Step 1 - Medicine 2007

A patient had to go through an operation. Doctors introduced him di-thylinum (listenone) and performed intubation. After the end of operation and cessation of anesthesia the independent respiration wasn’t restored. Which enzyme deficit prolongs the action of muscle relaxant?

Carbanhydrase

Succinate dehydrogenase

A-acetyltransferase

Pseudocholinesterase

K-Aa-adenosine triphosphatase

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A patient is ill with diabetes mellitus that is accompanied by hyperglycemia of over 7,2 millimole/l on an empty stomach. The level of what blood plasma protein allows to estimate the glycemia rate retrospectively (4-8 weeks before examination)?

C-reactive protein

Glycated hemoglobin

Ceruloplasmin

Fibrinogen

Albumin

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A 60 y.o. patient has a reduced perception of high-frequency sounds. What structures’ disorder of auditory analizer caused these changes?

Muscles of middle ear

Eustachian tube

Tympanic membrane

Main membrane of cochlea near heli-cotrema

Main membrane of cochlea near the oval window

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A patient ill with diabetes mellitus felt acute pain in his right foot. Objectively: foot thumb is black, foot tissues are edematous, there are foci of epidermis desquamation, stinking discharges. What clinicopathological form of necrosis is it?

Dry gangrene

Moist gangrene

Bedsore

Infarction

Sequestrum

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A patient with a stab wound of the anterior stomach wall is in surgical care. What formation of abdominal cavity did the stomach contents get into?

Omental bursa

Antegastrial bursa

Right mesenteric sinus

Hepatic bursa

Left mesenteric sinus

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A 4 y.o. child with signs of durative proteinic starvation was admitted to the hospital. The signs were as follows: growth inhibition, anemia, edemata, mental deficiency. Choose a cause of edemata development:

Reduced synthesis of lipoproteins

Reduced synthesis of albumins

Reduced synthesis of glycoproteins

Reduced synthesis of globulins

Reduced synthesis of hemoglobin

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Autopsy of a patient who suffered from croupous pneumonia and died from pneumococcal sepsis revealed 900 ml of turbid greenish-yellow liquid in the right pleural cavity. Pleural leaves are dull, plephoric. Name the clinicopathological form of inflammation in the pleural cavity:

Chronic abscess

Fibrinous inflammation

Acute abscess

Empyema

Phlegmon

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Examination of a patient revealed reduced contents of magnesium ions that are necessary for attachment of ribosomes to the granular endoplasmatic reticulum. It is known that it causes disturbance of protein biosynthesis. What stage of protein biosynthesis will be disturbed?

Transcription

Translation

Termination

Replication

Aminoacid activation

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Analysis of blood serum of a patient revealed increase of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase level. What cytological changes can cause such a situation?

Disturbance of genetic apparatus of cells

Disturbed function of energy supply of cells

Cellular breakdown

Disturbance of cellular interrelations

Disorder of enzyme systems of cells

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Power inputs of a boy increased from 500 to 2000 kj pro hour. What can be the

Physical exercise

Transition from sleep to wakefulness

Mental activity

Raise of outer temperatute

Food intake

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A patient presents high activity of LDH^, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase. In what organ (organs) is the development of a pathological process the most probable?

In connective tissue

In kidneys and adrenals

In the heart muscle (initial stage of myocardium infarction)

In liver and kidneys

In skeletal muscles (dystrophy, atrophy)

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According to the data of WHO, for about 250 mln of Earth population fall ill with malaria. This disease is mostly spread in tropical and subtropical regions. Range of its spread falls into the areal of the following mosquitoes:

Mansonia

Culex

Culiseta

Anopheles

Aedes

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Autopsy of a 58 y.o. man revealed that bicuspid valve was deformed, thickened and unclosed. Microscopically: foci of collagen fibrilla are eosinophilic, react positively to fibrin. The most probably it is:

Fibrinoid swelling

Fibrinous inflammation

Mucoid swelling

Amyloidosis

Hyalinosis

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Labeled aminoacids alanine and tryptophane were introducted to a mouse in order to study localization of protein biosynthesis in its cells. Around what organellas will the accumulation of labeled aminoacids be observed?

Golgi apparatus

Ribosomes

Lysosomes

Agranular endoplasmic reticulum

Cell centre

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In some regions of South Africa there is a spread sickle-shaped cell anemia, in which erythrocytes have shape of a sickle as a result of substitution of glutamin by valine in the hemoglobin molecule. What is the cause of this disease?

Transduction

Crossingover

Genomic mutations

Gene mutation

Disturbance of mechanisms of genetic information realization

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A patient died under conditions of cardiovascular insufficiency. Autopsy results: postinfarction cardiosclerosis, myocardium hypertrophy and dilatation of its cavities, especially of its right ventricle. Liver is enlarged, its surface is smooth, incision revealed that it was plethoric, with dark-red specks against the background of brownish tissue. Histologically: plethora of central parts of lobules; peritheral parts around portal tracts contain hepatocytes in a state of adipose degeneration. How are these liver changes called?

Liver steatosis

Liver cirrhosis

Amyloidosis

Pseudonutmeg liver

Nutmeg liver

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Autopsy of a man who died from chronic cardiovascular collapse revealed 'tiger heart'. Sidewards of endocardium a yellowish-white banding can be seen; myocardium is dull, darkyellow. What process caused this pathology?

Hyaline degeneration

Amyloidosis

Fatty parenchymatous degeneration

Fatty vascular-stromal degeneration

Carbohydrate degeneration

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In course of an experiment a skeletal muscle is being stimulated by a series of electric impulses. What type of muscle contraction will arise, if every subsequent impulse comes in the period of shortening of the previous single muscle contraction?

Holotetanus

A series of single contractions

Muscle contracture

Asynchronous tetanus

Partial tetanus

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Ammonia is a very toxic substance, especially for nervous system. What substance takes the most active part in ammonia detoxication in brain tissues?

Glutamic acid

Lysine

Alanine

Histidine

Proline

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A man was admitted to the hospital on the 5th day of disease that manifested itself by jaundice, muscle aching, chill, nose bleedings. In course of laboratory diagnostics a bacteriologist performed dark-field microscopy of the patient’s blood drop. Name a causative agent of this disease:

Bartonella bacilloformis

Rickettsia mooseri

Leptospira interrogans

Calymmatobacterium granulomatis

Borrelia dutlonii

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A patient has a transverse disruption of spinal cord below the IV thoracic segment. What changes of respiration will it cause?

Respiration will become more frequent

Respiration will become less frequent

Respiration will stop

Respiration will stay unchanged

Respiration will become deeper

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12 hours after an accute attack of retrosternal pain a patient presented a jump of aspartate aminotransferase activity in blood serum. What pathology is this deviation typical for?

Diabetes insipidus

Myocardium infarction

Diabetes mellitus

Viral hepatitis

Collagenosis

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A lightly dressed man is standing in a room, air temperature is +140C, windows and doors are closed. In what way does he emit heat the most actively?

Heat conduction

Perspiration

Evaporation

Convection

Heat radiation

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A 30 y.o. woman had been ill for a year when she felt pain in the area of joints for the first time, they got swollen and skin above them became reddened. Provisional diagnosis is rheumatoid arthritis. One of the most probable causes of this disease is a structure alteration of a connective tissue protein:

Mucin

Troponin

Collagen

Ovoalbumin

Myosin

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A patient with infectious mononucleosis has been taking glucocorticoids for two weeks. He was brought into remission, but he fell ill with acute attack of chronic tonsillitis. What action of glucocorticoids caused this complication?

Anti-inflammatory

Immunosuppressive

Antishock

Antiallergic

Antitoxic

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A peripheral segment of vagus nerve on a dog’s neck was being stimulated in course of an experiment. The following changes of cardiac activity could be meanwhile observed:

Heart rate and heart force amplification

Heart hurry

Enhancement of atrioventricular conduction

Increased excitability of myocardium

Heart rate fall

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As a result of exhausting muscular work a worker has largely reduced buffer capacity of blood. What acidic substance that came to blood caused this phenomenon?

3- phosphoglycerate

-

Lactate

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

Pyruvate

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A patient was delivered to the hospital by an emergency team. Objectively: grave condition, unconscious, adynamy. Cutaneous surfaces are dry, eyes are sunken, face is cyanotic. There is tachycardia and smell of acetone from the mouth. Analysis results: blood glucose -20,1 micromole/l (standard is 3,3-5,5 mi-cromole/l), urine glucose - 3,5% (standard is - 0). What is the most probable diagnosis?

Acute heart failure

Acute alcoholic intoxication

Anaphylactic shock

Hyperglycemic coma

Hypoglycemic coma

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A 62 y.o. woman complains of frequent pains in the area of her chest and backbone, rib fractures. A doctor assumed myelomatosis (plasmocytoma). What of the following laboratory characteristics will be of the greatest diagnostical importance?

Paraproteinemia

Hyperalbuminemia

Proteinuria

Hypoproteinemia

Hypoglobulinemia

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Nappies of a newborn have dark spots' that witness of formation of homogenti-sic acid. Metabolic imbalance of which substance is it connected with?

Thyrosine

Galactose

Cholesterine

Methionine

Tryptophane

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Having helped to eliminate consequences of a failure at a nuclear power plant, a worker got an irradiation doze of 500 roentgen. He complains of headache, nausea, dizziness. What changes in leukocytes quantity can be expected 10 hours after irradiation?

Neutrophilic leukocytosis

Lymphocytosis

Agranulocytosis

Leukemia

Leukopenia

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A12 y.o. boy who suffers from bronchial asthma has an acute attack of asthma: evident expiratory dyspnea, skin pallor. What type of alveolar ventilation disturbance is it?

Restrictive

Central

Throracodiaphragmatic

Neuromuscular

Obstructive

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A woman who has been keeping to a clean-rice diet for a long time was diagnosed with polyneuritis (beriberi). What vitamin deficit results in development of this disease?

Thiamine

Pyridoxine

Folic acid

Riboflavin

Ascorbic acid

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Removal of gall bladder of a patient has disturbed processes of Ca absorption through the intestinal wall. What vitamin will stimulate this process?

C

K

B12

D3

PP

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A hepatitis outbreak was registered in a settlement. This episode is connected with water factor. What hepatitis virus could have caused the infective outbreak in this settlement?

D

G

E

B

C

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Examination of a 43 y.o. patient revealed that his stomach has difficulties with digestion of protein food. Gastric juice analysis revealed low acidity. Function of which gastric cells is disturbed in this case?

Mucous cells (mucocytes)

Main exocrinocytes

Parietal exocrinocytes

Endocrinous cells

Cervical mucocytes

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A 16 y.o. boy from a countryside entered an educational establishment. Scheduled Manteux test revealed that the boy had negative reaction. What are the most reasonable actions in this case?

To perform serodiagnostics of tuberculosis

To perform rapid Price diagnostics

To repeat the reaction in a month

To perform BCG vaccination

To isolate the boy temporarily from his mates

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A patient complains of frequent diarrheas, especially after consumption of fattening food, and of body weight loss. Laboratory examination revealed steatorrhea; hypocholic feces. What can be the cause of this condition?

Unbalanced diet

Lack of pancreatic phospholipase

Obturation of biliary tracts

Lack of pancreatic lipase

Mucous membrane inflammation of small intestine

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A patient consulted a doctor about bowels disfunction. The doctor established symptoms of duodenitis and enteritis. Laboratory examination helped to make the following diagnosis: lambliosis. What medication should be administered?

Tetracycline

Monomycin

Metronidazole

Erythromycin

Chingamin

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A group of mountain climbers went through the blood analysis at the height of 3000 m. It revealed decrease of HCO3 to 15 micromole/l (standard is 2226 micromole/l). What is the mechanism of HCO3 decrease?

Hyperventilation

Intensification of acidogenesis

Hypoventilation

Decrease of ammoniogenesis

Decrease of bicarbonate reabsorption in kidneys

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Introduction of a pharmaceutical substance to an experimental animal resulted in reduction of salivation, pupil mydriasis. Next intravenous introduction of acetylcholine didn’t lead to any significant changes of heart rate. Name this substance:

Salbutamol

Proserin

Atropine

Adrenaline

Propranolol

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Continious taking of a drug can result in osteoporosis, erosion of stomach mucous membrane, hypokali-emia, retention of sodium and water, reduced content of corticotropin in blood. Name this drug:

Digoxin

Indometacin

Reserpine

Prednisolone

Hydrochlorothiazide

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A child is languid, apathetic. Liver is enlarged and liver biopsy revealed a significant excess of glycogene. Glucose concentration in the blood stream is below normal. What is the cause of low glucose concentration?

Low (absent) activity of glucose 6-phosphatase

Deficit of a gene that is responsible for synthesis of glucose 1-phosphaturidine transferase

Low (absent) activity of hexokinase

High activity of glycogen synthetase

Low (absent) activity of glycogene phosphorylase in liver

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A 63 y.o. man with collapse symptoms was delivered to the emergency hospital. A doctor chose noradrenaline in order to prevent hypotension. What is the action mechanism of this medication?

Activation of a-adrenoreceptors

Activation of 3-adrenoreceptors

Activation of serotonin receptors

Activation of dopamine receptors

Block of M-cholinoreceptors

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From pharynx of a child with suspected diphtheria a pure culture of microorganisms was isolated. Their morphological, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties appeared to be typical for diphtheria causative agents. What study should be conducted in order to drow a conclusion that this is a pathogenic diphtheria bacillus?

Estimation of urease activity

Estimation of proteolytic properties

Estimation of toxigenic properties

Estimation of cystinous activity

Estimation of ability to decompose starch

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Examination of a child revealed some whitish spots' looking like coagulated milk on the mucous membrane of his cheeks and tongue. Analysis of smears revealed gram-positive oval yeast-like cells. What causative agents are they?

Staphylococci

Fusobacteria

Diphtheria bacillus

Candida

Actinomycetes

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A 35 y.o. patient who often consumes alcohol was treated with diuretics. There appeared serious muscle and heart weakness, vomiting, diarrhea, AP- 100/60 mm Hg, depression. This condition is caused by intensified excretion with uri-

Chlorine

Calcium

Phosphates

Potassium

Sodium

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After intake of rich food a patient feels nausea and sluggishness; with time there appeared signs of steatorrhea. Blood cholesterine concentration is 9,2 micromole/l. This condition was caused by lack of:

Bile acids

Triglycerides

Fatty acids

Chylomicrons

Phospholipids

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Examination of a man who hadn’t been consuming fats but had been getting enough carbohydrates and proteins for a long time revealed dermatitis, poor wound healing, vision impairment. What is the probable cause of metabolic disorder?

Low caloric value of diet

Lack of linoleic acid, vitamins A, D, E, K

Lack of vitamins PP, H

Lack of oleic acid

Lack of palmitic acid

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An experimental animal has been given excessive amount of carbon-labeled glucose for a week. What compound can the label be found in?

Palmitic acid

Arachidonic acid

Methionine

Choline

Vitamin A

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RNA that contains AIDS virus penetrated into a leukocyte and by means of reverse transcriptase forced a cell to synthetize a viral DNA. This process is based upon:

Operon depression

Reverse translation

Reverse transcription

Convariant replication

Operon repression

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Examination of a patient with frequent hemorrhages from internals and mucous membranes revealed proline and lysine being a part of collagene fibers. What vi- tamin absence caused disturbance of their hydroxylation?

Vitamin E

Thiamine

Vitamin A

Vitamin C

Vitamin K

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A patient who suffers from pneumonia has high body temperature. What biologically active substance plays the leading part in origin of this phenomenon?

Histamine

Leukotrienes

Bradykinin

Interleukin-I

Serotonin

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A 27 y.o. patient put eye drops that contain penicillin. After a few minutes she felt itching and burning of her body, there appeared lip and eye-lid edemata; arterial pressure began to drop. What immunoglobulins took part in the development of this allergic reaction?

IgM and IgG

IgG and IgD

IgA and IgM

IgM and IgD

IgE and IgG

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A patient suffers from hepatic cirrhosis. Examination of which of the following substances excreted by urine can characterize the state of antitoxic function of liver?

Kreatinine

Uric acid

Aminoacids

Hippuric acid

Ammonium salts

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A 2 y.o. child has convulsions as a result of lowered concentration of calcium ions in blood plasma. It is caused by reduced function of:

Pineal gland

Adrenal cortex

Parathyroid glands

Hypophysis

Thymus

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Inflammation of a patient’s eye was accompanied by accumulation of turbid liquid with high protein at the bottom of anterior chamber that was called hypopyon. What process underlies the changes under observation?

-

Secondary alteration

Primary alteration

Proliferation

Disturbance of microcirculation

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Heart rate of a man permanently equals 40 beats pro minute. What is the pacemaker?

Purkinje’s fibers

Atriventricular node

His’ bundle

Sinoatrial node

His’ bundle branches

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A 48 y.o. patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints about weakness, irritability, sleep disturbance. Objectively: skin and scleras are yellow. In blood: conjugated bilirubin, cholalemia. Feces are acholic. Urine is of dark colour (bilirubin). What jaundice is it?

Gilbert’s syndrome

Hemolytic

Parenchymatous

Mechanic

Crigler-Najjar syndrome

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Bacteriological examination of a patient with food poisoning required inoculation of a pure culture of bacteria with the following properties: gramnegative movable bacillus that grows in the Endo’s medium in form of colourless colonies. A representative of which species caused this disease?

Citrobacter

Shigella

Iersinia

Salmonella

Esherichia

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A patient was diagnosed with active focal pulmonary tuberculosis. What drug should be prescribed in the first place?

Cyclocerine

Ethionamide

Ethoxide

Isoniazid

Sulfalen

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Examination of a young man in the AIDS centre produced a positive result of immune-enzyme assay with HIV antigens. Patient’s complaints about state of his health were absent. What can the positive result of immune-enzyme assay be evidence of?

Being infected with HBV

Being ill with AIDS

HBV persistence

Having had AIDS recently

HIV infection

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Parents of a 10 y.o. boy consulted a doctor about extension of hair-covering, growth of beard and moustache, low voice. Intensified secretion of which hormone must be assumed?

Of progesterone

Of cortisol

Of oestrogen

Of somatotropin

Of testosterone

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A patient who suffers from severe disorder of water-salt metabolism experienced cardiac arrest in diastole. What is the most probable mechanism of cardiac arrest in diastole?

Hyponatremia

Hypernatremia

Hypokaliemia

Hyperkaliemia

Organism dehydratation

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Examination of coronary arteries revealed atherosclerotic calcific plaques that close vessel lumen by 1/3. The muscle has multiple whitish layers of connective tissue. What process was revealed in myocardium?

Diffuse cardiosclerosis

Postinfarction cardiosclerosis

Tiger heart

Myocardium infarction

Myocarditis

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Reaction of passive hemagglutination conducted with erythrocytic typhoid Vi-diagnosticum helped to reveal some antibodies in the dilution of the patient’s serum at a ratio of 1:80 that exceeds the diagnostic titer. Such result witnesses of:

Being ill with acute typhoid fever

Being a potential carrier of typhoid bacilli

Incubation period of typhoid fever

Typhoid fever recurrence

Reconvalescence of a patient ill with typhoid fever

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A teenager was irradiated with high radiation dose that resulted in serious damages of lymphoid system, lysis of many lymphocytes. Restoration of normal hemogram is possible due to the functioning of the following gland:

Thymus

Pancreas

Liver

Thyroid

Adrenal

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A man with cut wound of his right foot sole was admitted to the hospital ward. The patient has limited elevation of the lateral foot edge. In course of wound management the injury of a muscle tendon was revealed. What muscle is injured?

Triceps muscle of crus

Long peroneal

Short peroneal

Anterior tibial

Long extensor muscle of toes

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A patient who suffers from heart failure has enlarged liver, edemata of lower extremities, ascites. What is the leading mechanism in the development of this edema?

Lymphogenous

-

Colloid osmotic

Hydrodynamic

Membranogenic

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A 32 y.o. man is tall, he has gynecomastia, adult woman pattern of hair distribution, high voice, mental deficiency, sterility. Provisional diagnosis is Klinefelter’s syndrome. In order to specify diagnosis it is necessary to analize:

Blood group

Leukogram

Genealogy

Spermatogenesis

Caryotype

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Examination of a miner revealed pulmonary fibrosis accompanied by disturbance of alveolar ventilation. What is the main mechanism of this disturbance?

Disturbance of neural respiration control

Constriction of superior respiratory tracts

Limitation of breast mobility

Bronchi spasm

Limitation of respiratory surface of lungs

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A man took a quiet expiration. Name an air volume that is meanwhile contained in his lungs:

Expiratory reserve volume

Vital lung capacity

Respiratory volume

Residual volume

Functional residual capacity

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Examination of an isolated cardi-omyocyte revealed that it didn’t generate excitation impulses automatically. This cardiomyocyte was obtained from:

Atrioventricular node

Ventricles

Purkinje’s fibers

His’ bundle

Sinoatrial node

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Examination of a man established that cardiac output equaled 3500 ml, systolic output - 50 ml. What is the man’s heart rate pro minute?

60

50

80

70

90

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A man who went for a ride on a roundabout had amplification of heart rate, sweating and nausea. What receptors stimulation is it primarily connected with?

Auditory

Proprioceptors

Vestibular

Tactors

Visual

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In order to estimate toxigenity of diphtheria agents obtained from patients the cultures were inoculated on Petri dish with nutrient agar on either side of a filter paper strip that was put into the centre and moistened with antidiphtheric antitoxic serum. After incubation of inoculations in agar the strip-like areas of medium turbidity were found between separate cultures and the strip of filter paper. What immunological reaction was conducted?

Coomb’s test

Precipitation gel reaction

Rings precipitation reaction

Agglutination reaction

Opsonization reaction

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A man’s intrapleural pressure is being measured. In what phase did the man hold his breath, if his pressure is 7,5 cm Hg?

Quiet inspiration

Quiet expiration

Forced inspiration

-

Forced expiration

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A 49 y.o. woman consulted a doctor about heightened fatigue and dyspnea during physical activity. ECG: heart rate is 50/min, PQ is extended, QRS is unchanged, P wave quanity exceeds quantity of QRS complexes. What type of arrhythmia does the patient have?

Sinoatrial block

Extrasystole

Atrioventricular block

Sinus bradycardia

Ciliary arhythmia

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A patient with neuritis of femoral nerve has disturbed flexion of thigh as well as disturbed crus extension in the knee joint. What muscle’s function is disturbed?

Triceps muscle of thigh

Biceps muscle of thigh

Semitendinous muscle

Quadriceps muscle of thigh

Semimembranous muscle

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Autopsy of a newborn boy revealed polydactylia, microcephalia, cheiloschisis and uranoschisis as well as hypertrophy of parenchimatous organs. These defects correspond with the description of Patau’s syndrome. What is the most probable cause of this pathology?

Nondisjunction of sex chromosomes

Partial monosomy

Trisomy of the 18th chromosome

Trisomy of the 21st chromosome

Trisomy of the 13th chromosome

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An ovary specimen stained by hematoxylin-eosin presents a follicle, where cells of follicular epithelium are placed in 1-2 layers and have cubic form, there is a bright-red membrane around the ovocyte. What follicle is it?

Secondary

Primary

Primordial

Atretic

Mature

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A woman has been applying a new cosmetic preparation for a week that resulted in eye-lid inflammation accompanied by hyperemia, infiltration and painfulness. What type of allergic reaction was developed?

V

III

II

I

IV

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Examination of a patient revealed extremely myotic pupils, sleepiness, infrequent ChainStoke’s respiration, urinary retention, slowing-down of heart rate, enhancement of spinal reflexes. What substance caused the poisoning?

Morphine

Barbital

Phosphacole

Caffeine

Atropine

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A patient is followed up in an endocrinological dispensary on account of hyperthyreosis. Weight loss, tachycardia, finger tremor are accompanied by hypoxia symptoms - headache, fatigue, eye flicker. What mechanism of thyroid hormones action underlies the development of hypoxia?

Specific binding of active centres of respiratory ferments

Intensification of respiratory ferment synthesis

Disjunction, oxydation and phosphori-lation

Competitive inhibition of respiratory ferments

Inhibition of respiratory ferment synthesis

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A doctor administered a patient with allergic dermatitis a Hi -histamine blocker as a part of complex treatment. Name this medication:

Cromolyn sodium

Prednisolone

Loratadine

Hydrocortisone

Adrenaline

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An injured man has bleeding from branches of carotid artery. For a temporary arrest of bleeding it is necessary to press the carotid artery to the tubercle of a cervical vertebra. Which vertebra is it?

IV

III

V

II

VI

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As a result of an accident a patient has intense painfullness and edema of the anterior crus surface; dorsal flexion of foot is hindered. Function of which crus muscle is most likely to be disturbed?

M.peroneus brevis

M.peroneus longus

M.flexor hallucis longus

M.tibialis anterior

M.flexor digitorum longus

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The first grade pupils were examined in order to sort out children for tuberculosis revaccination. What test was applied for this purpose?

Supracutaneous tularin test

Mantoux test

Schick test

Burnet test

Anthraxine test

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The permeability of the irritable cell membrane has been increased for potassium ions during an experiment. What changes of membrane electric status can occur?

Action potential

Depolarization

Local response

Hyperpolarization

No changes

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A patient with II stage hypertension has been taking one of hypotensive medications for the purpose of treatment. After a time arterial pressure decreased, but the patient started complaining of flaccidity, sleepiness, indifference. A bit later he felt stomach pain. He was diagnosed with ulcer. What hypotensive medication has the patient been taking?

Dibazole

Furosemide

Verapamil

Captopril

Reserpine

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6 months after delivery a woman had uterine bleeding. Gynecological examination revealed in the uterine cavity a dark-red tissue with multiple cavities that resembled of 'sponge'. Microscopic examination of the tumour revealed some atypic light epithelial Langhans cells and giant cells of cyncytiotrophoblast in blood lacunas. What tumour is it?

Squamous cell nonkeratinous carcinoma

Adenocarcinoma

Fibromyoma

Vesicular mole

Chorioepithelioma

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A 40 y.o. patient complains of intensive heartbeats, sweating, nausea, vision impairment, arm tremor, hypertension. From his anamnesis: 2 years ago he was diagnosed with pheochromocytoma. Hyperproduction of what hormones causes the given pathology?

ACTH

Aldosterone

Thyroid hormones

Glucocorticoids

Catecholamines

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A 56 y.o. patient has been suffering from thyreotoxicosis for a long time. What type of hypoxia can be developed?

Tissue

Circulatory

Hemic

Mixed

Respiratory

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A sportsman was recommended to take a medication that contains carnitine in order to improve his results. What process is activated by carnitine the most?

Synthesis of ketone bodies

Synyhesis of lipids

Tissue respiration

Fatty acids transport to mitochondrions

Synthesis of steroid hormones

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Далі ›

A patient has symptoms of inflammation of urogenital tracts. Examination of a vaginal smear revealed big monocellular, pear-shaped organisms with the pointed spike at the posterior end of body, big nucleus and undulating membrane. What protozoa were found in the smear?

Trichomonas buccalis

Trichomonas vaginalis

Trichomonas hominis

Trypanosoma gambiense

Lamblia intestinalis

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A patient has extrasystole. ECG shows no P wave, QRS complex is deformed, there is a full compensatory pause. What extrasystoles are these?

Atrial

Sinus

-

Ventricular

Atrioventricular

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A patient who suffers from cancer of back of tongue has an intense bleeding as a result of affection of dorsal lingual artery by the tumour. What vessel should be ligated to stop bleeding?

Dorsal lingual artery

Facial artery

Ascending pharyngeal artery

Deep lingual artery

Lingual artery

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In course of an experiment a big number of stem cells of red bone marrow was in some way destructed. Regeneration of which cell populations in the loose connective tissue will be inhibited?

Of fibroblasts

Of macrophags

Of lipocytes

Of pigment cells

Of pericytes

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Histological examination of a 40 y.o. man’s thymus revealed decreased share of parenchymatous gland elements, increased share of adipose and loose connective tissue, its enrichment with thymus bodies. The organ’s mass was unchanged. What phenomenon is it?

Age involution

Accidental involution

Dystrophy

Atrophy

Hypotrophy

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Mucous membrane of the right palatine tonsil has a painless ulcer with smooth lacquer fundus and regular cartilagenous edges. Microscopically: inflammatory infiltration that consists of lymphocytes, plasmocytes, a small number of neutrophils and epithelioid cells; endovasculitis and perivasculitis. What disease is it?

Actinomycosis

Syphilis

Pharyngeal diphtheria

Tuberculosis

Ulcerous necrotic Vincent’s angina

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Bacteriological laboratory examines canned meat whether it contains botulinum toxin. For this purpose an extract of test specimen and antitoxic antibotulinic serum of A, B, E types were introducted to a group of mice under examination; a control group of mice got the extract without antibotulinic serum. What serological reaction was applied?

Precipitation

Complement binding

Double immune diffusion

Opsono-phagocytic

Neutralization

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To prevent postoperative bleeding a 6 y.o. child was administered vicasol that is a synthetic analogue of vitamin K. Name post-translational changes of blood coagulation factors that will be activated by vicasol:

Phosphorylation of serine radicals

Glycosylation

Partial proteolysis

Polymerization

Carboxylation of glutamin acid

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As a result of spinal-cord trauma a 33 y.o. man has a disturbed pain and temperature sensitivity that is caused by damage of the following tract:

Medial spinocortical

Lateral spinocortical

Spinothalamic

Anterior spinocerebellar

Posterior spinocerebellar

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For the preparation of a patient’s burn skin surface a certain medication was used. Its antiseptic action is provided by free oxygen that segregates in presence of organic substances. Choose the right answer:

Boric acid

Chlorhexidine

Sodium bicarbonate

Potassium permanganate

Furacilin

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After a 2 y.o. child has had flu, there appeared complaints about ear ache. A doctor revealed hearing impairment and inflammation of the middle ear. How did the infection penetrate into the middle ear?

Through canalis caroticus

Through atrium mastoideum

Through the auditory tube

Through foramen jugularis

Through canalis nasolacrimalis

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A 50 y.o. patient with chronic cardiac insufficiency and tachyarrythmia was prescribed a cardiotonic drug. What drug was prescribed?

Dopamine

Digoxin

Amyodarone

Dobutamine

Mildronate

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Microscopical examination of a removed appendix revealed an edema, diffuse neutrophilic infiltration of appendix wall along with necrosis and defect of mucous membrane with affection of its muscle plate. What appendicitis form was developed?

Gangrenous

Ulcerophlegmonous

Apostematous

Phlegmonous

Superficial

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A 39 y.o. woman went through an operation in course of which surgeons removed her uterine tube that was enlarged and a part of an ovary with a big cyst. Histological examination of a tube wall revealed decidual cells, chorion villi. What was the most probable diagnosis made after examination of the uterine tube?

Choriocarcinoma

Papyraceous fetus

Lithopedion

Tubal pregnancy

Placental polyp

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A 4 y.o. boy has had recently serious viral hepatitis. Now there are such clinical presentations as vomiting, loss of consciousness, convulsions. Blood analysis revealed hyperammoniemia. Disturbunce of which biochemical process caused such pathological condition of the patient?

Disturbed neutralization of ammonia in liver

Inhibition of transamination enzyms

Disturbed neutralization of biogenic amines

Activation of aminoacid decarboxylation

Increased putrefaction of proteins in bowels

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Examination of a patient revealed hyperkaliemia and hyponatremia. Low secretion of which hormone may cause such changes?

Parathormone

Cortisol

Natriuretic

Vasopressin

Aldosteron

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In course of indirect histogenesis of tubular bone tissue a plate is formed between epiphyseal and diaphyseal ossification centres that provides further lengthwise growth of bones. What structure is it?

Osseous plate

Osseous cuff

Metaphyseal plate

Layer of interior general plates

Osteon

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A 40 y.o. woman was admitted to the infectious diseases department with high body temperature. Objectively: evident meningeal symptoms. A spinal cord punction was made. What anatomic formation was punctured?

Spatium epidurale

Cavum trigeminale

Spatium subarachnoideum

Spatium subdurale

Cisterna cerebellomedullaris posterior

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After resection of the middle third of femoral artery obliterated by a thromb the lower extremity is supplied with blood due to the surgical bypass. Name an artery that plays the main role in reestablishment of blood flow:

Deep external pudendal artery

Superficial epigastric artery

Deep femoral artery

Descending genicular artery

Superficial circumflex artery of hip bone

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A patient’s knee joint doesn’t extend, there is no knee-jerk reflex, skin sensitivity of the anterior femoral surface is disturbed. What nerve structures are damaged?

Inferior gluteal nerve

Obturator nerve

Big fibular nerve

Femoral nerve

Superior gluteal nerve

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An electron micrograph of a kidney fragment presents an afferent arteriole. Under its endothelium some big cells can be seen that contain secretory granules. What type of cells is it?

Juxtavascular

Mesangeal

Smooth muscle cells

Juxtaglomerular

Interstitial

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For the purpose of retrtospective diagnostics of recent bacterial dysentery it was decided to perform serological examination of blood serum in order to determine antibody titer towards Shiga bacilli. What of the following reactions should be applied?

Precipitation

Hemolysis

Passive hemagglutination

Bacteriolysis

Bordet-Gengou test

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Examination of a 43 y.o. anephric patient revealed anemia symptoms. What is the cause of these symptoms?

Reduced synthesis of erythropoietins

Folic acid deficit

Enhanced destruction of erythrocytes

Vitamin B12 deficit

Iron deficit

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A 50 y.o. patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints about pain behind his breastbone, asphyxia during physical activity. Angiography revealed pathological changes in the posterior interventricular branch of the right coronary artery. What heart parts are affected?

Right atrium

Left atrium

Right atrioventricular valve

Anterior wall of the right and left ventricles

Posterior wall of the right and left ventricles

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48 hours after performing tuberculin test (Mantoux test) to a child a 10 mm papule appeared on the spot of tuberculin introduction. What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies these changes?

Anaphylaxis

Immune complex cytotoxicity

Granulomatosis

Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity

Cellular cytotoxicity

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Examination of a newborn boy’s genitals revealed a cleft of urethra that opens on the inferior surface of his penis. What developmental anomaly is it?

Hermaphroditism

Epispadia

Hypospadia

Cryptorchism

Monorchism

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A patient has a disturbed absorbtion of fat hydrolysates. It might have been caused by a deficit in the small intestine cavity:

Of liposoluble vitamins

Of bile acids

Of sodium ions

Of lipolytic enzymes

Of bile pigments

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Inhabitants of territories with cold climate have high content of an adaptive thermoregulatory hormone. What hormone is meant?

Thyroxin

Cortisol

Somatotropin

Glucagon

Insulin

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Violation of safety rules resulted in calomel intoxication. Two days later the daily diuresis was 620 ml. A patient experienced headache, vomiting, convulsions, dyspnea, moist rales in lungs. What pathology is it?

Chronic renal insufficiency

Pyelonephritis

Acute renal insufficiency

Uraemic coma

Glomerulonephritis

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A newborn child with pylorostenosis has often repeating vomiting accompanied by apathy, weakness, hypertonicity, sometimes convulsions. What disorder form of acid-base balance is it?

Excretory acidosis

Gaseous alkalosis

Gaseous acidosis

Nongaseous alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis

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Glutamate decarboxylation results in formation of inhibitory transmitter in CNS. Name it:

Serotonin

Glutathione

Histamine

Asparagine

GABA

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In course of histidine catabolism a biogenic amin is formed that has powerful vasodilatating effect. Name it:

Dopamine

Serotonin

Dioxyphenylalanine

Noradrenalin

Histamine

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Utilization of arachidonic acid via cyclooxigenase pathway results in formation of some bioactive substances. Name them:

Thyroxine

Somatomedins

Insulin-like growth factors

Prostaglandins

Biogenic amins

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As a result of damage to certain structures of brainstem an animal lost orientation reflexes. What structures were damaged?

Red nuclei

Medial nuclei of reticular formation

Black substance

Quadritubercular bodies

Vestibular nuclei

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Osmotic pressure of a man’s blood plasma is 350 mosmole/l (standard pressure is 300 mosmole/l). First of all it will result in high secretion of the following hormone:

Vasopressin

Natriuretic

Cortisol

Adrenocorticotropin

Aldosteron

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A young man consulted a doctor about disturbed urination. Examination of his external genitals revealed that urethra is split on top and urine runs out of this opening. What anomaly of external genitals development is the case?

Phimosis

Hermaphroditism

Epispadia

Paraphimosis

Hypospadia

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A patient complains of pain in the area of his liver. Duodenal intubation revealed yellowish, oval, narrowed at the poles eggs with an operculum at the end. Size of these eggs is the smallest among all helminth eggs. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Opisthorchosis

Beef tapeworm infection

Diphyllobothriasis

Echinococcosis

Teniasis

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Colonoscopy of a patient ill with dysentery revealed that mucous membrane of his large intestine is hyperemic, edematic, its surface was covered with grey-and-green coats. Name the morphological form of dysenteric collitis:

Fibrinous

Purulent

Necrotic

Ulcerous

Catarrhal

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24 hours after appendectomy blood of a patient presents neutrophilic leukocytosis with regenerative shift. What is the most probable mechanism of leukocytosis development?

Amplification of leukopoiesis and decelerated emigration of leukocytes to the tissues

Redistribution of leukocytes in the organism

Deceleratied emigration of leukocytes to the tissues

Amplification of leukopoiesis

Decelerated leukocyte destruction

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Arterial pressure of a surgeon who performed a long operation rised up to 140/110 mm Hg. What changes of humoral regulation could have caused the rise of arterial pressure in this case?

Activation of formation and excretion of aldosterone

Activation of sympathoadrenal system

Activation of renin angiotensive system

Inhibition of sympathoadrenal system

Activation of kallikrein kinin system

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A hypertensive glucose solution was introduced to a patient. It will intensify water movement:

From the cells to the intercellular liquid

There will be no changes of water movement

From the capillaries to the intercellular liquid

From the intercellular liquid to the capillaries

From the intercellular liquid to the cells

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A 36 y.o. man has a craniocerebral trauma. Objectively: diminished breath sounds, thready pulse, no reflexes. What way of pyracetam introduction will be the most apropriate in this case?

Rectal

Peroral

Subcutaneous

Intravenous

Inhalation

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A child complains of general weakness, loss of appetite, a troubled sleep, itching in the perianal area. The provisional diagnosis is enterobiasis. In order to specify this diagnosis it is necessary to perform:

Scraping from perianal folds

Immune diagnostics

Biopsy of muscle tissue

Roentgenoscopy

Duodenal contents analysis

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A patient was ill with burn disease that was complicated by DIC syndrome. What stage of DIC syndrome can be suspected if it is known that the patient’s blood coagulates in less than 3 minutes?

Fibrinolysis

Hypocoagulation

Hypercoagulation

Transition phase

Terminal

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In course of practical training students studied a stained blood smear of a mouse with bacteria phagocyted by leukocytes. What cell organella completes digestion of these bacteria?

Granular endoplasmic reticulum

Ribosomes

Golgi apparatus

Mytochondrions

Lisosomes

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A 55 y.o. woman consulted a doctor about having continuous cyclic uterine hemorrhages for a year, weakness, dizziness. Examination revealed skin pallor. Hemogram: Hb- 70 g/l, erythrocytes -3, 2 • 1012/l, color index - 0,6, leukocytes - 6,0 • 109/l, reticulocytes -1%; erythrocyte hypochromia. What anemia is it?

Hemolytic anemia

Aplastic anemia

B12-folate-deficiency anemia

Chronic posthemorrhagic anemia

Iron-deficiency anemia

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According to audiometry data a patient has a disturbed perception of medium-frequency sounds. It might have been caused by a damage of:

Spiral ganglion

Lateral geniculate bodies

Middle part of helix

Quadritubercular structure

Cochlear nuclei

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A patient diagnosed with carcinoid of bowels was admitted to the hospital. Analysis revealed high production of serotonin. It is known that this substance is formed of tryptophane aminooacid. What biochemical mechanism underlies this process?

Microsomal oxydation

Formation of paired compounds

Decarboxylation

Transamination

Desamination

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A 23 y.o. patient complains of weakness, temperature rise up to 38 — 40°G. Objectively: liver and spleen are enlarged. Hemogram: Hb- 100 g/l, erythrocytes - 2,9 • 1012/l, leukocytes -4,4 • 109 /l, thrombocytes - 48 • 109/l, segmentonuclear neutrophils - 17%, lymphocytes - 15%, blast cells - 68%. All cytochemical reactions are negative. Make a hematological conclusion:

Chronic myeloleukosis

Undifferentiated leukosis

Acute myeloblastic leukosis

Acute erythromyelosis

Acute lymphoblastic leukosis

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A patient ill with bronchial asthma didn’t inform his doctor that he had attacks of stenocardia. Doctor administered him a medication, which taking resulted in less frequent attacks of bronchial asthma, but stenocardia attacks became more frequent. What medication was administered?

Aminophylline

Salbutamol

Isadrin

Cromolyn sodium

Phenotherol

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A patient who has been suffering from cardiac insufficiency for several months has been taking digoxin on an outpatient basis. At a certain stage of treatment there appeared symptoms of drug overdose. What phenomenon underlies the development of this complication?

Sensibilization

Material cumulation

Functional cumulation

Tachyphylaxis

Habituation

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A patient who has been treated with diazepam on account of neurosis complains of toothache. Doctor administered him an analgetic, but its dose was lower than average therapeutic dose. What phenomenon did the doctor take into account while prescribing the patient an underdose?

Cumulation

Summation

Drug dependence

Potentiation

Tolerance

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A child’s blood presents high content of galactose, glucose concentration is low. There are such presentations as cataract, mental deficiency, adipose degeneration of liver. What disease is it?

Fructosemia

Diabetes mellitus

Steroid diabetes

Galactosemia

Lactosemia

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According to clinical indications a patient was administered pyridoxal phosphate. What processes is this medication intended to correct?

Desamination of purine nucleotide

Protein synthesis

Synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases

Transamination and decarboxylation of aminoacids

Oxidative decarboxylation of ketonic acids

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In course of an operation surgeon removed a part of a lung that was ventilated by a tertiary bronchus accompanied by branches of pulmonary artery and other vessels. What part of a lung was removed?

Pulmonary lobule

Bronchopulmonary segment

Inferior lobe

Superior lobe

Middle lobe

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A patient with clinical presentations of immunodeficiency went through immunological examinations. They revealed significant loss of cells that form rosettes with erythrocytes of a ram. What conclusion can be made according to the analysis data?

Decrease of B-lymphocytes rate

Decrease of natural killer cell rate

Decrease of T-lymphocytes rate

Insufficiency of effector cells of humoral immunity

Decrease of complement system rate

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A woman with III (B), Rh blood group born a child with II (A) blood group. The child is diagnosed with hemolytic disease of newborn as a result of rhesus incompatibility. What blood group is the child’s father likely to have?

II (A), Rh-

I (0), Rh-

I (0), Rh+

II (A), Rh+

III (B), Rh+

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A 45 y.o. woman suffers from Cushing’s syndrome - steroid diabetes. Biochemical examination revealed: hyperglycemia, hypochloremia. Which of the under-mentioned processes is the first to be activated?

Glucose reabsorption

Gluconeogenesis

Glucose transport to the cell

Glycogenolysis

Glycolysis

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Histological specimen presents a vessel the wall of which consists of endothelium, basal membrane and loose connective tissue. What type of vessel is it?

Vein of muscular type

Lymphocapillary

Vein of non-muscular type

Artery

Hemocapillary

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Autopsy of a 48 y.o. man revealed a round formation 5 cm in diameter with clear-cut outlines in the region of the 1st segment of his right lung. This formation was encircled with a thin layer of connective tissue full of white brittle masses. Make a diagnosis of the secondary tuberculosis form:

Fibrous cavernous tuberculosis

Acute cavernous tuberculosis

Acute focal tuberculosis

Tuberculoma

Caseous pneumonia

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Далі ›

A patient who suffers from acute myocarditis has clinical signs of cardiogenic shock. What of the under-mentioned pathogenetic mechanisms plays the main part in shock development?

Disturbance of pumping ability of heart

Reduction of diastolic flow to the heart

Decrease of vascular tone

Depositing of blood in organs

Increase of peripheral vascular resistance

‹ Назад

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On the 6th day of treatment a patient with acute renal insufficiency developed polyuria. Diuresis intensification at the beginning of polyuria stage of acute renal insufficiency is caused by:

Reduction of vasopressin content in plasma

Reduction of aldosteron content in plasma

Renewal of filtration in nephrons

Growth of natriuretic factor

Volume expansion of circulating blood

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Long-term starvation cure of a patient resulted in diminished ratio of albumi-nes and globulines in plasma. What of the following will be result of these changes?

Decrease of ESR

Hypercoagulation

Decrease of hematocrit

Increase of hematocrit

Increase of ESR

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An experimental animal was first sensibilized whereupon an antigen dose was introduced subcutaneously. This injection resulted in the development of a fibrinous inflammation with alteration of vessel walls, basal substance and fibrous structures of connective tissue in form of mucoid and fibrinoid swelling and necrosis. What immunological reaction took place?

Normergic reaction

Immediate hypersensitivity

Delayed-type hypersensitivity

Reaction of transplantation immunity

Granulomatosis

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A patient suffers from vision impairment - hemeralopy (night blindness). What vitamin preparation should be administered the patient in order to restore his vision?

Tocopherol acetate

Pyridoxine

Retinol acetate

Vicasol

Thiamine chloride

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A 1 y.o. child with symptoms of muscle affection was admitted to the hospital. Examination revealed carnitine deficit in muscles. Biochemical base of this pathology is disturbed process of:

Transporting of fatty acids to mi-tochondrions

Regulation of Ca2+ rate in mitochondri-ons

Actin and myosin synthesis

Substrate phosphorylation

Lactic acid utilization

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Далі ›

A patient suffers from severe postoperative pseudomonadous infection. What of the following antibiotics should be administered in this case?

Erythromycin

Amicacin sulfate

Benzylpenicillin

Doxycycline

Cephazolin

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A 9 m.o. child has delayed dentition, it is also out of order. Upper jaw configuration is horizontal ('high' palate); mi- croscopically - irregular mineralization of tooth enamel, wrinkled enamel prisms, some of them are vacuolized. Predentin zone is extended; there are solitary denticles. What disease is it?

Osteomalacia

Hypervitaminosis D

Gout

Early rickets

Late rickets

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Далі ›

Examination of a patient revealed an abscess of pterygopalatine fossa. Where can the infection spread to unless the disease is managed in time?

To the interpterygoid space

To the frontal sinus

To the orbit

To the tympanic cavity

To the subgaleal temporal space

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Далі ›

Microscopical renal examination of a 36 y.o. woman who died from renal insufficiency revealed in the glomerules proliferation of capsule nephrothelium as well as of podocytes and phagocytes accompanied by formation of 'crescents', capillary loop necrosis, fibrinous thrombs in their lumens; sclerosis and hyalinosis of glomerules, atrophy of tubules and fibrosis of renal stroma. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Chronic glomerulonephritis

Subacute glomerulonephritis

Focal segmentary sclerosis

Acute glomerulonephritis

Membranous nephropathy

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A forensic medical expert examines the body of a 58 y.o. man who had been consuming large amounts of alcochol for a long time and died at home. Microscopicaly: the right lung is dense and enlarged, its incision revealed that the tissue is greyish and homogenous, pleura is covered with greyish layers. Microscopically - alveolar cavities contain fibrin, hemolyzed erythrocytes. Make a diagnosis:

Focal pneumonia

Interstitial pneumonia

Croupous pneumonia

Primary pulmonary tuberculosis

Caseous pneumonia

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Далі ›

Two days after consumption of smoked pork a patient got face and eyelid edemata, gastrointestinal disturbances, abrupt temperature rise, muscle pain. Blood analysis showed full-blown eosi-nophilia. What helminth could the patient be infected with?

Hookworm

Whipworm

Ascarid

Trichina

Pinworm

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After a tooth extraction a patient felt persistent pain behind his breast bone. After sublingual intake of an antianginal drug the pain behind the breast bone disappeared, but the patient complained of headache and dizziness. What drug are these properties typical for?

Validol

Nitroglycerin

Propranolol

Verapamil

Metoprolol

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A patient with fracture of his lower jaw was admitted to the maxillofacial department. It was decided to fix his bones surgically under anaesthetic. After intravenous introduction of muscle relaxant there arose short fibrillar contractions of the patient’s facial muscles. What muscle relaxant was applied?

Diazepam

Dithylinum

Pipecuronium bromide

Melictine

Tubocurarin chloride

‹ Назад

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Autopsy of a 56 y.o. man revealed in the right temporal part of brain a big focus of softened grey matter that was semiliquid and light grey. Arteries of cerebral tela contain multiple whitish-yellow thickenings of intima that abruptly narrow the lumen. What is your diagnosis?

Hemorrhage

Hemorrhagic infarction

Brain abscess

Brain edema

Ischemic stroke

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Vitamin A deficit results in the impairment of twilight vision. Name the cells that have the above-mentioned photoreceptor function:

Horizontal neurocytes

Cone receptor cells

Rod receptor cell

Bipolar neurons

Ganglion neurocytes

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Neurological examination of a 65 y.o. patient revealed a haemorrhage within the superior temporal gyrus. In the blood supply area of which artery is it?

Basilar artery

Anterior cerebral artery

Middle cerebral artery

Posterior cerebral artery

Anterior communicating artery

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Далі ›

A 70 y.o. man has cut an abscess off in the area of mammiform process during shaving. Two days later he was admitted to the hospital with inflammation of arachnoid membranes. How did the infection penetrate into the cavity of skull?

V.v.auriculares

V.emissariae mastoideae

V.v.tympanicae

V.facialis

V.v.labyrinthi

‹ Назад

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A 22 y.o. woman has enlarged lymph nodes. Histologically: a lymph node contains lymphocytes, histiocytes, reticular cells, small and big Hodgkin’s cells, multinucleated Sternberg cells, isolated foci of caseous necrosis. What disease are these changes typical for?

Lymphogranulomatosis

Lung cancer metastasis

Lymphosarcoma

Chronic leukosis

Acute leukosis

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Далі ›

A lymph node punctate of a patient with suspected protozoal disease was examined. Examination of the stained specimen (Romanovsky’s stain) revealed some crescent bodies with pointed end, blue cytoplasm and red nucleus. What protozoan were revealed in the smears?

Toxoplasms

Viscerotropic leishmania

Malarial plasmodiums

Dermotropic leishmania

Trypanosomes

‹ Назад

Далі ›

During pubescence the cells of male sexual glands begin to produce male sex hormon testosterone that calls forth secondary sexual characters. What cells of male sexual glands produce this hormone?

Sustentocytes

Sertoli’s cells

Supporting cells

Leidig cells

Spermatozoa

‹ Назад

Далі ›

An isolated cell of human heart automatically generates excitation impulses with frequency 60 times pro minute. What heart structure was this cell obtained from?

Atrioventricular node

Sinoatrial node

Atrium

His’ bundle

Ventricle

‹ Назад

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Examination of a patient revealed a strong, balanced, inert type of higher nervous activity according to Pavlov. What temperament type does the patient have (according to Hippocrates classification)?

Sanguine

Melancholic

Choleric

Phlegmatic

-

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A patient has a haemorrhage into the posterior central gyrus. What type of sensitivity on the opposite side will be disturbed?

Visual

Auditory and visual

Skin and proprioceptive

Auditory

Olfactory

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Analysis of a punction biopsy material of liver revealed hepatocyte dystrophy with necroses as well as sclerosis with disorder of beam and lobulous structure, with formation of pseudolobules and regenerative nodes. What is the most probable diagnosis:

Chronic hepatitis

Progressive massive liver necrosis

Acute hepatitis

Liver cirrhosis

Chronic hepatosis

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Examination of a 60 y.o. patient revealed hyperglycemia and glucosuria. A doctor administered him a medication for internal use. What medication is it?

Corglycon

Glibenclamid

Oxytocin

Pancreatine

Furosemide

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A patient who had been working hard under conditions of elevated temperature of the environment, has now a changed quantity of blood plasma proteins. What penomenon is the case?

Relative hyperproteinemia

Absolute hyperproteinemia

Absolute hypoproteinemia

Disproteinemia

Paraproteinemia

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An experimental rat with extremity paralysis has no tendon and cutaneous reflexes, muscle tone is decreased, but muscles of the affected extremity maintain their ability to react with excitation to the direct action of continious current. What type of paralysis is it?

Flaccid peripheral

Spastic central

Spastic peripheral

Flaccid central

Extrapyramidal

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A liquidator of a breakdown at a nuclear power plant who was irradiated complained about vomiting that occurs all of a sudden. What medication should be prescribed?

Metoclopramide

Atropine

De-Nol

Aeron

Reserpine

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Urine examination of a patient with acute cystitis revealed leukocytes and a lot of gramnegative bacilli. Inoculation resulted in growth of colonies of mucous nature that formed green soluble pigment. What microorganism is the most probable cause of the disease?

Escherihia coli

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Proteus mirabilis

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Salmonella enteritidis

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A 45 y.o. patient consulted a doctor about plaque-shaped formation on his neck. Histological examination of biopsy skin material revealed tumourous cells of round and oval form with thin ring of basophilic cytoplasma that resemble of cells of basal epidermal layer. What tumour is it?

Hydradenoma

Trichoepithelioma

Syringoadenoma

Basalioma

Epidermal cancer

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A patient has pain, edema and reddening of his skin in the anterosuperi-or area of his thigh and his foot’s thumb. What lymph nodes of his lower extremity responded to the inflammatory process?

Deep inguinal

General longitudinal

Superficial inguinal

Superficial longitudinal

Internal longitudinal

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A laboratory received a material from a patient’s wound. Ppreliminary diagnosis is gaseous gangrene. What microbiological method should be applied to determine species of causative agent?

Allergic

RIA

Bacteriological

Bacterioscopic

Serological

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Examination of cell culture got from a patient with lysosomal pathology revealed accumulation of great quantity of lipids in the lysosomes. What of the following diseases is this disturbance typical for?

Gout

Tay-Sachs disease

Wilson disease

Phenylketonuria

Galactosemia

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A patient got a craniocerebral trauma that resulted in right-side convergent strabismus. Damage of which craniocerebral nerve caused such consequences?

n.aculomotorius

n.trochlearis

n.trigeminus

n.abducens

n.facialis

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In case of a penetrating wound of the anterior abdominal wall the wound tract went above the lesser curvature of stomach. What peritoneum formation is most likely to be injured?

Ligamentum hepatogastricum

Ligamentum triangulare sinistrum

Ligamentum gastrocolicum

Ligamentum hepatorenale

Ligamentum hepatoduoduodenale

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A rabbit’s nerve that innervates the right ear was cut and its right superior cervical ganglion was removed. Immediately after operation the temperature of ear skin was measured. It was revealed that the temperature of the rabbit’s ear skin on the side of denervation was by 1,5°C higher than on the opposite intact side. What of the following is the most probable explanation of the above-mentioned effects?

Physiological arterial hyperemia

Arterial neuroparalytic hyperemia

Arterial neurotopical hyperemia

Reactive arterial hyperemia

Atrerial hyperemia induced by metabolic factors

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A 63 y.o. man fell ill with acute tracheitis and bronchitis accompanied by bronchial pneumonia. On the 10th day the patient died from cardiopulmonary insufficiency. Autopsy revealed fibrinous hemorrhagic laryngotracheobronchi-tis; lungs were enlarged, their incision revealed the 'coal-miner’s' effect caused by interlacing of sections of bronchial pneumonia, hemorrhages into the pulmonary parenchyma, acute abscesses and atelectases. Internal organs have di-scirculatory and dystrophic changes. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Parainfluenza

Adenoviral infection

Moderately severe influenza

Influenza, severe form

Respiratory syncytial infection

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Autopsy of a man who died from influenza revealed that his heart was slightly enlarged, pastous, myocardium was dull and had specks. Microscopical examination of myocardium revealed signs of parenchymatous adipose and hydropic dystrophy; stroma was edematic with poor macrophagal and lymphocytic infiltration, vessels were plethoric; perivascular analysis revealed petechial hemorrhages. What type of myocarditis was developed in this case?

Serous diffuse

Purulent

Granulomatous

Interstitial proliferative

Serous focal

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A patient with chronic cardiac insufficiency has been treated with cardiotonic drugs and a thiazide diuretic, but in spite of it there are still edemata and risk of ascites. What medication should be prescribed to amplify diuretic effect of the applied drugs?

Clopamide

Amyloride

Spironolactone

Furosemide

Manitole

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A patient ill with collagenesis has been taking prednisolone for a long time. Hypokaliemia development caused spastic pain of skeletal muscles. What medication should be used in order to correct potassium exchange?

Dithylinum

Noshpa

Thyrocalcitonin

Panangin

Diazepam

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A boy is 7 y.o. Objectively: against the background of hyperemic skin there is knobby brightpink rash on his forehead, neck, at the bottom of abdomen, in the popliteal spaces; nasolabial triangle is pale. Examination of oropharyngeal surface revealed localized bright-red hyperemia; tonsils are swollen, soft, lacunas contain pus, tongue is crimson. Cervical lymph nodes are enlarged, dense and painful. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Diphtheria

Scarlet fever

Whooping cough

Rubella

Infectious mononucleosis

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A patient complains of dryness of head skin, itching, fragility and loss of hair. After examination he was diagnosed with seborrhea. Disturbed activity of which cells caused this condition?

Epithelial cells

Cells of sudoriferous glands

Cells of sebaceous glands

Melanocytes

Adipocytes

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In the surgical department of a hospital there was an outbreak of hospital infection that showed itself in often postoperative wound abscesses. Bacteriological examination of pus revealed aurococcus. What examination shall be conducted to find out the source of this causative agent among the department personnel?

Serological identification

Estimation of antibiotic susceptibility

Microscopical examination

Biochemical identification

Phagotyping

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Short-term physical activity resulted in reflex amplification of heart rate and raise of systemic arterial pressure. What receptors activation was the main cause of pressor reflex realization?

Vascular volume receptors

Vascular chemoreceptors

Hypothalamus thermoreceptors

Vascular baroceptors

Proprioreceptors of active muscles

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In course of an experiment a skeletal muscle is being stimulated by a series of electric impulses. What type of muscle contraction will arise, if every subsequent impulse comes in the period of relaxation of single muscle contraction?

Partial tetanus

Holotetanus

Muscle contructure

Asynchronous tetanus

A series of single contractions

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