old woman has been taking sulfanilamides for a long time that led to symptoms of hemolytic anaemia caused by hereditary disturbance of synthesis of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. This enzyme of pentose-phosphate cycle is responsible for generation of:

FAD

FMN

NAD

NADP - H2

ATP

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A patient suffering from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was prescribed glibenclamid internally. What is the mechanism of its hypoglycemic action?

It stimulates generation of endogenous insulin by beta cells

It inhibits glucose absorption in the bowels

It inhibits gluconeogenesis in liver

It intensifies utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues

It inhibits alpha glucosidase and polysaccharide breakdown

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During the preventive examination of a miner a doctor revealed changes in cardiovascular fitness being evidence of cardiac insuffisiency at a stage of compensation. What is the main evidence of compensation of cardiac activity?

Dyspnea

Cyanosis

Rise of arterial pressure

Myocardium hypertrophy

Tachycardia

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A typical symptom of cholera is great loss of water and sodium ions. What mechanism underlies development of diarrhea in this case?

Activation of adenylate cyclase of enterocytes

Aldosterone oxidation in adrenal cortex

Increased secretion of renin by the cells of renal arterioles

Increased corticotropin synthesis

Inhibition of vasopressin synthesis in hypothalamus

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A newborn has signs of dyspepsia after milk feeding. Symptoms of dyspepsia disappear when milk is substituted for glucose solution. The newborn has low activity of the following enzyme:

Invertase

Isomaltase

Amylase

Maltase

Lactase

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A 35 year old man got a trauma that resulted in complete rupture of spinal cord at a level of the first cervical segment. What changes of respiration will be observed?

Respiration will come to a standstill

Respiration will become infrequent and deep

Respiration will become frequent and shallow

Respiration will become diaphragmatic

Respiration won’t change

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During an experiment the median part of an animal’s cochlea was damaged. This resulted in impaired perception of acoustic vibrations of the following frequency:

High

Low

Medium

High and medium

Low and medium

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A man got poisoned with mushrooms. They contain muscarine that stimulates muscarinic cholinoreceptors. What symptom is typical for poisoning with inedible mushrooms?

Heart rate rise

Miosis

Arterial pressure rise

Mydriasis

Bronchi dilation

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A patient suffering from syphilis was prescribed a drug the action of which based upon disturbed generation of murein leading to death of the causati- ve agent. What drug is it?

Benzylpenicillin sodium salt

Bijochinol

Doxycycline hydrochloride

Ciprofloxacin

Azithromycin

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A patient suffering from chronic bronchitis takes a synthetic mucolytic drug that stimulates sputum liquefaction. What drug is it?

Acetylcysteine

Heparin

Diazepam

Furosemide

Enalapril

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A microspecimen of parotid gland presents secretory acines with serous cells that synthesize mostly enzymes. According to the chemical composition classification, the parotid gland relates to the following glands:

Enzymatic

Mucous

-

Serous

Seromucous

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After mouth opening the mouth closed reflectory. What receptors initiate this reflex?

Proprioceptors of elevator muscles of mandible

Periodontium receptors

Mechanoreceptors of oral mucous membrane

Gustatory receptors

Proprioceptors of depressor muscles of mandible

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After continuous treatment with antibiotics a patient got symptoms of stomatitis. Examination of specimens of oral mucous membrane revealed some oval polymorphous Gram-positive microorganisms arranged in clusters. What microorganism may be the cause of such manifestations?

C.albicans

S.pyogenes

C.pylori

S.aureus

C.perfringens

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After mouth closing and teeth clenching the mouth opens reflectory. What receptots initiate this reflex?

Mechanoreceptors of oral mucous membrane

Gustatory receptors

Receptors of periodontium

Proprioceptors of depressor muscles of lower jaw

Proprioceptors of elevator muscles of lower jaw

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Examination of a female patient revealed low activity of lipoprotein lipase which hydrolyzes chylomicron triglycerides on the surface of endothelium of adipose tissue capillaries. What biochemical disorders should be expected?

Type I hyperlipoproteinemia

Type II A hyperlipoproteinemia

Type II B hyperlipoproteinemia

Type III hyperlipoproteinemia

Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia

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A child has physical and mental retardation, serious abnormalities in connective tissue of internal organs; urine contains keratan sulfates. This is caused by metabolic disorder of the following substance:

Hyaluronic acid

Collagen

Fibronectin

Elastin

Glycosaminoglycan

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A 40 year old female patient has enlarged thyroid gland. On palpation the gland is dense, its surface is slightly tuberous. Histological examination of gland sample revealed diffuse infiltration of tissue by the cells, formation of lymphoid follicles. What disease is it?

Endemic goiter

Sporadic goiter

Autoimmune thyroiditis

Diffuse toxic goiter

Riedel’s disease

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A 30 year old woman has been continuously using lipstick with a fluorescent substance that led to development of a limited erythema on the prolabium, slight peeling, and later small transversal sulci and fissures. Microscopical examination of the affected zone revealed in the connective tissue sensibilized lymphocytes and macrophages, effects of cytolysis. What type of immunological hypersensitivity has developed on the lip?

Granulomatosis

IV type (cellular cytotoxicity)

II type (antibody cytotoxicity)

I type (reagin type)

III type (immune complex cytotoxicity)

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A patient suffering from essential arterial hypertension got hypertensic crisis that caused an attack of cardiac asthma. What is the leading mechanism of cardiac insufficiency in this case?

Absolute coronary insufficiency

Disturbed blood inflow to the heart

Cardiac overload due to increased blood volume

Myocardium damage

Cardiac overload due to increased resistance

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A patient who has been taking a certain drug for a long time cannot discontinue the use of it because this causes psychic and somatic disfunctions. The syndrome occuring at refraining from the use of a drug is called:

Idiosyncrasy

Tachyphylaxis

Cumulation

Sensitization

Abstinence

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A 43 year old female patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints of pain in the right subcostal area, skin itch. Examination revealed hypalgesia and hematolysis, skin icteritiousness, bradycardia, hypotonia. What is the most probable cause of these symptoms?

Cholemia

Diabetes mellitus

Parenchymatous jaundice

Hepatocellular jaundice

Intensification of erythrocyte haemolysis

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A patient underwent partial removal of a structure of central nervous system by medical indications. This resulted in development of atony, astasia, intention tremor, ataxia, adiadochokinesis. What structure of CNS was partially removed?

Motor cortex

Amygdaloid complex

Basal ganglions

Hippocampus

Cerebellum

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Blood analysis of a patient suffering from jaundice revealed increase of total bilirubin by its indirect fraction. Urine and feces have intense colouring. What is the most probable mechanism of these abnormalities?

Obstruction of bile outflow from the liver

Increased haemolysis of erythrocytes

Damage of liver parenchyma

Impaired transformation of urobilinogen in the liver

Impaired generation of direct bilirubin

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What contraction of upper extremity muscles will be observed during holding (but not moving) a load in a certain position?

Isotonic

Isometric

Auxotonic

Excentric

Concentric

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A patient has roundish ulcers on his face, inflammation and enlargement of lymph nodes. These symptoms turned up as a result of mosquito bites. Laboratory examination of discharge from the ulcers revealed unicellular aflagellar organisms. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Trypanosomiasis

Scabies

Dermatotropic leishmaniasis

Myasis

Toxoplasmosis

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A patient has been suffering from diabetes mellitus for 5 years. As a result of not keeping to a diet the patient passed into a comatose state. Emergency doctor injected him glucose. The patient’s state got better. What is the most probable type of coma in this case?

Hypoglycemic

Hyperglycemic

Acidotic

Hepatic

Hypothyreoid

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A patient was admitted to the infectious diseases department. His skin was dry, with low turgor; he had rice-water stool. The patient was diagnosed with cholera. This disease is ordinarily accompanied by the folowing disorder of water-electrolytic balance:

Hyperosmotic hypohydration

Hypoosmotic hypohydration

Isoosmotic hypohydration

Hyposmotic hyperhydration

Hyperosmotic hyperhydration

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A specimen of connective tissue of derma was stained with Sudan III and hematoxylin. There are clusters of big polygonal cells that turned orange. Their nuclei are flattened and located on periphery. What tissue is it?

Brown adipose

Lamellar osseous

Hyaline cartilaginous

White adipose

Reticular connective

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For the purpose of anaesthetization a patient got injection of local anesthetic. A few minutes later the patient got dyspnea and tachycardia; he lost consciousness. What type of shock is it?

Traumatic

Cardiogenic

Burn

Anaphylactic

Haemorrhagic

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A new-born child has hyperemia, edema of the oral mucous membrane, small erosions with viscous mucopus. Smears from the mucopus contain a lot of leukocytes with Gram-negative diplococci. The same microorganisms can be found also beyond the leukocytes. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Blennorrhea

Staphylococcal stomatitis

Toxoplasmosis

Gonococcal stomatitis

Congenital syphilis

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Examination of a tissue sample of enlarged cervical lymph nodes taken from a young woman revealed proliferation of lymphocytes, reticular cells, macrophages, big and small Hodgkin’s cells, multinuclear Sternberg-Reed cells. There were also multiple eosinophils, single foci of caseous necrosis of the node tissue. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Tuberculosis

Lymphogranulomatosis

Lymphosarcoma

Acute leukosis

Metastasis of lung cancer

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Microscopical study of discharges from urethra of a patient suffering from acute urethritis revealed bean-shaped microorganisms up to 1 micrometer in diameter arranged in pairs and placed inside the leukocytes. What microorganisms are these?

Streptococci

Tetracocci

Staphylococci

Gonococci

Meningococci

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A patient with fracture of femoral bone in the area of surgical neck got symptoms of acute dextroventricular insufficiency as a result of pulmonary embolism. What type of embolism is it?

Metastatic

Tissue

Gas

Air

Fat

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A patient has dislocation of his mandible that caused impairment of salivation and gustatory sensitivity of anterior 2/3 of his tongue. What nerve was damaged?

Tympanichord

Sublingual nerve

Greater petrosal nerve

Lesser petrosal nerve

Deep petrosal nerve

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A 40 year old male patient died from cerebral edema. In anamnesis the face carbuncle was registered. Autopsy revealed hyperemia and edema of cerebral tissue. White matter of the left hemisphere had two cavities 6x5,5 and 5x4,5 cm large filled with yellowish-green cream-like fluid. Walls of the cavities were built up by nerve tissue with irregular rands. What complication of carbuncle was it?

Chronic abscesses

Cysts

Acute abscesses

Colliquative necroses

Empyema

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A dentist was examining oral cavity of a 9 year old child in the buccal surface of gingiva in the area of the lower canine he revealed a red, soft, node-like formation 1 cm in diameter that started immediately bleeding when touched. Microscopical examination revealed that this formation consisted of many small vessels like venules and capillaries separated by thin layers of connective tissue, with focal infiltration by lymphoid and plasmatic cells. Such changes are typical for:

Fibrous epulis

Angiomatous epulis

Radicular granuloma

Papilloma

Capillary hemangioma

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In the surgical department of a dental clinic cases of hospital-acquired staphylococcal infection were registered which was caused by strains with multiple drug resistance. Such feature can be identified by presence of:

Virulent bacteriophages

R-plasmids

Exotoxins

Temperate bacteriophages

F-plasmids

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Roentgenological examination of a patient revealed a deformity of the inferior wall of the right eye socket. What paranasal sinus was most probably damaged?

Frontal sinus

Right ethmoidal labyrinth

Left ethmoidal labyrinth

Sphenoidal sinus

Right maxillary sinus

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During examination a dentist revealed cervical caries of right inferior incisors as well as enlargement of a certain group of lymph nodes. What lymph nodes are enlarged?

Deep cervical

Occipital

Superficial cervical

Submental

Facial

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Examination of a tubular organ revealed that its middle membrane consisted of solid hyaline rings. What epithelium lines mucous membrane of this organ?

Monolayer prismatic with a limbus

Monolayer cubic

Multinuclear prismatic ciliated

Monolayer prismatic glanduous

Multilayer squamous nonkeratinous

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What method should be applied for sterilization of heatproof and moi-stureproof stomatological instruments in order to ensure total destruction of vi- ruses, vegetative and spore forms of microorganisms?

Autoclaving

Burning in the flame of gas burner

Boiling

Tyndallization

Pasteurization

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A female patient was admitted to the hospital with pleuritis. Which area of pleural cavity contains most exudate?

Under the pulmonary radix

Costodiaphragmatic recess

Costomediastinal recess

Under the pleural cupula

Phrenicomediastinal recess

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A 10 month old child has high excitability, sleep disturbance, amyotonia, retarded dentition, teeth erupt with inadequate enamel calcification. These changes are caused by deficiency of the following vitamin:

Retinol

Nicotinamide

Thiamine

Cholecalciferol

Riboflavin

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Examination of nasal cavity revealed deviation of the posterior part of nasal septum. What bone is affected?

Medial plate of pterygoid process

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

Lateral plate of pterygoid process

Vertical plate of palatine bone

Vomer

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During embryogenesis the epithelial band also known as vestibular plate gives rise to development of vestibule of mouth. What biological mechanism of the programmed death of cells provides growth of buccolabial sulcus from epithelial plate?

Paranecrosis

Apoptosis

Meiosis

Amitosis

Necrosis

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Roentgenological examination of mandible of a 27 year old man revealed a focus of osseous tissue destruction. Histological examination revealed a tumour consisting of odontogenous epithelium cords, immature connective tissue and dysplastic dentin rests. What tumour is it?

Complex odontoma

Odontoameloblastoma

Odontogenous fibroma

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma

Dentinoma

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A male patient underwent an operation on account of inguinal hernia. During the operation a surgeon damaged content of the inguinal canal. What structure was damaged?

Urarchus

Lig. inguinale

Funiculus spermaticus

-

Lig. teres uteri

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A patient with fracture of the greater wing of sphenoid bone was admitted to the craniocerebral department. The fracture line went through the spinous foramen. What vessel was damaged?

Lateral pterygoid artery

Middle meningeal artery

Posterior deep temporal artery

Anterior deep temporal artery

Superficial artery

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A patient has allergic rhinitis with profuse mucous discharges, itching, frequent sneezing. What drug should be chosen if you know that it selectively blocks histamine receptors?

Loratadine

Mesatonum

Naphthizin

Adrenaline hydrochloride

Prednisolone

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A patient with myocardium infarction was admitted to the cardiological department. In order to relieve his pain it was decided to potentiate action of fentanyl by a certain neuroleptic. What is the most suitable neuroleptic for neuroleptanalgesia?

Aminazine

Triftazine

Haloperidol

Droperidol

Sulpiride

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During examination of a child’s oral cavity a pediatrician established presence of inferior medial incisors. The child’s development is normal. How old is the child?

13-14 months

8-9 months

10-12 months

-

6-7 months

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A 23 year old man got perforation of hard palate. There was also a solid well-defined formation. Post-operative microscopical examination of this formation revealed a large focus of caseous necrosis surrounded by granulation tissue with endovasculitis and cellular infiltrate consisting mainly of plasmocytes but also of lymphocytes and epithelioid cells. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Sarcoma

Scleroma

Syphilis

Lepra

Tuberculosis

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A young woman has entered a production unit where strongly smelled of paints and varnishes and had bronchospasm. This reflex was provoked by irritation of the following receptors:

Pleural receptors

Juxtaglomerular

Central chemoreceptors

Peripheral chemoreceptors

Irritant

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A histological specimen presents an organ that has both cortical and medullary substance. Cortical substance consists of an external zone that contains lymph nodules as well as of a paracortical zone. Medullary substance contains medullary cords, sinuses and trabecules. What organ possesses these morphological signs?

Spleen

Lymph node

Kidney

Thymus

Adrenal glands

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A ventral root of spinal cord was damaged as a result of a trauma. The following processes of the following neurons were damaged:

Dendrites of motor neurons

Axons of sensory neurons

Dendrites of sensory neurons

Dendrites of internuncial neurons

Axons of motor neurons

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A 7 year old child has angina. A smear from the tonsil surface was inoculated on blood agar. 24 hours later there had grown colonies of streptococci. Nutrient medium turned transparent around them. This study revealed presence of the following pathogenous factor:

Beta-lactamase

Endotoxin

Hemolysin

Leukocidin

Neuraminidase

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Hurtnup’s disease is caused by point mutation of only one gene. This results in abnormal absorption of tryptophane in the intestine as well as its abnormal reabsorption in renal tubules. This causes synchronous disorders in digestive and urinary excretion systems. What genetic phenomenon is observed in this case?

Complementary interaction

Codominance

Polymery

Pleiotropy

Semidominance

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A patient with Itsenko-Cushing syndrome has persistent hyperglycemia and glycosuria, hypertension, osteoporosis, obesity. Increased synthesis and hypersecretion of the following hormone will be observed in this case:

Thyroxin

Cortisol

Adrenaline

Aldosterone

Glucagon

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A patient was delivered to the admission ward with poisoning with an insecticide of anticholinesterase action. What drug able to block muscarinic choli-noreceptors should be prescribed?

Pilocarpine hydrochloride

Atropine sulfate

Mesatonum

Dithylinum

Benzohexonium

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A 15 year old girl was delivered to the hospital with inflammation of vermiform appendix. Blood analysis revealed signs of anaemia. Her feces contained lemon-shaped helminthic eggs (50x30 micrometer) with 'plugs' on the poles. What type of helminth is it?

Hookworm

Hymenolepis nana

Trichuris

Pinworm

Echinococcus

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Prophylactic medical examination of a 7 year old boy revealed that the boy had Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (only boys can be affected). His parents are healthy but his grandfather by his mother’s side has the same diagnosis. What is the type of disease inheritance?

Dominant, sex-linked

Autosomally recessive

Semidominance

Autosomally dominant

Recessive, sex-linked

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Endoscopic examination of duodenum revealed a tumour of the major papilla. This pathological formation is localized in the following part of duodenum:

Horizontal part

Superior part

Superior flexure

Ascending part

Descending part

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Autopsy revealed that the upper lobe of the right lung was enlarged, grey, airless; surface of incision was dripping with turbid liquid; pleura had a lot of fibrinous plicae. Microscopical examination of alveoles revealed exudate containing neutrophils, desquamated alveolocytes and fibrin fibres. Bronchus wall was intact. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Croupous pneumonia

Focal pneumonia

Pulmonary abscess

Influenzal pneumonia

Interstitial pneumonia

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Examination of mountain climbers who have spent a long time in a high-altitude region revealed increase of erythrocyte number (over 6 • 1012/l) and haemoglobin concentration ( over 170 g/l). What mechanism caused this phenomenon?

Intensified production of erythropoietin by the kidneys

Weakening of intracellular erythrocyte haemolysis

Intensified processes of anoxic energy production

Weakening of erythrocyte haemolysis in bloodstream

Improved ability of tissue for oxygen utilization

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A 60 year old patient complains of tongue burning, excessive salivation and glossalgia effects that came 5 days after he started using a metal dental bridge. Objectively: mucous membrane of oral cavity is edematic and hyperemic. What form of stomatitis is it?

Fibrinous

Ulcerous

Gangrenous

Purulent

Catarrhal

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A patient underwent extraction of a tooth with oval crown and two tubercles on its masticatory surface. Its root is strongly flattened in mesiodistal direction, its apex is bifurcated. What tooth was extracted?

Second superior premolar

Second inferior premolar

Canine

First inferior premolar

First superior premolar

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Analysis of a dentist’s urine obtained at the end of his working day revealed protein concentration at the rate of 0,7 g/l. His morning urine hadn’t such changes. What is this phenomenon called?

Extrarenal proteinuria

Organic proteinuria

Hematuria

Nonselective proteinuria

Functional proteinuria

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As a result of a trauma a patient has got disfunction of lachrymal gland. What nerve is responsible for its secretion?

N. auricularis magnus

N. occipitalis minor

N. petrosus major

N. petrosus minor

Chorda tympany

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Pathological material taken from a patient suffering from pulpitis was inoculated onto KittTarozzi cultural medium. It is planned to find the following microorganisms:

Aerobic

Haemolytic

Acid-resistant

Acidophilic

Anaerobic

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The 16th tooth of a patient is missing. X-ray picture shows in the depth of alveolar process rarefaction of bone and a well-defined cavity that contained the underdeveloped tooth crown. Microscopical examination revealed that the cavity wall was lined with stratified squamous epithelium and enclosed within a fibrous capsule. Make a diagnosis:

Radicular gnathic cyst

Cyst of the incisive canal

Cystic ameloblastoma of jaw

Follicular gnathic cyst

Primordial gnathic cyst

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A 52 year old patient suffering from cancer of the lower jaw underwent a course of radiation therapy. The tumour has remitted. Which mechanism of cell destruction ensures efficiency of radiation therapy most of all?

Lysis by natural killer cells

Hyperthermia

Mutagenesis

Vessel thrombosis

Generation of free radicals

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A histological specimen presents a developed tooth that has a coating resistant to acids, but it can be found only on the lateral surfaces of the tooth. What coating is meant?

Enamel pellicle

Cement

Cuticle

Dentine

Enamel

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A sensory nerve ganglion consists of roundish neurocytes with one process that divides into axon and dendrite at a certain distance from perikaryon. What are such cells called?

Multipolar

Bipolar

Pseudounipolar

Apolar

Unipolar

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Roentgenological examination of a patient revealed a cyst enclosing a tooth in its cavity in the area of the premolar. Microscopical examination revealed that the cyst wall consisted of connective tissue and was lined with multilayer squamous epithelium. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Follicular cyst

Epulis

Eosinophilic granuloma

Primordial cyst

Radicular cyst

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A patient consulted a dentist about itching and burning in the oral cavity; high temperature. The patient was diagnosed with trichomonal gingivostomatitis. What drug should be chosen for his treatment?

Nystatin

Metronidazole

Gentamicin sulfate

Doxycycline hydrochloride

Ampicillin

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A patient with a tumour in the area of superior tubercles of quadrigeminal plate has lost pupillary reflex. This is most probably caused by dysfunction of the following nucleus of cranial nerves:

Motor nucleus of abducent nerve

Motor nucleus of accessory nerve

Motor nucleus of trochlear nerve

Accessory nucleus of oculomotor nerve

Motor nucleus of oculomotor nerve

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What preventive medications should be injected to a patient with open maxillofacial trauma provided that he has never got prophylactic vaccination before?

Anticonvulsive drugs and anatoxin

Antitetanus immunoglobulin and anatoxin

Tetanus anatoxin and antibiotics

Diphtheria, tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine and antibiotics

Antitetanus serum and antibiotics

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Microscopic examination of periodontium revealed plethoric vessels, edema of connective tissue along with infiltration by single neutrophils. What type of exudative inflammation in the periodontium is it?

Fibrinous

Serous

Catarrhal

Putrid

Purulent

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Histological study of an extirpated pulp revealed some cylindrical cells in its peripheral layer. What are these cells called?

Ameloblasts

Monocytes

Odontoblasts

Fibroblasts

Myofibroblasts

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During examination of a patient a dentist revealed carious cavities on the front teeth that don’t have accessory antagonists. What teeth are meant?

Superior lateral incisors

Superior canines

Inferior lateral incisors

Inferior medial incisors

Superior medial incisors

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