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Step 1 - Medicine 2007
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A patient is ill with diabetes mellitus that is accompanied by hyperglycemia of over 7,2 millimole/l on an empty stomach. The level of what blood plasma protein allows to estimate the glycemia rate retrospectively (4-8 weeks before examination)?
Glycated hemoglobin
Fibrinogen
Albumin
Ceruloplasmin
C-reactive protein
3 із 200
A 60 y.o. patient has a reduced perception of high-frequency sounds. What structures’ disorder of auditory analizer caused these changes?
Main membrane of cochlea near the oval window
Main membrane of cochlea near heli-cotrema
Tympanic membrane
Muscles of middle ear
Eustachian tube
4 із 200
A patient ill with diabetes mellitus felt acute pain in his right foot. Objectively: foot thumb is black, foot tissues are edematous, there are foci of epidermis desquamation, stinking discharges. What clinicopathological form of necrosis is it?
Moist gangrene
Sequestrum
Infarction
Bedsore
Dry gangrene
5 із 200
A patient with a stab wound of the anterior stomach wall is in surgical care. What formation of abdominal cavity did the stomach contents get into?
Antegastrial bursa
Right mesenteric sinus
Omental bursa
Left mesenteric sinus
Hepatic bursa
6 із 200
A 4 y.o. child with signs of durative proteinic starvation was admitted to the hospital. The signs were as follows: growth inhibition, anemia, edemata, mental deficiency. Choose a cause of edemata development:
Reduced synthesis of albumins
Reduced synthesis of hemoglobin
Reduced synthesis of globulins
Reduced synthesis of glycoproteins
Reduced synthesis of lipoproteins
7 із 200
Autopsy of a patient who suffered from croupous pneumonia and died from pneumococcal sepsis revealed 900 ml of turbid greenish-yellow liquid in the right pleural cavity. Pleural leaves are dull, plephoric. Name the clinicopathological form of inflammation in the pleural cavity:
Empyema
Acute abscess
Phlegmon
Fibrinous inflammation
Chronic abscess
8 із 200
Examination of a patient revealed reduced contents of magnesium ions that are necessary for attachment of ribosomes to the granular endoplasmatic reticulum. It is known that it causes disturbance of protein biosynthesis. What stage of protein biosynthesis will be disturbed?
Translation
Transcription
Replication
Aminoacid activation
Termination
9 із 200
Analysis of blood serum of a patient revealed increase of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase level. What cytological changes can cause such a situation?
Cellular breakdown
Disturbed function of energy supply of cells
Disturbance of cellular interrelations
Disturbance of genetic apparatus of cells
Disorder of enzyme systems of cells
10 із 200
Power inputs of a boy increased from 500 to 2000 kj pro hour. What can be the
Physical exercise
Mental activity
Raise of outer temperatute
Transition from sleep to wakefulness
Food intake
11 із 200
A patient presents high activity of LDH^, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase. In what organ (organs) is the development of a pathological process the most probable?
In the heart muscle (initial stage of myocardium infarction)
In liver and kidneys
In kidneys and adrenals
In skeletal muscles (dystrophy, atrophy)
In connective tissue
12 із 200
According to the data of WHO, for about 250 mln of Earth population fall ill with malaria. This disease is mostly spread in tropical and subtropical regions. Range of its spread falls into the areal of the following mosquitoes:
Anopheles
Aedes
Culex
Culiseta
Mansonia
13 із 200
Autopsy of a 58 y.o. man revealed that bicuspid valve was deformed, thickened and unclosed. Microscopically: foci of collagen fibrilla are eosinophilic, react positively to fibrin. The most probably it is:
Fibrinoid swelling
Mucoid swelling
Fibrinous inflammation
Amyloidosis
Hyalinosis
14 із 200
Labeled aminoacids alanine and tryptophane were introducted to a mouse in order to study localization of protein biosynthesis in its cells. Around what organellas will the accumulation of labeled aminoacids be observed?
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Cell centre
Lysosomes
Agranular endoplasmic reticulum
15 із 200
In some regions of South Africa there is a spread sickle-shaped cell anemia, in which erythrocytes have shape of a sickle as a result of substitution of glutamin by valine in the hemoglobin molecule. What is the cause of this disease?
Gene mutation
Genomic mutations
Disturbance of mechanisms of genetic information realization
Transduction
Crossingover
16 із 200
A patient died under conditions of cardiovascular insufficiency. Autopsy results: postinfarction cardiosclerosis, myocardium hypertrophy and dilatation of its cavities, especially of its right ventricle. Liver is enlarged, its surface is smooth, incision revealed that it was plethoric, with dark-red specks against the background of brownish tissue. Histologically: plethora of central parts of lobules; peritheral parts around portal tracts contain hepatocytes in a state of adipose degeneration. How are these liver changes called?
Nutmeg liver
Pseudonutmeg liver
Amyloidosis
Liver steatosis
Liver cirrhosis
17 із 200
Autopsy of a man who died from chronic cardiovascular collapse revealed 'tiger heart'. Sidewards of endocardium a yellowish-white banding can be seen; myocardium is dull, darkyellow. What process caused this pathology?
Fatty parenchymatous degeneration
Fatty vascular-stromal degeneration
Amyloidosis
Hyaline degeneration
Carbohydrate degeneration
18 із 200
In course of an experiment a skeletal muscle is being stimulated by a series of electric impulses. What type of muscle contraction will arise, if every subsequent impulse comes in the period of shortening of the previous single muscle contraction?
Holotetanus
Partial tetanus
A series of single contractions
Asynchronous tetanus
Muscle contracture
19 із 200
Ammonia is a very toxic substance, especially for nervous system. What substance takes the most active part in ammonia detoxication in brain tissues?
Glutamic acid
Histidine
Lysine
Proline
Alanine
20 із 200
A man was admitted to the hospital on the 5th day of disease that manifested itself by jaundice, muscle aching, chill, nose bleedings. In course of laboratory diagnostics a bacteriologist performed dark-field microscopy of the patient’s blood drop. Name a causative agent of this disease:
Leptospira interrogans
Rickettsia mooseri
Borrelia dutlonii
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
Bartonella bacilloformis
21 із 200
A patient has a transverse disruption of spinal cord below the IV thoracic segment. What changes of respiration will it cause?
Respiration will stay unchanged
Respiration will become more frequent
Respiration will become less frequent
Respiration will become deeper
Respiration will stop
22 із 200
12 hours after an accute attack of retrosternal pain a patient presented a jump of aspartate aminotransferase activity in blood serum. What pathology is this deviation typical for?
Myocardium infarction
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes insipidus
Collagenosis
Viral hepatitis
23 із 200
A lightly dressed man is standing in a room, air temperature is +140C, windows and doors are closed. In what way does he emit heat the most actively?
Heat radiation
Evaporation
Heat conduction
Convection
Perspiration
24 із 200
A 30 y.o. woman had been ill for a year when she felt pain in the area of joints for the first time, they got swollen and skin above them became reddened. Provisional diagnosis is rheumatoid arthritis. One of the most probable causes of this disease is a structure alteration of a connective tissue protein:
Collagen
Ovoalbumin
Mucin
Troponin
Myosin
25 із 200
A patient with infectious mononucleosis has been taking glucocorticoids for two weeks. He was brought into remission, but he fell ill with acute attack of chronic tonsillitis. What action of glucocorticoids caused this complication?
Immunosuppressive
Antishock
Antitoxic
Antiallergic
Anti-inflammatory
26 із 200
A peripheral segment of vagus nerve on a dog’s neck was being stimulated in course of an experiment. The following changes of cardiac activity could be meanwhile observed:
Heart rate fall
Increased excitability of myocardium
Heart rate and heart force amplification
Heart hurry
Enhancement of atrioventricular conduction
27 із 200
As a result of exhausting muscular work a worker has largely reduced buffer capacity of blood. What acidic substance that came to blood caused this phenomenon?
Lactate
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
-
Pyruvate
3- phosphoglycerate
28 із 200
A patient was delivered to the hospital by an emergency team. Objectively: grave condition, unconscious, adynamy. Cutaneous surfaces are dry, eyes are sunken, face is cyanotic. There is tachycardia and smell of acetone from the mouth. Analysis results: blood glucose -20,1 micromole/l (standard is 3,3-5,5 mi-cromole/l), urine glucose - 3,5% (standard is - 0). What is the most probable diagnosis?
Hyperglycemic coma
Hypoglycemic coma
Anaphylactic shock
Acute heart failure
Acute alcoholic intoxication
29 із 200
A 62 y.o. woman complains of frequent pains in the area of her chest and backbone, rib fractures. A doctor assumed myelomatosis (plasmocytoma). What of the following laboratory characteristics will be of the greatest diagnostical importance?
Paraproteinemia
Hypoglobulinemia
Hyperalbuminemia
Proteinuria
Hypoproteinemia
30 із 200
Nappies of a newborn have dark spots' that witness of formation of homogenti-sic acid. Metabolic imbalance of which substance is it connected with?
Thyrosine
Galactose
Tryptophane
Methionine
Cholesterine
31 із 200
Having helped to eliminate consequences of a failure at a nuclear power plant, a worker got an irradiation doze of 500 roentgen. He complains of headache, nausea, dizziness. What changes in leukocytes quantity can be expected 10 hours after irradiation?
Neutrophilic leukocytosis
Leukopenia
Lymphocytosis
Agranulocytosis
Leukemia
32 із 200
A12 y.o. boy who suffers from bronchial asthma has an acute attack of asthma: evident expiratory dyspnea, skin pallor. What type of alveolar ventilation disturbance is it?
Obstructive
Throracodiaphragmatic
Central
Neuromuscular
Restrictive
33 із 200
A woman who has been keeping to a clean-rice diet for a long time was diagnosed with polyneuritis (beriberi). What vitamin deficit results in development of this disease?
Thiamine
Riboflavin
Folic acid
Ascorbic acid
Pyridoxine
34 із 200
Removal of gall bladder of a patient has disturbed processes of Ca absorption through the intestinal wall. What vitamin will stimulate this process?
D3
B12
PP
K
C
35 із 200
A hepatitis outbreak was registered in a settlement. This episode is connected with water factor. What hepatitis virus could have caused the infective outbreak in this settlement?
E
B
C
D
G
36 із 200
Examination of a 43 y.o. patient revealed that his stomach has difficulties with digestion of protein food. Gastric juice analysis revealed low acidity. Function of which gastric cells is disturbed in this case?
Parietal exocrinocytes
Mucous cells (mucocytes)
Endocrinous cells
Cervical mucocytes
Main exocrinocytes
37 із 200
A 16 y.o. boy from a countryside entered an educational establishment. Scheduled Manteux test revealed that the boy had negative reaction. What are the most reasonable actions in this case?
To perform BCG vaccination
To perform serodiagnostics of tuberculosis
To repeat the reaction in a month
To perform rapid Price diagnostics
To isolate the boy temporarily from his mates
38 із 200
A patient complains of frequent diarrheas, especially after consumption of fattening food, and of body weight loss. Laboratory examination revealed steatorrhea; hypocholic feces. What can be the cause of this condition?
Obturation of biliary tracts
Unbalanced diet
Mucous membrane inflammation of small intestine
Lack of pancreatic phospholipase
Lack of pancreatic lipase
39 із 200
A patient consulted a doctor about bowels disfunction. The doctor established symptoms of duodenitis and enteritis. Laboratory examination helped to make the following diagnosis: lambliosis. What medication should be administered?
Metronidazole
Erythromycin
Chingamin
Tetracycline
Monomycin
40 із 200
A group of mountain climbers went through the blood analysis at the height of 3000 m. It revealed decrease of HCO3 to 15 micromole/l (standard is 2226 micromole/l). What is the mechanism of HCO3 decrease?
Hyperventilation
Intensification of acidogenesis
Decrease of ammoniogenesis
Hypoventilation
Decrease of bicarbonate reabsorption in kidneys
41 із 200
Introduction of a pharmaceutical substance to an experimental animal resulted in reduction of salivation, pupil mydriasis. Next intravenous introduction of acetylcholine didn’t lead to any significant changes of heart rate. Name this substance:
Atropine
Adrenaline
Salbutamol
Propranolol
Proserin
42 із 200
Continious taking of a drug can result in osteoporosis, erosion of stomach mucous membrane, hypokali-emia, retention of sodium and water, reduced content of corticotropin in blood. Name this drug:
Prednisolone
Indometacin
Reserpine
Digoxin
Hydrochlorothiazide
43 із 200
A child is languid, apathetic. Liver is enlarged and liver biopsy revealed a significant excess of glycogene. Glucose concentration in the blood stream is below normal. What is the cause of low glucose concentration?
Low (absent) activity of glycogene phosphorylase in liver
Low (absent) activity of hexokinase
High activity of glycogen synthetase
Low (absent) activity of glucose 6-phosphatase
Deficit of a gene that is responsible for synthesis of glucose 1-phosphaturidine transferase
44 із 200
A 63 y.o. man with collapse symptoms was delivered to the emergency hospital. A doctor chose noradrenaline in order to prevent hypotension. What is the action mechanism of this medication?
Activation of a-adrenoreceptors
Block of M-cholinoreceptors
Activation of dopamine receptors
Activation of 3-adrenoreceptors
Activation of serotonin receptors
45 із 200
From pharynx of a child with suspected diphtheria a pure culture of microorganisms was isolated. Their morphological, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties appeared to be typical for diphtheria causative agents. What study should be conducted in order to drow a conclusion that this is a pathogenic diphtheria bacillus?
Estimation of toxigenic properties
Estimation of cystinous activity
Estimation of ability to decompose starch
Estimation of urease activity
Estimation of proteolytic properties
46 із 200
Examination of a child revealed some whitish spots' looking like coagulated milk on the mucous membrane of his cheeks and tongue. Analysis of smears revealed gram-positive oval yeast-like cells. What causative agents are they?
Candida
Actinomycetes
Staphylococci
Diphtheria bacillus
Fusobacteria
47 із 200
A 35 y.o. patient who often consumes alcohol was treated with diuretics. There appeared serious muscle and heart weakness, vomiting, diarrhea, AP- 100/60 mm Hg, depression. This condition is caused by intensified excretion with uri-
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Chlorine
Phosphates
48 із 200
After intake of rich food a patient feels nausea and sluggishness; with time there appeared signs of steatorrhea. Blood cholesterine concentration is 9,2 micromole/l. This condition was caused by lack of:
Bile acids
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Fatty acids
Chylomicrons
49 із 200
Examination of a man who hadn’t been consuming fats but had been getting enough carbohydrates and proteins for a long time revealed dermatitis, poor wound healing, vision impairment. What is the probable cause of metabolic disorder?
Lack of linoleic acid, vitamins A, D, E, K
Low caloric value of diet
Lack of palmitic acid
Lack of vitamins PP, H
Lack of oleic acid
50 із 200
An experimental animal has been given excessive amount of carbon-labeled glucose for a week. What compound can the label be found in?
Palmitic acid
Methionine
Arachidonic acid
Choline
Vitamin A
51 із 200
RNA that contains AIDS virus penetrated into a leukocyte and by means of reverse transcriptase forced a cell to synthetize a viral DNA. This process is based upon:
Reverse transcription
Operon depression
Convariant replication
Reverse translation
Operon repression
52 із 200
Examination of a patient with frequent hemorrhages from internals and mucous membranes revealed proline and lysine being a part of collagene fibers. What vi- tamin absence caused disturbance of their hydroxylation?
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Thiamine
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
53 із 200
A patient who suffers from pneumonia has high body temperature. What biologically active substance plays the leading part in origin of this phenomenon?
Interleukin-I
Serotonin
Leukotrienes
Bradykinin
Histamine
54 із 200
A 27 y.o. patient put eye drops that contain penicillin. After a few minutes she felt itching and burning of her body, there appeared lip and eye-lid edemata; arterial pressure began to drop. What immunoglobulins took part in the development of this allergic reaction?
IgE and IgG
IgA and IgM
IgM and IgD
IgM and IgG
IgG and IgD
55 із 200
A patient suffers from hepatic cirrhosis. Examination of which of the following substances excreted by urine can characterize the state of antitoxic function of liver?
Hippuric acid
Ammonium salts
Kreatinine
Uric acid
Aminoacids
56 із 200
A 2 y.o. child has convulsions as a result of lowered concentration of calcium ions in blood plasma. It is caused by reduced function of:
Parathyroid glands
Thymus
Adrenal cortex
Hypophysis
Pineal gland
57 із 200
Inflammation of a patient’s eye was accompanied by accumulation of turbid liquid with high protein at the bottom of anterior chamber that was called hypopyon. What process underlies the changes under observation?
Disturbance of microcirculation
Primary alteration
-
Secondary alteration
Proliferation
58 із 200
Heart rate of a man permanently equals 40 beats pro minute. What is the pacemaker?
Atriventricular node
His’ bundle branches
Sinoatrial node
Purkinje’s fibers
His’ bundle
59 із 200
A 48 y.o. patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints about weakness, irritability, sleep disturbance. Objectively: skin and scleras are yellow. In blood: conjugated bilirubin, cholalemia. Feces are acholic. Urine is of dark colour (bilirubin). What jaundice is it?
Mechanic
Gilbert’s syndrome
Hemolytic
Parenchymatous
Crigler-Najjar syndrome
60 із 200
Bacteriological examination of a patient with food poisoning required inoculation of a pure culture of bacteria with the following properties: gramnegative movable bacillus that grows in the Endo’s medium in form of colourless colonies. A representative of which species caused this disease?
Salmonella
Citrobacter
Iersinia
Esherichia
Shigella
61 із 200
A patient was diagnosed with active focal pulmonary tuberculosis. What drug should be prescribed in the first place?
Isoniazid
Ethionamide
Ethoxide
Cyclocerine
Sulfalen
62 із 200
Examination of a young man in the AIDS centre produced a positive result of immune-enzyme assay with HIV antigens. Patient’s complaints about state of his health were absent. What can the positive result of immune-enzyme assay be evidence of?
HIV infection
Having had AIDS recently
Being infected with HBV
Being ill with AIDS
HBV persistence
63 із 200
Parents of a 10 y.o. boy consulted a doctor about extension of hair-covering, growth of beard and moustache, low voice. Intensified secretion of which hormone must be assumed?
Of testosterone
Of cortisol
Of oestrogen
Of progesterone
Of somatotropin
64 із 200
A patient who suffers from severe disorder of water-salt metabolism experienced cardiac arrest in diastole. What is the most probable mechanism of cardiac arrest in diastole?
Hyperkaliemia
Organism dehydratation
Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia
Hypokaliemia
65 із 200
Examination of coronary arteries revealed atherosclerotic calcific plaques that close vessel lumen by 1/3. The muscle has multiple whitish layers of connective tissue. What process was revealed in myocardium?
Diffuse cardiosclerosis
Tiger heart
Postinfarction cardiosclerosis
Myocardium infarction
Myocarditis
66 із 200
Reaction of passive hemagglutination conducted with erythrocytic typhoid Vi-diagnosticum helped to reveal some antibodies in the dilution of the patient’s serum at a ratio of 1:80 that exceeds the diagnostic titer. Such result witnesses of:
Being a potential carrier of typhoid bacilli
Typhoid fever recurrence
Incubation period of typhoid fever
Reconvalescence of a patient ill with typhoid fever
Being ill with acute typhoid fever
67 із 200
A teenager was irradiated with high radiation dose that resulted in serious damages of lymphoid system, lysis of many lymphocytes. Restoration of normal hemogram is possible due to the functioning of the following gland:
Thymus
Liver
Pancreas
Adrenal
Thyroid
68 із 200
A man with cut wound of his right foot sole was admitted to the hospital ward. The patient has limited elevation of the lateral foot edge. In course of wound management the injury of a muscle tendon was revealed. What muscle is injured?
Long peroneal
Short peroneal
Long extensor muscle of toes
Anterior tibial
Triceps muscle of crus
69 із 200
A patient who suffers from heart failure has enlarged liver, edemata of lower extremities, ascites. What is the leading mechanism in the development of this edema?
Hydrodynamic
-
Colloid osmotic
Membranogenic
Lymphogenous
70 із 200
A 32 y.o. man is tall, he has gynecomastia, adult woman pattern of hair distribution, high voice, mental deficiency, sterility. Provisional diagnosis is Klinefelter’s syndrome. In order to specify diagnosis it is necessary to analize:
Caryotype
Leukogram
Genealogy
Spermatogenesis
Blood group
71 із 200
Examination of a miner revealed pulmonary fibrosis accompanied by disturbance of alveolar ventilation. What is the main mechanism of this disturbance?
Limitation of respiratory surface of lungs
Disturbance of neural respiration control
Limitation of breast mobility
Constriction of superior respiratory tracts
Bronchi spasm
72 із 200
A man took a quiet expiration. Name an air volume that is meanwhile contained in his lungs:
Functional residual capacity
Vital lung capacity
Respiratory volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
73 із 200
Examination of an isolated cardi-omyocyte revealed that it didn’t generate excitation impulses automatically. This cardiomyocyte was obtained from:
Ventricles
His’ bundle
Purkinje’s fibers
Atrioventricular node
Sinoatrial node
74 із 200
Examination of a man established that cardiac output equaled 3500 ml, systolic output - 50 ml. What is the man’s heart rate pro minute?
70
80
60
90
50
75 із 200
A man who went for a ride on a roundabout had amplification of heart rate, sweating and nausea. What receptors stimulation is it primarily connected with?
Vestibular
Tactors
Auditory
Visual
Proprioceptors
76 із 200
In order to estimate toxigenity of diphtheria agents obtained from patients the cultures were inoculated on Petri dish with nutrient agar on either side of a filter paper strip that was put into the centre and moistened with antidiphtheric antitoxic serum. After incubation of inoculations in agar the strip-like areas of medium turbidity were found between separate cultures and the strip of filter paper. What immunological reaction was conducted?
Precipitation gel reaction
Rings precipitation reaction
Opsonization reaction
Agglutination reaction
Coomb’s test
77 із 200
A man’s intrapleural pressure is being measured. In what phase did the man hold his breath, if his pressure is 7,5 cm Hg?
Quiet inspiration
Forced inspiration
Forced expiration
-
Quiet expiration
78 із 200
A 49 y.o. woman consulted a doctor about heightened fatigue and dyspnea during physical activity. ECG: heart rate is 50/min, PQ is extended, QRS is unchanged, P wave quanity exceeds quantity of QRS complexes. What type of arrhythmia does the patient have?
Atrioventricular block
Sinus bradycardia
Ciliary arhythmia
Sinoatrial block
Extrasystole
79 із 200
A patient with neuritis of femoral nerve has disturbed flexion of thigh as well as disturbed crus extension in the knee joint. What muscle’s function is disturbed?
Quadriceps muscle of thigh
Biceps muscle of thigh
Triceps muscle of thigh
Semimembranous muscle
Semitendinous muscle
80 із 200
Autopsy of a newborn boy revealed polydactylia, microcephalia, cheiloschisis and uranoschisis as well as hypertrophy of parenchimatous organs. These defects correspond with the description of Patau’s syndrome. What is the most probable cause of this pathology?
Trisomy of the 13th chromosome
Partial monosomy
Nondisjunction of sex chromosomes
Trisomy of the 21st chromosome
Trisomy of the 18th chromosome
81 із 200
An ovary specimen stained by hematoxylin-eosin presents a follicle, where cells of follicular epithelium are placed in 1-2 layers and have cubic form, there is a bright-red membrane around the ovocyte. What follicle is it?
Primary
Secondary
Mature
Atretic
Primordial
82 із 200
A woman has been applying a new cosmetic preparation for a week that resulted in eye-lid inflammation accompanied by hyperemia, infiltration and painfulness. What type of allergic reaction was developed?
IV
I
II
V
III
83 із 200
Examination of a patient revealed extremely myotic pupils, sleepiness, infrequent ChainStoke’s respiration, urinary retention, slowing-down of heart rate, enhancement of spinal reflexes. What substance caused the poisoning?
Morphine
Phosphacole
Atropine
Barbital
Caffeine
84 із 200
A patient is followed up in an endocrinological dispensary on account of hyperthyreosis. Weight loss, tachycardia, finger tremor are accompanied by hypoxia symptoms - headache, fatigue, eye flicker. What mechanism of thyroid hormones action underlies the development of hypoxia?
Disjunction, oxydation and phosphori-lation
Specific binding of active centres of respiratory ferments
Competitive inhibition of respiratory ferments
Inhibition of respiratory ferment synthesis
Intensification of respiratory ferment synthesis
85 із 200
A doctor administered a patient with allergic dermatitis a Hi -histamine blocker as a part of complex treatment. Name this medication:
Loratadine
Prednisolone
Adrenaline
Cromolyn sodium
Hydrocortisone
86 із 200
An injured man has bleeding from branches of carotid artery. For a temporary arrest of bleeding it is necessary to press the carotid artery to the tubercle of a cervical vertebra. Which vertebra is it?
VI
V
III
IV
II
87 із 200
As a result of an accident a patient has intense painfullness and edema of the anterior crus surface; dorsal flexion of foot is hindered. Function of which crus muscle is most likely to be disturbed?
M.tibialis anterior
M.peroneus brevis
M.peroneus longus
M.flexor digitorum longus
M.flexor hallucis longus
88 із 200
The first grade pupils were examined in order to sort out children for tuberculosis revaccination. What test was applied for this purpose?
Mantoux test
Supracutaneous tularin test
Burnet test
Schick test
Anthraxine test
89 із 200
The permeability of the irritable cell membrane has been increased for potassium ions during an experiment. What changes of membrane electric status can occur?
Hyperpolarization
No changes
Local response
Action potential
Depolarization
90 із 200
A patient with II stage hypertension has been taking one of hypotensive medications for the purpose of treatment. After a time arterial pressure decreased, but the patient started complaining of flaccidity, sleepiness, indifference. A bit later he felt stomach pain. He was diagnosed with ulcer. What hypotensive medication has the patient been taking?
Reserpine
Dibazole
Captopril
Furosemide
Verapamil
91 із 200
6 months after delivery a woman had uterine bleeding. Gynecological examination revealed in the uterine cavity a dark-red tissue with multiple cavities that resembled of 'sponge'. Microscopic examination of the tumour revealed some atypic light epithelial Langhans cells and giant cells of cyncytiotrophoblast in blood lacunas. What tumour is it?
Chorioepithelioma
Squamous cell nonkeratinous carcinoma
Vesicular mole
Fibromyoma
Adenocarcinoma
92 із 200
A 40 y.o. patient complains of intensive heartbeats, sweating, nausea, vision impairment, arm tremor, hypertension. From his anamnesis: 2 years ago he was diagnosed with pheochromocytoma. Hyperproduction of what hormones causes the given pathology?
Catecholamines
ACTH
Glucocorticoids
Thyroid hormones
Aldosterone
93 із 200
A 56 y.o. patient has been suffering from thyreotoxicosis for a long time. What type of hypoxia can be developed?
Tissue
Respiratory
Circulatory
Mixed
Hemic
94 із 200
A sportsman was recommended to take a medication that contains carnitine in order to improve his results. What process is activated by carnitine the most?
Fatty acids transport to mitochondrions
Synyhesis of lipids
Synthesis of steroid hormones
Tissue respiration
Synthesis of ketone bodies
95 із 200
A patient has symptoms of inflammation of urogenital tracts. Examination of a vaginal smear revealed big monocellular, pear-shaped organisms with the pointed spike at the posterior end of body, big nucleus and undulating membrane. What protozoa were found in the smear?
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomonas hominis
Trichomonas buccalis
Lamblia intestinalis
Trypanosoma gambiense
96 із 200
A patient has extrasystole. ECG shows no P wave, QRS complex is deformed, there is a full compensatory pause. What extrasystoles are these?
Ventricular
Atrial
Atrioventricular
-
Sinus
97 із 200
A patient who suffers from cancer of back of tongue has an intense bleeding as a result of affection of dorsal lingual artery by the tumour. What vessel should be ligated to stop bleeding?
Lingual artery
Dorsal lingual artery
Facial artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Deep lingual artery
98 із 200
In course of an experiment a big number of stem cells of red bone marrow was in some way destructed. Regeneration of which cell populations in the loose connective tissue will be inhibited?
Of macrophags
Of pigment cells
Of pericytes
Of fibroblasts
Of lipocytes
99 із 200
Histological examination of a 40 y.o. man’s thymus revealed decreased share of parenchymatous gland elements, increased share of adipose and loose connective tissue, its enrichment with thymus bodies. The organ’s mass was unchanged. What phenomenon is it?
Age involution
Atrophy
Accidental involution
Dystrophy
Hypotrophy
100 із 200
Mucous membrane of the right palatine tonsil has a painless ulcer with smooth lacquer fundus and regular cartilagenous edges. Microscopically: inflammatory infiltration that consists of lymphocytes, plasmocytes, a small number of neutrophils and epithelioid cells; endovasculitis and perivasculitis. What disease is it?
Syphilis
Ulcerous necrotic Vincent’s angina
Tuberculosis
Actinomycosis
Pharyngeal diphtheria
101 із 200
Bacteriological laboratory examines canned meat whether it contains botulinum toxin. For this purpose an extract of test specimen and antitoxic antibotulinic serum of A, B, E types were introducted to a group of mice under examination; a control group of mice got the extract without antibotulinic serum. What serological reaction was applied?
Neutralization
Opsono-phagocytic
Double immune diffusion
Precipitation
Complement binding
102 із 200
To prevent postoperative bleeding a 6 y.o. child was administered vicasol that is a synthetic analogue of vitamin K. Name post-translational changes of blood coagulation factors that will be activated by vicasol:
Carboxylation of glutamin acid
Glycosylation
Phosphorylation of serine radicals
Polymerization
Partial proteolysis
103 із 200
As a result of spinal-cord trauma a 33 y.o. man has a disturbed pain and temperature sensitivity that is caused by damage of the following tract:
Spinothalamic
Lateral spinocortical
Anterior spinocerebellar
Medial spinocortical
Posterior spinocerebellar
104 із 200
For the preparation of a patient’s burn skin surface a certain medication was used. Its antiseptic action is provided by free oxygen that segregates in presence of organic substances. Choose the right answer:
Potassium permanganate
Sodium bicarbonate
Furacilin
Boric acid
Chlorhexidine
105 із 200
After a 2 y.o. child has had flu, there appeared complaints about ear ache. A doctor revealed hearing impairment and inflammation of the middle ear. How did the infection penetrate into the middle ear?
Through the auditory tube
Through canalis caroticus
Through canalis nasolacrimalis
Through atrium mastoideum
Through foramen jugularis
106 із 200
A 50 y.o. patient with chronic cardiac insufficiency and tachyarrythmia was prescribed a cardiotonic drug. What drug was prescribed?
Digoxin
Dopamine
Amyodarone
Mildronate
Dobutamine
107 із 200
Microscopical examination of a removed appendix revealed an edema, diffuse neutrophilic infiltration of appendix wall along with necrosis and defect of mucous membrane with affection of its muscle plate. What appendicitis form was developed?
Ulcerophlegmonous
Superficial
Phlegmonous
Apostematous
Gangrenous
108 із 200
A 39 y.o. woman went through an operation in course of which surgeons removed her uterine tube that was enlarged and a part of an ovary with a big cyst. Histological examination of a tube wall revealed decidual cells, chorion villi. What was the most probable diagnosis made after examination of the uterine tube?
Tubal pregnancy
Choriocarcinoma
Papyraceous fetus
Placental polyp
Lithopedion
109 із 200
A 4 y.o. boy has had recently serious viral hepatitis. Now there are such clinical presentations as vomiting, loss of consciousness, convulsions. Blood analysis revealed hyperammoniemia. Disturbunce of which biochemical process caused such pathological condition of the patient?
Disturbed neutralization of ammonia in liver
Inhibition of transamination enzyms
Disturbed neutralization of biogenic amines
Increased putrefaction of proteins in bowels
Activation of aminoacid decarboxylation
110 із 200
Examination of a patient revealed hyperkaliemia and hyponatremia. Low secretion of which hormone may cause such changes?
Aldosteron
Parathormone
Cortisol
Natriuretic
Vasopressin
111 із 200
In course of indirect histogenesis of tubular bone tissue a plate is formed between epiphyseal and diaphyseal ossification centres that provides further lengthwise growth of bones. What structure is it?
Metaphyseal plate
Osteon
Osseous plate
Osseous cuff
Layer of interior general plates
112 із 200
A 40 y.o. woman was admitted to the infectious diseases department with high body temperature. Objectively: evident meningeal symptoms. A spinal cord punction was made. What anatomic formation was punctured?
Spatium subarachnoideum
Cavum trigeminale
Cisterna cerebellomedullaris posterior
Spatium epidurale
Spatium subdurale
113 із 200
After resection of the middle third of femoral artery obliterated by a thromb the lower extremity is supplied with blood due to the surgical bypass. Name an artery that plays the main role in reestablishment of blood flow:
Deep femoral artery
Deep external pudendal artery
Superficial epigastric artery
Superficial circumflex artery of hip bone
Descending genicular artery
114 із 200
A patient’s knee joint doesn’t extend, there is no knee-jerk reflex, skin sensitivity of the anterior femoral surface is disturbed. What nerve structures are damaged?
Femoral nerve
Superior gluteal nerve
Inferior gluteal nerve
Big fibular nerve
Obturator nerve
115 із 200
An electron micrograph of a kidney fragment presents an afferent arteriole. Under its endothelium some big cells can be seen that contain secretory granules. What type of cells is it?
Juxtaglomerular
Smooth muscle cells
Juxtavascular
Mesangeal
Interstitial
116 із 200
For the purpose of retrtospective diagnostics of recent bacterial dysentery it was decided to perform serological examination of blood serum in order to determine antibody titer towards Shiga bacilli. What of the following reactions should be applied?
Passive hemagglutination
Bordet-Gengou test
Bacteriolysis
Precipitation
Hemolysis
117 із 200
Examination of a 43 y.o. anephric patient revealed anemia symptoms. What is the cause of these symptoms?
Reduced synthesis of erythropoietins
Enhanced destruction of erythrocytes
Vitamin B12 deficit
Folic acid deficit
Iron deficit
118 із 200
A 50 y.o. patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints about pain behind his breastbone, asphyxia during physical activity. Angiography revealed pathological changes in the posterior interventricular branch of the right coronary artery. What heart parts are affected?
Posterior wall of the right and left ventricles
Right atrioventricular valve
Right atrium
Anterior wall of the right and left ventricles
Left atrium
119 із 200
48 hours after performing tuberculin test (Mantoux test) to a child a 10 mm papule appeared on the spot of tuberculin introduction. What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies these changes?
Cellular cytotoxicity
Immune complex cytotoxicity
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
Granulomatosis
Anaphylaxis
120 із 200
Examination of a newborn boy’s genitals revealed a cleft of urethra that opens on the inferior surface of his penis. What developmental anomaly is it?
Hypospadia
Monorchism
Cryptorchism
Hermaphroditism
Epispadia
121 із 200
A patient has a disturbed absorbtion of fat hydrolysates. It might have been caused by a deficit in the small intestine cavity:
Of bile acids
Of lipolytic enzymes
Of bile pigments
Of sodium ions
Of liposoluble vitamins
122 із 200
Inhabitants of territories with cold climate have high content of an adaptive thermoregulatory hormone. What hormone is meant?
Thyroxin
Somatotropin
Insulin
Cortisol
Glucagon
123 із 200
Violation of safety rules resulted in calomel intoxication. Two days later the daily diuresis was 620 ml. A patient experienced headache, vomiting, convulsions, dyspnea, moist rales in lungs. What pathology is it?
Acute renal insufficiency
Pyelonephritis
Glomerulonephritis
Uraemic coma
Chronic renal insufficiency
124 із 200
A newborn child with pylorostenosis has often repeating vomiting accompanied by apathy, weakness, hypertonicity, sometimes convulsions. What disorder form of acid-base balance is it?
Nongaseous alkalosis
Excretory acidosis
Gaseous alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Gaseous acidosis
125 із 200
Glutamate decarboxylation results in formation of inhibitory transmitter in CNS. Name it:
GABA
Histamine
Serotonin
Glutathione
Asparagine
126 із 200
In course of histidine catabolism a biogenic amin is formed that has powerful vasodilatating effect. Name it:
Histamine
Noradrenalin
Serotonin
Dopamine
Dioxyphenylalanine
127 із 200
Utilization of arachidonic acid via cyclooxigenase pathway results in formation of some bioactive substances. Name them:
Prostaglandins
Insulin-like growth factors
Biogenic amins
Thyroxine
Somatomedins
128 із 200
As a result of damage to certain structures of brainstem an animal lost orientation reflexes. What structures were damaged?
Quadritubercular bodies
Black substance
Red nuclei
Medial nuclei of reticular formation
Vestibular nuclei
129 із 200
Osmotic pressure of a man’s blood plasma is 350 mosmole/l (standard pressure is 300 mosmole/l). First of all it will result in high secretion of the following hormone:
Vasopressin
Natriuretic
Cortisol
Aldosteron
Adrenocorticotropin
130 із 200
A young man consulted a doctor about disturbed urination. Examination of his external genitals revealed that urethra is split on top and urine runs out of this opening. What anomaly of external genitals development is the case?
Epispadia
Hermaphroditism
Phimosis
Hypospadia
Paraphimosis
131 із 200
A patient complains of pain in the area of his liver. Duodenal intubation revealed yellowish, oval, narrowed at the poles eggs with an operculum at the end. Size of these eggs is the smallest among all helminth eggs. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Opisthorchosis
Teniasis
Beef tapeworm infection
Echinococcosis
Diphyllobothriasis
132 із 200
Colonoscopy of a patient ill with dysentery revealed that mucous membrane of his large intestine is hyperemic, edematic, its surface was covered with grey-and-green coats. Name the morphological form of dysenteric collitis:
Fibrinous
Ulcerous
Purulent
Catarrhal
Necrotic
133 із 200
24 hours after appendectomy blood of a patient presents neutrophilic leukocytosis with regenerative shift. What is the most probable mechanism of leukocytosis development?
Amplification of leukopoiesis
Decelerated leukocyte destruction
Deceleratied emigration of leukocytes to the tissues
Redistribution of leukocytes in the organism
Amplification of leukopoiesis and decelerated emigration of leukocytes to the tissues
134 із 200
Arterial pressure of a surgeon who performed a long operation rised up to 140/110 mm Hg. What changes of humoral regulation could have caused the rise of arterial pressure in this case?
Activation of sympathoadrenal system
Inhibition of sympathoadrenal system
Activation of renin angiotensive system
Activation of kallikrein kinin system
Activation of formation and excretion of aldosterone
135 із 200
A hypertensive glucose solution was introduced to a patient. It will intensify water movement:
From the cells to the intercellular liquid
From the intercellular liquid to the cells
There will be no changes of water movement
From the capillaries to the intercellular liquid
From the intercellular liquid to the capillaries
136 із 200
A 36 y.o. man has a craniocerebral trauma. Objectively: diminished breath sounds, thready pulse, no reflexes. What way of pyracetam introduction will be the most apropriate in this case?
Intravenous
Rectal
Subcutaneous
Peroral
Inhalation
137 із 200
A child complains of general weakness, loss of appetite, a troubled sleep, itching in the perianal area. The provisional diagnosis is enterobiasis. In order to specify this diagnosis it is necessary to perform:
Scraping from perianal folds
Biopsy of muscle tissue
Duodenal contents analysis
Roentgenoscopy
Immune diagnostics
138 із 200
A patient was ill with burn disease that was complicated by DIC syndrome. What stage of DIC syndrome can be suspected if it is known that the patient’s blood coagulates in less than 3 minutes?
Hypercoagulation
Transition phase
Hypocoagulation
Fibrinolysis
Terminal
139 із 200
In course of practical training students studied a stained blood smear of a mouse with bacteria phagocyted by leukocytes. What cell organella completes digestion of these bacteria?
Lisosomes
Granular endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Mytochondrions
Ribosomes
140 із 200
A 55 y.o. woman consulted a doctor about having continuous cyclic uterine hemorrhages for a year, weakness, dizziness. Examination revealed skin pallor. Hemogram: Hb- 70 g/l, erythrocytes -3, 2 • 1012/l, color index - 0,6, leukocytes - 6,0 • 109/l, reticulocytes -1%; erythrocyte hypochromia. What anemia is it?
Chronic posthemorrhagic anemia
Hemolytic anemia
Aplastic anemia
Iron-deficiency anemia
B12-folate-deficiency anemia
141 із 200
According to audiometry data a patient has a disturbed perception of medium-frequency sounds. It might have been caused by a damage of:
Middle part of helix
Spiral ganglion
Cochlear nuclei
Lateral geniculate bodies
Quadritubercular structure
142 із 200
A patient diagnosed with carcinoid of bowels was admitted to the hospital. Analysis revealed high production of serotonin. It is known that this substance is formed of tryptophane aminooacid. What biochemical mechanism underlies this process?
Decarboxylation
Transamination
Desamination
Formation of paired compounds
Microsomal oxydation
143 із 200
A 23 y.o. patient complains of weakness, temperature rise up to 38 — 40°G. Objectively: liver and spleen are enlarged. Hemogram: Hb- 100 g/l, erythrocytes - 2,9 • 1012/l, leukocytes -4,4 • 109 /l, thrombocytes - 48 • 109/l, segmentonuclear neutrophils - 17%, lymphocytes - 15%, blast cells - 68%. All cytochemical reactions are negative. Make a hematological conclusion:
Undifferentiated leukosis
Acute lymphoblastic leukosis
Acute erythromyelosis
Acute myeloblastic leukosis
Chronic myeloleukosis
144 із 200
A patient ill with bronchial asthma didn’t inform his doctor that he had attacks of stenocardia. Doctor administered him a medication, which taking resulted in less frequent attacks of bronchial asthma, but stenocardia attacks became more frequent. What medication was administered?
Isadrin
Phenotherol
Aminophylline
Salbutamol
Cromolyn sodium
145 із 200
A patient who has been suffering from cardiac insufficiency for several months has been taking digoxin on an outpatient basis. At a certain stage of treatment there appeared symptoms of drug overdose. What phenomenon underlies the development of this complication?
Material cumulation
Habituation
Functional cumulation
Tachyphylaxis
Sensibilization
146 із 200
A patient who has been treated with diazepam on account of neurosis complains of toothache. Doctor administered him an analgetic, but its dose was lower than average therapeutic dose. What phenomenon did the doctor take into account while prescribing the patient an underdose?
Potentiation
Drug dependence
Tolerance
Cumulation
Summation
147 із 200
A child’s blood presents high content of galactose, glucose concentration is low. There are such presentations as cataract, mental deficiency, adipose degeneration of liver. What disease is it?
Galactosemia
Diabetes mellitus
Steroid diabetes
Fructosemia
Lactosemia
148 із 200
According to clinical indications a patient was administered pyridoxal phosphate. What processes is this medication intended to correct?
Transamination and decarboxylation of aminoacids
Desamination of purine nucleotide
Oxidative decarboxylation of ketonic acids
Synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases
Protein synthesis
149 із 200
In course of an operation surgeon removed a part of a lung that was ventilated by a tertiary bronchus accompanied by branches of pulmonary artery and other vessels. What part of a lung was removed?
Bronchopulmonary segment
Middle lobe
Inferior lobe
Superior lobe
Pulmonary lobule
150 із 200
A patient with clinical presentations of immunodeficiency went through immunological examinations. They revealed significant loss of cells that form rosettes with erythrocytes of a ram. What conclusion can be made according to the analysis data?
Decrease of T-lymphocytes rate
Decrease of B-lymphocytes rate
Decrease of natural killer cell rate
Decrease of complement system rate
Insufficiency of effector cells of humoral immunity
151 із 200
A woman with III (B), Rh blood group born a child with II (A) blood group. The child is diagnosed with hemolytic disease of newborn as a result of rhesus incompatibility. What blood group is the child’s father likely to have?
II (A), Rh+
I (0), Rh+
III (B), Rh+
I (0), Rh-
II (A), Rh-
152 із 200
A 45 y.o. woman suffers from Cushing’s syndrome - steroid diabetes. Biochemical examination revealed: hyperglycemia, hypochloremia. Which of the under-mentioned processes is the first to be activated?
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Glucose transport to the cell
Glycolysis
Glucose reabsorption
153 із 200
Histological specimen presents a vessel the wall of which consists of endothelium, basal membrane and loose connective tissue. What type of vessel is it?
Vein of non-muscular type
Artery
Vein of muscular type
Hemocapillary
Lymphocapillary
154 із 200
Autopsy of a 48 y.o. man revealed a round formation 5 cm in diameter with clear-cut outlines in the region of the 1st segment of his right lung. This formation was encircled with a thin layer of connective tissue full of white brittle masses. Make a diagnosis of the secondary tuberculosis form:
Tuberculoma
Fibrous cavernous tuberculosis
Caseous pneumonia
Acute focal tuberculosis
Acute cavernous tuberculosis
155 із 200
A patient who suffers from acute myocarditis has clinical signs of cardiogenic shock. What of the under-mentioned pathogenetic mechanisms plays the main part in shock development?
Disturbance of pumping ability of heart
Reduction of diastolic flow to the heart
Decrease of vascular tone
Depositing of blood in organs
Increase of peripheral vascular resistance
156 із 200
On the 6th day of treatment a patient with acute renal insufficiency developed polyuria. Diuresis intensification at the beginning of polyuria stage of acute renal insufficiency is caused by:
Renewal of filtration in nephrons
Growth of natriuretic factor
Reduction of vasopressin content in plasma
Volume expansion of circulating blood
Reduction of aldosteron content in plasma
157 із 200
Long-term starvation cure of a patient resulted in diminished ratio of albumi-nes and globulines in plasma. What of the following will be result of these changes?
Increase of ESR
Increase of hematocrit
Hypercoagulation
Decrease of hematocrit
Decrease of ESR
158 із 200
An experimental animal was first sensibilized whereupon an antigen dose was introduced subcutaneously. This injection resulted in the development of a fibrinous inflammation with alteration of vessel walls, basal substance and fibrous structures of connective tissue in form of mucoid and fibrinoid swelling and necrosis. What immunological reaction took place?
Immediate hypersensitivity
Granulomatosis
Reaction of transplantation immunity
Normergic reaction
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
159 із 200
A patient suffers from vision impairment - hemeralopy (night blindness). What vitamin preparation should be administered the patient in order to restore his vision?
Retinol acetate
Pyridoxine
Vicasol
Thiamine chloride
Tocopherol acetate
160 із 200
A 1 y.o. child with symptoms of muscle affection was admitted to the hospital. Examination revealed carnitine deficit in muscles. Biochemical base of this pathology is disturbed process of:
Transporting of fatty acids to mi-tochondrions
Lactic acid utilization
Actin and myosin synthesis
Regulation of Ca2+ rate in mitochondri-ons
Substrate phosphorylation
161 із 200
A patient suffers from severe postoperative pseudomonadous infection. What of the following antibiotics should be administered in this case?
Amicacin sulfate
Benzylpenicillin
Doxycycline
Cephazolin
Erythromycin
162 із 200
A 9 m.o. child has delayed dentition, it is also out of order. Upper jaw configuration is horizontal ('high' palate); mi- croscopically - irregular mineralization of tooth enamel, wrinkled enamel prisms, some of them are vacuolized. Predentin zone is extended; there are solitary denticles. What disease is it?
Early rickets
Late rickets
Osteomalacia
Hypervitaminosis D
Gout
163 із 200
Examination of a patient revealed an abscess of pterygopalatine fossa. Where can the infection spread to unless the disease is managed in time?
To the orbit
To the subgaleal temporal space
To the interpterygoid space
To the tympanic cavity
To the frontal sinus
164 із 200
Microscopical renal examination of a 36 y.o. woman who died from renal insufficiency revealed in the glomerules proliferation of capsule nephrothelium as well as of podocytes and phagocytes accompanied by formation of 'crescents', capillary loop necrosis, fibrinous thrombs in their lumens; sclerosis and hyalinosis of glomerules, atrophy of tubules and fibrosis of renal stroma. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Subacute glomerulonephritis
Acute glomerulonephritis
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Membranous nephropathy
Focal segmentary sclerosis
165 із 200
A forensic medical expert examines the body of a 58 y.o. man who had been consuming large amounts of alcochol for a long time and died at home. Microscopicaly: the right lung is dense and enlarged, its incision revealed that the tissue is greyish and homogenous, pleura is covered with greyish layers. Microscopically - alveolar cavities contain fibrin, hemolyzed erythrocytes. Make a diagnosis:
Croupous pneumonia
Focal pneumonia
Caseous pneumonia
Interstitial pneumonia
Primary pulmonary tuberculosis
166 із 200
Two days after consumption of smoked pork a patient got face and eyelid edemata, gastrointestinal disturbances, abrupt temperature rise, muscle pain. Blood analysis showed full-blown eosi-nophilia. What helminth could the patient be infected with?
Trichina
Pinworm
Whipworm
Hookworm
Ascarid
167 із 200
After a tooth extraction a patient felt persistent pain behind his breast bone. After sublingual intake of an antianginal drug the pain behind the breast bone disappeared, but the patient complained of headache and dizziness. What drug are these properties typical for?
Nitroglycerin
Validol
Propranolol
Verapamil
Metoprolol
168 із 200
A patient with fracture of his lower jaw was admitted to the maxillofacial department. It was decided to fix his bones surgically under anaesthetic. After intravenous introduction of muscle relaxant there arose short fibrillar contractions of the patient’s facial muscles. What muscle relaxant was applied?
Dithylinum
Pipecuronium bromide
Diazepam
Melictine
Tubocurarin chloride
169 із 200
Autopsy of a 56 y.o. man revealed in the right temporal part of brain a big focus of softened grey matter that was semiliquid and light grey. Arteries of cerebral tela contain multiple whitish-yellow thickenings of intima that abruptly narrow the lumen. What is your diagnosis?
Ischemic stroke
Brain edema
Hemorrhage
Hemorrhagic infarction
Brain abscess
170 із 200
Vitamin A deficit results in the impairment of twilight vision. Name the cells that have the above-mentioned photoreceptor function:
Rod receptor cell
Ganglion neurocytes
Bipolar neurons
Horizontal neurocytes
Cone receptor cells
171 із 200
Neurological examination of a 65 y.o. patient revealed a haemorrhage within the superior temporal gyrus. In the blood supply area of which artery is it?
Middle cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery
Anterior communicating artery
Basilar artery
172 із 200
A 70 y.o. man has cut an abscess off in the area of mammiform process during shaving. Two days later he was admitted to the hospital with inflammation of arachnoid membranes. How did the infection penetrate into the cavity of skull?
V.emissariae mastoideae
V.v.auriculares
V.v.labyrinthi
V.facialis
V.v.tympanicae
173 із 200
A 22 y.o. woman has enlarged lymph nodes. Histologically: a lymph node contains lymphocytes, histiocytes, reticular cells, small and big Hodgkin’s cells, multinucleated Sternberg cells, isolated foci of caseous necrosis. What disease are these changes typical for?
Lymphogranulomatosis
Chronic leukosis
Acute leukosis
Lymphosarcoma
Lung cancer metastasis
174 із 200
A lymph node punctate of a patient with suspected protozoal disease was examined. Examination of the stained specimen (Romanovsky’s stain) revealed some crescent bodies with pointed end, blue cytoplasm and red nucleus. What protozoan were revealed in the smears?
Toxoplasms
Dermotropic leishmania
Trypanosomes
Malarial plasmodiums
Viscerotropic leishmania
175 із 200
During pubescence the cells of male sexual glands begin to produce male sex hormon testosterone that calls forth secondary sexual characters. What cells of male sexual glands produce this hormone?
Leidig cells
Sertoli’s cells
Sustentocytes
Supporting cells
Spermatozoa
176 із 200
An isolated cell of human heart automatically generates excitation impulses with frequency 60 times pro minute. What heart structure was this cell obtained from?
Sinoatrial node
Atrium
Atrioventricular node
Ventricle
His’ bundle
177 із 200
Examination of a patient revealed a strong, balanced, inert type of higher nervous activity according to Pavlov. What temperament type does the patient have (according to Hippocrates classification)?
Phlegmatic
Choleric
Sanguine
Melancholic
-
178 із 200
A patient has a haemorrhage into the posterior central gyrus. What type of sensitivity on the opposite side will be disturbed?
Skin and proprioceptive
Auditory
Auditory and visual
Visual
Olfactory
179 із 200
Analysis of a punction biopsy material of liver revealed hepatocyte dystrophy with necroses as well as sclerosis with disorder of beam and lobulous structure, with formation of pseudolobules and regenerative nodes. What is the most probable diagnosis:
Liver cirrhosis
Progressive massive liver necrosis
Chronic hepatosis
Chronic hepatitis
Acute hepatitis
180 із 200
Examination of a 60 y.o. patient revealed hyperglycemia and glucosuria. A doctor administered him a medication for internal use. What medication is it?
Glibenclamid
Corglycon
Pancreatine
Furosemide
Oxytocin
181 із 200
A patient who had been working hard under conditions of elevated temperature of the environment, has now a changed quantity of blood plasma proteins. What penomenon is the case?
Relative hyperproteinemia
Absolute hypoproteinemia
Absolute hyperproteinemia
Paraproteinemia
Disproteinemia
182 із 200
An experimental rat with extremity paralysis has no tendon and cutaneous reflexes, muscle tone is decreased, but muscles of the affected extremity maintain their ability to react with excitation to the direct action of continious current. What type of paralysis is it?
Flaccid peripheral
Spastic central
Flaccid central
Extrapyramidal
Spastic peripheral
183 із 200
A liquidator of a breakdown at a nuclear power plant who was irradiated complained about vomiting that occurs all of a sudden. What medication should be prescribed?
Metoclopramide
Reserpine
De-Nol
Atropine
Aeron
184 із 200
Urine examination of a patient with acute cystitis revealed leukocytes and a lot of gramnegative bacilli. Inoculation resulted in growth of colonies of mucous nature that formed green soluble pigment. What microorganism is the most probable cause of the disease?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus mirabilis
Salmonella enteritidis
Escherihia coli
185 із 200
A 45 y.o. patient consulted a doctor about plaque-shaped formation on his neck. Histological examination of biopsy skin material revealed tumourous cells of round and oval form with thin ring of basophilic cytoplasma that resemble of cells of basal epidermal layer. What tumour is it?
Basalioma
Trichoepithelioma
Hydradenoma
Epidermal cancer
Syringoadenoma
186 із 200
A patient has pain, edema and reddening of his skin in the anterosuperi-or area of his thigh and his foot’s thumb. What lymph nodes of his lower extremity responded to the inflammatory process?
Superficial inguinal
Internal longitudinal
Deep inguinal
Superficial longitudinal
General longitudinal
187 із 200
A laboratory received a material from a patient’s wound. Ppreliminary diagnosis is gaseous gangrene. What microbiological method should be applied to determine species of causative agent?
Bacteriological
Serological
RIA
Bacterioscopic
Allergic
188 із 200
Examination of cell culture got from a patient with lysosomal pathology revealed accumulation of great quantity of lipids in the lysosomes. What of the following diseases is this disturbance typical for?
Tay-Sachs disease
Wilson disease
Galactosemia
Gout
Phenylketonuria
189 із 200
A patient got a craniocerebral trauma that resulted in right-side convergent strabismus. Damage of which craniocerebral nerve caused such consequences?
n.abducens
n.trochlearis
n.aculomotorius
n.facialis
n.trigeminus
190 із 200
In case of a penetrating wound of the anterior abdominal wall the wound tract went above the lesser curvature of stomach. What peritoneum formation is most likely to be injured?
Ligamentum hepatogastricum
Ligamentum triangulare sinistrum
Ligamentum hepatorenale
Ligamentum gastrocolicum
Ligamentum hepatoduoduodenale
191 із 200
A rabbit’s nerve that innervates the right ear was cut and its right superior cervical ganglion was removed. Immediately after operation the temperature of ear skin was measured. It was revealed that the temperature of the rabbit’s ear skin on the side of denervation was by 1,5°C higher than on the opposite intact side. What of the following is the most probable explanation of the above-mentioned effects?
Arterial neuroparalytic hyperemia
Physiological arterial hyperemia
Arterial neurotopical hyperemia
Atrerial hyperemia induced by metabolic factors
Reactive arterial hyperemia
192 із 200
A 63 y.o. man fell ill with acute tracheitis and bronchitis accompanied by bronchial pneumonia. On the 10th day the patient died from cardiopulmonary insufficiency. Autopsy revealed fibrinous hemorrhagic laryngotracheobronchi-tis; lungs were enlarged, their incision revealed the 'coal-miner’s' effect caused by interlacing of sections of bronchial pneumonia, hemorrhages into the pulmonary parenchyma, acute abscesses and atelectases. Internal organs have di-scirculatory and dystrophic changes. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Influenza, severe form
Moderately severe influenza
Parainfluenza
Adenoviral infection
Respiratory syncytial infection
193 із 200
Autopsy of a man who died from influenza revealed that his heart was slightly enlarged, pastous, myocardium was dull and had specks. Microscopical examination of myocardium revealed signs of parenchymatous adipose and hydropic dystrophy; stroma was edematic with poor macrophagal and lymphocytic infiltration, vessels were plethoric; perivascular analysis revealed petechial hemorrhages. What type of myocarditis was developed in this case?
Serous diffuse
Serous focal
Purulent
Granulomatous
Interstitial proliferative
194 із 200
A patient with chronic cardiac insufficiency has been treated with cardiotonic drugs and a thiazide diuretic, but in spite of it there are still edemata and risk of ascites. What medication should be prescribed to amplify diuretic effect of the applied drugs?
Spironolactone
Amyloride
Furosemide
Clopamide
Manitole
195 із 200
A patient ill with collagenesis has been taking prednisolone for a long time. Hypokaliemia development caused spastic pain of skeletal muscles. What medication should be used in order to correct potassium exchange?
Panangin
Noshpa
Diazepam
Thyrocalcitonin
Dithylinum
196 із 200
A boy is 7 y.o. Objectively: against the background of hyperemic skin there is knobby brightpink rash on his forehead, neck, at the bottom of abdomen, in the popliteal spaces; nasolabial triangle is pale. Examination of oropharyngeal surface revealed localized bright-red hyperemia; tonsils are swollen, soft, lacunas contain pus, tongue is crimson. Cervical lymph nodes are enlarged, dense and painful. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Scarlet fever
Rubella
Infectious mononucleosis
Diphtheria
Whooping cough
197 із 200
A patient complains of dryness of head skin, itching, fragility and loss of hair. After examination he was diagnosed with seborrhea. Disturbed activity of which cells caused this condition?
Cells of sebaceous glands
Melanocytes
Adipocytes
Epithelial cells
Cells of sudoriferous glands
198 із 200
In the surgical department of a hospital there was an outbreak of hospital infection that showed itself in often postoperative wound abscesses. Bacteriological examination of pus revealed aurococcus. What examination shall be conducted to find out the source of this causative agent among the department personnel?
Phagotyping
Biochemical identification
Microscopical examination
Estimation of antibiotic susceptibility
Serological identification
199 із 200
Short-term physical activity resulted in reflex amplification of heart rate and raise of systemic arterial pressure. What receptors activation was the main cause of pressor reflex realization?
Proprioreceptors of active muscles
Vascular chemoreceptors
Vascular volume receptors
Vascular baroceptors
Hypothalamus thermoreceptors
200 із 200
In course of an experiment a skeletal muscle is being stimulated by a series of electric impulses. What type of muscle contraction will arise, if every subsequent impulse comes in the period of relaxation of single muscle contraction?
Partial tetanus
A series of single contractions
Asynchronous tetanus
Muscle contructure
Holotetanus