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After consumption of rich food a patient has nausea and heartburn, steatorrhea. This condition might be caused by:
Disturbed tripsin synthesis
Increased lipase secretion
Disturbed phospholipase synthesis
Bile acid deficiency
Amylase deficiency
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An infant has apparent diarrhea resulting from improper feeding. One of the main diarrhea effects is plentiful excretion of sodium bicarbonate. What form of acid-base balance disorder is the case?
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
No disorders of acid-base balance will be observed
Metabolic acidosis
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A3 year old child with fever was given aspirin. It resulted in intensified erythrocyte haemolysis. Hemolytic anemia might have been caused by congenital insufficiency of the following enzyme:
y-glutamiltransferase
Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase
Glycogen phosphorylase
Glucose 6-phosphatase
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
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A patient is ill with diabetes melli-tus accompanied by hyperglycemia on an empty stomach (7,2 millimole/l). The hyperglycemia rate can be retrospectively estimated (over the last 4-8 weeks before the examination) on the ground of the rate of the following blood plasma protein:
Glycated hemoglobin
Albumin
Ceruloplasmin
Fibrinogen
C -reactive protein
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In course of laparotomy a surgeon revealed gangrenous lesion of descending colon. It was caused by thrombosis of the following artery:
Sinister colic
Ileocolic
Superior mesenteric artery
Dexter colic
Median colic
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A 37 year old patient suffering from obliterating vascular endarteritis of lower limbs takes daily 60 microgram/kilogram of phenylin. Because of presentations of convulsive disorder ( craniocerebral trauma in anamnesis) he was prescribed phenobarbital. Withholding this drug caused nasal hemorhage. What is this complication connected with?
Aliphatic hydroxylation of phenobarbi-tal
Oxidative deamination of phenylin
Induction of enzymes of microsomal oxidation in liver caused by phenobarbital
Inhibition of microsomal oxidation in liver caused by phenobarbital
Conjugation of phenylin with glucuronic acid
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A 60 year old patient has impaired perception of high-frequency sounds. These changes were caused by damage of the following auditory analyzer structures:
Eustachian tube
Tympanic membrane
Middle ear muscles
Main cochlea membrane near the oval window
Main cochlea membrane near the helicotrema
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Researchers isolated 5 isoenzymic forms of lactate dehydrogenase from the human blood serum and studied their properties. What property indicates that the isoenzymic forms were isolated from the same enzyme?
Catalyzation of the same reaction
The same molecular weight
Tissue localization
The same electrophoretic mobility
The same physicochemical properties
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It was proved that a molecule of immature mRNA (precursor mRNA) contained more triplets than amino acids found in the synthesized protein. The reason for that is that translation is normally preceded by:
Initiation
Mutation
Replication
Processing
Reparation
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A patient has low rate of magnesium ions that are necessary for affixion of ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum. It is known that it causes disturbance of protein biosynthesis. At what stage is protein biosynthesis impaired?
Amino acid activation
Transcription
Replication
Translation
Termination
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A student takes notes of a lecture. Quality of his notes became significantly worse when his neighbours began talking. What type of conditional reflex inhibition was the cause of it?
Protective
External
Delayed
Differentiated
Extinctive
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A patient ill with neurodermatitis has been taking prednisolone for a long time. Examination revealed high rate of sugar in his blood. This complication is caused by the drug influence upon the following link of carbohydrate metabolism:
Intensification of glucose absorption in the bowels
Glycogenogenesis activation
Activation of insulin decomposition
Gluconeogenesis activation
Inhibition of glycogen synthesis
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Labelled amino acids alanine and tryptophane were injected to a mouse in order to study localization of protein synthesis in its cells. The labelled amino acids will be accumulated near the following organellas:
Cell centre
Golgi apparatus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
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A patient with frequent attacks of stenocardia was prescribed sustak-forte to be taken one tablet twice a day. At first the effect was positive but on the second day stenocardia attacks resumed. What can explain inefficiency of the prescribed drug?
Cumulation
Dependence
Idiosyncrasy
Sensibilization
Tachyphylaxis
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Inflammation of the tympanic cavity (purulent otitis media) was complicated by inflammation of mammillary process sockets. What wall of tympanic cavity did the pus penetrate into the sockets through?
Superior
Anterior
Medial
Posterior
Lateral
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In order to speed up healing of a wound of oral mucosa a patient was prescribed a drug that is a thermostable protein occuring in tears, saliva, mother’s milk as well as in a new-laid hen’s egg. It is known that this protein is a factor of natural resistance of an organism. What is it called?
Complement
Interferon
Interleukin
Lysozyme
Imanine
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An aged man had raise of arterial pressure under a stress. It was caused by activation of:
Sympathoadrenal system
Functions of adrenal cortex
Parasympathetic nucleus of vagus
Functions of thyroid gland
Hypophysis function
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A 20 year old patient complains of general weakness, dizziness, quick fatigability. Blood analysis results: Hb- 80 g/l. Microscopical examination results: erythrocytes are of modified form. This condition might be caused by:
Acute intermittent porphyria
Sickle-cell anemia
Addison’s disease
Obturative jaundice
Hepatocellular jaundice
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Blood minute volume of a 30 year old woman at rest is 5 l/m. What blood volume is pumped through the pulmonary vessels per minute?
5 l
2,5 l
3,75 l
1,5 l
2,0 l
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As a result of long-term starvation the glomerular filtration of a man was accelerated by 20%. The most probable cause of filtration changes under such conditions is:
Fall of oncotic pressure of blood plasma
Growth of filtration coefficient
Increase of renal plasma flow
Rise of systemic arterial pressure
Increased permeability of renal filter
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A patient has yellow skin colour, dark urine, dark-yellow feces. What substance will have strengthened concentration in the blood serum?
Verdoglobin
Unconjugated bilirubin
Conjugated bilirubin
Mesobilirubin
Biliverdin
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A patient consulted a doctor about symmetric dermatitis of open skin areas. It was found out that the patient lived mostly on cereals and ate too little meat, milk and eggs. What vitamin deficiency is the most evident?
Tocopherol
Nicotinamide
Folic acid
Biotin
Calciferol
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A 46 year old patient applied to a doctor complaining about joint pain that becomes stronger the day before weather changes. Blood examination revealed strengthened concentration of uric acid. The most probable cause of the disease is the intensified disintegration of the following substance:
Thymidine monophosphate
Adenosine monophosphate
Cytidine monophosphate
Uridine triphosphate
Uridine monophosphate
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A 38 year old patient suffers from rheumatism in its active phase. What laboratory characteristic of blood serum is of diagnostic importance in case of this pathology?
Transferrin
Creatinine
C-reactive protein
Uric acid
Urea
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ECG of a patient with hyperfunction of thyroid gland showed heart hurry. It is indicated by depression of the following ECG element:
P — Q segment
P — Q interval
QRS complex
R — R interval
P — T interval
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A 62 year woman complains of frequent pain attacks in the area of her chest and backbone, rib fractures. Her doctor suspected myeloma (plasmocytoma). What of the following laboratory characteristics will be of the greatest diagnostic importance?
Hyperalbuminemia
Hypoglobulinemia
Paraproteinemia
Hypoproteinemia
Proteinuria
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While playing volleyball a sportsman made a jump and landed on the outside edge of his foot. He felt acute pain in the talocrural joint, active movements are limited, passive movements are unlimited but painful. A bit later there appeared a swelling in the area of external ankle, the skin became red and warm. What type of peripheral circulation disturbance is the case?
Embolism
Arterial hyperemia
Thrombosis
Stasis
Venous hyperemia
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Bacterioscopic examination of a smear from the pharynx of a diphtheria suspect revealed bacilli with volutine granules. What etiotropic drug should be chosen in this case?
Interferon
Eubiotic
Bacteriophage
Diphtheritic anatoxin
Antidiphtheritic antitoxic serum
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A patient underwent an operation on account of gall bladder excision that resulted in obstruction of Ca absorption through the bowels wall. What vitamin wil stimulate this process?
D:i
PP
C
B12
K
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A woman underwent an operation on account of extrauterine (tubal) pregnancy. In course of the operation the surgeon should ligate the branches of the following arteries:
Uterine and ovarian
Inferior cystic and ovarian
Uterine and superior cystic
Uterine and inferior cystic
Superior cystic and ovarian
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A 6 month old baby ill with bronchitis was taken for an X-ray of chest. Apart of changes associated with bronchi the X-ray film showed a shadow of thymus gland. What might have caused such changes?
It is caused by thymus inflammation
It is caused by abnormal position
It’s the effect of bronchitis
It is caused by neoplastic process
The above-mentioned condition is a normal variant for this age
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A patient complains of frequent diarrheas, especially after consumption of rich food, weight loss. Laboratory examination revealed steatorrhea; his feces were hypocholic. What might have caused such condition?
Inflammation of mucous membrane of small intestine
Unbalanced diet
Lack of pancreatic lipase
Lack of pancreatic phospholipase
Obturation of biliary tracts
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Examination of a patient with pustular skin lesions allowed to isolate a causative agent that forms in the blood agar roundish yellow middle-sized colonies surrounded by haemolysis zone. Smears from the colonies contain irregularshaped clusters of gram-positive cocci. The culture is oxidase- and catalasepositive, ferments mannitol and synthesizes plasmocoagulase. What causative agent was isolated?
Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus aureus
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A 65 year old man suffering from gout complains of kidney pain. Ultrasound examination revealed renal calculi. The most probable cause of calculi formation is the strengthened concentration of the following substance:
Bilirubin
Cholesterol
Urea
Uric acid
Cystine
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Microscopic examination of a Gram-stained scrape from patient’s tongue revealed oval, round, elongated chains of dark-violet gemmating cells. What disease can be caused by this causative agent?
Actinomycosis
Streptococcic infection
Candidosis
Diphtheria
Staphylococcic infection
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A 44 year old woman complains of general weakness, heart pain, significant increase of body weight. Objectively: moon face, hirsutism, AP is 165/100 mm Hg, height - 164 cm, weight - 103 kg; the fat is mostly accumulated on her neck, thoracic girdle, belly. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of obesity?
Reduced production of thyroid hormones
Reduced glucagon production
Increased insulin production
Increased production of glucocorticoids
Increased mineralocorticoid production
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Blood of a patient with presumable sepsis was inoculated into sugar broth. There appeared bottom sediment. Repeated inoculation into blood agar caused growth of small transparent round colonies surrounded by hemolysis zone. Examination of a smear from the sediment revealed gram-positive cocci in form of long chains. What microorganisms are present in blood of this patient?
Sarcina
Micrococci
Tetracocci
Staphylococci
Streptococci
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2 years ago a patient underwent resection of pyloric part of stomach. He complains of weakness, periodical dark shadows beneath his eyes, dyspnea. In blood: Hb - 70 g/l, erythrocytes - 3,0 • 1012//, colour index - 0,7 What changes of erythrocytes in blood smears are the most typical for this condition?
Macrocytes
Ovalocytes
Microcytes
Schizocytes
Megalocytes
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A patient is ill with hepatocirrhosis. State of antitoxic liver function can be characterized by examination of the following substance exreted by urine:
Hippuric acid
Uric acid
Amino acids
Creatinine
Ammonium salts
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The territory of an old burial ground for animal refuse that hasn’t been used for over 50 years is meant for house building. But soil investigation showed the presense of viable spores of a causative agent causing a very dangerous disease. What microorganism might have been preserved in soil for such a long period of time?
Brucella abortus
Mycobacterium bovis
Francisella tularensis
Bacillus anthracis
Yersinia pestis
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Autopsy of a man who had been working as a miner for many years and died from cardiopulmonary decompensation revealed that his lungs were airless, sclerosed, their apexex had emphysematous changes, the lung surface was greyish-black, the incised lung tissue was coal-black. What disease caused death?
Aluminosis
Talcosis
Asbestosis
Silicosis
Anthracosis
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Microscopy of stained (Ziehl-Neelsen staining) smears taken from the sputum of a patient with chronic pulmonary disease revealed red bacilli. What property of tuberculous bacillus was shown up?
Alcohol resistance
Acid resistance
Capsule formation
Sporification
Alkali resistance
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Parents of a 10 year old boy consulted a doctor about extension of hair-covering, growth of beard and moustache, low voice. Intensified secretion of which hormone must be assumed?
Of somatotropin
Of progesterone
Of oestrogen
Of cortisol
Of testosterone
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Examination of coronary arteries revealed atherosclerotic calcified plaques closing vessel lumen by 1/3. The muscle has multiple whitish layers of connective tissue. What process was revealed in the myocardium?
Postinfarction cardiosclerosis
Myocardium infarction
Myocarditis
Diffusive cardiosclerosis
Tiger heart
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It was revealed that T-lymphocytes were affected by HIV. Virus enzyme -reverse transcriptase ( EVA-dependent DNA polymerase) - catalyzes the synthesis of :
DNA on the matrix of virus mRNA
Virus informational RNA on the matrix of DNA
Viral DNA on DNA matrix
DNA on virus ribosomal RNA
mRNA on the matrix of virus protein
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A 35 year old man with a trauma of his left hand was admitted to the traumatology department. Objectively: cut wound of palmar surface of left hand; middle phalanxes of II-V fingers don’t bend. What muscles are damaged?
Dorsal interosseous muscles
Superficial finger flexor
Lumbrical muscles
Palmar interosseous muscles
Profound finger flexor
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Histological examination of a skin tissue sampling revealed granulomas consisting of macrophagal nodules with lymphocytes and plasmatic cells. There are also some big macrophages with fatty vacuoles containing causative agents of a disease packed up in form of spheres (Virchow’s cells). Granulation tissue is well vascularized. What disease is this granuloma typical for?
Glanders
Tuberculosis
Rhinoscleroma
Lepra
Syphilis
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In order to estimate toxigenity of diphtheria agents obtained from patients the cultures were inoculated on Petri dish with nutrient agar on either side of a filter paper strip that was put into the centre and moistened with antidiphtheric antitoxic serum. After incubation of inoculations in agar the strip-like areas of medium turbidity were found between separate cultures and the strip of filter paper. What immunological reaction was conducted?
Opsonization reaction
Coomb’s test
Precipitation gel reaction
Rings precipitation reaction
Agglutination reaction
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A patient taking clonidine for essential hypertension treatment was using alcohol that caused intense inhibition of central nervous system. What may it be connected with?
Idiosyncrasy
Effect summation
Effect potentiating
Cumulation
Intoxication
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Examination of an ovary specimen stained by hematoxylin-eosine revealed a follicle in which follicular epithelium consisted of 1-2 layers of cubic cells. There was also a bright red membrane around the ovocyte. What follicle is it?
Primordial
Atretic
Secondary
Primary
Mature
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A patient with clinical signs of encephalitis was delivered to the infectious diseases hospital. Anamnesis registers a tick bite. Hemagglutination-inhibition reaction helped to reveal antibodies to the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis in the dilution 1:20 which is not diagnostic. What actions should the doctor take after he had got such result?
To repeat examination with another diagnosticum
To examine the same serum
To apply more sensitive reaction
To deny diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis
To repeat the examination with serum taken 10 days later
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A 40 year old man noticed a reddening and an edema of skin in the area of his neck that later developed into a small abscess. The incised focus is dense, yellowish-green. The pus contains white granules. Histological examination revealed drusen of a fungus, plasmatic and xanthome cells, macrophages. What type of mycosis is the most probable?
Aspergillosis
Sporotrichosis
Actinomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Candidosis
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Continuous taking of some drugs foregoing the pregnancy increase the risk of giving birth to a child with genetic defects. What is this effect called?
Mutagenic effect
Fetotoxical effect
Embryotoxic effect
Blastomogenic effect
Teratogenic effect
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A man with a wound of his limb that had been suppurating for a long time died from intioxication. Autopsy revealed extreme emaciation, dehydration, brown atrophy of liver, myocardium, spleen and cross-striated muscles as well as renal amyloidosis. What diagnosis corresponds with the described picture?
Brucellosis
Septicemia
Chroniosepsis
Chernogubov’s syndrome
Septicopyemia
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6 months after labour a woman had uterine hemorrhage. Gynaecological examination of uterine cavity revealed a dark-red tissue with multiple cavities resembling of a 'sponge'. Microscopic examination of a tumour revealed in blood lacunas atypic light epithelial Langhans cells and giant cells of syncyti-otrophoblast. What tumour is it?
Adenocarcinoma
Chorioepithelioma
Cystic mole
Fibromyoma
Squamous cell nonkeratinous carcinoma
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An animal with aortic valve insufficiency got hypertrophy of its left heart ventricle. Some of its parts have local contractures. What substance accumulated in the myocardiocytes caused these contractures?
Lactic acid
Carbon dioxide
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
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A girl is diagnosed with adrenogenital syndrome (pseudohermaphroditism). This pathology was caused by hypersecretion of the following adrenal hormone:
Estrogen
Aldosterone
Androgen
Adrenalin
Cortisol
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In course of an experiment a big number of stem cells of red bone marrow was in some way destructed. Regeneration of which cell populations in the loose connective tissue will be inhibited?
Of macrophags
Of pigment cells
Of pericytes
Of fibroblasts
Of lipocytes
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Examination of a 70 year old patient rrevealed insulin-dependent diabetes. What drug should be administered?
Parathyroidin
Glibenclamid
Insulin
Cortisone
Mercazolilum
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A human body cools in water much faster that in the air. What way of heat emission in water is much more efficient?
Sweat evaporation
Heat conduction
-
Heat radiation
Convection
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A patient suffering from chronic cardiac insufficiency was recommended to undergo a prophylactic course of treatment with a cardiological drug from the group of cardiac glycosides that is to be taken enterally. What drug was recommended?
Digoxin
Cordiamin
Cordarone
Strophanthine
Corglycon
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An ophthalmologist used a 1% mesaton solution for the diagnostic purpose (pupil dilation for eye-ground examination). What is the cause of mydriasis induced by the drug?
Activation of M-cholinoreceptors
Block of ai adrenoreceptors
Activation of Pi adrenoreceptors
Activation of a2 adrenoreceptors
Activation of ai adrenoreceptors
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Prophylactic medical examination of a 36 year old driver revealed that his AP was 150/90 mm Hg. At the end of working day he usually hears ear noise, feels slight indisposition that passes after some rest. He was diagnosed with essential hypertension. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism in this case?
Endocrinal
Humoral
Neurogenetic
Reflexogenic
Nephric
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A cerebral trauma caused increased ammonia generation. What amino acid participates in the excretion of ammonia from the cerebral tissue?
Lysine
Valine
Glutamic
Tyrosine
Tryptophan
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While studying maximally spiralized chromosomes of human karyotype the process of cell division was stopped in the following phase:
Telophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Prophase
Interphase
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48 hours after tuberculine test (Mantoux test) a child had a papule 10 mm in diameter on the spot of tuberculine injection. What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies these changes?
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
Immunocomplex cytotoxicity
Cellular cytotoxicity
Anaphylaxy
Granulomatosis
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A patient was admitted to the surgical department with suspected inflammation of Meckel’s diverticulum. What part of bowels should be examined in order to discover the diverticulum in course of an operation?
Jejunum
Colon ascendens
Ileum
Duodenum
Caecum
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Power inputs of a man were measured. In what state was this man if his power inputs were lower than basal metabolism?
Rest
Simple work
Nervous tension
Sleep
Relaxation
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Examination of a newborn boy’s genitalia revealed an urethral hiatus that opens on the undersite of his penis. What malformation is it?
Hypospadias
Monorchism
Cryptorhidism
Epispadia
Hermaphroditism
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A concentrated solution of sodium chloride was intravenously injected to an animal. This caused decreased reabsorption of sodium ions in the renal tubules. It is the result of the following changes of hormonal secretion:
Vasopressin increase
Aldosterone reduction
Aldosterone increase
Reduction of atrial natriuretic factor
Vasopressin reduction
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As a result of destruction of certain brainstem structures an animal has lost its orientative reflexes in response to strong photic stimuli. What structures were destroyed?
Anterior tubercles of quadrigeminal plate
Posterior tubercles of quadrigeminal plate
Black substance
Red nuclei
Vestibular nuclei
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Myocyte cytoplasm contains a big number of dissolved metabolites of glucose oxidation. Name one of them that turns directly into a lactate:
Oxaloacetate
Glucose 6-phosphate
Pyruvate
Glycerophosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate
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Mother of a 2 year old child consulted a stomatologist. In the period of pregnancy she was irregularly taking antibiotics for an infectious disease. Examination of the child revealed incisor destruction, yellow enamel, brown rim around the dental cervix. What drug has apparent teratogenic effect?
Xantinol nicotinate
Ampiox
Furosemide
Doxacycline
Octadine
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A 59 year old patient is a plant manager. After the tax inspection of his plant he felt intense pain behind his breastbone irradiating to his left arm. 15 minutes later his condition came to normal. Which of the possible mechanisms of stenocardia development is the leading in this case?
Intravascular aggregation of blood corpuscles
High catecholamine concentration in blood
Coronary thrombosis
Functional heart overload
Coronary atherosclerosis
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A patient recovered from Sonne dysentery and was once more infected with the same causative agent. What is such infection form called?
Chronic infection
Persisting infection
Recidivation
Reinfection
Superinfection
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A 56 year old patient came to a hospital with complaints about general weakness, tongue pain and burning, sensation of limb numbness. In the past he underwent resection of forestomach. In blood: Hb- 80 g/l; erythrocytes - 2,0 • 1012/l; colour index - 1,2, leukocytes - 3,5 • 109/l. What anemia type is it?
Posthemorrhagic
Hemolytic
Iron-deficient
B12-folate deficient
Aplastic
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A 35 year old patient applied to a doctor with complaints about having intense rhinitis and loss of sense of smell for a week. Objectively: nasal cavity contains a lot of mucus that covers mucous membrane and blocks olfactory receptors. In what part of nasal cavity are these receptors situated?
Common nasal meatus
Vestibule of nose
Median nasal turbinate
Inferior nasal turbinate
Superior nasal turbinate
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A 17 year old boy fell seriously ill, the body temperature rose up to 38,5oC, there appeared cough, rhinitis, lacrimati-on, nasal discharges. What inflammation is it?
Hemorrhagic
Serous
Purulent
Catarrhal
Fibrinous
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A patient with disturbed cerebral circulation has problems with deglutition. What part of brain was damaged?
Midbrain
Cervical part of spinal cord
Brainstem
Forebrain
Interbrain
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Vitamin B1 deficiency results in disturbance of oxidative decarboxylation of o-ketoglutaric acid. This will disturb synthesis of the following coenzyme:
Flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
Coenzyme A
Thiamine pyrophosphate
Lipoic acid
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A chemical burn caused esophagus stenosis. Difficulty of ingestion led to the abrupt loss of weight. In blood: 3,0 • 1012/l, Hb - 106 g/l, crude protein - 57 g/l. What type of starvation is it?
Incomplete
Absolute
Water
Complete
Proteinic
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A 30 year old woman has face edemata. Examination revealed proteinuria (5,87 g/l), hypoproteinemia, dysproteinemia, hyperlipidemia. What condition is the set of these symptoms typical for?
Chronic renal failure
Acute renal failure
Chronic pyelonephritis
Nephritic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome
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Skin of a man who died from cardiac insufficiency has an eruption in form of spots' and specks. There are also bedsores in the area of sacrum and spinous vertebral processes. Microscopical examination of CNS, skin, adrenal glands revealed in the vessels of microcirculatory bed and in small arteries destructive-proliferative endothrombovasculitis with Popov’s granulomas; interstitial myocarditis. What diagnosis corresponds with the described picture?
Enteric fever
HIV
Q fever
Nodular periarteritis
Spotted fever
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Autopsy of a man who died from the sepsis in his femoral bone revealed phlegmonous inflammation that affected the marrow, haversian canals and periosteum. Under the periosteum there are multiple abscesses, adjoining soft tissues of thigh also have signs of phlegmonous inflammation. What pathological process was described?
Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis
-
Osteopetrosis
Chronic hematogenous osteomielitis
Osteoporosis
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A patient has a decreased vasopressin synthesis that causes polyuria and as a result of it evident organism dehydratati-on. What is the mechanism of polyuria development?
Acceleration of glomerular filtration
Reduced tubular reabsorption of water
Reduced tubular reabsorption of Na ions
Reduced tubular reabsorption of protein
Reduced glucose reabsorption
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A patient with nephrotic syndrome has massive edemata of his face and limbs. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of edemata development?
Rise of hydrodynamic blood pressure
Increase of lymph outflow
Drop of oncotic blood pressure
Lymphostasis
Increase of vascular permeability
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Examination of a 55 year old woman revealed under the skin of submandibular area a movable slowly growing pasty formation with distinct borders 1,0x0,7 cm large. Histological examination revealed lipocytes that form segments of diffrent forms and sizes separated from each other by thin layers of connective tissue with vessels. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Fibroma
Liposarcoma
Angioma
Fibrosarcoma
Lipoma
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An unconscious young man with signs of morphine poisoning entered admission office. His respiration is shallow and infrequent which is caused by inhibition of respiratory centre. What type of respiratory failure is it?
Ventilative restrictive
Ventilative dysregulatory
Ventilative obstructive
Perfusive
Diffusive
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A patient with cholelithiasis fell ill with mechanic jaundice. Examinati- on revealed that the stone was in the common bile duct. What bile-excreting ducts make up the obturated duct?
Ductus hepaticus dexter et sinister
Ductus hepaticus dexter et ductus cysti-cus
Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus choledochus
Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus cysticus
Ductus hepaticus sinister et ductus cysticus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient is 44 years old. Laboratory examination of his blood revealed that content of proteins in plasma was 40 g/l. What influence will be exerted on the transcapillary water exchange?
Both filtration and reabsorption will be decreased
Both filtration and reabsorption will be increased
Filtration will be decreased, reabsorption - increased
Exchange will stay unchanged
Filtration will be increased, reabsorption - decreased
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The cerebrospinal fluid is being examined for the purpose of diffrential meningitis diagnostics. At what site is the lumbal puncture safe?
L III-L IV
L I-L II
L II-L III
L V-SI
Th XII-L I
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An isolated cell of human heart automatically generates excitement impulses with frequency of 60 times per minute. This cell was taken from the following heart structure :
Atrium
His’ bundle
Atrioventricular node
Sinoatrial node
Ventricle
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 60 year old patient revealed hyperglycemia and glucosuria. A doctor administered him a medication for internal use. What medication is it?
Furosemide
Glibenclamid
Oxytocin
Pancreatine
Corglycon
‹ Назад
Далі ›
As a result of posttranslative modifications some proteins taking part in blood coagulation, particularly prothrombin, become capable of calcium binding. The following vitamin takes part in this process:
K
A
C
B2
Bi
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a man who had been working hard under higher temperature of the environment revealed abnormal quantity of blood plasma proteins. What phenomenon is the case?
Relative hyperproteinemia
Paraproteinemia
Absolute hyperproteinemia
Absolute hypoproteinemia
Dysproteinemia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with thrombophlebitis of his lower limbs had chest pain, blood spitting, progressing respiratory insufficiency that led to his death. Autopsy diagnosed multiple lung infarctions. What is the most probable cause of their development?
Thromboembolism of pulmonary artery branches
Thrombosis of bronchial arteries
Thrombosis of pulmonary artery branches
Thromboembolism of bronchial arteries
Thrombosis of pulmonary veins
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman suffering from osteochondrosis felt acute pain in her humeral articulation that became stronger when she abducted her shoulder. These symptoms might be caused by damage of the following nerve:
Dorsal scapular nerve
Axillary nerve
Subscapular nerve
Subclavicular nerve
Throracodorsal nerve
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has a deep cut wound on the posterior surface of his shoulder in its middle third. What muscle might be injured?
Coracobrachial muscle
Biceps muscle of arm
Triceps muscle of arm
Brachial muscle
Anconeus muscle
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has acne on his face. Mi- crospcopic examination of scrapings from the affected areas revealed living porrect vermiform arthropoda 0,2-0,5 mm large with four pairs of short extremities in the front part of their bodies. What is the laboratory diagnosis?
Scabies
Phthiriasis
Pediculosis
Demodicosis
Myiasis
‹ Назад
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A 28 year old man had a gunshot wound of shin that resulted in an ulcer from the side of the injury. What is the main factor of neurodystrophy pathogenesis in this case?
Psychical stress
Traumatization of peripheral nerve
Infection
Tissue damage
Microcirculation disturbance
‹ Назад
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A 45 year old man consulted a doctor about a plaque-like formation on his neck. Histological examination of a skin bi-optate revealed clusters of round and oval tumour cells with a narrow border of basophilic cytoplasm resembling of cells of basal epidermal layer. What tumour is it?
Trichoepithelioma
Basal cell carcinoma
Hydroadenoma
Syringoadenoma
Epidermal cancer
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with essential hypertension was recommended a drug that prevents thrombosis. It is to be taken parenterally. What drug is it?
Amben
Protamine sulfate
Syncumar
Heparin
Neodicumarin
‹ Назад
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Packed cell volume of a man was 40% before the trauma. What packed cell volume will be observed 24 hours after blood loss of 750 ml?
40 %
30%
55 %
45 %
50 %
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Two hours after an exam a student had a blood count done and it was revealed that he had leukocytosis without significant leukogram modifications. What is the most probable mechanism of leukocytosis development?
Redistribution of leukocytes in the organism
Deceleration of leukocyte migration to the tissues
Leukopoiesis intensification and deceleration of leukocyte lysis
Leukopoiesis intensification
Deceleration of leukocyte lysis
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Далі ›
Golgi complex exports substances from a cell due to the fusion of the membrane saccule with the cell membrane. The saccule contents flows out. What process is it?
Endocytosis
All answers are false
Active transport
Facilitated diffusion
Exocytosis
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A boy found a spider with the following morphological characteristics: it is 2 cm long, has roundish black abdomen with two rows of red spots' on its dorsal side; four pairs of jointed limbs are covered with small black hairs. What arthropod is it?
Mite
Scorpion
Tarantula
Karakurt spider
Solpuga
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A 3 year old child with symptoms of stomatitis, gingivitis and dermatitis of open skin areas was delivered to a hospital. Examination revealed inherited disturbance of neutral amino acid transporting in the bowels. These symptoms were caused by the deficiency of the following vitamin:
Niacin
Biotin
Cobalamin
Pantothenic acid
Vitamin A
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with suspected diagnosis 'progressing muscular dystrophy' got his urine tested. What compound will confirm this diagnosis if found in urine?
Porphyrin
Collagen
Calmodulin
Kreatine
Myoglobin
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A patient being treated for viral hepatitis type B got symptoms of hepatic insufficiency. What blood changes indicative of protein metabolism disorder will be observed in this case?
Absolute hyperalbuminemia
Proteinic blood composition is unchanged
Absolute hyperglobulinemia
Absolute hyperfibrinogenemia
Absolute hypoalbuminemia
‹ Назад
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A pregnant woman had her blood group identified. Reaction of erythrocyte agglutination with standard serums of 0aft (I), Ba (III) groups didn’t proceed with standard serum of Aft (II) group. The blood group under examination is:
Ba (III)
Aft (II)
AB (IV)
0 aft (I )
-
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A sensitive neural ganglion consists of roundish neurocytes with one extension that divides into axon and dendrite at some distance from the perikaryon. What are these cells called?
Pseudounipolar
Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar
Apolar
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A doctor examined a child and revealed symptoms of rachitis. Development of this desease was caused by deficiency of the following compound:
Retinol
Tocopherol
Naphtaquinone
Biotin
1,25 [OH]-dichydroxycholecalciferol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An embryo displays disturbed process of dorsal mesoderm segmentation and somite formation. What part of skin will have developmental abnormalities?
Epidermis
Sudoriferous glands
Derma
Sebaceous glands
Hair
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It was found out that some compounds, for instance fungi toxins and some antibiotics can inhibit activity of ENA-polymerase. What process will be disturbed in a cell in case of inhibition of this enzyme?
Translation
Reparation
Replication
Transcription
Processing
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A 7 year old child is ill with bronchitis. It is necessary to administer him an antibacterial drug. What drug of fluoroquinolone group is CONTRAINDICATED at this age?
Ampicillin
Sulfadimethoxine
Amoxicillin
Ampiox
Cyprofloxacin
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A culture of monkey cells (Vero) and a group of mouse sucklings were infected with an inoculum taken from a child with provisional diagnosis 'enterovirus infection'. There was no cytopathic effect on the cell culture but mouse sucklings died. What enteric viruses might have caused disease of this child?
ECHO virus
Unclassified enteric viruses 68-71
Coxsackie B
Polioviruses
Coxsackie A
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A patient died from cardiopulmonary decompensation. Histological examination revealed diffused pulmonary lesion together with interstitial edema, infiltration of tissue by limphocytes, macrophages, plasmocytes; pulmonary fibrosis, panacinar emphysema. What disease corresponds with the described picture?
Pulmonary atelectasis
Chronic bronchitis
Fibrosing alveolitis
Bronchial asthma
Bronchopneumonia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Vagus branches that innervate heart are being stimulated in course of an experiment. As a result of it the excitement conduction from atria to the ventricles was brought to a stop. It is caused by electrophysical changes in the following structures:
Ventricles
Sinoatrial node
His’ bundle
Atria
Atrioventricular node
‹ Назад
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If a man has an attack of bronchi-ospasm it is necessary to reduce the effect of vagus on smooth muscles of bronchi. What membrane cytoreceptors should be blocked for this purpose?
M-cholinoreceptors
^-adrenoreceptors
N-cholinoreceptors
a- and 3-adrenoreceptors
3- adrenoreceptors
‹ Назад
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A patient of surgical department complains about pain in the small of her back and in the lower part of her belly; painful and frequent urination. Bacteriological examination of urine revealed gram-negative oxidase-positive rod-like bacteria forming greenish mucoid colonies with specific smell. What causative agent can it be?
Mycoplasma pneumonie
Proteus mirabilis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
E.coli
Str.pyogenes
‹ Назад
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There are several groups of molecular mechanisms playing important part in pathogenesis of insult to cells which contributes to the pathology development. What processes are stimulated by proteinic damage mechanisms?
Acidosis
Osmotic membrane distension
Phospholipase activation
Enzyme inhibition
Lipid peroxidation
‹ Назад
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A child was born with cleft palate. Examination revealed aorta defects and reduced number of T-lymphocytes in blood. What immunodeficient syndrome is it?
DiGeorge
Chediak-Higashi
Wiskott-Aldrich
Swiss-type
Louis-Bar
‹ Назад
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A 16 year old boy after an illness has diminished function of protein synthesis in liver as a result of vitamin K deficiency. It will cause disturbance of:
Blood coagulation
Osmotic blood pressure
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Erythropoietin secretion
Anticoagulant generation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Life cycle of a cell includes the process of DNA autoreduplication. As a result of it monochromatid chromosomes turn into bichromatid ones. What period of cell cycle does this phenomenon fall into?
5
Gi
G2
G0
M
‹ Назад
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A driver who got a trauma in a road accident and is shocked has reduction of daily urinary output down to 300 ml. What is the main pathogenetic factor of such diuresis change?
Increased vascular permeability
Drop of oncotic blood pressure
Secondary hyperaldosteronism
Decreased number of functioning glomerules
Drop of arterial pressure
‹ Назад
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Systemic arterial pressure of an adult dropped from 120/70 to 90/50 mm Hg that led to reflectory vasoconstriction. The vasoconstriction will be maximal in the following organ:
Bowels
Kidneys
Heart
Brain
Adrenals
‹ Назад
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Examination of a 12 year old boy with developmental lag revealed achondroplasia: disproportional constitution with evident shortening of upper and lower limbs as a result of growth disorder of epiphyseal cartilages of long tubal bones. This disease is:
Congenital
Inherited, sex-linked
Inherited, recessive
Acquired
Inherited, dominant
‹ Назад
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A patient was diagnosed with autoimmune hemolitic cytotoxic anemia. What substances are antigens in II type allergic reactions?
Hormones
Antibiotics
Modified receptors of cell membranes
Inflammation modulators
Serum proteins
‹ Назад
Далі ›
While performing an operation in the area of axillary crease a surgeon has to define an arterial vessel surrounded by fascicles of brachial plexus. What artery is it?
A.subscapularis
A.transversa colli
A.profunda brachii
A.vertebralis
A.axillaris
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient takes digoxin for treatment of cardiac insufficiency. What diuretic may increase digoxin toxicity due to the intensified excretion of K + ions?
Hydrochlorothiazide
Panangine
Siliborum
Spironolactone
Lisinopril
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During starvation muscle proteins break up into free amino acids. These compounds will be the most probably involved into the following process:
Synthesis of higher fatty acids
Decarboxylation
Gluconeogenesis in liver
Glycogenolysis
Gluconeogenesis in muscles
‹ Назад
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A patient ill with amebiasis was prescribed a certain drug. The use of alcohol together with this drug is contraindicated because the drug inhibits metabolism of ethyl alcohol. What drug is it?
Metronidazole
Reserpine
Clonidine
Aminazine
Diazepam
‹ Назад
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Surgical removal of a part of stomach resulted in disturbed absorption of vitamin B12, it is excreted with feces. The patient was diagnosed with anemia. What factor is necessary for absorption of this vitamin?
Gastrin
Folic acid
Pepsin
Hydrochloric acid
Gastromucoprotein
‹ Назад
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A patient ill with chronic cardiac insufficiency was prescribed an average therapeutic dose of digoxin. Two weeks after begin of its taking there appeared symptoms of drug intoxication ( bradycardia, extrasystole, nausea). Name the phenomenon that caused accumulation of the drug in the organism?
Tolerance
Idiosyncrasy
Tachyphylaxis
Material cumulation
Functional cumulation
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In course of a preventive examination of a miner a doctor revealed changes of cardiovascular fitness which was indicative of cardiac insufficiency at the compensation stage. What is the main proof of cardiac compensation?
Dyspnea
Tachycardia
Rise of arterial pressure
Myocardium hypertrophy
Cyanosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Rest potential of a cell equals —80 mV. At what stage of action potential did the membrane potential equal +30 mV?
After depolarization
After hyperpolarization
Depolarization
-
Reverse polarization
‹ Назад
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A 35 year old man got an injury that caused complete disruption of spinal cord at the level of the first cervical segment. What respiration changes will be observed?
It will come to a standstill
Thoracic respiration will be maintained, diaphragmal respiration will disappear
No changes will be observed
Diaphragmal respiration will be maintained, thoracic respiration will disappear
It will become infrequent and deep
‹ Назад
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In course of an experiment a peripheral section of vagus of an expiremental animal is being stimulated. What changes will be observed?
Heart rate fall
Heart hurry
Bronchi dilation
Pupil dilation
Increase of respiration rate
‹ Назад
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2 hours after a skeletal extension was performed to a 27 year old patient with multiple traumas (closed injury of chest, closed fracture of right thigh) his condition abruptly became worse and the patient died from acute cardiopulmonary decompensation. Histological examination of pulmonary and cerebral vessels stained with Sudan III revealed orange drops occluding the vessel lumen. What complication of polytrauma was developed?
Air embolism
Fat embolism
Gaseous embolism
Thromboembolism
Microbal embolism
‹ Назад
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In course of severe respiratory viral infection there appeared clinical signs of progressing cardiac insufficiency that caused death of a patient in the 2nd week of disease. Autopsy revealed that the heart was sluggish, with significant cavity dilatation. Histological examination of myocardium revealed plephora of microvessels and diffuse infiltration of stroma by lymphocytes and histiocytes. What disease corresponds with the described picture?
Myocarditis
Cardiomyopathy
Acute coronary insufficiency
Stenocardia
Myocardium infarction
‹ Назад
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A specimen stained by Ozheshko method contains rod-like microorganisms stained blue with round terminal components stained red. What are these components called?
Mesosomas
Capsules
Flagella
Cilia
Spores
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A 38 year old patient with full-blown jaundice, small cutaneous hemorrhages, general weakness and loss of appetite underwent puncture biopsy of liver. Histological examination revealed disseminated dystrophy, hepatocyte necrosis, Councilman’s bodies. Lobule periphery has signs of significant infiltration by lymphocytes, there are also individual multinuclear hepatocytes. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Chronic hepatitis
Acute alcoholic hepatitis
Toxic degeneration of liver
Acute viral hepatitis
Miliary hepatic cirrhosis
‹ Назад
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A man with an injury of the dorsal area of his neck was admitted to the resuscitation department. What muscle occupies this area?
M.latissimus dorsi
M.trapezius
M.sternocleidomastoideus
M.scalenus anterior
M.rhomboideus minor
‹ Назад
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In course of an experiment a toad’s right labyrinth was destroyed. It will cause amyotonia of the following muscles:
Right and left extensors
Right extensors
Right flexors
Left extensors
Left flexors
‹ Назад
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A 20 year old patient died from intoxication 8 days after artificial illegal abortion performed in her 14-15th week of pregnancy. Autopsy of the corpse revealed yellowish colour of eye sclera and of skin, necrotic suppurative endometritis, multiple pulmonary abscesses, spleen hyperplasia with a big number of neutrophils in its sinuses. What complication after abortion was developed?
Septicopyemia
Chroniosepsis
Hemorrhagic shock
Viral hepatitis type A
Septicemia
‹ Назад
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A patient complains of dizziness and hearing loss. What nerve is damaged?
Vestibulocochlear
Sublingual
Vagus
Trochlear
Trigeminus
‹ Назад
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A 6 year old child was delivered to a hospital. Examination revealed that the child couldn’t fix his eyes, didn’t keep his eyes on toys, eye ground had the cherry-red spot sign. Laboratory analyses showed that brain, liver and spleen had high rate of ganglioside glycometide. What congenital disease is the child ill with?
Wilson’s syndrome
Niemann-Pick disease
Turner’s syndrome
MacArdle disease
Tay-Sachs disease
‹ Назад
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A patient has a cluster of matted together dense lymph nodes on his neck. Histological examination of a removed lymph node revealed proliferation of reticular cells, presense of Reed-Sternberg cells. What disease is meant?
Lymphogranulomatosis
Lymphoblastic leukosis
Lymphocytic leukosis
Myelocytic leukosis
Myeloblastic leukosis
‹ Назад
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While palpating mammary gland of a patient a doctor revealed an induration in form of a node in the inferior medial quadrant. Metastases may extend to the following lymph nodes:
Superior diaphragmal
Parasternal
Bronchopulmonary
Posterior mediastinal
Profound lateral cervical
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A pregnant woman was registered in an antenatal clinic and underwent complex examination for a number of infections. Blood serum contained IgM to the rubella virus. What is this result indicative of?
Of recurring infection with rubella virus
Of exacerbation of a chronic disease
Of primary infection
The woman is healthy
Of a chronic process
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Parents of a 3 year old child have been giving him antibiotics with purpose of preventing enteric infections for a long time. A month later the child’s condition changed for the worse. Blood examination revealed apparent leukopenia and granulocytopenia. What is the most probable mechanism of blood changes?
Myelotoxic
Autoimmune
Age-specific
Redistributive
Hemolytic
‹ Назад
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A pathological process in bronchi resulted in epithelium desquamation. What cells will regenerate bronchial epithelium?
Goblet
Basal
Intercalary
Endocrinal
Ciliate
‹ Назад
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A patient ill with tuberculosis died from progressing cardiopulmonary decompensation. Autopsy in the area of the right lung apex revealed a cavity 5 cm in diameter communicating with lumen of a segmental bronchus. On the inside cavity walls are covered with caseous masses with epithelioid and Langhans cells beneath them. What morphological form of tuberculosis is it?
Infiltrative tuberculosis
Caseous pneumonia
Acute cavernous tuberculosis
Acute focal tuberculosis
Tuberculoma
‹ Назад
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Workers of a hothouse farm work under conditions of unfavourable microclimate: air temperature is +37oC, relative humidity is 90%, air speed is 0,2 m/s. The way of heat emission under these conditions will be:
Radiation
Heat conduction
Evaporation
All the ways
Convection
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A gynaecologist was examining a patient and revealed symptoms of genital tract inflammation. A smear from vagina contains pyriform protozoa with a spine, flagella at their front; there is also an undulating membrane. What disease can be suspected?
Balantidiasis
Urogenital trichomoniasis
Toxoplasmosis
Intestinal trichomoniasis
Lambliasis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A boy has I (I°I°) blood group and his sister has IV (IAIB) blood group. What blood groups do their parents have?
II (IAI°) and III (IBI0)
II (IAIA) and III (IBI°)
I (I°I°) and IV (IAIB)
I (I°I°) and III (IBI°)
III (IBI°) and IV (IAIB)
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with enteritis accompanied by massive diarrhea has low water rate in the extracellular space, high water rate inside the cells and low blood osmolari-ty. What is such disturbance of water-electrolytic metabolism called?
Osmolar hypohydration
Hyperosmolar hyperhydration
Hypo-osmolar hypohydration
Hypo-osmolar hyperhydration
Hyperosmolar hypohydration
‹ Назад
Далі ›
For the purpose of myocardium infarction treatment a patient was injected with embryonal stem cells derived from this very patient by means of therapeutic cloning . What transplantation type is it?
Isotransplantation
Allotransplantation
Heterotransplantation
Xenotransplantation
Autotransplantation
‹ Назад
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A histological specimen of spleen shows a vessel with a wall consisting of endothelium and subendothelial layer, median membrane is absent, exterior membrane inosculates with the layers of spleen connective tissue. What vessel is it?
Artery of muscular type
Arteriole
Vein of non-muscular type
Vein of muscular type
Capillary
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In course of a conditional experiment the development of mesenchyma cells was completely inhibited. Development of the following muscular tissue will be disturbed:
Smooth muscular tissue
Skeletal muscular tissue
Neural muscular tissue
Cardiac muscular tissue
Epidermal muscular tissue
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with chronic gastritis went for endogastric pH-metry that allowed to reveal decreased acidity of gastric juice. It is indicative of diminished function of the following cells:
Endocrinocytes
Parietal exocrinocytes
Cervical cells
Chief exocrinocytes
Accessory cells
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Vagi of an experimental animal were cut on both sides. What respiration changes will be observed?
It will become deep and frequent
It will become shallow and infrequent
It will become deep and infrequent
No changes will be observed
It will become shallow and frequent
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 70 year old man is ill with vascular atherosclerosis of lower extremities and coronary heart disease. Examination revealed disturbance of lipidic blood composition. The main factor of atherosclerosis pathogenesis is the excess of the following lipoproteins:
Chylomicrons
Intermediate density lipoproteins
Low-density lipoproteins
High-density lipoproteins
Cholesterol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
On the 2-3rd day after stomach resection intestinal peristalsis wasn’t restored. What is to be administered for stimulation of gastrointestinal tract?
Atropine sulfate
Cyclodole
Proserin
Prasosin
Acetylcholine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A cardiac electric stimulator was implanted to a 75 year old man with heart rate of 40 bpm. Thereafter the heart rate rose up to 70 bpm. The electric stimulator has undertaken the function of the following heart part:
His’ bundle fibers
Sinoatrial node
His’ bundle branches
Purkinje’s fibers
Atrioventricular node
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A stomatologist injected a patient with a certain drug in order to reduce salivation during tooth filling. What drug is it?
Atropine sulfate
Proserin
Adrenaline hydrochloride
Pilocarpine hydrochloride
Mesaton
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 30 year old woman has applied a lipstick with a fluorescent substance for a long time. Then she got a limited erythema and slight peeling on her lip border, later there appeared transversal striae and cracks. Special methods of microscopic examination of the affected area helped to reveal sensibilized lymphocytes and macrophages in the connective tissue; cytolysis. What type of immunological hypersensitivity was developed?
Granulomatosis
II type (antibody cytotoxicity)
IV type (cellular cytotoxicity)
III type (immune complex cytotoxicity)
I type (reaginic)
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with essential arterial hypertension had a hypertensic crisis that resulted in an attack of cardiac asthma. What is the leading mechanism of cardiac insufficiency in this case?
Blood supply disturbance
Absolute coronary insufficiency
Heart overload caused by high pressure
Myocardium damage
Heart overload caused by increased blood volume
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A man who has been taking a drug for a long time cannot withhold it because this causes impairment of psychic, somatic and vegetative functions. Name the syndrome of different disturbances caused by drug discontinuation:
Idiosyncrasy
Sensibilization
Abstinence
Cumulation
Tachyphylaxis
‹ Назад
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A patient consulted a stomatologist about purulent inflammation of his gums. What drug will be the most effective if it is suspected that a causative agent is an anaerobe?
Oxacillin sodium
Gentamicin
Co-trimoxazole
Nitroxoline
Metronidazole
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Rats being under stress have muscular hypertonia and high arterial pressure, high glucose concentration in blood and intensified secretion of corticotropin and corticosteroids. In what stress phase are these animals?
Erectile
Exhaustion
Antishock phase
Shock phase
Terminal
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Ultramicroscopical examination of 'dark' hepatocyte population in the cell cytoplasm detected a developed granular endoplasmic reticulum. What function has this organella in these cells?
Bile production
Synthesis of blood plasma proteins
Carbohydrate synthesis
Calcium ion depositing
Deintoxicative function
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient came to the hospital complaining about quick fatigability and apparent muscle weakness. Examination revealed an autoimmune disease that causes disorder of functional receptor condition in neuromuscular synapses. What transmitter will be blocked?
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Noradrenalin
Glycine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 35 year old patient revealed high acidity of gastric juice. What receptors should be blocked in order to reduce it?
( ^-adrenoreceptors
a2-adrenoreceptors
Histamine
^-adrenoreceptors
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a young woman revealed a node-like, soft and elastic homogenous tumour of pinkish-white colour along the acoustic nerve. The tumour contains cell bundles with oval nuclei. Cellular fibrous bundles form rhythmic structures made up by parallel rows of regularly oriented cells arranged in form of a palisade with cell-free homogenous zone (Verocay bodies) between them. What tumour is it?
Ganglioneurinoma
Malignant neurinoma
Neurinoma
Neuroblastoma
Ganglioneuroblastoma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 45 year old woman is ill with breast cancer. Her left arm has symptoms of lymphatic system insufficiency - limb edema, lymph node enlargement. What form of lymphatic circulation insufficiency is it?
-
Resorption insufficiency
Mechanic insufficiency
Combined insufficiency
Dynamic insufficiency
‹ Назад
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An endocrinal gland with parenchyma consisting of epithelium and neural tissue is under morphological examination. Epithelial trabecules have two types of cells: chromophilic and chromophobic. Identify this organ:
Hypophysis
Parathyroid gland
Hypothalamus
Thyroid gland
Adrenal glands
‹ Назад
Далі ›
While performing an inguinal canal operation on account of hernia a surgeon damaged the canal’s contents. What exactly was damaged?
Urarchus
Lig. teres uteri
Lig. inguinale
Funiculus spermaticus
-
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 12 year old child has intolerance to some foodstuffs. Their consumption causes an allergic reaction in form of itching skin eruptions. What antihistaminic drug should be admistered so that the child could attend school?
Dimedrol
Diclofenac
Loratadine
Aminophylline
Ephedrine
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A patient that entered the admi- ssion office had the following signs of acute cardiac insufficiency: paleness, acrocyanosis, frequent shallow respiration. What drug is indicated in this case?
Digitoxin
Nitroglycerine
Cordiamin
Adrenaline hydrochloride
Corglycon
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A 26 year old man is in the torpid shock phase as a result of a car accident. In blood: 3, 2 • 109 /l. What is the leading mechanism of leukopenia development?
Lysis of leukocytes in the blood-forming organs
Redistribution of leukocytes in bloodstream
Disturbed going out of mature leukocytes from the marrow into the blood
Intensified elimination of leukocytes from the organism
Leikopoiesis inhibition
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A patient had hemorrhagic stroke. Blood examination revealed strengthened kinin concentration.The patient was prescribed contrical. It was administered in order to inhibit the following proteinase:
Collagenase
Trypsin
Pepsin
Kallikrein
Chemotrypsin
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A patient with bacterial pneumonia was prescribed benzylpenicillin. What is the mechanism of its antibacterial effect?
Antagonism with p-amino-benzoic acid
Inhibition of intracellular protein synthesis
Inhibition of synthesis of microorganism wall
Abnormal permeability of cytoplasmic membrane
Inhibition of SH-groups of microorganism enzymes
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Hartnup disease is caused by point mutation of only one gene which results in disturbance of tryptophane absorption in the bowels and its resorption in the renal tubules. It is the reason for disorder of both digestive and urination systems. What genetic phenomenon is observed in this case?
Pleiotropy
Polymery
Complementary interaction
Semidominance
Codominance
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A patient who has been treated in a neural clinic and has been taking a sedative for a long time got the following complication: cough, rhinitis, epiphora. What drug caused these disturbances?
Diazepam
Reserpine
Valerian
Sodium bromide
Phenazepam
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In order to accelerate healing of a radiation ulcer a vitamin drug was administered. What drug is it?
Retinol acetate
Prednisolone
Levamisole
Methyluracil
Retabolil
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Inoculum from pharynx of a patient ill with angina was inoculated into blood-tellurite agar. It resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies 4-5 mm in diameter. Grampositive bacilli with clublike thickenings on their ends placed in form of spread wide apart fingers are visible by microscope. What microorganisms are these?
Botulism clostridia
Streptobacilli
Streptococci
Diphtheria corynebacteria
Diphtheroids
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Plasmic factors of blood coagulation are exposed to post-translational modification with the participation of vitamin K. It is necessary as a cofactor in the enzyme system of 7-carboxylation of protein factors of blood coagulation due to the increased affinity of their molecules with calcium ions. What amino acid is carboxylated in these proteins?
Valine
Arginine
Serine
Glutamic
Phenylalanine
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Pharmacological effects of antidepressants are connected with inhibition of an enzyme catalyzing biogenic amines noradrenaline and serotonine in the mi-tochondrions of cerebral neurons. What enzyme participates in this process?
Transaminase
Decarboxylase
Monoamine oxidase
Lyase
Peptidase
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An oncological patient was prescribed methotrexate. With the lapse of time target cells of the tumour lost susceptibility to this drug. There is change of gene expression of the folowing enzyme:
Thiaminase
Deaminase
Folate oxidase
Folate decarboxylase
Dehydrofolate reductase
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As a result of prophylactic medical examination a 7 year old boy was diagnosed with LeschNyhan syndrome (only boys fall ill with it). The boy’s parents are healthy but his grandfather by his mother’s side suffers from the same disease. What type of disease inheritance is it?
Autosomal dominant
Recessive, sex-linked
Autosomal recessive
Dominant, sex-linked
Semidominance
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Planned mass vaccination of all newborn 5-7 day old children against tuberulosis plays an important role in tuberculosis prevention. In this case the following vaccine is applied:
Adsorbed diphtheria vaccine
Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
Diphtheria and tetanus anatoxin vaccine
BCG
-
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A patient with hypertensic crisis was admitted to the cardiological department, he was injected intravenously with an anti- hypertensive drug - salt of an alkaline-earth metal. What drug was injected?
Benzohexamethonium
Sodium hydrocarbonate
Calcium lactate
Magnesium sulfate
Potassium chloride
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In course of a small pelvis operation it became necessary to ligate an ovarian artery. What formation may be accidentally ligated together with it?
Ureter
Internal iliac vein
Round ligament of uterus
Uterine tube
Urethra
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A patient with acute morphine poisoning was delivered to a hospital. What specific narcotic antagonist should be chosen in this case?
Methacin
Paracetamol
Digoxin
Naloxone
Unithiol
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The upper lobe of the right lung is enlarged, grey and airless, the inscisi-on surface is dripping with turbid liquid, the pleura has many fibrinogenous films; microscopical examination of alveoles revealed exudate containing neutrophils, desquamated alveolocytes and fibrin fibers. The bronchus wall is intact. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Influenzal pneumonia
Focal pneumonia
Pulmonary abscess
Interstitial pneumonia
Croupous pneumonia
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A 28 year old patient had high arterial pressure, hematuria and facial edemata. In spite of treatment renal insufficiency was progressing. 6 months later the patient died from uremia. Microscopic examination of his kidneys and their glomerules revealed proliferation of capsule nephrothelium and of podocytes with 'demilune' formation, sclerosis and hyalinosis of glomerules. What disease corresponds with the described picture?
Subacute glomerulonephritis
Nephrotic syndrome
Acute glomerulonephritis
Acute pyelonephritis
Chronic glomerulonephritis
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A patient with a knife wound in the left lumbal part was delivered to the emergency hospital. In course of operation a surgeon found that internal organs were not damaged but the knife injured one of muscles of renal pelvis. What muscle is it?
Greater psoas muscle
Abdominal internal oblique muscle
Abdominal external oblique muscle
Erector muscle of spine
Iliac muscle
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A man with a stab wound in the area of quadrilateral foramen applied to a doctor. Examination revealed that the patient was unable to draw his arm asi- de from his body. What nerve is most probably damaged?
N. axillaris
N.medianus
N.ulnaris
N.radialis
N.subclavius
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Autopsy of a man ill with severe hypothyroidism revealed that connective tissue, organ stroma, adipose and cartilaginous tissues were swollen, semitransparent, mucus-like. Microscopic examination of tissues revealed stellate cells having processes with mucus between them. What type of dystrophy is it?
Stromal-vascular adipose
Parenchymatous adipose
Stromal-vascular proteinaceous
Parenchymatous proteinaceous
Stromal-vascular carbohydrate
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