Step 1 - Medicine 2007

A patient had to go through an operation. Doctors introduced him di-thylinum (listenone) and performed intubation. After the end of operation and cessation of anesthesia the independent respiration wasn’t restored. Which enzyme deficit prolongs the action of muscle relaxant?

K-Aa-adenosine triphosphatase

A-acetyltransferase

Succinate dehydrogenase

Pseudocholinesterase

Carbanhydrase

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A patient is ill with diabetes mellitus that is accompanied by hyperglycemia of over 7,2 millimole/l on an empty stomach. The level of what blood plasma protein allows to estimate the glycemia rate retrospectively (4-8 weeks before examination)?

C-reactive protein

Glycated hemoglobin

Ceruloplasmin

Albumin

Fibrinogen

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A 60 y.o. patient has a reduced perception of high-frequency sounds. What structures’ disorder of auditory analizer caused these changes?

Main membrane of cochlea near the oval window

Main membrane of cochlea near heli-cotrema

Eustachian tube

Muscles of middle ear

Tympanic membrane

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A patient ill with diabetes mellitus felt acute pain in his right foot. Objectively: foot thumb is black, foot tissues are edematous, there are foci of epidermis desquamation, stinking discharges. What clinicopathological form of necrosis is it?

Infarction

Sequestrum

Dry gangrene

Bedsore

Moist gangrene

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A patient with a stab wound of the anterior stomach wall is in surgical care. What formation of abdominal cavity did the stomach contents get into?

Antegastrial bursa

Left mesenteric sinus

Right mesenteric sinus

Omental bursa

Hepatic bursa

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A 4 y.o. child with signs of durative proteinic starvation was admitted to the hospital. The signs were as follows: growth inhibition, anemia, edemata, mental deficiency. Choose a cause of edemata development:

Reduced synthesis of hemoglobin

Reduced synthesis of lipoproteins

Reduced synthesis of albumins

Reduced synthesis of glycoproteins

Reduced synthesis of globulins

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Autopsy of a patient who suffered from croupous pneumonia and died from pneumococcal sepsis revealed 900 ml of turbid greenish-yellow liquid in the right pleural cavity. Pleural leaves are dull, plephoric. Name the clinicopathological form of inflammation in the pleural cavity:

Empyema

Acute abscess

Fibrinous inflammation

Chronic abscess

Phlegmon

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Examination of a patient revealed reduced contents of magnesium ions that are necessary for attachment of ribosomes to the granular endoplasmatic reticulum. It is known that it causes disturbance of protein biosynthesis. What stage of protein biosynthesis will be disturbed?

Transcription

Aminoacid activation

Translation

Termination

Replication

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Analysis of blood serum of a patient revealed increase of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase level. What cytological changes can cause such a situation?

Disturbance of cellular interrelations

Cellular breakdown

Disorder of enzyme systems of cells

Disturbance of genetic apparatus of cells

Disturbed function of energy supply of cells

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Power inputs of a boy increased from 500 to 2000 kj pro hour. What can be the

Raise of outer temperatute

Mental activity

Physical exercise

Food intake

Transition from sleep to wakefulness

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A patient presents high activity of LDH^, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase. In what organ (organs) is the development of a pathological process the most probable?

In kidneys and adrenals

In the heart muscle (initial stage of myocardium infarction)

In connective tissue

In liver and kidneys

In skeletal muscles (dystrophy, atrophy)

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According to the data of WHO, for about 250 mln of Earth population fall ill with malaria. This disease is mostly spread in tropical and subtropical regions. Range of its spread falls into the areal of the following mosquitoes:

Aedes

Culex

Mansonia

Anopheles

Culiseta

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Autopsy of a 58 y.o. man revealed that bicuspid valve was deformed, thickened and unclosed. Microscopically: foci of collagen fibrilla are eosinophilic, react positively to fibrin. The most probably it is:

Mucoid swelling

Hyalinosis

Fibrinoid swelling

Fibrinous inflammation

Amyloidosis

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Labeled aminoacids alanine and tryptophane were introducted to a mouse in order to study localization of protein biosynthesis in its cells. Around what organellas will the accumulation of labeled aminoacids be observed?

Ribosomes

Agranular endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Cell centre

Lysosomes

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In some regions of South Africa there is a spread sickle-shaped cell anemia, in which erythrocytes have shape of a sickle as a result of substitution of glutamin by valine in the hemoglobin molecule. What is the cause of this disease?

Disturbance of mechanisms of genetic information realization

Transduction

Gene mutation

Crossingover

Genomic mutations

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A patient died under conditions of cardiovascular insufficiency. Autopsy results: postinfarction cardiosclerosis, myocardium hypertrophy and dilatation of its cavities, especially of its right ventricle. Liver is enlarged, its surface is smooth, incision revealed that it was plethoric, with dark-red specks against the background of brownish tissue. Histologically: plethora of central parts of lobules; peritheral parts around portal tracts contain hepatocytes in a state of adipose degeneration. How are these liver changes called?

Nutmeg liver

Pseudonutmeg liver

Liver steatosis

Amyloidosis

Liver cirrhosis

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Autopsy of a man who died from chronic cardiovascular collapse revealed 'tiger heart'. Sidewards of endocardium a yellowish-white banding can be seen; myocardium is dull, darkyellow. What process caused this pathology?

Fatty parenchymatous degeneration

Hyaline degeneration

Amyloidosis

Carbohydrate degeneration

Fatty vascular-stromal degeneration

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In course of an experiment a skeletal muscle is being stimulated by a series of electric impulses. What type of muscle contraction will arise, if every subsequent impulse comes in the period of shortening of the previous single muscle contraction?

Asynchronous tetanus

Holotetanus

Partial tetanus

A series of single contractions

Muscle contracture

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Ammonia is a very toxic substance, especially for nervous system. What substance takes the most active part in ammonia detoxication in brain tissues?

Lysine

Proline

Alanine

Histidine

Glutamic acid

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A man was admitted to the hospital on the 5th day of disease that manifested itself by jaundice, muscle aching, chill, nose bleedings. In course of laboratory diagnostics a bacteriologist performed dark-field microscopy of the patient’s blood drop. Name a causative agent of this disease:

Rickettsia mooseri

Borrelia dutlonii

Bartonella bacilloformis

Calymmatobacterium granulomatis

Leptospira interrogans

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A patient has a transverse disruption of spinal cord below the IV thoracic segment. What changes of respiration will it cause?

Respiration will become more frequent

Respiration will become less frequent

Respiration will become deeper

Respiration will stay unchanged

Respiration will stop

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12 hours after an accute attack of retrosternal pain a patient presented a jump of aspartate aminotransferase activity in blood serum. What pathology is this deviation typical for?

Viral hepatitis

Diabetes mellitus

Collagenosis

Myocardium infarction

Diabetes insipidus

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A lightly dressed man is standing in a room, air temperature is +140C, windows and doors are closed. In what way does he emit heat the most actively?

Evaporation

Convection

Heat radiation

Heat conduction

Perspiration

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A 30 y.o. woman had been ill for a year when she felt pain in the area of joints for the first time, they got swollen and skin above them became reddened. Provisional diagnosis is rheumatoid arthritis. One of the most probable causes of this disease is a structure alteration of a connective tissue protein:

Collagen

Mucin

Myosin

Troponin

Ovoalbumin

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A patient with infectious mononucleosis has been taking glucocorticoids for two weeks. He was brought into remission, but he fell ill with acute attack of chronic tonsillitis. What action of glucocorticoids caused this complication?

Antiallergic

Antishock

Antitoxic

Immunosuppressive

Anti-inflammatory

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A peripheral segment of vagus nerve on a dog’s neck was being stimulated in course of an experiment. The following changes of cardiac activity could be meanwhile observed:

Increased excitability of myocardium

Enhancement of atrioventricular conduction

Heart rate fall

Heart hurry

Heart rate and heart force amplification

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As a result of exhausting muscular work a worker has largely reduced buffer capacity of blood. What acidic substance that came to blood caused this phenomenon?

3- phosphoglycerate

Pyruvate

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

Lactate

-

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A patient was delivered to the hospital by an emergency team. Objectively: grave condition, unconscious, adynamy. Cutaneous surfaces are dry, eyes are sunken, face is cyanotic. There is tachycardia and smell of acetone from the mouth. Analysis results: blood glucose -20,1 micromole/l (standard is 3,3-5,5 mi-cromole/l), urine glucose - 3,5% (standard is - 0). What is the most probable diagnosis?

Acute alcoholic intoxication

Hyperglycemic coma

Acute heart failure

Anaphylactic shock

Hypoglycemic coma

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A 62 y.o. woman complains of frequent pains in the area of her chest and backbone, rib fractures. A doctor assumed myelomatosis (plasmocytoma). What of the following laboratory characteristics will be of the greatest diagnostical importance?

Hyperalbuminemia

Hypoglobulinemia

Proteinuria

Paraproteinemia

Hypoproteinemia

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Nappies of a newborn have dark spots' that witness of formation of homogenti-sic acid. Metabolic imbalance of which substance is it connected with?

Cholesterine

Galactose

Thyrosine

Tryptophane

Methionine

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Having helped to eliminate consequences of a failure at a nuclear power plant, a worker got an irradiation doze of 500 roentgen. He complains of headache, nausea, dizziness. What changes in leukocytes quantity can be expected 10 hours after irradiation?

Leukopenia

Neutrophilic leukocytosis

Agranulocytosis

Leukemia

Lymphocytosis

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A12 y.o. boy who suffers from bronchial asthma has an acute attack of asthma: evident expiratory dyspnea, skin pallor. What type of alveolar ventilation disturbance is it?

Neuromuscular

Obstructive

Throracodiaphragmatic

Central

Restrictive

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A woman who has been keeping to a clean-rice diet for a long time was diagnosed with polyneuritis (beriberi). What vitamin deficit results in development of this disease?

Riboflavin

Ascorbic acid

Thiamine

Folic acid

Pyridoxine

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Removal of gall bladder of a patient has disturbed processes of Ca absorption through the intestinal wall. What vitamin will stimulate this process?

B12

D3

PP

K

C

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A hepatitis outbreak was registered in a settlement. This episode is connected with water factor. What hepatitis virus could have caused the infective outbreak in this settlement?

C

B

E

G

D

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Examination of a 43 y.o. patient revealed that his stomach has difficulties with digestion of protein food. Gastric juice analysis revealed low acidity. Function of which gastric cells is disturbed in this case?

Endocrinous cells

Cervical mucocytes

Mucous cells (mucocytes)

Main exocrinocytes

Parietal exocrinocytes

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A 16 y.o. boy from a countryside entered an educational establishment. Scheduled Manteux test revealed that the boy had negative reaction. What are the most reasonable actions in this case?

To perform BCG vaccination

To perform serodiagnostics of tuberculosis

To isolate the boy temporarily from his mates

To perform rapid Price diagnostics

To repeat the reaction in a month

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A patient complains of frequent diarrheas, especially after consumption of fattening food, and of body weight loss. Laboratory examination revealed steatorrhea; hypocholic feces. What can be the cause of this condition?

Lack of pancreatic phospholipase

Lack of pancreatic lipase

Mucous membrane inflammation of small intestine

Unbalanced diet

Obturation of biliary tracts

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A patient consulted a doctor about bowels disfunction. The doctor established symptoms of duodenitis and enteritis. Laboratory examination helped to make the following diagnosis: lambliosis. What medication should be administered?

Erythromycin

Metronidazole

Monomycin

Chingamin

Tetracycline

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A group of mountain climbers went through the blood analysis at the height of 3000 m. It revealed decrease of HCO3 to 15 micromole/l (standard is 2226 micromole/l). What is the mechanism of HCO3 decrease?

Intensification of acidogenesis

Hypoventilation

Hyperventilation

Decrease of ammoniogenesis

Decrease of bicarbonate reabsorption in kidneys

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Introduction of a pharmaceutical substance to an experimental animal resulted in reduction of salivation, pupil mydriasis. Next intravenous introduction of acetylcholine didn’t lead to any significant changes of heart rate. Name this substance:

Salbutamol

Proserin

Propranolol

Atropine

Adrenaline

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Continious taking of a drug can result in osteoporosis, erosion of stomach mucous membrane, hypokali-emia, retention of sodium and water, reduced content of corticotropin in blood. Name this drug:

Hydrochlorothiazide

Digoxin

Indometacin

Prednisolone

Reserpine

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A child is languid, apathetic. Liver is enlarged and liver biopsy revealed a significant excess of glycogene. Glucose concentration in the blood stream is below normal. What is the cause of low glucose concentration?

High activity of glycogen synthetase

Deficit of a gene that is responsible for synthesis of glucose 1-phosphaturidine transferase

Low (absent) activity of glycogene phosphorylase in liver

Low (absent) activity of hexokinase

Low (absent) activity of glucose 6-phosphatase

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A 63 y.o. man with collapse symptoms was delivered to the emergency hospital. A doctor chose noradrenaline in order to prevent hypotension. What is the action mechanism of this medication?

Activation of serotonin receptors

Activation of 3-adrenoreceptors

Activation of dopamine receptors

Block of M-cholinoreceptors

Activation of a-adrenoreceptors

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From pharynx of a child with suspected diphtheria a pure culture of microorganisms was isolated. Their morphological, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties appeared to be typical for diphtheria causative agents. What study should be conducted in order to drow a conclusion that this is a pathogenic diphtheria bacillus?

Estimation of cystinous activity

Estimation of toxigenic properties

Estimation of urease activity

Estimation of proteolytic properties

Estimation of ability to decompose starch

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Examination of a child revealed some whitish spots' looking like coagulated milk on the mucous membrane of his cheeks and tongue. Analysis of smears revealed gram-positive oval yeast-like cells. What causative agents are they?

Actinomycetes

Diphtheria bacillus

Candida

Staphylococci

Fusobacteria

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A 35 y.o. patient who often consumes alcohol was treated with diuretics. There appeared serious muscle and heart weakness, vomiting, diarrhea, AP- 100/60 mm Hg, depression. This condition is caused by intensified excretion with uri-

Calcium

Phosphates

Sodium

Chlorine

Potassium

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After intake of rich food a patient feels nausea and sluggishness; with time there appeared signs of steatorrhea. Blood cholesterine concentration is 9,2 micromole/l. This condition was caused by lack of:

Bile acids

Chylomicrons

Fatty acids

Triglycerides

Phospholipids

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Examination of a man who hadn’t been consuming fats but had been getting enough carbohydrates and proteins for a long time revealed dermatitis, poor wound healing, vision impairment. What is the probable cause of metabolic disorder?

Lack of oleic acid

Lack of vitamins PP, H

Low caloric value of diet

Lack of linoleic acid, vitamins A, D, E, K

Lack of palmitic acid

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An experimental animal has been given excessive amount of carbon-labeled glucose for a week. What compound can the label be found in?

Choline

Methionine

Palmitic acid

Vitamin A

Arachidonic acid

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RNA that contains AIDS virus penetrated into a leukocyte and by means of reverse transcriptase forced a cell to synthetize a viral DNA. This process is based upon:

Reverse translation

Operon depression

Operon repression

Reverse transcription

Convariant replication

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Examination of a patient with frequent hemorrhages from internals and mucous membranes revealed proline and lysine being a part of collagene fibers. What vi- tamin absence caused disturbance of their hydroxylation?

Thiamine

Vitamin C

Vitamin K

Vitamin E

Vitamin A

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A patient who suffers from pneumonia has high body temperature. What biologically active substance plays the leading part in origin of this phenomenon?

Bradykinin

Leukotrienes

Serotonin

Histamine

Interleukin-I

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A 27 y.o. patient put eye drops that contain penicillin. After a few minutes she felt itching and burning of her body, there appeared lip and eye-lid edemata; arterial pressure began to drop. What immunoglobulins took part in the development of this allergic reaction?

IgA and IgM

IgE and IgG

IgG and IgD

IgM and IgD

IgM and IgG

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A patient suffers from hepatic cirrhosis. Examination of which of the following substances excreted by urine can characterize the state of antitoxic function of liver?

Hippuric acid

Uric acid

Kreatinine

Aminoacids

Ammonium salts

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A 2 y.o. child has convulsions as a result of lowered concentration of calcium ions in blood plasma. It is caused by reduced function of:

Hypophysis

Adrenal cortex

Pineal gland

Thymus

Parathyroid glands

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Inflammation of a patient’s eye was accompanied by accumulation of turbid liquid with high protein at the bottom of anterior chamber that was called hypopyon. What process underlies the changes under observation?

Proliferation

-

Primary alteration

Secondary alteration

Disturbance of microcirculation

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Heart rate of a man permanently equals 40 beats pro minute. What is the pacemaker?

His’ bundle

Atriventricular node

His’ bundle branches

Purkinje’s fibers

Sinoatrial node

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A 48 y.o. patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints about weakness, irritability, sleep disturbance. Objectively: skin and scleras are yellow. In blood: conjugated bilirubin, cholalemia. Feces are acholic. Urine is of dark colour (bilirubin). What jaundice is it?

Gilbert’s syndrome

Hemolytic

Parenchymatous

Crigler-Najjar syndrome

Mechanic

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Bacteriological examination of a patient with food poisoning required inoculation of a pure culture of bacteria with the following properties: gramnegative movable bacillus that grows in the Endo’s medium in form of colourless colonies. A representative of which species caused this disease?

Iersinia

Salmonella

Citrobacter

Shigella

Esherichia

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A patient was diagnosed with active focal pulmonary tuberculosis. What drug should be prescribed in the first place?

Ethoxide

Sulfalen

Ethionamide

Isoniazid

Cyclocerine

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Examination of a young man in the AIDS centre produced a positive result of immune-enzyme assay with HIV antigens. Patient’s complaints about state of his health were absent. What can the positive result of immune-enzyme assay be evidence of?

Being ill with AIDS

Being infected with HBV

Having had AIDS recently

HIV infection

HBV persistence

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Parents of a 10 y.o. boy consulted a doctor about extension of hair-covering, growth of beard and moustache, low voice. Intensified secretion of which hormone must be assumed?

Of progesterone

Of somatotropin

Of oestrogen

Of cortisol

Of testosterone

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A patient who suffers from severe disorder of water-salt metabolism experienced cardiac arrest in diastole. What is the most probable mechanism of cardiac arrest in diastole?

Hyponatremia

Hypokaliemia

Organism dehydratation

Hyperkaliemia

Hypernatremia

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Examination of coronary arteries revealed atherosclerotic calcific plaques that close vessel lumen by 1/3. The muscle has multiple whitish layers of connective tissue. What process was revealed in myocardium?

Postinfarction cardiosclerosis

Myocarditis

Myocardium infarction

Diffuse cardiosclerosis

Tiger heart

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Reaction of passive hemagglutination conducted with erythrocytic typhoid Vi-diagnosticum helped to reveal some antibodies in the dilution of the patient’s serum at a ratio of 1:80 that exceeds the diagnostic titer. Such result witnesses of:

Incubation period of typhoid fever

Typhoid fever recurrence

Being ill with acute typhoid fever

Being a potential carrier of typhoid bacilli

Reconvalescence of a patient ill with typhoid fever

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A teenager was irradiated with high radiation dose that resulted in serious damages of lymphoid system, lysis of many lymphocytes. Restoration of normal hemogram is possible due to the functioning of the following gland:

Thymus

Adrenal

Thyroid

Liver

Pancreas

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A man with cut wound of his right foot sole was admitted to the hospital ward. The patient has limited elevation of the lateral foot edge. In course of wound management the injury of a muscle tendon was revealed. What muscle is injured?

Triceps muscle of crus

Short peroneal

Long peroneal

Anterior tibial

Long extensor muscle of toes

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A patient who suffers from heart failure has enlarged liver, edemata of lower extremities, ascites. What is the leading mechanism in the development of this edema?

Membranogenic

Lymphogenous

Hydrodynamic

-

Colloid osmotic

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A 32 y.o. man is tall, he has gynecomastia, adult woman pattern of hair distribution, high voice, mental deficiency, sterility. Provisional diagnosis is Klinefelter’s syndrome. In order to specify diagnosis it is necessary to analize:

Caryotype

Blood group

Genealogy

Leukogram

Spermatogenesis

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Examination of a miner revealed pulmonary fibrosis accompanied by disturbance of alveolar ventilation. What is the main mechanism of this disturbance?

Constriction of superior respiratory tracts

Limitation of respiratory surface of lungs

Disturbance of neural respiration control

Bronchi spasm

Limitation of breast mobility

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A man took a quiet expiration. Name an air volume that is meanwhile contained in his lungs:

Expiratory reserve volume

Respiratory volume

Vital lung capacity

Functional residual capacity

Residual volume

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Examination of an isolated cardi-omyocyte revealed that it didn’t generate excitation impulses automatically. This cardiomyocyte was obtained from:

Sinoatrial node

Ventricles

Purkinje’s fibers

His’ bundle

Atrioventricular node

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Examination of a man established that cardiac output equaled 3500 ml, systolic output - 50 ml. What is the man’s heart rate pro minute?

60

90

80

50

70

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A man who went for a ride on a roundabout had amplification of heart rate, sweating and nausea. What receptors stimulation is it primarily connected with?

Proprioceptors

Visual

Vestibular

Tactors

Auditory

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In order to estimate toxigenity of diphtheria agents obtained from patients the cultures were inoculated on Petri dish with nutrient agar on either side of a filter paper strip that was put into the centre and moistened with antidiphtheric antitoxic serum. After incubation of inoculations in agar the strip-like areas of medium turbidity were found between separate cultures and the strip of filter paper. What immunological reaction was conducted?

Coomb’s test

Opsonization reaction

Agglutination reaction

Rings precipitation reaction

Precipitation gel reaction

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A man’s intrapleural pressure is being measured. In what phase did the man hold his breath, if his pressure is 7,5 cm Hg?

Quiet expiration

Forced inspiration

Quiet inspiration

Forced expiration

-

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A 49 y.o. woman consulted a doctor about heightened fatigue and dyspnea during physical activity. ECG: heart rate is 50/min, PQ is extended, QRS is unchanged, P wave quanity exceeds quantity of QRS complexes. What type of arrhythmia does the patient have?

Ciliary arhythmia

Sinus bradycardia

Atrioventricular block

Sinoatrial block

Extrasystole

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A patient with neuritis of femoral nerve has disturbed flexion of thigh as well as disturbed crus extension in the knee joint. What muscle’s function is disturbed?

Semitendinous muscle

Biceps muscle of thigh

Triceps muscle of thigh

Semimembranous muscle

Quadriceps muscle of thigh

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Autopsy of a newborn boy revealed polydactylia, microcephalia, cheiloschisis and uranoschisis as well as hypertrophy of parenchimatous organs. These defects correspond with the description of Patau’s syndrome. What is the most probable cause of this pathology?

Trisomy of the 18th chromosome

Partial monosomy

Trisomy of the 13th chromosome

Trisomy of the 21st chromosome

Nondisjunction of sex chromosomes

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An ovary specimen stained by hematoxylin-eosin presents a follicle, where cells of follicular epithelium are placed in 1-2 layers and have cubic form, there is a bright-red membrane around the ovocyte. What follicle is it?

Secondary

Primordial

Mature

Primary

Atretic

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A woman has been applying a new cosmetic preparation for a week that resulted in eye-lid inflammation accompanied by hyperemia, infiltration and painfulness. What type of allergic reaction was developed?

I

III

II

IV

V

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Examination of a patient revealed extremely myotic pupils, sleepiness, infrequent ChainStoke’s respiration, urinary retention, slowing-down of heart rate, enhancement of spinal reflexes. What substance caused the poisoning?

Caffeine

Phosphacole

Barbital

Morphine

Atropine

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A patient is followed up in an endocrinological dispensary on account of hyperthyreosis. Weight loss, tachycardia, finger tremor are accompanied by hypoxia symptoms - headache, fatigue, eye flicker. What mechanism of thyroid hormones action underlies the development of hypoxia?

Intensification of respiratory ferment synthesis

Specific binding of active centres of respiratory ferments

Inhibition of respiratory ferment synthesis

Competitive inhibition of respiratory ferments

Disjunction, oxydation and phosphori-lation

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A doctor administered a patient with allergic dermatitis a Hi -histamine blocker as a part of complex treatment. Name this medication:

Loratadine

Cromolyn sodium

Hydrocortisone

Prednisolone

Adrenaline

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An injured man has bleeding from branches of carotid artery. For a temporary arrest of bleeding it is necessary to press the carotid artery to the tubercle of a cervical vertebra. Which vertebra is it?

V

III

IV

II

VI

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As a result of an accident a patient has intense painfullness and edema of the anterior crus surface; dorsal flexion of foot is hindered. Function of which crus muscle is most likely to be disturbed?

M.peroneus longus

M.peroneus brevis

M.flexor hallucis longus

M.flexor digitorum longus

M.tibialis anterior

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The first grade pupils were examined in order to sort out children for tuberculosis revaccination. What test was applied for this purpose?

Burnet test

Schick test

Anthraxine test

Supracutaneous tularin test

Mantoux test

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The permeability of the irritable cell membrane has been increased for potassium ions during an experiment. What changes of membrane electric status can occur?

No changes

Action potential

Local response

Depolarization

Hyperpolarization

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A patient with II stage hypertension has been taking one of hypotensive medications for the purpose of treatment. After a time arterial pressure decreased, but the patient started complaining of flaccidity, sleepiness, indifference. A bit later he felt stomach pain. He was diagnosed with ulcer. What hypotensive medication has the patient been taking?

Furosemide

Dibazole

Reserpine

Verapamil

Captopril

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6 months after delivery a woman had uterine bleeding. Gynecological examination revealed in the uterine cavity a dark-red tissue with multiple cavities that resembled of 'sponge'. Microscopic examination of the tumour revealed some atypic light epithelial Langhans cells and giant cells of cyncytiotrophoblast in blood lacunas. What tumour is it?

Chorioepithelioma

Vesicular mole

Adenocarcinoma

Squamous cell nonkeratinous carcinoma

Fibromyoma

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A 40 y.o. patient complains of intensive heartbeats, sweating, nausea, vision impairment, arm tremor, hypertension. From his anamnesis: 2 years ago he was diagnosed with pheochromocytoma. Hyperproduction of what hormones causes the given pathology?

Thyroid hormones

Aldosterone

Catecholamines

ACTH

Glucocorticoids

‹ Назад

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A 56 y.o. patient has been suffering from thyreotoxicosis for a long time. What type of hypoxia can be developed?

Respiratory

Circulatory

Mixed

Tissue

Hemic

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A sportsman was recommended to take a medication that contains carnitine in order to improve his results. What process is activated by carnitine the most?

Fatty acids transport to mitochondrions

Synthesis of ketone bodies

Synthesis of steroid hormones

Synyhesis of lipids

Tissue respiration

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Далі ›

A patient has symptoms of inflammation of urogenital tracts. Examination of a vaginal smear revealed big monocellular, pear-shaped organisms with the pointed spike at the posterior end of body, big nucleus and undulating membrane. What protozoa were found in the smear?

Trichomonas buccalis

Lamblia intestinalis

Trichomonas hominis

Trypanosoma gambiense

Trichomonas vaginalis

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A patient has extrasystole. ECG shows no P wave, QRS complex is deformed, there is a full compensatory pause. What extrasystoles are these?

Atrioventricular

Sinus

-

Ventricular

Atrial

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A patient who suffers from cancer of back of tongue has an intense bleeding as a result of affection of dorsal lingual artery by the tumour. What vessel should be ligated to stop bleeding?

Facial artery

Dorsal lingual artery

Lingual artery

Ascending pharyngeal artery

Deep lingual artery

‹ Назад

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In course of an experiment a big number of stem cells of red bone marrow was in some way destructed. Regeneration of which cell populations in the loose connective tissue will be inhibited?

Of fibroblasts

Of lipocytes

Of macrophags

Of pigment cells

Of pericytes

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Histological examination of a 40 y.o. man’s thymus revealed decreased share of parenchymatous gland elements, increased share of adipose and loose connective tissue, its enrichment with thymus bodies. The organ’s mass was unchanged. What phenomenon is it?

Age involution

Atrophy

Dystrophy

Accidental involution

Hypotrophy

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Mucous membrane of the right palatine tonsil has a painless ulcer with smooth lacquer fundus and regular cartilagenous edges. Microscopically: inflammatory infiltration that consists of lymphocytes, plasmocytes, a small number of neutrophils and epithelioid cells; endovasculitis and perivasculitis. What disease is it?

Syphilis

Pharyngeal diphtheria

Ulcerous necrotic Vincent’s angina

Tuberculosis

Actinomycosis

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Bacteriological laboratory examines canned meat whether it contains botulinum toxin. For this purpose an extract of test specimen and antitoxic antibotulinic serum of A, B, E types were introducted to a group of mice under examination; a control group of mice got the extract without antibotulinic serum. What serological reaction was applied?

Complement binding

Double immune diffusion

Precipitation

Opsono-phagocytic

Neutralization

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To prevent postoperative bleeding a 6 y.o. child was administered vicasol that is a synthetic analogue of vitamin K. Name post-translational changes of blood coagulation factors that will be activated by vicasol:

Glycosylation

Phosphorylation of serine radicals

Carboxylation of glutamin acid

Polymerization

Partial proteolysis

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As a result of spinal-cord trauma a 33 y.o. man has a disturbed pain and temperature sensitivity that is caused by damage of the following tract:

Posterior spinocerebellar

Medial spinocortical

Spinothalamic

Lateral spinocortical

Anterior spinocerebellar

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For the preparation of a patient’s burn skin surface a certain medication was used. Its antiseptic action is provided by free oxygen that segregates in presence of organic substances. Choose the right answer:

Furacilin

Boric acid

Potassium permanganate

Chlorhexidine

Sodium bicarbonate

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After a 2 y.o. child has had flu, there appeared complaints about ear ache. A doctor revealed hearing impairment and inflammation of the middle ear. How did the infection penetrate into the middle ear?

Through canalis nasolacrimalis

Through foramen jugularis

Through the auditory tube

Through atrium mastoideum

Through canalis caroticus

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A 50 y.o. patient with chronic cardiac insufficiency and tachyarrythmia was prescribed a cardiotonic drug. What drug was prescribed?

Amyodarone

Digoxin

Dopamine

Mildronate

Dobutamine

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Microscopical examination of a removed appendix revealed an edema, diffuse neutrophilic infiltration of appendix wall along with necrosis and defect of mucous membrane with affection of its muscle plate. What appendicitis form was developed?

Phlegmonous

Superficial

Ulcerophlegmonous

Gangrenous

Apostematous

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A 39 y.o. woman went through an operation in course of which surgeons removed her uterine tube that was enlarged and a part of an ovary with a big cyst. Histological examination of a tube wall revealed decidual cells, chorion villi. What was the most probable diagnosis made after examination of the uterine tube?

Tubal pregnancy

Placental polyp

Papyraceous fetus

Lithopedion

Choriocarcinoma

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A 4 y.o. boy has had recently serious viral hepatitis. Now there are such clinical presentations as vomiting, loss of consciousness, convulsions. Blood analysis revealed hyperammoniemia. Disturbunce of which biochemical process caused such pathological condition of the patient?

Disturbed neutralization of ammonia in liver

Activation of aminoacid decarboxylation

Increased putrefaction of proteins in bowels

Disturbed neutralization of biogenic amines

Inhibition of transamination enzyms

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Examination of a patient revealed hyperkaliemia and hyponatremia. Low secretion of which hormone may cause such changes?

Natriuretic

Parathormone

Cortisol

Vasopressin

Aldosteron

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In course of indirect histogenesis of tubular bone tissue a plate is formed between epiphyseal and diaphyseal ossification centres that provides further lengthwise growth of bones. What structure is it?

Osseous cuff

Osteon

Metaphyseal plate

Layer of interior general plates

Osseous plate

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A 40 y.o. woman was admitted to the infectious diseases department with high body temperature. Objectively: evident meningeal symptoms. A spinal cord punction was made. What anatomic formation was punctured?

Cisterna cerebellomedullaris posterior

Spatium subdurale

Spatium epidurale

Cavum trigeminale

Spatium subarachnoideum

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After resection of the middle third of femoral artery obliterated by a thromb the lower extremity is supplied with blood due to the surgical bypass. Name an artery that plays the main role in reestablishment of blood flow:

Descending genicular artery

Deep femoral artery

Deep external pudendal artery

Superficial circumflex artery of hip bone

Superficial epigastric artery

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A patient’s knee joint doesn’t extend, there is no knee-jerk reflex, skin sensitivity of the anterior femoral surface is disturbed. What nerve structures are damaged?

Big fibular nerve

Superior gluteal nerve

Femoral nerve

Obturator nerve

Inferior gluteal nerve

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An electron micrograph of a kidney fragment presents an afferent arteriole. Under its endothelium some big cells can be seen that contain secretory granules. What type of cells is it?

Smooth muscle cells

Interstitial

Juxtaglomerular

Juxtavascular

Mesangeal

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For the purpose of retrtospective diagnostics of recent bacterial dysentery it was decided to perform serological examination of blood serum in order to determine antibody titer towards Shiga bacilli. What of the following reactions should be applied?

Passive hemagglutination

Bacteriolysis

Bordet-Gengou test

Hemolysis

Precipitation

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Examination of a 43 y.o. anephric patient revealed anemia symptoms. What is the cause of these symptoms?

Enhanced destruction of erythrocytes

Reduced synthesis of erythropoietins

Iron deficit

Vitamin B12 deficit

Folic acid deficit

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A 50 y.o. patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints about pain behind his breastbone, asphyxia during physical activity. Angiography revealed pathological changes in the posterior interventricular branch of the right coronary artery. What heart parts are affected?

Left atrium

Right atrioventricular valve

Anterior wall of the right and left ventricles

Posterior wall of the right and left ventricles

Right atrium

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48 hours after performing tuberculin test (Mantoux test) to a child a 10 mm papule appeared on the spot of tuberculin introduction. What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies these changes?

Immune complex cytotoxicity

Cellular cytotoxicity

Anaphylaxis

Granulomatosis

Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity

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Examination of a newborn boy’s genitals revealed a cleft of urethra that opens on the inferior surface of his penis. What developmental anomaly is it?

Cryptorchism

Monorchism

Hypospadia

Epispadia

Hermaphroditism

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A patient has a disturbed absorbtion of fat hydrolysates. It might have been caused by a deficit in the small intestine cavity:

Of bile pigments

Of bile acids

Of lipolytic enzymes

Of liposoluble vitamins

Of sodium ions

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Inhabitants of territories with cold climate have high content of an adaptive thermoregulatory hormone. What hormone is meant?

Glucagon

Cortisol

Insulin

Thyroxin

Somatotropin

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Violation of safety rules resulted in calomel intoxication. Two days later the daily diuresis was 620 ml. A patient experienced headache, vomiting, convulsions, dyspnea, moist rales in lungs. What pathology is it?

Glomerulonephritis

Uraemic coma

Chronic renal insufficiency

Pyelonephritis

Acute renal insufficiency

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A newborn child with pylorostenosis has often repeating vomiting accompanied by apathy, weakness, hypertonicity, sometimes convulsions. What disorder form of acid-base balance is it?

Gaseous alkalosis

Nongaseous alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis

Gaseous acidosis

Excretory acidosis

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Glutamate decarboxylation results in formation of inhibitory transmitter in CNS. Name it:

Serotonin

Glutathione

GABA

Asparagine

Histamine

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In course of histidine catabolism a biogenic amin is formed that has powerful vasodilatating effect. Name it:

Dopamine

Histamine

Noradrenalin

Serotonin

Dioxyphenylalanine

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Utilization of arachidonic acid via cyclooxigenase pathway results in formation of some bioactive substances. Name them:

Somatomedins

Biogenic amins

Thyroxine

Prostaglandins

Insulin-like growth factors

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As a result of damage to certain structures of brainstem an animal lost orientation reflexes. What structures were damaged?

Vestibular nuclei

Black substance

Red nuclei

Medial nuclei of reticular formation

Quadritubercular bodies

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Osmotic pressure of a man’s blood plasma is 350 mosmole/l (standard pressure is 300 mosmole/l). First of all it will result in high secretion of the following hormone:

Aldosteron

Natriuretic

Vasopressin

Adrenocorticotropin

Cortisol

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A young man consulted a doctor about disturbed urination. Examination of his external genitals revealed that urethra is split on top and urine runs out of this opening. What anomaly of external genitals development is the case?

Paraphimosis

Epispadia

Hypospadia

Hermaphroditism

Phimosis

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A patient complains of pain in the area of his liver. Duodenal intubation revealed yellowish, oval, narrowed at the poles eggs with an operculum at the end. Size of these eggs is the smallest among all helminth eggs. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Teniasis

Opisthorchosis

Echinococcosis

Diphyllobothriasis

Beef tapeworm infection

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Colonoscopy of a patient ill with dysentery revealed that mucous membrane of his large intestine is hyperemic, edematic, its surface was covered with grey-and-green coats. Name the morphological form of dysenteric collitis:

Ulcerous

Necrotic

Catarrhal

Purulent

Fibrinous

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24 hours after appendectomy blood of a patient presents neutrophilic leukocytosis with regenerative shift. What is the most probable mechanism of leukocytosis development?

Amplification of leukopoiesis

Amplification of leukopoiesis and decelerated emigration of leukocytes to the tissues

Deceleratied emigration of leukocytes to the tissues

Redistribution of leukocytes in the organism

Decelerated leukocyte destruction

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Arterial pressure of a surgeon who performed a long operation rised up to 140/110 mm Hg. What changes of humoral regulation could have caused the rise of arterial pressure in this case?

Activation of renin angiotensive system

Activation of kallikrein kinin system

Activation of sympathoadrenal system

Inhibition of sympathoadrenal system

Activation of formation and excretion of aldosterone

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A hypertensive glucose solution was introduced to a patient. It will intensify water movement:

From the cells to the intercellular liquid

From the intercellular liquid to the cells

There will be no changes of water movement

From the intercellular liquid to the capillaries

From the capillaries to the intercellular liquid

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A 36 y.o. man has a craniocerebral trauma. Objectively: diminished breath sounds, thready pulse, no reflexes. What way of pyracetam introduction will be the most apropriate in this case?

Rectal

Subcutaneous

Peroral

Intravenous

Inhalation

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A child complains of general weakness, loss of appetite, a troubled sleep, itching in the perianal area. The provisional diagnosis is enterobiasis. In order to specify this diagnosis it is necessary to perform:

Scraping from perianal folds

Duodenal contents analysis

Immune diagnostics

Roentgenoscopy

Biopsy of muscle tissue

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A patient was ill with burn disease that was complicated by DIC syndrome. What stage of DIC syndrome can be suspected if it is known that the patient’s blood coagulates in less than 3 minutes?

Terminal

Hypocoagulation

Fibrinolysis

Transition phase

Hypercoagulation

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In course of practical training students studied a stained blood smear of a mouse with bacteria phagocyted by leukocytes. What cell organella completes digestion of these bacteria?

Granular endoplasmic reticulum

Mytochondrions

Lisosomes

Ribosomes

Golgi apparatus

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A 55 y.o. woman consulted a doctor about having continuous cyclic uterine hemorrhages for a year, weakness, dizziness. Examination revealed skin pallor. Hemogram: Hb- 70 g/l, erythrocytes -3, 2 • 1012/l, color index - 0,6, leukocytes - 6,0 • 109/l, reticulocytes -1%; erythrocyte hypochromia. What anemia is it?

Hemolytic anemia

B12-folate-deficiency anemia

Iron-deficiency anemia

Chronic posthemorrhagic anemia

Aplastic anemia

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According to audiometry data a patient has a disturbed perception of medium-frequency sounds. It might have been caused by a damage of:

Lateral geniculate bodies

Middle part of helix

Cochlear nuclei

Spiral ganglion

Quadritubercular structure

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A patient diagnosed with carcinoid of bowels was admitted to the hospital. Analysis revealed high production of serotonin. It is known that this substance is formed of tryptophane aminooacid. What biochemical mechanism underlies this process?

Decarboxylation

Transamination

Microsomal oxydation

Formation of paired compounds

Desamination

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A 23 y.o. patient complains of weakness, temperature rise up to 38 — 40°G. Objectively: liver and spleen are enlarged. Hemogram: Hb- 100 g/l, erythrocytes - 2,9 • 1012/l, leukocytes -4,4 • 109 /l, thrombocytes - 48 • 109/l, segmentonuclear neutrophils - 17%, lymphocytes - 15%, blast cells - 68%. All cytochemical reactions are negative. Make a hematological conclusion:

Acute lymphoblastic leukosis

Acute myeloblastic leukosis

Acute erythromyelosis

Undifferentiated leukosis

Chronic myeloleukosis

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A patient ill with bronchial asthma didn’t inform his doctor that he had attacks of stenocardia. Doctor administered him a medication, which taking resulted in less frequent attacks of bronchial asthma, but stenocardia attacks became more frequent. What medication was administered?

Salbutamol

Isadrin

Cromolyn sodium

Aminophylline

Phenotherol

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A patient who has been suffering from cardiac insufficiency for several months has been taking digoxin on an outpatient basis. At a certain stage of treatment there appeared symptoms of drug overdose. What phenomenon underlies the development of this complication?

Functional cumulation

Sensibilization

Material cumulation

Habituation

Tachyphylaxis

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A patient who has been treated with diazepam on account of neurosis complains of toothache. Doctor administered him an analgetic, but its dose was lower than average therapeutic dose. What phenomenon did the doctor take into account while prescribing the patient an underdose?

Cumulation

Tolerance

Summation

Drug dependence

Potentiation

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A child’s blood presents high content of galactose, glucose concentration is low. There are such presentations as cataract, mental deficiency, adipose degeneration of liver. What disease is it?

Lactosemia

Steroid diabetes

Diabetes mellitus

Galactosemia

Fructosemia

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According to clinical indications a patient was administered pyridoxal phosphate. What processes is this medication intended to correct?

Oxidative decarboxylation of ketonic acids

Desamination of purine nucleotide

Protein synthesis

Transamination and decarboxylation of aminoacids

Synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases

‹ Назад

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In course of an operation surgeon removed a part of a lung that was ventilated by a tertiary bronchus accompanied by branches of pulmonary artery and other vessels. What part of a lung was removed?

Pulmonary lobule

Inferior lobe

Superior lobe

Bronchopulmonary segment

Middle lobe

‹ Назад

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A patient with clinical presentations of immunodeficiency went through immunological examinations. They revealed significant loss of cells that form rosettes with erythrocytes of a ram. What conclusion can be made according to the analysis data?

Decrease of complement system rate

Decrease of B-lymphocytes rate

Insufficiency of effector cells of humoral immunity

Decrease of natural killer cell rate

Decrease of T-lymphocytes rate

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A woman with III (B), Rh blood group born a child with II (A) blood group. The child is diagnosed with hemolytic disease of newborn as a result of rhesus incompatibility. What blood group is the child’s father likely to have?

III (B), Rh+

I (0), Rh+

II (A), Rh+

II (A), Rh-

I (0), Rh-

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Далі ›

A 45 y.o. woman suffers from Cushing’s syndrome - steroid diabetes. Biochemical examination revealed: hyperglycemia, hypochloremia. Which of the under-mentioned processes is the first to be activated?

Glucose reabsorption

Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Glucose transport to the cell

Glycogenolysis

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Histological specimen presents a vessel the wall of which consists of endothelium, basal membrane and loose connective tissue. What type of vessel is it?

Artery

Vein of muscular type

Lymphocapillary

Hemocapillary

Vein of non-muscular type

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Autopsy of a 48 y.o. man revealed a round formation 5 cm in diameter with clear-cut outlines in the region of the 1st segment of his right lung. This formation was encircled with a thin layer of connective tissue full of white brittle masses. Make a diagnosis of the secondary tuberculosis form:

Tuberculoma

Fibrous cavernous tuberculosis

Acute focal tuberculosis

Acute cavernous tuberculosis

Caseous pneumonia

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A patient who suffers from acute myocarditis has clinical signs of cardiogenic shock. What of the under-mentioned pathogenetic mechanisms plays the main part in shock development?

Reduction of diastolic flow to the heart

Depositing of blood in organs

Increase of peripheral vascular resistance

Decrease of vascular tone

Disturbance of pumping ability of heart

‹ Назад

Далі ›

On the 6th day of treatment a patient with acute renal insufficiency developed polyuria. Diuresis intensification at the beginning of polyuria stage of acute renal insufficiency is caused by:

Growth of natriuretic factor

Volume expansion of circulating blood

Renewal of filtration in nephrons

Reduction of vasopressin content in plasma

Reduction of aldosteron content in plasma

‹ Назад

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Long-term starvation cure of a patient resulted in diminished ratio of albumi-nes and globulines in plasma. What of the following will be result of these changes?

Decrease of hematocrit

Decrease of ESR

Increase of ESR

Increase of hematocrit

Hypercoagulation

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An experimental animal was first sensibilized whereupon an antigen dose was introduced subcutaneously. This injection resulted in the development of a fibrinous inflammation with alteration of vessel walls, basal substance and fibrous structures of connective tissue in form of mucoid and fibrinoid swelling and necrosis. What immunological reaction took place?

Reaction of transplantation immunity

Immediate hypersensitivity

Granulomatosis

Normergic reaction

Delayed-type hypersensitivity

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A patient suffers from vision impairment - hemeralopy (night blindness). What vitamin preparation should be administered the patient in order to restore his vision?

Vicasol

Retinol acetate

Thiamine chloride

Pyridoxine

Tocopherol acetate

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A 1 y.o. child with symptoms of muscle affection was admitted to the hospital. Examination revealed carnitine deficit in muscles. Biochemical base of this pathology is disturbed process of:

Substrate phosphorylation

Transporting of fatty acids to mi-tochondrions

Regulation of Ca2+ rate in mitochondri-ons

Actin and myosin synthesis

Lactic acid utilization

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A patient suffers from severe postoperative pseudomonadous infection. What of the following antibiotics should be administered in this case?

Erythromycin

Doxycycline

Amicacin sulfate

Cephazolin

Benzylpenicillin

‹ Назад

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A 9 m.o. child has delayed dentition, it is also out of order. Upper jaw configuration is horizontal ('high' palate); mi- croscopically - irregular mineralization of tooth enamel, wrinkled enamel prisms, some of them are vacuolized. Predentin zone is extended; there are solitary denticles. What disease is it?

Late rickets

Osteomalacia

Gout

Hypervitaminosis D

Early rickets

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Examination of a patient revealed an abscess of pterygopalatine fossa. Where can the infection spread to unless the disease is managed in time?

To the subgaleal temporal space

To the orbit

To the tympanic cavity

To the interpterygoid space

To the frontal sinus

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Microscopical renal examination of a 36 y.o. woman who died from renal insufficiency revealed in the glomerules proliferation of capsule nephrothelium as well as of podocytes and phagocytes accompanied by formation of 'crescents', capillary loop necrosis, fibrinous thrombs in their lumens; sclerosis and hyalinosis of glomerules, atrophy of tubules and fibrosis of renal stroma. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Subacute glomerulonephritis

Focal segmentary sclerosis

Membranous nephropathy

Chronic glomerulonephritis

Acute glomerulonephritis

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A forensic medical expert examines the body of a 58 y.o. man who had been consuming large amounts of alcochol for a long time and died at home. Microscopicaly: the right lung is dense and enlarged, its incision revealed that the tissue is greyish and homogenous, pleura is covered with greyish layers. Microscopically - alveolar cavities contain fibrin, hemolyzed erythrocytes. Make a diagnosis:

Interstitial pneumonia

Primary pulmonary tuberculosis

Focal pneumonia

Croupous pneumonia

Caseous pneumonia

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Далі ›

Two days after consumption of smoked pork a patient got face and eyelid edemata, gastrointestinal disturbances, abrupt temperature rise, muscle pain. Blood analysis showed full-blown eosi-nophilia. What helminth could the patient be infected with?

Ascarid

Trichina

Hookworm

Whipworm

Pinworm

‹ Назад

Далі ›

After a tooth extraction a patient felt persistent pain behind his breast bone. After sublingual intake of an antianginal drug the pain behind the breast bone disappeared, but the patient complained of headache and dizziness. What drug are these properties typical for?

Propranolol

Nitroglycerin

Validol

Verapamil

Metoprolol

‹ Назад

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A patient with fracture of his lower jaw was admitted to the maxillofacial department. It was decided to fix his bones surgically under anaesthetic. After intravenous introduction of muscle relaxant there arose short fibrillar contractions of the patient’s facial muscles. What muscle relaxant was applied?

Pipecuronium bromide

Melictine

Tubocurarin chloride

Diazepam

Dithylinum

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Autopsy of a 56 y.o. man revealed in the right temporal part of brain a big focus of softened grey matter that was semiliquid and light grey. Arteries of cerebral tela contain multiple whitish-yellow thickenings of intima that abruptly narrow the lumen. What is your diagnosis?

Brain abscess

Ischemic stroke

Hemorrhage

Brain edema

Hemorrhagic infarction

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Vitamin A deficit results in the impairment of twilight vision. Name the cells that have the above-mentioned photoreceptor function:

Rod receptor cell

Ganglion neurocytes

Cone receptor cells

Horizontal neurocytes

Bipolar neurons

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Neurological examination of a 65 y.o. patient revealed a haemorrhage within the superior temporal gyrus. In the blood supply area of which artery is it?

Basilar artery

Anterior communicating artery

Posterior cerebral artery

Middle cerebral artery

Anterior cerebral artery

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A 70 y.o. man has cut an abscess off in the area of mammiform process during shaving. Two days later he was admitted to the hospital with inflammation of arachnoid membranes. How did the infection penetrate into the cavity of skull?

V.v.auriculares

V.facialis

V.v.labyrinthi

V.v.tympanicae

V.emissariae mastoideae

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A 22 y.o. woman has enlarged lymph nodes. Histologically: a lymph node contains lymphocytes, histiocytes, reticular cells, small and big Hodgkin’s cells, multinucleated Sternberg cells, isolated foci of caseous necrosis. What disease are these changes typical for?

Acute leukosis

Lymphosarcoma

Chronic leukosis

Lymphogranulomatosis

Lung cancer metastasis

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A lymph node punctate of a patient with suspected protozoal disease was examined. Examination of the stained specimen (Romanovsky’s stain) revealed some crescent bodies with pointed end, blue cytoplasm and red nucleus. What protozoan were revealed in the smears?

Toxoplasms

Trypanosomes

Viscerotropic leishmania

Malarial plasmodiums

Dermotropic leishmania

‹ Назад

Далі ›

During pubescence the cells of male sexual glands begin to produce male sex hormon testosterone that calls forth secondary sexual characters. What cells of male sexual glands produce this hormone?

Supporting cells

Leidig cells

Sertoli’s cells

Spermatozoa

Sustentocytes

‹ Назад

Далі ›

An isolated cell of human heart automatically generates excitation impulses with frequency 60 times pro minute. What heart structure was this cell obtained from?

Atrium

Ventricle

Sinoatrial node

His’ bundle

Atrioventricular node

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Examination of a patient revealed a strong, balanced, inert type of higher nervous activity according to Pavlov. What temperament type does the patient have (according to Hippocrates classification)?

-

Melancholic

Phlegmatic

Choleric

Sanguine

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A patient has a haemorrhage into the posterior central gyrus. What type of sensitivity on the opposite side will be disturbed?

Auditory and visual

Visual

Skin and proprioceptive

Auditory

Olfactory

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Analysis of a punction biopsy material of liver revealed hepatocyte dystrophy with necroses as well as sclerosis with disorder of beam and lobulous structure, with formation of pseudolobules and regenerative nodes. What is the most probable diagnosis:

Chronic hepatosis

Acute hepatitis

Chronic hepatitis

Liver cirrhosis

Progressive massive liver necrosis

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Examination of a 60 y.o. patient revealed hyperglycemia and glucosuria. A doctor administered him a medication for internal use. What medication is it?

Pancreatine

Oxytocin

Corglycon

Furosemide

Glibenclamid

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A patient who had been working hard under conditions of elevated temperature of the environment, has now a changed quantity of blood plasma proteins. What penomenon is the case?

Paraproteinemia

Absolute hypoproteinemia

Relative hyperproteinemia

Disproteinemia

Absolute hyperproteinemia

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An experimental rat with extremity paralysis has no tendon and cutaneous reflexes, muscle tone is decreased, but muscles of the affected extremity maintain their ability to react with excitation to the direct action of continious current. What type of paralysis is it?

Extrapyramidal

Spastic central

Spastic peripheral

Flaccid central

Flaccid peripheral

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A liquidator of a breakdown at a nuclear power plant who was irradiated complained about vomiting that occurs all of a sudden. What medication should be prescribed?

Atropine

Aeron

De-Nol

Metoclopramide

Reserpine

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Urine examination of a patient with acute cystitis revealed leukocytes and a lot of gramnegative bacilli. Inoculation resulted in growth of colonies of mucous nature that formed green soluble pigment. What microorganism is the most probable cause of the disease?

Proteus mirabilis

Escherihia coli

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Salmonella enteritidis

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A 45 y.o. patient consulted a doctor about plaque-shaped formation on his neck. Histological examination of biopsy skin material revealed tumourous cells of round and oval form with thin ring of basophilic cytoplasma that resemble of cells of basal epidermal layer. What tumour is it?

Basalioma

Syringoadenoma

Trichoepithelioma

Epidermal cancer

Hydradenoma

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A patient has pain, edema and reddening of his skin in the anterosuperi-or area of his thigh and his foot’s thumb. What lymph nodes of his lower extremity responded to the inflammatory process?

Superficial inguinal

Internal longitudinal

Superficial longitudinal

Deep inguinal

General longitudinal

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A laboratory received a material from a patient’s wound. Ppreliminary diagnosis is gaseous gangrene. What microbiological method should be applied to determine species of causative agent?

RIA

Bacterioscopic

Bacteriological

Serological

Allergic

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Examination of cell culture got from a patient with lysosomal pathology revealed accumulation of great quantity of lipids in the lysosomes. What of the following diseases is this disturbance typical for?

Wilson disease

Galactosemia

Gout

Tay-Sachs disease

Phenylketonuria

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A patient got a craniocerebral trauma that resulted in right-side convergent strabismus. Damage of which craniocerebral nerve caused such consequences?

n.abducens

n.trigeminus

n.trochlearis

n.aculomotorius

n.facialis

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In case of a penetrating wound of the anterior abdominal wall the wound tract went above the lesser curvature of stomach. What peritoneum formation is most likely to be injured?

Ligamentum hepatoduoduodenale

Ligamentum triangulare sinistrum

Ligamentum hepatogastricum

Ligamentum gastrocolicum

Ligamentum hepatorenale

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A rabbit’s nerve that innervates the right ear was cut and its right superior cervical ganglion was removed. Immediately after operation the temperature of ear skin was measured. It was revealed that the temperature of the rabbit’s ear skin on the side of denervation was by 1,5°C higher than on the opposite intact side. What of the following is the most probable explanation of the above-mentioned effects?

Physiological arterial hyperemia

Reactive arterial hyperemia

Arterial neuroparalytic hyperemia

Atrerial hyperemia induced by metabolic factors

Arterial neurotopical hyperemia

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A 63 y.o. man fell ill with acute tracheitis and bronchitis accompanied by bronchial pneumonia. On the 10th day the patient died from cardiopulmonary insufficiency. Autopsy revealed fibrinous hemorrhagic laryngotracheobronchi-tis; lungs were enlarged, their incision revealed the 'coal-miner’s' effect caused by interlacing of sections of bronchial pneumonia, hemorrhages into the pulmonary parenchyma, acute abscesses and atelectases. Internal organs have di-scirculatory and dystrophic changes. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Parainfluenza

Respiratory syncytial infection

Adenoviral infection

Influenza, severe form

Moderately severe influenza

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Autopsy of a man who died from influenza revealed that his heart was slightly enlarged, pastous, myocardium was dull and had specks. Microscopical examination of myocardium revealed signs of parenchymatous adipose and hydropic dystrophy; stroma was edematic with poor macrophagal and lymphocytic infiltration, vessels were plethoric; perivascular analysis revealed petechial hemorrhages. What type of myocarditis was developed in this case?

Granulomatous

Interstitial proliferative

Serous focal

Serous diffuse

Purulent

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A patient with chronic cardiac insufficiency has been treated with cardiotonic drugs and a thiazide diuretic, but in spite of it there are still edemata and risk of ascites. What medication should be prescribed to amplify diuretic effect of the applied drugs?

Amyloride

Manitole

Clopamide

Spironolactone

Furosemide

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A patient ill with collagenesis has been taking prednisolone for a long time. Hypokaliemia development caused spastic pain of skeletal muscles. What medication should be used in order to correct potassium exchange?

Noshpa

Diazepam

Thyrocalcitonin

Dithylinum

Panangin

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A boy is 7 y.o. Objectively: against the background of hyperemic skin there is knobby brightpink rash on his forehead, neck, at the bottom of abdomen, in the popliteal spaces; nasolabial triangle is pale. Examination of oropharyngeal surface revealed localized bright-red hyperemia; tonsils are swollen, soft, lacunas contain pus, tongue is crimson. Cervical lymph nodes are enlarged, dense and painful. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Whooping cough

Diphtheria

Scarlet fever

Infectious mononucleosis

Rubella

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A patient complains of dryness of head skin, itching, fragility and loss of hair. After examination he was diagnosed with seborrhea. Disturbed activity of which cells caused this condition?

Cells of sebaceous glands

Cells of sudoriferous glands

Melanocytes

Adipocytes

Epithelial cells

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In the surgical department of a hospital there was an outbreak of hospital infection that showed itself in often postoperative wound abscesses. Bacteriological examination of pus revealed aurococcus. What examination shall be conducted to find out the source of this causative agent among the department personnel?

Biochemical identification

Phagotyping

Serological identification

Microscopical examination

Estimation of antibiotic susceptibility

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Short-term physical activity resulted in reflex amplification of heart rate and raise of systemic arterial pressure. What receptors activation was the main cause of pressor reflex realization?

Vascular chemoreceptors

Hypothalamus thermoreceptors

Vascular volume receptors

Vascular baroceptors

Proprioreceptors of active muscles

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In course of an experiment a skeletal muscle is being stimulated by a series of electric impulses. What type of muscle contraction will arise, if every subsequent impulse comes in the period of relaxation of single muscle contraction?

Asynchronous tetanus

A series of single contractions

Holotetanus

Partial tetanus

Muscle contructure

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