0%
1 із 200
00:00
After consumption of rich food a patient has nausea and heartburn, steatorrhea. This condition might be caused by:
Amylase deficiency
Bile acid deficiency
Increased lipase secretion
Disturbed phospholipase synthesis
Disturbed tripsin synthesis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An infant has apparent diarrhea resulting from improper feeding. One of the main diarrhea effects is plentiful excretion of sodium bicarbonate. What form of acid-base balance disorder is the case?
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
No disorders of acid-base balance will be observed
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A3 year old child with fever was given aspirin. It resulted in intensified erythrocyte haemolysis. Hemolytic anemia might have been caused by congenital insufficiency of the following enzyme:
Glucose 6-phosphatase
Glycogen phosphorylase
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase
y-glutamiltransferase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient is ill with diabetes melli-tus accompanied by hyperglycemia on an empty stomach (7,2 millimole/l). The hyperglycemia rate can be retrospectively estimated (over the last 4-8 weeks before the examination) on the ground of the rate of the following blood plasma protein:
Glycated hemoglobin
Ceruloplasmin
C -reactive protein
Fibrinogen
Albumin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In course of laparotomy a surgeon revealed gangrenous lesion of descending colon. It was caused by thrombosis of the following artery:
Superior mesenteric artery
Median colic
Ileocolic
Dexter colic
Sinister colic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 37 year old patient suffering from obliterating vascular endarteritis of lower limbs takes daily 60 microgram/kilogram of phenylin. Because of presentations of convulsive disorder ( craniocerebral trauma in anamnesis) he was prescribed phenobarbital. Withholding this drug caused nasal hemorhage. What is this complication connected with?
Induction of enzymes of microsomal oxidation in liver caused by phenobarbital
Aliphatic hydroxylation of phenobarbi-tal
Oxidative deamination of phenylin
Conjugation of phenylin with glucuronic acid
Inhibition of microsomal oxidation in liver caused by phenobarbital
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 60 year old patient has impaired perception of high-frequency sounds. These changes were caused by damage of the following auditory analyzer structures:
Middle ear muscles
Main cochlea membrane near the oval window
Tympanic membrane
Eustachian tube
Main cochlea membrane near the helicotrema
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Researchers isolated 5 isoenzymic forms of lactate dehydrogenase from the human blood serum and studied their properties. What property indicates that the isoenzymic forms were isolated from the same enzyme?
The same physicochemical properties
Tissue localization
Catalyzation of the same reaction
The same molecular weight
The same electrophoretic mobility
‹ Назад
Далі ›
It was proved that a molecule of immature mRNA (precursor mRNA) contained more triplets than amino acids found in the synthesized protein. The reason for that is that translation is normally preceded by:
Replication
Reparation
Processing
Mutation
Initiation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has low rate of magnesium ions that are necessary for affixion of ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum. It is known that it causes disturbance of protein biosynthesis. At what stage is protein biosynthesis impaired?
Translation
Termination
Transcription
Replication
Amino acid activation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A student takes notes of a lecture. Quality of his notes became significantly worse when his neighbours began talking. What type of conditional reflex inhibition was the cause of it?
Extinctive
Protective
Delayed
External
Differentiated
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with neurodermatitis has been taking prednisolone for a long time. Examination revealed high rate of sugar in his blood. This complication is caused by the drug influence upon the following link of carbohydrate metabolism:
Intensification of glucose absorption in the bowels
Gluconeogenesis activation
Inhibition of glycogen synthesis
Activation of insulin decomposition
Glycogenogenesis activation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Labelled amino acids alanine and tryptophane were injected to a mouse in order to study localization of protein synthesis in its cells. The labelled amino acids will be accumulated near the following organellas:
Lysosomes
Cell centre
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Ribosomes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with frequent attacks of stenocardia was prescribed sustak-forte to be taken one tablet twice a day. At first the effect was positive but on the second day stenocardia attacks resumed. What can explain inefficiency of the prescribed drug?
Cumulation
Tachyphylaxis
Dependence
Idiosyncrasy
Sensibilization
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Inflammation of the tympanic cavity (purulent otitis media) was complicated by inflammation of mammillary process sockets. What wall of tympanic cavity did the pus penetrate into the sockets through?
Medial
Lateral
Anterior
Superior
Posterior
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In order to speed up healing of a wound of oral mucosa a patient was prescribed a drug that is a thermostable protein occuring in tears, saliva, mother’s milk as well as in a new-laid hen’s egg. It is known that this protein is a factor of natural resistance of an organism. What is it called?
Lysozyme
Interleukin
Complement
Imanine
Interferon
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An aged man had raise of arterial pressure under a stress. It was caused by activation of:
Sympathoadrenal system
Hypophysis function
Functions of adrenal cortex
Parasympathetic nucleus of vagus
Functions of thyroid gland
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 20 year old patient complains of general weakness, dizziness, quick fatigability. Blood analysis results: Hb- 80 g/l. Microscopical examination results: erythrocytes are of modified form. This condition might be caused by:
Hepatocellular jaundice
Obturative jaundice
Sickle-cell anemia
Addison’s disease
Acute intermittent porphyria
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Blood minute volume of a 30 year old woman at rest is 5 l/m. What blood volume is pumped through the pulmonary vessels per minute?
2,5 l
2,0 l
5 l
3,75 l
1,5 l
‹ Назад
Далі ›
As a result of long-term starvation the glomerular filtration of a man was accelerated by 20%. The most probable cause of filtration changes under such conditions is:
Increase of renal plasma flow
Growth of filtration coefficient
Rise of systemic arterial pressure
Increased permeability of renal filter
Fall of oncotic pressure of blood plasma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has yellow skin colour, dark urine, dark-yellow feces. What substance will have strengthened concentration in the blood serum?
Unconjugated bilirubin
Conjugated bilirubin
Verdoglobin
Biliverdin
Mesobilirubin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient consulted a doctor about symmetric dermatitis of open skin areas. It was found out that the patient lived mostly on cereals and ate too little meat, milk and eggs. What vitamin deficiency is the most evident?
Folic acid
Calciferol
Nicotinamide
Biotin
Tocopherol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 46 year old patient applied to a doctor complaining about joint pain that becomes stronger the day before weather changes. Blood examination revealed strengthened concentration of uric acid. The most probable cause of the disease is the intensified disintegration of the following substance:
Uridine monophosphate
Cytidine monophosphate
Uridine triphosphate
Adenosine monophosphate
Thymidine monophosphate
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 38 year old patient suffers from rheumatism in its active phase. What laboratory characteristic of blood serum is of diagnostic importance in case of this pathology?
Uric acid
C-reactive protein
Urea
Transferrin
Creatinine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
ECG of a patient with hyperfunction of thyroid gland showed heart hurry. It is indicated by depression of the following ECG element:
R — R interval
P — Q interval
P — Q segment
P — T interval
QRS complex
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 62 year woman complains of frequent pain attacks in the area of her chest and backbone, rib fractures. Her doctor suspected myeloma (plasmocytoma). What of the following laboratory characteristics will be of the greatest diagnostic importance?
Hyperalbuminemia
Hypoglobulinemia
Hypoproteinemia
Paraproteinemia
Proteinuria
‹ Назад
Далі ›
While playing volleyball a sportsman made a jump and landed on the outside edge of his foot. He felt acute pain in the talocrural joint, active movements are limited, passive movements are unlimited but painful. A bit later there appeared a swelling in the area of external ankle, the skin became red and warm. What type of peripheral circulation disturbance is the case?
Stasis
Arterial hyperemia
Venous hyperemia
Thrombosis
Embolism
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Bacterioscopic examination of a smear from the pharynx of a diphtheria suspect revealed bacilli with volutine granules. What etiotropic drug should be chosen in this case?
Bacteriophage
Diphtheritic anatoxin
Interferon
Antidiphtheritic antitoxic serum
Eubiotic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient underwent an operation on account of gall bladder excision that resulted in obstruction of Ca absorption through the bowels wall. What vitamin wil stimulate this process?
D:i
PP
B12
K
C
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman underwent an operation on account of extrauterine (tubal) pregnancy. In course of the operation the surgeon should ligate the branches of the following arteries:
Inferior cystic and ovarian
Uterine and superior cystic
Superior cystic and ovarian
Uterine and inferior cystic
Uterine and ovarian
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 6 month old baby ill with bronchitis was taken for an X-ray of chest. Apart of changes associated with bronchi the X-ray film showed a shadow of thymus gland. What might have caused such changes?
The above-mentioned condition is a normal variant for this age
It is caused by thymus inflammation
It is caused by neoplastic process
It is caused by abnormal position
It’s the effect of bronchitis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient complains of frequent diarrheas, especially after consumption of rich food, weight loss. Laboratory examination revealed steatorrhea; his feces were hypocholic. What might have caused such condition?
Inflammation of mucous membrane of small intestine
Lack of pancreatic lipase
Lack of pancreatic phospholipase
Obturation of biliary tracts
Unbalanced diet
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a patient with pustular skin lesions allowed to isolate a causative agent that forms in the blood agar roundish yellow middle-sized colonies surrounded by haemolysis zone. Smears from the colonies contain irregularshaped clusters of gram-positive cocci. The culture is oxidase- and catalasepositive, ferments mannitol and synthesizes plasmocoagulase. What causative agent was isolated?
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Streptococcus agalactiae
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 65 year old man suffering from gout complains of kidney pain. Ultrasound examination revealed renal calculi. The most probable cause of calculi formation is the strengthened concentration of the following substance:
Uric acid
Bilirubin
Cholesterol
Urea
Cystine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Microscopic examination of a Gram-stained scrape from patient’s tongue revealed oval, round, elongated chains of dark-violet gemmating cells. What disease can be caused by this causative agent?
Diphtheria
Streptococcic infection
Staphylococcic infection
Candidosis
Actinomycosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 44 year old woman complains of general weakness, heart pain, significant increase of body weight. Objectively: moon face, hirsutism, AP is 165/100 mm Hg, height - 164 cm, weight - 103 kg; the fat is mostly accumulated on her neck, thoracic girdle, belly. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of obesity?
Increased mineralocorticoid production
Increased production of glucocorticoids
Increased insulin production
Reduced production of thyroid hormones
Reduced glucagon production
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Blood of a patient with presumable sepsis was inoculated into sugar broth. There appeared bottom sediment. Repeated inoculation into blood agar caused growth of small transparent round colonies surrounded by hemolysis zone. Examination of a smear from the sediment revealed gram-positive cocci in form of long chains. What microorganisms are present in blood of this patient?
Sarcina
Streptococci
Tetracocci
Staphylococci
Micrococci
‹ Назад
Далі ›
2 years ago a patient underwent resection of pyloric part of stomach. He complains of weakness, periodical dark shadows beneath his eyes, dyspnea. In blood: Hb - 70 g/l, erythrocytes - 3,0 • 1012//, colour index - 0,7 What changes of erythrocytes in blood smears are the most typical for this condition?
Macrocytes
Microcytes
Megalocytes
Schizocytes
Ovalocytes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient is ill with hepatocirrhosis. State of antitoxic liver function can be characterized by examination of the following substance exreted by urine:
Uric acid
Ammonium salts
Creatinine
Hippuric acid
Amino acids
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The territory of an old burial ground for animal refuse that hasn’t been used for over 50 years is meant for house building. But soil investigation showed the presense of viable spores of a causative agent causing a very dangerous disease. What microorganism might have been preserved in soil for such a long period of time?
Francisella tularensis
Mycobacterium bovis
Yersinia pestis
Bacillus anthracis
Brucella abortus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Autopsy of a man who had been working as a miner for many years and died from cardiopulmonary decompensation revealed that his lungs were airless, sclerosed, their apexex had emphysematous changes, the lung surface was greyish-black, the incised lung tissue was coal-black. What disease caused death?
Silicosis
Asbestosis
Aluminosis
Talcosis
Anthracosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Microscopy of stained (Ziehl-Neelsen staining) smears taken from the sputum of a patient with chronic pulmonary disease revealed red bacilli. What property of tuberculous bacillus was shown up?
Alkali resistance
Sporification
Capsule formation
Alcohol resistance
Acid resistance
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Parents of a 10 year old boy consulted a doctor about extension of hair-covering, growth of beard and moustache, low voice. Intensified secretion of which hormone must be assumed?
Of oestrogen
Of somatotropin
Of cortisol
Of testosterone
Of progesterone
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of coronary arteries revealed atherosclerotic calcified plaques closing vessel lumen by 1/3. The muscle has multiple whitish layers of connective tissue. What process was revealed in the myocardium?
Postinfarction cardiosclerosis
Diffusive cardiosclerosis
Tiger heart
Myocardium infarction
Myocarditis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
It was revealed that T-lymphocytes were affected by HIV. Virus enzyme -reverse transcriptase ( EVA-dependent DNA polymerase) - catalyzes the synthesis of :
Virus informational RNA on the matrix of DNA
mRNA on the matrix of virus protein
DNA on the matrix of virus mRNA
Viral DNA on DNA matrix
DNA on virus ribosomal RNA
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 35 year old man with a trauma of his left hand was admitted to the traumatology department. Objectively: cut wound of palmar surface of left hand; middle phalanxes of II-V fingers don’t bend. What muscles are damaged?
Palmar interosseous muscles
Profound finger flexor
Dorsal interosseous muscles
Lumbrical muscles
Superficial finger flexor
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Histological examination of a skin tissue sampling revealed granulomas consisting of macrophagal nodules with lymphocytes and plasmatic cells. There are also some big macrophages with fatty vacuoles containing causative agents of a disease packed up in form of spheres (Virchow’s cells). Granulation tissue is well vascularized. What disease is this granuloma typical for?
Rhinoscleroma
Syphilis
Lepra
Glanders
Tuberculosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In order to estimate toxigenity of diphtheria agents obtained from patients the cultures were inoculated on Petri dish with nutrient agar on either side of a filter paper strip that was put into the centre and moistened with antidiphtheric antitoxic serum. After incubation of inoculations in agar the strip-like areas of medium turbidity were found between separate cultures and the strip of filter paper. What immunological reaction was conducted?
Rings precipitation reaction
Coomb’s test
Agglutination reaction
Opsonization reaction
Precipitation gel reaction
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient taking clonidine for essential hypertension treatment was using alcohol that caused intense inhibition of central nervous system. What may it be connected with?
Effect summation
Cumulation
Idiosyncrasy
Intoxication
Effect potentiating
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of an ovary specimen stained by hematoxylin-eosine revealed a follicle in which follicular epithelium consisted of 1-2 layers of cubic cells. There was also a bright red membrane around the ovocyte. What follicle is it?
Secondary
Primordial
Mature
Atretic
Primary
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with clinical signs of encephalitis was delivered to the infectious diseases hospital. Anamnesis registers a tick bite. Hemagglutination-inhibition reaction helped to reveal antibodies to the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis in the dilution 1:20 which is not diagnostic. What actions should the doctor take after he had got such result?
To examine the same serum
To deny diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis
To repeat examination with another diagnosticum
To repeat the examination with serum taken 10 days later
To apply more sensitive reaction
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 40 year old man noticed a reddening and an edema of skin in the area of his neck that later developed into a small abscess. The incised focus is dense, yellowish-green. The pus contains white granules. Histological examination revealed drusen of a fungus, plasmatic and xanthome cells, macrophages. What type of mycosis is the most probable?
Candidosis
Sporotrichosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Aspergillosis
Actinomycosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Continuous taking of some drugs foregoing the pregnancy increase the risk of giving birth to a child with genetic defects. What is this effect called?
Fetotoxical effect
Mutagenic effect
Teratogenic effect
Embryotoxic effect
Blastomogenic effect
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A man with a wound of his limb that had been suppurating for a long time died from intioxication. Autopsy revealed extreme emaciation, dehydration, brown atrophy of liver, myocardium, spleen and cross-striated muscles as well as renal amyloidosis. What diagnosis corresponds with the described picture?
Septicopyemia
Chernogubov’s syndrome
Chroniosepsis
Brucellosis
Septicemia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
6 months after labour a woman had uterine hemorrhage. Gynaecological examination of uterine cavity revealed a dark-red tissue with multiple cavities resembling of a 'sponge'. Microscopic examination of a tumour revealed in blood lacunas atypic light epithelial Langhans cells and giant cells of syncyti-otrophoblast. What tumour is it?
Adenocarcinoma
Fibromyoma
Squamous cell nonkeratinous carcinoma
Chorioepithelioma
Cystic mole
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An animal with aortic valve insufficiency got hypertrophy of its left heart ventricle. Some of its parts have local contractures. What substance accumulated in the myocardiocytes caused these contractures?
Sodium
Calcium
Carbon dioxide
Potassium
Lactic acid
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A girl is diagnosed with adrenogenital syndrome (pseudohermaphroditism). This pathology was caused by hypersecretion of the following adrenal hormone:
Aldosterone
Estrogen
Androgen
Adrenalin
Cortisol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In course of an experiment a big number of stem cells of red bone marrow was in some way destructed. Regeneration of which cell populations in the loose connective tissue will be inhibited?
Of lipocytes
Of fibroblasts
Of pigment cells
Of pericytes
Of macrophags
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 70 year old patient rrevealed insulin-dependent diabetes. What drug should be administered?
Glibenclamid
Mercazolilum
Cortisone
Insulin
Parathyroidin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A human body cools in water much faster that in the air. What way of heat emission in water is much more efficient?
Sweat evaporation
-
Heat radiation
Convection
Heat conduction
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffering from chronic cardiac insufficiency was recommended to undergo a prophylactic course of treatment with a cardiological drug from the group of cardiac glycosides that is to be taken enterally. What drug was recommended?
Digoxin
Corglycon
Strophanthine
Cordiamin
Cordarone
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An ophthalmologist used a 1% mesaton solution for the diagnostic purpose (pupil dilation for eye-ground examination). What is the cause of mydriasis induced by the drug?
Block of ai adrenoreceptors
Activation of ai adrenoreceptors
Activation of a2 adrenoreceptors
Activation of M-cholinoreceptors
Activation of Pi adrenoreceptors
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Prophylactic medical examination of a 36 year old driver revealed that his AP was 150/90 mm Hg. At the end of working day he usually hears ear noise, feels slight indisposition that passes after some rest. He was diagnosed with essential hypertension. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism in this case?
Endocrinal
Nephric
Neurogenetic
Humoral
Reflexogenic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A cerebral trauma caused increased ammonia generation. What amino acid participates in the excretion of ammonia from the cerebral tissue?
Lysine
Tryptophan
Glutamic
Tyrosine
Valine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
While studying maximally spiralized chromosomes of human karyotype the process of cell division was stopped in the following phase:
Interphase
Metaphase
Prophase
Telophase
Anaphase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
48 hours after tuberculine test (Mantoux test) a child had a papule 10 mm in diameter on the spot of tuberculine injection. What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies these changes?
Immunocomplex cytotoxicity
Anaphylaxy
Cellular cytotoxicity
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
Granulomatosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient was admitted to the surgical department with suspected inflammation of Meckel’s diverticulum. What part of bowels should be examined in order to discover the diverticulum in course of an operation?
Caecum
Jejunum
Duodenum
Colon ascendens
Ileum
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Power inputs of a man were measured. In what state was this man if his power inputs were lower than basal metabolism?
Sleep
Nervous tension
Relaxation
Rest
Simple work
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a newborn boy’s genitalia revealed an urethral hiatus that opens on the undersite of his penis. What malformation is it?
Monorchism
Hermaphroditism
Cryptorhidism
Epispadia
Hypospadias
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A concentrated solution of sodium chloride was intravenously injected to an animal. This caused decreased reabsorption of sodium ions in the renal tubules. It is the result of the following changes of hormonal secretion:
Vasopressin reduction
Reduction of atrial natriuretic factor
Aldosterone reduction
Aldosterone increase
Vasopressin increase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
As a result of destruction of certain brainstem structures an animal has lost its orientative reflexes in response to strong photic stimuli. What structures were destroyed?
Anterior tubercles of quadrigeminal plate
Vestibular nuclei
Posterior tubercles of quadrigeminal plate
Red nuclei
Black substance
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Myocyte cytoplasm contains a big number of dissolved metabolites of glucose oxidation. Name one of them that turns directly into a lactate:
Glucose 6-phosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Pyruvate
Oxaloacetate
Glycerophosphate
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Mother of a 2 year old child consulted a stomatologist. In the period of pregnancy she was irregularly taking antibiotics for an infectious disease. Examination of the child revealed incisor destruction, yellow enamel, brown rim around the dental cervix. What drug has apparent teratogenic effect?
Furosemide
Ampiox
Octadine
Xantinol nicotinate
Doxacycline
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 59 year old patient is a plant manager. After the tax inspection of his plant he felt intense pain behind his breastbone irradiating to his left arm. 15 minutes later his condition came to normal. Which of the possible mechanisms of stenocardia development is the leading in this case?
Intravascular aggregation of blood corpuscles
Coronary atherosclerosis
High catecholamine concentration in blood
Functional heart overload
Coronary thrombosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient recovered from Sonne dysentery and was once more infected with the same causative agent. What is such infection form called?
Superinfection
Recidivation
Persisting infection
Reinfection
Chronic infection
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 56 year old patient came to a hospital with complaints about general weakness, tongue pain and burning, sensation of limb numbness. In the past he underwent resection of forestomach. In blood: Hb- 80 g/l; erythrocytes - 2,0 • 1012/l; colour index - 1,2, leukocytes - 3,5 • 109/l. What anemia type is it?
Iron-deficient
B12-folate deficient
Posthemorrhagic
Hemolytic
Aplastic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 35 year old patient applied to a doctor with complaints about having intense rhinitis and loss of sense of smell for a week. Objectively: nasal cavity contains a lot of mucus that covers mucous membrane and blocks olfactory receptors. In what part of nasal cavity are these receptors situated?
Inferior nasal turbinate
Common nasal meatus
Median nasal turbinate
Vestibule of nose
Superior nasal turbinate
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 17 year old boy fell seriously ill, the body temperature rose up to 38,5oC, there appeared cough, rhinitis, lacrimati-on, nasal discharges. What inflammation is it?
Purulent
Serous
Hemorrhagic
Catarrhal
Fibrinous
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with disturbed cerebral circulation has problems with deglutition. What part of brain was damaged?
Midbrain
Cervical part of spinal cord
Interbrain
Brainstem
Forebrain
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Vitamin B1 deficiency results in disturbance of oxidative decarboxylation of o-ketoglutaric acid. This will disturb synthesis of the following coenzyme:
Thiamine pyrophosphate
Flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
Lipoic acid
Coenzyme A
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A chemical burn caused esophagus stenosis. Difficulty of ingestion led to the abrupt loss of weight. In blood: 3,0 • 1012/l, Hb - 106 g/l, crude protein - 57 g/l. What type of starvation is it?
Water
Complete
Proteinic
Absolute
Incomplete
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 30 year old woman has face edemata. Examination revealed proteinuria (5,87 g/l), hypoproteinemia, dysproteinemia, hyperlipidemia. What condition is the set of these symptoms typical for?
Chronic renal failure
Nephritic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome
Chronic pyelonephritis
Acute renal failure
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Skin of a man who died from cardiac insufficiency has an eruption in form of spots' and specks. There are also bedsores in the area of sacrum and spinous vertebral processes. Microscopical examination of CNS, skin, adrenal glands revealed in the vessels of microcirculatory bed and in small arteries destructive-proliferative endothrombovasculitis with Popov’s granulomas; interstitial myocarditis. What diagnosis corresponds with the described picture?
Enteric fever
Q fever
Nodular periarteritis
Spotted fever
HIV
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Autopsy of a man who died from the sepsis in his femoral bone revealed phlegmonous inflammation that affected the marrow, haversian canals and periosteum. Under the periosteum there are multiple abscesses, adjoining soft tissues of thigh also have signs of phlegmonous inflammation. What pathological process was described?
Chronic hematogenous osteomielitis
Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis
-
Osteoporosis
Osteopetrosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has a decreased vasopressin synthesis that causes polyuria and as a result of it evident organism dehydratati-on. What is the mechanism of polyuria development?
Reduced tubular reabsorption of protein
Reduced tubular reabsorption of Na ions
Reduced glucose reabsorption
Acceleration of glomerular filtration
Reduced tubular reabsorption of water
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with nephrotic syndrome has massive edemata of his face and limbs. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of edemata development?
Rise of hydrodynamic blood pressure
Drop of oncotic blood pressure
Increase of lymph outflow
Lymphostasis
Increase of vascular permeability
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 55 year old woman revealed under the skin of submandibular area a movable slowly growing pasty formation with distinct borders 1,0x0,7 cm large. Histological examination revealed lipocytes that form segments of diffrent forms and sizes separated from each other by thin layers of connective tissue with vessels. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Fibrosarcoma
Lipoma
Angioma
Fibroma
Liposarcoma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An unconscious young man with signs of morphine poisoning entered admission office. His respiration is shallow and infrequent which is caused by inhibition of respiratory centre. What type of respiratory failure is it?
Perfusive
Diffusive
Ventilative obstructive
Ventilative restrictive
Ventilative dysregulatory
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with cholelithiasis fell ill with mechanic jaundice. Examinati- on revealed that the stone was in the common bile duct. What bile-excreting ducts make up the obturated duct?
Ductus hepaticus dexter et sinister
Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus choledochus
Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus cysticus
Ductus hepaticus dexter et ductus cysti-cus
Ductus hepaticus sinister et ductus cysticus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient is 44 years old. Laboratory examination of his blood revealed that content of proteins in plasma was 40 g/l. What influence will be exerted on the transcapillary water exchange?
Both filtration and reabsorption will be increased
Exchange will stay unchanged
Filtration will be decreased, reabsorption - increased
Filtration will be increased, reabsorption - decreased
Both filtration and reabsorption will be decreased
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The cerebrospinal fluid is being examined for the purpose of diffrential meningitis diagnostics. At what site is the lumbal puncture safe?
Th XII-L I
L I-L II
L V-SI
L II-L III
L III-L IV
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An isolated cell of human heart automatically generates excitement impulses with frequency of 60 times per minute. This cell was taken from the following heart structure :
Atrium
Atrioventricular node
Sinoatrial node
His’ bundle
Ventricle
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 60 year old patient revealed hyperglycemia and glucosuria. A doctor administered him a medication for internal use. What medication is it?
Glibenclamid
Pancreatine
Oxytocin
Furosemide
Corglycon
‹ Назад
Далі ›
As a result of posttranslative modifications some proteins taking part in blood coagulation, particularly prothrombin, become capable of calcium binding. The following vitamin takes part in this process:
B2
K
C
Bi
A
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a man who had been working hard under higher temperature of the environment revealed abnormal quantity of blood plasma proteins. What phenomenon is the case?
Paraproteinemia
Absolute hyperproteinemia
Absolute hypoproteinemia
Dysproteinemia
Relative hyperproteinemia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with thrombophlebitis of his lower limbs had chest pain, blood spitting, progressing respiratory insufficiency that led to his death. Autopsy diagnosed multiple lung infarctions. What is the most probable cause of their development?
Thromboembolism of bronchial arteries
Thromboembolism of pulmonary artery branches
Thrombosis of bronchial arteries
Thrombosis of pulmonary artery branches
Thrombosis of pulmonary veins
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman suffering from osteochondrosis felt acute pain in her humeral articulation that became stronger when she abducted her shoulder. These symptoms might be caused by damage of the following nerve:
Subclavicular nerve
Dorsal scapular nerve
Axillary nerve
Subscapular nerve
Throracodorsal nerve
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has a deep cut wound on the posterior surface of his shoulder in its middle third. What muscle might be injured?
Triceps muscle of arm
Biceps muscle of arm
Anconeus muscle
Brachial muscle
Coracobrachial muscle
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has acne on his face. Mi- crospcopic examination of scrapings from the affected areas revealed living porrect vermiform arthropoda 0,2-0,5 mm large with four pairs of short extremities in the front part of their bodies. What is the laboratory diagnosis?
Phthiriasis
Myiasis
Demodicosis
Scabies
Pediculosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 28 year old man had a gunshot wound of shin that resulted in an ulcer from the side of the injury. What is the main factor of neurodystrophy pathogenesis in this case?
Microcirculation disturbance
Infection
Tissue damage
Psychical stress
Traumatization of peripheral nerve
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 45 year old man consulted a doctor about a plaque-like formation on his neck. Histological examination of a skin bi-optate revealed clusters of round and oval tumour cells with a narrow border of basophilic cytoplasm resembling of cells of basal epidermal layer. What tumour is it?
Hydroadenoma
Trichoepithelioma
Epidermal cancer
Syringoadenoma
Basal cell carcinoma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with essential hypertension was recommended a drug that prevents thrombosis. It is to be taken parenterally. What drug is it?
Protamine sulfate
Amben
Neodicumarin
Syncumar
Heparin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Packed cell volume of a man was 40% before the trauma. What packed cell volume will be observed 24 hours after blood loss of 750 ml?
30%
50 %
40 %
55 %
45 %
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Two hours after an exam a student had a blood count done and it was revealed that he had leukocytosis without significant leukogram modifications. What is the most probable mechanism of leukocytosis development?
Deceleration of leukocyte migration to the tissues
Leukopoiesis intensification
Leukopoiesis intensification and deceleration of leukocyte lysis
Deceleration of leukocyte lysis
Redistribution of leukocytes in the organism
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Golgi complex exports substances from a cell due to the fusion of the membrane saccule with the cell membrane. The saccule contents flows out. What process is it?
Endocytosis
Active transport
Facilitated diffusion
All answers are false
Exocytosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A boy found a spider with the following morphological characteristics: it is 2 cm long, has roundish black abdomen with two rows of red spots' on its dorsal side; four pairs of jointed limbs are covered with small black hairs. What arthropod is it?
Solpuga
Tarantula
Karakurt spider
Scorpion
Mite
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 3 year old child with symptoms of stomatitis, gingivitis and dermatitis of open skin areas was delivered to a hospital. Examination revealed inherited disturbance of neutral amino acid transporting in the bowels. These symptoms were caused by the deficiency of the following vitamin:
Cobalamin
Pantothenic acid
Biotin
Niacin
Vitamin A
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with suspected diagnosis 'progressing muscular dystrophy' got his urine tested. What compound will confirm this diagnosis if found in urine?
Calmodulin
Myoglobin
Porphyrin
Kreatine
Collagen
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient being treated for viral hepatitis type B got symptoms of hepatic insufficiency. What blood changes indicative of protein metabolism disorder will be observed in this case?
Absolute hyperfibrinogenemia
Proteinic blood composition is unchanged
Absolute hyperglobulinemia
Absolute hypoalbuminemia
Absolute hyperalbuminemia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A pregnant woman had her blood group identified. Reaction of erythrocyte agglutination with standard serums of 0aft (I), Ba (III) groups didn’t proceed with standard serum of Aft (II) group. The blood group under examination is:
Aft (II)
AB (IV)
Ba (III)
-
0 aft (I )
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A sensitive neural ganglion consists of roundish neurocytes with one extension that divides into axon and dendrite at some distance from the perikaryon. What are these cells called?
Unipolar
Pseudounipolar
Apolar
Multipolar
Bipolar
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A doctor examined a child and revealed symptoms of rachitis. Development of this desease was caused by deficiency of the following compound:
Retinol
1,25 [OH]-dichydroxycholecalciferol
Biotin
Tocopherol
Naphtaquinone
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An embryo displays disturbed process of dorsal mesoderm segmentation and somite formation. What part of skin will have developmental abnormalities?
Sebaceous glands
Derma
Sudoriferous glands
Hair
Epidermis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
It was found out that some compounds, for instance fungi toxins and some antibiotics can inhibit activity of ENA-polymerase. What process will be disturbed in a cell in case of inhibition of this enzyme?
Translation
Replication
Transcription
Processing
Reparation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 7 year old child is ill with bronchitis. It is necessary to administer him an antibacterial drug. What drug of fluoroquinolone group is CONTRAINDICATED at this age?
Amoxicillin
Ampiox
Ampicillin
Cyprofloxacin
Sulfadimethoxine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A culture of monkey cells (Vero) and a group of mouse sucklings were infected with an inoculum taken from a child with provisional diagnosis 'enterovirus infection'. There was no cytopathic effect on the cell culture but mouse sucklings died. What enteric viruses might have caused disease of this child?
Polioviruses
Coxsackie B
Unclassified enteric viruses 68-71
Coxsackie A
ECHO virus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient died from cardiopulmonary decompensation. Histological examination revealed diffused pulmonary lesion together with interstitial edema, infiltration of tissue by limphocytes, macrophages, plasmocytes; pulmonary fibrosis, panacinar emphysema. What disease corresponds with the described picture?
Fibrosing alveolitis
Pulmonary atelectasis
Bronchopneumonia
Chronic bronchitis
Bronchial asthma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Vagus branches that innervate heart are being stimulated in course of an experiment. As a result of it the excitement conduction from atria to the ventricles was brought to a stop. It is caused by electrophysical changes in the following structures:
His’ bundle
Ventricles
Atrioventricular node
Atria
Sinoatrial node
‹ Назад
Далі ›
If a man has an attack of bronchi-ospasm it is necessary to reduce the effect of vagus on smooth muscles of bronchi. What membrane cytoreceptors should be blocked for this purpose?
M-cholinoreceptors
^-adrenoreceptors
a- and 3-adrenoreceptors
3- adrenoreceptors
N-cholinoreceptors
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient of surgical department complains about pain in the small of her back and in the lower part of her belly; painful and frequent urination. Bacteriological examination of urine revealed gram-negative oxidase-positive rod-like bacteria forming greenish mucoid colonies with specific smell. What causative agent can it be?
E.coli
Mycoplasma pneumonie
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Proteus mirabilis
Str.pyogenes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
There are several groups of molecular mechanisms playing important part in pathogenesis of insult to cells which contributes to the pathology development. What processes are stimulated by proteinic damage mechanisms?
Acidosis
Osmotic membrane distension
Phospholipase activation
Enzyme inhibition
Lipid peroxidation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A child was born with cleft palate. Examination revealed aorta defects and reduced number of T-lymphocytes in blood. What immunodeficient syndrome is it?
Louis-Bar
Chediak-Higashi
Swiss-type
DiGeorge
Wiskott-Aldrich
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 16 year old boy after an illness has diminished function of protein synthesis in liver as a result of vitamin K deficiency. It will cause disturbance of:
Osmotic blood pressure
Anticoagulant generation
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Blood coagulation
Erythropoietin secretion
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Life cycle of a cell includes the process of DNA autoreduplication. As a result of it monochromatid chromosomes turn into bichromatid ones. What period of cell cycle does this phenomenon fall into?
G2
G0
Gi
M
5
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A driver who got a trauma in a road accident and is shocked has reduction of daily urinary output down to 300 ml. What is the main pathogenetic factor of such diuresis change?
Increased vascular permeability
Decreased number of functioning glomerules
Drop of arterial pressure
Drop of oncotic blood pressure
Secondary hyperaldosteronism
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Systemic arterial pressure of an adult dropped from 120/70 to 90/50 mm Hg that led to reflectory vasoconstriction. The vasoconstriction will be maximal in the following organ:
Heart
Adrenals
Kidneys
Bowels
Brain
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 12 year old boy with developmental lag revealed achondroplasia: disproportional constitution with evident shortening of upper and lower limbs as a result of growth disorder of epiphyseal cartilages of long tubal bones. This disease is:
Inherited, sex-linked
Congenital
Acquired
Inherited, recessive
Inherited, dominant
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient was diagnosed with autoimmune hemolitic cytotoxic anemia. What substances are antigens in II type allergic reactions?
Serum proteins
Inflammation modulators
Antibiotics
Hormones
Modified receptors of cell membranes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
While performing an operation in the area of axillary crease a surgeon has to define an arterial vessel surrounded by fascicles of brachial plexus. What artery is it?
A.subscapularis
A.vertebralis
A.profunda brachii
A.axillaris
A.transversa colli
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient takes digoxin for treatment of cardiac insufficiency. What diuretic may increase digoxin toxicity due to the intensified excretion of K + ions?
Panangine
Lisinopril
Siliborum
Spironolactone
Hydrochlorothiazide
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During starvation muscle proteins break up into free amino acids. These compounds will be the most probably involved into the following process:
Gluconeogenesis in muscles
Decarboxylation
Gluconeogenesis in liver
Synthesis of higher fatty acids
Glycogenolysis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with amebiasis was prescribed a certain drug. The use of alcohol together with this drug is contraindicated because the drug inhibits metabolism of ethyl alcohol. What drug is it?
Diazepam
Reserpine
Metronidazole
Clonidine
Aminazine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Surgical removal of a part of stomach resulted in disturbed absorption of vitamin B12, it is excreted with feces. The patient was diagnosed with anemia. What factor is necessary for absorption of this vitamin?
Gastrin
Gastromucoprotein
Hydrochloric acid
Folic acid
Pepsin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with chronic cardiac insufficiency was prescribed an average therapeutic dose of digoxin. Two weeks after begin of its taking there appeared symptoms of drug intoxication ( bradycardia, extrasystole, nausea). Name the phenomenon that caused accumulation of the drug in the organism?
Tolerance
Material cumulation
Functional cumulation
Idiosyncrasy
Tachyphylaxis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In course of a preventive examination of a miner a doctor revealed changes of cardiovascular fitness which was indicative of cardiac insufficiency at the compensation stage. What is the main proof of cardiac compensation?
Myocardium hypertrophy
Rise of arterial pressure
Cyanosis
Dyspnea
Tachycardia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Rest potential of a cell equals —80 mV. At what stage of action potential did the membrane potential equal +30 mV?
After depolarization
After hyperpolarization
-
Depolarization
Reverse polarization
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 35 year old man got an injury that caused complete disruption of spinal cord at the level of the first cervical segment. What respiration changes will be observed?
It will become infrequent and deep
It will come to a standstill
No changes will be observed
Diaphragmal respiration will be maintained, thoracic respiration will disappear
Thoracic respiration will be maintained, diaphragmal respiration will disappear
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In course of an experiment a peripheral section of vagus of an expiremental animal is being stimulated. What changes will be observed?
Increase of respiration rate
Heart rate fall
Bronchi dilation
Heart hurry
Pupil dilation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
2 hours after a skeletal extension was performed to a 27 year old patient with multiple traumas (closed injury of chest, closed fracture of right thigh) his condition abruptly became worse and the patient died from acute cardiopulmonary decompensation. Histological examination of pulmonary and cerebral vessels stained with Sudan III revealed orange drops occluding the vessel lumen. What complication of polytrauma was developed?
Thromboembolism
Air embolism
Microbal embolism
Fat embolism
Gaseous embolism
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In course of severe respiratory viral infection there appeared clinical signs of progressing cardiac insufficiency that caused death of a patient in the 2nd week of disease. Autopsy revealed that the heart was sluggish, with significant cavity dilatation. Histological examination of myocardium revealed plephora of microvessels and diffuse infiltration of stroma by lymphocytes and histiocytes. What disease corresponds with the described picture?
Cardiomyopathy
Myocarditis
Stenocardia
Myocardium infarction
Acute coronary insufficiency
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A specimen stained by Ozheshko method contains rod-like microorganisms stained blue with round terminal components stained red. What are these components called?
Flagella
Cilia
Capsules
Spores
Mesosomas
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 38 year old patient with full-blown jaundice, small cutaneous hemorrhages, general weakness and loss of appetite underwent puncture biopsy of liver. Histological examination revealed disseminated dystrophy, hepatocyte necrosis, Councilman’s bodies. Lobule periphery has signs of significant infiltration by lymphocytes, there are also individual multinuclear hepatocytes. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Acute viral hepatitis
Acute alcoholic hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis
Miliary hepatic cirrhosis
Toxic degeneration of liver
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A man with an injury of the dorsal area of his neck was admitted to the resuscitation department. What muscle occupies this area?
M.sternocleidomastoideus
M.trapezius
M.latissimus dorsi
M.scalenus anterior
M.rhomboideus minor
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In course of an experiment a toad’s right labyrinth was destroyed. It will cause amyotonia of the following muscles:
Right extensors
Left flexors
Left extensors
Right and left extensors
Right flexors
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 20 year old patient died from intoxication 8 days after artificial illegal abortion performed in her 14-15th week of pregnancy. Autopsy of the corpse revealed yellowish colour of eye sclera and of skin, necrotic suppurative endometritis, multiple pulmonary abscesses, spleen hyperplasia with a big number of neutrophils in its sinuses. What complication after abortion was developed?
Hemorrhagic shock
Septicopyemia
Chroniosepsis
Septicemia
Viral hepatitis type A
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient complains of dizziness and hearing loss. What nerve is damaged?
Vestibulocochlear
Vagus
Trigeminus
Trochlear
Sublingual
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 6 year old child was delivered to a hospital. Examination revealed that the child couldn’t fix his eyes, didn’t keep his eyes on toys, eye ground had the cherry-red spot sign. Laboratory analyses showed that brain, liver and spleen had high rate of ganglioside glycometide. What congenital disease is the child ill with?
Tay-Sachs disease
MacArdle disease
Niemann-Pick disease
Turner’s syndrome
Wilson’s syndrome
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has a cluster of matted together dense lymph nodes on his neck. Histological examination of a removed lymph node revealed proliferation of reticular cells, presense of Reed-Sternberg cells. What disease is meant?
Lymphoblastic leukosis
Myelocytic leukosis
Lymphocytic leukosis
Lymphogranulomatosis
Myeloblastic leukosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
While palpating mammary gland of a patient a doctor revealed an induration in form of a node in the inferior medial quadrant. Metastases may extend to the following lymph nodes:
Parasternal
Superior diaphragmal
Posterior mediastinal
Profound lateral cervical
Bronchopulmonary
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A pregnant woman was registered in an antenatal clinic and underwent complex examination for a number of infections. Blood serum contained IgM to the rubella virus. What is this result indicative of?
Of primary infection
Of a chronic process
Of exacerbation of a chronic disease
The woman is healthy
Of recurring infection with rubella virus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Parents of a 3 year old child have been giving him antibiotics with purpose of preventing enteric infections for a long time. A month later the child’s condition changed for the worse. Blood examination revealed apparent leukopenia and granulocytopenia. What is the most probable mechanism of blood changes?
Myelotoxic
Redistributive
Age-specific
Hemolytic
Autoimmune
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A pathological process in bronchi resulted in epithelium desquamation. What cells will regenerate bronchial epithelium?
Goblet
Ciliate
Basal
Endocrinal
Intercalary
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with tuberculosis died from progressing cardiopulmonary decompensation. Autopsy in the area of the right lung apex revealed a cavity 5 cm in diameter communicating with lumen of a segmental bronchus. On the inside cavity walls are covered with caseous masses with epithelioid and Langhans cells beneath them. What morphological form of tuberculosis is it?
Infiltrative tuberculosis
Caseous pneumonia
Acute focal tuberculosis
Acute cavernous tuberculosis
Tuberculoma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Workers of a hothouse farm work under conditions of unfavourable microclimate: air temperature is +37oC, relative humidity is 90%, air speed is 0,2 m/s. The way of heat emission under these conditions will be:
Evaporation
Convection
Heat conduction
All the ways
Radiation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A gynaecologist was examining a patient and revealed symptoms of genital tract inflammation. A smear from vagina contains pyriform protozoa with a spine, flagella at their front; there is also an undulating membrane. What disease can be suspected?
Intestinal trichomoniasis
Urogenital trichomoniasis
Balantidiasis
Lambliasis
Toxoplasmosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A boy has I (I°I°) blood group and his sister has IV (IAIB) blood group. What blood groups do their parents have?
II (IAIA) and III (IBI°)
I (I°I°) and IV (IAIB)
II (IAI°) and III (IBI0)
I (I°I°) and III (IBI°)
III (IBI°) and IV (IAIB)
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with enteritis accompanied by massive diarrhea has low water rate in the extracellular space, high water rate inside the cells and low blood osmolari-ty. What is such disturbance of water-electrolytic metabolism called?
Hyperosmolar hyperhydration
Osmolar hypohydration
Hypo-osmolar hyperhydration
Hyperosmolar hypohydration
Hypo-osmolar hypohydration
‹ Назад
Далі ›
For the purpose of myocardium infarction treatment a patient was injected with embryonal stem cells derived from this very patient by means of therapeutic cloning . What transplantation type is it?
Isotransplantation
Autotransplantation
Xenotransplantation
Allotransplantation
Heterotransplantation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A histological specimen of spleen shows a vessel with a wall consisting of endothelium and subendothelial layer, median membrane is absent, exterior membrane inosculates with the layers of spleen connective tissue. What vessel is it?
Vein of muscular type
Arteriole
Vein of non-muscular type
Capillary
Artery of muscular type
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In course of a conditional experiment the development of mesenchyma cells was completely inhibited. Development of the following muscular tissue will be disturbed:
Skeletal muscular tissue
Cardiac muscular tissue
Epidermal muscular tissue
Smooth muscular tissue
Neural muscular tissue
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with chronic gastritis went for endogastric pH-metry that allowed to reveal decreased acidity of gastric juice. It is indicative of diminished function of the following cells:
Accessory cells
Cervical cells
Parietal exocrinocytes
Endocrinocytes
Chief exocrinocytes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Vagi of an experimental animal were cut on both sides. What respiration changes will be observed?
It will become deep and infrequent
It will become deep and frequent
No changes will be observed
It will become shallow and infrequent
It will become shallow and frequent
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 70 year old man is ill with vascular atherosclerosis of lower extremities and coronary heart disease. Examination revealed disturbance of lipidic blood composition. The main factor of atherosclerosis pathogenesis is the excess of the following lipoproteins:
Chylomicrons
Low-density lipoproteins
Cholesterol
Intermediate density lipoproteins
High-density lipoproteins
‹ Назад
Далі ›
On the 2-3rd day after stomach resection intestinal peristalsis wasn’t restored. What is to be administered for stimulation of gastrointestinal tract?
Prasosin
Proserin
Atropine sulfate
Acetylcholine
Cyclodole
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A cardiac electric stimulator was implanted to a 75 year old man with heart rate of 40 bpm. Thereafter the heart rate rose up to 70 bpm. The electric stimulator has undertaken the function of the following heart part:
Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
Purkinje’s fibers
His’ bundle fibers
His’ bundle branches
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A stomatologist injected a patient with a certain drug in order to reduce salivation during tooth filling. What drug is it?
Proserin
Pilocarpine hydrochloride
Atropine sulfate
Mesaton
Adrenaline hydrochloride
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 30 year old woman has applied a lipstick with a fluorescent substance for a long time. Then she got a limited erythema and slight peeling on her lip border, later there appeared transversal striae and cracks. Special methods of microscopic examination of the affected area helped to reveal sensibilized lymphocytes and macrophages in the connective tissue; cytolysis. What type of immunological hypersensitivity was developed?
IV type (cellular cytotoxicity)
III type (immune complex cytotoxicity)
II type (antibody cytotoxicity)
I type (reaginic)
Granulomatosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with essential arterial hypertension had a hypertensic crisis that resulted in an attack of cardiac asthma. What is the leading mechanism of cardiac insufficiency in this case?
Absolute coronary insufficiency
Heart overload caused by increased blood volume
Blood supply disturbance
Heart overload caused by high pressure
Myocardium damage
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A man who has been taking a drug for a long time cannot withhold it because this causes impairment of psychic, somatic and vegetative functions. Name the syndrome of different disturbances caused by drug discontinuation:
Tachyphylaxis
Sensibilization
Idiosyncrasy
Cumulation
Abstinence
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient consulted a stomatologist about purulent inflammation of his gums. What drug will be the most effective if it is suspected that a causative agent is an anaerobe?
Co-trimoxazole
Oxacillin sodium
Gentamicin
Nitroxoline
Metronidazole
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Rats being under stress have muscular hypertonia and high arterial pressure, high glucose concentration in blood and intensified secretion of corticotropin and corticosteroids. In what stress phase are these animals?
Erectile
Exhaustion
Terminal
Antishock phase
Shock phase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Ultramicroscopical examination of 'dark' hepatocyte population in the cell cytoplasm detected a developed granular endoplasmic reticulum. What function has this organella in these cells?
Bile production
Deintoxicative function
Calcium ion depositing
Synthesis of blood plasma proteins
Carbohydrate synthesis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient came to the hospital complaining about quick fatigability and apparent muscle weakness. Examination revealed an autoimmune disease that causes disorder of functional receptor condition in neuromuscular synapses. What transmitter will be blocked?
Acetylcholine
Glycine
Serotonin
Dopamine
Noradrenalin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 35 year old patient revealed high acidity of gastric juice. What receptors should be blocked in order to reduce it?
Histamine
a2-adrenoreceptors
( ^-adrenoreceptors
^-adrenoreceptors
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a young woman revealed a node-like, soft and elastic homogenous tumour of pinkish-white colour along the acoustic nerve. The tumour contains cell bundles with oval nuclei. Cellular fibrous bundles form rhythmic structures made up by parallel rows of regularly oriented cells arranged in form of a palisade with cell-free homogenous zone (Verocay bodies) between them. What tumour is it?
Ganglioneuroblastoma
Malignant neurinoma
Ganglioneurinoma
Neurinoma
Neuroblastoma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 45 year old woman is ill with breast cancer. Her left arm has symptoms of lymphatic system insufficiency - limb edema, lymph node enlargement. What form of lymphatic circulation insufficiency is it?
-
Combined insufficiency
Resorption insufficiency
Mechanic insufficiency
Dynamic insufficiency
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An endocrinal gland with parenchyma consisting of epithelium and neural tissue is under morphological examination. Epithelial trabecules have two types of cells: chromophilic and chromophobic. Identify this organ:
Thyroid gland
Adrenal glands
Hypophysis
Hypothalamus
Parathyroid gland
‹ Назад
Далі ›
While performing an inguinal canal operation on account of hernia a surgeon damaged the canal’s contents. What exactly was damaged?
-
Lig. inguinale
Funiculus spermaticus
Urarchus
Lig. teres uteri
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 12 year old child has intolerance to some foodstuffs. Their consumption causes an allergic reaction in form of itching skin eruptions. What antihistaminic drug should be admistered so that the child could attend school?
Diclofenac
Dimedrol
Ephedrine
Loratadine
Aminophylline
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient that entered the admi- ssion office had the following signs of acute cardiac insufficiency: paleness, acrocyanosis, frequent shallow respiration. What drug is indicated in this case?
Digitoxin
Nitroglycerine
Adrenaline hydrochloride
Cordiamin
Corglycon
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 26 year old man is in the torpid shock phase as a result of a car accident. In blood: 3, 2 • 109 /l. What is the leading mechanism of leukopenia development?
Disturbed going out of mature leukocytes from the marrow into the blood
Lysis of leukocytes in the blood-forming organs
Intensified elimination of leukocytes from the organism
Redistribution of leukocytes in bloodstream
Leikopoiesis inhibition
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient had hemorrhagic stroke. Blood examination revealed strengthened kinin concentration.The patient was prescribed contrical. It was administered in order to inhibit the following proteinase:
Chemotrypsin
Collagenase
Pepsin
Kallikrein
Trypsin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with bacterial pneumonia was prescribed benzylpenicillin. What is the mechanism of its antibacterial effect?
Inhibition of SH-groups of microorganism enzymes
Inhibition of synthesis of microorganism wall
Antagonism with p-amino-benzoic acid
Inhibition of intracellular protein synthesis
Abnormal permeability of cytoplasmic membrane
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Hartnup disease is caused by point mutation of only one gene which results in disturbance of tryptophane absorption in the bowels and its resorption in the renal tubules. It is the reason for disorder of both digestive and urination systems. What genetic phenomenon is observed in this case?
Complementary interaction
Codominance
Semidominance
Pleiotropy
Polymery
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient who has been treated in a neural clinic and has been taking a sedative for a long time got the following complication: cough, rhinitis, epiphora. What drug caused these disturbances?
Reserpine
Valerian
Phenazepam
Diazepam
Sodium bromide
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In order to accelerate healing of a radiation ulcer a vitamin drug was administered. What drug is it?
Prednisolone
Levamisole
Retabolil
Retinol acetate
Methyluracil
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Inoculum from pharynx of a patient ill with angina was inoculated into blood-tellurite agar. It resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies 4-5 mm in diameter. Grampositive bacilli with clublike thickenings on their ends placed in form of spread wide apart fingers are visible by microscope. What microorganisms are these?
Streptobacilli
Diphtheria corynebacteria
Streptococci
Diphtheroids
Botulism clostridia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Plasmic factors of blood coagulation are exposed to post-translational modification with the participation of vitamin K. It is necessary as a cofactor in the enzyme system of 7-carboxylation of protein factors of blood coagulation due to the increased affinity of their molecules with calcium ions. What amino acid is carboxylated in these proteins?
Valine
Serine
Arginine
Phenylalanine
Glutamic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Pharmacological effects of antidepressants are connected with inhibition of an enzyme catalyzing biogenic amines noradrenaline and serotonine in the mi-tochondrions of cerebral neurons. What enzyme participates in this process?
Transaminase
Peptidase
Decarboxylase
Monoamine oxidase
Lyase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An oncological patient was prescribed methotrexate. With the lapse of time target cells of the tumour lost susceptibility to this drug. There is change of gene expression of the folowing enzyme:
Folate decarboxylase
Dehydrofolate reductase
Folate oxidase
Thiaminase
Deaminase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
As a result of prophylactic medical examination a 7 year old boy was diagnosed with LeschNyhan syndrome (only boys fall ill with it). The boy’s parents are healthy but his grandfather by his mother’s side suffers from the same disease. What type of disease inheritance is it?
Autosomal recessive
Recessive, sex-linked
Autosomal dominant
Semidominance
Dominant, sex-linked
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Planned mass vaccination of all newborn 5-7 day old children against tuberulosis plays an important role in tuberculosis prevention. In this case the following vaccine is applied:
Diphtheria and tetanus anatoxin vaccine
Adsorbed diphtheria vaccine
Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
-
BCG
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with hypertensic crisis was admitted to the cardiological department, he was injected intravenously with an anti- hypertensive drug - salt of an alkaline-earth metal. What drug was injected?
Calcium lactate
Potassium chloride
Benzohexamethonium
Sodium hydrocarbonate
Magnesium sulfate
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In course of a small pelvis operation it became necessary to ligate an ovarian artery. What formation may be accidentally ligated together with it?
Round ligament of uterus
Uterine tube
Ureter
Urethra
Internal iliac vein
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with acute morphine poisoning was delivered to a hospital. What specific narcotic antagonist should be chosen in this case?
Digoxin
Unithiol
Naloxone
Methacin
Paracetamol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The upper lobe of the right lung is enlarged, grey and airless, the inscisi-on surface is dripping with turbid liquid, the pleura has many fibrinogenous films; microscopical examination of alveoles revealed exudate containing neutrophils, desquamated alveolocytes and fibrin fibers. The bronchus wall is intact. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Influenzal pneumonia
Pulmonary abscess
Interstitial pneumonia
Focal pneumonia
Croupous pneumonia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 28 year old patient had high arterial pressure, hematuria and facial edemata. In spite of treatment renal insufficiency was progressing. 6 months later the patient died from uremia. Microscopic examination of his kidneys and their glomerules revealed proliferation of capsule nephrothelium and of podocytes with 'demilune' formation, sclerosis and hyalinosis of glomerules. What disease corresponds with the described picture?
Subacute glomerulonephritis
Acute pyelonephritis
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Acute glomerulonephritis
Nephrotic syndrome
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with a knife wound in the left lumbal part was delivered to the emergency hospital. In course of operation a surgeon found that internal organs were not damaged but the knife injured one of muscles of renal pelvis. What muscle is it?
Greater psoas muscle
Iliac muscle
Abdominal internal oblique muscle
Abdominal external oblique muscle
Erector muscle of spine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A man with a stab wound in the area of quadrilateral foramen applied to a doctor. Examination revealed that the patient was unable to draw his arm asi- de from his body. What nerve is most probably damaged?
N.medianus
N. axillaris
N.radialis
N.subclavius
N.ulnaris
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Autopsy of a man ill with severe hypothyroidism revealed that connective tissue, organ stroma, adipose and cartilaginous tissues were swollen, semitransparent, mucus-like. Microscopic examination of tissues revealed stellate cells having processes with mucus between them. What type of dystrophy is it?
Parenchymatous adipose
Stromal-vascular proteinaceous
Stromal-vascular carbohydrate
Parenchymatous proteinaceous
Stromal-vascular adipose
‹ Назад
Далі ›
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200