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1 із 200
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1 із 200
Microscopic analysis of human heart cells revealed some oval oganellas, their tunic being formed by two membranes: the external one is smooth, and the internal one forms crista. Biochemical analysis determined the presence of ATP-synthetase enzyme. What organellas were analysed?
Mitochondrions
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Centrosomes
Ribosomes
2 із 200
A woman with ischemic heard disease has been taking an antianginal medication that has the following properties: dilates coronary arteries, peripheral vessels (arterial and venous), reduces the need of myocardium in oxygen, improves endocardial blood circulation. Name this preparation:
Nitroglycerin
Validol
Aminophylline
Papaverine
Dibasol
3 із 200
In the vermiform appendix there was found a white helminth, 40 mm long with thin filiform forward end. Ecscrements contained oval eggs with plugs at the poles. Determine the kind of helminth:
Whipworm
Hookworm
Seatworm
Ascarid
Threadworm
4 із 200
Medical examination of some youths revealed in their axillary regions grey insects 1,0-1,5 mm large, with short broad body covered with hair. What insects were revealed?
Pubic louse
Bed bug
Flea
Itch mite
Head louse
5 із 200
There are trisome, translocational and mosaic forms of Down’s Syndrome. What method of human genetics can be applied to differentiate the said forms of Down’s syndrome?
Cytogenetical
Genealogical
Population-statistical
Gemellary
Biochemical
6 із 200
Very big teeth is an Y-linked sign. Mother’s teeth are of normal size, and her son’s teeth are very big. Probability of father’s having very large teeth is:
100%
50 %
25 %
12,5%
75 %
7 із 200
An 8 month old child has non-closed palate, a number of eye defects, microcephaly, disorder of cardiovascular system. Cytogenetic analysis revealed 47 chromosomes with an additional 13th chromosome. What diagnosis can be made on the basis of clinical observations and cytogenetic examinations?
Patau’s syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Cat cry syndrome
Down’s syndrome
Edwards’ syndrome
8 із 200
A patient with suspected liver abscess was admitted to the surgical department. The patient had been staying for a long time on business in one of african countries and fell repeatedly ill with acute gastrointestinal disorders. What protozoal disease may the patient be now ill with?
Amebiasis
Malaria
Toxoplasmosis
Trypanosomosis
Leishmaniasis
9 із 200
Examination of a 7 year old child revealed the following symptoms: small height, broad roundish face, closely placed eyes with narrow palpebral fissures, half-open mouth. Valvular defect has been also diagnosed. These clinical presentations are most likely typical for Down’s syndrome. Name the cause of such pathology:
Trisomy of the 21 chromosome
Partial monosomy
Trisomy of the 13 chromosome
X-chromosome trisonomy
Nondisjunction of sexual chromosomes
10 із 200
A group of students has representati- ves of different races. One of the students has straight black hair and overhanging skin fold of superior eyelid - epi-canthus. What race does this student most probably represent?
Mongoloid
Australoid
Ethiopian
Negroid
Europeoid
11 із 200
Examination of a pregnant woman who has been taking alcohol revealed di-turbed anlage of ectoderma during the fetal life. What derivatives of this leaf have defects?
Neural tube
Liver
Sexual glands
Bowels epithelium
Kidneys
12 із 200
In a genetical laboratory in course of work with DNA molecules of white rats of Wistar’s line a nucleotide was substituted for another one. At that only one amino acid was substituded in the peptide. This result is caused by the following mutation:
Transversion
Deletion
Translocation
Displacement of reading frame
Duplication
13 із 200
Father bought some pork at the market. What disease may catch members of his family provided that this meat didn’t pass the veterinary control?
Pork tapeworm infection
Hymenolepiasis
Echinococcosis
Beef tapeworm infection
Liver fluke infection
14 із 200
During the postsynthetic period of mitotic cycle the synthesis of tubulin proteins was disturbed. These proteins take part in construction of division spindle. It can lead to the disturbance of:
Chromosomes’ disjunction
Despiralization of chromosomes
Mitosis duration
Cytokinesis
Spiralization of chromosomes
15 із 200
A newborn child has microcephalia. Doctors consider that this is the result of mother’s taking actinomycin D during the pregnancy. What embryonal leaf was influenced by this teratogen?
Ectoderma
Entoderma
Entoderma and mesoderma
All leaves
Mesoderma
16 із 200
It is known that the information about amino acids sequence in a protein molecule is coded in form of a sequence of four nucleotide types in a DNA molecule, different aminoacids being coded with different quantity of triplets - from one to six. How is such peculiarity of genetic code called?
Degeneracy
Nonoverlayability
Specificity
Versatility
Triplety
17 із 200
There is a 9 year old boy in endocrinological department, who has already had a few fractures of extremeties caused by fragility of bones. Malfunction of what endocrinous glands (gland) takes place?
Parathyroid glands
Epiphysis
Adrenal glands
Thymus
Thyroid gland
18 із 200
To approach the thyroid gland from the transverse (collar) approach the suprasternal fascial space must be opened. What anatomical formation located in this space is dangerous to damage?
Venous jugular arch
Lymph nodes
Internal jugular vein
Subclavian artery
Carotid artery
19 із 200
A 24 year old patient consulted a doctor about pain below the lower jaw to the right of it. Dental surgeon found a stone in the submandibular gland. While removing it he prevented bleeding from the following artery:
A.facialis
A.lingualis
A.labialis inferior
A.alveolaris inferior
A.submentalis
20 із 200
A 28 year old man with cut wound of frontal skin was admitted to the hospital. A vessel that supplies blood to the frontal part of head was ligated in order to stop bleeding. What vessel was ligated?
A.supraorbitalis
A.dorsalis nasi
A.infraorbitalis
A.angularis
A.temporalis superf icialis
21 із 200
A patient complains of headache, heavy breathing. X-ray examination confirmed the diagnosis frontitis. What nasal meatus may contain purulent discharge?
Middle
Inferior
Above the superior nasal concha
Common
Superior
22 із 200
A 28 year old patient was diagnosed with acute inflammation of mucous membrane of nasolacrimal duct. It is known from the anamnesis that he had been having nasal discharges for 10 days after recovering from influenza. From what part of nasal cavity could the infection penetrate into nasolacrimal duct?
Inferior nasal meatus
Middle nasal meatus
Superior nasal meatus
Frontal sinus
Vestibule of nose
23 із 200
An eye trauma caused soft tissues infection of eye-socket. Through what anatomical formation can the infection penetrate into the middle cranial fossa?
Through the superior orbital fissure
Through the zygomatic orbital foramen
Through the inferior orbital fissure
Through the posterior ethmoidal foramen
Through the anterior ethmoidal foramen
24 із 200
When a patient puts his tongue out the tip of it deflects to the left. Motor innervation of what cranial nerve is disturbed in this case?
N.hypoglossus dexter
N.vagus dexter
N.facialis sinister
N.trigeminus sinister
N.glossopharyngeus dexter
25 із 200
A mother consulted the doctor about her one year old child, who has got six teeth come out. How many teeth should the child of such age have?
8
12
6
10
7
26 із 200
Trauma of occipital region of head resulted in crack fracture in the region of transverse sinus. What part of occipital bone is damaged?
Squama
Condyle
Right lateral
Proximal
Left lateral
27 із 200
A surgeon is going to take lympha from patient’s thoracic duct in the point of its flowing into venous channel. Where exactly a cannula should be inserted?
Left venous angle
Point of formation of portal vein
Right venous angle
Point of formation of superior vena cava
Point of formation of inferior vena cava
28 із 200
A 69 year old patient has got an abscess of frontal lobe as a result of purulent infection in nasal cavity. What anatomical formation did the infection penetrate through?
Foraminae cribrosae
Foramen ovale
Foramen sphenopalatinum
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ethmoidalae posterior
29 із 200
A patient displays abnormal retrodeviation of his lower jaw as a result of trauma in the region of mandibular coronal process. What muscle is most likely to be damaged?
M.temporalis
M.pterygoideus lateralis
M.pterygoideus medialis
M.masseter
M.levator anguli oris
30 із 200
A patient has disorder of tear flow after a cold. What autonomic ganglion had been most damaged?
Pterygopalatine
Sublingual
Submandibular
Aural
Ciliated
31 із 200
A 58 year old woman had her uterus and all appendages completely removed. It resulted in stoppage of urine excretion. Cystoscopy results: bladder doesn’t contain any urine, urine doesn’t come also from ureteric orifices. What part of urinary excretion system was damaged during the operation?
Ureter
Ren
Vesica urinaria
Uretra
Pelvis renalis
32 із 200
Examination of a 32 year old patient revealed disproportional skeleton size, enlargement of superciliary arches, nose, lips, tongue, jaw bones, feet. What gland’s function was disturbed?
Hypophysis
Pancreas
Thyroid
Suprarenal
Epiphysis
33 із 200
A patient suffers from middle ear inflammation (otitis). He complains also of disordered test sensation in the anterior tongue part. What nerve is damaged?
N.facialis
N.trigeminus
N.glossopharyngeus
N.vestibulo — cochlearis
N.vagus
34 із 200
A surgeon should reach the omental bursa to perform an operation on abdominal cavity. How can he reach this part of peritoneal cavity without affecting the integrity of lesser omentum?
Through the epiploic foramen
Through the left paracolic sulcus
Through the left mesenteric sinus
Through the right mesenteric sinus
Through the right paracolic sulcus
35 із 200
A 5 year old child suffers from the neck deformity. Clinical examination revealed such symptoms: apparent flexion of head to the left, his face is turned right, passive movements of the head to the right are restricted. What muscle’s development was disturbed in this case?
Sternocleidomastoid
Sternosublingual
Trapezius
Splenius muscle of head
Long muscle of head
36 із 200
A patient has difficulties with jaw joining when he is chewing. There is partial atrophy of masticatory muscles situated below the zygomatic arch. What nerve branches do these muscles innervate?
N.mandibularis
N.alveolaris inferior
Nn.alveolares superiores
N.maxillaris
N.infraorbitalis
37 із 200
A boxer who got a punch in the region of temporomandibular joint has a traumatic dislocation of mandible. Displacement of what articular surfaces will overstep the limits of physiological norm?
Head of mandible and mandibular fossa
Coronoid process and submandibular fossa
Head of mandible and submandibular fossa
Coronoid process and pterygoid fossa
Neck of mandible and submandibular fossa
38 із 200
A patient’s middle ear inflammation was complicated by mastoiditis. There was a threat of purulent thrombosis of the nearest venous sinus. What sinus was under the threat?
Sigmoid
Inferior petrosal
Superior saggital
Transverse
Rectus
39 із 200
On examination of a road accident victim a doctor revealed left clavicle fracture and disturbed blood circulation in an extremity (no pulsing of radial artery). What cause of blood circulation disturbance is the most probable?
Compression of subclavian artery
Compression of axillary artery
Compression of subclavian vein
Compression of axillary vein
Compression of vertebral artery
40 із 200
A 60 year old patient has problems with formation and moving of food mass, it disturbs eating process. His tongue is stiff, speaking is impossible. What nerve is damaged?
XII
IX
XI
VII
V
41 із 200
A woman in grave condition was admitted to a hospital with the diagnosis of the hemorrhagic stroke in the region of frontal part of the right cerebral hemisphere. The damage of what artery most likely caused this condition?
A.cerebri anterior
A.cerebri media
A.communicans anterior
A .communicans posterior
A.cerebri posterior
42 із 200
A 17 year old student pressed out a pustule in the medial angle of eye. In 2 days she was taken to the institute of neurosurgery with thrombosis of cavernous sinus. Through what vein did the infection get into this sinus?
V.angularis
V.maxillaris
V.profunda faciei
V.transversa faciei
V.diploicae frontalis
43 із 200
A 35 year old patient came to the admission department with complaints of pain and edema in the region of floor of oral cavity. After examination he was diagnosed with inflammation in the region of excretory duct of submandibular gland. Where does this duct open into?
Caruncula sublingualis
Plica fimbriata
Foramen caecum linguae
Vestibulum oris
Recesus gingivalis
44 із 200
Examination of a patient who was exposed to the ionizing radiation revealed damage of wight pulp. What cells of white pulp undergo pathological changes?
Lymphocytes
Basophilic leukocytes
Monocytes
Neutrophilic leukocytes
Tissue basophils
45 із 200
A patient had a trauma that led to the injury of front spinal roots. Denote the damaged structures:
Axons of motoneurons and lateral horn neurons
Peripheral processes of spinal ganglion neurons
Central processes of spinal ganglion neurons
Axons of lateral horn neurons
Axons of motoneurons
46 із 200
A patient with an acute rhinitis has hyperemia and excessive mucus formation in nasal cavity. What epithelial cells of mucous membrane have the intensified activity?
Goblet cells
Endocrine cells
Basal cells
Microvillous cells
Ciliated cells
47 із 200
As a result of head trauma a 32 year old man has damaged ampullas of semicircular ducts. What stimuli perception will be disturbed?
Angular acceleration
Linear acceleration
Gravitation
Vibration
Vibration and gravitation
48 із 200
Morphological examination revealed in histological specimen of biopsy material an irregularshaped vessel. Its middle membrane is formed by bundles of smooth myocytes and layers of connective tissue. What type of vessel is it?
Vein of muscular type
Lymphatic vessel
Artery uf muscular type
Arteriole
Venule
49 із 200
An electronic micrograph presents a cell that has no nucleole and nuclear membrane. Chromosomes has free position, centrioles migrate to the poles. What phase of cell cycle is it typical for?
Prophase
Anaphase
Telophase
Metaphase
Interphase
50 із 200
The symptoms of regeneration process (callus) on the place of fracture were revealed in the histologic specimen of tubular bone. What tissue forms this structure?
Fibrous bone tissue
Reticular tissue
Lamellar bone tissue
Loose connective tissue
Epithelial tissue
51 із 200
A chemical burn of esophagus caused it’s local constriction as a result of scar formation. What cells of loose connective tissue take part in scar formation?
Mature specialized fibroblasts
Fibroclasts
Fibrocytes
Miofibroblasts
Immature nonspecialized fibroblasts
52 із 200
A woman has hyperemic ovary, increased permeability of hematofolli-cular barrier with the following development of edema, infiltration of follicle wall by segmentonuclear leukocytes. The follicle volume is large, its wall is thinned. What period of sexual cycle do these presentations correspond with?
Preovulatory stage
Period of relative rest
Ovulation
Menstrual period
Postmenstrual period
53 із 200
Premature infants have syndrom of respiratory failure. Failure of what aerohematic barriere component underlies this pathology?
Surfactant
Basal membrane of alveolocytes
Capillary endothelium
Alveolocytes
Basal membrane of endothelium
54 із 200
Histological examination in the area of neck of fundus gland reveals small cells that have high nuclear-cytoplasmatic ratio and basophilic cytoplasm. Name the function of these cells:
Regeneration of glandular epithelium
Endocrine
Protective
Pepsinogen secretion
Secretion of chlorine ions
55 із 200
Histological examination of trasverse enamel slice revealed linear banding in form of concentric circles that is pointing at an angle to the dentinoenamel junction. Name these structures:
Retsius’ lines
Enamel spindles
Hunter-Schreger’s lines
Enamel fascicles
Enamel plates
56 із 200
Retrospective diagnostics of old bacillary dysentery required serologic examination of blood serum in order to determine blood titer to the shigells. What reaction should be applied for this purpose?
Reaction of passive hemagglutination
Precipitation reaction
Bordet-Gengou test
Hemolysis reaction
Bacteriolysis reaction
57 із 200
Microspecimen of a child’s finger skin reveals subnormal development of epidermis. What embryonic leaf was damaged in course of development?
Ectoderm
Entoderm
Mesoderm
Ectomesenchyma
Mesenchyma
58 із 200
The influence of negative factors upon an organism results in the thymus change that is accompanied by mass loss of thymocytes, their drive out to the peripheral organs, proliferation of epitheli-oreticulocytes. How is this phenomemon called?
Accidental thymus involution
Thymus atrophy
Age thymus involition
Thymus hypotrophy
Thymus distrophy
59 із 200
Histological specimen of an oral cavity organ shows that anterior surface is lined with multilayer flat non-keratinizing epithelium and posterior surface - with multirow ciliated epithelium. What organ is it?
Soft palate
Lip
Hard palate
Cheek
Gum
60 із 200
In course of embryogenesis maxillary and mandibular processes grew together with a delay. What development anomalies should be expected in this case?
Macrostomia
Gothic palate
Microstomia
Cleft palate
Cleft of superior lip
61 із 200
Examination of a 42 year old patient who suffers from parodontosis revealed roundish calcified formations 2-3 mm in diameter in coronal pulp. Name these formatioms:
Denticles
Interglobular spaces
Sclerosed (transparent) dentin
Dead dentin
Intertubular dentin
62 із 200
Electron micrograph of a kidney fragment presents an afferent arteriole with big cells under endothelium. These cells contain secretory granules. Name this type of cells:
Juxtaglomerular
Juxtavascular
Mesangial
Smooth muscular
Interstitial
63 із 200
A child damaged the lateral surface of his tongue. What lingual papillas are most likely to be damged?
Foliate
Vallate
Filiform
Conic
Fungiform
64 із 200
By producing a number of hormones placenta plays a part of temporary endocrine gland. What hormone may be detected in woman’s blood on the third or the forth day after begin of implantation, that is used in medicine for early pregnancy detection?
Chorionic gonadotropin
Progesterone
Oxytocin
Vasopressin
Somatostatin
65 із 200
In a histological specimen of adrenal cortex there are petite polygonal cells that form roundish clusters and contain some lipidic inclusions. What part of adrenal is presented in this histological specimen?
Glomerular zone
Intermedial zone
Reticular zone
Fasciolar zone
-
66 із 200
Implantation process has two stages: adhesion and invasion. Morphological manifestation of blastocyte adhesion is:
Attachment of blastocyte to the endometrium
Destruction of endometrium epithelium
Destruction of endometrium vessels
Formation of lacunes
Destruction of connective tissue of endometrium
67 із 200
While a 24 year old woman was waiting for tooth extraction, tonus of sympathetic part of autonomic nervous system rose. What reaction will the patient display?
Increased frequency of heartbeat
Bronchus constriction
Miotic pupils
Hypersecretion of digestive juices
Hyperperistalsis
68 із 200
If a mountain-climber stays in the mountains for a long time, quantity of erythrocytes increases from 5,0 • l012/l to 6,0 • 1012/l. What causes stimulation of erythropoesis?
Decrease of p O2 in arterial blood
Increase of p O2 in venous blood
Decrease of p O2 in venous blood
Increase of p O2 in cells
Increase of p O2 in arterial blood
69 із 200
An experimentator wants a dog to develop conditioned salivary reflex. What conditioned stimulus will be appropriate to use?
Moderately loud sound
Meat
Very loud sound
Electric current
Zwieback
70 із 200
A man has trauma of greater pectoral muscle. What index’ decrease will it cause?
Inspiratory reserve volume
Functional residual lung capacity
Respiratory volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
71 із 200
A month after surgical constriction of rabbit’s renal artery the considerable increase of systematic arterial pressure was observed. What of the following regulation mechanisms caused the animal’s pressure change?
Angiotensin-II
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
Serotonin
Vasopressin
72 із 200
Rate of excitement conduction was studied on different sites of an isolated heart. Where was the lowest rate registered?
In atrioventricular node
In atria’s myocardium
In ventricle’s myocardium
In His’ bundle
In Purkinje’s fibers
73 із 200
While passing an exam a student gets dry mouth. It is caused by realization of such reflexes:
Conditioned sympathetic
Conditioned parasympathetic
Conditioned and unconditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned sympathetic and parasympathetic
Unconditioned parasympathetic
74 із 200
A patient has been taking glucocorticoids for a long time. Drug withdrowal caused acute attack of his disease, blood pressure reduction, weakness. What are these occurences connected with?
Adrenal glands insufficiency
Drug habituation
Cumulation
Hyperproduction of corticotroph hormone
Sensibilisation
75 із 200
A sportsman was examined after an intensive physical activity. The examination revealed disorder of movement coordination but the force of muscle contractions remained the same. It can be explained by retarded speed of excitement conduction through:
Central synapses
Efferent nerves
Neuromuscular synapses
Afferent nerves
Conduction tracts
76 із 200
Cerebral hemorrhage caused serious disturbance of taste sensibility. What brain structure is most likely to be damged?
Postcentral gyrus
Hippocampus
Substantia nigra
Amygdaloid body
Hypothalamus
77 із 200
A man lost consciousness in a car with running engine where he had been waiting for a friend for a long time. What hemoglobin compaund can be found in the blood of the patient?
Carboxyhemoglobin
Oxyhemoglobin
Carbhemoglobin
Deoxyhemoglobin
Methemoglobin
78 із 200
A patient has the sudden decrease of Ca2+ content in blood. What hormone secretion will increase?
Parathormone
Aldosterone
Somatotropin
Thyrocalcitonin
Vasopressin
79 із 200
It is required to set an experiment on an isolated excitable cell and to achieve increase of membrane rest potential (hyperpolarization). What ion channels should be activated to achieve such a result?
Potassium
Sodium and calcium
Calcium
Sodium
Potassium and sodium
80 із 200
A man has considerable disorder of protein, fat and carbohydrate digestion. Reduced secretion of what digestive juice is the most probable cause of this phenomenon?
Pancreatic juice
Intestinal juice
Saliva
Gastric juice
Bile
81 із 200
During phonocardiogram registration it was ascertained that the duration of the first heart sound twice exceeds the norm. It is most likely that patient has the following organ affected:
Atrioventricular valves
Cardiomyocytes of atriums
Cardiomyocytes of heart atriums
Semilunar valves
Cardiomyocytes of ventricles
82 із 200
In the course of an experiment a nerve is being stimulated by electric impulses. It leads to excretion of some quantity of thick viscous saliva by sublingual and submandibular glands. What nerve is being stimulated?
N.sympathicus
N.vagus
N.glossopharyngeus
N.trigeminus
N.facialis
83 із 200
A patient has hyperkaliemia and hyponatremia. Reduced secretion of what hormone may cause such changes?
Aldosterone
Parathormone
Natriuretic hormone
Vasopressin
Cortosol
84 із 200
A man’s energy consumption is measured on an empty stomach, in lying position, under conditions of physical psychical rest, at comfortable temperature. At what time will the energy consuption be the lowest?
At 3-4 o’clock a.m.
At 2-4 o’clock p.m.
At 10-12 o’clock a.m.
At 5-6 o’clock p.m.
At 7-8 o’clock a.m.
85 із 200
A patient complains of rapid fatigability. Objectively: he staggers and overbalances in the upright position with closed eyes. Skeleton muscular tonus is decreased. What brain structure is most likely to be damaged?
Cerebellum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Basal ganglions
Precentral gyrus of cerebrum cortex
86 із 200
A patient with chronic glomerulonephritis has disorder of incretoty function of kidneys. What blood elements deficit will result from it?
Erythrocytes
Thrombocytes
Erythrocytes and leukocytes
Leukocytes and thrombocytes
Leukocytes
87 із 200
In course of an experiment the peripheral segment of vagus nerve of an animal was stimulated. The following changes of heart activity were obseerved:
Reduced heart rate
Increased conduction of excitement through myocardium
Icreased force of heartbeat
Increased excitability of myocardium
Increase of frequency and force of heartbeat
88 із 200
A patient has hypocalcemia. What hormone deficiency may be it’s cause?
Parathormone
Aldosterone
Corticotropin
Thyrocalcitonin
Corticoliberin
89 із 200
ESR of a patient with pneumonia is 48 mm/h. What caused such changes?
Hypergammaglobulinemia
Erythrocytosis
Hypogammaglobulinemia
Hyperalbuminemia
Hypoproteinemia
90 із 200
Examination of a child who hasn’t got fresh fruit and vegetables during winter revealed numerous subcutaneous hemorrhages, gingivitis, carious cavities in teeth. What vitamin combination should be prescribed in this case?
Ascorbic acid and rutin
Riboflavin and nicotinamide
Folic acid and cobalamin
Thiamine and pyridoxine
Calciferol and ascorbic acid
91 із 200
A patient has increased permeability of blood-vessel walls, increased gingival hemorrhage, small punctate hematomas on his skin, falling of teeth. What disturbance of vitamun metabolism can account for these symptoms?
Hypovitaminosis C
Hypovitaminosis D
Hypervitaminosis D
Hypervitaminosis C
Hypovitaminosis A
92 із 200
A patient with diabetes mellitus had an insuline injection. It caused loss of consciousness and convulsions. What was the result of biochemic blood analysis on glucose content?
2,5 mmole/l
5,5 mmole/l
8,0 mmole/l
10 mmole/l
3,3 mmole/l
93 із 200
Examination of a 6 days old infant revealed phenyl pyruvate and phenyl acetate excess in his urine. What ami-noacid metabolism is disturbed in the child’s organism?
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Histidine
Arginine
Methionine
94 із 200
A patient who is ill with scurvy displays disturbed processes of connective tissue formation that leads to loosening and falling of teeth. Disturbed activity of what enzyme causes these symptomps?
Lisilhydroxylase
Elastase
Procollagenpeptidase of C-terminal peptide
Procollagenpeptidase of N-terminal peptide
Glycosiltransferase
95 із 200
A patient who suffers from chronic renal insufficiency fell ill with osteoporosis. Disturbed synthesis of what mineral metabolism’s regulator is the cause of osteoporosis?
Formation of 1, 25(OH)2D3
Cortisol hydroxylation
Lysine hydroxylation
Proline hydroxylation
Glutamate carboxylation
96 із 200
Cyanide poisoning causes immediate death. What is the mechanism of cyanide effect at the molecular level?
They inhibit cytochromoxidase
They inactivate oxygene
They block succinate dehydrogenase
They bind substrates of tricarboxylic acid cycle
They inhibit cytochrome B
97 із 200
A patient has the folowing changes: disorder of twilight vision, drying out of conjunctiva and cornea. Such disorders may be caused by deficiency of vitamin:
Vitamin A
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B
Vitamin D
Vitamin C
98 із 200
What vitamin deficiency leads to both disorder of reproductive function and di-strophy of skeletal muscles?
Vitamin E
Vitamin A
Vitamin B1
Vitamin K
Vitamin D
99 із 200
A child has disturbed enamel and dentine formation as a result of decreased content of calcium ions in his blood. What hormone deficiency may cause such changes?
Thyreocalcitonin
Thyroxin
Triiodothyronine
Somatotropin
Parathormone
100 із 200
A chiled was diagnosed with acute renal failure. What biochemic saliva indices can confirm this diagnosis?
Increased level of rest nitrogen
Decreased level of phosphate
Reduction of alkaline phosphatase
Increase of alpha amylase
Increase of immunoglobuline A
101 із 200
A child has disturbed processes of ossification and 'punctate' enamel. What microelement metabolism is disturbed?
Fluorine
Iron
Chromium
Copper
Zinc
102 із 200
What substance makes saliva viscous and mucous, has protective function, protects mucous membrane of oral cavity from mechanical damage?
Mucin
Lysozyme
Amylase
Glucose
Kallikrein
103 із 200
Parodontitis is accompanied by activation of proteolysis in parodentium tissues. Increase of what oral fluid’s component is the evidence of proteolysis activation?
Aminoacids
Organic acids
Biogenic amines
Glucose
Cholesterol
104 із 200
Examination of an ill child’s blood revealed inherited hyperlipoproteinemia. Genetic defect of what enzyme synthesis causes this phenomenon?
Lipoprotein lipase
Glycosidase
Proteinase
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Hemsynthetase
105 із 200
A 42 year old woman diagnosed with diabetes mellitus was admitted th the endocrinological department with complaints of thirst, excessive appetite. What pathological components are revealed in course of laboratory examination of the patient’s urine?
Glucose, ketone bodies
Blood
Protein, creatine
Protein, aminoacids
Bilirubin, urobilin
106 із 200
A patient has increased content of uric acid in his blood that is clinically presented by pain syndrome as a result of urate deposition in the joints. What process does this acid result from?
Lysis of purine nucleotides
Proteolysis
Heme catabolism
Lysis of pyrimidine nucleotides
Reutilization of purine bases
107 із 200
A non trained man has usually muscular hypoxy after a sprint. What metabolite accumulates in the muscles as a result of it?
Lactate
Oxaloacetate
Ketone bodies
-
Glucose 6-phosphate
108 із 200
Myocyte cytoplasm contains a big number of dissolved metabolites of glucose oxidation. Name one of them that turns directly into lactate:
Pyruvate
Glucose 6-phosphate
Oxaloacetate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Glycerophosphate
109 із 200
A patient is diagnosed with alkaptonuria. Name a defect enzyme that causes this pathology:
Oxydase of homogentisine acid
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Glutamate dehydrogenase
Dioxyphenylalanine decarboxylase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
110 із 200
Chronic overdosage of glucocorticoids leads to the development of hyperglycemia. What process of carbohydrate metabolism is responsible for this effect?
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Pentose-phosphate cycle
Aerobic glycolisis
Glycogenesis
111 із 200
In compliance with the clinical presentations a man was prescribed pyri-doxalphosphate. What processes are corrected by this preparation?
Transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids
Protein synthesis
Synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases
Desamination of purine nucleotides
Oxidative decarboxilation of keto acids
112 із 200
A 2 year old child suffers from intestinal dysbacteriosis that lead to the development hemorrhagic syndrome. The most probable cause of hemorrhage is:
Vitamin K deficiency
Hypocalcemia
Activation of tissue thromboplastin
Hypovitaminosis PP
Fibrinogen deficiency
113 із 200
Toxic pulmonary edema was reproduced on a laboratory rat by means of ammonium chloride solution. What is the leading pathogenetic factor of this edema?
Increased permeability of capillars
Disorder of neural and humoral regulation
Decrease of colloid osmotic pressure
Increase of venous outflow
Increase of lymph outflow
114 із 200
A 62 year old patient in grave comdition was admitted to the nerologi-cal department on account of cerebral hemorrhage. Objectively: hyperpnoe and rising of respiratory rate, then it falls to apnea, after that the cycle of respiratory movements restores. What respiratory type is it?
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Gasping respiration
Apneustic
Biot’s respiration
Kussmaul’s respiration
115 із 200
The body temperature of a patient with an infectious disease rises once in two days up to 39,5 — 40,50C and stays so for about an hour and then drops to the initial level. What type of fever is it?
Intermittent
Continued
Remittent
Hectic
Atypical
116 із 200
A woman after labor lost 20 kg of body weight, her hair and teeth fall out, she has muscle atrophy (hypophysial cachexia). Synthesis of what hypophysis hormone is disturbed?
Somatotropic
Prolactin
Gonadotropic
Corticotrophic
Thyreotropic
117 із 200
Poisoning with mercuric dichloride caused acute renal insufficiency that included 4 stages: 1) the initial one, 2) the stage of oligoanuria, 4) the stage of recovery. What is the third stage of acute renal insufficiency?
Polyuretic
Metabolic
Hemodynamic
Pathochemic
Ischemic
118 із 200
A patient with pneumosclerosis has pulmonary hypertension and cardiac insuffisiency of right ventricle with ascites and edemata. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of edemata development?
Rise of hydrostatic blood pressure in veins
Reduction of oncotic blood pressure
Rise of oncotic pressure of intracellular fluid
Increased permeability of vessel walls
-
119 із 200
A year after subtotal stomach resection on account of ulcer of lesser curvature the following blood changes were revealed: anemia, leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia, color index -1,3, megaloblasts and megalocytes. What factor deficiency caused the development of thos pathology?
Castle’s factor
Mucin
Hydrochloride acid
Gastrin
Pepsin
120 із 200
A 45 year old patient was taken to the hospital by an emergency team with serious cranial trauma in shock condition. Objectively: unconscious, skin is pale, body t0- 35,00C, low muscular tonus, reflexes are absent, pulse is rapid and weak, AP- 50/30 mm Hg. What clinical shock stage is it?
Terminal stage
Erectile stage
Torpid stage
Excitement stage
Inhibition stage
121 із 200
After traumatic tooth extraction a patient complains of a severe dull pain without accurate localization in his gum, body temperature rise up to 37,50C. He was diagnosed with alveolitis. What type of pain does the patient have?
Protopathic
Phantom
Epicritic
Referred
Visceral
122 із 200
A 12 year old boy came home from school and started complaining of headache, sickness, chill, periodical muscle pain, appetite loss, flabbiness. What period of illness are these symptoms typical for?
Prodromal
High point of illness
Latent
Incubative
End of illness
123 із 200
Rabbits lived on food with addition of cholesterol. Five months later the atherosclerotic aorta changes were revealed. Name the main cause of atherogenesis in this case:
Exogenous hypercholesterolemia
Hypodynamia
Overeating
-
Endogenous hypercholesterolemia
124 із 200
A patient with primary nephrotic syndrome has the following content of whole protein: 40 g/l. What factor caused hypoproteinemia?
Proteinuria
Reduced protein synthesis in liver
Disturbance of intestinal protein absorption
Transition of protein from vessels to tissues
Increased proteolysis
125 із 200
Laboratory rats that have been fed only with carbohydrate food for a long time display water accumulation in the tissues. What pathogenetic mechanism is the main cause of edema in this case?
Hypooncotic
Membranogenic
Disregulatory
Hyperosmolar
Lymphogenic
126 із 200
A patient with adenoma of glomeral zone of adrenal cortex (Conn’s disease) has arterial hypertension, convulsions, polyuria. What is the main link in pathogenesis of these disorders?
Aldosterone hypersecretion
Glucocorticoid hypersecretion
Catecholamine hypersecretion
Glucocorticoid hyposecretion
Aldosterone hyposecretion
127 із 200
A 30 year old man was exposed to irradiation with about 3 Gy. What blood change will be evident in 8 hours after irradiation?
Lymphopenia
Leukopenia
Anemy
Thrombocytopenia
Granulocytopenia
128 із 200
Four months ago a 43 year old patient had a traumatic amputation of his lower extrimity. Now he complains of sensing the amputated extremity and having constantly grave, sometimes unbearable pain in it. What type of pain does he have?
Phantom
Causalgia
Thalamic
Reflex
Neuralgia
129 із 200
In crisis period a 14 year old child ill with diphtheria has AP- 70/50 mm Hg accompanied by abrupt fall in temperature and tachycardia. What form of vascular tone disturbance is it?
Acute hypotension
Essential arterial hypotension
Vegetovascular dystonia
Chronic hypotension
-
130 із 200
A patient ill with jaundice has increased content of conjugated bilirubin and bile acids in blood, no stercobili-nogen in urine. What jaundice are these symptomps typical for?
Obstructive
Cythemolytic
Hepatocellular
Hepatic
Hemolytic
131 із 200
A newborn child ill with pylorostenosis has frequent vomiting accompanied by apathy, weakness, muscular hypertonia, sometimes convulsions. What form of acid-base balance disorder has developed?
Nongaseous alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Gaseous alkalosis
Gaseous acidosis
Excretory acidosis
132 із 200
A 19 year old patient was diagnosed with chronic acquired hemolytic anemia. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of this pathology’s development?
Autoimmune hemolysis
Toxic hemolysis
Intracellular hemolysis
Osmotic hemolysis
Hyposmolarity of plasm
133 із 200
After recovering from epidemic parotiditis a patient began to lose weight, he was permanently thirsty, drank a lot of water, had frequent urination, voracious appetite. Now he has complaints of skin itch, weakness, furunculosis. His blood contains: glucose - 16 mmole/L, ketone bodies - 100 mcmole/L; glucosuria. What disease has developed?
Insulin-dependent diabetes
Insulin-independent diabetes
Malnutrition diabetes
Steroid diabetes
Diabetes insipidus
134 із 200
A patient fell into the ice hole, was chilled in the wind and taken ill. Body temperature rised up to 39, 70C and fluctuated from 39,00C to 39,80C. Name the type of patient’s temperature profile:
Febris continua
Febris remittens
Febris intermittens
Febris recurrens
Febris hectica
135 із 200
A patient with chronic myeloleukemia has presentations of anemy - decrease of erythrocyte number and hemoglobin content, oxyphil and polychromatophil normocytes, microcytes. What pathogenetic mechanism is the main for the development of this anemy?
Replacement of erythrocytic shoot
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Intravascular erythrocyte hemolysis
Chronic hemorrhage
Reduction of erythropoietin synthesis
136 із 200
A diver who has been staying at the depth of 40 m for a long time fell ill with caisson disease as a result of decompression. The main pathogenetic factor is the following embolism:
Gaseous
Tissue
Air
Fat
Paradoxical
137 із 200
Autopsy of a woman with cerebral atherosclerosis revealed in the left cerebral hemisphere a certain focus that is presented by flabby, anhistic, greyish and yellowish tissue with indistinct edges. What pathological process is the case?
Ischemic stroke
Multifocal tumor growth with cystic degeneration
Multiple foci of fresh and old cerebral hemorrhage
Senile encephalopathy
Focal encephalitis
138 із 200
Histologic examination revealed a big number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in all layers of appendix; hyperemia, stases. What disease are these symptoms typical for?
Phlegmonous appendicitis
Simple appendicitis
Gangrenous appendicitis
Superficial appendicitis
Chronic appendicitis
139 із 200
Opening of a patient’s abdominal cavity revealed for about 2,0 L of purulent fluid. Peritoneum is dull, greyish, serous tunic of intestines has grayish layers that can be easily removed. It is most likely to be:
Fibrinopurulent peritonitis
Serous peritonitis
Tuberculous peritonitis
Hemorrhagic peritonitis
-
140 із 200
Tissue sample of soft palate arches that was taken because a tumor was suspected ( microscopic analysis revealed an ulcer with dense fundus) revealed mucous membrane necrosis, submucous layer was infiltrated by lymphocytes, epithelioid cells, plasmocytes, solitary neutrophils. There was also evident endovasculitis and perivasculitis. What desease are these changes typical for?
Primary syphilis
Aphthous stomatitis
Ulcerative stomatitis
Vensan’s ulcerative-necrotic stomatitis
Faucial diphteria
141 із 200
Histological examination of thyroid gland of a man who died from cardiac insufficiency accompanied by hypothyroidism revealed diffuse infiltration of the gland by lymphocytes and plasmocytes with formation of lymphoid follicles, as well as atrophy of parenchyma and growth of connective tissue. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Autoimmune Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Purulent thyroiditis
-
Thyrotoxic goiter
Adenoma of thyroid gland
142 із 200
Post-mortem examination of a 5 year old boy who died from acute pulmonary and cardiac insufficiency revealed the following: serohemorrhagic tracheobronchitis with some necrotic areas of mucous membrane, multiple foci of hemorrhagic pneumonia in lungs. What disease is in question?
Influenza
Scarlet fever
Croupous pneumonia
Diphtheria
Measles
143 із 200
Macroscopic examination of lung tissue revealed some areas of excessive airiness with small bubbles, histological examination registered thinning and rupture of alveolar septa and formation of big multiform cavities. What disease was revealed in the lung?
Pulmonary emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Fibrosing alveolitis
Multiple bronchiectasis
Cavernous tuberculosis
144 із 200
Examination of coronary arteries revealed atherosclerotic plaques with calcification that close tle lumen by 1/3. The muscle contains multiple small whitish layers of connective tissue. What process was revealed in myocardium?
Diffuse cardiosclerosis
Postinfarction cardiosclerosis
Myocarditis
Tiger heart
Myocardium infarction
145 із 200
Microscopic analysis of tissue sampling from patient’s skin reveals granulomas that consist of epithelioid cells surrounded mostly by T-lymphocytes. Among epithelioid cells there are solitary giant multinuclear cells of Pirogov-Langhans type. In the centre of some granulomas there are areas of caseous necrosis. Blood vessels are absent. What disease are the described granulomas typical for?
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
Rhinoscleroma
Glanders
Leprosy
146 із 200
Examination of a child who has recently recovered from measles revealed in the soft tissues of cheeks and perineum some inaccurate, edematic, red-and-black, slightly fluctuating areas. What complication is it?
Humid gangrene
Gas gangrene
Pressure sore
Dry gangrene
Trophic ulcer
147 із 200
Examination of a patient who had been suffering from rheumatism for a long time revealed stenosis of mitral orifice, death was caused by cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency. Autopsy has shown brown induration of lungs. What type of circulation disturbance provokes such changes in lungs?
Chronic left ventricular insufficiency
Chronic right ventricular insufficiency
Portal hypertension
Acute left ventricular insufficiency
Acute right ventricular insufficiency
148 із 200
On the 5th day of illness a 12 year old child who was treated in the infectious department on account of influenza felt severe headache, sickness, dizziness, got meningeal signs. The child died 24 hours later from increasing brain edema. Dissection of cranial cavity revealed that pia maters of brain are edematic, plethoric, saturated diffusively with bright red liquid. Convolutions and sulci of brain are flattened. What influenza complication is in question?
Hemorrhagic meningitis
Suppurative leptomeningitis
Cerebral hemorrhage
Serous meningitis
Venous hyperemia of brain membranes
149 із 200
Morphological examination of carious cavity floor differenciated distinctly three zones: the one of softened dentin, transparent dentin and replacing dentin. What stage of caries are these changes typical for?
Median caries
Spot stage
Chronic caries
Deep caries
Superficial caries
150 із 200
Mucous membrane of the right palatine tonsil has a painless ulcer with smooth lacquer fundus and accurate edges of cartlaginous consistency. Microscopically: inflammatory infiltrate that consists of lymphocytes, plasmocytes, a small number of neutrophils and epithelioid cells; endovasculistis and perivasculitis. What disease is in question?
Syphilis
Pharyngeal diphtheria
Actinomycosis
Tuberculosis
Necrotic (Vincent’s) tonsillitis
151 із 200
A 22 year woman has enlarged lymphatic ganglions. Histological analysis of a ganglion revealed lymphocytes, histiocytes, reticular cells, small and great Hodgkin’s cells, multinuclear Reed-Sternberg cells, solitary foci of caseous necrosis. What disease are these changes typical for?
Lymphogranulematosis
Lymphosarcoma
Chronic leukemia
Cancer metastasis
Acute leukemia
152 із 200
A 57 year old patient has periodic uterine bleedings. Diagnostic endometrectomy was performed. Biopsy material contains among the blood elements some glandular complexes of different sizes and forms that consist of atypic cells with hyperchromic nuclei and multiple mitoses (including pathological ones). What is the most probable diagnosis?
Adenocarcinoma
Glandular hyperplasia of endometrium
Chorioepithelioma
Fibromyoma of uterus
Endometritis
153 із 200
Autopsy of a man who suffered from essential hypertension revealed a cavity with rustcoloured walls in the cerebral substunce. What preceded the appearance of these changes?
Hematoma
Diapedetic hemorrhages
Plasmorrhagias
Ischemic infarction
Abscess
154 із 200
Autopsy of a man who died from ethylene glycol poisoning revealed that his kidneys are a little bit enlarged, edematic; their capsule can be easily removed. Cortical substance is broad and light-grey. Medullary substance is dark-red. What pathology had this man?
Necrotic nephrosis
Acute glomerulonephritis
Acute tubular-interstitial nephritis
Lipoid nephrosis
Acute pyelonephritis
155 із 200
During the histologic lung analysis of a man who died from cardiac insufficiency the inflammation focuses were revealed. Alveoles were full of light-pink fluid, here and there with pinkish fibers that formed a close-meshed reticulum with a small number of lymphocytes. What type of exudate is present in lungs?
Serofibrinous
Hemorrhagic
Purulent
Fibrinous
Serous
156 із 200
A 38 year old patient died during intractable attack of bronchial asthma. Histological examination revealed mucus accumulations in bronchi’s lumen, a lot of mast cells (labrocytes) in bronchi’s wall, some of these cells are degranulated, there are also many eosinophils. Name pathogenesis of these changes in bronchi:
Atopy, anaphylaxis
Cytotoxic, cytolytic effect of antibodies
Immune complex mechanism
Cell-mediated cytolysis
Granulematosis
157 із 200
In course of gastric endoscopy the biopsy material of mucous membrane was taken. Its histological examination revealed the following: mucous membrane is intact, thickened, edematic, hyperemic, with small droplike hemorrhages, coated with thick mucus. Name the form of acute gastritis:
Catarrhal
Erosive
Fibrinous
Purulent
Necrotic
158 із 200
A patient was taken to the hospital with complaints of headache, high temperature, frequent stool, stomach pain with tenesmus. Doctor made a clinical diagnosis dysentery and sent the material (excrements) to the bacteriological laboratory for analysis. What diagnostic method should the laboratory doctor use to confirm or to disprove the clinical diagnosis?
Bacteriological
Bacterioscopic
Allergic
Serological
Biological
159 із 200
Bacteriological examination of purulent discharges from urethra revealed some bacteries that had negative Gram’s stain, resembled of coffee corns, decomposed glucose and maltose up to acid. They were located in leukocutes. What disease do they cause?
Gonorrhea
Venereal lymphogranulomatosis
Pseudocholera
Soft chancre
Syphilis
160 із 200
A patient in the oral surgery department has got purulent complication. Bacteriological analysis of the wound material found a culture that produces cyan pigment. What microorganism is the most probable causative agent?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Bacillus subtilis
Proteus vulgaris
Staphylococcus epidermidis
161 із 200
Sputum smears of a patient with chronic pulmonary disease were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen method and analyzed in the bacteriological laboratory. Microscopy revealed red bacillus. What property of tuberculosis myobacteria was found?
Acid resistance
Spore-formation
Alcohol resistance
Encapsulation
Alkali resistance
162 із 200
A 7 year old girl was taken to an infectious diseases hospital. She had complaints of high temperature, sore throat, general weakness. A doctor assumed dyphteria. What will be crucial proof of diagnosis after defining pure culture of pathogenic organism?
Toxigenity test
Hemolytic ability of pathogenic orhani-sm
Phagolysability
Cystinase test
Detection of volutine granules
163 із 200
Immune-enzyme reaction revealed in blood serum HBs-antigene. What disease is this antigene associated with?
Viral hepatitis type B
Viral hepatitis type A
AIDS
Syphilis
Tuberculosis
164 із 200
Professional dentists belong to the risk group concerning professional infection with viral hepatitis type B. Name an effective method for active prevention of this disease among the dentists:
Vaccination with recombinant vaccine
Secure sterilization of medical instruments
Introduction of interferonogenes
Working with gum gloves on
Introduction of specific immunoglobuline
165 із 200
Microscopic analysis of tissue sampling from affected area of mucous membrane of oral cavity revealed bacillus in form of accumulations that looked like a pack of cigarettes. Ziehl-Neelsen staining gives them red colour. What kind of pathogenic organism was most likely revealed in tissue sampling?
M.leprae
M.avium
A.israilii
M.tuberculosis
A.bovis
166 із 200
A patient with clinical presentations of primary immunodeficiency displays disturbance of antigen-presenting function by immunocompetent cells. What cells may have structure defect?
Macrophages, monocytes
B-lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes
0- lymphocytes
Fibroblasts
167 із 200
A doctor examined a patient with recurrent aphthous stomatitis with concominant candidosis and decided to eliminate a possibility of HIV-infection. What examination can help to clear the situation up and make a provisional diagnosis?
Immune-enzyme analysis
Reaction of hemagglutination
Reaction of hemagglutination inhibition
Gel precipitation reaction
Phase-contrasr microscopy
168 із 200
On the territory of a certain region the mass death of rodents was observed. It was assumed that it may be caused by plague agent. What serological reaction should be applied for quick determination of antigene of this epizootic agent?
Precipitation reaction
Agglutination reaction
Bordet-Gengou test
Reaction of passive hemagglutination
Neutralization reaction
169 із 200
A 10 year old child was subjected to Mantoux test (with tuberculine). 48 hours later a papule up to 8 mm in diameter appeared on the site of tuberculine injection. What type of hyperesponsiveness reaction has developed after tuberculine injection?
Hyperresponsiveness reaction type IV
Hyperresponsiveness reaction type II
Reaction of Arthus phenomenon type
Atopic reaction
Reaction of serum sickness type
170 із 200
During many infectious diseases patient’s blood may contain antigenes of pathogens. What reaction should be applied provided that antigenemia is at a low level?
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Agglutination reaction
Reaction of latex-agglutination
Immunoelectrophoresis
Reaction of indirect hemagglutination
171 із 200
A 58 year old patient was being prepared to cholecystectomy operation. Drug complex of narcosis pemedicati-on included benzohexamethonium. What part does this medication play in the narcosis?
Functional blockade of visceral reflexes
Relaxation of smooth muscles
Reduction of excitement stage
Relaxation of skeletal muscles
Increase of retrograde amnesia
172 із 200
In an excitable cell the ion channells were blocked. It hasn’t changed essentially the value of rest potential, but the cell lost its ability to generate AP (action potential). What channels were blocked?
Natrium
Potassium
Calcium
Natrium and potassium
Chloric
173 із 200
A 25 year old patient had in the dentist’s room a sudden attack of bronchial asthma. The doctor gave him salbutamol in the form of inhalation. What is the mechanism of action of this preparation?
Stimulates 3v-adrenoreceptors
Blocks M-cholinergic receptors
Blocks phosphodiesterase
Stimulates ^-adrenoreceptors
Blocks Hi-histamine receptors
174 із 200
A 30 year old patient who was taken to the hospital with diagnosis acute glomerulonephritis has proteinuria. What disorder caused this occurance?
Increased permeability of renal filter
Decreased number of functioning nephrons
Increase of hydrostatic blood pressure in capillaries
Decreased oncotic pressure of blood plasma
Delayed excretion of nitrogen metabolism products
175 із 200
During the ether narcosis a patient had evident bradycardia with threat of cardiac arrest. What medication should be used to accelerate heartbeat under condition of narcosis that shouldn’t be interrupted?
Atropine
Isadrine
Camphor
Caffeine
Adrenaline
176 із 200
A patient with stomatitis was prescribed a medication of sulfanamide group. What is the mechanism of its antibacterial effect?
Competitive antagonism with para-aminobenzoic acid
Protein coagulation
Decrease of membrane permeability
Inhibition of sulfhydric groups of thiol enzymes
Synthesis disturbance of cell membrane proteins
177 із 200
While the examination of patient’s oral cavity the dentist found xerostomia, numerous erosions. What vitamin deficit caused this effect?
Vitamin A
Vitamin P
Vitamin K
Vitamin PP
Vitamin H
178 із 200
An unconscious patient was admitted to the hospital. Objectively: cold skin, miotic pupils, heavy breathing, Chaine-Stokes’ periodicity, low arterial pressure, overfull urinary bladder. What caused the poisoning?
Narcotic analgetics
Muscarinic receptor blockers
-
Tranquilizers
Nonnarcotic analgetics
179 із 200
A 30 year old patient consulted a doctor about having diarrhea and stomach aches for 5 days, temperature rise up to 37,50C with chills. The day before the patient was in a forest and drank some water from an open pond. He was diagnosed with amebic dysentery that was bacteriologically confirmed. Name the medication for treatment of this disease:
Metronidazole
Emethine hydrochloride
Furasolidone
Chloramphenicol
Phthalazole
180 із 200
A surgeon cleansed his hands with 70% solution of ethyl alcochol before an operation. What is the main mechanism of preparation’s antiseptic effect upon microorganisms?
Dehydratation of protoplasm proteins
Oxidation of organic protoplasm components
Interaction with aminogroups of protoplasm proteins
Interaction with hydroxyl enzyme groups
Blockade of sulfhydric groups of enzyme systems
181 із 200
Formaldehyde solution was applied for desinfection of nonmetallic instruments of surgical department. What chemical series does this antiseptic preparation belong to?
Aliphatic series
Halogenated compaunds
Alcochols
Detergents
Aromatic series
182 із 200
A patient with acute condition of duodenal ulcer was admitted to the hospital. Gastric juice analysis has shown increase of secretory and acid-producing function of stomach. Choose a medication that will reduce secretory function due to blockade of H2-receptors:
Ranitidine
Methacin
Beladonna bell extraction
Platyphyllin
Atropine
183 із 200
A stomatologists examined first-grade pupils and revealed that one of children had yellowish brown teeth, two of them were split. Heretofore the pupil was treated with 'some pills' on account of pneumonia. What medication could have had such a negative effect upon teeth?
Doxycycline
Biseptol
Oxacillin
Erythromycin
Ampicillin
184 із 200
In course of an experiment the peripheral fragment of a cut vagus nerve on the dog’s neck was being stimulated. There was the following change of cardiac activity:
Decrease of beat frequency
Increased speed of excitement conduction through myocardium
Increase of beat frequency and force
Increase of myocardium excitability
Increase of beat force
185 із 200
Name the drug group that can reduce need of myocardium for oxygene, decrease force of heartbeat and inhibit li-polysis:
3-adrenoceptor blockers
Selective 3-adrenoceptor agonists
^-adrenoceptor agonists
Sympatholytics
^-adrenoceptor blockers
186 із 200
A patient with thyreotoxicosis was prescribed a medication that inhibits enzyme systems taking part in synthesis of thyroid gland hormones. What medication is it?
Mercazolile
Radioactive iodine
Potassium iodide
Diiodotyrosine
Thyreoidine
187 із 200
A patient with tuberculosis was prescribed a certain medication as a part of complex therapy derivative of isonicotinic acid hydrazide. Name this preparation:
Isoniazide
Rifampicin
Streptomycin sulfate
Kanamycin
Cephaloridine
188 із 200
After a surgical procedure a patient has got an enteroparesis. What anticholinesterase medication should be prescribed in this case?
Proserin
Acetylcholine
Pilocarpine
Carbacholine
Aceclidine
189 із 200
A patient has a slowly healing fracture. What medcine can be used to accelerate formation of connective tissue matrix?
Methyluracil
Prednisolone
Cyclosporine
Cyclophosphan
Methotrexate
190 із 200
Removal of a foreign body from patient’s eye involves local anesthesia with lidocaine. What is the action mechanism of this medication?
It disturbs passing of Na+ through the membrane
It reduces passage of neuromediators
It inhibits cytochrome oxidase activity
It reduces dehydrogenase activity
It blocks passing of nitric oxide
191 із 200
A patient with myocardium infarction was prescribed an analgetic in order to stop pain syndrome. The patient felt better but overdose caused weakness, myosis, respiratory depression. What medication was prescribed?
Morphine
Sedalgine
Paracetamol
Ibuprofen
Baralgine
192 із 200
A patient complains of painful cracks in mouth angles. What sulfanilamide can be recommended for local treatment of angular stomatitis?
Streptocide liniment
Prednisolone ointment
Synthomycine liniment
Tetracycline ointment
Butadione ointment
193 із 200
What antihelmintic medication is used for stimulation of immune system in case of chronic generalized periodontitis?
Levamisole
Chloxil
Pyranthel
Pumpkin seeds
Piperidine adipinate
194 із 200
A patient has acute cardiac insufficiency resulting from essential hypertension. What medication will be the most appropriate in this case?
Corglycone
Cardiovalen
Digoxin
Caffeine
Cordiamin
195 із 200
A patient was operated on account of abdominal injury with application of tubocurarin. At the end of operation, after the respiration had been restored, the patient got injection of gentamicin. It caused a sudden respiratory standstill and relaxation of skeletal muscles. What effect underlies this phenomenon?
Potentiation
Cumulation
Sensitization
Habituation
Antagonism
196 із 200
A patient has an acute painfullness of face skin. What nerve is damaged?
Trifacial
Facial
Oculomotor
Vagus
Glossopharyngeal
197 із 200
A 3 year old child was admitted to the hospital with otitis. Pus is probable to spread from the tympanic cavity. Where can the pus get into?
Into mastoid antrum
Into posterior cranial fossa
Into internal ear
Into external acoustic duct
Into auditory tube
198 із 200
A patient had his tooth extracted. The lingual surface of this tooth was smaller than the buccal one. Masti-catoty surface has oval form. Deep transverse sulcus separates buccal and lingual tubercles. The root is strongly compressed in mesio-distal direction and has longitudinal sulci on its aproximal surfaces, it is bifurcated. What tooth was extracted?
First upper premolar
Upper canine
First lower premolar
Second upper premolar
Lower canine
199 із 200
Examination of a 16 year old boy revealed enlarged submandibular and cervical lymph nodes. The boy was subjected to biopsy. Microscopic examination of lymph nodes revealed: typical structure is obliterated, cell population is heterogenous, there are big cells with multilobe nuclei, multiple big mononuclear cells, eosinophilic and neutrophilic leukocytes, lymphocytes, besides that, there are necrotic areas and foci of sclerosis. What is the most probable diagnosis?
lymphogranulomatosis
Lymph node hyperplasia
Suppurative lymphadenitis
Granulomatous lymphadenitis
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
200 із 200
A patient with streptococcal gingival infection was prescribed a medication that contains beta lactam ring in its structure. What preparation belongs to this group?
Benzylpenicillin
Rifampicin
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Streptomicin sulfate