Step 1 - Stomatology 2008

Examination of a man revealed a protozoan disease that affected brain and caused vision loss. Blood analysis revealed unicellular half-moon-shaped organisms with pointed end. The causative agent of this disease is:

Toxoplasma

Amoeba

Trichmonad

Leishmania

Lamblia

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A married couple applied to the genetic consultation in order to consult about their child with multiple abnormalities (microcephaly, idiocy etc). The woman has had an illnesses during her pregnancy but she didn’t take any teratogens or mutagens. The parents’ and the child’s karyotype is normal. Anamnesis study revealed that the family kept a cat. What gravidic disease caused the child’s abnormalities?

Dysentery

Trichomoniasis

Toxoplasmosis

Leishmaniasis

Balantidiasis

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A patient has mental retardation, small height, brachydactyly, mongoloid slant. Analysys of his karyotype revealed trisomy 21. What chromosomal anomaly is it?

Specific fetopathy

Down’s disease

Trisomy X

Turner’s syndrome

Klinefelter’s syndrome

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A female patient has symptoms of inflammation of urogenital tracts. A smear from the vaginal mucous membrane contained big unicellular pyriform organisms with a sharp spike on the back end of their bodies; big nucleus and undulating membrane. What protozoa were revealed in the smear?

Lamblia intestinalis

Trichomonas buccalis

Trypanosoma gambiense

Trichomonas vaginalis

Trichomonas hominis

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Analysis of an electron diffraction pattern of a cell revealed mitochondrion destruction. This might result in abnormal course of the following cell process:

Oxidation of organic substances

Cleavage

Nuclear division

Crossingover

-

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Formation of ribosome subunits in a cell was disturbed in course of an experiment (by means of activated mutagenic factors). This will have an effect on the following metabolic process:

ATP synthesis

Carbohydrate biosynthesis

Protein biosynthesis

Photosynthesis

Biological oxidation

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Among public catering workers examined by doctors of sanitary-and-epidemiologic station often occur asymptomatic parasite carriers. This means that a healthy person carries cysts that infect other people. Such parasitizing is impossible for the following causative agent:

Dermatotropic leishmania

Intestinal trichomonad

Viscerotropic leishmania

Malarial plasmodium

Dysenteric amoeba

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It is known that information about sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule is encoded as a sequence of four types of nucleotides in a DNA molecule, and different amino acids are encoded by different number of triplets - from one to six. Such peculiarity of the genetic code is called:

Triplety

Universality

Specificity

Degeneracy

Nonoverlapping

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A patient suffering from caries of the left inferior premolar has got a swelling on his neck above the hyoid bone. There appeared fever, salivary discharge, contraction of masticatory muscles, difficult mouth opening. The patient was diagnosed with phlegmon of mouth floor. What muscles will be involved in the process?

Hyoglossal and styloglossal

Thyrohyoid and sternohyoid

Platysma and stylohyoid

Digastric and stylohyoid

Mylohyoid and geniohyoid

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Vagosympathetic Vishnevsky’s block involves introduction of novocaine along the posterior edge of sternocleidomastoid muscle above its intersection with exterior jugular vein. The block is performed within the following triangle of neck:

Omoclavicular

Carotid

Pirogoff’s

Submandibular

Omotrapezoid

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During approach to the thyroid gland by means of transverse section suprasternal cellular tissue space should be opened. It will be dangerous to damage the following anatomic formation located within this space:

Internal jugular vein

Venous jugular arch

Subclavicular artery

Carotid artery

Lymph nodes

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A female patient with pyelonephritis was admitted to the urological department. Examination revealed an associated infection accompanied by pyelovenous reflux. This complication was induced by affection of the following structure:

Excretory renal tracts

Fornical renal apparatus

Renal tubules

Renal corpuscle

Straight tubules

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A 27 year old patient consulted a doctor about a solid tumour in front of the antilobium. During removal of this tumour a dental surgeon revealed a vein. What vein is localized in this area?

V jugularis externa

V jugularis interna

V facialis

V retromandibularis

V auricularis posterior

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A 24 year old patient consulted a doctor about pain below his lower jaw on the right. Dental surgeon revealed a concrement in the submandibular gland. During its removal he had to prevent bleeding out of the following artery:

A. lingualis

A. labialis inferior

A. facialis

A. alveolaris inferior

A. submentalis

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Study of a patient’s facial gesture revealed that he couldn’t whistle, round his lips; mouth corners didn’t rise during laughing, oral fissure stretched sidewards (transversal smile). These symptoms indicate the atrophy of the following muscle:

Orbicular muscle of mouth

Greater zygomatic muscle

Cervical muscle

Risorius muscle

Masticatory muscle

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A doctor examined a victim of a road accident and revealed damage of the exterior wall of eye socket. The patient has lost ability to abduct the eyeball on the affected side. What nerve might be damaged in this case?

N. ophthalmicus

N. trochlearis

N. infraorbitalis

N. abducens

N. oculomotorius

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After extraction of the II maxillary molar tooth the patient has got haemorrhage from the alveolar socket. The observed haemorrhage is from the system of the following artery:

Inferior alveolar

Facial

Mylohyoid

Maxillary

Ascending pharyngeal

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A basketball player complains of pain over his heel that is getting stronger during walking. It might be caused by damage of tendon of the following muscle:

m. fibularis longus

m. tibialis posterior

m. fibularis brevis

m. triceps surae

m. flexor digitorum longus

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A student has accidentally hit his elbow against the edge of the table and sensed burning and tingling on the interior surface of his forearm. What nerve was damaged in this case?

N. musculocutaneus

N. radialis

N. axillaris

N. ulnaris

N. medianus

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In process of the secretory cycle secretion granules come and go in the apical part of cytoplasm of pancreas cells. These granules relate to the following structure elements:

Exocytic vacuoles

Inclusions

Microfilaments

Lysosomes

Granular endoplasmic reticulum

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A 35 year old female patient diagnosed with infertility underwent diagnostic biopsy of endometrium. Microscopical examination revealed that its mucous membrane was edematic, uterine glands were convoluted and filled with thick secretion. Such changes of endometrium are caused by excess of the following hormone:

ACTH

Testosterone

Estrogen

Somatotropin

Progesterone

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Influence of unfavourable factors upon the organism causes change of thymus accompanied by mass loss of thymocytes, their displacement to the peripheral organs, proliferation of epithelioreticulocytes. What phenomenon is it?

Accidental thymus involution

Age thymus involution

Thymus hypotrophy

Thymus atrophy

Thymus dystrophy

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Examination of a patient revealed abnormal development of enamel. This is caused by damage of the following structural elements of dental germ:

Internal enamel epithelium of enamel organ

Pulp of enamel organ

Intermediate layer of enamel organ

External enamel epithelium of enamel organ

Cervix of enamel organ

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A histological specimen of an oral cavity organ demonstrates that the organ’s anterior surface is lined with multilayer squamous nonkeratinous epithelium, and its posterior surface - with multiserial ciliated epithelium. What organ is it?

Lip

Hard palate

Gingiva

Soft palate

Cheek

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Examination of uterine cavity revealed an embryonated ovum that wasn’t attached to the endometrium. The embryo is at the following stage of development:

Morula

Blastocyst

Neurula

Zygote

Gastrula

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A mountain climber spent a long time in the mountains. Erythrocyte number has risen from 5,0 • 1012/l up to 6,0 • 1012/l. What factor stimulated erythropoiesis?

Increase of O2 in the arterial blood

Decrease of O2 in the arterial blood

Increase of O2 in the venous blood

Increase of O2 in the cells

Decrease of O2 in the venous blood

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What factor may cause increase of power inputs of human organism by 100%?

Consumption of fatty food

Drop of external temperature

Consumption of carbohydrate food

Consumption of protein food

Rise of external temperature

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A 40 year old European works in a Southeast Asian country. He complains that it is hard to bear high temperature under conditions of high relative humidity. The reason for it is difficult heat emission by way of:

Convection

Convection and heat conduction

Heat conduction

Radiation

Evaporation

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Examination of a patient who has recently had a hepatic disease revealed low concentration of prothrombin in blood. First of all this will cause disturbance of:

Fibrinolysis

First phase of coagulation haemostasis

Anticoagulative blood properties

Vasculothrombocytic haemostasis

Second phase of coagulation haemostasis

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Researchers studied speed of excitement conduction in different areas of an isolated heart. Which area demonstrated the lowest speed?

Ventricular myocardium

Atrial myocardium

His’ bundle

Atrioventricular node

Purkinje’s fibers

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A patient who takes blocker of membrane cytoreceptors of efferent conductor synapses of autonomic nervous system complains about dry mouth. What receptors are blocked?

Muscarinic cholinoreceptors

Nicotinic cholinoreceptors

3- adrenoreceptors

H2 -receptors

^-adrenoreceptors

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A student has dry mouth during an exam. This is caused by realization of the following reflexes:

Conditioned sympathetic

Unconditioned parasympathetic

Unconditioned sympathetic and parasympathetic

Conditioned parasympathetic

Conditioned and unconditioned sympathetic

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A child has abnormal formation of tooth enamel and dentin as a result of low concentration of calcium ions in blood. Such abnormalities might be caused by deficiency of the following hormone:

Parathormone

Thyrocalcitonin

Somatotropic hormone

Triiodothyronine

Thyroxin

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ECG of a patient showed that RR interval equaled 1,5 s, heart rate equaled 40 bpm. What is cardiac pacemaker?

Right branch of His’ bundle

Sinus node

Left branch of His’ bundle

His’ bundle

Atrioventricular node

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A patient has hyperkaliemia and hyponatremia. Such changes might be caused by hyposecretion of the following hormone:

Natriuretic

Parathormone

Vasopressin

Cortisol

Aldosterone

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Tissue is being stimulated by electric cathodic impulse with amplitude of 70% of threshold. What changes of membrane potential will be observed?

Partial depolarization

Hyperpolarization

-

No changes

Action potential

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Analysis of a patient’s saliva revealed high concentration of lactate. This is most probably caused by activation of the following process:

Aerobic glucose breakdown

Carbohydrate hydrolysis

Anaerobic glucose breakdown

Glucose-lactate cycle

Glycogen breakdown

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A patient diagnosed with malignant carcinoid has extremely high concentration of serotonin in blood. This biogenic amine can be formed from the following amino acid:

Threonine

Tryptophan

Leucine

Methionine

Alanine

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As a result of improper feeding an infant got full-blown diarrhea. One of its main consequences is excretion of large amount of sodium bicarbonate. What form of acid-base balance disturbance is it?

Respiratory acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory alkalosis

Acid-base balance won’t be disturbed

Excretory acidosis

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A patient suffering from chronic renal insufficiency has got osteoporosis. Osteoporosis was caused by abnormal synthesis of the following regulator of mineral metabolism in kidneys:

Cortisol hydroxylation

Glutamate carboxylation

1, 25(OH)2 D3 formation

Proline hydroxylation

Lysine hydroxylation

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Parodontosis is treated by means of antioxidants. Which of the following natural compounds is used as an antioxidant:

Choline

Pyridoxine

Thiamine

Gluconate

Tocopherol

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A patient has high sunlight sensitivity of skin. During standing his urine turns dark-brown. What is the most probable cause of this condition?

Porphyria

Haemolytic jaundice

Alkaptonuria

Pellagra

Albinism

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Periodontitis is accompanied by activation of proteolysis in the periodontium tissues. The evidence of proteolysis activation is increase of the following component of oral liquid:

Glucose

Cholesterol

Amino acids

Biogenic amines

Organic acids

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A patient has been diagnosed with alkaptonuria. This pathology is caused by deficiency of the following enzyme:

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

DOPA decarboxylase

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Glutamate dehydrogenase

Oxidase of homogentisic acid

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An experimental rat got intraabdominal injection of 10 ml of 40% glucose solution. 60 minutes later the rat passed into a comatose state as a result of dehydratation. What is the mechanism of development of this state?

Rise of osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid

Acid-base disbalance

Loss of salts and water

Reduction of vasopressin secretion

Rise of oncotic pressure of extracellular fluid

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A 62 year old patient with cerebral haemorrhage was admitted to the neurological department in grave condition. Objectively: increase of respiration depth and rate with its following reduction to apnoea, thereafter respiration cycle restores. What respiration type is it?

Kussmaul’s

Cheyne-Stokes

Apneustic

Gasping

Biot’s

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Patients suffering from relapsing typhus have fever that can be characterized by several days of high temperature alternating with periods of normal temperature. Such temperature curve is called:

Febris intermittens

Febris hectica

Febris atypica

Febris recurrens

Febris continua

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Poisoning with corrosive sublimate caused acute renal insufficiency. Its progress included four stages: 1) initial, 2) oligoanuria, 4) recovery. Name the third stage of acute renal insufficiency:

Polyuric

Ischemic

Pathochemical

Metabolic

Hemodynamic

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A 48 year old male patient was admitted to the hospital with acute attack of chronic glomerulonephritis. Examination revealed chronic renal failure. What is the cause of hyperazotemia by chronic renal failure?

Reduction of tubular reabsorption

Reduction of glomerular filtration

Disorder of protein metabolism

Disorder of water-electrolytic metabolism

Reduction of tubular excreation

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Examination of experimental rats that have been getting only carbohydrate feed for a long time revealed accumulation of water in tissues. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of edema development?

Hypooncotic

Membranogenic

Dysregulatory

Hyperosmolar

Lymphogenous

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Examination of a patient 24 hours after appendectomy revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis with regenerative shift. What is the most probable mechanism of development of absolute leukocytosis in peripheral blood?

Immunity activation

Slower emigration of leukocytes to the tissues

Redistribution ofleukocytes in the organism

Reduction of leukolysis

Intensification of leukopoiesis

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A patient suffering from chronic myeloleukemia has got the following symptoms of anemia: decreased number of erythrocytes and low haemoglobin concentration, oxyphilic and polychromatophilic normocytes, microcytes. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of anemia development?

Deficiency of vitamin B12

Substitution of haemoblast

Reduced synthesis of erythropoietin

Chronic haemorrhage

Intravascular hemolysis of erythrocytes

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Autopsy of a dead patient revealed that pia mater was dull, there were greenish-yellow overlays covering almost all convexital surface of cerebral hemispheres. Histological examination revealed extreme hyperemia of maters along with diffuse leukocytic infiltration. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Measles

Tuberculosis

Meningococcal infection

Influenza

Anthrax

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Examination of puncture biopsy material of liver revealed dystrophy of hepatocytes, their necrosis and sclerosis along with disturbance of beam and lobulous structure and formation of pseudolobules of regeneration nodes. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Chronic hepatosis

Liver cirrhosis

Acute hepatitis

Progressing massive liver necrosis

Chronic hepatitis

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A 6 year old child was delivered to the hospital because of measles pneumonia. On the mucous membrane of a cheek a dentist revealed an ill-defined greish area 2x2,5 cm large. Soft tissues are edematic and foul-smelling. The most probable diagnosis of the dentist should be:

Gangrenous stomatitis

Pustular stomatitis

Noma

Phlegmonous stomatitis

Ulcerous stomatitis

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A patient has deformation of jaw bones. Histological examination revealed there growth of fibrocellular tumourlike ill-defined tissue with primitive osteogenesis. What disease are these presentations typical for?

Parathyroid osteodystrophy

Fibrous dysplasia

Osteosarcoma

Eosinophilic granuloma

Ameloblastoma

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A 55 year old man had been suffering from chronic glomerulonephritis. He died from chronic renal failure. Macroscopi-cal examination revealed on the surface of epicardium and pericardium some greyish-white villous depositions. After their removal dilated and plethoric vessels were uncovered. What process took place in the pericardium?

Fibrinous inflammation

Organization

Proliferative inflammation

Arterial hyperemia

Haemorrhagic inflammation

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Autopsy of a 68 year old man who died from chronic cardiac insufficiency revealed deformed, thickened, conjoined cusps of mitral valve. Along the edge of joining there were small (1-2 mm) thrombs. What form of endocarditis caused development of chronic cardiac insufficiency?

Polypoulcerous

Acute verrucous

Fibroplastic

Diffuse

Recurrent verrucous

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A 42 year old patient who had been suffering from chronic granulomatous periodontitis and chronic purulent osteomyelitis of his lower jaw for 8 years died from chronic renal insufficiency. What complication of purulent osteomyelitis has developed in kidneys?

Amyloidosis

Adipose degeneration

Atrophy

Hyalinosis

Necrosis of epithelium of convoluted tubules

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A 5 year old child has the following symptoms: body temperature up to 40oC, acute headache, vomiting, anxiety, shiver. 4 days later there appeared hemorrhagic skin rash, oliguria and adrenal insufficiency that caused death. Bacteriological examination of pharyngeal smears revealed meningococcus. What form of meningococcal infection was it?

Meningococcal nasopharyngitis

-

Meningococcal meningitis

Meningoencephalitis

Meningococcemia

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A 75 year old male patient consulted a surgeon about a brown nonhealing ulcer of shin. Examination of biopsy material revealed diffuse growth of polymorphic atypic cells with brown pigment in their cytoplasm. Pearls reaction was negative. There were also a lot of pathological mitoses and foci of tissue necrosis. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Intradermal nevus

Melanoma

Local hemosiderosis

Trophic ulcer

Skin cancer

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Autopsy of a man who had been suffering from hypertension revealed in his brain a cavity with rubiginous walls. What event preceded development of these changes?

Plasmorrhagias

Diapedetic haemorrhages

Haematoma

Abscess

Ischemic infarction

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Medical examination of the first-year pupils included Mantoux test. 15 pupils out of 35 had negative reaction. What actions should be taken against children with negative reaction?

Examination of blood serum

Repeat Mantoux test

Antitoxin vaccination

Rabies vaccination

BCG vaccination

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On a certain territory mass death of rodents was registered. It was suspected that their death might have been caused by plague. What serological reaction should be applied for quick identification of antigen of the causative agent of this epizooty?

Complement binding

Neutralization

Precipitation

Passive hemagglutination

Agglutination

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A 10 year old child underwent Mantoux test (with tuberculin). 48 hours later there apperaed a papule up to 8 mm in diameter on the site of tuberculin injection. Tuberculin injection caused the following hypersensitivity reaction:

Seroreaction

Arthus reaction

Atopic reaction

IV type hypersensitivity reaction

II type hypersensitivity reaction

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A 58 year old female patient had to be prepared to cholecystectomy. Complex of premedication drugs included benzohexonium. What is the function of this drug in anaesthesia?

Relaxation of smooth muscles

Functional block of visceral reflexes

Intensification of retrograde amnesia

Reduction of excitement phase

Relaxation of skeletal muscles

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A patient had an attack of bronchial asthma in the dentist’s office. The attack was arrested by salbutamol. This drug relates to the following group of therapeutic agents:

Sympatholytics

a-adrenomimetics

/32-adrenomimetics

a-3-adrenomimetics

3 i-32-adrenomimetics

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A patient with acute duodenal ulcer was admitted to the hospital. Analysis of gastric juice revealed hyperfunction of secretion and acid-forming in stomach. Choose a drug that can reduce secretory function of stomach due to inhibition of H2-receptors:

Extract of dry belladonna

Methacin

Ranitidine

Atropine

Platyphyllin

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A patient was administered clonidi-ne to be taken parenterally in case of abrupt rise of arterial pressure. What is its mechanism of action?

Block of nicotinic cholinoreceptors of ganglia

Stimulation of central a2- adrenoreceptors

Block of a1- and a2-adrenoreceptors

Block of a 1 -adrenoreceptors

Stimulation of central imidazole1-receptors

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A patient was prescribed a drug with apparent lipophilic properties. What is the main mechanism of its absorption?

Filtration

Active transport

Passive diffusion

Pinocytosis

Binding with transport proteins

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A patient noticed symptoms of approaching attack of bronchial asthma and took several tablets one by one at short intervals out of the doctor’s control. Short-term improvement of his condition came only after taking the first two tablets. Next intakes of a drug didn’t improve his condition. Reduction of the drug effectiveness was caused by:

Idiosyncrasy

Addiction

Dependence

Cumulation

Tachyphylaxis

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A patient with streptococcal infection of gums was prescribed a drug that contained betalactam ring in its structure. Whi- ch drug relates to this group?

Benzylpenicillin

Chloramphenicol

Streptomycin sulfate

Erythromycin

Rifampicin

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It was necessary to determine absolute gustation thresholds of a healthy man for different substances. The lowest threshold will be observed for the following substance:

Citric acid

Sodium chloride

Saccharose

Glucose

Quinine

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A patient with neck injury was admitted to the hospital. Examination revealed a damaged nerve located anteriad to the frontal scalene. What nerve is damaged?

Cervical part of sympathetic trunk

Sublingual

Phrenic

Glossopharyngeal

Vagus

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A 38 year old patient takes aspirin and sulfanilamides. After their intake intensified erythrocyte haemolysis is observed which is caused by deficiency of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. This pathology is caused by failure of the following coenzyme:

Ubiquinone

Pyridoxal phosphate

FMN - H2

FAD - H2

NADP - H

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After a road accident a driver has got deformity in the midle third of his left shin and intense pain, especially when he tries to move his left shin. The ends of a trihedral bone stick out of a wound, there is great blood loss. What bone might be damaged?

Femur

Patella

Fibula

Tibia

Astragalus

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A histological specimen presents the tissue that contains cells having no processes and a few tens of nuclei each. One of cell surfaces has a corrugated zone that provides secretion of hydrolytic elements. What tissue is it?

Osseous tissue

Cartilaginous tissue

Epithelial tissue

Nerve tissue

Muscular tissue

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Potassium cyanide that is a poison came into a patient’s organism and caused death a few minutes after it. The most probable cause of its toxic effect was abnormal activity of:

Cytochrome oxidase

Catalase

Haemoglobin synthesis

NADP — H-dehydrogenase

ATP-synthetase

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Abnormal chromosome disjunction during meiosis resulted in formation of: an ovum with 22 autosomes and polar body with 24 chromosomes. If such an ovum would be fertilized with a normal spermatozoon (22 + X) the child might have the following syndrome:

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Trisomy X

Down’s syndrome

Turner’s syndrome

Edwards’ syndrome

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A patient underwent Caesarean section. During the operation a long incision was made in the uterus wall and the fetus was extracted from uterus. Healing of the sutured myometrium will proceed in the following way:

Hypertrophy of smooth myocytes

Formation of smooth muscular tissue

Formation of cross-striated muscle fibers

Formation of a fibrous cicatrix

Proliferation of myosatellitocytes

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Rheography of an 18 year old student during exercise showed redistribution of blood flow between organs. The peak blood flow will be observed in the following vessels:

Gastrointestinal tract

Cerebrum

Kidneys

Skeletal muscles

Liver

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Microscopical examination of exudate obtained from a rat with aseptic peritoni- tis and mixed with bird’s erythrocytes revealed macrophages surrounded by foreign erythrocytes. What stage of phagocytosis is it?

Immersion

Approaching

Intracellular digestion

Adherence

Uncomplete phagocytosis

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On the 2nd day after myocardium infarction the patient’s systolic arterial pressure abruptly dropped down to 60 mm Hg. This was accompanied by tachycardia up to 140 bpm, dyspnea, loss of consciousness. What is the leading mechanism in the pathogenesis of this shock?

Decrease of stroke volume

Intoxication by the products of necrotic degeneration

Anaphylactic reaction to myocardial proteins

Decrease of circulating blood volume

Paroxysmal tachycardia

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A 35 year old patient complains about permanent thirst, poor appetite. He drinks 9 l water per day. Daily diuresis is increased, urine is colourless, its relative density is 1,005. The most probable cause of this pathology development is damege of:

Epiphysis

Hypothalamic nuclei

Basal membrane of glomerular capillaries

Adenohypophysis

Epithelium of renal tubuli

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A patient with disfunction of external respiration has to undergo tracheotomy. The isthmus of thyroid gland is commonly situated on a level with the following tracheal rings:

V-VI

III-IV

II- IV

I-II

IV-V

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Active physical work induces rise of concentration of carbonic acid in blood. This causes deepening and acceleration of respiration thus reducing concentration of carbonic acid and hydrogen ions in blood. This maintains the following process:

Orthobiosis

Anabiosis

Homeostasis

Immunity

Ontogenesis

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Pathological process of purulent barotitis involves an artery on the anterior wall of tympanic cavity. What artery is it? A.

A. auricularis posterior

A. meningea media

A. temporalis superficialis

A. carotis externa

carotis interna

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A 34 year old male patient cosulted a doctor about face carbuncle. Objectively: a loose, painless edema of hypodermic tissue; black crust in the centre of carbuncle, vesicular rash around it. Microbiological examination revealed static streptobacilli capable of capsule building. What microorganisms are the causative agents of this disease?

Bacillus anthracoides

Bacillus megaterium

Bacillus antracis

Bacillus subtilis

Staptylococcus aureus

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A 38 year old patient complained that after acute respiratory viral disease she had lost sensation of food contact with the front 2/3 of her tongue as well as pain and temperature sensation (burned her tongue with hot tea). Which nerve and which branch of it was damaged?

Tympanichord of facial nerve

Lingual nerve of mandibular branch of trigeminus

Lingual branches of glossopharyngeal nerve

Superior laryngeal nerve of vagus

Lingual nerves of sublingual nerve

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Microscopical examination of coronary artery of a 53 year old dead man revealed luminal narrowing of the vessel because of fibrous plaque mixed with lipides. The most probable form of atherosclerosis is:

Ulceration

-

Lipoidosis

Liposclerosis

Atheromatosis

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A blood sample of a pregnant woman was typed. Erythrocyte-agglutination reaction was present with standard sera 0a, P(I), Ba(III), reaction was absent with the serum Ap(II). The blood under examination relates to the following group:

-

AB(IV)

Ba(III)

Ap(II)

0 a, p(I )

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A female patient suffering from acute bronchitis complains about respiratory obstruction and cough with thick viscous sputum. She was prescribed a mucolytic agent that stimulates surfactant synthesis. What mucolytic agent was prescribed?

Glaucin

Theophylline

Ambroxolum

Morphine hydrochloride

Sodium hydrocarbonate

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Coprological examination of a patient’s feces revealed small operculate eggs. It is known from the anamnesis that the patient often consumes fish. What fluke parasitizes in the patient’s organism?

Cat liver fluke

Lung fluke

Liver fluke

Lancet fluke

Blood fluke

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Clinical examination of a female patient revealed reduction of basal metabolism by 40%, gain in body mass, drop of body temperature, face puffiness, sexual disfunctions, inertness and apathy, lowered intelligence. These symptoms are caused by disfunction of the following endocrine gland:

Hypofunction of parathyroid glands

Hypophysis hyperfunction

Hyperfunction of thyroid gland

Hypofunction of thyroid gland

Epiphysis hypofunction

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During a neuro-surgical operation the occipital areas of cerebral cortex are stimulated. What sensations will the patient have?

Olfactory

Tactile

Gustatory

Auditory

Visual

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Microscopic study of an endocrine gland revealed that its parenchyma consisted of follicular structures. Their wall was formed by monolayer cubic epithelium, and their cavity was filled up with oxyphilic substance. What hormon is secreted by this gland?

Oxytocin

Parathyrin

Aldosterone

Thyroxin

Cortisol

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During starvation normal rate of glucose is maintained by means of activation of gluconeogenesis. What substance can be used as a substrate for this process?

Urea

Guanine

Adenine

Alanine

Ammonia

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What chnges will be observed in an isolated heart after introduction of adrenaline into the perfusion solution?

Increase of heart rate and force

Increase of heart rate

Diastolic arrest

Increase of heart force

Decrease of heart force

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A sportsman needs to improve his sporting results. He was recommended a drug containing carnitine. What process is activated by this compound in the first place?

Transport of glucose

Transport of calcium ions

Transport of vitamin K

Transport of fatty acids

Transport of amino acids

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A patient consulted a doctor about acute pain in the right subcostal area. During examination the doctor noticed yellowed sclera of the patient. Laboratory analyses revealed high activity of alanine-aminotransferase and negative reaction to stercobilin in feces. What disease are these symptoms typical for?

Cholelithiasis

Haemolytic jaundice

Chronic colitis

Hepatitis

Chronic gastritis

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A patient was admitted to a hospital with poisoning with unsound food. His stomach was lavaged with solution of potassium permanganate. What is its mechanism of action?

Disturbance of synthesis of respiratory chain enzymes

Release of chlorine

Release of iodine

Destruction of bacteria membranes

Release of atomic oxygen

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A patient complained about ear noise and pain sensations. Objectively: the patient has acute respiratory disease, rhinitis. The infection penetrated into the tympanic cavity through the following opening of the pharynx:

Pharyngeal opening of auditory tube

Choanae

Fauces

Tympanic opening of auditory tube

Aperture of larynx

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A 3 month old infant has got a white deposition on the mucous membrane of his mouth, tongue and lips. The doctor suspected candidosis. What nutrient medium should be used for inoculation of the material under examination in order to confirm this diagnosis?

Loewenstein-Jensen

Clauberg

Endo

Sabouraud

Roux

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Specific prophylaxis involved application of a vaccine containing microorganisms and exotoxin detoxicated by formalin. It relates to the following type of vaccine:

Genetically engineered

Chemical

Combined

Anatoxin

Live

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A 70 year old patient suffering from cardiac insufficiency has been uncontrolledly taking digoxin that resulted in extrasystole, vomiting, vision impairment, anxiety, sleep disturbance, reduction of diuresis. Application of drugs relating to the following group will be pathogenetically reasonable in this case:

Stimulants of pi-adrenoreceptors

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

Donators of nitrogen oxide

Donators of sulfhydric groups

Potassium channel blockers

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A patient suffering from hepatocerebral degeneration has low cncentration of ceruloplasmin in blood serum. What element accumulation will be observed in liver, cerebrum and kidneys of the patient?

Calcium

Sodium

Potassium

Ferrum

Cuprum

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Electron-microscope investigation of cortical substance of a kidney reveals some structures lined with prismatic epithelium that normally has brush border and deep plicae of plasmolemma in its basal part. There is a big number of mi-tochondrions between these plicae. These structures belong to the following part of a nephron:

Distal convoluted tubule

Henle’s loop

Distal straight tubule

Proximal tubule

Renal corpuscle

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Intralobular capillaries of a liver specimen have wide irregular lumen. Basal membrane is absent in the major part of the capillary. What type of capillaries is it?

Postcapillaries

Sinusoid

Precapillaries

Somatic

Visceral

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In order to speed up healing of the thermal injury it is required to prescribe a drug that facilitates epithelization of skin and mucous membranes. What drug is it?

Ergocalciferol

Ascorbic acid

Tocopherol acetate

Retinol acetate

Nicotinic acid

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A patient with ventricular arrhythmia was admitted to the cardiological department. What drug should be administered?

Drotaverine

Proserin

Amlodipine

Aminazine

Amiodarone

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After restoration of blood circulation in damaged tissue accumulation of lactate comes to a stop and speed of glucose consumption slows down. These metabolic changes are caused by activation of the following process:

Lipolysis

Glycogen biosynthesis

Gluconeogenesis

Anaerobic glycolysis

Aerobic glycolysis

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Researches of the latest decades established that immediate 'executors' of cell apoptosis are special enzymes called caspases. Generation of one of them proceeds with participation of cytochrome What is its function in a normal cell?

Enzyme of tricarboxylic acid cycle

Enzyme of respiratory chain of electron transport

Component of pyruvate-dehydrogenase system

Enzyme of beta-oxidation of fatty acids

Component of H + ATP system

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A patient with essential hypertension was admitted to the cardiological department. In order to lower arterial pressure a doctor prescribed a drug that blocks pi and ^-adrenoreceptors. What drug is it?

Celecoxib

Proserin

Prednisolone

Propranolol

Indometacin

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A patient with myocardium infarction was delivered to the resuscitation department. What drug should be injected to the patient for prophylaxis of pain shock?

Promedol

Analgin

Naloxone

Paracetamol

Celecoxib

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A patient with myocardium infarction was admitted to the resuscitation department. What drug should be injected to the patient in order to prevent thrombosis?

Dimedrol

Heparin

Chingamin

Thyroxine

Biseptol-480

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A 28 year old woman consulted a doctor about sterility. Examination revealed underdeveloped ovaries and uterus, irregular menstrual cycle. Study of sex chromatin revealed 2 Barr’s bodies in most somatic cells. What chromosome disease is the most probable in this case?

Triplo-X syndrome

Patau’s syndrome

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Turner’s syndrome

Edwards’ syndrome

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Treatment of many diseases involves use of cocarboxylase (thiamine pyrophosphate) for supplying cells with energy. What metabolic process is activated in this case?

Amino acids decarboxylation

Oxidizing decarboxylation of pyruvate

Decarboxylation of biogenic amines

Detoxication of harmful substances in liver

Glutamate deamination

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A patient with apparent icteri-tiousness of skin, sclera and mucous membranes was admitted to the hospital. The patient’s urine was of brown ale colour, analysis revealed presence of direct bilirubin. Feces had low concentration of bile pigments. What type of jaundice is it?

Conjugated

Haemolytic

Obturative

Parenchymatous

Absorbtion

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A patient suffers from chronic left-ventricular insufficiency. What drug should be prescribed?

Digoxin

Etimizol

Vinpocetine

Pyracetam

Bemegride

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Medical ambulance delivered a 2 year old girl to the children’s department. Objectively: the child is inert, apathetic. Liver is enlarged, study of biopsy material revealed glycogen excess. Blood glucose rate is below normal. The most probable cause of hypoglycemia is:

Low activity of glucose 1-phosphate uridine transferase

Low activity of glycogen phosphorylase

High activity of glucokinase

Low activity of glycogen synthase

Low activity of glucose 6-phosphatase

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A 22 year old woman has been taking sulfanilamides for a long time that led to symptoms of hemolytic anaemia caused by hereditary disturbance of synthesis of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. This enzyme of pentose-phosphate cycle is responsible for generation of:

FMN

NAD

ATP

FAD

NADP - H2

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A patient suffering from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was prescribed glibenclamid internally. What is the mechanism of its hypoglycemic action?

It inhibits gluconeogenesis in liver

It inhibits glucose absorption in the bowels

It intensifies utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues

It inhibits alpha glucosidase and polysaccharide breakdown

It stimulates generation of endogenous insulin by beta cells

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During the preventive examination of a miner a doctor revealed changes in cardiovascular fitness being evidence of cardiac insuffisiency at a stage of compensation. What is the main evidence of compensation of cardiac activity?

Dyspnea

Tachycardia

Cyanosis

Rise of arterial pressure

Myocardium hypertrophy

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A typical symptom of cholera is great loss of water and sodium ions. What mechanism underlies development of diarrhea in this case?

Activation of adenylate cyclase of enterocytes

Inhibition of vasopressin synthesis in hypothalamus

Increased secretion of renin by the cells of renal arterioles

Aldosterone oxidation in adrenal cortex

Increased corticotropin synthesis

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A newborn has signs of dyspepsia after milk feeding. Symptoms of dyspepsia disappear when milk is substituted for glucose solution. The newborn has low activity of the following enzyme:

Amylase

Isomaltase

Invertase

Lactase

Maltase

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A 35 year old man got a trauma that resulted in complete rupture of spinal cord at a level of the first cervical segment. What changes of respiration will be observed?

Respiration won’t change

Respiration will become diaphragmatic

Respiration will become infrequent and deep

Respiration will become frequent and shallow

Respiration will come to a standstill

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During an experiment the median part of an animal’s cochlea was damaged. This resulted in impaired perception of acoustic vibrations of the following frequency:

Low and medium

Low

High

Medium

High and medium

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A man got poisoned with mushrooms. They contain muscarine that stimulates muscarinic cholinoreceptors. What symptom is typical for poisoning with inedible mushrooms?

Mydriasis

Heart rate rise

Bronchi dilation

Miosis

Arterial pressure rise

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A patient suffering from syphilis was prescribed a drug the action of which based upon disturbed generation of murein leading to death of the causati- ve agent. What drug is it?

Doxycycline hydrochloride

Azithromycin

Bijochinol

Ciprofloxacin

Benzylpenicillin sodium salt

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A patient suffering from chronic bronchitis takes a synthetic mucolytic drug that stimulates sputum liquefaction. What drug is it?

Furosemide

Heparin

Diazepam

Acetylcysteine

Enalapril

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A microspecimen of parotid gland presents secretory acines with serous cells that synthesize mostly enzymes. According to the chemical composition classification, the parotid gland relates to the following glands:

-

Mucous

Serous

Seromucous

Enzymatic

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After mouth opening the mouth closed reflectory. What receptors initiate this reflex?

Mechanoreceptors of oral mucous membrane

Proprioceptors of elevator muscles of mandible

Periodontium receptors

Gustatory receptors

Proprioceptors of depressor muscles of mandible

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After continuous treatment with antibiotics a patient got symptoms of stomatitis. Examination of specimens of oral mucous membrane revealed some oval polymorphous Gram-positive microorganisms arranged in clusters. What microorganism may be the cause of such manifestations?

C.perfringens

C.pylori

S.pyogenes

S.aureus

C.albicans

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After mouth closing and teeth clenching the mouth opens reflectory. What receptots initiate this reflex?

Gustatory receptors

Proprioceptors of elevator muscles of lower jaw

Mechanoreceptors of oral mucous membrane

Receptors of periodontium

Proprioceptors of depressor muscles of lower jaw

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Examination of a female patient revealed low activity of lipoprotein lipase which hydrolyzes chylomicron triglycerides on the surface of endothelium of adipose tissue capillaries. What biochemical disorders should be expected?

Type I hyperlipoproteinemia

Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia

Type II B hyperlipoproteinemia

Type III hyperlipoproteinemia

Type II A hyperlipoproteinemia

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A child has physical and mental retardation, serious abnormalities in connective tissue of internal organs; urine contains keratan sulfates. This is caused by metabolic disorder of the following substance:

Hyaluronic acid

Elastin

Collagen

Fibronectin

Glycosaminoglycan

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A 40 year old female patient has enlarged thyroid gland. On palpation the gland is dense, its surface is slightly tuberous. Histological examination of gland sample revealed diffuse infiltration of tissue by the cells, formation of lymphoid follicles. What disease is it?

Diffuse toxic goiter

Riedel’s disease

Endemic goiter

Autoimmune thyroiditis

Sporadic goiter

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A 30 year old woman has been continuously using lipstick with a fluorescent substance that led to development of a limited erythema on the prolabium, slight peeling, and later small transversal sulci and fissures. Microscopical examination of the affected zone revealed in the connective tissue sensibilized lymphocytes and macrophages, effects of cytolysis. What type of immunological hypersensitivity has developed on the lip?

III type (immune complex cytotoxicity)

I type (reagin type)

II type (antibody cytotoxicity)

Granulomatosis

IV type (cellular cytotoxicity)

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A patient suffering from essential arterial hypertension got hypertensic crisis that caused an attack of cardiac asthma. What is the leading mechanism of cardiac insufficiency in this case?

Absolute coronary insufficiency

Cardiac overload due to increased resistance

Disturbed blood inflow to the heart

Cardiac overload due to increased blood volume

Myocardium damage

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A patient who has been taking a certain drug for a long time cannot discontinue the use of it because this causes psychic and somatic disfunctions. The syndrome occuring at refraining from the use of a drug is called:

Sensitization

Idiosyncrasy

Cumulation

Tachyphylaxis

Abstinence

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A 43 year old female patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints of pain in the right subcostal area, skin itch. Examination revealed hypalgesia and hematolysis, skin icteritiousness, bradycardia, hypotonia. What is the most probable cause of these symptoms?

Hepatocellular jaundice

Intensification of erythrocyte haemolysis

Diabetes mellitus

Parenchymatous jaundice

Cholemia

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A patient underwent partial removal of a structure of central nervous system by medical indications. This resulted in development of atony, astasia, intention tremor, ataxia, adiadochokinesis. What structure of CNS was partially removed?

Motor cortex

Amygdaloid complex

Hippocampus

Basal ganglions

Cerebellum

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Blood analysis of a patient suffering from jaundice revealed increase of total bilirubin by its indirect fraction. Urine and feces have intense colouring. What is the most probable mechanism of these abnormalities?

Impaired transformation of urobilinogen in the liver

Impaired generation of direct bilirubin

Obstruction of bile outflow from the liver

Damage of liver parenchyma

Increased haemolysis of erythrocytes

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What contraction of upper extremity muscles will be observed during holding (but not moving) a load in a certain position?

Excentric

Isometric

Auxotonic

Concentric

Isotonic

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A patient has roundish ulcers on his face, inflammation and enlargement of lymph nodes. These symptoms turned up as a result of mosquito bites. Laboratory examination of discharge from the ulcers revealed unicellular aflagellar organisms. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Toxoplasmosis

Scabies

Dermatotropic leishmaniasis

Trypanosomiasis

Myasis

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A patient has been suffering from diabetes mellitus for 5 years. As a result of not keeping to a diet the patient passed into a comatose state. Emergency doctor injected him glucose. The patient’s state got better. What is the most probable type of coma in this case?

Acidotic

Hepatic

Hypothyreoid

Hypoglycemic

Hyperglycemic

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A patient was admitted to the infectious diseases department. His skin was dry, with low turgor; he had rice-water stool. The patient was diagnosed with cholera. This disease is ordinarily accompanied by the folowing disorder of water-electrolytic balance:

Hyposmotic hyperhydration

Isoosmotic hypohydration

Hypoosmotic hypohydration

Hyperosmotic hyperhydration

Hyperosmotic hypohydration

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A specimen of connective tissue of derma was stained with Sudan III and hematoxylin. There are clusters of big polygonal cells that turned orange. Their nuclei are flattened and located on periphery. What tissue is it?

Reticular connective

White adipose

Lamellar osseous

Hyaline cartilaginous

Brown adipose

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For the purpose of anaesthetization a patient got injection of local anesthetic. A few minutes later the patient got dyspnea and tachycardia; he lost consciousness. What type of shock is it?

Haemorrhagic

Traumatic

Burn

Cardiogenic

Anaphylactic

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A new-born child has hyperemia, edema of the oral mucous membrane, small erosions with viscous mucopus. Smears from the mucopus contain a lot of leukocytes with Gram-negative diplococci. The same microorganisms can be found also beyond the leukocytes. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Staphylococcal stomatitis

Congenital syphilis

Blennorrhea

Toxoplasmosis

Gonococcal stomatitis

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Examination of a tissue sample of enlarged cervical lymph nodes taken from a young woman revealed proliferation of lymphocytes, reticular cells, macrophages, big and small Hodgkin’s cells, multinuclear Sternberg-Reed cells. There were also multiple eosinophils, single foci of caseous necrosis of the node tissue. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Tuberculosis

Lymphogranulomatosis

Metastasis of lung cancer

Acute leukosis

Lymphosarcoma

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Microscopical study of discharges from urethra of a patient suffering from acute urethritis revealed bean-shaped microorganisms up to 1 micrometer in diameter arranged in pairs and placed inside the leukocytes. What microorganisms are these?

Tetracocci

Gonococci

Meningococci

Streptococci

Staphylococci

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A patient with fracture of femoral bone in the area of surgical neck got symptoms of acute dextroventricular insufficiency as a result of pulmonary embolism. What type of embolism is it?

Fat

Gas

Metastatic

Tissue

Air

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A patient has dislocation of his mandible that caused impairment of salivation and gustatory sensitivity of anterior 2/3 of his tongue. What nerve was damaged?

Sublingual nerve

Lesser petrosal nerve

Tympanichord

Greater petrosal nerve

Deep petrosal nerve

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A 40 year old male patient died from cerebral edema. In anamnesis the face carbuncle was registered. Autopsy revealed hyperemia and edema of cerebral tissue. White matter of the left hemisphere had two cavities 6x5,5 and 5x4,5 cm large filled with yellowish-green cream-like fluid. Walls of the cavities were built up by nerve tissue with irregular rands. What complication of carbuncle was it?

Colliquative necroses

Empyema

Cysts

Acute abscesses

Chronic abscesses

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A dentist was examining oral cavity of a 9 year old child in the buccal surface of gingiva in the area of the lower canine he revealed a red, soft, node-like formation 1 cm in diameter that started immediately bleeding when touched. Microscopical examination revealed that this formation consisted of many small vessels like venules and capillaries separated by thin layers of connective tissue, with focal infiltration by lymphoid and plasmatic cells. Such changes are typical for:

Papilloma

Capillary hemangioma

Angiomatous epulis

Radicular granuloma

Fibrous epulis

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In the surgical department of a dental clinic cases of hospital-acquired staphylococcal infection were registered which was caused by strains with multiple drug resistance. Such feature can be identified by presence of:

R-plasmids

Exotoxins

Virulent bacteriophages

F-plasmids

Temperate bacteriophages

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Roentgenological examination of a patient revealed a deformity of the inferior wall of the right eye socket. What paranasal sinus was most probably damaged?

Left ethmoidal labyrinth

Right ethmoidal labyrinth

Frontal sinus

Right maxillary sinus

Sphenoidal sinus

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During examination a dentist revealed cervical caries of right inferior incisors as well as enlargement of a certain group of lymph nodes. What lymph nodes are enlarged?

Facial

Deep cervical

Submental

Superficial cervical

Occipital

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Examination of a tubular organ revealed that its middle membrane consisted of solid hyaline rings. What epithelium lines mucous membrane of this organ?

Monolayer prismatic with a limbus

Monolayer cubic

Monolayer prismatic glanduous

Multinuclear prismatic ciliated

Multilayer squamous nonkeratinous

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What method should be applied for sterilization of heatproof and moi-stureproof stomatological instruments in order to ensure total destruction of vi- ruses, vegetative and spore forms of microorganisms?

Boiling

Tyndallization

Burning in the flame of gas burner

Pasteurization

Autoclaving

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A female patient was admitted to the hospital with pleuritis. Which area of pleural cavity contains most exudate?

Costodiaphragmatic recess

Under the pleural cupula

Costomediastinal recess

Under the pulmonary radix

Phrenicomediastinal recess

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A 10 month old child has high excitability, sleep disturbance, amyotonia, retarded dentition, teeth erupt with inadequate enamel calcification. These changes are caused by deficiency of the following vitamin:

Thiamine

Riboflavin

Cholecalciferol

Nicotinamide

Retinol

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Examination of nasal cavity revealed deviation of the posterior part of nasal septum. What bone is affected?

Medial plate of pterygoid process

Vertical plate of palatine bone

Vomer

Lateral plate of pterygoid process

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

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During embryogenesis the epithelial band also known as vestibular plate gives rise to development of vestibule of mouth. What biological mechanism of the programmed death of cells provides growth of buccolabial sulcus from epithelial plate?

Apoptosis

Necrosis

Amitosis

Paranecrosis

Meiosis

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Roentgenological examination of mandible of a 27 year old man revealed a focus of osseous tissue destruction. Histological examination revealed a tumour consisting of odontogenous epithelium cords, immature connective tissue and dysplastic dentin rests. What tumour is it?

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma

Odontogenous fibroma

Dentinoma

Complex odontoma

Odontoameloblastoma

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A male patient underwent an operation on account of inguinal hernia. During the operation a surgeon damaged content of the inguinal canal. What structure was damaged?

Urarchus

Funiculus spermaticus

Lig. inguinale

-

Lig. teres uteri

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A patient with fracture of the greater wing of sphenoid bone was admitted to the craniocerebral department. The fracture line went through the spinous foramen. What vessel was damaged?

Posterior deep temporal artery

Lateral pterygoid artery

Anterior deep temporal artery

Superficial artery

Middle meningeal artery

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A patient has allergic rhinitis with profuse mucous discharges, itching, frequent sneezing. What drug should be chosen if you know that it selectively blocks histamine receptors?

Prednisolone

Adrenaline hydrochloride

Loratadine

Mesatonum

Naphthizin

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A patient with myocardium infarction was admitted to the cardiological department. In order to relieve his pain it was decided to potentiate action of fentanyl by a certain neuroleptic. What is the most suitable neuroleptic for neuroleptanalgesia?

Triftazine

Haloperidol

Aminazine

Sulpiride

Droperidol

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During examination of a child’s oral cavity a pediatrician established presence of inferior medial incisors. The child’s development is normal. How old is the child?

8-9 months

-

13-14 months

6-7 months

10-12 months

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A 23 year old man got perforation of hard palate. There was also a solid well-defined formation. Post-operative microscopical examination of this formation revealed a large focus of caseous necrosis surrounded by granulation tissue with endovasculitis and cellular infiltrate consisting mainly of plasmocytes but also of lymphocytes and epithelioid cells. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Sarcoma

Lepra

Syphilis

Tuberculosis

Scleroma

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A young woman has entered a production unit where strongly smelled of paints and varnishes and had bronchospasm. This reflex was provoked by irritation of the following receptors:

Irritant

Central chemoreceptors

Pleural receptors

Peripheral chemoreceptors

Juxtaglomerular

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A histological specimen presents an organ that has both cortical and medullary substance. Cortical substance consists of an external zone that contains lymph nodules as well as of a paracortical zone. Medullary substance contains medullary cords, sinuses and trabecules. What organ possesses these morphological signs?

Kidney

Adrenal glands

Thymus

Spleen

Lymph node

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A ventral root of spinal cord was damaged as a result of a trauma. The following processes of the following neurons were damaged:

Dendrites of internuncial neurons

Dendrites of motor neurons

Axons of sensory neurons

Axons of motor neurons

Dendrites of sensory neurons

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A 7 year old child has angina. A smear from the tonsil surface was inoculated on blood agar. 24 hours later there had grown colonies of streptococci. Nutrient medium turned transparent around them. This study revealed presence of the following pathogenous factor:

Neuraminidase

Endotoxin

Beta-lactamase

Hemolysin

Leukocidin

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Hurtnup’s disease is caused by point mutation of only one gene. This results in abnormal absorption of tryptophane in the intestine as well as its abnormal reabsorption in renal tubules. This causes synchronous disorders in digestive and urinary excretion systems. What genetic phenomenon is observed in this case?

Complementary interaction

Semidominance

Codominance

Polymery

Pleiotropy

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A patient with Itsenko-Cushing syndrome has persistent hyperglycemia and glycosuria, hypertension, osteoporosis, obesity. Increased synthesis and hypersecretion of the following hormone will be observed in this case:

Thyroxin

Cortisol

Aldosterone

Adrenaline

Glucagon

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A patient was delivered to the admission ward with poisoning with an insecticide of anticholinesterase action. What drug able to block muscarinic choli-noreceptors should be prescribed?

Atropine sulfate

Mesatonum

Pilocarpine hydrochloride

Benzohexonium

Dithylinum

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A 15 year old girl was delivered to the hospital with inflammation of vermiform appendix. Blood analysis revealed signs of anaemia. Her feces contained lemon-shaped helminthic eggs (50x30 micrometer) with 'plugs' on the poles. What type of helminth is it?

Echinococcus

Trichuris

Pinworm

Hookworm

Hymenolepis nana

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Prophylactic medical examination of a 7 year old boy revealed that the boy had Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (only boys can be affected). His parents are healthy but his grandfather by his mother’s side has the same diagnosis. What is the type of disease inheritance?

Semidominance

Dominant, sex-linked

Autosomally recessive

Recessive, sex-linked

Autosomally dominant

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Endoscopic examination of duodenum revealed a tumour of the major papilla. This pathological formation is localized in the following part of duodenum:

Superior part

Superior flexure

Ascending part

Descending part

Horizontal part

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Autopsy revealed that the upper lobe of the right lung was enlarged, grey, airless; surface of incision was dripping with turbid liquid; pleura had a lot of fibrinous plicae. Microscopical examination of alveoles revealed exudate containing neutrophils, desquamated alveolocytes and fibrin fibres. Bronchus wall was intact. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Influenzal pneumonia

Focal pneumonia

Interstitial pneumonia

Croupous pneumonia

Pulmonary abscess

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Examination of mountain climbers who have spent a long time in a high-altitude region revealed increase of erythrocyte number (over 6 • 1012/l) and haemoglobin concentration ( over 170 g/l). What mechanism caused this phenomenon?

Improved ability of tissue for oxygen utilization

Weakening of erythrocyte haemolysis in bloodstream

Intensified processes of anoxic energy production

Weakening of intracellular erythrocyte haemolysis

Intensified production of erythropoietin by the kidneys

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A 60 year old patient complains of tongue burning, excessive salivation and glossalgia effects that came 5 days after he started using a metal dental bridge. Objectively: mucous membrane of oral cavity is edematic and hyperemic. What form of stomatitis is it?

Purulent

Catarrhal

Gangrenous

Ulcerous

Fibrinous

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A patient underwent extraction of a tooth with oval crown and two tubercles on its masticatory surface. Its root is strongly flattened in mesiodistal direction, its apex is bifurcated. What tooth was extracted?

Canine

First superior premolar

First inferior premolar

Second inferior premolar

Second superior premolar

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Analysis of a dentist’s urine obtained at the end of his working day revealed protein concentration at the rate of 0,7 g/l. His morning urine hadn’t such changes. What is this phenomenon called?

Organic proteinuria

Extrarenal proteinuria

Hematuria

Nonselective proteinuria

Functional proteinuria

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As a result of a trauma a patient has got disfunction of lachrymal gland. What nerve is responsible for its secretion?

N. petrosus minor

Chorda tympany

N. occipitalis minor

N. auricularis magnus

N. petrosus major

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Pathological material taken from a patient suffering from pulpitis was inoculated onto KittTarozzi cultural medium. It is planned to find the following microorganisms:

Acidophilic

Anaerobic

Haemolytic

Aerobic

Acid-resistant

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The 16th tooth of a patient is missing. X-ray picture shows in the depth of alveolar process rarefaction of bone and a well-defined cavity that contained the underdeveloped tooth crown. Microscopical examination revealed that the cavity wall was lined with stratified squamous epithelium and enclosed within a fibrous capsule. Make a diagnosis:

Follicular gnathic cyst

Radicular gnathic cyst

Cystic ameloblastoma of jaw

Cyst of the incisive canal

Primordial gnathic cyst

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A 52 year old patient suffering from cancer of the lower jaw underwent a course of radiation therapy. The tumour has remitted. Which mechanism of cell destruction ensures efficiency of radiation therapy most of all?

Vessel thrombosis

Mutagenesis

Generation of free radicals

Lysis by natural killer cells

Hyperthermia

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A histological specimen presents a developed tooth that has a coating resistant to acids, but it can be found only on the lateral surfaces of the tooth. What coating is meant?

Enamel

Cement

Cuticle

Enamel pellicle

Dentine

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A sensory nerve ganglion consists of roundish neurocytes with one process that divides into axon and dendrite at a certain distance from perikaryon. What are such cells called?

Apolar

Bipolar

Unipolar

Pseudounipolar

Multipolar

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Roentgenological examination of a patient revealed a cyst enclosing a tooth in its cavity in the area of the premolar. Microscopical examination revealed that the cyst wall consisted of connective tissue and was lined with multilayer squamous epithelium. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Primordial cyst

Radicular cyst

Follicular cyst

Epulis

Eosinophilic granuloma

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A patient consulted a dentist about itching and burning in the oral cavity; high temperature. The patient was diagnosed with trichomonal gingivostomatitis. What drug should be chosen for his treatment?

Doxycycline hydrochloride

Nystatin

Gentamicin sulfate

Ampicillin

Metronidazole

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A patient with a tumour in the area of superior tubercles of quadrigeminal plate has lost pupillary reflex. This is most probably caused by dysfunction of the following nucleus of cranial nerves:

Motor nucleus of accessory nerve

Motor nucleus of oculomotor nerve

Motor nucleus of trochlear nerve

Accessory nucleus of oculomotor nerve

Motor nucleus of abducent nerve

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What preventive medications should be injected to a patient with open maxillofacial trauma provided that he has never got prophylactic vaccination before?

Tetanus anatoxin and antibiotics

Antitetanus immunoglobulin and anatoxin

Antitetanus serum and antibiotics

Diphtheria, tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine and antibiotics

Anticonvulsive drugs and anatoxin

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Microscopic examination of periodontium revealed plethoric vessels, edema of connective tissue along with infiltration by single neutrophils. What type of exudative inflammation in the periodontium is it?

Catarrhal

Putrid

Serous

Fibrinous

Purulent

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Histological study of an extirpated pulp revealed some cylindrical cells in its peripheral layer. What are these cells called?

Odontoblasts

Myofibroblasts

Monocytes

Fibroblasts

Ameloblasts

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During examination of a patient a dentist revealed carious cavities on the front teeth that don’t have accessory antagonists. What teeth are meant?

Inferior medial incisors

Inferior lateral incisors

Superior medial incisors

Superior lateral incisors

Superior canines

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