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After consumption of rich food a patient has nausea and heartburn, steatorrhea. This condition might be caused by:
Disturbed tripsin synthesis
Amylase deficiency
Bile acid deficiency
Disturbed phospholipase synthesis
Increased lipase secretion
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An infant has apparent diarrhea resulting from improper feeding. One of the main diarrhea effects is plentiful excretion of sodium bicarbonate. What form of acid-base balance disorder is the case?
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
No disorders of acid-base balance will be observed
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic acidosis
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A3 year old child with fever was given aspirin. It resulted in intensified erythrocyte haemolysis. Hemolytic anemia might have been caused by congenital insufficiency of the following enzyme:
Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase
y-glutamiltransferase
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Glucose 6-phosphatase
Glycogen phosphorylase
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A patient is ill with diabetes melli-tus accompanied by hyperglycemia on an empty stomach (7,2 millimole/l). The hyperglycemia rate can be retrospectively estimated (over the last 4-8 weeks before the examination) on the ground of the rate of the following blood plasma protein:
Albumin
Ceruloplasmin
Fibrinogen
C -reactive protein
Glycated hemoglobin
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In course of laparotomy a surgeon revealed gangrenous lesion of descending colon. It was caused by thrombosis of the following artery:
Ileocolic
Superior mesenteric artery
Sinister colic
Median colic
Dexter colic
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A 37 year old patient suffering from obliterating vascular endarteritis of lower limbs takes daily 60 microgram/kilogram of phenylin. Because of presentations of convulsive disorder ( craniocerebral trauma in anamnesis) he was prescribed phenobarbital. Withholding this drug caused nasal hemorhage. What is this complication connected with?
Conjugation of phenylin with glucuronic acid
Oxidative deamination of phenylin
Inhibition of microsomal oxidation in liver caused by phenobarbital
Aliphatic hydroxylation of phenobarbi-tal
Induction of enzymes of microsomal oxidation in liver caused by phenobarbital
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A 60 year old patient has impaired perception of high-frequency sounds. These changes were caused by damage of the following auditory analyzer structures:
Tympanic membrane
Main cochlea membrane near the oval window
Eustachian tube
Main cochlea membrane near the helicotrema
Middle ear muscles
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Researchers isolated 5 isoenzymic forms of lactate dehydrogenase from the human blood serum and studied their properties. What property indicates that the isoenzymic forms were isolated from the same enzyme?
The same physicochemical properties
The same electrophoretic mobility
Catalyzation of the same reaction
Tissue localization
The same molecular weight
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It was proved that a molecule of immature mRNA (precursor mRNA) contained more triplets than amino acids found in the synthesized protein. The reason for that is that translation is normally preceded by:
Processing
Replication
Reparation
Mutation
Initiation
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A patient has low rate of magnesium ions that are necessary for affixion of ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum. It is known that it causes disturbance of protein biosynthesis. At what stage is protein biosynthesis impaired?
Replication
Transcription
Amino acid activation
Termination
Translation
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A student takes notes of a lecture. Quality of his notes became significantly worse when his neighbours began talking. What type of conditional reflex inhibition was the cause of it?
External
Delayed
Extinctive
Differentiated
Protective
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A patient ill with neurodermatitis has been taking prednisolone for a long time. Examination revealed high rate of sugar in his blood. This complication is caused by the drug influence upon the following link of carbohydrate metabolism:
Glycogenogenesis activation
Activation of insulin decomposition
Intensification of glucose absorption in the bowels
Gluconeogenesis activation
Inhibition of glycogen synthesis
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Labelled amino acids alanine and tryptophane were injected to a mouse in order to study localization of protein synthesis in its cells. The labelled amino acids will be accumulated near the following organellas:
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Cell centre
Golgi apparatus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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A patient with frequent attacks of stenocardia was prescribed sustak-forte to be taken one tablet twice a day. At first the effect was positive but on the second day stenocardia attacks resumed. What can explain inefficiency of the prescribed drug?
Tachyphylaxis
Cumulation
Dependence
Sensibilization
Idiosyncrasy
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Inflammation of the tympanic cavity (purulent otitis media) was complicated by inflammation of mammillary process sockets. What wall of tympanic cavity did the pus penetrate into the sockets through?
Superior
Anterior
Medial
Lateral
Posterior
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In order to speed up healing of a wound of oral mucosa a patient was prescribed a drug that is a thermostable protein occuring in tears, saliva, mother’s milk as well as in a new-laid hen’s egg. It is known that this protein is a factor of natural resistance of an organism. What is it called?
Imanine
Interleukin
Interferon
Lysozyme
Complement
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An aged man had raise of arterial pressure under a stress. It was caused by activation of:
Functions of adrenal cortex
Hypophysis function
Sympathoadrenal system
Functions of thyroid gland
Parasympathetic nucleus of vagus
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A 20 year old patient complains of general weakness, dizziness, quick fatigability. Blood analysis results: Hb- 80 g/l. Microscopical examination results: erythrocytes are of modified form. This condition might be caused by:
Obturative jaundice
Addison’s disease
Acute intermittent porphyria
Hepatocellular jaundice
Sickle-cell anemia
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Blood minute volume of a 30 year old woman at rest is 5 l/m. What blood volume is pumped through the pulmonary vessels per minute?
5 l
2,5 l
1,5 l
2,0 l
3,75 l
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As a result of long-term starvation the glomerular filtration of a man was accelerated by 20%. The most probable cause of filtration changes under such conditions is:
Fall of oncotic pressure of blood plasma
Increased permeability of renal filter
Rise of systemic arterial pressure
Increase of renal plasma flow
Growth of filtration coefficient
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A patient has yellow skin colour, dark urine, dark-yellow feces. What substance will have strengthened concentration in the blood serum?
Mesobilirubin
Biliverdin
Conjugated bilirubin
Unconjugated bilirubin
Verdoglobin
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A patient consulted a doctor about symmetric dermatitis of open skin areas. It was found out that the patient lived mostly on cereals and ate too little meat, milk and eggs. What vitamin deficiency is the most evident?
Calciferol
Folic acid
Biotin
Tocopherol
Nicotinamide
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A 46 year old patient applied to a doctor complaining about joint pain that becomes stronger the day before weather changes. Blood examination revealed strengthened concentration of uric acid. The most probable cause of the disease is the intensified disintegration of the following substance:
Uridine monophosphate
Cytidine monophosphate
Uridine triphosphate
Thymidine monophosphate
Adenosine monophosphate
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A 38 year old patient suffers from rheumatism in its active phase. What laboratory characteristic of blood serum is of diagnostic importance in case of this pathology?
Uric acid
C-reactive protein
Urea
Transferrin
Creatinine
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ECG of a patient with hyperfunction of thyroid gland showed heart hurry. It is indicated by depression of the following ECG element:
P — T interval
R — R interval
P — Q segment
QRS complex
P — Q interval
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A 62 year woman complains of frequent pain attacks in the area of her chest and backbone, rib fractures. Her doctor suspected myeloma (plasmocytoma). What of the following laboratory characteristics will be of the greatest diagnostic importance?
Hypoglobulinemia
Paraproteinemia
Hyperalbuminemia
Proteinuria
Hypoproteinemia
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While playing volleyball a sportsman made a jump and landed on the outside edge of his foot. He felt acute pain in the talocrural joint, active movements are limited, passive movements are unlimited but painful. A bit later there appeared a swelling in the area of external ankle, the skin became red and warm. What type of peripheral circulation disturbance is the case?
Venous hyperemia
Thrombosis
Arterial hyperemia
Stasis
Embolism
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Bacterioscopic examination of a smear from the pharynx of a diphtheria suspect revealed bacilli with volutine granules. What etiotropic drug should be chosen in this case?
Bacteriophage
Antidiphtheritic antitoxic serum
Interferon
Diphtheritic anatoxin
Eubiotic
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A patient underwent an operation on account of gall bladder excision that resulted in obstruction of Ca absorption through the bowels wall. What vitamin wil stimulate this process?
B12
D:i
PP
K
C
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A woman underwent an operation on account of extrauterine (tubal) pregnancy. In course of the operation the surgeon should ligate the branches of the following arteries:
Uterine and ovarian
Uterine and superior cystic
Superior cystic and ovarian
Uterine and inferior cystic
Inferior cystic and ovarian
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A 6 month old baby ill with bronchitis was taken for an X-ray of chest. Apart of changes associated with bronchi the X-ray film showed a shadow of thymus gland. What might have caused such changes?
It is caused by neoplastic process
It is caused by thymus inflammation
It’s the effect of bronchitis
It is caused by abnormal position
The above-mentioned condition is a normal variant for this age
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A patient complains of frequent diarrheas, especially after consumption of rich food, weight loss. Laboratory examination revealed steatorrhea; his feces were hypocholic. What might have caused such condition?
Lack of pancreatic lipase
Obturation of biliary tracts
Inflammation of mucous membrane of small intestine
Unbalanced diet
Lack of pancreatic phospholipase
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Examination of a patient with pustular skin lesions allowed to isolate a causative agent that forms in the blood agar roundish yellow middle-sized colonies surrounded by haemolysis zone. Smears from the colonies contain irregularshaped clusters of gram-positive cocci. The culture is oxidase- and catalasepositive, ferments mannitol and synthesizes plasmocoagulase. What causative agent was isolated?
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
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A 65 year old man suffering from gout complains of kidney pain. Ultrasound examination revealed renal calculi. The most probable cause of calculi formation is the strengthened concentration of the following substance:
Cystine
Bilirubin
Uric acid
Urea
Cholesterol
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Microscopic examination of a Gram-stained scrape from patient’s tongue revealed oval, round, elongated chains of dark-violet gemmating cells. What disease can be caused by this causative agent?
Actinomycosis
Streptococcic infection
Staphylococcic infection
Diphtheria
Candidosis
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A 44 year old woman complains of general weakness, heart pain, significant increase of body weight. Objectively: moon face, hirsutism, AP is 165/100 mm Hg, height - 164 cm, weight - 103 kg; the fat is mostly accumulated on her neck, thoracic girdle, belly. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of obesity?
Increased mineralocorticoid production
Increased insulin production
Increased production of glucocorticoids
Reduced production of thyroid hormones
Reduced glucagon production
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Blood of a patient with presumable sepsis was inoculated into sugar broth. There appeared bottom sediment. Repeated inoculation into blood agar caused growth of small transparent round colonies surrounded by hemolysis zone. Examination of a smear from the sediment revealed gram-positive cocci in form of long chains. What microorganisms are present in blood of this patient?
Staphylococci
Tetracocci
Streptococci
Sarcina
Micrococci
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2 years ago a patient underwent resection of pyloric part of stomach. He complains of weakness, periodical dark shadows beneath his eyes, dyspnea. In blood: Hb - 70 g/l, erythrocytes - 3,0 • 1012//, colour index - 0,7 What changes of erythrocytes in blood smears are the most typical for this condition?
Macrocytes
Megalocytes
Ovalocytes
Microcytes
Schizocytes
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A patient is ill with hepatocirrhosis. State of antitoxic liver function can be characterized by examination of the following substance exreted by urine:
Hippuric acid
Creatinine
Ammonium salts
Amino acids
Uric acid
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The territory of an old burial ground for animal refuse that hasn’t been used for over 50 years is meant for house building. But soil investigation showed the presense of viable spores of a causative agent causing a very dangerous disease. What microorganism might have been preserved in soil for such a long period of time?
Brucella abortus
Mycobacterium bovis
Francisella tularensis
Bacillus anthracis
Yersinia pestis
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Autopsy of a man who had been working as a miner for many years and died from cardiopulmonary decompensation revealed that his lungs were airless, sclerosed, their apexex had emphysematous changes, the lung surface was greyish-black, the incised lung tissue was coal-black. What disease caused death?
Anthracosis
Talcosis
Asbestosis
Aluminosis
Silicosis
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Microscopy of stained (Ziehl-Neelsen staining) smears taken from the sputum of a patient with chronic pulmonary disease revealed red bacilli. What property of tuberculous bacillus was shown up?
Alkali resistance
Sporification
Alcohol resistance
Capsule formation
Acid resistance
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Parents of a 10 year old boy consulted a doctor about extension of hair-covering, growth of beard and moustache, low voice. Intensified secretion of which hormone must be assumed?
Of cortisol
Of somatotropin
Of oestrogen
Of testosterone
Of progesterone
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Examination of coronary arteries revealed atherosclerotic calcified plaques closing vessel lumen by 1/3. The muscle has multiple whitish layers of connective tissue. What process was revealed in the myocardium?
Diffusive cardiosclerosis
Myocardium infarction
Tiger heart
Postinfarction cardiosclerosis
Myocarditis
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It was revealed that T-lymphocytes were affected by HIV. Virus enzyme -reverse transcriptase ( EVA-dependent DNA polymerase) - catalyzes the synthesis of :
DNA on virus ribosomal RNA
DNA on the matrix of virus mRNA
mRNA on the matrix of virus protein
Viral DNA on DNA matrix
Virus informational RNA on the matrix of DNA
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A 35 year old man with a trauma of his left hand was admitted to the traumatology department. Objectively: cut wound of palmar surface of left hand; middle phalanxes of II-V fingers don’t bend. What muscles are damaged?
Palmar interosseous muscles
Superficial finger flexor
Dorsal interosseous muscles
Profound finger flexor
Lumbrical muscles
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Histological examination of a skin tissue sampling revealed granulomas consisting of macrophagal nodules with lymphocytes and plasmatic cells. There are also some big macrophages with fatty vacuoles containing causative agents of a disease packed up in form of spheres (Virchow’s cells). Granulation tissue is well vascularized. What disease is this granuloma typical for?
Rhinoscleroma
Glanders
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
Lepra
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In order to estimate toxigenity of diphtheria agents obtained from patients the cultures were inoculated on Petri dish with nutrient agar on either side of a filter paper strip that was put into the centre and moistened with antidiphtheric antitoxic serum. After incubation of inoculations in agar the strip-like areas of medium turbidity were found between separate cultures and the strip of filter paper. What immunological reaction was conducted?
Opsonization reaction
Agglutination reaction
Coomb’s test
Rings precipitation reaction
Precipitation gel reaction
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A patient taking clonidine for essential hypertension treatment was using alcohol that caused intense inhibition of central nervous system. What may it be connected with?
Idiosyncrasy
Effect summation
Intoxication
Cumulation
Effect potentiating
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Examination of an ovary specimen stained by hematoxylin-eosine revealed a follicle in which follicular epithelium consisted of 1-2 layers of cubic cells. There was also a bright red membrane around the ovocyte. What follicle is it?
Primary
Mature
Primordial
Secondary
Atretic
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A patient with clinical signs of encephalitis was delivered to the infectious diseases hospital. Anamnesis registers a tick bite. Hemagglutination-inhibition reaction helped to reveal antibodies to the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis in the dilution 1:20 which is not diagnostic. What actions should the doctor take after he had got such result?
To examine the same serum
To apply more sensitive reaction
To repeat examination with another diagnosticum
To repeat the examination with serum taken 10 days later
To deny diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis
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A 40 year old man noticed a reddening and an edema of skin in the area of his neck that later developed into a small abscess. The incised focus is dense, yellowish-green. The pus contains white granules. Histological examination revealed drusen of a fungus, plasmatic and xanthome cells, macrophages. What type of mycosis is the most probable?
Coccidioidomycosis
Candidosis
Aspergillosis
Actinomycosis
Sporotrichosis
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Continuous taking of some drugs foregoing the pregnancy increase the risk of giving birth to a child with genetic defects. What is this effect called?
Embryotoxic effect
Mutagenic effect
Teratogenic effect
Fetotoxical effect
Blastomogenic effect
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A man with a wound of his limb that had been suppurating for a long time died from intioxication. Autopsy revealed extreme emaciation, dehydration, brown atrophy of liver, myocardium, spleen and cross-striated muscles as well as renal amyloidosis. What diagnosis corresponds with the described picture?
Chernogubov’s syndrome
Chroniosepsis
Brucellosis
Septicemia
Septicopyemia
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6 months after labour a woman had uterine hemorrhage. Gynaecological examination of uterine cavity revealed a dark-red tissue with multiple cavities resembling of a 'sponge'. Microscopic examination of a tumour revealed in blood lacunas atypic light epithelial Langhans cells and giant cells of syncyti-otrophoblast. What tumour is it?
Adenocarcinoma
Cystic mole
Fibromyoma
Chorioepithelioma
Squamous cell nonkeratinous carcinoma
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An animal with aortic valve insufficiency got hypertrophy of its left heart ventricle. Some of its parts have local contractures. What substance accumulated in the myocardiocytes caused these contractures?
Carbon dioxide
Potassium
Lactic acid
Calcium
Sodium
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A girl is diagnosed with adrenogenital syndrome (pseudohermaphroditism). This pathology was caused by hypersecretion of the following adrenal hormone:
Estrogen
Cortisol
Adrenalin
Androgen
Aldosterone
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In course of an experiment a big number of stem cells of red bone marrow was in some way destructed. Regeneration of which cell populations in the loose connective tissue will be inhibited?
Of fibroblasts
Of lipocytes
Of pericytes
Of pigment cells
Of macrophags
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Examination of a 70 year old patient rrevealed insulin-dependent diabetes. What drug should be administered?
Mercazolilum
Cortisone
Insulin
Glibenclamid
Parathyroidin
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A human body cools in water much faster that in the air. What way of heat emission in water is much more efficient?
Convection
-
Heat radiation
Heat conduction
Sweat evaporation
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A patient suffering from chronic cardiac insufficiency was recommended to undergo a prophylactic course of treatment with a cardiological drug from the group of cardiac glycosides that is to be taken enterally. What drug was recommended?
Cordiamin
Cordarone
Corglycon
Strophanthine
Digoxin
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An ophthalmologist used a 1% mesaton solution for the diagnostic purpose (pupil dilation for eye-ground examination). What is the cause of mydriasis induced by the drug?
Activation of ai adrenoreceptors
Activation of M-cholinoreceptors
Block of ai adrenoreceptors
Activation of Pi adrenoreceptors
Activation of a2 adrenoreceptors
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Prophylactic medical examination of a 36 year old driver revealed that his AP was 150/90 mm Hg. At the end of working day he usually hears ear noise, feels slight indisposition that passes after some rest. He was diagnosed with essential hypertension. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism in this case?
Nephric
Humoral
Reflexogenic
Neurogenetic
Endocrinal
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A cerebral trauma caused increased ammonia generation. What amino acid participates in the excretion of ammonia from the cerebral tissue?
Tyrosine
Glutamic
Lysine
Valine
Tryptophan
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While studying maximally spiralized chromosomes of human karyotype the process of cell division was stopped in the following phase:
Telophase
Metaphase
Interphase
Anaphase
Prophase
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48 hours after tuberculine test (Mantoux test) a child had a papule 10 mm in diameter on the spot of tuberculine injection. What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies these changes?
Immunocomplex cytotoxicity
Anaphylaxy
Granulomatosis
Cellular cytotoxicity
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
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A patient was admitted to the surgical department with suspected inflammation of Meckel’s diverticulum. What part of bowels should be examined in order to discover the diverticulum in course of an operation?
Jejunum
Caecum
Ileum
Colon ascendens
Duodenum
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Power inputs of a man were measured. In what state was this man if his power inputs were lower than basal metabolism?
Simple work
Relaxation
Sleep
Rest
Nervous tension
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Examination of a newborn boy’s genitalia revealed an urethral hiatus that opens on the undersite of his penis. What malformation is it?
Cryptorhidism
Hypospadias
Monorchism
Epispadia
Hermaphroditism
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A concentrated solution of sodium chloride was intravenously injected to an animal. This caused decreased reabsorption of sodium ions in the renal tubules. It is the result of the following changes of hormonal secretion:
Vasopressin increase
Reduction of atrial natriuretic factor
Aldosterone reduction
Aldosterone increase
Vasopressin reduction
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As a result of destruction of certain brainstem structures an animal has lost its orientative reflexes in response to strong photic stimuli. What structures were destroyed?
Vestibular nuclei
Posterior tubercles of quadrigeminal plate
Anterior tubercles of quadrigeminal plate
Red nuclei
Black substance
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Myocyte cytoplasm contains a big number of dissolved metabolites of glucose oxidation. Name one of them that turns directly into a lactate:
Glycerophosphate
Glucose 6-phosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Oxaloacetate
Pyruvate
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Mother of a 2 year old child consulted a stomatologist. In the period of pregnancy she was irregularly taking antibiotics for an infectious disease. Examination of the child revealed incisor destruction, yellow enamel, brown rim around the dental cervix. What drug has apparent teratogenic effect?
Furosemide
Xantinol nicotinate
Octadine
Ampiox
Doxacycline
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A 59 year old patient is a plant manager. After the tax inspection of his plant he felt intense pain behind his breastbone irradiating to his left arm. 15 minutes later his condition came to normal. Which of the possible mechanisms of stenocardia development is the leading in this case?
Coronary atherosclerosis
Intravascular aggregation of blood corpuscles
Functional heart overload
Coronary thrombosis
High catecholamine concentration in blood
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A patient recovered from Sonne dysentery and was once more infected with the same causative agent. What is such infection form called?
Persisting infection
Chronic infection
Superinfection
Reinfection
Recidivation
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A 56 year old patient came to a hospital with complaints about general weakness, tongue pain and burning, sensation of limb numbness. In the past he underwent resection of forestomach. In blood: Hb- 80 g/l; erythrocytes - 2,0 • 1012/l; colour index - 1,2, leukocytes - 3,5 • 109/l. What anemia type is it?
B12-folate deficient
Posthemorrhagic
Aplastic
Iron-deficient
Hemolytic
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A 35 year old patient applied to a doctor with complaints about having intense rhinitis and loss of sense of smell for a week. Objectively: nasal cavity contains a lot of mucus that covers mucous membrane and blocks olfactory receptors. In what part of nasal cavity are these receptors situated?
Common nasal meatus
Superior nasal turbinate
Median nasal turbinate
Vestibule of nose
Inferior nasal turbinate
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A 17 year old boy fell seriously ill, the body temperature rose up to 38,5oC, there appeared cough, rhinitis, lacrimati-on, nasal discharges. What inflammation is it?
Fibrinous
Catarrhal
Purulent
Hemorrhagic
Serous
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A patient with disturbed cerebral circulation has problems with deglutition. What part of brain was damaged?
Cervical part of spinal cord
Forebrain
Interbrain
Midbrain
Brainstem
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Vitamin B1 deficiency results in disturbance of oxidative decarboxylation of o-ketoglutaric acid. This will disturb synthesis of the following coenzyme:
Lipoic acid
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
Coenzyme A
Thiamine pyrophosphate
Flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
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A chemical burn caused esophagus stenosis. Difficulty of ingestion led to the abrupt loss of weight. In blood: 3,0 • 1012/l, Hb - 106 g/l, crude protein - 57 g/l. What type of starvation is it?
Proteinic
Incomplete
Absolute
Water
Complete
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A 30 year old woman has face edemata. Examination revealed proteinuria (5,87 g/l), hypoproteinemia, dysproteinemia, hyperlipidemia. What condition is the set of these symptoms typical for?
Acute renal failure
Nephritic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome
Chronic pyelonephritis
Chronic renal failure
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Skin of a man who died from cardiac insufficiency has an eruption in form of spots' and specks. There are also bedsores in the area of sacrum and spinous vertebral processes. Microscopical examination of CNS, skin, adrenal glands revealed in the vessels of microcirculatory bed and in small arteries destructive-proliferative endothrombovasculitis with Popov’s granulomas; interstitial myocarditis. What diagnosis corresponds with the described picture?
Nodular periarteritis
HIV
Enteric fever
Q fever
Spotted fever
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Autopsy of a man who died from the sepsis in his femoral bone revealed phlegmonous inflammation that affected the marrow, haversian canals and periosteum. Under the periosteum there are multiple abscesses, adjoining soft tissues of thigh also have signs of phlegmonous inflammation. What pathological process was described?
Chronic hematogenous osteomielitis
Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis
-
Osteoporosis
Osteopetrosis
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A patient has a decreased vasopressin synthesis that causes polyuria and as a result of it evident organism dehydratati-on. What is the mechanism of polyuria development?
Reduced tubular reabsorption of protein
Reduced tubular reabsorption of water
Reduced tubular reabsorption of Na ions
Reduced glucose reabsorption
Acceleration of glomerular filtration
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A patient with nephrotic syndrome has massive edemata of his face and limbs. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of edemata development?
Drop of oncotic blood pressure
Increase of vascular permeability
Rise of hydrodynamic blood pressure
Increase of lymph outflow
Lymphostasis
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Examination of a 55 year old woman revealed under the skin of submandibular area a movable slowly growing pasty formation with distinct borders 1,0x0,7 cm large. Histological examination revealed lipocytes that form segments of diffrent forms and sizes separated from each other by thin layers of connective tissue with vessels. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Lipoma
Fibrosarcoma
Angioma
Fibroma
Liposarcoma
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An unconscious young man with signs of morphine poisoning entered admission office. His respiration is shallow and infrequent which is caused by inhibition of respiratory centre. What type of respiratory failure is it?
Perfusive
Diffusive
Ventilative restrictive
Ventilative obstructive
Ventilative dysregulatory
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A patient with cholelithiasis fell ill with mechanic jaundice. Examinati- on revealed that the stone was in the common bile duct. What bile-excreting ducts make up the obturated duct?
Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus cysticus
Ductus hepaticus dexter et ductus cysti-cus
Ductus hepaticus communis et ductus choledochus
Ductus hepaticus dexter et sinister
Ductus hepaticus sinister et ductus cysticus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient is 44 years old. Laboratory examination of his blood revealed that content of proteins in plasma was 40 g/l. What influence will be exerted on the transcapillary water exchange?
Filtration will be decreased, reabsorption - increased
Filtration will be increased, reabsorption - decreased
Both filtration and reabsorption will be increased
Both filtration and reabsorption will be decreased
Exchange will stay unchanged
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The cerebrospinal fluid is being examined for the purpose of diffrential meningitis diagnostics. At what site is the lumbal puncture safe?
L III-L IV
Th XII-L I
L I-L II
L V-SI
L II-L III
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An isolated cell of human heart automatically generates excitement impulses with frequency of 60 times per minute. This cell was taken from the following heart structure :
His’ bundle
Atrium
Atrioventricular node
Sinoatrial node
Ventricle
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 60 year old patient revealed hyperglycemia and glucosuria. A doctor administered him a medication for internal use. What medication is it?
Pancreatine
Corglycon
Glibenclamid
Oxytocin
Furosemide
‹ Назад
Далі ›
As a result of posttranslative modifications some proteins taking part in blood coagulation, particularly prothrombin, become capable of calcium binding. The following vitamin takes part in this process:
A
K
Bi
C
B2
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a man who had been working hard under higher temperature of the environment revealed abnormal quantity of blood plasma proteins. What phenomenon is the case?
Paraproteinemia
Dysproteinemia
Relative hyperproteinemia
Absolute hyperproteinemia
Absolute hypoproteinemia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with thrombophlebitis of his lower limbs had chest pain, blood spitting, progressing respiratory insufficiency that led to his death. Autopsy diagnosed multiple lung infarctions. What is the most probable cause of their development?
Thrombosis of bronchial arteries
Thrombosis of pulmonary artery branches
Thrombosis of pulmonary veins
Thromboembolism of bronchial arteries
Thromboembolism of pulmonary artery branches
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman suffering from osteochondrosis felt acute pain in her humeral articulation that became stronger when she abducted her shoulder. These symptoms might be caused by damage of the following nerve:
Axillary nerve
Subclavicular nerve
Throracodorsal nerve
Dorsal scapular nerve
Subscapular nerve
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has a deep cut wound on the posterior surface of his shoulder in its middle third. What muscle might be injured?
Triceps muscle of arm
Biceps muscle of arm
Coracobrachial muscle
Brachial muscle
Anconeus muscle
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has acne on his face. Mi- crospcopic examination of scrapings from the affected areas revealed living porrect vermiform arthropoda 0,2-0,5 mm large with four pairs of short extremities in the front part of their bodies. What is the laboratory diagnosis?
Demodicosis
Myiasis
Phthiriasis
Scabies
Pediculosis
‹ Назад
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A 28 year old man had a gunshot wound of shin that resulted in an ulcer from the side of the injury. What is the main factor of neurodystrophy pathogenesis in this case?
Psychical stress
Infection
Tissue damage
Traumatization of peripheral nerve
Microcirculation disturbance
‹ Назад
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A 45 year old man consulted a doctor about a plaque-like formation on his neck. Histological examination of a skin bi-optate revealed clusters of round and oval tumour cells with a narrow border of basophilic cytoplasm resembling of cells of basal epidermal layer. What tumour is it?
Syringoadenoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Epidermal cancer
Hydroadenoma
Trichoepithelioma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with essential hypertension was recommended a drug that prevents thrombosis. It is to be taken parenterally. What drug is it?
Heparin
Amben
Protamine sulfate
Neodicumarin
Syncumar
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Packed cell volume of a man was 40% before the trauma. What packed cell volume will be observed 24 hours after blood loss of 750 ml?
30%
45 %
50 %
55 %
40 %
‹ Назад
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Two hours after an exam a student had a blood count done and it was revealed that he had leukocytosis without significant leukogram modifications. What is the most probable mechanism of leukocytosis development?
Deceleration of leukocyte migration to the tissues
Leukopoiesis intensification and deceleration of leukocyte lysis
Redistribution of leukocytes in the organism
Deceleration of leukocyte lysis
Leukopoiesis intensification
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Golgi complex exports substances from a cell due to the fusion of the membrane saccule with the cell membrane. The saccule contents flows out. What process is it?
Endocytosis
All answers are false
Active transport
Exocytosis
Facilitated diffusion
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A boy found a spider with the following morphological characteristics: it is 2 cm long, has roundish black abdomen with two rows of red spots' on its dorsal side; four pairs of jointed limbs are covered with small black hairs. What arthropod is it?
Solpuga
Karakurt spider
Mite
Tarantula
Scorpion
‹ Назад
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A 3 year old child with symptoms of stomatitis, gingivitis and dermatitis of open skin areas was delivered to a hospital. Examination revealed inherited disturbance of neutral amino acid transporting in the bowels. These symptoms were caused by the deficiency of the following vitamin:
Vitamin A
Biotin
Niacin
Cobalamin
Pantothenic acid
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with suspected diagnosis 'progressing muscular dystrophy' got his urine tested. What compound will confirm this diagnosis if found in urine?
Calmodulin
Kreatine
Porphyrin
Collagen
Myoglobin
‹ Назад
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A patient being treated for viral hepatitis type B got symptoms of hepatic insufficiency. What blood changes indicative of protein metabolism disorder will be observed in this case?
Absolute hypoalbuminemia
Absolute hyperfibrinogenemia
Absolute hyperglobulinemia
Absolute hyperalbuminemia
Proteinic blood composition is unchanged
‹ Назад
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A pregnant woman had her blood group identified. Reaction of erythrocyte agglutination with standard serums of 0aft (I), Ba (III) groups didn’t proceed with standard serum of Aft (II) group. The blood group under examination is:
Ba (III)
-
AB (IV)
0 aft (I )
Aft (II)
‹ Назад
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A sensitive neural ganglion consists of roundish neurocytes with one extension that divides into axon and dendrite at some distance from the perikaryon. What are these cells called?
Multipolar
Pseudounipolar
Apolar
Bipolar
Unipolar
‹ Назад
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A doctor examined a child and revealed symptoms of rachitis. Development of this desease was caused by deficiency of the following compound:
Naphtaquinone
Biotin
Tocopherol
Retinol
1,25 [OH]-dichydroxycholecalciferol
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Далі ›
An embryo displays disturbed process of dorsal mesoderm segmentation and somite formation. What part of skin will have developmental abnormalities?
Derma
Epidermis
Hair
Sudoriferous glands
Sebaceous glands
‹ Назад
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It was found out that some compounds, for instance fungi toxins and some antibiotics can inhibit activity of ENA-polymerase. What process will be disturbed in a cell in case of inhibition of this enzyme?
Processing
Replication
Transcription
Translation
Reparation
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A 7 year old child is ill with bronchitis. It is necessary to administer him an antibacterial drug. What drug of fluoroquinolone group is CONTRAINDICATED at this age?
Amoxicillin
Ampiox
Ampicillin
Sulfadimethoxine
Cyprofloxacin
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A culture of monkey cells (Vero) and a group of mouse sucklings were infected with an inoculum taken from a child with provisional diagnosis 'enterovirus infection'. There was no cytopathic effect on the cell culture but mouse sucklings died. What enteric viruses might have caused disease of this child?
Coxsackie B
Unclassified enteric viruses 68-71
ECHO virus
Coxsackie A
Polioviruses
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A patient died from cardiopulmonary decompensation. Histological examination revealed diffused pulmonary lesion together with interstitial edema, infiltration of tissue by limphocytes, macrophages, plasmocytes; pulmonary fibrosis, panacinar emphysema. What disease corresponds with the described picture?
Chronic bronchitis
Fibrosing alveolitis
Bronchopneumonia
Bronchial asthma
Pulmonary atelectasis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Vagus branches that innervate heart are being stimulated in course of an experiment. As a result of it the excitement conduction from atria to the ventricles was brought to a stop. It is caused by electrophysical changes in the following structures:
His’ bundle
Ventricles
Atrioventricular node
Atria
Sinoatrial node
‹ Назад
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If a man has an attack of bronchi-ospasm it is necessary to reduce the effect of vagus on smooth muscles of bronchi. What membrane cytoreceptors should be blocked for this purpose?
3- adrenoreceptors
a- and 3-adrenoreceptors
N-cholinoreceptors
^-adrenoreceptors
M-cholinoreceptors
‹ Назад
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A patient of surgical department complains about pain in the small of her back and in the lower part of her belly; painful and frequent urination. Bacteriological examination of urine revealed gram-negative oxidase-positive rod-like bacteria forming greenish mucoid colonies with specific smell. What causative agent can it be?
Str.pyogenes
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
E.coli
Mycoplasma pneumonie
Proteus mirabilis
‹ Назад
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There are several groups of molecular mechanisms playing important part in pathogenesis of insult to cells which contributes to the pathology development. What processes are stimulated by proteinic damage mechanisms?
Acidosis
Enzyme inhibition
Lipid peroxidation
Phospholipase activation
Osmotic membrane distension
‹ Назад
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A child was born with cleft palate. Examination revealed aorta defects and reduced number of T-lymphocytes in blood. What immunodeficient syndrome is it?
DiGeorge
Chediak-Higashi
Louis-Bar
Swiss-type
Wiskott-Aldrich
‹ Назад
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A 16 year old boy after an illness has diminished function of protein synthesis in liver as a result of vitamin K deficiency. It will cause disturbance of:
Erythropoietin secretion
Anticoagulant generation
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Blood coagulation
Osmotic blood pressure
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Life cycle of a cell includes the process of DNA autoreduplication. As a result of it monochromatid chromosomes turn into bichromatid ones. What period of cell cycle does this phenomenon fall into?
G0
5
M
Gi
G2
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A driver who got a trauma in a road accident and is shocked has reduction of daily urinary output down to 300 ml. What is the main pathogenetic factor of such diuresis change?
Drop of arterial pressure
Increased vascular permeability
Decreased number of functioning glomerules
Secondary hyperaldosteronism
Drop of oncotic blood pressure
‹ Назад
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Systemic arterial pressure of an adult dropped from 120/70 to 90/50 mm Hg that led to reflectory vasoconstriction. The vasoconstriction will be maximal in the following organ:
Adrenals
Brain
Bowels
Heart
Kidneys
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 12 year old boy with developmental lag revealed achondroplasia: disproportional constitution with evident shortening of upper and lower limbs as a result of growth disorder of epiphyseal cartilages of long tubal bones. This disease is:
Acquired
Inherited, dominant
Congenital
Inherited, sex-linked
Inherited, recessive
‹ Назад
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A patient was diagnosed with autoimmune hemolitic cytotoxic anemia. What substances are antigens in II type allergic reactions?
Antibiotics
Serum proteins
Hormones
Inflammation modulators
Modified receptors of cell membranes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
While performing an operation in the area of axillary crease a surgeon has to define an arterial vessel surrounded by fascicles of brachial plexus. What artery is it?
A.axillaris
A.vertebralis
A.subscapularis
A.profunda brachii
A.transversa colli
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient takes digoxin for treatment of cardiac insufficiency. What diuretic may increase digoxin toxicity due to the intensified excretion of K + ions?
Hydrochlorothiazide
Spironolactone
Lisinopril
Siliborum
Panangine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During starvation muscle proteins break up into free amino acids. These compounds will be the most probably involved into the following process:
Glycogenolysis
Gluconeogenesis in liver
Gluconeogenesis in muscles
Decarboxylation
Synthesis of higher fatty acids
‹ Назад
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A patient ill with amebiasis was prescribed a certain drug. The use of alcohol together with this drug is contraindicated because the drug inhibits metabolism of ethyl alcohol. What drug is it?
Clonidine
Reserpine
Metronidazole
Diazepam
Aminazine
‹ Назад
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Surgical removal of a part of stomach resulted in disturbed absorption of vitamin B12, it is excreted with feces. The patient was diagnosed with anemia. What factor is necessary for absorption of this vitamin?
Gastromucoprotein
Folic acid
Hydrochloric acid
Gastrin
Pepsin
‹ Назад
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A patient ill with chronic cardiac insufficiency was prescribed an average therapeutic dose of digoxin. Two weeks after begin of its taking there appeared symptoms of drug intoxication ( bradycardia, extrasystole, nausea). Name the phenomenon that caused accumulation of the drug in the organism?
Tolerance
Functional cumulation
Material cumulation
Idiosyncrasy
Tachyphylaxis
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In course of a preventive examination of a miner a doctor revealed changes of cardiovascular fitness which was indicative of cardiac insufficiency at the compensation stage. What is the main proof of cardiac compensation?
Cyanosis
Dyspnea
Myocardium hypertrophy
Tachycardia
Rise of arterial pressure
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Далі ›
Rest potential of a cell equals —80 mV. At what stage of action potential did the membrane potential equal +30 mV?
After depolarization
-
After hyperpolarization
Reverse polarization
Depolarization
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A 35 year old man got an injury that caused complete disruption of spinal cord at the level of the first cervical segment. What respiration changes will be observed?
Diaphragmal respiration will be maintained, thoracic respiration will disappear
It will come to a standstill
Thoracic respiration will be maintained, diaphragmal respiration will disappear
No changes will be observed
It will become infrequent and deep
‹ Назад
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In course of an experiment a peripheral section of vagus of an expiremental animal is being stimulated. What changes will be observed?
Increase of respiration rate
Pupil dilation
Heart rate fall
Bronchi dilation
Heart hurry
‹ Назад
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2 hours after a skeletal extension was performed to a 27 year old patient with multiple traumas (closed injury of chest, closed fracture of right thigh) his condition abruptly became worse and the patient died from acute cardiopulmonary decompensation. Histological examination of pulmonary and cerebral vessels stained with Sudan III revealed orange drops occluding the vessel lumen. What complication of polytrauma was developed?
Gaseous embolism
Air embolism
Microbal embolism
Thromboembolism
Fat embolism
‹ Назад
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In course of severe respiratory viral infection there appeared clinical signs of progressing cardiac insufficiency that caused death of a patient in the 2nd week of disease. Autopsy revealed that the heart was sluggish, with significant cavity dilatation. Histological examination of myocardium revealed plephora of microvessels and diffuse infiltration of stroma by lymphocytes and histiocytes. What disease corresponds with the described picture?
Myocardium infarction
Stenocardia
Acute coronary insufficiency
Myocarditis
Cardiomyopathy
‹ Назад
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A specimen stained by Ozheshko method contains rod-like microorganisms stained blue with round terminal components stained red. What are these components called?
Flagella
Cilia
Mesosomas
Capsules
Spores
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A 38 year old patient with full-blown jaundice, small cutaneous hemorrhages, general weakness and loss of appetite underwent puncture biopsy of liver. Histological examination revealed disseminated dystrophy, hepatocyte necrosis, Councilman’s bodies. Lobule periphery has signs of significant infiltration by lymphocytes, there are also individual multinuclear hepatocytes. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Acute alcoholic hepatitis
Toxic degeneration of liver
Miliary hepatic cirrhosis
Acute viral hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis
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A man with an injury of the dorsal area of his neck was admitted to the resuscitation department. What muscle occupies this area?
M.sternocleidomastoideus
M.scalenus anterior
M.trapezius
M.rhomboideus minor
M.latissimus dorsi
‹ Назад
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In course of an experiment a toad’s right labyrinth was destroyed. It will cause amyotonia of the following muscles:
Left flexors
Right and left extensors
Left extensors
Right extensors
Right flexors
‹ Назад
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A 20 year old patient died from intoxication 8 days after artificial illegal abortion performed in her 14-15th week of pregnancy. Autopsy of the corpse revealed yellowish colour of eye sclera and of skin, necrotic suppurative endometritis, multiple pulmonary abscesses, spleen hyperplasia with a big number of neutrophils in its sinuses. What complication after abortion was developed?
Hemorrhagic shock
Septicopyemia
Viral hepatitis type A
Chroniosepsis
Septicemia
‹ Назад
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A patient complains of dizziness and hearing loss. What nerve is damaged?
Trigeminus
Trochlear
Vagus
Sublingual
Vestibulocochlear
‹ Назад
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A 6 year old child was delivered to a hospital. Examination revealed that the child couldn’t fix his eyes, didn’t keep his eyes on toys, eye ground had the cherry-red spot sign. Laboratory analyses showed that brain, liver and spleen had high rate of ganglioside glycometide. What congenital disease is the child ill with?
Niemann-Pick disease
Wilson’s syndrome
Turner’s syndrome
Tay-Sachs disease
MacArdle disease
‹ Назад
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A patient has a cluster of matted together dense lymph nodes on his neck. Histological examination of a removed lymph node revealed proliferation of reticular cells, presense of Reed-Sternberg cells. What disease is meant?
Myeloblastic leukosis
Myelocytic leukosis
Lymphocytic leukosis
Lymphoblastic leukosis
Lymphogranulomatosis
‹ Назад
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While palpating mammary gland of a patient a doctor revealed an induration in form of a node in the inferior medial quadrant. Metastases may extend to the following lymph nodes:
Profound lateral cervical
Parasternal
Bronchopulmonary
Superior diaphragmal
Posterior mediastinal
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A pregnant woman was registered in an antenatal clinic and underwent complex examination for a number of infections. Blood serum contained IgM to the rubella virus. What is this result indicative of?
The woman is healthy
Of exacerbation of a chronic disease
Of primary infection
Of recurring infection with rubella virus
Of a chronic process
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Parents of a 3 year old child have been giving him antibiotics with purpose of preventing enteric infections for a long time. A month later the child’s condition changed for the worse. Blood examination revealed apparent leukopenia and granulocytopenia. What is the most probable mechanism of blood changes?
Autoimmune
Age-specific
Myelotoxic
Hemolytic
Redistributive
‹ Назад
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A pathological process in bronchi resulted in epithelium desquamation. What cells will regenerate bronchial epithelium?
Goblet
Basal
Intercalary
Ciliate
Endocrinal
‹ Назад
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A patient ill with tuberculosis died from progressing cardiopulmonary decompensation. Autopsy in the area of the right lung apex revealed a cavity 5 cm in diameter communicating with lumen of a segmental bronchus. On the inside cavity walls are covered with caseous masses with epithelioid and Langhans cells beneath them. What morphological form of tuberculosis is it?
Tuberculoma
Caseous pneumonia
Acute cavernous tuberculosis
Acute focal tuberculosis
Infiltrative tuberculosis
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Workers of a hothouse farm work under conditions of unfavourable microclimate: air temperature is +37oC, relative humidity is 90%, air speed is 0,2 m/s. The way of heat emission under these conditions will be:
All the ways
Convection
Heat conduction
Evaporation
Radiation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A gynaecologist was examining a patient and revealed symptoms of genital tract inflammation. A smear from vagina contains pyriform protozoa with a spine, flagella at their front; there is also an undulating membrane. What disease can be suspected?
Intestinal trichomoniasis
Urogenital trichomoniasis
Balantidiasis
Lambliasis
Toxoplasmosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A boy has I (I°I°) blood group and his sister has IV (IAIB) blood group. What blood groups do their parents have?
I (I°I°) and III (IBI°)
II (IAI°) and III (IBI0)
II (IAIA) and III (IBI°)
III (IBI°) and IV (IAIB)
I (I°I°) and IV (IAIB)
‹ Назад
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A patient ill with enteritis accompanied by massive diarrhea has low water rate in the extracellular space, high water rate inside the cells and low blood osmolari-ty. What is such disturbance of water-electrolytic metabolism called?
Hyperosmolar hypohydration
Hypo-osmolar hyperhydration
Osmolar hypohydration
Hypo-osmolar hypohydration
Hyperosmolar hyperhydration
‹ Назад
Далі ›
For the purpose of myocardium infarction treatment a patient was injected with embryonal stem cells derived from this very patient by means of therapeutic cloning . What transplantation type is it?
Isotransplantation
Xenotransplantation
Heterotransplantation
Autotransplantation
Allotransplantation
‹ Назад
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A histological specimen of spleen shows a vessel with a wall consisting of endothelium and subendothelial layer, median membrane is absent, exterior membrane inosculates with the layers of spleen connective tissue. What vessel is it?
Arteriole
Vein of non-muscular type
Artery of muscular type
Capillary
Vein of muscular type
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In course of a conditional experiment the development of mesenchyma cells was completely inhibited. Development of the following muscular tissue will be disturbed:
Epidermal muscular tissue
Skeletal muscular tissue
Cardiac muscular tissue
Neural muscular tissue
Smooth muscular tissue
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with chronic gastritis went for endogastric pH-metry that allowed to reveal decreased acidity of gastric juice. It is indicative of diminished function of the following cells:
Cervical cells
Parietal exocrinocytes
Accessory cells
Chief exocrinocytes
Endocrinocytes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Vagi of an experimental animal were cut on both sides. What respiration changes will be observed?
It will become deep and infrequent
It will become shallow and frequent
It will become shallow and infrequent
No changes will be observed
It will become deep and frequent
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 70 year old man is ill with vascular atherosclerosis of lower extremities and coronary heart disease. Examination revealed disturbance of lipidic blood composition. The main factor of atherosclerosis pathogenesis is the excess of the following lipoproteins:
Cholesterol
Low-density lipoproteins
High-density lipoproteins
Chylomicrons
Intermediate density lipoproteins
‹ Назад
Далі ›
On the 2-3rd day after stomach resection intestinal peristalsis wasn’t restored. What is to be administered for stimulation of gastrointestinal tract?
Acetylcholine
Proserin
Atropine sulfate
Prasosin
Cyclodole
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A cardiac electric stimulator was implanted to a 75 year old man with heart rate of 40 bpm. Thereafter the heart rate rose up to 70 bpm. The electric stimulator has undertaken the function of the following heart part:
His’ bundle fibers
Atrioventricular node
Sinoatrial node
Purkinje’s fibers
His’ bundle branches
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A stomatologist injected a patient with a certain drug in order to reduce salivation during tooth filling. What drug is it?
Atropine sulfate
Mesaton
Pilocarpine hydrochloride
Adrenaline hydrochloride
Proserin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 30 year old woman has applied a lipstick with a fluorescent substance for a long time. Then she got a limited erythema and slight peeling on her lip border, later there appeared transversal striae and cracks. Special methods of microscopic examination of the affected area helped to reveal sensibilized lymphocytes and macrophages in the connective tissue; cytolysis. What type of immunological hypersensitivity was developed?
Granulomatosis
IV type (cellular cytotoxicity)
I type (reaginic)
III type (immune complex cytotoxicity)
II type (antibody cytotoxicity)
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with essential arterial hypertension had a hypertensic crisis that resulted in an attack of cardiac asthma. What is the leading mechanism of cardiac insufficiency in this case?
Myocardium damage
Blood supply disturbance
Heart overload caused by increased blood volume
Absolute coronary insufficiency
Heart overload caused by high pressure
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A man who has been taking a drug for a long time cannot withhold it because this causes impairment of psychic, somatic and vegetative functions. Name the syndrome of different disturbances caused by drug discontinuation:
Idiosyncrasy
Abstinence
Cumulation
Sensibilization
Tachyphylaxis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient consulted a stomatologist about purulent inflammation of his gums. What drug will be the most effective if it is suspected that a causative agent is an anaerobe?
Oxacillin sodium
Metronidazole
Co-trimoxazole
Gentamicin
Nitroxoline
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Rats being under stress have muscular hypertonia and high arterial pressure, high glucose concentration in blood and intensified secretion of corticotropin and corticosteroids. In what stress phase are these animals?
Antishock phase
Shock phase
Terminal
Erectile
Exhaustion
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Ultramicroscopical examination of 'dark' hepatocyte population in the cell cytoplasm detected a developed granular endoplasmic reticulum. What function has this organella in these cells?
Carbohydrate synthesis
Deintoxicative function
Calcium ion depositing
Bile production
Synthesis of blood plasma proteins
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient came to the hospital complaining about quick fatigability and apparent muscle weakness. Examination revealed an autoimmune disease that causes disorder of functional receptor condition in neuromuscular synapses. What transmitter will be blocked?
Noradrenalin
Serotonin
Glycine
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 35 year old patient revealed high acidity of gastric juice. What receptors should be blocked in order to reduce it?
^-adrenoreceptors
( ^-adrenoreceptors
a2-adrenoreceptors
Histamine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a young woman revealed a node-like, soft and elastic homogenous tumour of pinkish-white colour along the acoustic nerve. The tumour contains cell bundles with oval nuclei. Cellular fibrous bundles form rhythmic structures made up by parallel rows of regularly oriented cells arranged in form of a palisade with cell-free homogenous zone (Verocay bodies) between them. What tumour is it?
Neurinoma
Ganglioneurinoma
Ganglioneuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma
Malignant neurinoma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 45 year old woman is ill with breast cancer. Her left arm has symptoms of lymphatic system insufficiency - limb edema, lymph node enlargement. What form of lymphatic circulation insufficiency is it?
Combined insufficiency
-
Resorption insufficiency
Mechanic insufficiency
Dynamic insufficiency
‹ Назад
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An endocrinal gland with parenchyma consisting of epithelium and neural tissue is under morphological examination. Epithelial trabecules have two types of cells: chromophilic and chromophobic. Identify this organ:
Adrenal glands
Thyroid gland
Hypothalamus
Parathyroid gland
Hypophysis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
While performing an inguinal canal operation on account of hernia a surgeon damaged the canal’s contents. What exactly was damaged?
Funiculus spermaticus
-
Urarchus
Lig. teres uteri
Lig. inguinale
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 12 year old child has intolerance to some foodstuffs. Their consumption causes an allergic reaction in form of itching skin eruptions. What antihistaminic drug should be admistered so that the child could attend school?
Loratadine
Diclofenac
Dimedrol
Aminophylline
Ephedrine
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A patient that entered the admi- ssion office had the following signs of acute cardiac insufficiency: paleness, acrocyanosis, frequent shallow respiration. What drug is indicated in this case?
Cordiamin
Corglycon
Adrenaline hydrochloride
Nitroglycerine
Digitoxin
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A 26 year old man is in the torpid shock phase as a result of a car accident. In blood: 3, 2 • 109 /l. What is the leading mechanism of leukopenia development?
Intensified elimination of leukocytes from the organism
Leikopoiesis inhibition
Lysis of leukocytes in the blood-forming organs
Disturbed going out of mature leukocytes from the marrow into the blood
Redistribution of leukocytes in bloodstream
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A patient had hemorrhagic stroke. Blood examination revealed strengthened kinin concentration.The patient was prescribed contrical. It was administered in order to inhibit the following proteinase:
Trypsin
Collagenase
Pepsin
Chemotrypsin
Kallikrein
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A patient with bacterial pneumonia was prescribed benzylpenicillin. What is the mechanism of its antibacterial effect?
Antagonism with p-amino-benzoic acid
Inhibition of intracellular protein synthesis
Inhibition of SH-groups of microorganism enzymes
Abnormal permeability of cytoplasmic membrane
Inhibition of synthesis of microorganism wall
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Hartnup disease is caused by point mutation of only one gene which results in disturbance of tryptophane absorption in the bowels and its resorption in the renal tubules. It is the reason for disorder of both digestive and urination systems. What genetic phenomenon is observed in this case?
Codominance
Complementary interaction
Semidominance
Polymery
Pleiotropy
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A patient who has been treated in a neural clinic and has been taking a sedative for a long time got the following complication: cough, rhinitis, epiphora. What drug caused these disturbances?
Diazepam
Phenazepam
Sodium bromide
Valerian
Reserpine
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In order to accelerate healing of a radiation ulcer a vitamin drug was administered. What drug is it?
Levamisole
Retinol acetate
Prednisolone
Retabolil
Methyluracil
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Inoculum from pharynx of a patient ill with angina was inoculated into blood-tellurite agar. It resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies 4-5 mm in diameter. Grampositive bacilli with clublike thickenings on their ends placed in form of spread wide apart fingers are visible by microscope. What microorganisms are these?
Streptobacilli
Botulism clostridia
Diphtheria corynebacteria
Streptococci
Diphtheroids
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Plasmic factors of blood coagulation are exposed to post-translational modification with the participation of vitamin K. It is necessary as a cofactor in the enzyme system of 7-carboxylation of protein factors of blood coagulation due to the increased affinity of their molecules with calcium ions. What amino acid is carboxylated in these proteins?
Arginine
Valine
Glutamic
Serine
Phenylalanine
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Pharmacological effects of antidepressants are connected with inhibition of an enzyme catalyzing biogenic amines noradrenaline and serotonine in the mi-tochondrions of cerebral neurons. What enzyme participates in this process?
Monoamine oxidase
Decarboxylase
Transaminase
Lyase
Peptidase
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An oncological patient was prescribed methotrexate. With the lapse of time target cells of the tumour lost susceptibility to this drug. There is change of gene expression of the folowing enzyme:
Thiaminase
Folate oxidase
Dehydrofolate reductase
Folate decarboxylase
Deaminase
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As a result of prophylactic medical examination a 7 year old boy was diagnosed with LeschNyhan syndrome (only boys fall ill with it). The boy’s parents are healthy but his grandfather by his mother’s side suffers from the same disease. What type of disease inheritance is it?
Dominant, sex-linked
Semidominance
Recessive, sex-linked
Autosomal recessive
Autosomal dominant
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Planned mass vaccination of all newborn 5-7 day old children against tuberulosis plays an important role in tuberculosis prevention. In this case the following vaccine is applied:
Diphtheria and tetanus anatoxin vaccine
BCG
Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
Adsorbed diphtheria vaccine
-
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A patient with hypertensic crisis was admitted to the cardiological department, he was injected intravenously with an anti- hypertensive drug - salt of an alkaline-earth metal. What drug was injected?
Sodium hydrocarbonate
Potassium chloride
Magnesium sulfate
Calcium lactate
Benzohexamethonium
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In course of a small pelvis operation it became necessary to ligate an ovarian artery. What formation may be accidentally ligated together with it?
Uterine tube
Ureter
Internal iliac vein
Round ligament of uterus
Urethra
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A patient with acute morphine poisoning was delivered to a hospital. What specific narcotic antagonist should be chosen in this case?
Methacin
Digoxin
Paracetamol
Naloxone
Unithiol
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The upper lobe of the right lung is enlarged, grey and airless, the inscisi-on surface is dripping with turbid liquid, the pleura has many fibrinogenous films; microscopical examination of alveoles revealed exudate containing neutrophils, desquamated alveolocytes and fibrin fibers. The bronchus wall is intact. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Pulmonary abscess
Croupous pneumonia
Interstitial pneumonia
Focal pneumonia
Influenzal pneumonia
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A 28 year old patient had high arterial pressure, hematuria and facial edemata. In spite of treatment renal insufficiency was progressing. 6 months later the patient died from uremia. Microscopic examination of his kidneys and their glomerules revealed proliferation of capsule nephrothelium and of podocytes with 'demilune' formation, sclerosis and hyalinosis of glomerules. What disease corresponds with the described picture?
Acute pyelonephritis
Acute glomerulonephritis
Subacute glomerulonephritis
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Nephrotic syndrome
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A patient with a knife wound in the left lumbal part was delivered to the emergency hospital. In course of operation a surgeon found that internal organs were not damaged but the knife injured one of muscles of renal pelvis. What muscle is it?
Iliac muscle
Greater psoas muscle
Erector muscle of spine
Abdominal external oblique muscle
Abdominal internal oblique muscle
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A man with a stab wound in the area of quadrilateral foramen applied to a doctor. Examination revealed that the patient was unable to draw his arm asi- de from his body. What nerve is most probably damaged?
N.radialis
N.ulnaris
N.subclavius
N.medianus
N. axillaris
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Autopsy of a man ill with severe hypothyroidism revealed that connective tissue, organ stroma, adipose and cartilaginous tissues were swollen, semitransparent, mucus-like. Microscopic examination of tissues revealed stellate cells having processes with mucus between them. What type of dystrophy is it?
Parenchymatous adipose
Stromal-vascular adipose
Stromal-vascular carbohydrate
Parenchymatous proteinaceous
Stromal-vascular proteinaceous
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