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Microscopic analysis of human heart cells revealed some oval oganellas, their tunic being formed by two membranes: the external one is smooth, and the internal one forms crista. Biochemical analysis determined the presence of ATP-synthetase enzyme. What organellas were analysed?
Mitochondrions
Ribosomes
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Centrosomes
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A woman with ischemic heard disease has been taking an antianginal medication that has the following properties: dilates coronary arteries, peripheral vessels (arterial and venous), reduces the need of myocardium in oxygen, improves endocardial blood circulation. Name this preparation:
Papaverine
Validol
Dibasol
Nitroglycerin
Aminophylline
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In the vermiform appendix there was found a white helminth, 40 mm long with thin filiform forward end. Ecscrements contained oval eggs with plugs at the poles. Determine the kind of helminth:
Hookworm
Ascarid
Threadworm
Seatworm
Whipworm
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Medical examination of some youths revealed in their axillary regions grey insects 1,0-1,5 mm large, with short broad body covered with hair. What insects were revealed?
Itch mite
Head louse
Bed bug
Flea
Pubic louse
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There are trisome, translocational and mosaic forms of Down’s Syndrome. What method of human genetics can be applied to differentiate the said forms of Down’s syndrome?
Genealogical
Population-statistical
Cytogenetical
Biochemical
Gemellary
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Very big teeth is an Y-linked sign. Mother’s teeth are of normal size, and her son’s teeth are very big. Probability of father’s having very large teeth is:
50 %
100%
12,5%
75 %
25 %
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An 8 month old child has non-closed palate, a number of eye defects, microcephaly, disorder of cardiovascular system. Cytogenetic analysis revealed 47 chromosomes with an additional 13th chromosome. What diagnosis can be made on the basis of clinical observations and cytogenetic examinations?
Edwards’ syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Cat cry syndrome
Down’s syndrome
Patau’s syndrome
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A patient with suspected liver abscess was admitted to the surgical department. The patient had been staying for a long time on business in one of african countries and fell repeatedly ill with acute gastrointestinal disorders. What protozoal disease may the patient be now ill with?
Malaria
Toxoplasmosis
Leishmaniasis
Trypanosomosis
Amebiasis
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Examination of a 7 year old child revealed the following symptoms: small height, broad roundish face, closely placed eyes with narrow palpebral fissures, half-open mouth. Valvular defect has been also diagnosed. These clinical presentations are most likely typical for Down’s syndrome. Name the cause of such pathology:
X-chromosome trisonomy
Partial monosomy
Trisomy of the 13 chromosome
Nondisjunction of sexual chromosomes
Trisomy of the 21 chromosome
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A group of students has representati- ves of different races. One of the students has straight black hair and overhanging skin fold of superior eyelid - epi-canthus. What race does this student most probably represent?
Ethiopian
Mongoloid
Australoid
Europeoid
Negroid
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Examination of a pregnant woman who has been taking alcohol revealed di-turbed anlage of ectoderma during the fetal life. What derivatives of this leaf have defects?
Neural tube
Liver
Sexual glands
Kidneys
Bowels epithelium
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In a genetical laboratory in course of work with DNA molecules of white rats of Wistar’s line a nucleotide was substituted for another one. At that only one amino acid was substituded in the peptide. This result is caused by the following mutation:
Transversion
Displacement of reading frame
Duplication
Deletion
Translocation
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Father bought some pork at the market. What disease may catch members of his family provided that this meat didn’t pass the veterinary control?
Hymenolepiasis
Liver fluke infection
Pork tapeworm infection
Echinococcosis
Beef tapeworm infection
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During the postsynthetic period of mitotic cycle the synthesis of tubulin proteins was disturbed. These proteins take part in construction of division spindle. It can lead to the disturbance of:
Despiralization of chromosomes
Spiralization of chromosomes
Cytokinesis
Chromosomes’ disjunction
Mitosis duration
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A newborn child has microcephalia. Doctors consider that this is the result of mother’s taking actinomycin D during the pregnancy. What embryonal leaf was influenced by this teratogen?
Entoderma and mesoderma
Ectoderma
All leaves
Entoderma
Mesoderma
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It is known that the information about amino acids sequence in a protein molecule is coded in form of a sequence of four nucleotide types in a DNA molecule, different aminoacids being coded with different quantity of triplets - from one to six. How is such peculiarity of genetic code called?
Nonoverlayability
Versatility
Degeneracy
Specificity
Triplety
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There is a 9 year old boy in endocrinological department, who has already had a few fractures of extremeties caused by fragility of bones. Malfunction of what endocrinous glands (gland) takes place?
Parathyroid glands
Epiphysis
Thyroid gland
Thymus
Adrenal glands
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To approach the thyroid gland from the transverse (collar) approach the suprasternal fascial space must be opened. What anatomical formation located in this space is dangerous to damage?
Venous jugular arch
Internal jugular vein
Subclavian artery
Carotid artery
Lymph nodes
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A 24 year old patient consulted a doctor about pain below the lower jaw to the right of it. Dental surgeon found a stone in the submandibular gland. While removing it he prevented bleeding from the following artery:
A.alveolaris inferior
A.submentalis
A.labialis inferior
A.facialis
A.lingualis
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A 28 year old man with cut wound of frontal skin was admitted to the hospital. A vessel that supplies blood to the frontal part of head was ligated in order to stop bleeding. What vessel was ligated?
A.dorsalis nasi
A.angularis
A.infraorbitalis
A.supraorbitalis
A.temporalis superf icialis
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A patient complains of headache, heavy breathing. X-ray examination confirmed the diagnosis frontitis. What nasal meatus may contain purulent discharge?
Middle
Above the superior nasal concha
Superior
Inferior
Common
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A 28 year old patient was diagnosed with acute inflammation of mucous membrane of nasolacrimal duct. It is known from the anamnesis that he had been having nasal discharges for 10 days after recovering from influenza. From what part of nasal cavity could the infection penetrate into nasolacrimal duct?
Inferior nasal meatus
Superior nasal meatus
Vestibule of nose
Middle nasal meatus
Frontal sinus
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An eye trauma caused soft tissues infection of eye-socket. Through what anatomical formation can the infection penetrate into the middle cranial fossa?
Through the anterior ethmoidal foramen
Through the superior orbital fissure
Through the zygomatic orbital foramen
Through the posterior ethmoidal foramen
Through the inferior orbital fissure
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When a patient puts his tongue out the tip of it deflects to the left. Motor innervation of what cranial nerve is disturbed in this case?
N.trigeminus sinister
N.glossopharyngeus dexter
N.hypoglossus dexter
N.facialis sinister
N.vagus dexter
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A mother consulted the doctor about her one year old child, who has got six teeth come out. How many teeth should the child of such age have?
10
8
12
6
7
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Trauma of occipital region of head resulted in crack fracture in the region of transverse sinus. What part of occipital bone is damaged?
Condyle
Proximal
Squama
Right lateral
Left lateral
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A surgeon is going to take lympha from patient’s thoracic duct in the point of its flowing into venous channel. Where exactly a cannula should be inserted?
Point of formation of inferior vena cava
Left venous angle
Point of formation of portal vein
Point of formation of superior vena cava
Right venous angle
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A 69 year old patient has got an abscess of frontal lobe as a result of purulent infection in nasal cavity. What anatomical formation did the infection penetrate through?
Foraminae cribrosae
Foramen ethmoidalae posterior
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen sphenopalatinum
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A patient displays abnormal retrodeviation of his lower jaw as a result of trauma in the region of mandibular coronal process. What muscle is most likely to be damaged?
M.temporalis
M.levator anguli oris
M.pterygoideus lateralis
M.pterygoideus medialis
M.masseter
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A patient has disorder of tear flow after a cold. What autonomic ganglion had been most damaged?
Submandibular
Ciliated
Sublingual
Aural
Pterygopalatine
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A 58 year old woman had her uterus and all appendages completely removed. It resulted in stoppage of urine excretion. Cystoscopy results: bladder doesn’t contain any urine, urine doesn’t come also from ureteric orifices. What part of urinary excretion system was damaged during the operation?
Vesica urinaria
Ureter
Pelvis renalis
Uretra
Ren
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Examination of a 32 year old patient revealed disproportional skeleton size, enlargement of superciliary arches, nose, lips, tongue, jaw bones, feet. What gland’s function was disturbed?
Epiphysis
Pancreas
Suprarenal
Hypophysis
Thyroid
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A patient suffers from middle ear inflammation (otitis). He complains also of disordered test sensation in the anterior tongue part. What nerve is damaged?
N.glossopharyngeus
N.vestibulo — cochlearis
N.facialis
N.vagus
N.trigeminus
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A surgeon should reach the omental bursa to perform an operation on abdominal cavity. How can he reach this part of peritoneal cavity without affecting the integrity of lesser omentum?
Through the right paracolic sulcus
Through the left paracolic sulcus
Through the left mesenteric sinus
Through the epiploic foramen
Through the right mesenteric sinus
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A 5 year old child suffers from the neck deformity. Clinical examination revealed such symptoms: apparent flexion of head to the left, his face is turned right, passive movements of the head to the right are restricted. What muscle’s development was disturbed in this case?
Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Splenius muscle of head
Sternosublingual
Long muscle of head
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A patient has difficulties with jaw joining when he is chewing. There is partial atrophy of masticatory muscles situated below the zygomatic arch. What nerve branches do these muscles innervate?
N.alveolaris inferior
N.maxillaris
N.mandibularis
N.infraorbitalis
Nn.alveolares superiores
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A boxer who got a punch in the region of temporomandibular joint has a traumatic dislocation of mandible. Displacement of what articular surfaces will overstep the limits of physiological norm?
Coronoid process and submandibular fossa
Neck of mandible and submandibular fossa
Head of mandible and mandibular fossa
Coronoid process and pterygoid fossa
Head of mandible and submandibular fossa
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A patient’s middle ear inflammation was complicated by mastoiditis. There was a threat of purulent thrombosis of the nearest venous sinus. What sinus was under the threat?
Transverse
Rectus
Superior saggital
Sigmoid
Inferior petrosal
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On examination of a road accident victim a doctor revealed left clavicle fracture and disturbed blood circulation in an extremity (no pulsing of radial artery). What cause of blood circulation disturbance is the most probable?
Compression of subclavian vein
Compression of axillary vein
Compression of vertebral artery
Compression of subclavian artery
Compression of axillary artery
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A 60 year old patient has problems with formation and moving of food mass, it disturbs eating process. His tongue is stiff, speaking is impossible. What nerve is damaged?
V
XII
IX
XI
VII
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A woman in grave condition was admitted to a hospital with the diagnosis of the hemorrhagic stroke in the region of frontal part of the right cerebral hemisphere. The damage of what artery most likely caused this condition?
A.cerebri posterior
A .communicans posterior
A.cerebri media
A.cerebri anterior
A.communicans anterior
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A 17 year old student pressed out a pustule in the medial angle of eye. In 2 days she was taken to the institute of neurosurgery with thrombosis of cavernous sinus. Through what vein did the infection get into this sinus?
V.diploicae frontalis
V.maxillaris
V.angularis
V.profunda faciei
V.transversa faciei
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A 35 year old patient came to the admission department with complaints of pain and edema in the region of floor of oral cavity. After examination he was diagnosed with inflammation in the region of excretory duct of submandibular gland. Where does this duct open into?
Caruncula sublingualis
Foramen caecum linguae
Recesus gingivalis
Vestibulum oris
Plica fimbriata
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Examination of a patient who was exposed to the ionizing radiation revealed damage of wight pulp. What cells of white pulp undergo pathological changes?
Basophilic leukocytes
Tissue basophils
Monocytes
Neutrophilic leukocytes
Lymphocytes
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A patient had a trauma that led to the injury of front spinal roots. Denote the damaged structures:
Axons of motoneurons
Axons of motoneurons and lateral horn neurons
Axons of lateral horn neurons
Central processes of spinal ganglion neurons
Peripheral processes of spinal ganglion neurons
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A patient with an acute rhinitis has hyperemia and excessive mucus formation in nasal cavity. What epithelial cells of mucous membrane have the intensified activity?
Ciliated cells
Endocrine cells
Goblet cells
Basal cells
Microvillous cells
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As a result of head trauma a 32 year old man has damaged ampullas of semicircular ducts. What stimuli perception will be disturbed?
Vibration and gravitation
Linear acceleration
Gravitation
Vibration
Angular acceleration
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Morphological examination revealed in histological specimen of biopsy material an irregularshaped vessel. Its middle membrane is formed by bundles of smooth myocytes and layers of connective tissue. What type of vessel is it?
Venule
Lymphatic vessel
Vein of muscular type
Artery uf muscular type
Arteriole
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An electronic micrograph presents a cell that has no nucleole and nuclear membrane. Chromosomes has free position, centrioles migrate to the poles. What phase of cell cycle is it typical for?
Telophase
Anaphase
Metaphase
Prophase
Interphase
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The symptoms of regeneration process (callus) on the place of fracture were revealed in the histologic specimen of tubular bone. What tissue forms this structure?
Fibrous bone tissue
Lamellar bone tissue
Epithelial tissue
Reticular tissue
Loose connective tissue
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A chemical burn of esophagus caused it’s local constriction as a result of scar formation. What cells of loose connective tissue take part in scar formation?
Fibroclasts
Fibrocytes
Immature nonspecialized fibroblasts
Miofibroblasts
Mature specialized fibroblasts
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A woman has hyperemic ovary, increased permeability of hematofolli-cular barrier with the following development of edema, infiltration of follicle wall by segmentonuclear leukocytes. The follicle volume is large, its wall is thinned. What period of sexual cycle do these presentations correspond with?
Period of relative rest
Postmenstrual period
Menstrual period
Preovulatory stage
Ovulation
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Premature infants have syndrom of respiratory failure. Failure of what aerohematic barriere component underlies this pathology?
Basal membrane of alveolocytes
Alveolocytes
Surfactant
Capillary endothelium
Basal membrane of endothelium
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Histological examination in the area of neck of fundus gland reveals small cells that have high nuclear-cytoplasmatic ratio and basophilic cytoplasm. Name the function of these cells:
Regeneration of glandular epithelium
Endocrine
Protective
Secretion of chlorine ions
Pepsinogen secretion
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Histological examination of trasverse enamel slice revealed linear banding in form of concentric circles that is pointing at an angle to the dentinoenamel junction. Name these structures:
Retsius’ lines
Enamel plates
Enamel spindles
Enamel fascicles
Hunter-Schreger’s lines
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Retrospective diagnostics of old bacillary dysentery required serologic examination of blood serum in order to determine blood titer to the shigells. What reaction should be applied for this purpose?
Hemolysis reaction
Bacteriolysis reaction
Reaction of passive hemagglutination
Precipitation reaction
Bordet-Gengou test
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Microspecimen of a child’s finger skin reveals subnormal development of epidermis. What embryonic leaf was damaged in course of development?
Entoderm
Ectomesenchyma
Ectoderm
Mesenchyma
Mesoderm
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The influence of negative factors upon an organism results in the thymus change that is accompanied by mass loss of thymocytes, their drive out to the peripheral organs, proliferation of epitheli-oreticulocytes. How is this phenomemon called?
Age thymus involition
Thymus atrophy
Accidental thymus involution
Thymus distrophy
Thymus hypotrophy
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Histological specimen of an oral cavity organ shows that anterior surface is lined with multilayer flat non-keratinizing epithelium and posterior surface - with multirow ciliated epithelium. What organ is it?
Soft palate
Lip
Hard palate
Gum
Cheek
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In course of embryogenesis maxillary and mandibular processes grew together with a delay. What development anomalies should be expected in this case?
Macrostomia
Cleft of superior lip
Microstomia
Cleft palate
Gothic palate
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Examination of a 42 year old patient who suffers from parodontosis revealed roundish calcified formations 2-3 mm in diameter in coronal pulp. Name these formatioms:
Interglobular spaces
Dead dentin
Sclerosed (transparent) dentin
Intertubular dentin
Denticles
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Electron micrograph of a kidney fragment presents an afferent arteriole with big cells under endothelium. These cells contain secretory granules. Name this type of cells:
Juxtaglomerular
Interstitial
Smooth muscular
Juxtavascular
Mesangial
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A child damaged the lateral surface of his tongue. What lingual papillas are most likely to be damged?
Foliate
Conic
Fungiform
Vallate
Filiform
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By producing a number of hormones placenta plays a part of temporary endocrine gland. What hormone may be detected in woman’s blood on the third or the forth day after begin of implantation, that is used in medicine for early pregnancy detection?
Vasopressin
Progesterone
Oxytocin
Somatostatin
Chorionic gonadotropin
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In a histological specimen of adrenal cortex there are petite polygonal cells that form roundish clusters and contain some lipidic inclusions. What part of adrenal is presented in this histological specimen?
Glomerular zone
Intermedial zone
-
Fasciolar zone
Reticular zone
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Implantation process has two stages: adhesion and invasion. Morphological manifestation of blastocyte adhesion is:
Attachment of blastocyte to the endometrium
Formation of lacunes
Destruction of endometrium vessels
Destruction of connective tissue of endometrium
Destruction of endometrium epithelium
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While a 24 year old woman was waiting for tooth extraction, tonus of sympathetic part of autonomic nervous system rose. What reaction will the patient display?
Hypersecretion of digestive juices
Increased frequency of heartbeat
Bronchus constriction
Miotic pupils
Hyperperistalsis
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If a mountain-climber stays in the mountains for a long time, quantity of erythrocytes increases from 5,0 • l012/l to 6,0 • 1012/l. What causes stimulation of erythropoesis?
Decrease of p O2 in arterial blood
Increase of p O2 in arterial blood
Increase of p O2 in venous blood
Increase of p O2 in cells
Decrease of p O2 in venous blood
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An experimentator wants a dog to develop conditioned salivary reflex. What conditioned stimulus will be appropriate to use?
Very loud sound
Moderately loud sound
Electric current
Meat
Zwieback
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A man has trauma of greater pectoral muscle. What index’ decrease will it cause?
Functional residual lung capacity
Inspiratory reserve volume
Respiratory volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
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A month after surgical constriction of rabbit’s renal artery the considerable increase of systematic arterial pressure was observed. What of the following regulation mechanisms caused the animal’s pressure change?
Angiotensin-II
Vasopressin
Serotonin
Noradrenaline
Adrenaline
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Rate of excitement conduction was studied on different sites of an isolated heart. Where was the lowest rate registered?
In His’ bundle
In Purkinje’s fibers
In atrioventricular node
In ventricle’s myocardium
In atria’s myocardium
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While passing an exam a student gets dry mouth. It is caused by realization of such reflexes:
Unconditioned sympathetic and parasympathetic
Conditioned and unconditioned sympathetic
Conditioned parasympathetic
Unconditioned parasympathetic
Conditioned sympathetic
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A patient has been taking glucocorticoids for a long time. Drug withdrowal caused acute attack of his disease, blood pressure reduction, weakness. What are these occurences connected with?
Cumulation
Drug habituation
Sensibilisation
Hyperproduction of corticotroph hormone
Adrenal glands insufficiency
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A sportsman was examined after an intensive physical activity. The examination revealed disorder of movement coordination but the force of muscle contractions remained the same. It can be explained by retarded speed of excitement conduction through:
Neuromuscular synapses
Central synapses
Efferent nerves
Conduction tracts
Afferent nerves
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Cerebral hemorrhage caused serious disturbance of taste sensibility. What brain structure is most likely to be damged?
Amygdaloid body
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Substantia nigra
Postcentral gyrus
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A man lost consciousness in a car with running engine where he had been waiting for a friend for a long time. What hemoglobin compaund can be found in the blood of the patient?
Oxyhemoglobin
Deoxyhemoglobin
Carboxyhemoglobin
Methemoglobin
Carbhemoglobin
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A patient has the sudden decrease of Ca2+ content in blood. What hormone secretion will increase?
Parathormone
Thyrocalcitonin
Vasopressin
Somatotropin
Aldosterone
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It is required to set an experiment on an isolated excitable cell and to achieve increase of membrane rest potential (hyperpolarization). What ion channels should be activated to achieve such a result?
Potassium and sodium
Sodium
Potassium
Sodium and calcium
Calcium
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A man has considerable disorder of protein, fat and carbohydrate digestion. Reduced secretion of what digestive juice is the most probable cause of this phenomenon?
Bile
Gastric juice
Saliva
Pancreatic juice
Intestinal juice
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During phonocardiogram registration it was ascertained that the duration of the first heart sound twice exceeds the norm. It is most likely that patient has the following organ affected:
Cardiomyocytes of ventricles
Atrioventricular valves
Cardiomyocytes of atriums
Cardiomyocytes of heart atriums
Semilunar valves
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In the course of an experiment a nerve is being stimulated by electric impulses. It leads to excretion of some quantity of thick viscous saliva by sublingual and submandibular glands. What nerve is being stimulated?
N.glossopharyngeus
N.trigeminus
N.sympathicus
N.vagus
N.facialis
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A patient has hyperkaliemia and hyponatremia. Reduced secretion of what hormone may cause such changes?
Vasopressin
Aldosterone
Natriuretic hormone
Cortosol
Parathormone
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A man’s energy consumption is measured on an empty stomach, in lying position, under conditions of physical psychical rest, at comfortable temperature. At what time will the energy consuption be the lowest?
At 10-12 o’clock a.m.
At 5-6 o’clock p.m.
At 7-8 o’clock a.m.
At 2-4 o’clock p.m.
At 3-4 o’clock a.m.
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A patient complains of rapid fatigability. Objectively: he staggers and overbalances in the upright position with closed eyes. Skeleton muscular tonus is decreased. What brain structure is most likely to be damaged?
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
Precentral gyrus of cerebrum cortex
Basal ganglions
Thalamus
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A patient with chronic glomerulonephritis has disorder of incretoty function of kidneys. What blood elements deficit will result from it?
Thrombocytes
Leukocytes and thrombocytes
Erythrocytes and leukocytes
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
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In course of an experiment the peripheral segment of vagus nerve of an animal was stimulated. The following changes of heart activity were obseerved:
Reduced heart rate
Increased excitability of myocardium
Increase of frequency and force of heartbeat
Icreased force of heartbeat
Increased conduction of excitement through myocardium
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A patient has hypocalcemia. What hormone deficiency may be it’s cause?
Thyrocalcitonin
Corticoliberin
Parathormone
Aldosterone
Corticotropin
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ESR of a patient with pneumonia is 48 mm/h. What caused such changes?
Hypoproteinemia
Hypergammaglobulinemia
Hypogammaglobulinemia
Hyperalbuminemia
Erythrocytosis
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Examination of a child who hasn’t got fresh fruit and vegetables during winter revealed numerous subcutaneous hemorrhages, gingivitis, carious cavities in teeth. What vitamin combination should be prescribed in this case?
Thiamine and pyridoxine
Riboflavin and nicotinamide
Folic acid and cobalamin
Calciferol and ascorbic acid
Ascorbic acid and rutin
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A patient has increased permeability of blood-vessel walls, increased gingival hemorrhage, small punctate hematomas on his skin, falling of teeth. What disturbance of vitamun metabolism can account for these symptoms?
Hypovitaminosis D
Hypovitaminosis A
Hypovitaminosis C
Hypervitaminosis C
Hypervitaminosis D
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A patient with diabetes mellitus had an insuline injection. It caused loss of consciousness and convulsions. What was the result of biochemic blood analysis on glucose content?
5,5 mmole/l
10 mmole/l
8,0 mmole/l
2,5 mmole/l
3,3 mmole/l
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Examination of a 6 days old infant revealed phenyl pyruvate and phenyl acetate excess in his urine. What ami-noacid metabolism is disturbed in the child’s organism?
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Histidine
Arginine
Methionine
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A patient who is ill with scurvy displays disturbed processes of connective tissue formation that leads to loosening and falling of teeth. Disturbed activity of what enzyme causes these symptomps?
Glycosiltransferase
Elastase
Lisilhydroxylase
Procollagenpeptidase of C-terminal peptide
Procollagenpeptidase of N-terminal peptide
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A patient who suffers from chronic renal insufficiency fell ill with osteoporosis. Disturbed synthesis of what mineral metabolism’s regulator is the cause of osteoporosis?
Cortisol hydroxylation
Glutamate carboxylation
Formation of 1, 25(OH)2D3
Proline hydroxylation
Lysine hydroxylation
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Cyanide poisoning causes immediate death. What is the mechanism of cyanide effect at the molecular level?
They bind substrates of tricarboxylic acid cycle
They inactivate oxygene
They block succinate dehydrogenase
They inhibit cytochromoxidase
They inhibit cytochrome B
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A patient has the folowing changes: disorder of twilight vision, drying out of conjunctiva and cornea. Such disorders may be caused by deficiency of vitamin:
Vitamin B12
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin B
Vitamin C
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What vitamin deficiency leads to both disorder of reproductive function and di-strophy of skeletal muscles?
Vitamin A
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Vitamin B1
Vitamin D
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A child has disturbed enamel and dentine formation as a result of decreased content of calcium ions in his blood. What hormone deficiency may cause such changes?
Triiodothyronine
Thyroxin
Parathormone
Thyreocalcitonin
Somatotropin
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A chiled was diagnosed with acute renal failure. What biochemic saliva indices can confirm this diagnosis?
Increase of immunoglobuline A
Reduction of alkaline phosphatase
Increased level of rest nitrogen
Increase of alpha amylase
Decreased level of phosphate
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A child has disturbed processes of ossification and 'punctate' enamel. What microelement metabolism is disturbed?
Iron
Zinc
Copper
Fluorine
Chromium
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What substance makes saliva viscous and mucous, has protective function, protects mucous membrane of oral cavity from mechanical damage?
Glucose
Kallikrein
Amylase
Lysozyme
Mucin
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Parodontitis is accompanied by activation of proteolysis in parodentium tissues. Increase of what oral fluid’s component is the evidence of proteolysis activation?
Glucose
Cholesterol
Aminoacids
Organic acids
Biogenic amines
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Examination of an ill child’s blood revealed inherited hyperlipoproteinemia. Genetic defect of what enzyme synthesis causes this phenomenon?
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Lipoprotein lipase
Hemsynthetase
Glycosidase
Proteinase
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A 42 year old woman diagnosed with diabetes mellitus was admitted th the endocrinological department with complaints of thirst, excessive appetite. What pathological components are revealed in course of laboratory examination of the patient’s urine?
Blood
Glucose, ketone bodies
Protein, aminoacids
Bilirubin, urobilin
Protein, creatine
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A patient has increased content of uric acid in his blood that is clinically presented by pain syndrome as a result of urate deposition in the joints. What process does this acid result from?
Reutilization of purine bases
Heme catabolism
Lysis of purine nucleotides
Proteolysis
Lysis of pyrimidine nucleotides
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A non trained man has usually muscular hypoxy after a sprint. What metabolite accumulates in the muscles as a result of it?
Lactate
Oxaloacetate
-
Ketone bodies
Glucose 6-phosphate
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Myocyte cytoplasm contains a big number of dissolved metabolites of glucose oxidation. Name one of them that turns directly into lactate:
Oxaloacetate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Glucose 6-phosphate
Glycerophosphate
Pyruvate
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A patient is diagnosed with alkaptonuria. Name a defect enzyme that causes this pathology:
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Oxydase of homogentisine acid
Glutamate dehydrogenase
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Dioxyphenylalanine decarboxylase
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Chronic overdosage of glucocorticoids leads to the development of hyperglycemia. What process of carbohydrate metabolism is responsible for this effect?
Glycogenesis
Gluconeogenesis
Pentose-phosphate cycle
Glycogenolysis
Aerobic glycolisis
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In compliance with the clinical presentations a man was prescribed pyri-doxalphosphate. What processes are corrected by this preparation?
Desamination of purine nucleotides
Transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids
Synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases
Protein synthesis
Oxidative decarboxilation of keto acids
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A 2 year old child suffers from intestinal dysbacteriosis that lead to the development hemorrhagic syndrome. The most probable cause of hemorrhage is:
Vitamin K deficiency
Activation of tissue thromboplastin
Hypocalcemia
Fibrinogen deficiency
Hypovitaminosis PP
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Toxic pulmonary edema was reproduced on a laboratory rat by means of ammonium chloride solution. What is the leading pathogenetic factor of this edema?
Increase of venous outflow
Decrease of colloid osmotic pressure
Disorder of neural and humoral regulation
Increased permeability of capillars
Increase of lymph outflow
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A 62 year old patient in grave comdition was admitted to the nerologi-cal department on account of cerebral hemorrhage. Objectively: hyperpnoe and rising of respiratory rate, then it falls to apnea, after that the cycle of respiratory movements restores. What respiratory type is it?
Gasping respiration
Apneustic
Kussmaul’s respiration
Biot’s respiration
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
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The body temperature of a patient with an infectious disease rises once in two days up to 39,5 — 40,50C and stays so for about an hour and then drops to the initial level. What type of fever is it?
Hectic
Continued
Atypical
Intermittent
Remittent
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A woman after labor lost 20 kg of body weight, her hair and teeth fall out, she has muscle atrophy (hypophysial cachexia). Synthesis of what hypophysis hormone is disturbed?
Thyreotropic
Prolactin
Corticotrophic
Somatotropic
Gonadotropic
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Poisoning with mercuric dichloride caused acute renal insufficiency that included 4 stages: 1) the initial one, 2) the stage of oligoanuria, 4) the stage of recovery. What is the third stage of acute renal insufficiency?
Hemodynamic
Ischemic
Pathochemic
Metabolic
Polyuretic
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A patient with pneumosclerosis has pulmonary hypertension and cardiac insuffisiency of right ventricle with ascites and edemata. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of edemata development?
Rise of hydrostatic blood pressure in veins
-
Increased permeability of vessel walls
Rise of oncotic pressure of intracellular fluid
Reduction of oncotic blood pressure
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A year after subtotal stomach resection on account of ulcer of lesser curvature the following blood changes were revealed: anemia, leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia, color index -1,3, megaloblasts and megalocytes. What factor deficiency caused the development of thos pathology?
Gastrin
Castle’s factor
Pepsin
Mucin
Hydrochloride acid
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A 45 year old patient was taken to the hospital by an emergency team with serious cranial trauma in shock condition. Objectively: unconscious, skin is pale, body t0- 35,00C, low muscular tonus, reflexes are absent, pulse is rapid and weak, AP- 50/30 mm Hg. What clinical shock stage is it?
Inhibition stage
Torpid stage
Excitement stage
Terminal stage
Erectile stage
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After traumatic tooth extraction a patient complains of a severe dull pain without accurate localization in his gum, body temperature rise up to 37,50C. He was diagnosed with alveolitis. What type of pain does the patient have?
Phantom
Visceral
Epicritic
Protopathic
Referred
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A 12 year old boy came home from school and started complaining of headache, sickness, chill, periodical muscle pain, appetite loss, flabbiness. What period of illness are these symptoms typical for?
End of illness
Prodromal
High point of illness
Latent
Incubative
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Rabbits lived on food with addition of cholesterol. Five months later the atherosclerotic aorta changes were revealed. Name the main cause of atherogenesis in this case:
Exogenous hypercholesterolemia
-
Hypodynamia
Overeating
Endogenous hypercholesterolemia
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A patient with primary nephrotic syndrome has the following content of whole protein: 40 g/l. What factor caused hypoproteinemia?
Proteinuria
Disturbance of intestinal protein absorption
Reduced protein synthesis in liver
Transition of protein from vessels to tissues
Increased proteolysis
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Laboratory rats that have been fed only with carbohydrate food for a long time display water accumulation in the tissues. What pathogenetic mechanism is the main cause of edema in this case?
Disregulatory
Hypooncotic
Lymphogenic
Hyperosmolar
Membranogenic
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A patient with adenoma of glomeral zone of adrenal cortex (Conn’s disease) has arterial hypertension, convulsions, polyuria. What is the main link in pathogenesis of these disorders?
Glucocorticoid hyposecretion
Glucocorticoid hypersecretion
Catecholamine hypersecretion
Aldosterone hypersecretion
Aldosterone hyposecretion
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A 30 year old man was exposed to irradiation with about 3 Gy. What blood change will be evident in 8 hours after irradiation?
Anemy
Thrombocytopenia
Lymphopenia
Granulocytopenia
Leukopenia
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Four months ago a 43 year old patient had a traumatic amputation of his lower extrimity. Now he complains of sensing the amputated extremity and having constantly grave, sometimes unbearable pain in it. What type of pain does he have?
Causalgia
Thalamic
Neuralgia
Phantom
Reflex
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In crisis period a 14 year old child ill with diphtheria has AP- 70/50 mm Hg accompanied by abrupt fall in temperature and tachycardia. What form of vascular tone disturbance is it?
Vegetovascular dystonia
Chronic hypotension
Acute hypotension
-
Essential arterial hypotension
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A patient ill with jaundice has increased content of conjugated bilirubin and bile acids in blood, no stercobili-nogen in urine. What jaundice are these symptomps typical for?
Hepatic
Hepatocellular
Hemolytic
Cythemolytic
Obstructive
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A newborn child ill with pylorostenosis has frequent vomiting accompanied by apathy, weakness, muscular hypertonia, sometimes convulsions. What form of acid-base balance disorder has developed?
Metabolic acidosis
Excretory acidosis
Nongaseous alkalosis
Gaseous alkalosis
Gaseous acidosis
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A 19 year old patient was diagnosed with chronic acquired hemolytic anemia. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of this pathology’s development?
Hyposmolarity of plasm
Osmotic hemolysis
Autoimmune hemolysis
Toxic hemolysis
Intracellular hemolysis
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After recovering from epidemic parotiditis a patient began to lose weight, he was permanently thirsty, drank a lot of water, had frequent urination, voracious appetite. Now he has complaints of skin itch, weakness, furunculosis. His blood contains: glucose - 16 mmole/L, ketone bodies - 100 mcmole/L; glucosuria. What disease has developed?
Steroid diabetes
Insulin-independent diabetes
Diabetes insipidus
Malnutrition diabetes
Insulin-dependent diabetes
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A patient fell into the ice hole, was chilled in the wind and taken ill. Body temperature rised up to 39, 70C and fluctuated from 39,00C to 39,80C. Name the type of patient’s temperature profile:
Febris hectica
Febris continua
Febris remittens
Febris recurrens
Febris intermittens
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A patient with chronic myeloleukemia has presentations of anemy - decrease of erythrocyte number and hemoglobin content, oxyphil and polychromatophil normocytes, microcytes. What pathogenetic mechanism is the main for the development of this anemy?
Reduction of erythropoietin synthesis
Replacement of erythrocytic shoot
Intravascular erythrocyte hemolysis
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Chronic hemorrhage
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A diver who has been staying at the depth of 40 m for a long time fell ill with caisson disease as a result of decompression. The main pathogenetic factor is the following embolism:
Tissue
Paradoxical
Air
Fat
Gaseous
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Autopsy of a woman with cerebral atherosclerosis revealed in the left cerebral hemisphere a certain focus that is presented by flabby, anhistic, greyish and yellowish tissue with indistinct edges. What pathological process is the case?
Focal encephalitis
Multifocal tumor growth with cystic degeneration
Multiple foci of fresh and old cerebral hemorrhage
Ischemic stroke
Senile encephalopathy
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Histologic examination revealed a big number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in all layers of appendix; hyperemia, stases. What disease are these symptoms typical for?
Superficial appendicitis
Simple appendicitis
Chronic appendicitis
Phlegmonous appendicitis
Gangrenous appendicitis
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Opening of a patient’s abdominal cavity revealed for about 2,0 L of purulent fluid. Peritoneum is dull, greyish, serous tunic of intestines has grayish layers that can be easily removed. It is most likely to be:
-
Serous peritonitis
Hemorrhagic peritonitis
Tuberculous peritonitis
Fibrinopurulent peritonitis
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Tissue sample of soft palate arches that was taken because a tumor was suspected ( microscopic analysis revealed an ulcer with dense fundus) revealed mucous membrane necrosis, submucous layer was infiltrated by lymphocytes, epithelioid cells, plasmocytes, solitary neutrophils. There was also evident endovasculitis and perivasculitis. What desease are these changes typical for?
Vensan’s ulcerative-necrotic stomatitis
Faucial diphteria
Ulcerative stomatitis
Primary syphilis
Aphthous stomatitis
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Histological examination of thyroid gland of a man who died from cardiac insufficiency accompanied by hypothyroidism revealed diffuse infiltration of the gland by lymphocytes and plasmocytes with formation of lymphoid follicles, as well as atrophy of parenchyma and growth of connective tissue. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Thyrotoxic goiter
Adenoma of thyroid gland
-
Purulent thyroiditis
Autoimmune Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
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Post-mortem examination of a 5 year old boy who died from acute pulmonary and cardiac insufficiency revealed the following: serohemorrhagic tracheobronchitis with some necrotic areas of mucous membrane, multiple foci of hemorrhagic pneumonia in lungs. What disease is in question?
Croupous pneumonia
Diphtheria
Measles
Influenza
Scarlet fever
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Macroscopic examination of lung tissue revealed some areas of excessive airiness with small bubbles, histological examination registered thinning and rupture of alveolar septa and formation of big multiform cavities. What disease was revealed in the lung?
Multiple bronchiectasis
Cavernous tuberculosis
Pulmonary emphysema
Fibrosing alveolitis
Chronic bronchitis
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Examination of coronary arteries revealed atherosclerotic plaques with calcification that close tle lumen by 1/3. The muscle contains multiple small whitish layers of connective tissue. What process was revealed in myocardium?
Myocarditis
Postinfarction cardiosclerosis
Myocardium infarction
Diffuse cardiosclerosis
Tiger heart
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Microscopic analysis of tissue sampling from patient’s skin reveals granulomas that consist of epithelioid cells surrounded mostly by T-lymphocytes. Among epithelioid cells there are solitary giant multinuclear cells of Pirogov-Langhans type. In the centre of some granulomas there are areas of caseous necrosis. Blood vessels are absent. What disease are the described granulomas typical for?
Tuberculosis
Glanders
Rhinoscleroma
Syphilis
Leprosy
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Examination of a child who has recently recovered from measles revealed in the soft tissues of cheeks and perineum some inaccurate, edematic, red-and-black, slightly fluctuating areas. What complication is it?
Dry gangrene
Gas gangrene
Humid gangrene
Pressure sore
Trophic ulcer
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Examination of a patient who had been suffering from rheumatism for a long time revealed stenosis of mitral orifice, death was caused by cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency. Autopsy has shown brown induration of lungs. What type of circulation disturbance provokes such changes in lungs?
Portal hypertension
Chronic right ventricular insufficiency
Chronic left ventricular insufficiency
Acute left ventricular insufficiency
Acute right ventricular insufficiency
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On the 5th day of illness a 12 year old child who was treated in the infectious department on account of influenza felt severe headache, sickness, dizziness, got meningeal signs. The child died 24 hours later from increasing brain edema. Dissection of cranial cavity revealed that pia maters of brain are edematic, plethoric, saturated diffusively with bright red liquid. Convolutions and sulci of brain are flattened. What influenza complication is in question?
Venous hyperemia of brain membranes
Hemorrhagic meningitis
Serous meningitis
Cerebral hemorrhage
Suppurative leptomeningitis
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Morphological examination of carious cavity floor differenciated distinctly three zones: the one of softened dentin, transparent dentin and replacing dentin. What stage of caries are these changes typical for?
Deep caries
Superficial caries
Median caries
Chronic caries
Spot stage
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Mucous membrane of the right palatine tonsil has a painless ulcer with smooth lacquer fundus and accurate edges of cartlaginous consistency. Microscopically: inflammatory infiltrate that consists of lymphocytes, plasmocytes, a small number of neutrophils and epithelioid cells; endovasculistis and perivasculitis. What disease is in question?
Actinomycosis
Pharyngeal diphtheria
Syphilis
Necrotic (Vincent’s) tonsillitis
Tuberculosis
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A 22 year woman has enlarged lymphatic ganglions. Histological analysis of a ganglion revealed lymphocytes, histiocytes, reticular cells, small and great Hodgkin’s cells, multinuclear Reed-Sternberg cells, solitary foci of caseous necrosis. What disease are these changes typical for?
Lymphosarcoma
Chronic leukemia
Acute leukemia
Cancer metastasis
Lymphogranulematosis
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A 57 year old patient has periodic uterine bleedings. Diagnostic endometrectomy was performed. Biopsy material contains among the blood elements some glandular complexes of different sizes and forms that consist of atypic cells with hyperchromic nuclei and multiple mitoses (including pathological ones). What is the most probable diagnosis?
Glandular hyperplasia of endometrium
Chorioepithelioma
Adenocarcinoma
Endometritis
Fibromyoma of uterus
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Autopsy of a man who suffered from essential hypertension revealed a cavity with rustcoloured walls in the cerebral substunce. What preceded the appearance of these changes?
Plasmorrhagias
Ischemic infarction
Hematoma
Diapedetic hemorrhages
Abscess
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Autopsy of a man who died from ethylene glycol poisoning revealed that his kidneys are a little bit enlarged, edematic; their capsule can be easily removed. Cortical substance is broad and light-grey. Medullary substance is dark-red. What pathology had this man?
Lipoid nephrosis
Acute pyelonephritis
Acute glomerulonephritis
Acute tubular-interstitial nephritis
Necrotic nephrosis
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During the histologic lung analysis of a man who died from cardiac insufficiency the inflammation focuses were revealed. Alveoles were full of light-pink fluid, here and there with pinkish fibers that formed a close-meshed reticulum with a small number of lymphocytes. What type of exudate is present in lungs?
Serous
Serofibrinous
Purulent
Fibrinous
Hemorrhagic
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A 38 year old patient died during intractable attack of bronchial asthma. Histological examination revealed mucus accumulations in bronchi’s lumen, a lot of mast cells (labrocytes) in bronchi’s wall, some of these cells are degranulated, there are also many eosinophils. Name pathogenesis of these changes in bronchi:
Granulematosis
Immune complex mechanism
Atopy, anaphylaxis
Cell-mediated cytolysis
Cytotoxic, cytolytic effect of antibodies
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In course of gastric endoscopy the biopsy material of mucous membrane was taken. Its histological examination revealed the following: mucous membrane is intact, thickened, edematic, hyperemic, with small droplike hemorrhages, coated with thick mucus. Name the form of acute gastritis:
Erosive
Purulent
Catarrhal
Necrotic
Fibrinous
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A patient was taken to the hospital with complaints of headache, high temperature, frequent stool, stomach pain with tenesmus. Doctor made a clinical diagnosis dysentery and sent the material (excrements) to the bacteriological laboratory for analysis. What diagnostic method should the laboratory doctor use to confirm or to disprove the clinical diagnosis?
Bacterioscopic
Biological
Bacteriological
Serological
Allergic
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Bacteriological examination of purulent discharges from urethra revealed some bacteries that had negative Gram’s stain, resembled of coffee corns, decomposed glucose and maltose up to acid. They were located in leukocutes. What disease do they cause?
Gonorrhea
Soft chancre
Pseudocholera
Syphilis
Venereal lymphogranulomatosis
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A patient in the oral surgery department has got purulent complication. Bacteriological analysis of the wound material found a culture that produces cyan pigment. What microorganism is the most probable causative agent?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Bacillus subtilis
Proteus vulgaris
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Sputum smears of a patient with chronic pulmonary disease were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen method and analyzed in the bacteriological laboratory. Microscopy revealed red bacillus. What property of tuberculosis myobacteria was found?
Acid resistance
Alcohol resistance
Spore-formation
Encapsulation
Alkali resistance
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A 7 year old girl was taken to an infectious diseases hospital. She had complaints of high temperature, sore throat, general weakness. A doctor assumed dyphteria. What will be crucial proof of diagnosis after defining pure culture of pathogenic organism?
Cystinase test
Hemolytic ability of pathogenic orhani-sm
Toxigenity test
Detection of volutine granules
Phagolysability
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Immune-enzyme reaction revealed in blood serum HBs-antigene. What disease is this antigene associated with?
Viral hepatitis type B
Viral hepatitis type A
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
AIDS
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Professional dentists belong to the risk group concerning professional infection with viral hepatitis type B. Name an effective method for active prevention of this disease among the dentists:
Vaccination with recombinant vaccine
Introduction of specific immunoglobuline
Secure sterilization of medical instruments
Introduction of interferonogenes
Working with gum gloves on
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Microscopic analysis of tissue sampling from affected area of mucous membrane of oral cavity revealed bacillus in form of accumulations that looked like a pack of cigarettes. Ziehl-Neelsen staining gives them red colour. What kind of pathogenic organism was most likely revealed in tissue sampling?
A.israilii
M.leprae
M.tuberculosis
A.bovis
M.avium
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A patient with clinical presentations of primary immunodeficiency displays disturbance of antigen-presenting function by immunocompetent cells. What cells may have structure defect?
B-lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes
0- lymphocytes
Macrophages, monocytes
Fibroblasts
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A doctor examined a patient with recurrent aphthous stomatitis with concominant candidosis and decided to eliminate a possibility of HIV-infection. What examination can help to clear the situation up and make a provisional diagnosis?
Immune-enzyme analysis
Gel precipitation reaction
Reaction of hemagglutination inhibition
Phase-contrasr microscopy
Reaction of hemagglutination
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On the territory of a certain region the mass death of rodents was observed. It was assumed that it may be caused by plague agent. What serological reaction should be applied for quick determination of antigene of this epizootic agent?
Bordet-Gengou test
Neutralization reaction
Precipitation reaction
Agglutination reaction
Reaction of passive hemagglutination
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A 10 year old child was subjected to Mantoux test (with tuberculine). 48 hours later a papule up to 8 mm in diameter appeared on the site of tuberculine injection. What type of hyperesponsiveness reaction has developed after tuberculine injection?
Reaction of serum sickness type
Hyperresponsiveness reaction type IV
Atopic reaction
Hyperresponsiveness reaction type II
Reaction of Arthus phenomenon type
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During many infectious diseases patient’s blood may contain antigenes of pathogens. What reaction should be applied provided that antigenemia is at a low level?
Reaction of latex-agglutination
Immunoelectrophoresis
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Reaction of indirect hemagglutination
Agglutination reaction
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A 58 year old patient was being prepared to cholecystectomy operation. Drug complex of narcosis pemedicati-on included benzohexamethonium. What part does this medication play in the narcosis?
Increase of retrograde amnesia
Reduction of excitement stage
Functional blockade of visceral reflexes
Relaxation of skeletal muscles
Relaxation of smooth muscles
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In an excitable cell the ion channells were blocked. It hasn’t changed essentially the value of rest potential, but the cell lost its ability to generate AP (action potential). What channels were blocked?
Natrium
Potassium
Natrium and potassium
Chloric
Calcium
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A 25 year old patient had in the dentist’s room a sudden attack of bronchial asthma. The doctor gave him salbutamol in the form of inhalation. What is the mechanism of action of this preparation?
Blocks Hi-histamine receptors
Stimulates 3v-adrenoreceptors
Stimulates ^-adrenoreceptors
Blocks M-cholinergic receptors
Blocks phosphodiesterase
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A 30 year old patient who was taken to the hospital with diagnosis acute glomerulonephritis has proteinuria. What disorder caused this occurance?
Decreased number of functioning nephrons
Decreased oncotic pressure of blood plasma
Increased permeability of renal filter
Delayed excretion of nitrogen metabolism products
Increase of hydrostatic blood pressure in capillaries
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During the ether narcosis a patient had evident bradycardia with threat of cardiac arrest. What medication should be used to accelerate heartbeat under condition of narcosis that shouldn’t be interrupted?
Caffeine
Atropine
Isadrine
Camphor
Adrenaline
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A patient with stomatitis was prescribed a medication of sulfanamide group. What is the mechanism of its antibacterial effect?
Protein coagulation
Synthesis disturbance of cell membrane proteins
Competitive antagonism with para-aminobenzoic acid
Decrease of membrane permeability
Inhibition of sulfhydric groups of thiol enzymes
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While the examination of patient’s oral cavity the dentist found xerostomia, numerous erosions. What vitamin deficit caused this effect?
Vitamin P
Vitamin A
Vitamin H
Vitamin PP
Vitamin K
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An unconscious patient was admitted to the hospital. Objectively: cold skin, miotic pupils, heavy breathing, Chaine-Stokes’ periodicity, low arterial pressure, overfull urinary bladder. What caused the poisoning?
Narcotic analgetics
-
Nonnarcotic analgetics
Muscarinic receptor blockers
Tranquilizers
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A 30 year old patient consulted a doctor about having diarrhea and stomach aches for 5 days, temperature rise up to 37,50C with chills. The day before the patient was in a forest and drank some water from an open pond. He was diagnosed with amebic dysentery that was bacteriologically confirmed. Name the medication for treatment of this disease:
Furasolidone
Metronidazole
Chloramphenicol
Emethine hydrochloride
Phthalazole
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A surgeon cleansed his hands with 70% solution of ethyl alcochol before an operation. What is the main mechanism of preparation’s antiseptic effect upon microorganisms?
Dehydratation of protoplasm proteins
Interaction with aminogroups of protoplasm proteins
Interaction with hydroxyl enzyme groups
Oxidation of organic protoplasm components
Blockade of sulfhydric groups of enzyme systems
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Formaldehyde solution was applied for desinfection of nonmetallic instruments of surgical department. What chemical series does this antiseptic preparation belong to?
Aliphatic series
Aromatic series
Detergents
Alcochols
Halogenated compaunds
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A patient with acute condition of duodenal ulcer was admitted to the hospital. Gastric juice analysis has shown increase of secretory and acid-producing function of stomach. Choose a medication that will reduce secretory function due to blockade of H2-receptors:
Platyphyllin
Beladonna bell extraction
Methacin
Ranitidine
Atropine
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A stomatologists examined first-grade pupils and revealed that one of children had yellowish brown teeth, two of them were split. Heretofore the pupil was treated with 'some pills' on account of pneumonia. What medication could have had such a negative effect upon teeth?
Ampicillin
Erythromycin
Biseptol
Doxycycline
Oxacillin
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Далі ›
In course of an experiment the peripheral fragment of a cut vagus nerve on the dog’s neck was being stimulated. There was the following change of cardiac activity:
Increase of myocardium excitability
Decrease of beat frequency
Increased speed of excitement conduction through myocardium
Increase of beat frequency and force
Increase of beat force
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Далі ›
Name the drug group that can reduce need of myocardium for oxygene, decrease force of heartbeat and inhibit li-polysis:
Sympatholytics
^-adrenoceptor agonists
^-adrenoceptor blockers
3-adrenoceptor blockers
Selective 3-adrenoceptor agonists
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Далі ›
A patient with thyreotoxicosis was prescribed a medication that inhibits enzyme systems taking part in synthesis of thyroid gland hormones. What medication is it?
Potassium iodide
Radioactive iodine
Thyreoidine
Mercazolile
Diiodotyrosine
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Далі ›
A patient with tuberculosis was prescribed a certain medication as a part of complex therapy derivative of isonicotinic acid hydrazide. Name this preparation:
Cephaloridine
Rifampicin
Streptomycin sulfate
Isoniazide
Kanamycin
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Далі ›
After a surgical procedure a patient has got an enteroparesis. What anticholinesterase medication should be prescribed in this case?
Acetylcholine
Aceclidine
Proserin
Carbacholine
Pilocarpine
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Далі ›
A patient has a slowly healing fracture. What medcine can be used to accelerate formation of connective tissue matrix?
Methyluracil
Methotrexate
Cyclophosphan
Cyclosporine
Prednisolone
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Далі ›
Removal of a foreign body from patient’s eye involves local anesthesia with lidocaine. What is the action mechanism of this medication?
It reduces passage of neuromediators
It inhibits cytochrome oxidase activity
It blocks passing of nitric oxide
It reduces dehydrogenase activity
It disturbs passing of Na+ through the membrane
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Далі ›
A patient with myocardium infarction was prescribed an analgetic in order to stop pain syndrome. The patient felt better but overdose caused weakness, myosis, respiratory depression. What medication was prescribed?
Sedalgine
Morphine
Ibuprofen
Paracetamol
Baralgine
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Далі ›
A patient complains of painful cracks in mouth angles. What sulfanilamide can be recommended for local treatment of angular stomatitis?
Butadione ointment
Synthomycine liniment
Tetracycline ointment
Streptocide liniment
Prednisolone ointment
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Далі ›
What antihelmintic medication is used for stimulation of immune system in case of chronic generalized periodontitis?
Pyranthel
Piperidine adipinate
Levamisole
Pumpkin seeds
Chloxil
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Далі ›
A patient has acute cardiac insufficiency resulting from essential hypertension. What medication will be the most appropriate in this case?
Caffeine
Cardiovalen
Cordiamin
Digoxin
Corglycone
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Далі ›
A patient was operated on account of abdominal injury with application of tubocurarin. At the end of operation, after the respiration had been restored, the patient got injection of gentamicin. It caused a sudden respiratory standstill and relaxation of skeletal muscles. What effect underlies this phenomenon?
Antagonism
Sensitization
Habituation
Potentiation
Cumulation
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Далі ›
A patient has an acute painfullness of face skin. What nerve is damaged?
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Facial
Trifacial
Oculomotor
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Далі ›
A 3 year old child was admitted to the hospital with otitis. Pus is probable to spread from the tympanic cavity. Where can the pus get into?
Into internal ear
Into mastoid antrum
Into posterior cranial fossa
Into auditory tube
Into external acoustic duct
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Далі ›
A patient had his tooth extracted. The lingual surface of this tooth was smaller than the buccal one. Masti-catoty surface has oval form. Deep transverse sulcus separates buccal and lingual tubercles. The root is strongly compressed in mesio-distal direction and has longitudinal sulci on its aproximal surfaces, it is bifurcated. What tooth was extracted?
Upper canine
Lower canine
First lower premolar
First upper premolar
Second upper premolar
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Далі ›
Examination of a 16 year old boy revealed enlarged submandibular and cervical lymph nodes. The boy was subjected to biopsy. Microscopic examination of lymph nodes revealed: typical structure is obliterated, cell population is heterogenous, there are big cells with multilobe nuclei, multiple big mononuclear cells, eosinophilic and neutrophilic leukocytes, lymphocytes, besides that, there are necrotic areas and foci of sclerosis. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Suppurative lymphadenitis
Granulomatous lymphadenitis
lymphogranulomatosis
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Lymph node hyperplasia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with streptococcal gingival infection was prescribed a medication that contains beta lactam ring in its structure. What preparation belongs to this group?
Erythromycin
Chloramphenicol
Benzylpenicillin
Streptomicin sulfate
Rifampicin
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Далі ›
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