Step 1 - Medicine 2008

After consumption of rich food a patient has nausea and heartburn, steatorrhea. This condition might be caused by:

Increased lipase secretion

Amylase deficiency

Disturbed phospholipase synthesis

Disturbed tripsin synthesis

Bile acid deficiency

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An infant has apparent diarrhea resulting from improper feeding. One of the main diarrhea effects is plentiful excretion of sodium bicarbonate. What form of acid-base balance disorder is the case?

Respiratory alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis

No disorders of acid-base balance will be observed

Respiratory acidosis

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A3 year old child with fever was given aspirin. It resulted in intensified erythrocyte haemolysis. Hemolytic anemia might have been caused by congenital insufficiency of the following enzyme:

Glucose 6-phosphatase

Glycogen phosphorylase

y-glutamiltransferase

Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase

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A patient is ill with diabetes melli-tus accompanied by hyperglycemia on an empty stomach (7,2 millimole/l). The hyperglycemia rate can be retrospectively estimated (over the last 4-8 weeks before the examination) on the ground of the rate of the following blood plasma protein:

Ceruloplasmin

Albumin

Glycated hemoglobin

Fibrinogen

C -reactive protein

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In course of laparotomy a surgeon revealed gangrenous lesion of descending colon. It was caused by thrombosis of the following artery:

Sinister colic

Ileocolic

Superior mesenteric artery

Dexter colic

Median colic

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A 37 year old patient suffering from obliterating vascular endarteritis of lower limbs takes daily 60 microgram/kilogram of phenylin. Because of presentations of convulsive disorder ( craniocerebral trauma in anamnesis) he was prescribed phenobarbital. Withholding this drug caused nasal hemorhage. What is this complication connected with?

Induction of enzymes of microsomal oxidation in liver caused by phenobarbital

Oxidative deamination of phenylin

Aliphatic hydroxylation of phenobarbi-tal

Conjugation of phenylin with glucuronic acid

Inhibition of microsomal oxidation in liver caused by phenobarbital

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A 60 year old patient has impaired perception of high-frequency sounds. These changes were caused by damage of the following auditory analyzer structures:

Tympanic membrane

Middle ear muscles

Main cochlea membrane near the helicotrema

Main cochlea membrane near the oval window

Eustachian tube

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Researchers isolated 5 isoenzymic forms of lactate dehydrogenase from the human blood serum and studied their properties. What property indicates that the isoenzymic forms were isolated from the same enzyme?

The same physicochemical properties

Catalyzation of the same reaction

The same molecular weight

The same electrophoretic mobility

Tissue localization

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It was proved that a molecule of immature mRNA (precursor mRNA) contained more triplets than amino acids found in the synthesized protein. The reason for that is that translation is normally preceded by:

Replication

Initiation

Processing

Mutation

Reparation

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A patient has low rate of magnesium ions that are necessary for affixion of ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum. It is known that it causes disturbance of protein biosynthesis. At what stage is protein biosynthesis impaired?

Transcription

Replication

Amino acid activation

Translation

Termination

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A student takes notes of a lecture. Quality of his notes became significantly worse when his neighbours began talking. What type of conditional reflex inhibition was the cause of it?

Differentiated

Extinctive

External

Protective

Delayed

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A patient ill with neurodermatitis has been taking prednisolone for a long time. Examination revealed high rate of sugar in his blood. This complication is caused by the drug influence upon the following link of carbohydrate metabolism:

Gluconeogenesis activation

Glycogenogenesis activation

Inhibition of glycogen synthesis

Intensification of glucose absorption in the bowels

Activation of insulin decomposition

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Labelled amino acids alanine and tryptophane were injected to a mouse in order to study localization of protein synthesis in its cells. The labelled amino acids will be accumulated near the following organellas:

Lysosomes

Ribosomes

Golgi apparatus

Cell centre

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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A patient with frequent attacks of stenocardia was prescribed sustak-forte to be taken one tablet twice a day. At first the effect was positive but on the second day stenocardia attacks resumed. What can explain inefficiency of the prescribed drug?

Tachyphylaxis

Sensibilization

Dependence

Cumulation

Idiosyncrasy

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Inflammation of the tympanic cavity (purulent otitis media) was complicated by inflammation of mammillary process sockets. What wall of tympanic cavity did the pus penetrate into the sockets through?

Superior

Lateral

Medial

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In order to speed up healing of a wound of oral mucosa a patient was prescribed a drug that is a thermostable protein occuring in tears, saliva, mother’s milk as well as in a new-laid hen’s egg. It is known that this protein is a factor of natural resistance of an organism. What is it called?

Complement

Interferon

Imanine

Lysozyme

Interleukin

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An aged man had raise of arterial pressure under a stress. It was caused by activation of:

Functions of thyroid gland

Functions of adrenal cortex

Hypophysis function

Sympathoadrenal system

Parasympathetic nucleus of vagus

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A 20 year old patient complains of general weakness, dizziness, quick fatigability. Blood analysis results: Hb- 80 g/l. Microscopical examination results: erythrocytes are of modified form. This condition might be caused by:

Acute intermittent porphyria

Obturative jaundice

Hepatocellular jaundice

Addison’s disease

Sickle-cell anemia

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Blood minute volume of a 30 year old woman at rest is 5 l/m. What blood volume is pumped through the pulmonary vessels per minute?

3,75 l

5 l

2,0 l

2,5 l

1,5 l

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As a result of long-term starvation the glomerular filtration of a man was accelerated by 20%. The most probable cause of filtration changes under such conditions is:

Increased permeability of renal filter

Fall of oncotic pressure of blood plasma

Rise of systemic arterial pressure

Growth of filtration coefficient

Increase of renal plasma flow

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A patient has yellow skin colour, dark urine, dark-yellow feces. What substance will have strengthened concentration in the blood serum?

Verdoglobin

Mesobilirubin

Conjugated bilirubin

Biliverdin

Unconjugated bilirubin

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A patient consulted a doctor about symmetric dermatitis of open skin areas. It was found out that the patient lived mostly on cereals and ate too little meat, milk and eggs. What vitamin deficiency is the most evident?

Folic acid

Tocopherol

Nicotinamide

Biotin

Calciferol

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A 46 year old patient applied to a doctor complaining about joint pain that becomes stronger the day before weather changes. Blood examination revealed strengthened concentration of uric acid. The most probable cause of the disease is the intensified disintegration of the following substance:

Cytidine monophosphate

Uridine triphosphate

Adenosine monophosphate

Thymidine monophosphate

Uridine monophosphate

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A 38 year old patient suffers from rheumatism in its active phase. What laboratory characteristic of blood serum is of diagnostic importance in case of this pathology?

Creatinine

Uric acid

C-reactive protein

Urea

Transferrin

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ECG of a patient with hyperfunction of thyroid gland showed heart hurry. It is indicated by depression of the following ECG element:

P — Q segment

P — T interval

QRS complex

R — R interval

P — Q interval

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A 62 year woman complains of frequent pain attacks in the area of her chest and backbone, rib fractures. Her doctor suspected myeloma (plasmocytoma). What of the following laboratory characteristics will be of the greatest diagnostic importance?

Paraproteinemia

Hyperalbuminemia

Hypoglobulinemia

Hypoproteinemia

Proteinuria

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While playing volleyball a sportsman made a jump and landed on the outside edge of his foot. He felt acute pain in the talocrural joint, active movements are limited, passive movements are unlimited but painful. A bit later there appeared a swelling in the area of external ankle, the skin became red and warm. What type of peripheral circulation disturbance is the case?

Stasis

Venous hyperemia

Embolism

Thrombosis

Arterial hyperemia

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Bacterioscopic examination of a smear from the pharynx of a diphtheria suspect revealed bacilli with volutine granules. What etiotropic drug should be chosen in this case?

Interferon

Diphtheritic anatoxin

Eubiotic

Antidiphtheritic antitoxic serum

Bacteriophage

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A patient underwent an operation on account of gall bladder excision that resulted in obstruction of Ca absorption through the bowels wall. What vitamin wil stimulate this process?

B12

C

K

D:i

PP

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A woman underwent an operation on account of extrauterine (tubal) pregnancy. In course of the operation the surgeon should ligate the branches of the following arteries:

Inferior cystic and ovarian

Uterine and ovarian

Uterine and inferior cystic

Superior cystic and ovarian

Uterine and superior cystic

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A 6 month old baby ill with bronchitis was taken for an X-ray of chest. Apart of changes associated with bronchi the X-ray film showed a shadow of thymus gland. What might have caused such changes?

It is caused by neoplastic process

It’s the effect of bronchitis

The above-mentioned condition is a normal variant for this age

It is caused by thymus inflammation

It is caused by abnormal position

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A patient complains of frequent diarrheas, especially after consumption of rich food, weight loss. Laboratory examination revealed steatorrhea; his feces were hypocholic. What might have caused such condition?

Lack of pancreatic phospholipase

Unbalanced diet

Lack of pancreatic lipase

Inflammation of mucous membrane of small intestine

Obturation of biliary tracts

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Examination of a patient with pustular skin lesions allowed to isolate a causative agent that forms in the blood agar roundish yellow middle-sized colonies surrounded by haemolysis zone. Smears from the colonies contain irregularshaped clusters of gram-positive cocci. The culture is oxidase- and catalasepositive, ferments mannitol and synthesizes plasmocoagulase. What causative agent was isolated?

Streptococcus pyogenes

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus agalactiae

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A 65 year old man suffering from gout complains of kidney pain. Ultrasound examination revealed renal calculi. The most probable cause of calculi formation is the strengthened concentration of the following substance:

Uric acid

Urea

Cholesterol

Cystine

Bilirubin

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Microscopic examination of a Gram-stained scrape from patient’s tongue revealed oval, round, elongated chains of dark-violet gemmating cells. What disease can be caused by this causative agent?

Staphylococcic infection

Diphtheria

Actinomycosis

Streptococcic infection

Candidosis

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A 44 year old woman complains of general weakness, heart pain, significant increase of body weight. Objectively: moon face, hirsutism, AP is 165/100 mm Hg, height - 164 cm, weight - 103 kg; the fat is mostly accumulated on her neck, thoracic girdle, belly. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of obesity?

Increased production of glucocorticoids

Increased mineralocorticoid production

Increased insulin production

Reduced glucagon production

Reduced production of thyroid hormones

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Blood of a patient with presumable sepsis was inoculated into sugar broth. There appeared bottom sediment. Repeated inoculation into blood agar caused growth of small transparent round colonies surrounded by hemolysis zone. Examination of a smear from the sediment revealed gram-positive cocci in form of long chains. What microorganisms are present in blood of this patient?

Staphylococci

Streptococci

Tetracocci

Micrococci

Sarcina

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2 years ago a patient underwent resection of pyloric part of stomach. He complains of weakness, periodical dark shadows beneath his eyes, dyspnea. In blood: Hb - 70 g/l, erythrocytes - 3,0 • 1012//, colour index - 0,7 What changes of erythrocytes in blood smears are the most typical for this condition?

Ovalocytes

Schizocytes

Megalocytes

Microcytes

Macrocytes

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A patient is ill with hepatocirrhosis. State of antitoxic liver function can be characterized by examination of the following substance exreted by urine:

Amino acids

Creatinine

Ammonium salts

Uric acid

Hippuric acid

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The territory of an old burial ground for animal refuse that hasn’t been used for over 50 years is meant for house building. But soil investigation showed the presense of viable spores of a causative agent causing a very dangerous disease. What microorganism might have been preserved in soil for such a long period of time?

Mycobacterium bovis

Yersinia pestis

Bacillus anthracis

Brucella abortus

Francisella tularensis

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Autopsy of a man who had been working as a miner for many years and died from cardiopulmonary decompensation revealed that his lungs were airless, sclerosed, their apexex had emphysematous changes, the lung surface was greyish-black, the incised lung tissue was coal-black. What disease caused death?

Asbestosis

Aluminosis

Silicosis

Anthracosis

Talcosis

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Microscopy of stained (Ziehl-Neelsen staining) smears taken from the sputum of a patient with chronic pulmonary disease revealed red bacilli. What property of tuberculous bacillus was shown up?

Alkali resistance

Sporification

Capsule formation

Acid resistance

Alcohol resistance

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Parents of a 10 year old boy consulted a doctor about extension of hair-covering, growth of beard and moustache, low voice. Intensified secretion of which hormone must be assumed?

Of progesterone

Of oestrogen

Of cortisol

Of somatotropin

Of testosterone

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Examination of coronary arteries revealed atherosclerotic calcified plaques closing vessel lumen by 1/3. The muscle has multiple whitish layers of connective tissue. What process was revealed in the myocardium?

Diffusive cardiosclerosis

Myocardium infarction

Tiger heart

Myocarditis

Postinfarction cardiosclerosis

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It was revealed that T-lymphocytes were affected by HIV. Virus enzyme -reverse transcriptase ( EVA-dependent DNA polymerase) - catalyzes the synthesis of :

Virus informational RNA on the matrix of DNA

mRNA on the matrix of virus protein

Viral DNA on DNA matrix

DNA on virus ribosomal RNA

DNA on the matrix of virus mRNA

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A 35 year old man with a trauma of his left hand was admitted to the traumatology department. Objectively: cut wound of palmar surface of left hand; middle phalanxes of II-V fingers don’t bend. What muscles are damaged?

Palmar interosseous muscles

Superficial finger flexor

Dorsal interosseous muscles

Profound finger flexor

Lumbrical muscles

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Histological examination of a skin tissue sampling revealed granulomas consisting of macrophagal nodules with lymphocytes and plasmatic cells. There are also some big macrophages with fatty vacuoles containing causative agents of a disease packed up in form of spheres (Virchow’s cells). Granulation tissue is well vascularized. What disease is this granuloma typical for?

Tuberculosis

Rhinoscleroma

Glanders

Syphilis

Lepra

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In order to estimate toxigenity of diphtheria agents obtained from patients the cultures were inoculated on Petri dish with nutrient agar on either side of a filter paper strip that was put into the centre and moistened with antidiphtheric antitoxic serum. After incubation of inoculations in agar the strip-like areas of medium turbidity were found between separate cultures and the strip of filter paper. What immunological reaction was conducted?

Agglutination reaction

Rings precipitation reaction

Precipitation gel reaction

Coomb’s test

Opsonization reaction

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A patient taking clonidine for essential hypertension treatment was using alcohol that caused intense inhibition of central nervous system. What may it be connected with?

Intoxication

Effect summation

Idiosyncrasy

Cumulation

Effect potentiating

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Examination of an ovary specimen stained by hematoxylin-eosine revealed a follicle in which follicular epithelium consisted of 1-2 layers of cubic cells. There was also a bright red membrane around the ovocyte. What follicle is it?

Mature

Primary

Secondary

Atretic

Primordial

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A patient with clinical signs of encephalitis was delivered to the infectious diseases hospital. Anamnesis registers a tick bite. Hemagglutination-inhibition reaction helped to reveal antibodies to the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis in the dilution 1:20 which is not diagnostic. What actions should the doctor take after he had got such result?

To examine the same serum

To repeat the examination with serum taken 10 days later

To repeat examination with another diagnosticum

To apply more sensitive reaction

To deny diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis

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A 40 year old man noticed a reddening and an edema of skin in the area of his neck that later developed into a small abscess. The incised focus is dense, yellowish-green. The pus contains white granules. Histological examination revealed drusen of a fungus, plasmatic and xanthome cells, macrophages. What type of mycosis is the most probable?

Candidosis

Sporotrichosis

Coccidioidomycosis

Actinomycosis

Aspergillosis

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Continuous taking of some drugs foregoing the pregnancy increase the risk of giving birth to a child with genetic defects. What is this effect called?

Blastomogenic effect

Fetotoxical effect

Embryotoxic effect

Mutagenic effect

Teratogenic effect

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A man with a wound of his limb that had been suppurating for a long time died from intioxication. Autopsy revealed extreme emaciation, dehydration, brown atrophy of liver, myocardium, spleen and cross-striated muscles as well as renal amyloidosis. What diagnosis corresponds with the described picture?

Chernogubov’s syndrome

Brucellosis

Septicopyemia

Chroniosepsis

Septicemia

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6 months after labour a woman had uterine hemorrhage. Gynaecological examination of uterine cavity revealed a dark-red tissue with multiple cavities resembling of a 'sponge'. Microscopic examination of a tumour revealed in blood lacunas atypic light epithelial Langhans cells and giant cells of syncyti-otrophoblast. What tumour is it?

Squamous cell nonkeratinous carcinoma

Chorioepithelioma

Fibromyoma

Cystic mole

Adenocarcinoma

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An animal with aortic valve insufficiency got hypertrophy of its left heart ventricle. Some of its parts have local contractures. What substance accumulated in the myocardiocytes caused these contractures?

Sodium

Carbon dioxide

Calcium

Potassium

Lactic acid

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A girl is diagnosed with adrenogenital syndrome (pseudohermaphroditism). This pathology was caused by hypersecretion of the following adrenal hormone:

Aldosterone

Adrenalin

Androgen

Estrogen

Cortisol

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In course of an experiment a big number of stem cells of red bone marrow was in some way destructed. Regeneration of which cell populations in the loose connective tissue will be inhibited?

Of lipocytes

Of fibroblasts

Of pigment cells

Of macrophags

Of pericytes

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Examination of a 70 year old patient rrevealed insulin-dependent diabetes. What drug should be administered?

Mercazolilum

Cortisone

Parathyroidin

Insulin

Glibenclamid

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A human body cools in water much faster that in the air. What way of heat emission in water is much more efficient?

Sweat evaporation

Convection

Heat radiation

Heat conduction

-

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A patient suffering from chronic cardiac insufficiency was recommended to undergo a prophylactic course of treatment with a cardiological drug from the group of cardiac glycosides that is to be taken enterally. What drug was recommended?

Digoxin

Strophanthine

Corglycon

Cordarone

Cordiamin

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An ophthalmologist used a 1% mesaton solution for the diagnostic purpose (pupil dilation for eye-ground examination). What is the cause of mydriasis induced by the drug?

Activation of Pi adrenoreceptors

Activation of M-cholinoreceptors

Activation of ai adrenoreceptors

Activation of a2 adrenoreceptors

Block of ai adrenoreceptors

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Prophylactic medical examination of a 36 year old driver revealed that his AP was 150/90 mm Hg. At the end of working day he usually hears ear noise, feels slight indisposition that passes after some rest. He was diagnosed with essential hypertension. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism in this case?

Reflexogenic

Nephric

Neurogenetic

Endocrinal

Humoral

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A cerebral trauma caused increased ammonia generation. What amino acid participates in the excretion of ammonia from the cerebral tissue?

Valine

Glutamic

Tyrosine

Lysine

Tryptophan

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While studying maximally spiralized chromosomes of human karyotype the process of cell division was stopped in the following phase:

Prophase

Anaphase

Metaphase

Interphase

Telophase

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48 hours after tuberculine test (Mantoux test) a child had a papule 10 mm in diameter on the spot of tuberculine injection. What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies these changes?

Immunocomplex cytotoxicity

Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity

Granulomatosis

Anaphylaxy

Cellular cytotoxicity

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A patient was admitted to the surgical department with suspected inflammation of Meckel’s diverticulum. What part of bowels should be examined in order to discover the diverticulum in course of an operation?

Colon ascendens

Caecum

Duodenum

Ileum

Jejunum

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Power inputs of a man were measured. In what state was this man if his power inputs were lower than basal metabolism?

Sleep

Simple work

Rest

Relaxation

Nervous tension

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Examination of a newborn boy’s genitalia revealed an urethral hiatus that opens on the undersite of his penis. What malformation is it?

Cryptorhidism

Hermaphroditism

Monorchism

Epispadia

Hypospadias

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A concentrated solution of sodium chloride was intravenously injected to an animal. This caused decreased reabsorption of sodium ions in the renal tubules. It is the result of the following changes of hormonal secretion:

Vasopressin increase

Aldosterone increase

Vasopressin reduction

Reduction of atrial natriuretic factor

Aldosterone reduction

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As a result of destruction of certain brainstem structures an animal has lost its orientative reflexes in response to strong photic stimuli. What structures were destroyed?

Black substance

Posterior tubercles of quadrigeminal plate

Red nuclei

Anterior tubercles of quadrigeminal plate

Vestibular nuclei

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Myocyte cytoplasm contains a big number of dissolved metabolites of glucose oxidation. Name one of them that turns directly into a lactate:

Pyruvate

Glycerophosphate

Oxaloacetate

Fructose 6-phosphate

Glucose 6-phosphate

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Mother of a 2 year old child consulted a stomatologist. In the period of pregnancy she was irregularly taking antibiotics for an infectious disease. Examination of the child revealed incisor destruction, yellow enamel, brown rim around the dental cervix. What drug has apparent teratogenic effect?

Doxacycline

Furosemide

Ampiox

Xantinol nicotinate

Octadine

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A 59 year old patient is a plant manager. After the tax inspection of his plant he felt intense pain behind his breastbone irradiating to his left arm. 15 minutes later his condition came to normal. Which of the possible mechanisms of stenocardia development is the leading in this case?

High catecholamine concentration in blood

Coronary thrombosis

Intravascular aggregation of blood corpuscles

Functional heart overload

Coronary atherosclerosis

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A patient recovered from Sonne dysentery and was once more infected with the same causative agent. What is such infection form called?

Superinfection

Chronic infection

Reinfection

Persisting infection

Recidivation

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A 56 year old patient came to a hospital with complaints about general weakness, tongue pain and burning, sensation of limb numbness. In the past he underwent resection of forestomach. In blood: Hb- 80 g/l; erythrocytes - 2,0 • 1012/l; colour index - 1,2, leukocytes - 3,5 • 109/l. What anemia type is it?

Posthemorrhagic

Iron-deficient

Aplastic

Hemolytic

B12-folate deficient

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A 35 year old patient applied to a doctor with complaints about having intense rhinitis and loss of sense of smell for a week. Objectively: nasal cavity contains a lot of mucus that covers mucous membrane and blocks olfactory receptors. In what part of nasal cavity are these receptors situated?

Superior nasal turbinate

Median nasal turbinate

Vestibule of nose

Common nasal meatus

Inferior nasal turbinate

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A 17 year old boy fell seriously ill, the body temperature rose up to 38,5oC, there appeared cough, rhinitis, lacrimati-on, nasal discharges. What inflammation is it?

Serous

Catarrhal

Purulent

Fibrinous

Hemorrhagic

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A patient with disturbed cerebral circulation has problems with deglutition. What part of brain was damaged?

Cervical part of spinal cord

Forebrain

Midbrain

Interbrain

Brainstem

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Vitamin B1 deficiency results in disturbance of oxidative decarboxylation of o-ketoglutaric acid. This will disturb synthesis of the following coenzyme:

Thiamine pyrophosphate

Coenzyme A

Lipoic acid

Flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD)

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)

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A chemical burn caused esophagus stenosis. Difficulty of ingestion led to the abrupt loss of weight. In blood: 3,0 • 1012/l, Hb - 106 g/l, crude protein - 57 g/l. What type of starvation is it?

Absolute

Proteinic

Water

Incomplete

Complete

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A 30 year old woman has face edemata. Examination revealed proteinuria (5,87 g/l), hypoproteinemia, dysproteinemia, hyperlipidemia. What condition is the set of these symptoms typical for?

Nephritic syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome

Chronic renal failure

Acute renal failure

Chronic pyelonephritis

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Skin of a man who died from cardiac insufficiency has an eruption in form of spots' and specks. There are also bedsores in the area of sacrum and spinous vertebral processes. Microscopical examination of CNS, skin, adrenal glands revealed in the vessels of microcirculatory bed and in small arteries destructive-proliferative endothrombovasculitis with Popov’s granulomas; interstitial myocarditis. What diagnosis corresponds with the described picture?

Nodular periarteritis

Enteric fever

HIV

Spotted fever

Q fever

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Autopsy of a man who died from the sepsis in his femoral bone revealed phlegmonous inflammation that affected the marrow, haversian canals and periosteum. Under the periosteum there are multiple abscesses, adjoining soft tissues of thigh also have signs of phlegmonous inflammation. What pathological process was described?

Osteopetrosis

Osteoporosis

-

Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis

Chronic hematogenous osteomielitis

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A patient has a decreased vasopressin synthesis that causes polyuria and as a result of it evident organism dehydratati-on. What is the mechanism of polyuria development?

Reduced glucose reabsorption

Acceleration of glomerular filtration

Reduced tubular reabsorption of protein

Reduced tubular reabsorption of Na ions

Reduced tubular reabsorption of water

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A patient with nephrotic syndrome has massive edemata of his face and limbs. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of edemata development?

Drop of oncotic blood pressure

Lymphostasis

Increase of lymph outflow

Increase of vascular permeability

Rise of hydrodynamic blood pressure

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Examination of a 55 year old woman revealed under the skin of submandibular area a movable slowly growing pasty formation with distinct borders 1,0x0,7 cm large. Histological examination revealed lipocytes that form segments of diffrent forms and sizes separated from each other by thin layers of connective tissue with vessels. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Angioma

Fibrosarcoma

Liposarcoma

Lipoma

Fibroma

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An unconscious young man with signs of morphine poisoning entered admission office. His respiration is shallow and infrequent which is caused by inhibition of respiratory centre. What type of respiratory failure is it?

Perfusive

Diffusive

Ventilative obstructive

Ventilative restrictive

Ventilative dysregulatory

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A patient with cholelithiasis fell ill with mechanic jaundice. Examinati- on revealed that the stone was in the common bile duct. What bile-excreting ducts make up the obturated duct?

Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus choledochus

Ductus hepaticus sinister et ductus cysticus

Ductus hepaticus dexter et sinister

Ductus hepaticus dexter et ductus cysti-cus

Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus cysticus

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A patient is 44 years old. Laboratory examination of his blood revealed that content of proteins in plasma was 40 g/l. What influence will be exerted on the transcapillary water exchange?

Both filtration and reabsorption will be increased

Exchange will stay unchanged

Filtration will be increased, reabsorption - decreased

Filtration will be decreased, reabsorption - increased

Both filtration and reabsorption will be decreased

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The cerebrospinal fluid is being examined for the purpose of diffrential meningitis diagnostics. At what site is the lumbal puncture safe?

Th XII-L I

L III-L IV

L I-L II

L V-SI

L II-L III

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An isolated cell of human heart automatically generates excitement impulses with frequency of 60 times per minute. This cell was taken from the following heart structure :

Atrioventricular node

Atrium

Ventricle

Sinoatrial node

His’ bundle

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Examination of a 60 year old patient revealed hyperglycemia and glucosuria. A doctor administered him a medication for internal use. What medication is it?

Pancreatine

Corglycon

Oxytocin

Glibenclamid

Furosemide

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As a result of posttranslative modifications some proteins taking part in blood coagulation, particularly prothrombin, become capable of calcium binding. The following vitamin takes part in this process:

Bi

C

B2

K

A

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Examination of a man who had been working hard under higher temperature of the environment revealed abnormal quantity of blood plasma proteins. What phenomenon is the case?

Absolute hypoproteinemia

Absolute hyperproteinemia

Paraproteinemia

Relative hyperproteinemia

Dysproteinemia

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A patient ill with thrombophlebitis of his lower limbs had chest pain, blood spitting, progressing respiratory insufficiency that led to his death. Autopsy diagnosed multiple lung infarctions. What is the most probable cause of their development?

Thromboembolism of bronchial arteries

Thrombosis of pulmonary veins

Thromboembolism of pulmonary artery branches

Thrombosis of pulmonary artery branches

Thrombosis of bronchial arteries

‹ Назад

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A woman suffering from osteochondrosis felt acute pain in her humeral articulation that became stronger when she abducted her shoulder. These symptoms might be caused by damage of the following nerve:

Dorsal scapular nerve

Axillary nerve

Throracodorsal nerve

Subclavicular nerve

Subscapular nerve

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A patient has a deep cut wound on the posterior surface of his shoulder in its middle third. What muscle might be injured?

Coracobrachial muscle

Anconeus muscle

Biceps muscle of arm

Brachial muscle

Triceps muscle of arm

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A patient has acne on his face. Mi- crospcopic examination of scrapings from the affected areas revealed living porrect vermiform arthropoda 0,2-0,5 mm large with four pairs of short extremities in the front part of their bodies. What is the laboratory diagnosis?

Pediculosis

Demodicosis

Scabies

Myiasis

Phthiriasis

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A 28 year old man had a gunshot wound of shin that resulted in an ulcer from the side of the injury. What is the main factor of neurodystrophy pathogenesis in this case?

Tissue damage

Infection

Traumatization of peripheral nerve

Microcirculation disturbance

Psychical stress

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A 45 year old man consulted a doctor about a plaque-like formation on his neck. Histological examination of a skin bi-optate revealed clusters of round and oval tumour cells with a narrow border of basophilic cytoplasm resembling of cells of basal epidermal layer. What tumour is it?

Trichoepithelioma

Basal cell carcinoma

Syringoadenoma

Hydroadenoma

Epidermal cancer

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A patient ill with essential hypertension was recommended a drug that prevents thrombosis. It is to be taken parenterally. What drug is it?

Neodicumarin

Amben

Protamine sulfate

Syncumar

Heparin

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Packed cell volume of a man was 40% before the trauma. What packed cell volume will be observed 24 hours after blood loss of 750 ml?

50 %

55 %

40 %

45 %

30%

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Two hours after an exam a student had a blood count done and it was revealed that he had leukocytosis without significant leukogram modifications. What is the most probable mechanism of leukocytosis development?

Deceleration of leukocyte migration to the tissues

Redistribution of leukocytes in the organism

Deceleration of leukocyte lysis

Leukopoiesis intensification and deceleration of leukocyte lysis

Leukopoiesis intensification

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Golgi complex exports substances from a cell due to the fusion of the membrane saccule with the cell membrane. The saccule contents flows out. What process is it?

Endocytosis

Facilitated diffusion

Exocytosis

All answers are false

Active transport

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A boy found a spider with the following morphological characteristics: it is 2 cm long, has roundish black abdomen with two rows of red spots' on its dorsal side; four pairs of jointed limbs are covered with small black hairs. What arthropod is it?

Tarantula

Solpuga

Mite

Karakurt spider

Scorpion

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A 3 year old child with symptoms of stomatitis, gingivitis and dermatitis of open skin areas was delivered to a hospital. Examination revealed inherited disturbance of neutral amino acid transporting in the bowels. These symptoms were caused by the deficiency of the following vitamin:

Pantothenic acid

Vitamin A

Cobalamin

Biotin

Niacin

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A patient with suspected diagnosis 'progressing muscular dystrophy' got his urine tested. What compound will confirm this diagnosis if found in urine?

Myoglobin

Calmodulin

Porphyrin

Collagen

Kreatine

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A patient being treated for viral hepatitis type B got symptoms of hepatic insufficiency. What blood changes indicative of protein metabolism disorder will be observed in this case?

Absolute hypoalbuminemia

Proteinic blood composition is unchanged

Absolute hyperfibrinogenemia

Absolute hyperglobulinemia

Absolute hyperalbuminemia

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A pregnant woman had her blood group identified. Reaction of erythrocyte agglutination with standard serums of 0aft (I), Ba (III) groups didn’t proceed with standard serum of Aft (II) group. The blood group under examination is:

Ba (III)

AB (IV)

0 aft (I )

Aft (II)

-

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A sensitive neural ganglion consists of roundish neurocytes with one extension that divides into axon and dendrite at some distance from the perikaryon. What are these cells called?

Apolar

Pseudounipolar

Multipolar

Bipolar

Unipolar

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A doctor examined a child and revealed symptoms of rachitis. Development of this desease was caused by deficiency of the following compound:

Naphtaquinone

1,25 [OH]-dichydroxycholecalciferol

Biotin

Retinol

Tocopherol

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An embryo displays disturbed process of dorsal mesoderm segmentation and somite formation. What part of skin will have developmental abnormalities?

Epidermis

Sebaceous glands

Hair

Sudoriferous glands

Derma

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It was found out that some compounds, for instance fungi toxins and some antibiotics can inhibit activity of ENA-polymerase. What process will be disturbed in a cell in case of inhibition of this enzyme?

Translation

Replication

Reparation

Processing

Transcription

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A 7 year old child is ill with bronchitis. It is necessary to administer him an antibacterial drug. What drug of fluoroquinolone group is CONTRAINDICATED at this age?

Amoxicillin

Cyprofloxacin

Ampiox

Ampicillin

Sulfadimethoxine

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A culture of monkey cells (Vero) and a group of mouse sucklings were infected with an inoculum taken from a child with provisional diagnosis 'enterovirus infection'. There was no cytopathic effect on the cell culture but mouse sucklings died. What enteric viruses might have caused disease of this child?

Unclassified enteric viruses 68-71

ECHO virus

Polioviruses

Coxsackie A

Coxsackie B

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A patient died from cardiopulmonary decompensation. Histological examination revealed diffused pulmonary lesion together with interstitial edema, infiltration of tissue by limphocytes, macrophages, plasmocytes; pulmonary fibrosis, panacinar emphysema. What disease corresponds with the described picture?

Bronchial asthma

Chronic bronchitis

Fibrosing alveolitis

Bronchopneumonia

Pulmonary atelectasis

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Vagus branches that innervate heart are being stimulated in course of an experiment. As a result of it the excitement conduction from atria to the ventricles was brought to a stop. It is caused by electrophysical changes in the following structures:

Ventricles

Sinoatrial node

Atria

Atrioventricular node

His’ bundle

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If a man has an attack of bronchi-ospasm it is necessary to reduce the effect of vagus on smooth muscles of bronchi. What membrane cytoreceptors should be blocked for this purpose?

3- adrenoreceptors

N-cholinoreceptors

M-cholinoreceptors

^-adrenoreceptors

a- and 3-adrenoreceptors

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A patient of surgical department complains about pain in the small of her back and in the lower part of her belly; painful and frequent urination. Bacteriological examination of urine revealed gram-negative oxidase-positive rod-like bacteria forming greenish mucoid colonies with specific smell. What causative agent can it be?

Mycoplasma pneumonie

E.coli

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Proteus mirabilis

Str.pyogenes

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There are several groups of molecular mechanisms playing important part in pathogenesis of insult to cells which contributes to the pathology development. What processes are stimulated by proteinic damage mechanisms?

Acidosis

Lipid peroxidation

Osmotic membrane distension

Enzyme inhibition

Phospholipase activation

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A child was born with cleft palate. Examination revealed aorta defects and reduced number of T-lymphocytes in blood. What immunodeficient syndrome is it?

Wiskott-Aldrich

Louis-Bar

Chediak-Higashi

Swiss-type

DiGeorge

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A 16 year old boy after an illness has diminished function of protein synthesis in liver as a result of vitamin K deficiency. It will cause disturbance of:

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Erythropoietin secretion

Anticoagulant generation

Blood coagulation

Osmotic blood pressure

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Life cycle of a cell includes the process of DNA autoreduplication. As a result of it monochromatid chromosomes turn into bichromatid ones. What period of cell cycle does this phenomenon fall into?

Gi

5

G2

G0

M

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A driver who got a trauma in a road accident and is shocked has reduction of daily urinary output down to 300 ml. What is the main pathogenetic factor of such diuresis change?

Drop of arterial pressure

Increased vascular permeability

Secondary hyperaldosteronism

Drop of oncotic blood pressure

Decreased number of functioning glomerules

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Systemic arterial pressure of an adult dropped from 120/70 to 90/50 mm Hg that led to reflectory vasoconstriction. The vasoconstriction will be maximal in the following organ:

Heart

Kidneys

Brain

Adrenals

Bowels

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Examination of a 12 year old boy with developmental lag revealed achondroplasia: disproportional constitution with evident shortening of upper and lower limbs as a result of growth disorder of epiphyseal cartilages of long tubal bones. This disease is:

Congenital

Inherited, dominant

Inherited, recessive

Acquired

Inherited, sex-linked

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A patient was diagnosed with autoimmune hemolitic cytotoxic anemia. What substances are antigens in II type allergic reactions?

Antibiotics

Serum proteins

Inflammation modulators

Modified receptors of cell membranes

Hormones

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While performing an operation in the area of axillary crease a surgeon has to define an arterial vessel surrounded by fascicles of brachial plexus. What artery is it?

A.axillaris

A.vertebralis

A.transversa colli

A.profunda brachii

A.subscapularis

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A patient takes digoxin for treatment of cardiac insufficiency. What diuretic may increase digoxin toxicity due to the intensified excretion of K + ions?

Panangine

Spironolactone

Siliborum

Lisinopril

Hydrochlorothiazide

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During starvation muscle proteins break up into free amino acids. These compounds will be the most probably involved into the following process:

Gluconeogenesis in muscles

Glycogenolysis

Synthesis of higher fatty acids

Decarboxylation

Gluconeogenesis in liver

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A patient ill with amebiasis was prescribed a certain drug. The use of alcohol together with this drug is contraindicated because the drug inhibits metabolism of ethyl alcohol. What drug is it?

Reserpine

Clonidine

Metronidazole

Aminazine

Diazepam

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Surgical removal of a part of stomach resulted in disturbed absorption of vitamin B12, it is excreted with feces. The patient was diagnosed with anemia. What factor is necessary for absorption of this vitamin?

Gastromucoprotein

Pepsin

Gastrin

Folic acid

Hydrochloric acid

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A patient ill with chronic cardiac insufficiency was prescribed an average therapeutic dose of digoxin. Two weeks after begin of its taking there appeared symptoms of drug intoxication ( bradycardia, extrasystole, nausea). Name the phenomenon that caused accumulation of the drug in the organism?

Tolerance

Material cumulation

Idiosyncrasy

Functional cumulation

Tachyphylaxis

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In course of a preventive examination of a miner a doctor revealed changes of cardiovascular fitness which was indicative of cardiac insufficiency at the compensation stage. What is the main proof of cardiac compensation?

Rise of arterial pressure

Dyspnea

Myocardium hypertrophy

Cyanosis

Tachycardia

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Rest potential of a cell equals —80 mV. At what stage of action potential did the membrane potential equal +30 mV?

After hyperpolarization

Depolarization

-

After depolarization

Reverse polarization

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A 35 year old man got an injury that caused complete disruption of spinal cord at the level of the first cervical segment. What respiration changes will be observed?

Thoracic respiration will be maintained, diaphragmal respiration will disappear

It will become infrequent and deep

Diaphragmal respiration will be maintained, thoracic respiration will disappear

No changes will be observed

It will come to a standstill

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In course of an experiment a peripheral section of vagus of an expiremental animal is being stimulated. What changes will be observed?

Bronchi dilation

Increase of respiration rate

Pupil dilation

Heart rate fall

Heart hurry

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2 hours after a skeletal extension was performed to a 27 year old patient with multiple traumas (closed injury of chest, closed fracture of right thigh) his condition abruptly became worse and the patient died from acute cardiopulmonary decompensation. Histological examination of pulmonary and cerebral vessels stained with Sudan III revealed orange drops occluding the vessel lumen. What complication of polytrauma was developed?

Gaseous embolism

Air embolism

Fat embolism

Microbal embolism

Thromboembolism

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In course of severe respiratory viral infection there appeared clinical signs of progressing cardiac insufficiency that caused death of a patient in the 2nd week of disease. Autopsy revealed that the heart was sluggish, with significant cavity dilatation. Histological examination of myocardium revealed plephora of microvessels and diffuse infiltration of stroma by lymphocytes and histiocytes. What disease corresponds with the described picture?

Myocarditis

Acute coronary insufficiency

Myocardium infarction

Cardiomyopathy

Stenocardia

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A specimen stained by Ozheshko method contains rod-like microorganisms stained blue with round terminal components stained red. What are these components called?

Mesosomas

Flagella

Spores

Capsules

Cilia

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A 38 year old patient with full-blown jaundice, small cutaneous hemorrhages, general weakness and loss of appetite underwent puncture biopsy of liver. Histological examination revealed disseminated dystrophy, hepatocyte necrosis, Councilman’s bodies. Lobule periphery has signs of significant infiltration by lymphocytes, there are also individual multinuclear hepatocytes. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Toxic degeneration of liver

Miliary hepatic cirrhosis

Chronic hepatitis

Acute alcoholic hepatitis

Acute viral hepatitis

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A man with an injury of the dorsal area of his neck was admitted to the resuscitation department. What muscle occupies this area?

M.scalenus anterior

M.trapezius

M.latissimus dorsi

M.rhomboideus minor

M.sternocleidomastoideus

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In course of an experiment a toad’s right labyrinth was destroyed. It will cause amyotonia of the following muscles:

Right extensors

Left flexors

Right and left extensors

Right flexors

Left extensors

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A 20 year old patient died from intoxication 8 days after artificial illegal abortion performed in her 14-15th week of pregnancy. Autopsy of the corpse revealed yellowish colour of eye sclera and of skin, necrotic suppurative endometritis, multiple pulmonary abscesses, spleen hyperplasia with a big number of neutrophils in its sinuses. What complication after abortion was developed?

Septicopyemia

Viral hepatitis type A

Septicemia

Hemorrhagic shock

Chroniosepsis

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A patient complains of dizziness and hearing loss. What nerve is damaged?

Vestibulocochlear

Trochlear

Sublingual

Trigeminus

Vagus

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A 6 year old child was delivered to a hospital. Examination revealed that the child couldn’t fix his eyes, didn’t keep his eyes on toys, eye ground had the cherry-red spot sign. Laboratory analyses showed that brain, liver and spleen had high rate of ganglioside glycometide. What congenital disease is the child ill with?

MacArdle disease

Tay-Sachs disease

Niemann-Pick disease

Wilson’s syndrome

Turner’s syndrome

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A patient has a cluster of matted together dense lymph nodes on his neck. Histological examination of a removed lymph node revealed proliferation of reticular cells, presense of Reed-Sternberg cells. What disease is meant?

Myelocytic leukosis

Lymphoblastic leukosis

Lymphogranulomatosis

Lymphocytic leukosis

Myeloblastic leukosis

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While palpating mammary gland of a patient a doctor revealed an induration in form of a node in the inferior medial quadrant. Metastases may extend to the following lymph nodes:

Profound lateral cervical

Bronchopulmonary

Superior diaphragmal

Posterior mediastinal

Parasternal

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A pregnant woman was registered in an antenatal clinic and underwent complex examination for a number of infections. Blood serum contained IgM to the rubella virus. What is this result indicative of?

Of a chronic process

Of recurring infection with rubella virus

The woman is healthy

Of exacerbation of a chronic disease

Of primary infection

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Parents of a 3 year old child have been giving him antibiotics with purpose of preventing enteric infections for a long time. A month later the child’s condition changed for the worse. Blood examination revealed apparent leukopenia and granulocytopenia. What is the most probable mechanism of blood changes?

Redistributive

Myelotoxic

Age-specific

Autoimmune

Hemolytic

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A pathological process in bronchi resulted in epithelium desquamation. What cells will regenerate bronchial epithelium?

Goblet

Ciliate

Endocrinal

Basal

Intercalary

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A patient ill with tuberculosis died from progressing cardiopulmonary decompensation. Autopsy in the area of the right lung apex revealed a cavity 5 cm in diameter communicating with lumen of a segmental bronchus. On the inside cavity walls are covered with caseous masses with epithelioid and Langhans cells beneath them. What morphological form of tuberculosis is it?

Infiltrative tuberculosis

Acute focal tuberculosis

Caseous pneumonia

Acute cavernous tuberculosis

Tuberculoma

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Workers of a hothouse farm work under conditions of unfavourable microclimate: air temperature is +37oC, relative humidity is 90%, air speed is 0,2 m/s. The way of heat emission under these conditions will be:

All the ways

Convection

Evaporation

Heat conduction

Radiation

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A gynaecologist was examining a patient and revealed symptoms of genital tract inflammation. A smear from vagina contains pyriform protozoa with a spine, flagella at their front; there is also an undulating membrane. What disease can be suspected?

Lambliasis

Toxoplasmosis

Balantidiasis

Urogenital trichomoniasis

Intestinal trichomoniasis

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A boy has I (I°I°) blood group and his sister has IV (IAIB) blood group. What blood groups do their parents have?

II (IAIA) and III (IBI°)

III (IBI°) and IV (IAIB)

I (I°I°) and III (IBI°)

II (IAI°) and III (IBI0)

I (I°I°) and IV (IAIB)

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A patient ill with enteritis accompanied by massive diarrhea has low water rate in the extracellular space, high water rate inside the cells and low blood osmolari-ty. What is such disturbance of water-electrolytic metabolism called?

Hyperosmolar hypohydration

Hyperosmolar hyperhydration

Hypo-osmolar hypohydration

Hypo-osmolar hyperhydration

Osmolar hypohydration

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For the purpose of myocardium infarction treatment a patient was injected with embryonal stem cells derived from this very patient by means of therapeutic cloning . What transplantation type is it?

Isotransplantation

Heterotransplantation

Xenotransplantation

Autotransplantation

Allotransplantation

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A histological specimen of spleen shows a vessel with a wall consisting of endothelium and subendothelial layer, median membrane is absent, exterior membrane inosculates with the layers of spleen connective tissue. What vessel is it?

Arteriole

Vein of non-muscular type

Capillary

Artery of muscular type

Vein of muscular type

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In course of a conditional experiment the development of mesenchyma cells was completely inhibited. Development of the following muscular tissue will be disturbed:

Neural muscular tissue

Skeletal muscular tissue

Smooth muscular tissue

Epidermal muscular tissue

Cardiac muscular tissue

‹ Назад

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A patient ill with chronic gastritis went for endogastric pH-metry that allowed to reveal decreased acidity of gastric juice. It is indicative of diminished function of the following cells:

Chief exocrinocytes

Cervical cells

Endocrinocytes

Accessory cells

Parietal exocrinocytes

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Vagi of an experimental animal were cut on both sides. What respiration changes will be observed?

No changes will be observed

It will become shallow and infrequent

It will become shallow and frequent

It will become deep and infrequent

It will become deep and frequent

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A 70 year old man is ill with vascular atherosclerosis of lower extremities and coronary heart disease. Examination revealed disturbance of lipidic blood composition. The main factor of atherosclerosis pathogenesis is the excess of the following lipoproteins:

Chylomicrons

High-density lipoproteins

Low-density lipoproteins

Intermediate density lipoproteins

Cholesterol

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Далі ›

On the 2-3rd day after stomach resection intestinal peristalsis wasn’t restored. What is to be administered for stimulation of gastrointestinal tract?

Atropine sulfate

Prasosin

Proserin

Acetylcholine

Cyclodole

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A cardiac electric stimulator was implanted to a 75 year old man with heart rate of 40 bpm. Thereafter the heart rate rose up to 70 bpm. The electric stimulator has undertaken the function of the following heart part:

Purkinje’s fibers

His’ bundle fibers

Sinoatrial node

His’ bundle branches

Atrioventricular node

‹ Назад

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A stomatologist injected a patient with a certain drug in order to reduce salivation during tooth filling. What drug is it?

Atropine sulfate

Pilocarpine hydrochloride

Proserin

Adrenaline hydrochloride

Mesaton

‹ Назад

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A 30 year old woman has applied a lipstick with a fluorescent substance for a long time. Then she got a limited erythema and slight peeling on her lip border, later there appeared transversal striae and cracks. Special methods of microscopic examination of the affected area helped to reveal sensibilized lymphocytes and macrophages in the connective tissue; cytolysis. What type of immunological hypersensitivity was developed?

III type (immune complex cytotoxicity)

II type (antibody cytotoxicity)

IV type (cellular cytotoxicity)

Granulomatosis

I type (reaginic)

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A patient ill with essential arterial hypertension had a hypertensic crisis that resulted in an attack of cardiac asthma. What is the leading mechanism of cardiac insufficiency in this case?

Blood supply disturbance

Heart overload caused by increased blood volume

Myocardium damage

Absolute coronary insufficiency

Heart overload caused by high pressure

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A man who has been taking a drug for a long time cannot withhold it because this causes impairment of psychic, somatic and vegetative functions. Name the syndrome of different disturbances caused by drug discontinuation:

Idiosyncrasy

Abstinence

Sensibilization

Tachyphylaxis

Cumulation

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A patient consulted a stomatologist about purulent inflammation of his gums. What drug will be the most effective if it is suspected that a causative agent is an anaerobe?

Metronidazole

Co-trimoxazole

Oxacillin sodium

Gentamicin

Nitroxoline

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Rats being under stress have muscular hypertonia and high arterial pressure, high glucose concentration in blood and intensified secretion of corticotropin and corticosteroids. In what stress phase are these animals?

Erectile

Exhaustion

Shock phase

Terminal

Antishock phase

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Ultramicroscopical examination of 'dark' hepatocyte population in the cell cytoplasm detected a developed granular endoplasmic reticulum. What function has this organella in these cells?

Synthesis of blood plasma proteins

Calcium ion depositing

Deintoxicative function

Carbohydrate synthesis

Bile production

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A patient came to the hospital complaining about quick fatigability and apparent muscle weakness. Examination revealed an autoimmune disease that causes disorder of functional receptor condition in neuromuscular synapses. What transmitter will be blocked?

Dopamine

Noradrenalin

Serotonin

Acetylcholine

Glycine

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Examination of a 35 year old patient revealed high acidity of gastric juice. What receptors should be blocked in order to reduce it?

( ^-adrenoreceptors

^-adrenoreceptors

Histamine

a2-adrenoreceptors

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Examination of a young woman revealed a node-like, soft and elastic homogenous tumour of pinkish-white colour along the acoustic nerve. The tumour contains cell bundles with oval nuclei. Cellular fibrous bundles form rhythmic structures made up by parallel rows of regularly oriented cells arranged in form of a palisade with cell-free homogenous zone (Verocay bodies) between them. What tumour is it?

Malignant neurinoma

Ganglioneurinoma

Ganglioneuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma

Neurinoma

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A 45 year old woman is ill with breast cancer. Her left arm has symptoms of lymphatic system insufficiency - limb edema, lymph node enlargement. What form of lymphatic circulation insufficiency is it?

-

Mechanic insufficiency

Resorption insufficiency

Dynamic insufficiency

Combined insufficiency

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An endocrinal gland with parenchyma consisting of epithelium and neural tissue is under morphological examination. Epithelial trabecules have two types of cells: chromophilic and chromophobic. Identify this organ:

Parathyroid gland

Thyroid gland

Hypophysis

Hypothalamus

Adrenal glands

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While performing an inguinal canal operation on account of hernia a surgeon damaged the canal’s contents. What exactly was damaged?

Funiculus spermaticus

Lig. inguinale

Lig. teres uteri

-

Urarchus

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A 12 year old child has intolerance to some foodstuffs. Their consumption causes an allergic reaction in form of itching skin eruptions. What antihistaminic drug should be admistered so that the child could attend school?

Loratadine

Aminophylline

Ephedrine

Diclofenac

Dimedrol

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A patient that entered the admi- ssion office had the following signs of acute cardiac insufficiency: paleness, acrocyanosis, frequent shallow respiration. What drug is indicated in this case?

Corglycon

Cordiamin

Adrenaline hydrochloride

Nitroglycerine

Digitoxin

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A 26 year old man is in the torpid shock phase as a result of a car accident. In blood: 3, 2 • 109 /l. What is the leading mechanism of leukopenia development?

Leikopoiesis inhibition

Lysis of leukocytes in the blood-forming organs

Intensified elimination of leukocytes from the organism

Redistribution of leukocytes in bloodstream

Disturbed going out of mature leukocytes from the marrow into the blood

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A patient had hemorrhagic stroke. Blood examination revealed strengthened kinin concentration.The patient was prescribed contrical. It was administered in order to inhibit the following proteinase:

Chemotrypsin

Kallikrein

Trypsin

Pepsin

Collagenase

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A patient with bacterial pneumonia was prescribed benzylpenicillin. What is the mechanism of its antibacterial effect?

Inhibition of SH-groups of microorganism enzymes

Inhibition of intracellular protein synthesis

Inhibition of synthesis of microorganism wall

Abnormal permeability of cytoplasmic membrane

Antagonism with p-amino-benzoic acid

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Hartnup disease is caused by point mutation of only one gene which results in disturbance of tryptophane absorption in the bowels and its resorption in the renal tubules. It is the reason for disorder of both digestive and urination systems. What genetic phenomenon is observed in this case?

Codominance

Semidominance

Pleiotropy

Polymery

Complementary interaction

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A patient who has been treated in a neural clinic and has been taking a sedative for a long time got the following complication: cough, rhinitis, epiphora. What drug caused these disturbances?

Sodium bromide

Valerian

Diazepam

Reserpine

Phenazepam

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In order to accelerate healing of a radiation ulcer a vitamin drug was administered. What drug is it?

Levamisole

Retinol acetate

Prednisolone

Methyluracil

Retabolil

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Inoculum from pharynx of a patient ill with angina was inoculated into blood-tellurite agar. It resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies 4-5 mm in diameter. Grampositive bacilli with clublike thickenings on their ends placed in form of spread wide apart fingers are visible by microscope. What microorganisms are these?

Diphtheroids

Streptobacilli

Diphtheria corynebacteria

Botulism clostridia

Streptococci

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Plasmic factors of blood coagulation are exposed to post-translational modification with the participation of vitamin K. It is necessary as a cofactor in the enzyme system of 7-carboxylation of protein factors of blood coagulation due to the increased affinity of their molecules with calcium ions. What amino acid is carboxylated in these proteins?

Arginine

Valine

Phenylalanine

Serine

Glutamic

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Pharmacological effects of antidepressants are connected with inhibition of an enzyme catalyzing biogenic amines noradrenaline and serotonine in the mi-tochondrions of cerebral neurons. What enzyme participates in this process?

Decarboxylase

Monoamine oxidase

Transaminase

Peptidase

Lyase

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An oncological patient was prescribed methotrexate. With the lapse of time target cells of the tumour lost susceptibility to this drug. There is change of gene expression of the folowing enzyme:

Folate decarboxylase

Dehydrofolate reductase

Deaminase

Folate oxidase

Thiaminase

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As a result of prophylactic medical examination a 7 year old boy was diagnosed with LeschNyhan syndrome (only boys fall ill with it). The boy’s parents are healthy but his grandfather by his mother’s side suffers from the same disease. What type of disease inheritance is it?

Semidominance

Autosomal recessive

Autosomal dominant

Recessive, sex-linked

Dominant, sex-linked

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Planned mass vaccination of all newborn 5-7 day old children against tuberulosis plays an important role in tuberculosis prevention. In this case the following vaccine is applied:

Adsorbed diphtheria vaccine

-

Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine

BCG

Diphtheria and tetanus anatoxin vaccine

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A patient with hypertensic crisis was admitted to the cardiological department, he was injected intravenously with an anti- hypertensive drug - salt of an alkaline-earth metal. What drug was injected?

Benzohexamethonium

Calcium lactate

Magnesium sulfate

Sodium hydrocarbonate

Potassium chloride

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In course of a small pelvis operation it became necessary to ligate an ovarian artery. What formation may be accidentally ligated together with it?

Round ligament of uterus

Ureter

Uterine tube

Urethra

Internal iliac vein

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A patient with acute morphine poisoning was delivered to a hospital. What specific narcotic antagonist should be chosen in this case?

Paracetamol

Naloxone

Methacin

Unithiol

Digoxin

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The upper lobe of the right lung is enlarged, grey and airless, the inscisi-on surface is dripping with turbid liquid, the pleura has many fibrinogenous films; microscopical examination of alveoles revealed exudate containing neutrophils, desquamated alveolocytes and fibrin fibers. The bronchus wall is intact. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Interstitial pneumonia

Influenzal pneumonia

Focal pneumonia

Croupous pneumonia

Pulmonary abscess

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A 28 year old patient had high arterial pressure, hematuria and facial edemata. In spite of treatment renal insufficiency was progressing. 6 months later the patient died from uremia. Microscopic examination of his kidneys and their glomerules revealed proliferation of capsule nephrothelium and of podocytes with 'demilune' formation, sclerosis and hyalinosis of glomerules. What disease corresponds with the described picture?

Acute glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic syndrome

Subacute glomerulonephritis

Chronic glomerulonephritis

Acute pyelonephritis

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A patient with a knife wound in the left lumbal part was delivered to the emergency hospital. In course of operation a surgeon found that internal organs were not damaged but the knife injured one of muscles of renal pelvis. What muscle is it?

Iliac muscle

Greater psoas muscle

Abdominal internal oblique muscle

Erector muscle of spine

Abdominal external oblique muscle

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A man with a stab wound in the area of quadrilateral foramen applied to a doctor. Examination revealed that the patient was unable to draw his arm asi- de from his body. What nerve is most probably damaged?

N.medianus

N.subclavius

N.radialis

N. axillaris

N.ulnaris

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Autopsy of a man ill with severe hypothyroidism revealed that connective tissue, organ stroma, adipose and cartilaginous tissues were swollen, semitransparent, mucus-like. Microscopic examination of tissues revealed stellate cells having processes with mucus between them. What type of dystrophy is it?

Stromal-vascular proteinaceous

Parenchymatous proteinaceous

Stromal-vascular carbohydrate

Stromal-vascular adipose

Parenchymatous adipose

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