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Step 1 - Medicine 2008
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An infant has apparent diarrhea resulting from improper feeding. One of the main diarrhea effects is plentiful excretion of sodium bicarbonate. What form of acid-base balance disorder is the case?
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
No disorders of acid-base balance will be observed
3 із 200
A3 year old child with fever was given aspirin. It resulted in intensified erythrocyte haemolysis. Hemolytic anemia might have been caused by congenital insufficiency of the following enzyme:
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
y-glutamiltransferase
Glucose 6-phosphatase
Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase
Glycogen phosphorylase
4 із 200
A patient is ill with diabetes melli-tus accompanied by hyperglycemia on an empty stomach (7,2 millimole/l). The hyperglycemia rate can be retrospectively estimated (over the last 4-8 weeks before the examination) on the ground of the rate of the following blood plasma protein:
Glycated hemoglobin
Ceruloplasmin
Albumin
C -reactive protein
Fibrinogen
5 із 200
In course of laparotomy a surgeon revealed gangrenous lesion of descending colon. It was caused by thrombosis of the following artery:
Sinister colic
Superior mesenteric artery
Dexter colic
Ileocolic
Median colic
6 із 200
A 37 year old patient suffering from obliterating vascular endarteritis of lower limbs takes daily 60 microgram/kilogram of phenylin. Because of presentations of convulsive disorder ( craniocerebral trauma in anamnesis) he was prescribed phenobarbital. Withholding this drug caused nasal hemorhage. What is this complication connected with?
Induction of enzymes of microsomal oxidation in liver caused by phenobarbital
Inhibition of microsomal oxidation in liver caused by phenobarbital
Oxidative deamination of phenylin
Aliphatic hydroxylation of phenobarbi-tal
Conjugation of phenylin with glucuronic acid
7 із 200
A 60 year old patient has impaired perception of high-frequency sounds. These changes were caused by damage of the following auditory analyzer structures:
Main cochlea membrane near the oval window
Main cochlea membrane near the helicotrema
Middle ear muscles
Eustachian tube
Tympanic membrane
8 із 200
Researchers isolated 5 isoenzymic forms of lactate dehydrogenase from the human blood serum and studied their properties. What property indicates that the isoenzymic forms were isolated from the same enzyme?
Catalyzation of the same reaction
The same physicochemical properties
The same electrophoretic mobility
Tissue localization
The same molecular weight
9 із 200
It was proved that a molecule of immature mRNA (precursor mRNA) contained more triplets than amino acids found in the synthesized protein. The reason for that is that translation is normally preceded by:
Processing
Reparation
Mutation
Initiation
Replication
10 із 200
A patient has low rate of magnesium ions that are necessary for affixion of ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum. It is known that it causes disturbance of protein biosynthesis. At what stage is protein biosynthesis impaired?
Translation
Transcription
Replication
Termination
Amino acid activation
11 із 200
A student takes notes of a lecture. Quality of his notes became significantly worse when his neighbours began talking. What type of conditional reflex inhibition was the cause of it?
External
Delayed
Differentiated
Protective
Extinctive
12 із 200
A patient ill with neurodermatitis has been taking prednisolone for a long time. Examination revealed high rate of sugar in his blood. This complication is caused by the drug influence upon the following link of carbohydrate metabolism:
Gluconeogenesis activation
Activation of insulin decomposition
Intensification of glucose absorption in the bowels
Glycogenogenesis activation
Inhibition of glycogen synthesis
13 із 200
Labelled amino acids alanine and tryptophane were injected to a mouse in order to study localization of protein synthesis in its cells. The labelled amino acids will be accumulated near the following organellas:
Ribosomes
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Cell centre
Lysosomes
14 із 200
A patient with frequent attacks of stenocardia was prescribed sustak-forte to be taken one tablet twice a day. At first the effect was positive but on the second day stenocardia attacks resumed. What can explain inefficiency of the prescribed drug?
Tachyphylaxis
Idiosyncrasy
Dependence
Cumulation
Sensibilization
15 із 200
Inflammation of the tympanic cavity (purulent otitis media) was complicated by inflammation of mammillary process sockets. What wall of tympanic cavity did the pus penetrate into the sockets through?
Posterior
Anterior
Medial
Superior
Lateral
16 із 200
In order to speed up healing of a wound of oral mucosa a patient was prescribed a drug that is a thermostable protein occuring in tears, saliva, mother’s milk as well as in a new-laid hen’s egg. It is known that this protein is a factor of natural resistance of an organism. What is it called?
Lysozyme
Imanine
Complement
Interleukin
Interferon
17 із 200
An aged man had raise of arterial pressure under a stress. It was caused by activation of:
Sympathoadrenal system
Functions of adrenal cortex
Hypophysis function
Functions of thyroid gland
Parasympathetic nucleus of vagus
18 із 200
A 20 year old patient complains of general weakness, dizziness, quick fatigability. Blood analysis results: Hb- 80 g/l. Microscopical examination results: erythrocytes are of modified form. This condition might be caused by:
Sickle-cell anemia
Acute intermittent porphyria
Hepatocellular jaundice
Obturative jaundice
Addison’s disease
19 із 200
Blood minute volume of a 30 year old woman at rest is 5 l/m. What blood volume is pumped through the pulmonary vessels per minute?
5 l
2,5 l
3,75 l
1,5 l
2,0 l
20 із 200
As a result of long-term starvation the glomerular filtration of a man was accelerated by 20%. The most probable cause of filtration changes under such conditions is:
Fall of oncotic pressure of blood plasma
Rise of systemic arterial pressure
Increased permeability of renal filter
Growth of filtration coefficient
Increase of renal plasma flow
21 із 200
A patient has yellow skin colour, dark urine, dark-yellow feces. What substance will have strengthened concentration in the blood serum?
Unconjugated bilirubin
Biliverdin
Mesobilirubin
Verdoglobin
Conjugated bilirubin
22 із 200
A patient consulted a doctor about symmetric dermatitis of open skin areas. It was found out that the patient lived mostly on cereals and ate too little meat, milk and eggs. What vitamin deficiency is the most evident?
Nicotinamide
Calciferol
Biotin
Folic acid
Tocopherol
23 із 200
A 46 year old patient applied to a doctor complaining about joint pain that becomes stronger the day before weather changes. Blood examination revealed strengthened concentration of uric acid. The most probable cause of the disease is the intensified disintegration of the following substance:
Adenosine monophosphate
Uridine triphosphate
Cytidine monophosphate
Thymidine monophosphate
Uridine monophosphate
24 із 200
A 38 year old patient suffers from rheumatism in its active phase. What laboratory characteristic of blood serum is of diagnostic importance in case of this pathology?
C-reactive protein
Uric acid
Urea
Creatinine
Transferrin
25 із 200
ECG of a patient with hyperfunction of thyroid gland showed heart hurry. It is indicated by depression of the following ECG element:
R — R interval
P — T interval
P — Q segment
QRS complex
P — Q interval
26 із 200
A 62 year woman complains of frequent pain attacks in the area of her chest and backbone, rib fractures. Her doctor suspected myeloma (plasmocytoma). What of the following laboratory characteristics will be of the greatest diagnostic importance?
Paraproteinemia
Proteinuria
Hypoglobulinemia
Hyperalbuminemia
Hypoproteinemia
27 із 200
While playing volleyball a sportsman made a jump and landed on the outside edge of his foot. He felt acute pain in the talocrural joint, active movements are limited, passive movements are unlimited but painful. A bit later there appeared a swelling in the area of external ankle, the skin became red and warm. What type of peripheral circulation disturbance is the case?
Arterial hyperemia
Embolism
Venous hyperemia
Stasis
Thrombosis
28 із 200
Bacterioscopic examination of a smear from the pharynx of a diphtheria suspect revealed bacilli with volutine granules. What etiotropic drug should be chosen in this case?
Antidiphtheritic antitoxic serum
Bacteriophage
Interferon
Eubiotic
Diphtheritic anatoxin
29 із 200
A patient underwent an operation on account of gall bladder excision that resulted in obstruction of Ca absorption through the bowels wall. What vitamin wil stimulate this process?
D:i
PP
K
B12
C
30 із 200
A woman underwent an operation on account of extrauterine (tubal) pregnancy. In course of the operation the surgeon should ligate the branches of the following arteries:
Uterine and ovarian
Uterine and inferior cystic
Superior cystic and ovarian
Uterine and superior cystic
Inferior cystic and ovarian
31 із 200
A 6 month old baby ill with bronchitis was taken for an X-ray of chest. Apart of changes associated with bronchi the X-ray film showed a shadow of thymus gland. What might have caused such changes?
The above-mentioned condition is a normal variant for this age
It is caused by thymus inflammation
It’s the effect of bronchitis
It is caused by abnormal position
It is caused by neoplastic process
32 із 200
A patient complains of frequent diarrheas, especially after consumption of rich food, weight loss. Laboratory examination revealed steatorrhea; his feces were hypocholic. What might have caused such condition?
Obturation of biliary tracts
Lack of pancreatic phospholipase
Inflammation of mucous membrane of small intestine
Unbalanced diet
Lack of pancreatic lipase
33 із 200
Examination of a patient with pustular skin lesions allowed to isolate a causative agent that forms in the blood agar roundish yellow middle-sized colonies surrounded by haemolysis zone. Smears from the colonies contain irregularshaped clusters of gram-positive cocci. The culture is oxidase- and catalasepositive, ferments mannitol and synthesizes plasmocoagulase. What causative agent was isolated?
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
34 із 200
A 65 year old man suffering from gout complains of kidney pain. Ultrasound examination revealed renal calculi. The most probable cause of calculi formation is the strengthened concentration of the following substance:
Uric acid
Cholesterol
Urea
Bilirubin
Cystine
35 із 200
Microscopic examination of a Gram-stained scrape from patient’s tongue revealed oval, round, elongated chains of dark-violet gemmating cells. What disease can be caused by this causative agent?
Candidosis
Streptococcic infection
Actinomycosis
Diphtheria
Staphylococcic infection
36 із 200
A 44 year old woman complains of general weakness, heart pain, significant increase of body weight. Objectively: moon face, hirsutism, AP is 165/100 mm Hg, height - 164 cm, weight - 103 kg; the fat is mostly accumulated on her neck, thoracic girdle, belly. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of obesity?
Increased production of glucocorticoids
Increased insulin production
Increased mineralocorticoid production
Reduced glucagon production
Reduced production of thyroid hormones
37 із 200
Blood of a patient with presumable sepsis was inoculated into sugar broth. There appeared bottom sediment. Repeated inoculation into blood agar caused growth of small transparent round colonies surrounded by hemolysis zone. Examination of a smear from the sediment revealed gram-positive cocci in form of long chains. What microorganisms are present in blood of this patient?
Streptococci
Sarcina
Tetracocci
Staphylococci
Micrococci
38 із 200
2 years ago a patient underwent resection of pyloric part of stomach. He complains of weakness, periodical dark shadows beneath his eyes, dyspnea. In blood: Hb - 70 g/l, erythrocytes - 3,0 • 1012//, colour index - 0,7 What changes of erythrocytes in blood smears are the most typical for this condition?
Microcytes
Megalocytes
Macrocytes
Schizocytes
Ovalocytes
39 із 200
A patient is ill with hepatocirrhosis. State of antitoxic liver function can be characterized by examination of the following substance exreted by urine:
Hippuric acid
Ammonium salts
Creatinine
Amino acids
Uric acid
40 із 200
The territory of an old burial ground for animal refuse that hasn’t been used for over 50 years is meant for house building. But soil investigation showed the presense of viable spores of a causative agent causing a very dangerous disease. What microorganism might have been preserved in soil for such a long period of time?
Bacillus anthracis
Brucella abortus
Francisella tularensis
Yersinia pestis
Mycobacterium bovis
41 із 200
Autopsy of a man who had been working as a miner for many years and died from cardiopulmonary decompensation revealed that his lungs were airless, sclerosed, their apexex had emphysematous changes, the lung surface was greyish-black, the incised lung tissue was coal-black. What disease caused death?
Anthracosis
Asbestosis
Silicosis
Talcosis
Aluminosis
42 із 200
Microscopy of stained (Ziehl-Neelsen staining) smears taken from the sputum of a patient with chronic pulmonary disease revealed red bacilli. What property of tuberculous bacillus was shown up?
Acid resistance
Sporification
Capsule formation
Alkali resistance
Alcohol resistance
43 із 200
Parents of a 10 year old boy consulted a doctor about extension of hair-covering, growth of beard and moustache, low voice. Intensified secretion of which hormone must be assumed?
Of testosterone
Of cortisol
Of progesterone
Of somatotropin
Of oestrogen
44 із 200
Examination of coronary arteries revealed atherosclerotic calcified plaques closing vessel lumen by 1/3. The muscle has multiple whitish layers of connective tissue. What process was revealed in the myocardium?
Diffusive cardiosclerosis
Myocarditis
Postinfarction cardiosclerosis
Tiger heart
Myocardium infarction
45 із 200
It was revealed that T-lymphocytes were affected by HIV. Virus enzyme -reverse transcriptase ( EVA-dependent DNA polymerase) - catalyzes the synthesis of :
DNA on the matrix of virus mRNA
DNA on virus ribosomal RNA
Viral DNA on DNA matrix
mRNA on the matrix of virus protein
Virus informational RNA on the matrix of DNA
46 із 200
A 35 year old man with a trauma of his left hand was admitted to the traumatology department. Objectively: cut wound of palmar surface of left hand; middle phalanxes of II-V fingers don’t bend. What muscles are damaged?
Superficial finger flexor
Lumbrical muscles
Profound finger flexor
Dorsal interosseous muscles
Palmar interosseous muscles
47 із 200
Histological examination of a skin tissue sampling revealed granulomas consisting of macrophagal nodules with lymphocytes and plasmatic cells. There are also some big macrophages with fatty vacuoles containing causative agents of a disease packed up in form of spheres (Virchow’s cells). Granulation tissue is well vascularized. What disease is this granuloma typical for?
Lepra
Syphilis
Tuberculosis
Glanders
Rhinoscleroma
48 із 200
In order to estimate toxigenity of diphtheria agents obtained from patients the cultures were inoculated on Petri dish with nutrient agar on either side of a filter paper strip that was put into the centre and moistened with antidiphtheric antitoxic serum. After incubation of inoculations in agar the strip-like areas of medium turbidity were found between separate cultures and the strip of filter paper. What immunological reaction was conducted?
Precipitation gel reaction
Coomb’s test
Rings precipitation reaction
Opsonization reaction
Agglutination reaction
49 із 200
A patient taking clonidine for essential hypertension treatment was using alcohol that caused intense inhibition of central nervous system. What may it be connected with?
Effect potentiating
Effect summation
Intoxication
Idiosyncrasy
Cumulation
50 із 200
Examination of an ovary specimen stained by hematoxylin-eosine revealed a follicle in which follicular epithelium consisted of 1-2 layers of cubic cells. There was also a bright red membrane around the ovocyte. What follicle is it?
Primary
Secondary
Mature
Atretic
Primordial
51 із 200
A patient with clinical signs of encephalitis was delivered to the infectious diseases hospital. Anamnesis registers a tick bite. Hemagglutination-inhibition reaction helped to reveal antibodies to the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis in the dilution 1:20 which is not diagnostic. What actions should the doctor take after he had got such result?
To repeat the examination with serum taken 10 days later
To apply more sensitive reaction
To repeat examination with another diagnosticum
To examine the same serum
To deny diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis
52 із 200
A 40 year old man noticed a reddening and an edema of skin in the area of his neck that later developed into a small abscess. The incised focus is dense, yellowish-green. The pus contains white granules. Histological examination revealed drusen of a fungus, plasmatic and xanthome cells, macrophages. What type of mycosis is the most probable?
Actinomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Aspergillosis
Sporotrichosis
Candidosis
53 із 200
Continuous taking of some drugs foregoing the pregnancy increase the risk of giving birth to a child with genetic defects. What is this effect called?
Mutagenic effect
Teratogenic effect
Fetotoxical effect
Blastomogenic effect
Embryotoxic effect
54 із 200
A man with a wound of his limb that had been suppurating for a long time died from intioxication. Autopsy revealed extreme emaciation, dehydration, brown atrophy of liver, myocardium, spleen and cross-striated muscles as well as renal amyloidosis. What diagnosis corresponds with the described picture?
Chroniosepsis
Brucellosis
Chernogubov’s syndrome
Septicemia
Septicopyemia
55 із 200
6 months after labour a woman had uterine hemorrhage. Gynaecological examination of uterine cavity revealed a dark-red tissue with multiple cavities resembling of a 'sponge'. Microscopic examination of a tumour revealed in blood lacunas atypic light epithelial Langhans cells and giant cells of syncyti-otrophoblast. What tumour is it?
Chorioepithelioma
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell nonkeratinous carcinoma
Cystic mole
Fibromyoma
56 із 200
An animal with aortic valve insufficiency got hypertrophy of its left heart ventricle. Some of its parts have local contractures. What substance accumulated in the myocardiocytes caused these contractures?
Calcium
Sodium
Lactic acid
Potassium
Carbon dioxide
57 із 200
A girl is diagnosed with adrenogenital syndrome (pseudohermaphroditism). This pathology was caused by hypersecretion of the following adrenal hormone:
Androgen
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Adrenalin
Estrogen
58 із 200
In course of an experiment a big number of stem cells of red bone marrow was in some way destructed. Regeneration of which cell populations in the loose connective tissue will be inhibited?
Of macrophags
Of lipocytes
Of pericytes
Of pigment cells
Of fibroblasts
59 із 200
Examination of a 70 year old patient rrevealed insulin-dependent diabetes. What drug should be administered?
Glibenclamid
Insulin
Parathyroidin
Mercazolilum
Cortisone
60 із 200
A human body cools in water much faster that in the air. What way of heat emission in water is much more efficient?
Heat conduction
Heat radiation
Convection
Sweat evaporation
-
61 із 200
A patient suffering from chronic cardiac insufficiency was recommended to undergo a prophylactic course of treatment with a cardiological drug from the group of cardiac glycosides that is to be taken enterally. What drug was recommended?
Digoxin
Cordarone
Corglycon
Strophanthine
Cordiamin
62 із 200
An ophthalmologist used a 1% mesaton solution for the diagnostic purpose (pupil dilation for eye-ground examination). What is the cause of mydriasis induced by the drug?
Activation of ai adrenoreceptors
Activation of M-cholinoreceptors
Activation of a2 adrenoreceptors
Activation of Pi adrenoreceptors
Block of ai adrenoreceptors
63 із 200
Prophylactic medical examination of a 36 year old driver revealed that his AP was 150/90 mm Hg. At the end of working day he usually hears ear noise, feels slight indisposition that passes after some rest. He was diagnosed with essential hypertension. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism in this case?
Neurogenetic
Humoral
Reflexogenic
Endocrinal
Nephric
64 із 200
A cerebral trauma caused increased ammonia generation. What amino acid participates in the excretion of ammonia from the cerebral tissue?
Glutamic
Valine
Tyrosine
Tryptophan
Lysine
65 із 200
While studying maximally spiralized chromosomes of human karyotype the process of cell division was stopped in the following phase:
Metaphase
Interphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Prophase
66 із 200
48 hours after tuberculine test (Mantoux test) a child had a papule 10 mm in diameter on the spot of tuberculine injection. What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies these changes?
Cellular cytotoxicity
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
Immunocomplex cytotoxicity
Anaphylaxy
Granulomatosis
67 із 200
A patient was admitted to the surgical department with suspected inflammation of Meckel’s diverticulum. What part of bowels should be examined in order to discover the diverticulum in course of an operation?
Ileum
Jejunum
Colon ascendens
Caecum
Duodenum
68 із 200
Power inputs of a man were measured. In what state was this man if his power inputs were lower than basal metabolism?
Sleep
Nervous tension
Simple work
Rest
Relaxation
69 із 200
Examination of a newborn boy’s genitalia revealed an urethral hiatus that opens on the undersite of his penis. What malformation is it?
Hypospadias
Monorchism
Epispadia
Hermaphroditism
Cryptorhidism
70 із 200
A concentrated solution of sodium chloride was intravenously injected to an animal. This caused decreased reabsorption of sodium ions in the renal tubules. It is the result of the following changes of hormonal secretion:
Aldosterone reduction
Aldosterone increase
Vasopressin reduction
Vasopressin increase
Reduction of atrial natriuretic factor
71 із 200
As a result of destruction of certain brainstem structures an animal has lost its orientative reflexes in response to strong photic stimuli. What structures were destroyed?
Anterior tubercles of quadrigeminal plate
Posterior tubercles of quadrigeminal plate
Vestibular nuclei
Black substance
Red nuclei
72 із 200
Myocyte cytoplasm contains a big number of dissolved metabolites of glucose oxidation. Name one of them that turns directly into a lactate:
Pyruvate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Oxaloacetate
Glucose 6-phosphate
Glycerophosphate
73 із 200
Mother of a 2 year old child consulted a stomatologist. In the period of pregnancy she was irregularly taking antibiotics for an infectious disease. Examination of the child revealed incisor destruction, yellow enamel, brown rim around the dental cervix. What drug has apparent teratogenic effect?
Doxacycline
Furosemide
Ampiox
Octadine
Xantinol nicotinate
74 із 200
A 59 year old patient is a plant manager. After the tax inspection of his plant he felt intense pain behind his breastbone irradiating to his left arm. 15 minutes later his condition came to normal. Which of the possible mechanisms of stenocardia development is the leading in this case?
High catecholamine concentration in blood
Coronary atherosclerosis
Functional heart overload
Intravascular aggregation of blood corpuscles
Coronary thrombosis
75 із 200
A patient recovered from Sonne dysentery and was once more infected with the same causative agent. What is such infection form called?
Reinfection
Persisting infection
Recidivation
Superinfection
Chronic infection
76 із 200
A 56 year old patient came to a hospital with complaints about general weakness, tongue pain and burning, sensation of limb numbness. In the past he underwent resection of forestomach. In blood: Hb- 80 g/l; erythrocytes - 2,0 • 1012/l; colour index - 1,2, leukocytes - 3,5 • 109/l. What anemia type is it?
B12-folate deficient
Iron-deficient
Hemolytic
Aplastic
Posthemorrhagic
77 із 200
A 35 year old patient applied to a doctor with complaints about having intense rhinitis and loss of sense of smell for a week. Objectively: nasal cavity contains a lot of mucus that covers mucous membrane and blocks olfactory receptors. In what part of nasal cavity are these receptors situated?
Superior nasal turbinate
Inferior nasal turbinate
Vestibule of nose
Common nasal meatus
Median nasal turbinate
78 із 200
A 17 year old boy fell seriously ill, the body temperature rose up to 38,5oC, there appeared cough, rhinitis, lacrimati-on, nasal discharges. What inflammation is it?
Catarrhal
Hemorrhagic
Purulent
Fibrinous
Serous
79 із 200
A patient with disturbed cerebral circulation has problems with deglutition. What part of brain was damaged?
Brainstem
Interbrain
Forebrain
Midbrain
Cervical part of spinal cord
80 із 200
Vitamin B1 deficiency results in disturbance of oxidative decarboxylation of o-ketoglutaric acid. This will disturb synthesis of the following coenzyme:
Thiamine pyrophosphate
Coenzyme A
Lipoic acid
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
Flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
81 із 200
A chemical burn caused esophagus stenosis. Difficulty of ingestion led to the abrupt loss of weight. In blood: 3,0 • 1012/l, Hb - 106 g/l, crude protein - 57 g/l. What type of starvation is it?
Incomplete
Absolute
Proteinic
Complete
Water
82 із 200
A 30 year old woman has face edemata. Examination revealed proteinuria (5,87 g/l), hypoproteinemia, dysproteinemia, hyperlipidemia. What condition is the set of these symptoms typical for?
Nephrotic syndrome
Chronic pyelonephritis
Acute renal failure
Nephritic syndrome
Chronic renal failure
83 із 200
Skin of a man who died from cardiac insufficiency has an eruption in form of spots' and specks. There are also bedsores in the area of sacrum and spinous vertebral processes. Microscopical examination of CNS, skin, adrenal glands revealed in the vessels of microcirculatory bed and in small arteries destructive-proliferative endothrombovasculitis with Popov’s granulomas; interstitial myocarditis. What diagnosis corresponds with the described picture?
Spotted fever
Q fever
Nodular periarteritis
HIV
Enteric fever
84 із 200
Autopsy of a man who died from the sepsis in his femoral bone revealed phlegmonous inflammation that affected the marrow, haversian canals and periosteum. Under the periosteum there are multiple abscesses, adjoining soft tissues of thigh also have signs of phlegmonous inflammation. What pathological process was described?
Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis
Osteoporosis
-
Chronic hematogenous osteomielitis
Osteopetrosis
85 із 200
A patient has a decreased vasopressin synthesis that causes polyuria and as a result of it evident organism dehydratati-on. What is the mechanism of polyuria development?
Reduced tubular reabsorption of water
Reduced tubular reabsorption of protein
Reduced tubular reabsorption of Na ions
Acceleration of glomerular filtration
Reduced glucose reabsorption
86 із 200
A patient with nephrotic syndrome has massive edemata of his face and limbs. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of edemata development?
Drop of oncotic blood pressure
Rise of hydrodynamic blood pressure
Increase of vascular permeability
Lymphostasis
Increase of lymph outflow
87 із 200
Examination of a 55 year old woman revealed under the skin of submandibular area a movable slowly growing pasty formation with distinct borders 1,0x0,7 cm large. Histological examination revealed lipocytes that form segments of diffrent forms and sizes separated from each other by thin layers of connective tissue with vessels. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Lipoma
Fibrosarcoma
Angioma
Liposarcoma
Fibroma
88 із 200
An unconscious young man with signs of morphine poisoning entered admission office. His respiration is shallow and infrequent which is caused by inhibition of respiratory centre. What type of respiratory failure is it?
Ventilative dysregulatory
Ventilative restrictive
Diffusive
Perfusive
Ventilative obstructive
89 із 200
A patient with cholelithiasis fell ill with mechanic jaundice. Examinati- on revealed that the stone was in the common bile duct. What bile-excreting ducts make up the obturated duct?
Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus cysticus
Ductus hepaticus sinister et ductus cysticus
Ductus hepaticus dexter et ductus cysti-cus
Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus choledochus
Ductus hepaticus dexter et sinister
90 із 200
A patient is 44 years old. Laboratory examination of his blood revealed that content of proteins in plasma was 40 g/l. What influence will be exerted on the transcapillary water exchange?
Filtration will be increased, reabsorption - decreased
Filtration will be decreased, reabsorption - increased
Both filtration and reabsorption will be increased
Both filtration and reabsorption will be decreased
Exchange will stay unchanged
91 із 200
The cerebrospinal fluid is being examined for the purpose of diffrential meningitis diagnostics. At what site is the lumbal puncture safe?
L III-L IV
L I-L II
L II-L III
Th XII-L I
L V-SI
92 із 200
An isolated cell of human heart automatically generates excitement impulses with frequency of 60 times per minute. This cell was taken from the following heart structure :
Sinoatrial node
Ventricle
Atrium
Atrioventricular node
His’ bundle
93 із 200
Examination of a 60 year old patient revealed hyperglycemia and glucosuria. A doctor administered him a medication for internal use. What medication is it?
Glibenclamid
Corglycon
Oxytocin
Pancreatine
Furosemide
94 із 200
As a result of posttranslative modifications some proteins taking part in blood coagulation, particularly prothrombin, become capable of calcium binding. The following vitamin takes part in this process:
K
A
Bi
C
B2
95 із 200
Examination of a man who had been working hard under higher temperature of the environment revealed abnormal quantity of blood plasma proteins. What phenomenon is the case?
Relative hyperproteinemia
Absolute hypoproteinemia
Paraproteinemia
Dysproteinemia
Absolute hyperproteinemia
96 із 200
A patient ill with thrombophlebitis of his lower limbs had chest pain, blood spitting, progressing respiratory insufficiency that led to his death. Autopsy diagnosed multiple lung infarctions. What is the most probable cause of their development?
Thromboembolism of pulmonary artery branches
Thrombosis of pulmonary veins
Thrombosis of bronchial arteries
Thrombosis of pulmonary artery branches
Thromboembolism of bronchial arteries
97 із 200
A woman suffering from osteochondrosis felt acute pain in her humeral articulation that became stronger when she abducted her shoulder. These symptoms might be caused by damage of the following nerve:
Axillary nerve
Subscapular nerve
Dorsal scapular nerve
Throracodorsal nerve
Subclavicular nerve
98 із 200
A patient has a deep cut wound on the posterior surface of his shoulder in its middle third. What muscle might be injured?
Triceps muscle of arm
Anconeus muscle
Biceps muscle of arm
Coracobrachial muscle
Brachial muscle
99 із 200
A patient has acne on his face. Mi- crospcopic examination of scrapings from the affected areas revealed living porrect vermiform arthropoda 0,2-0,5 mm large with four pairs of short extremities in the front part of their bodies. What is the laboratory diagnosis?
Demodicosis
Scabies
Pediculosis
Myiasis
Phthiriasis
100 із 200
A 28 year old man had a gunshot wound of shin that resulted in an ulcer from the side of the injury. What is the main factor of neurodystrophy pathogenesis in this case?
Traumatization of peripheral nerve
Microcirculation disturbance
Tissue damage
Psychical stress
Infection
101 із 200
A 45 year old man consulted a doctor about a plaque-like formation on his neck. Histological examination of a skin bi-optate revealed clusters of round and oval tumour cells with a narrow border of basophilic cytoplasm resembling of cells of basal epidermal layer. What tumour is it?
Basal cell carcinoma
Hydroadenoma
Epidermal cancer
Trichoepithelioma
Syringoadenoma
102 із 200
A patient ill with essential hypertension was recommended a drug that prevents thrombosis. It is to be taken parenterally. What drug is it?
Heparin
Syncumar
Neodicumarin
Protamine sulfate
Amben
103 із 200
Packed cell volume of a man was 40% before the trauma. What packed cell volume will be observed 24 hours after blood loss of 750 ml?
30%
45 %
50 %
55 %
40 %
104 із 200
Two hours after an exam a student had a blood count done and it was revealed that he had leukocytosis without significant leukogram modifications. What is the most probable mechanism of leukocytosis development?
Redistribution of leukocytes in the organism
Leukopoiesis intensification and deceleration of leukocyte lysis
Deceleration of leukocyte migration to the tissues
Leukopoiesis intensification
Deceleration of leukocyte lysis
105 із 200
Golgi complex exports substances from a cell due to the fusion of the membrane saccule with the cell membrane. The saccule contents flows out. What process is it?
Exocytosis
Active transport
Endocytosis
Facilitated diffusion
All answers are false
106 із 200
A boy found a spider with the following morphological characteristics: it is 2 cm long, has roundish black abdomen with two rows of red spots' on its dorsal side; four pairs of jointed limbs are covered with small black hairs. What arthropod is it?
Karakurt spider
Mite
Solpuga
Tarantula
Scorpion
107 із 200
A 3 year old child with symptoms of stomatitis, gingivitis and dermatitis of open skin areas was delivered to a hospital. Examination revealed inherited disturbance of neutral amino acid transporting in the bowels. These symptoms were caused by the deficiency of the following vitamin:
Niacin
Vitamin A
Cobalamin
Biotin
Pantothenic acid
108 із 200
A patient with suspected diagnosis 'progressing muscular dystrophy' got his urine tested. What compound will confirm this diagnosis if found in urine?
Kreatine
Calmodulin
Myoglobin
Porphyrin
Collagen
109 із 200
A patient being treated for viral hepatitis type B got symptoms of hepatic insufficiency. What blood changes indicative of protein metabolism disorder will be observed in this case?
Absolute hypoalbuminemia
Absolute hyperalbuminemia
Proteinic blood composition is unchanged
Absolute hyperfibrinogenemia
Absolute hyperglobulinemia
110 із 200
A pregnant woman had her blood group identified. Reaction of erythrocyte agglutination with standard serums of 0aft (I), Ba (III) groups didn’t proceed with standard serum of Aft (II) group. The blood group under examination is:
Aft (II)
-
AB (IV)
Ba (III)
0 aft (I )
111 із 200
A sensitive neural ganglion consists of roundish neurocytes with one extension that divides into axon and dendrite at some distance from the perikaryon. What are these cells called?
Pseudounipolar
Multipolar
Apolar
Bipolar
Unipolar
112 із 200
A doctor examined a child and revealed symptoms of rachitis. Development of this desease was caused by deficiency of the following compound:
1,25 [OH]-dichydroxycholecalciferol
Retinol
Biotin
Tocopherol
Naphtaquinone
113 із 200
An embryo displays disturbed process of dorsal mesoderm segmentation and somite formation. What part of skin will have developmental abnormalities?
Derma
Epidermis
Sebaceous glands
Hair
Sudoriferous glands
114 із 200
It was found out that some compounds, for instance fungi toxins and some antibiotics can inhibit activity of ENA-polymerase. What process will be disturbed in a cell in case of inhibition of this enzyme?
Transcription
Processing
Reparation
Translation
Replication
115 із 200
A 7 year old child is ill with bronchitis. It is necessary to administer him an antibacterial drug. What drug of fluoroquinolone group is CONTRAINDICATED at this age?
Cyprofloxacin
Amoxicillin
Ampiox
Ampicillin
Sulfadimethoxine
116 із 200
A culture of monkey cells (Vero) and a group of mouse sucklings were infected with an inoculum taken from a child with provisional diagnosis 'enterovirus infection'. There was no cytopathic effect on the cell culture but mouse sucklings died. What enteric viruses might have caused disease of this child?
Coxsackie A
Polioviruses
Coxsackie B
ECHO virus
Unclassified enteric viruses 68-71
117 із 200
A patient died from cardiopulmonary decompensation. Histological examination revealed diffused pulmonary lesion together with interstitial edema, infiltration of tissue by limphocytes, macrophages, plasmocytes; pulmonary fibrosis, panacinar emphysema. What disease corresponds with the described picture?
Fibrosing alveolitis
Bronchopneumonia
Pulmonary atelectasis
Chronic bronchitis
Bronchial asthma
118 із 200
Vagus branches that innervate heart are being stimulated in course of an experiment. As a result of it the excitement conduction from atria to the ventricles was brought to a stop. It is caused by electrophysical changes in the following structures:
Atrioventricular node
Atria
Ventricles
His’ bundle
Sinoatrial node
119 із 200
If a man has an attack of bronchi-ospasm it is necessary to reduce the effect of vagus on smooth muscles of bronchi. What membrane cytoreceptors should be blocked for this purpose?
M-cholinoreceptors
^-adrenoreceptors
N-cholinoreceptors
3- adrenoreceptors
a- and 3-adrenoreceptors
120 із 200
A patient of surgical department complains about pain in the small of her back and in the lower part of her belly; painful and frequent urination. Bacteriological examination of urine revealed gram-negative oxidase-positive rod-like bacteria forming greenish mucoid colonies with specific smell. What causative agent can it be?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Proteus mirabilis
Mycoplasma pneumonie
Str.pyogenes
E.coli
121 із 200
There are several groups of molecular mechanisms playing important part in pathogenesis of insult to cells which contributes to the pathology development. What processes are stimulated by proteinic damage mechanisms?
Enzyme inhibition
Osmotic membrane distension
Lipid peroxidation
Phospholipase activation
Acidosis
122 із 200
A child was born with cleft palate. Examination revealed aorta defects and reduced number of T-lymphocytes in blood. What immunodeficient syndrome is it?
DiGeorge
Chediak-Higashi
Swiss-type
Wiskott-Aldrich
Louis-Bar
123 із 200
A 16 year old boy after an illness has diminished function of protein synthesis in liver as a result of vitamin K deficiency. It will cause disturbance of:
Blood coagulation
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Osmotic blood pressure
Erythropoietin secretion
Anticoagulant generation
124 із 200
Life cycle of a cell includes the process of DNA autoreduplication. As a result of it monochromatid chromosomes turn into bichromatid ones. What period of cell cycle does this phenomenon fall into?
5
Gi
M
G2
G0
125 із 200
A driver who got a trauma in a road accident and is shocked has reduction of daily urinary output down to 300 ml. What is the main pathogenetic factor of such diuresis change?
Drop of arterial pressure
Secondary hyperaldosteronism
Increased vascular permeability
Drop of oncotic blood pressure
Decreased number of functioning glomerules
126 із 200
Systemic arterial pressure of an adult dropped from 120/70 to 90/50 mm Hg that led to reflectory vasoconstriction. The vasoconstriction will be maximal in the following organ:
Bowels
Heart
Adrenals
Kidneys
Brain
127 із 200
Examination of a 12 year old boy with developmental lag revealed achondroplasia: disproportional constitution with evident shortening of upper and lower limbs as a result of growth disorder of epiphyseal cartilages of long tubal bones. This disease is:
Inherited, dominant
Inherited, sex-linked
Inherited, recessive
Acquired
Congenital
128 із 200
A patient was diagnosed with autoimmune hemolitic cytotoxic anemia. What substances are antigens in II type allergic reactions?
Modified receptors of cell membranes
Inflammation modulators
Serum proteins
Antibiotics
Hormones
129 із 200
While performing an operation in the area of axillary crease a surgeon has to define an arterial vessel surrounded by fascicles of brachial plexus. What artery is it?
A.axillaris
A.transversa colli
A.profunda brachii
A.vertebralis
A.subscapularis
130 із 200
A patient takes digoxin for treatment of cardiac insufficiency. What diuretic may increase digoxin toxicity due to the intensified excretion of K + ions?
Hydrochlorothiazide
Siliborum
Lisinopril
Panangine
Spironolactone
131 із 200
During starvation muscle proteins break up into free amino acids. These compounds will be the most probably involved into the following process:
Gluconeogenesis in liver
Decarboxylation
Gluconeogenesis in muscles
Glycogenolysis
Synthesis of higher fatty acids
132 із 200
A patient ill with amebiasis was prescribed a certain drug. The use of alcohol together with this drug is contraindicated because the drug inhibits metabolism of ethyl alcohol. What drug is it?
Metronidazole
Reserpine
Aminazine
Diazepam
Clonidine
133 із 200
Surgical removal of a part of stomach resulted in disturbed absorption of vitamin B12, it is excreted with feces. The patient was diagnosed with anemia. What factor is necessary for absorption of this vitamin?
Gastromucoprotein
Folic acid
Pepsin
Hydrochloric acid
Gastrin
134 із 200
A patient ill with chronic cardiac insufficiency was prescribed an average therapeutic dose of digoxin. Two weeks after begin of its taking there appeared symptoms of drug intoxication ( bradycardia, extrasystole, nausea). Name the phenomenon that caused accumulation of the drug in the organism?
Material cumulation
Tolerance
Functional cumulation
Idiosyncrasy
Tachyphylaxis
135 із 200
In course of a preventive examination of a miner a doctor revealed changes of cardiovascular fitness which was indicative of cardiac insufficiency at the compensation stage. What is the main proof of cardiac compensation?
Myocardium hypertrophy
Tachycardia
Rise of arterial pressure
Cyanosis
Dyspnea
136 із 200
Rest potential of a cell equals —80 mV. At what stage of action potential did the membrane potential equal +30 mV?
Reverse polarization
-
After hyperpolarization
Depolarization
After depolarization
137 із 200
A 35 year old man got an injury that caused complete disruption of spinal cord at the level of the first cervical segment. What respiration changes will be observed?
It will come to a standstill
It will become infrequent and deep
No changes will be observed
Thoracic respiration will be maintained, diaphragmal respiration will disappear
Diaphragmal respiration will be maintained, thoracic respiration will disappear
138 із 200
In course of an experiment a peripheral section of vagus of an expiremental animal is being stimulated. What changes will be observed?
Heart rate fall
Heart hurry
Pupil dilation
Bronchi dilation
Increase of respiration rate
139 із 200
2 hours after a skeletal extension was performed to a 27 year old patient with multiple traumas (closed injury of chest, closed fracture of right thigh) his condition abruptly became worse and the patient died from acute cardiopulmonary decompensation. Histological examination of pulmonary and cerebral vessels stained with Sudan III revealed orange drops occluding the vessel lumen. What complication of polytrauma was developed?
Fat embolism
Air embolism
Thromboembolism
Gaseous embolism
Microbal embolism
140 із 200
In course of severe respiratory viral infection there appeared clinical signs of progressing cardiac insufficiency that caused death of a patient in the 2nd week of disease. Autopsy revealed that the heart was sluggish, with significant cavity dilatation. Histological examination of myocardium revealed plephora of microvessels and diffuse infiltration of stroma by lymphocytes and histiocytes. What disease corresponds with the described picture?
Myocarditis
Stenocardia
Acute coronary insufficiency
Myocardium infarction
Cardiomyopathy
141 із 200
A specimen stained by Ozheshko method contains rod-like microorganisms stained blue with round terminal components stained red. What are these components called?
Spores
Capsules
Mesosomas
Cilia
Flagella
142 із 200
A 38 year old patient with full-blown jaundice, small cutaneous hemorrhages, general weakness and loss of appetite underwent puncture biopsy of liver. Histological examination revealed disseminated dystrophy, hepatocyte necrosis, Councilman’s bodies. Lobule periphery has signs of significant infiltration by lymphocytes, there are also individual multinuclear hepatocytes. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Acute viral hepatitis
Toxic degeneration of liver
Miliary hepatic cirrhosis
Chronic hepatitis
Acute alcoholic hepatitis
143 із 200
A man with an injury of the dorsal area of his neck was admitted to the resuscitation department. What muscle occupies this area?
M.trapezius
M.sternocleidomastoideus
M.latissimus dorsi
M.scalenus anterior
M.rhomboideus minor
144 із 200
In course of an experiment a toad’s right labyrinth was destroyed. It will cause amyotonia of the following muscles:
Right extensors
Left flexors
Right and left extensors
Right flexors
Left extensors
145 із 200
A 20 year old patient died from intoxication 8 days after artificial illegal abortion performed in her 14-15th week of pregnancy. Autopsy of the corpse revealed yellowish colour of eye sclera and of skin, necrotic suppurative endometritis, multiple pulmonary abscesses, spleen hyperplasia with a big number of neutrophils in its sinuses. What complication after abortion was developed?
Septicopyemia
Hemorrhagic shock
Septicemia
Chroniosepsis
Viral hepatitis type A
146 із 200
A patient complains of dizziness and hearing loss. What nerve is damaged?
Vestibulocochlear
Vagus
Trochlear
Sublingual
Trigeminus
147 із 200
A 6 year old child was delivered to a hospital. Examination revealed that the child couldn’t fix his eyes, didn’t keep his eyes on toys, eye ground had the cherry-red spot sign. Laboratory analyses showed that brain, liver and spleen had high rate of ganglioside glycometide. What congenital disease is the child ill with?
Tay-Sachs disease
Niemann-Pick disease
MacArdle disease
Wilson’s syndrome
Turner’s syndrome
148 із 200
A patient has a cluster of matted together dense lymph nodes on his neck. Histological examination of a removed lymph node revealed proliferation of reticular cells, presense of Reed-Sternberg cells. What disease is meant?
Lymphogranulomatosis
Lymphocytic leukosis
Lymphoblastic leukosis
Myeloblastic leukosis
Myelocytic leukosis
149 із 200
While palpating mammary gland of a patient a doctor revealed an induration in form of a node in the inferior medial quadrant. Metastases may extend to the following lymph nodes:
Parasternal
Posterior mediastinal
Bronchopulmonary
Profound lateral cervical
Superior diaphragmal
150 із 200
A pregnant woman was registered in an antenatal clinic and underwent complex examination for a number of infections. Blood serum contained IgM to the rubella virus. What is this result indicative of?
Of primary infection
The woman is healthy
Of a chronic process
Of exacerbation of a chronic disease
Of recurring infection with rubella virus
151 із 200
Parents of a 3 year old child have been giving him antibiotics with purpose of preventing enteric infections for a long time. A month later the child’s condition changed for the worse. Blood examination revealed apparent leukopenia and granulocytopenia. What is the most probable mechanism of blood changes?
Myelotoxic
Autoimmune
Redistributive
Hemolytic
Age-specific
152 із 200
A pathological process in bronchi resulted in epithelium desquamation. What cells will regenerate bronchial epithelium?
Basal
Goblet
Ciliate
Intercalary
Endocrinal
153 із 200
A patient ill with tuberculosis died from progressing cardiopulmonary decompensation. Autopsy in the area of the right lung apex revealed a cavity 5 cm in diameter communicating with lumen of a segmental bronchus. On the inside cavity walls are covered with caseous masses with epithelioid and Langhans cells beneath them. What morphological form of tuberculosis is it?
Acute cavernous tuberculosis
Infiltrative tuberculosis
Tuberculoma
Acute focal tuberculosis
Caseous pneumonia
154 із 200
Workers of a hothouse farm work under conditions of unfavourable microclimate: air temperature is +37oC, relative humidity is 90%, air speed is 0,2 m/s. The way of heat emission under these conditions will be:
Evaporation
Heat conduction
All the ways
Convection
Radiation
155 із 200
A gynaecologist was examining a patient and revealed symptoms of genital tract inflammation. A smear from vagina contains pyriform protozoa with a spine, flagella at their front; there is also an undulating membrane. What disease can be suspected?
Urogenital trichomoniasis
Balantidiasis
Lambliasis
Intestinal trichomoniasis
Toxoplasmosis
156 із 200
A boy has I (I°I°) blood group and his sister has IV (IAIB) blood group. What blood groups do their parents have?
II (IAI°) and III (IBI0)
I (I°I°) and IV (IAIB)
II (IAIA) and III (IBI°)
I (I°I°) and III (IBI°)
III (IBI°) and IV (IAIB)
157 із 200
A patient ill with enteritis accompanied by massive diarrhea has low water rate in the extracellular space, high water rate inside the cells and low blood osmolari-ty. What is such disturbance of water-electrolytic metabolism called?
Hypo-osmolar hypohydration
Hyperosmolar hyperhydration
Osmolar hypohydration
Hypo-osmolar hyperhydration
Hyperosmolar hypohydration
158 із 200
For the purpose of myocardium infarction treatment a patient was injected with embryonal stem cells derived from this very patient by means of therapeutic cloning . What transplantation type is it?
Autotransplantation
Heterotransplantation
Allotransplantation
Isotransplantation
Xenotransplantation
159 із 200
A histological specimen of spleen shows a vessel with a wall consisting of endothelium and subendothelial layer, median membrane is absent, exterior membrane inosculates with the layers of spleen connective tissue. What vessel is it?
Vein of non-muscular type
Capillary
Arteriole
Vein of muscular type
Artery of muscular type
160 із 200
In course of a conditional experiment the development of mesenchyma cells was completely inhibited. Development of the following muscular tissue will be disturbed:
Smooth muscular tissue
Skeletal muscular tissue
Neural muscular tissue
Cardiac muscular tissue
Epidermal muscular tissue
161 із 200
A patient ill with chronic gastritis went for endogastric pH-metry that allowed to reveal decreased acidity of gastric juice. It is indicative of diminished function of the following cells:
Parietal exocrinocytes
Accessory cells
Endocrinocytes
Cervical cells
Chief exocrinocytes
162 із 200
Vagi of an experimental animal were cut on both sides. What respiration changes will be observed?
It will become deep and infrequent
It will become shallow and frequent
It will become shallow and infrequent
No changes will be observed
It will become deep and frequent
163 із 200
A 70 year old man is ill with vascular atherosclerosis of lower extremities and coronary heart disease. Examination revealed disturbance of lipidic blood composition. The main factor of atherosclerosis pathogenesis is the excess of the following lipoproteins:
Low-density lipoproteins
Cholesterol
Intermediate density lipoproteins
High-density lipoproteins
Chylomicrons
164 із 200
On the 2-3rd day after stomach resection intestinal peristalsis wasn’t restored. What is to be administered for stimulation of gastrointestinal tract?
Proserin
Acetylcholine
Cyclodole
Prasosin
Atropine sulfate
165 із 200
A cardiac electric stimulator was implanted to a 75 year old man with heart rate of 40 bpm. Thereafter the heart rate rose up to 70 bpm. The electric stimulator has undertaken the function of the following heart part:
Sinoatrial node
His’ bundle fibers
Atrioventricular node
His’ bundle branches
Purkinje’s fibers
166 із 200
A stomatologist injected a patient with a certain drug in order to reduce salivation during tooth filling. What drug is it?
Atropine sulfate
Mesaton
Proserin
Adrenaline hydrochloride
Pilocarpine hydrochloride
167 із 200
A 30 year old woman has applied a lipstick with a fluorescent substance for a long time. Then she got a limited erythema and slight peeling on her lip border, later there appeared transversal striae and cracks. Special methods of microscopic examination of the affected area helped to reveal sensibilized lymphocytes and macrophages in the connective tissue; cytolysis. What type of immunological hypersensitivity was developed?
IV type (cellular cytotoxicity)
III type (immune complex cytotoxicity)
I type (reaginic)
Granulomatosis
II type (antibody cytotoxicity)
168 із 200
A patient ill with essential arterial hypertension had a hypertensic crisis that resulted in an attack of cardiac asthma. What is the leading mechanism of cardiac insufficiency in this case?
Heart overload caused by high pressure
Absolute coronary insufficiency
Heart overload caused by increased blood volume
Blood supply disturbance
Myocardium damage
169 із 200
A man who has been taking a drug for a long time cannot withhold it because this causes impairment of psychic, somatic and vegetative functions. Name the syndrome of different disturbances caused by drug discontinuation:
Abstinence
Idiosyncrasy
Tachyphylaxis
Cumulation
Sensibilization
170 із 200
A patient consulted a stomatologist about purulent inflammation of his gums. What drug will be the most effective if it is suspected that a causative agent is an anaerobe?
Metronidazole
Gentamicin
Nitroxoline
Co-trimoxazole
Oxacillin sodium
171 із 200
Rats being under stress have muscular hypertonia and high arterial pressure, high glucose concentration in blood and intensified secretion of corticotropin and corticosteroids. In what stress phase are these animals?
Antishock phase
Shock phase
Exhaustion
Terminal
Erectile
172 із 200
Ultramicroscopical examination of 'dark' hepatocyte population in the cell cytoplasm detected a developed granular endoplasmic reticulum. What function has this organella in these cells?
Synthesis of blood plasma proteins
Bile production
Deintoxicative function
Carbohydrate synthesis
Calcium ion depositing
173 із 200
A patient came to the hospital complaining about quick fatigability and apparent muscle weakness. Examination revealed an autoimmune disease that causes disorder of functional receptor condition in neuromuscular synapses. What transmitter will be blocked?
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Noradrenalin
Glycine
Serotonin
174 із 200
Examination of a 35 year old patient revealed high acidity of gastric juice. What receptors should be blocked in order to reduce it?
Histamine
^-adrenoreceptors
( ^-adrenoreceptors
a2-adrenoreceptors
175 із 200
Examination of a young woman revealed a node-like, soft and elastic homogenous tumour of pinkish-white colour along the acoustic nerve. The tumour contains cell bundles with oval nuclei. Cellular fibrous bundles form rhythmic structures made up by parallel rows of regularly oriented cells arranged in form of a palisade with cell-free homogenous zone (Verocay bodies) between them. What tumour is it?
Neurinoma
Neuroblastoma
Ganglioneuroblastoma
Malignant neurinoma
Ganglioneurinoma
176 із 200
A 45 year old woman is ill with breast cancer. Her left arm has symptoms of lymphatic system insufficiency - limb edema, lymph node enlargement. What form of lymphatic circulation insufficiency is it?
Mechanic insufficiency
Resorption insufficiency
-
Dynamic insufficiency
Combined insufficiency
177 із 200
An endocrinal gland with parenchyma consisting of epithelium and neural tissue is under morphological examination. Epithelial trabecules have two types of cells: chromophilic and chromophobic. Identify this organ:
Hypophysis
Thyroid gland
Hypothalamus
Adrenal glands
Parathyroid gland
178 із 200
While performing an inguinal canal operation on account of hernia a surgeon damaged the canal’s contents. What exactly was damaged?
Funiculus spermaticus
Urarchus
Lig. teres uteri
-
Lig. inguinale
179 із 200
A 12 year old child has intolerance to some foodstuffs. Their consumption causes an allergic reaction in form of itching skin eruptions. What antihistaminic drug should be admistered so that the child could attend school?
Loratadine
Ephedrine
Diclofenac
Dimedrol
Aminophylline
180 із 200
A patient that entered the admi- ssion office had the following signs of acute cardiac insufficiency: paleness, acrocyanosis, frequent shallow respiration. What drug is indicated in this case?
Corglycon
Adrenaline hydrochloride
Digitoxin
Nitroglycerine
Cordiamin
181 із 200
A 26 year old man is in the torpid shock phase as a result of a car accident. In blood: 3, 2 • 109 /l. What is the leading mechanism of leukopenia development?
Redistribution of leukocytes in bloodstream
Leikopoiesis inhibition
Lysis of leukocytes in the blood-forming organs
Intensified elimination of leukocytes from the organism
Disturbed going out of mature leukocytes from the marrow into the blood
182 із 200
A patient had hemorrhagic stroke. Blood examination revealed strengthened kinin concentration.The patient was prescribed contrical. It was administered in order to inhibit the following proteinase:
Kallikrein
Pepsin
Trypsin
Collagenase
Chemotrypsin
183 із 200
A patient with bacterial pneumonia was prescribed benzylpenicillin. What is the mechanism of its antibacterial effect?
Inhibition of synthesis of microorganism wall
Inhibition of intracellular protein synthesis
Inhibition of SH-groups of microorganism enzymes
Abnormal permeability of cytoplasmic membrane
Antagonism with p-amino-benzoic acid
184 із 200
Hartnup disease is caused by point mutation of only one gene which results in disturbance of tryptophane absorption in the bowels and its resorption in the renal tubules. It is the reason for disorder of both digestive and urination systems. What genetic phenomenon is observed in this case?
Pleiotropy
Codominance
Complementary interaction
Polymery
Semidominance
185 із 200
A patient who has been treated in a neural clinic and has been taking a sedative for a long time got the following complication: cough, rhinitis, epiphora. What drug caused these disturbances?
Sodium bromide
Reserpine
Diazepam
Valerian
Phenazepam
186 із 200
In order to accelerate healing of a radiation ulcer a vitamin drug was administered. What drug is it?
Retinol acetate
Methyluracil
Levamisole
Retabolil
Prednisolone
187 із 200
Inoculum from pharynx of a patient ill with angina was inoculated into blood-tellurite agar. It resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies 4-5 mm in diameter. Grampositive bacilli with clublike thickenings on their ends placed in form of spread wide apart fingers are visible by microscope. What microorganisms are these?
Diphtheria corynebacteria
Streptococci
Botulism clostridia
Streptobacilli
Diphtheroids
188 із 200
Plasmic factors of blood coagulation are exposed to post-translational modification with the participation of vitamin K. It is necessary as a cofactor in the enzyme system of 7-carboxylation of protein factors of blood coagulation due to the increased affinity of their molecules with calcium ions. What amino acid is carboxylated in these proteins?
Glutamic
Arginine
Serine
Valine
Phenylalanine
189 із 200
Pharmacological effects of antidepressants are connected with inhibition of an enzyme catalyzing biogenic amines noradrenaline and serotonine in the mi-tochondrions of cerebral neurons. What enzyme participates in this process?
Monoamine oxidase
Transaminase
Lyase
Decarboxylase
Peptidase
190 із 200
An oncological patient was prescribed methotrexate. With the lapse of time target cells of the tumour lost susceptibility to this drug. There is change of gene expression of the folowing enzyme:
Dehydrofolate reductase
Thiaminase
Folate oxidase
Deaminase
Folate decarboxylase
191 із 200
As a result of prophylactic medical examination a 7 year old boy was diagnosed with LeschNyhan syndrome (only boys fall ill with it). The boy’s parents are healthy but his grandfather by his mother’s side suffers from the same disease. What type of disease inheritance is it?
Recessive, sex-linked
Autosomal dominant
Dominant, sex-linked
Autosomal recessive
Semidominance
192 із 200
Planned mass vaccination of all newborn 5-7 day old children against tuberulosis plays an important role in tuberculosis prevention. In this case the following vaccine is applied:
BCG
-
Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
Adsorbed diphtheria vaccine
Diphtheria and tetanus anatoxin vaccine
193 із 200
A patient with hypertensic crisis was admitted to the cardiological department, he was injected intravenously with an anti- hypertensive drug - salt of an alkaline-earth metal. What drug was injected?
Magnesium sulfate
Potassium chloride
Sodium hydrocarbonate
Benzohexamethonium
Calcium lactate
194 із 200
In course of a small pelvis operation it became necessary to ligate an ovarian artery. What formation may be accidentally ligated together with it?
Ureter
Urethra
Round ligament of uterus
Uterine tube
Internal iliac vein
195 із 200
A patient with acute morphine poisoning was delivered to a hospital. What specific narcotic antagonist should be chosen in this case?
Naloxone
Paracetamol
Methacin
Digoxin
Unithiol
196 із 200
The upper lobe of the right lung is enlarged, grey and airless, the inscisi-on surface is dripping with turbid liquid, the pleura has many fibrinogenous films; microscopical examination of alveoles revealed exudate containing neutrophils, desquamated alveolocytes and fibrin fibers. The bronchus wall is intact. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Croupous pneumonia
Interstitial pneumonia
Pulmonary abscess
Focal pneumonia
Influenzal pneumonia
197 із 200
A 28 year old patient had high arterial pressure, hematuria and facial edemata. In spite of treatment renal insufficiency was progressing. 6 months later the patient died from uremia. Microscopic examination of his kidneys and their glomerules revealed proliferation of capsule nephrothelium and of podocytes with 'demilune' formation, sclerosis and hyalinosis of glomerules. What disease corresponds with the described picture?
Subacute glomerulonephritis
Nephrotic syndrome
Acute glomerulonephritis
Acute pyelonephritis
Chronic glomerulonephritis
198 із 200
A patient with a knife wound in the left lumbal part was delivered to the emergency hospital. In course of operation a surgeon found that internal organs were not damaged but the knife injured one of muscles of renal pelvis. What muscle is it?
Greater psoas muscle
Abdominal internal oblique muscle
Abdominal external oblique muscle
Iliac muscle
Erector muscle of spine
199 із 200
A man with a stab wound in the area of quadrilateral foramen applied to a doctor. Examination revealed that the patient was unable to draw his arm asi- de from his body. What nerve is most probably damaged?
N. axillaris
N.radialis
N.subclavius
N.medianus
N.ulnaris
200 із 200
Autopsy of a man ill with severe hypothyroidism revealed that connective tissue, organ stroma, adipose and cartilaginous tissues were swollen, semitransparent, mucus-like. Microscopic examination of tissues revealed stellate cells having processes with mucus between them. What type of dystrophy is it?
Stromal-vascular carbohydrate
Stromal-vascular proteinaceous
Stromal-vascular adipose
Parenchymatous adipose
Parenchymatous proteinaceous