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Microscopic analysis of human heart cells revealed some oval oganellas, their tunic being formed by two membranes: the external one is smooth, and the internal one forms crista. Biochemical analysis determined the presence of ATP-synthetase enzyme. What organellas were analysed?
Ribosomes
Mitochondrions
Centrosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosomes
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A woman with ischemic heard disease has been taking an antianginal medication that has the following properties: dilates coronary arteries, peripheral vessels (arterial and venous), reduces the need of myocardium in oxygen, improves endocardial blood circulation. Name this preparation:
Nitroglycerin
Papaverine
Aminophylline
Dibasol
Validol
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In the vermiform appendix there was found a white helminth, 40 mm long with thin filiform forward end. Ecscrements contained oval eggs with plugs at the poles. Determine the kind of helminth:
Hookworm
Ascarid
Threadworm
Whipworm
Seatworm
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Medical examination of some youths revealed in their axillary regions grey insects 1,0-1,5 mm large, with short broad body covered with hair. What insects were revealed?
Itch mite
Flea
Head louse
Bed bug
Pubic louse
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There are trisome, translocational and mosaic forms of Down’s Syndrome. What method of human genetics can be applied to differentiate the said forms of Down’s syndrome?
Genealogical
Cytogenetical
Gemellary
Population-statistical
Biochemical
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Very big teeth is an Y-linked sign. Mother’s teeth are of normal size, and her son’s teeth are very big. Probability of father’s having very large teeth is:
75 %
100%
50 %
12,5%
25 %
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An 8 month old child has non-closed palate, a number of eye defects, microcephaly, disorder of cardiovascular system. Cytogenetic analysis revealed 47 chromosomes with an additional 13th chromosome. What diagnosis can be made on the basis of clinical observations and cytogenetic examinations?
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Down’s syndrome
Cat cry syndrome
Edwards’ syndrome
Patau’s syndrome
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A patient with suspected liver abscess was admitted to the surgical department. The patient had been staying for a long time on business in one of african countries and fell repeatedly ill with acute gastrointestinal disorders. What protozoal disease may the patient be now ill with?
Amebiasis
Toxoplasmosis
Malaria
Leishmaniasis
Trypanosomosis
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Examination of a 7 year old child revealed the following symptoms: small height, broad roundish face, closely placed eyes with narrow palpebral fissures, half-open mouth. Valvular defect has been also diagnosed. These clinical presentations are most likely typical for Down’s syndrome. Name the cause of such pathology:
Nondisjunction of sexual chromosomes
X-chromosome trisonomy
Trisomy of the 21 chromosome
Trisomy of the 13 chromosome
Partial monosomy
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A group of students has representati- ves of different races. One of the students has straight black hair and overhanging skin fold of superior eyelid - epi-canthus. What race does this student most probably represent?
Europeoid
Ethiopian
Australoid
Mongoloid
Negroid
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Examination of a pregnant woman who has been taking alcohol revealed di-turbed anlage of ectoderma during the fetal life. What derivatives of this leaf have defects?
Bowels epithelium
Liver
Kidneys
Neural tube
Sexual glands
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In a genetical laboratory in course of work with DNA molecules of white rats of Wistar’s line a nucleotide was substituted for another one. At that only one amino acid was substituded in the peptide. This result is caused by the following mutation:
Duplication
Displacement of reading frame
Translocation
Deletion
Transversion
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Father bought some pork at the market. What disease may catch members of his family provided that this meat didn’t pass the veterinary control?
Pork tapeworm infection
Echinococcosis
Hymenolepiasis
Beef tapeworm infection
Liver fluke infection
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During the postsynthetic period of mitotic cycle the synthesis of tubulin proteins was disturbed. These proteins take part in construction of division spindle. It can lead to the disturbance of:
Chromosomes’ disjunction
Cytokinesis
Spiralization of chromosomes
Mitosis duration
Despiralization of chromosomes
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A newborn child has microcephalia. Doctors consider that this is the result of mother’s taking actinomycin D during the pregnancy. What embryonal leaf was influenced by this teratogen?
All leaves
Ectoderma
Mesoderma
Entoderma
Entoderma and mesoderma
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It is known that the information about amino acids sequence in a protein molecule is coded in form of a sequence of four nucleotide types in a DNA molecule, different aminoacids being coded with different quantity of triplets - from one to six. How is such peculiarity of genetic code called?
Degeneracy
Triplety
Nonoverlayability
Specificity
Versatility
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There is a 9 year old boy in endocrinological department, who has already had a few fractures of extremeties caused by fragility of bones. Malfunction of what endocrinous glands (gland) takes place?
Thyroid gland
Adrenal glands
Parathyroid glands
Epiphysis
Thymus
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To approach the thyroid gland from the transverse (collar) approach the suprasternal fascial space must be opened. What anatomical formation located in this space is dangerous to damage?
Lymph nodes
Carotid artery
Subclavian artery
Venous jugular arch
Internal jugular vein
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A 24 year old patient consulted a doctor about pain below the lower jaw to the right of it. Dental surgeon found a stone in the submandibular gland. While removing it he prevented bleeding from the following artery:
A.submentalis
A.lingualis
A.labialis inferior
A.facialis
A.alveolaris inferior
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A 28 year old man with cut wound of frontal skin was admitted to the hospital. A vessel that supplies blood to the frontal part of head was ligated in order to stop bleeding. What vessel was ligated?
A.infraorbitalis
A.dorsalis nasi
A.supraorbitalis
A.temporalis superf icialis
A.angularis
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A patient complains of headache, heavy breathing. X-ray examination confirmed the diagnosis frontitis. What nasal meatus may contain purulent discharge?
Inferior
Common
Superior
Middle
Above the superior nasal concha
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A 28 year old patient was diagnosed with acute inflammation of mucous membrane of nasolacrimal duct. It is known from the anamnesis that he had been having nasal discharges for 10 days after recovering from influenza. From what part of nasal cavity could the infection penetrate into nasolacrimal duct?
Frontal sinus
Middle nasal meatus
Vestibule of nose
Inferior nasal meatus
Superior nasal meatus
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An eye trauma caused soft tissues infection of eye-socket. Through what anatomical formation can the infection penetrate into the middle cranial fossa?
Through the superior orbital fissure
Through the anterior ethmoidal foramen
Through the inferior orbital fissure
Through the posterior ethmoidal foramen
Through the zygomatic orbital foramen
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When a patient puts his tongue out the tip of it deflects to the left. Motor innervation of what cranial nerve is disturbed in this case?
N.facialis sinister
N.hypoglossus dexter
N.trigeminus sinister
N.glossopharyngeus dexter
N.vagus dexter
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A mother consulted the doctor about her one year old child, who has got six teeth come out. How many teeth should the child of such age have?
10
8
12
7
6
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Trauma of occipital region of head resulted in crack fracture in the region of transverse sinus. What part of occipital bone is damaged?
Right lateral
Squama
Proximal
Condyle
Left lateral
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A surgeon is going to take lympha from patient’s thoracic duct in the point of its flowing into venous channel. Where exactly a cannula should be inserted?
Point of formation of portal vein
Point of formation of superior vena cava
Right venous angle
Left venous angle
Point of formation of inferior vena cava
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A 69 year old patient has got an abscess of frontal lobe as a result of purulent infection in nasal cavity. What anatomical formation did the infection penetrate through?
Foramen ethmoidalae posterior
Foramen ovale
Foraminae cribrosae
Foramen sphenopalatinum
Foramen rotundum
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A patient displays abnormal retrodeviation of his lower jaw as a result of trauma in the region of mandibular coronal process. What muscle is most likely to be damaged?
M.temporalis
M.masseter
M.pterygoideus lateralis
M.pterygoideus medialis
M.levator anguli oris
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A patient has disorder of tear flow after a cold. What autonomic ganglion had been most damaged?
Submandibular
Pterygopalatine
Ciliated
Sublingual
Aural
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A 58 year old woman had her uterus and all appendages completely removed. It resulted in stoppage of urine excretion. Cystoscopy results: bladder doesn’t contain any urine, urine doesn’t come also from ureteric orifices. What part of urinary excretion system was damaged during the operation?
Ureter
Ren
Uretra
Pelvis renalis
Vesica urinaria
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Examination of a 32 year old patient revealed disproportional skeleton size, enlargement of superciliary arches, nose, lips, tongue, jaw bones, feet. What gland’s function was disturbed?
Thyroid
Suprarenal
Hypophysis
Epiphysis
Pancreas
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A patient suffers from middle ear inflammation (otitis). He complains also of disordered test sensation in the anterior tongue part. What nerve is damaged?
N.facialis
N.vagus
N.glossopharyngeus
N.vestibulo — cochlearis
N.trigeminus
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A surgeon should reach the omental bursa to perform an operation on abdominal cavity. How can he reach this part of peritoneal cavity without affecting the integrity of lesser omentum?
Through the epiploic foramen
Through the right mesenteric sinus
Through the left mesenteric sinus
Through the right paracolic sulcus
Through the left paracolic sulcus
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A 5 year old child suffers from the neck deformity. Clinical examination revealed such symptoms: apparent flexion of head to the left, his face is turned right, passive movements of the head to the right are restricted. What muscle’s development was disturbed in this case?
Trapezius
Splenius muscle of head
Long muscle of head
Sternocleidomastoid
Sternosublingual
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A patient has difficulties with jaw joining when he is chewing. There is partial atrophy of masticatory muscles situated below the zygomatic arch. What nerve branches do these muscles innervate?
Nn.alveolares superiores
N.alveolaris inferior
N.mandibularis
N.infraorbitalis
N.maxillaris
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A boxer who got a punch in the region of temporomandibular joint has a traumatic dislocation of mandible. Displacement of what articular surfaces will overstep the limits of physiological norm?
Head of mandible and submandibular fossa
Coronoid process and submandibular fossa
Head of mandible and mandibular fossa
Coronoid process and pterygoid fossa
Neck of mandible and submandibular fossa
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A patient’s middle ear inflammation was complicated by mastoiditis. There was a threat of purulent thrombosis of the nearest venous sinus. What sinus was under the threat?
Superior saggital
Sigmoid
Transverse
Rectus
Inferior petrosal
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On examination of a road accident victim a doctor revealed left clavicle fracture and disturbed blood circulation in an extremity (no pulsing of radial artery). What cause of blood circulation disturbance is the most probable?
Compression of subclavian vein
Compression of subclavian artery
Compression of vertebral artery
Compression of axillary vein
Compression of axillary artery
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A 60 year old patient has problems with formation and moving of food mass, it disturbs eating process. His tongue is stiff, speaking is impossible. What nerve is damaged?
VII
V
XII
XI
IX
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A woman in grave condition was admitted to a hospital with the diagnosis of the hemorrhagic stroke in the region of frontal part of the right cerebral hemisphere. The damage of what artery most likely caused this condition?
A.cerebri anterior
A.communicans anterior
A .communicans posterior
A.cerebri media
A.cerebri posterior
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A 17 year old student pressed out a pustule in the medial angle of eye. In 2 days she was taken to the institute of neurosurgery with thrombosis of cavernous sinus. Through what vein did the infection get into this sinus?
V.diploicae frontalis
V.transversa faciei
V.maxillaris
V.angularis
V.profunda faciei
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A 35 year old patient came to the admission department with complaints of pain and edema in the region of floor of oral cavity. After examination he was diagnosed with inflammation in the region of excretory duct of submandibular gland. Where does this duct open into?
Caruncula sublingualis
Recesus gingivalis
Plica fimbriata
Foramen caecum linguae
Vestibulum oris
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Examination of a patient who was exposed to the ionizing radiation revealed damage of wight pulp. What cells of white pulp undergo pathological changes?
Monocytes
Tissue basophils
Basophilic leukocytes
Neutrophilic leukocytes
Lymphocytes
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A patient had a trauma that led to the injury of front spinal roots. Denote the damaged structures:
Axons of motoneurons
Peripheral processes of spinal ganglion neurons
Axons of motoneurons and lateral horn neurons
Central processes of spinal ganglion neurons
Axons of lateral horn neurons
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A patient with an acute rhinitis has hyperemia and excessive mucus formation in nasal cavity. What epithelial cells of mucous membrane have the intensified activity?
Endocrine cells
Ciliated cells
Basal cells
Microvillous cells
Goblet cells
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As a result of head trauma a 32 year old man has damaged ampullas of semicircular ducts. What stimuli perception will be disturbed?
Vibration
Gravitation
Vibration and gravitation
Linear acceleration
Angular acceleration
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Morphological examination revealed in histological specimen of biopsy material an irregularshaped vessel. Its middle membrane is formed by bundles of smooth myocytes and layers of connective tissue. What type of vessel is it?
Venule
Lymphatic vessel
Vein of muscular type
Arteriole
Artery uf muscular type
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An electronic micrograph presents a cell that has no nucleole and nuclear membrane. Chromosomes has free position, centrioles migrate to the poles. What phase of cell cycle is it typical for?
Anaphase
Telophase
Prophase
Interphase
Metaphase
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The symptoms of regeneration process (callus) on the place of fracture were revealed in the histologic specimen of tubular bone. What tissue forms this structure?
Reticular tissue
Epithelial tissue
Loose connective tissue
Lamellar bone tissue
Fibrous bone tissue
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A chemical burn of esophagus caused it’s local constriction as a result of scar formation. What cells of loose connective tissue take part in scar formation?
Fibroclasts
Immature nonspecialized fibroblasts
Mature specialized fibroblasts
Fibrocytes
Miofibroblasts
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A woman has hyperemic ovary, increased permeability of hematofolli-cular barrier with the following development of edema, infiltration of follicle wall by segmentonuclear leukocytes. The follicle volume is large, its wall is thinned. What period of sexual cycle do these presentations correspond with?
Postmenstrual period
Ovulation
Menstrual period
Period of relative rest
Preovulatory stage
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Premature infants have syndrom of respiratory failure. Failure of what aerohematic barriere component underlies this pathology?
Surfactant
Alveolocytes
Basal membrane of alveolocytes
Capillary endothelium
Basal membrane of endothelium
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Histological examination in the area of neck of fundus gland reveals small cells that have high nuclear-cytoplasmatic ratio and basophilic cytoplasm. Name the function of these cells:
Pepsinogen secretion
Protective
Regeneration of glandular epithelium
Endocrine
Secretion of chlorine ions
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Histological examination of trasverse enamel slice revealed linear banding in form of concentric circles that is pointing at an angle to the dentinoenamel junction. Name these structures:
Enamel fascicles
Retsius’ lines
Hunter-Schreger’s lines
Enamel plates
Enamel spindles
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Retrospective diagnostics of old bacillary dysentery required serologic examination of blood serum in order to determine blood titer to the shigells. What reaction should be applied for this purpose?
Bacteriolysis reaction
Bordet-Gengou test
Hemolysis reaction
Reaction of passive hemagglutination
Precipitation reaction
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Microspecimen of a child’s finger skin reveals subnormal development of epidermis. What embryonic leaf was damaged in course of development?
Mesoderm
Ectomesenchyma
Mesenchyma
Ectoderm
Entoderm
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The influence of negative factors upon an organism results in the thymus change that is accompanied by mass loss of thymocytes, their drive out to the peripheral organs, proliferation of epitheli-oreticulocytes. How is this phenomemon called?
Thymus hypotrophy
Accidental thymus involution
Thymus distrophy
Thymus atrophy
Age thymus involition
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Histological specimen of an oral cavity organ shows that anterior surface is lined with multilayer flat non-keratinizing epithelium and posterior surface - with multirow ciliated epithelium. What organ is it?
Gum
Lip
Cheek
Soft palate
Hard palate
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In course of embryogenesis maxillary and mandibular processes grew together with a delay. What development anomalies should be expected in this case?
Gothic palate
Microstomia
Macrostomia
Cleft palate
Cleft of superior lip
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Examination of a 42 year old patient who suffers from parodontosis revealed roundish calcified formations 2-3 mm in diameter in coronal pulp. Name these formatioms:
Intertubular dentin
Interglobular spaces
Denticles
Sclerosed (transparent) dentin
Dead dentin
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Electron micrograph of a kidney fragment presents an afferent arteriole with big cells under endothelium. These cells contain secretory granules. Name this type of cells:
Mesangial
Smooth muscular
Interstitial
Juxtaglomerular
Juxtavascular
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A child damaged the lateral surface of his tongue. What lingual papillas are most likely to be damged?
Filiform
Foliate
Conic
Fungiform
Vallate
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By producing a number of hormones placenta plays a part of temporary endocrine gland. What hormone may be detected in woman’s blood on the third or the forth day after begin of implantation, that is used in medicine for early pregnancy detection?
Chorionic gonadotropin
Somatostatin
Progesterone
Vasopressin
Oxytocin
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In a histological specimen of adrenal cortex there are petite polygonal cells that form roundish clusters and contain some lipidic inclusions. What part of adrenal is presented in this histological specimen?
Glomerular zone
Reticular zone
Fasciolar zone
-
Intermedial zone
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Implantation process has two stages: adhesion and invasion. Morphological manifestation of blastocyte adhesion is:
Formation of lacunes
Attachment of blastocyte to the endometrium
Destruction of endometrium vessels
Destruction of endometrium epithelium
Destruction of connective tissue of endometrium
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While a 24 year old woman was waiting for tooth extraction, tonus of sympathetic part of autonomic nervous system rose. What reaction will the patient display?
Hypersecretion of digestive juices
Miotic pupils
Bronchus constriction
Increased frequency of heartbeat
Hyperperistalsis
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If a mountain-climber stays in the mountains for a long time, quantity of erythrocytes increases from 5,0 • l012/l to 6,0 • 1012/l. What causes stimulation of erythropoesis?
Increase of p O2 in arterial blood
Increase of p O2 in cells
Decrease of p O2 in arterial blood
Decrease of p O2 in venous blood
Increase of p O2 in venous blood
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An experimentator wants a dog to develop conditioned salivary reflex. What conditioned stimulus will be appropriate to use?
Moderately loud sound
Zwieback
Electric current
Very loud sound
Meat
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A man has trauma of greater pectoral muscle. What index’ decrease will it cause?
Expiratory reserve volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
Respiratory volume
Functional residual lung capacity
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A month after surgical constriction of rabbit’s renal artery the considerable increase of systematic arterial pressure was observed. What of the following regulation mechanisms caused the animal’s pressure change?
Angiotensin-II
Serotonin
Vasopressin
Noradrenaline
Adrenaline
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Rate of excitement conduction was studied on different sites of an isolated heart. Where was the lowest rate registered?
In Purkinje’s fibers
In His’ bundle
In atria’s myocardium
In atrioventricular node
In ventricle’s myocardium
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While passing an exam a student gets dry mouth. It is caused by realization of such reflexes:
Conditioned parasympathetic
Conditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned sympathetic and parasympathetic
Unconditioned parasympathetic
Conditioned and unconditioned sympathetic
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A patient has been taking glucocorticoids for a long time. Drug withdrowal caused acute attack of his disease, blood pressure reduction, weakness. What are these occurences connected with?
Adrenal glands insufficiency
Sensibilisation
Cumulation
Hyperproduction of corticotroph hormone
Drug habituation
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A sportsman was examined after an intensive physical activity. The examination revealed disorder of movement coordination but the force of muscle contractions remained the same. It can be explained by retarded speed of excitement conduction through:
Efferent nerves
Afferent nerves
Neuromuscular synapses
Conduction tracts
Central synapses
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Cerebral hemorrhage caused serious disturbance of taste sensibility. What brain structure is most likely to be damged?
Amygdaloid body
Postcentral gyrus
Hippocampus
Substantia nigra
Hypothalamus
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A man lost consciousness in a car with running engine where he had been waiting for a friend for a long time. What hemoglobin compaund can be found in the blood of the patient?
Carboxyhemoglobin
Carbhemoglobin
Methemoglobin
Oxyhemoglobin
Deoxyhemoglobin
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A patient has the sudden decrease of Ca2+ content in blood. What hormone secretion will increase?
Parathormone
Aldosterone
Somatotropin
Thyrocalcitonin
Vasopressin
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It is required to set an experiment on an isolated excitable cell and to achieve increase of membrane rest potential (hyperpolarization). What ion channels should be activated to achieve such a result?
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Potassium and sodium
Sodium and calcium
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A man has considerable disorder of protein, fat and carbohydrate digestion. Reduced secretion of what digestive juice is the most probable cause of this phenomenon?
Bile
Gastric juice
Pancreatic juice
Saliva
Intestinal juice
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During phonocardiogram registration it was ascertained that the duration of the first heart sound twice exceeds the norm. It is most likely that patient has the following organ affected:
Cardiomyocytes of ventricles
Cardiomyocytes of atriums
Atrioventricular valves
Semilunar valves
Cardiomyocytes of heart atriums
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In the course of an experiment a nerve is being stimulated by electric impulses. It leads to excretion of some quantity of thick viscous saliva by sublingual and submandibular glands. What nerve is being stimulated?
N.trigeminus
N.glossopharyngeus
N.facialis
N.vagus
N.sympathicus
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A patient has hyperkaliemia and hyponatremia. Reduced secretion of what hormone may cause such changes?
Aldosterone
Cortosol
Natriuretic hormone
Parathormone
Vasopressin
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A man’s energy consumption is measured on an empty stomach, in lying position, under conditions of physical psychical rest, at comfortable temperature. At what time will the energy consuption be the lowest?
At 7-8 o’clock a.m.
At 3-4 o’clock a.m.
At 10-12 o’clock a.m.
At 5-6 o’clock p.m.
At 2-4 o’clock p.m.
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A patient complains of rapid fatigability. Objectively: he staggers and overbalances in the upright position with closed eyes. Skeleton muscular tonus is decreased. What brain structure is most likely to be damaged?
Cerebellum
Precentral gyrus of cerebrum cortex
Thalamus
Basal ganglions
Hypothalamus
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A patient with chronic glomerulonephritis has disorder of incretoty function of kidneys. What blood elements deficit will result from it?
Erythrocytes
Thrombocytes
Leukocytes and thrombocytes
Leukocytes
Erythrocytes and leukocytes
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In course of an experiment the peripheral segment of vagus nerve of an animal was stimulated. The following changes of heart activity were obseerved:
Icreased force of heartbeat
Increased conduction of excitement through myocardium
Increased excitability of myocardium
Increase of frequency and force of heartbeat
Reduced heart rate
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A patient has hypocalcemia. What hormone deficiency may be it’s cause?
Parathormone
Corticoliberin
Corticotropin
Thyrocalcitonin
Aldosterone
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ESR of a patient with pneumonia is 48 mm/h. What caused such changes?
Erythrocytosis
Hypogammaglobulinemia
Hypergammaglobulinemia
Hypoproteinemia
Hyperalbuminemia
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Examination of a child who hasn’t got fresh fruit and vegetables during winter revealed numerous subcutaneous hemorrhages, gingivitis, carious cavities in teeth. What vitamin combination should be prescribed in this case?
Riboflavin and nicotinamide
Thiamine and pyridoxine
Ascorbic acid and rutin
Calciferol and ascorbic acid
Folic acid and cobalamin
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A patient has increased permeability of blood-vessel walls, increased gingival hemorrhage, small punctate hematomas on his skin, falling of teeth. What disturbance of vitamun metabolism can account for these symptoms?
Hypovitaminosis C
Hypovitaminosis A
Hypervitaminosis C
Hypovitaminosis D
Hypervitaminosis D
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A patient with diabetes mellitus had an insuline injection. It caused loss of consciousness and convulsions. What was the result of biochemic blood analysis on glucose content?
10 mmole/l
2,5 mmole/l
3,3 mmole/l
8,0 mmole/l
5,5 mmole/l
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Examination of a 6 days old infant revealed phenyl pyruvate and phenyl acetate excess in his urine. What ami-noacid metabolism is disturbed in the child’s organism?
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Histidine
Arginine
Tryptophan
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A patient who is ill with scurvy displays disturbed processes of connective tissue formation that leads to loosening and falling of teeth. Disturbed activity of what enzyme causes these symptomps?
Lisilhydroxylase
Glycosiltransferase
Elastase
Procollagenpeptidase of N-terminal peptide
Procollagenpeptidase of C-terminal peptide
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A patient who suffers from chronic renal insufficiency fell ill with osteoporosis. Disturbed synthesis of what mineral metabolism’s regulator is the cause of osteoporosis?
Cortisol hydroxylation
Lysine hydroxylation
Formation of 1, 25(OH)2D3
Proline hydroxylation
Glutamate carboxylation
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Cyanide poisoning causes immediate death. What is the mechanism of cyanide effect at the molecular level?
They bind substrates of tricarboxylic acid cycle
They block succinate dehydrogenase
They inhibit cytochromoxidase
They inactivate oxygene
They inhibit cytochrome B
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A patient has the folowing changes: disorder of twilight vision, drying out of conjunctiva and cornea. Such disorders may be caused by deficiency of vitamin:
Vitamin D
Vitamin B12
Vitamin A
Vitamin B
Vitamin C
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What vitamin deficiency leads to both disorder of reproductive function and di-strophy of skeletal muscles?
Vitamin K
Vitamin E
Vitamin B1
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
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A child has disturbed enamel and dentine formation as a result of decreased content of calcium ions in his blood. What hormone deficiency may cause such changes?
Thyroxin
Parathormone
Somatotropin
Thyreocalcitonin
Triiodothyronine
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A chiled was diagnosed with acute renal failure. What biochemic saliva indices can confirm this diagnosis?
Reduction of alkaline phosphatase
Decreased level of phosphate
Increase of alpha amylase
Increase of immunoglobuline A
Increased level of rest nitrogen
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A child has disturbed processes of ossification and 'punctate' enamel. What microelement metabolism is disturbed?
Fluorine
Iron
Copper
Zinc
Chromium
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What substance makes saliva viscous and mucous, has protective function, protects mucous membrane of oral cavity from mechanical damage?
Kallikrein
Amylase
Mucin
Glucose
Lysozyme
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Parodontitis is accompanied by activation of proteolysis in parodentium tissues. Increase of what oral fluid’s component is the evidence of proteolysis activation?
Biogenic amines
Aminoacids
Organic acids
Glucose
Cholesterol
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Examination of an ill child’s blood revealed inherited hyperlipoproteinemia. Genetic defect of what enzyme synthesis causes this phenomenon?
Glycosidase
Hemsynthetase
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Lipoprotein lipase
Proteinase
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A 42 year old woman diagnosed with diabetes mellitus was admitted th the endocrinological department with complaints of thirst, excessive appetite. What pathological components are revealed in course of laboratory examination of the patient’s urine?
Blood
Protein, creatine
Protein, aminoacids
Bilirubin, urobilin
Glucose, ketone bodies
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A patient has increased content of uric acid in his blood that is clinically presented by pain syndrome as a result of urate deposition in the joints. What process does this acid result from?
Reutilization of purine bases
Heme catabolism
Lysis of purine nucleotides
Lysis of pyrimidine nucleotides
Proteolysis
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A non trained man has usually muscular hypoxy after a sprint. What metabolite accumulates in the muscles as a result of it?
Glucose 6-phosphate
Lactate
-
Ketone bodies
Oxaloacetate
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Myocyte cytoplasm contains a big number of dissolved metabolites of glucose oxidation. Name one of them that turns directly into lactate:
Oxaloacetate
Glycerophosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Pyruvate
Glucose 6-phosphate
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A patient is diagnosed with alkaptonuria. Name a defect enzyme that causes this pathology:
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Dioxyphenylalanine decarboxylase
Glutamate dehydrogenase
Oxydase of homogentisine acid
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Chronic overdosage of glucocorticoids leads to the development of hyperglycemia. What process of carbohydrate metabolism is responsible for this effect?
Glycogenesis
Aerobic glycolisis
Gluconeogenesis
Pentose-phosphate cycle
Glycogenolysis
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In compliance with the clinical presentations a man was prescribed pyri-doxalphosphate. What processes are corrected by this preparation?
Transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids
Desamination of purine nucleotides
Oxidative decarboxilation of keto acids
Synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases
Protein synthesis
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A 2 year old child suffers from intestinal dysbacteriosis that lead to the development hemorrhagic syndrome. The most probable cause of hemorrhage is:
Hypocalcemia
Fibrinogen deficiency
Activation of tissue thromboplastin
Hypovitaminosis PP
Vitamin K deficiency
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Toxic pulmonary edema was reproduced on a laboratory rat by means of ammonium chloride solution. What is the leading pathogenetic factor of this edema?
Decrease of colloid osmotic pressure
Increase of venous outflow
Increased permeability of capillars
Increase of lymph outflow
Disorder of neural and humoral regulation
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A 62 year old patient in grave comdition was admitted to the nerologi-cal department on account of cerebral hemorrhage. Objectively: hyperpnoe and rising of respiratory rate, then it falls to apnea, after that the cycle of respiratory movements restores. What respiratory type is it?
Gasping respiration
Biot’s respiration
Apneustic
Kussmaul’s respiration
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
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The body temperature of a patient with an infectious disease rises once in two days up to 39,5 — 40,50C and stays so for about an hour and then drops to the initial level. What type of fever is it?
Continued
Remittent
Atypical
Hectic
Intermittent
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A woman after labor lost 20 kg of body weight, her hair and teeth fall out, she has muscle atrophy (hypophysial cachexia). Synthesis of what hypophysis hormone is disturbed?
Somatotropic
Corticotrophic
Thyreotropic
Gonadotropic
Prolactin
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Poisoning with mercuric dichloride caused acute renal insufficiency that included 4 stages: 1) the initial one, 2) the stage of oligoanuria, 4) the stage of recovery. What is the third stage of acute renal insufficiency?
Pathochemic
Hemodynamic
Polyuretic
Ischemic
Metabolic
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A patient with pneumosclerosis has pulmonary hypertension and cardiac insuffisiency of right ventricle with ascites and edemata. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of edemata development?
Rise of hydrostatic blood pressure in veins
Reduction of oncotic blood pressure
-
Increased permeability of vessel walls
Rise of oncotic pressure of intracellular fluid
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A year after subtotal stomach resection on account of ulcer of lesser curvature the following blood changes were revealed: anemia, leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia, color index -1,3, megaloblasts and megalocytes. What factor deficiency caused the development of thos pathology?
Mucin
Castle’s factor
Gastrin
Pepsin
Hydrochloride acid
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A 45 year old patient was taken to the hospital by an emergency team with serious cranial trauma in shock condition. Objectively: unconscious, skin is pale, body t0- 35,00C, low muscular tonus, reflexes are absent, pulse is rapid and weak, AP- 50/30 mm Hg. What clinical shock stage is it?
Erectile stage
Terminal stage
Excitement stage
Torpid stage
Inhibition stage
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After traumatic tooth extraction a patient complains of a severe dull pain without accurate localization in his gum, body temperature rise up to 37,50C. He was diagnosed with alveolitis. What type of pain does the patient have?
Phantom
Protopathic
Epicritic
Referred
Visceral
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A 12 year old boy came home from school and started complaining of headache, sickness, chill, periodical muscle pain, appetite loss, flabbiness. What period of illness are these symptoms typical for?
High point of illness
Prodromal
End of illness
Incubative
Latent
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Rabbits lived on food with addition of cholesterol. Five months later the atherosclerotic aorta changes were revealed. Name the main cause of atherogenesis in this case:
Hypodynamia
Endogenous hypercholesterolemia
Overeating
-
Exogenous hypercholesterolemia
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A patient with primary nephrotic syndrome has the following content of whole protein: 40 g/l. What factor caused hypoproteinemia?
Transition of protein from vessels to tissues
Increased proteolysis
Proteinuria
Reduced protein synthesis in liver
Disturbance of intestinal protein absorption
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Laboratory rats that have been fed only with carbohydrate food for a long time display water accumulation in the tissues. What pathogenetic mechanism is the main cause of edema in this case?
Disregulatory
Hypooncotic
Membranogenic
Lymphogenic
Hyperosmolar
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A patient with adenoma of glomeral zone of adrenal cortex (Conn’s disease) has arterial hypertension, convulsions, polyuria. What is the main link in pathogenesis of these disorders?
Glucocorticoid hyposecretion
Catecholamine hypersecretion
Aldosterone hyposecretion
Aldosterone hypersecretion
Glucocorticoid hypersecretion
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A 30 year old man was exposed to irradiation with about 3 Gy. What blood change will be evident in 8 hours after irradiation?
Anemy
Lymphopenia
Granulocytopenia
Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia
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Four months ago a 43 year old patient had a traumatic amputation of his lower extrimity. Now he complains of sensing the amputated extremity and having constantly grave, sometimes unbearable pain in it. What type of pain does he have?
Phantom
Thalamic
Causalgia
Neuralgia
Reflex
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In crisis period a 14 year old child ill with diphtheria has AP- 70/50 mm Hg accompanied by abrupt fall in temperature and tachycardia. What form of vascular tone disturbance is it?
Acute hypotension
Vegetovascular dystonia
Essential arterial hypotension
-
Chronic hypotension
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A patient ill with jaundice has increased content of conjugated bilirubin and bile acids in blood, no stercobili-nogen in urine. What jaundice are these symptomps typical for?
Cythemolytic
Hemolytic
Obstructive
Hepatocellular
Hepatic
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A newborn child ill with pylorostenosis has frequent vomiting accompanied by apathy, weakness, muscular hypertonia, sometimes convulsions. What form of acid-base balance disorder has developed?
Excretory acidosis
Gaseous alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Gaseous acidosis
Nongaseous alkalosis
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A 19 year old patient was diagnosed with chronic acquired hemolytic anemia. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of this pathology’s development?
Intracellular hemolysis
Hyposmolarity of plasm
Toxic hemolysis
Osmotic hemolysis
Autoimmune hemolysis
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After recovering from epidemic parotiditis a patient began to lose weight, he was permanently thirsty, drank a lot of water, had frequent urination, voracious appetite. Now he has complaints of skin itch, weakness, furunculosis. His blood contains: glucose - 16 mmole/L, ketone bodies - 100 mcmole/L; glucosuria. What disease has developed?
Diabetes insipidus
Insulin-dependent diabetes
Insulin-independent diabetes
Malnutrition diabetes
Steroid diabetes
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A patient fell into the ice hole, was chilled in the wind and taken ill. Body temperature rised up to 39, 70C and fluctuated from 39,00C to 39,80C. Name the type of patient’s temperature profile:
Febris intermittens
Febris hectica
Febris remittens
Febris continua
Febris recurrens
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A patient with chronic myeloleukemia has presentations of anemy - decrease of erythrocyte number and hemoglobin content, oxyphil and polychromatophil normocytes, microcytes. What pathogenetic mechanism is the main for the development of this anemy?
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Intravascular erythrocyte hemolysis
Replacement of erythrocytic shoot
Chronic hemorrhage
Reduction of erythropoietin synthesis
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A diver who has been staying at the depth of 40 m for a long time fell ill with caisson disease as a result of decompression. The main pathogenetic factor is the following embolism:
Gaseous
Air
Paradoxical
Fat
Tissue
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Autopsy of a woman with cerebral atherosclerosis revealed in the left cerebral hemisphere a certain focus that is presented by flabby, anhistic, greyish and yellowish tissue with indistinct edges. What pathological process is the case?
Senile encephalopathy
Ischemic stroke
Focal encephalitis
Multifocal tumor growth with cystic degeneration
Multiple foci of fresh and old cerebral hemorrhage
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Histologic examination revealed a big number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in all layers of appendix; hyperemia, stases. What disease are these symptoms typical for?
Simple appendicitis
Superficial appendicitis
Phlegmonous appendicitis
Chronic appendicitis
Gangrenous appendicitis
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Opening of a patient’s abdominal cavity revealed for about 2,0 L of purulent fluid. Peritoneum is dull, greyish, serous tunic of intestines has grayish layers that can be easily removed. It is most likely to be:
Fibrinopurulent peritonitis
-
Serous peritonitis
Hemorrhagic peritonitis
Tuberculous peritonitis
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Tissue sample of soft palate arches that was taken because a tumor was suspected ( microscopic analysis revealed an ulcer with dense fundus) revealed mucous membrane necrosis, submucous layer was infiltrated by lymphocytes, epithelioid cells, plasmocytes, solitary neutrophils. There was also evident endovasculitis and perivasculitis. What desease are these changes typical for?
Vensan’s ulcerative-necrotic stomatitis
Faucial diphteria
Ulcerative stomatitis
Aphthous stomatitis
Primary syphilis
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Histological examination of thyroid gland of a man who died from cardiac insufficiency accompanied by hypothyroidism revealed diffuse infiltration of the gland by lymphocytes and plasmocytes with formation of lymphoid follicles, as well as atrophy of parenchyma and growth of connective tissue. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Adenoma of thyroid gland
Purulent thyroiditis
Thyrotoxic goiter
-
Autoimmune Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
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Post-mortem examination of a 5 year old boy who died from acute pulmonary and cardiac insufficiency revealed the following: serohemorrhagic tracheobronchitis with some necrotic areas of mucous membrane, multiple foci of hemorrhagic pneumonia in lungs. What disease is in question?
Measles
Croupous pneumonia
Scarlet fever
Influenza
Diphtheria
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Macroscopic examination of lung tissue revealed some areas of excessive airiness with small bubbles, histological examination registered thinning and rupture of alveolar septa and formation of big multiform cavities. What disease was revealed in the lung?
Pulmonary emphysema
Multiple bronchiectasis
Fibrosing alveolitis
Cavernous tuberculosis
Chronic bronchitis
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Examination of coronary arteries revealed atherosclerotic plaques with calcification that close tle lumen by 1/3. The muscle contains multiple small whitish layers of connective tissue. What process was revealed in myocardium?
Myocarditis
Tiger heart
Postinfarction cardiosclerosis
Diffuse cardiosclerosis
Myocardium infarction
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Microscopic analysis of tissue sampling from patient’s skin reveals granulomas that consist of epithelioid cells surrounded mostly by T-lymphocytes. Among epithelioid cells there are solitary giant multinuclear cells of Pirogov-Langhans type. In the centre of some granulomas there are areas of caseous necrosis. Blood vessels are absent. What disease are the described granulomas typical for?
Glanders
Tuberculosis
Leprosy
Rhinoscleroma
Syphilis
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Examination of a child who has recently recovered from measles revealed in the soft tissues of cheeks and perineum some inaccurate, edematic, red-and-black, slightly fluctuating areas. What complication is it?
Pressure sore
Trophic ulcer
Humid gangrene
Gas gangrene
Dry gangrene
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Examination of a patient who had been suffering from rheumatism for a long time revealed stenosis of mitral orifice, death was caused by cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency. Autopsy has shown brown induration of lungs. What type of circulation disturbance provokes such changes in lungs?
Chronic right ventricular insufficiency
Portal hypertension
Acute left ventricular insufficiency
Acute right ventricular insufficiency
Chronic left ventricular insufficiency
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On the 5th day of illness a 12 year old child who was treated in the infectious department on account of influenza felt severe headache, sickness, dizziness, got meningeal signs. The child died 24 hours later from increasing brain edema. Dissection of cranial cavity revealed that pia maters of brain are edematic, plethoric, saturated diffusively with bright red liquid. Convolutions and sulci of brain are flattened. What influenza complication is in question?
Venous hyperemia of brain membranes
Serous meningitis
Hemorrhagic meningitis
Cerebral hemorrhage
Suppurative leptomeningitis
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Morphological examination of carious cavity floor differenciated distinctly three zones: the one of softened dentin, transparent dentin and replacing dentin. What stage of caries are these changes typical for?
Deep caries
Superficial caries
Spot stage
Chronic caries
Median caries
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Mucous membrane of the right palatine tonsil has a painless ulcer with smooth lacquer fundus and accurate edges of cartlaginous consistency. Microscopically: inflammatory infiltrate that consists of lymphocytes, plasmocytes, a small number of neutrophils and epithelioid cells; endovasculistis and perivasculitis. What disease is in question?
Necrotic (Vincent’s) tonsillitis
Syphilis
Tuberculosis
Pharyngeal diphtheria
Actinomycosis
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A 22 year woman has enlarged lymphatic ganglions. Histological analysis of a ganglion revealed lymphocytes, histiocytes, reticular cells, small and great Hodgkin’s cells, multinuclear Reed-Sternberg cells, solitary foci of caseous necrosis. What disease are these changes typical for?
Cancer metastasis
Lymphosarcoma
Chronic leukemia
Acute leukemia
Lymphogranulematosis
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A 57 year old patient has periodic uterine bleedings. Diagnostic endometrectomy was performed. Biopsy material contains among the blood elements some glandular complexes of different sizes and forms that consist of atypic cells with hyperchromic nuclei and multiple mitoses (including pathological ones). What is the most probable diagnosis?
Glandular hyperplasia of endometrium
Chorioepithelioma
Endometritis
Adenocarcinoma
Fibromyoma of uterus
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Autopsy of a man who suffered from essential hypertension revealed a cavity with rustcoloured walls in the cerebral substunce. What preceded the appearance of these changes?
Ischemic infarction
Plasmorrhagias
Diapedetic hemorrhages
Abscess
Hematoma
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Autopsy of a man who died from ethylene glycol poisoning revealed that his kidneys are a little bit enlarged, edematic; their capsule can be easily removed. Cortical substance is broad and light-grey. Medullary substance is dark-red. What pathology had this man?
Acute tubular-interstitial nephritis
Acute pyelonephritis
Necrotic nephrosis
Lipoid nephrosis
Acute glomerulonephritis
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During the histologic lung analysis of a man who died from cardiac insufficiency the inflammation focuses were revealed. Alveoles were full of light-pink fluid, here and there with pinkish fibers that formed a close-meshed reticulum with a small number of lymphocytes. What type of exudate is present in lungs?
Serofibrinous
Serous
Fibrinous
Purulent
Hemorrhagic
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A 38 year old patient died during intractable attack of bronchial asthma. Histological examination revealed mucus accumulations in bronchi’s lumen, a lot of mast cells (labrocytes) in bronchi’s wall, some of these cells are degranulated, there are also many eosinophils. Name pathogenesis of these changes in bronchi:
Immune complex mechanism
Atopy, anaphylaxis
Cytotoxic, cytolytic effect of antibodies
Cell-mediated cytolysis
Granulematosis
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In course of gastric endoscopy the biopsy material of mucous membrane was taken. Its histological examination revealed the following: mucous membrane is intact, thickened, edematic, hyperemic, with small droplike hemorrhages, coated with thick mucus. Name the form of acute gastritis:
Catarrhal
Purulent
Erosive
Necrotic
Fibrinous
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A patient was taken to the hospital with complaints of headache, high temperature, frequent stool, stomach pain with tenesmus. Doctor made a clinical diagnosis dysentery and sent the material (excrements) to the bacteriological laboratory for analysis. What diagnostic method should the laboratory doctor use to confirm or to disprove the clinical diagnosis?
Bacteriological
Serological
Bacterioscopic
Biological
Allergic
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Bacteriological examination of purulent discharges from urethra revealed some bacteries that had negative Gram’s stain, resembled of coffee corns, decomposed glucose and maltose up to acid. They were located in leukocutes. What disease do they cause?
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Venereal lymphogranulomatosis
Pseudocholera
Soft chancre
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A patient in the oral surgery department has got purulent complication. Bacteriological analysis of the wound material found a culture that produces cyan pigment. What microorganism is the most probable causative agent?
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Bacillus subtilis
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus vulgaris
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Sputum smears of a patient with chronic pulmonary disease were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen method and analyzed in the bacteriological laboratory. Microscopy revealed red bacillus. What property of tuberculosis myobacteria was found?
Encapsulation
Alkali resistance
Acid resistance
Spore-formation
Alcohol resistance
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A 7 year old girl was taken to an infectious diseases hospital. She had complaints of high temperature, sore throat, general weakness. A doctor assumed dyphteria. What will be crucial proof of diagnosis after defining pure culture of pathogenic organism?
Phagolysability
Hemolytic ability of pathogenic orhani-sm
Detection of volutine granules
Cystinase test
Toxigenity test
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Immune-enzyme reaction revealed in blood serum HBs-antigene. What disease is this antigene associated with?
Tuberculosis
Viral hepatitis type A
Viral hepatitis type B
Syphilis
AIDS
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Professional dentists belong to the risk group concerning professional infection with viral hepatitis type B. Name an effective method for active prevention of this disease among the dentists:
Vaccination with recombinant vaccine
Introduction of specific immunoglobuline
Introduction of interferonogenes
Secure sterilization of medical instruments
Working with gum gloves on
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Microscopic analysis of tissue sampling from affected area of mucous membrane of oral cavity revealed bacillus in form of accumulations that looked like a pack of cigarettes. Ziehl-Neelsen staining gives them red colour. What kind of pathogenic organism was most likely revealed in tissue sampling?
M.tuberculosis
M.leprae
A.israilii
A.bovis
M.avium
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A patient with clinical presentations of primary immunodeficiency displays disturbance of antigen-presenting function by immunocompetent cells. What cells may have structure defect?
Macrophages, monocytes
0- lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes
Fibroblasts
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A doctor examined a patient with recurrent aphthous stomatitis with concominant candidosis and decided to eliminate a possibility of HIV-infection. What examination can help to clear the situation up and make a provisional diagnosis?
Reaction of hemagglutination
Immune-enzyme analysis
Phase-contrasr microscopy
Gel precipitation reaction
Reaction of hemagglutination inhibition
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On the territory of a certain region the mass death of rodents was observed. It was assumed that it may be caused by plague agent. What serological reaction should be applied for quick determination of antigene of this epizootic agent?
Agglutination reaction
Reaction of passive hemagglutination
Precipitation reaction
Bordet-Gengou test
Neutralization reaction
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A 10 year old child was subjected to Mantoux test (with tuberculine). 48 hours later a papule up to 8 mm in diameter appeared on the site of tuberculine injection. What type of hyperesponsiveness reaction has developed after tuberculine injection?
Hyperresponsiveness reaction type II
Atopic reaction
Reaction of Arthus phenomenon type
Reaction of serum sickness type
Hyperresponsiveness reaction type IV
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During many infectious diseases patient’s blood may contain antigenes of pathogens. What reaction should be applied provided that antigenemia is at a low level?
Reaction of indirect hemagglutination
Agglutination reaction
Reaction of latex-agglutination
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Immunoelectrophoresis
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A 58 year old patient was being prepared to cholecystectomy operation. Drug complex of narcosis pemedicati-on included benzohexamethonium. What part does this medication play in the narcosis?
Functional blockade of visceral reflexes
Increase of retrograde amnesia
Relaxation of skeletal muscles
Relaxation of smooth muscles
Reduction of excitement stage
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In an excitable cell the ion channells were blocked. It hasn’t changed essentially the value of rest potential, but the cell lost its ability to generate AP (action potential). What channels were blocked?
Natrium and potassium
Chloric
Calcium
Natrium
Potassium
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A 25 year old patient had in the dentist’s room a sudden attack of bronchial asthma. The doctor gave him salbutamol in the form of inhalation. What is the mechanism of action of this preparation?
Blocks phosphodiesterase
Stimulates ^-adrenoreceptors
Blocks Hi-histamine receptors
Stimulates 3v-adrenoreceptors
Blocks M-cholinergic receptors
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A 30 year old patient who was taken to the hospital with diagnosis acute glomerulonephritis has proteinuria. What disorder caused this occurance?
Decreased number of functioning nephrons
Delayed excretion of nitrogen metabolism products
Decreased oncotic pressure of blood plasma
Increased permeability of renal filter
Increase of hydrostatic blood pressure in capillaries
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During the ether narcosis a patient had evident bradycardia with threat of cardiac arrest. What medication should be used to accelerate heartbeat under condition of narcosis that shouldn’t be interrupted?
Camphor
Atropine
Adrenaline
Isadrine
Caffeine
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A patient with stomatitis was prescribed a medication of sulfanamide group. What is the mechanism of its antibacterial effect?
Protein coagulation
Inhibition of sulfhydric groups of thiol enzymes
Decrease of membrane permeability
Synthesis disturbance of cell membrane proteins
Competitive antagonism with para-aminobenzoic acid
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While the examination of patient’s oral cavity the dentist found xerostomia, numerous erosions. What vitamin deficit caused this effect?
Vitamin H
Vitamin P
Vitamin K
Vitamin A
Vitamin PP
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An unconscious patient was admitted to the hospital. Objectively: cold skin, miotic pupils, heavy breathing, Chaine-Stokes’ periodicity, low arterial pressure, overfull urinary bladder. What caused the poisoning?
Nonnarcotic analgetics
Tranquilizers
Narcotic analgetics
-
Muscarinic receptor blockers
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A 30 year old patient consulted a doctor about having diarrhea and stomach aches for 5 days, temperature rise up to 37,50C with chills. The day before the patient was in a forest and drank some water from an open pond. He was diagnosed with amebic dysentery that was bacteriologically confirmed. Name the medication for treatment of this disease:
Emethine hydrochloride
Phthalazole
Chloramphenicol
Furasolidone
Metronidazole
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A surgeon cleansed his hands with 70% solution of ethyl alcochol before an operation. What is the main mechanism of preparation’s antiseptic effect upon microorganisms?
Dehydratation of protoplasm proteins
Blockade of sulfhydric groups of enzyme systems
Interaction with hydroxyl enzyme groups
Interaction with aminogroups of protoplasm proteins
Oxidation of organic protoplasm components
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Formaldehyde solution was applied for desinfection of nonmetallic instruments of surgical department. What chemical series does this antiseptic preparation belong to?
Halogenated compaunds
Alcochols
Aliphatic series
Aromatic series
Detergents
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A patient with acute condition of duodenal ulcer was admitted to the hospital. Gastric juice analysis has shown increase of secretory and acid-producing function of stomach. Choose a medication that will reduce secretory function due to blockade of H2-receptors:
Ranitidine
Platyphyllin
Methacin
Atropine
Beladonna bell extraction
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A stomatologists examined first-grade pupils and revealed that one of children had yellowish brown teeth, two of them were split. Heretofore the pupil was treated with 'some pills' on account of pneumonia. What medication could have had such a negative effect upon teeth?
Erythromycin
Oxacillin
Doxycycline
Ampicillin
Biseptol
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Далі ›
In course of an experiment the peripheral fragment of a cut vagus nerve on the dog’s neck was being stimulated. There was the following change of cardiac activity:
Increase of myocardium excitability
Increased speed of excitement conduction through myocardium
Increase of beat frequency and force
Decrease of beat frequency
Increase of beat force
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Далі ›
Name the drug group that can reduce need of myocardium for oxygene, decrease force of heartbeat and inhibit li-polysis:
3-adrenoceptor blockers
Selective 3-adrenoceptor agonists
Sympatholytics
^-adrenoceptor blockers
^-adrenoceptor agonists
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Далі ›
A patient with thyreotoxicosis was prescribed a medication that inhibits enzyme systems taking part in synthesis of thyroid gland hormones. What medication is it?
Diiodotyrosine
Thyreoidine
Potassium iodide
Mercazolile
Radioactive iodine
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Далі ›
A patient with tuberculosis was prescribed a certain medication as a part of complex therapy derivative of isonicotinic acid hydrazide. Name this preparation:
Kanamycin
Cephaloridine
Rifampicin
Streptomycin sulfate
Isoniazide
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Далі ›
After a surgical procedure a patient has got an enteroparesis. What anticholinesterase medication should be prescribed in this case?
Pilocarpine
Proserin
Acetylcholine
Carbacholine
Aceclidine
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Далі ›
A patient has a slowly healing fracture. What medcine can be used to accelerate formation of connective tissue matrix?
Methotrexate
Cyclosporine
Prednisolone
Cyclophosphan
Methyluracil
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Далі ›
Removal of a foreign body from patient’s eye involves local anesthesia with lidocaine. What is the action mechanism of this medication?
It reduces passage of neuromediators
It reduces dehydrogenase activity
It blocks passing of nitric oxide
It inhibits cytochrome oxidase activity
It disturbs passing of Na+ through the membrane
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Далі ›
A patient with myocardium infarction was prescribed an analgetic in order to stop pain syndrome. The patient felt better but overdose caused weakness, myosis, respiratory depression. What medication was prescribed?
Paracetamol
Sedalgine
Morphine
Baralgine
Ibuprofen
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Далі ›
A patient complains of painful cracks in mouth angles. What sulfanilamide can be recommended for local treatment of angular stomatitis?
Prednisolone ointment
Tetracycline ointment
Synthomycine liniment
Streptocide liniment
Butadione ointment
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Далі ›
What antihelmintic medication is used for stimulation of immune system in case of chronic generalized periodontitis?
Pumpkin seeds
Chloxil
Levamisole
Piperidine adipinate
Pyranthel
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Далі ›
A patient has acute cardiac insufficiency resulting from essential hypertension. What medication will be the most appropriate in this case?
Cordiamin
Cardiovalen
Corglycone
Digoxin
Caffeine
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Далі ›
A patient was operated on account of abdominal injury with application of tubocurarin. At the end of operation, after the respiration had been restored, the patient got injection of gentamicin. It caused a sudden respiratory standstill and relaxation of skeletal muscles. What effect underlies this phenomenon?
Potentiation
Antagonism
Cumulation
Sensitization
Habituation
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Далі ›
A patient has an acute painfullness of face skin. What nerve is damaged?
Glossopharyngeal
Oculomotor
Trifacial
Vagus
Facial
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Далі ›
A 3 year old child was admitted to the hospital with otitis. Pus is probable to spread from the tympanic cavity. Where can the pus get into?
Into auditory tube
Into internal ear
Into posterior cranial fossa
Into mastoid antrum
Into external acoustic duct
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Далі ›
A patient had his tooth extracted. The lingual surface of this tooth was smaller than the buccal one. Masti-catoty surface has oval form. Deep transverse sulcus separates buccal and lingual tubercles. The root is strongly compressed in mesio-distal direction and has longitudinal sulci on its aproximal surfaces, it is bifurcated. What tooth was extracted?
Upper canine
Second upper premolar
First lower premolar
First upper premolar
Lower canine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 16 year old boy revealed enlarged submandibular and cervical lymph nodes. The boy was subjected to biopsy. Microscopic examination of lymph nodes revealed: typical structure is obliterated, cell population is heterogenous, there are big cells with multilobe nuclei, multiple big mononuclear cells, eosinophilic and neutrophilic leukocytes, lymphocytes, besides that, there are necrotic areas and foci of sclerosis. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Lymph node hyperplasia
Granulomatous lymphadenitis
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
lymphogranulomatosis
Suppurative lymphadenitis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with streptococcal gingival infection was prescribed a medication that contains beta lactam ring in its structure. What preparation belongs to this group?
Rifampicin
Erythromycin
Chloramphenicol
Benzylpenicillin
Streptomicin sulfate
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Далі ›
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