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Microscopic analysis of human heart cells revealed some oval oganellas, their tunic being formed by two membranes: the external one is smooth, and the internal one forms crista. Biochemical analysis determined the presence of ATP-synthetase enzyme. What organellas were analysed?
Mitochondrions
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Centrosomes
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A woman with ischemic heard disease has been taking an antianginal medication that has the following properties: dilates coronary arteries, peripheral vessels (arterial and venous), reduces the need of myocardium in oxygen, improves endocardial blood circulation. Name this preparation:
Papaverine
Aminophylline
Dibasol
Nitroglycerin
Validol
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In the vermiform appendix there was found a white helminth, 40 mm long with thin filiform forward end. Ecscrements contained oval eggs with plugs at the poles. Determine the kind of helminth:
Hookworm
Seatworm
Ascarid
Threadworm
Whipworm
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Medical examination of some youths revealed in their axillary regions grey insects 1,0-1,5 mm large, with short broad body covered with hair. What insects were revealed?
Flea
Pubic louse
Itch mite
Head louse
Bed bug
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There are trisome, translocational and mosaic forms of Down’s Syndrome. What method of human genetics can be applied to differentiate the said forms of Down’s syndrome?
Population-statistical
Biochemical
Cytogenetical
Genealogical
Gemellary
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Very big teeth is an Y-linked sign. Mother’s teeth are of normal size, and her son’s teeth are very big. Probability of father’s having very large teeth is:
50 %
25 %
100%
75 %
12,5%
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An 8 month old child has non-closed palate, a number of eye defects, microcephaly, disorder of cardiovascular system. Cytogenetic analysis revealed 47 chromosomes with an additional 13th chromosome. What diagnosis can be made on the basis of clinical observations and cytogenetic examinations?
Down’s syndrome
Patau’s syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Cat cry syndrome
Edwards’ syndrome
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A patient with suspected liver abscess was admitted to the surgical department. The patient had been staying for a long time on business in one of african countries and fell repeatedly ill with acute gastrointestinal disorders. What protozoal disease may the patient be now ill with?
Leishmaniasis
Toxoplasmosis
Malaria
Trypanosomosis
Amebiasis
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Examination of a 7 year old child revealed the following symptoms: small height, broad roundish face, closely placed eyes with narrow palpebral fissures, half-open mouth. Valvular defect has been also diagnosed. These clinical presentations are most likely typical for Down’s syndrome. Name the cause of such pathology:
Trisomy of the 13 chromosome
Nondisjunction of sexual chromosomes
Trisomy of the 21 chromosome
X-chromosome trisonomy
Partial monosomy
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A group of students has representati- ves of different races. One of the students has straight black hair and overhanging skin fold of superior eyelid - epi-canthus. What race does this student most probably represent?
Mongoloid
Ethiopian
Negroid
Europeoid
Australoid
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Examination of a pregnant woman who has been taking alcohol revealed di-turbed anlage of ectoderma during the fetal life. What derivatives of this leaf have defects?
Liver
Sexual glands
Neural tube
Bowels epithelium
Kidneys
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In a genetical laboratory in course of work with DNA molecules of white rats of Wistar’s line a nucleotide was substituted for another one. At that only one amino acid was substituded in the peptide. This result is caused by the following mutation:
Translocation
Transversion
Deletion
Displacement of reading frame
Duplication
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Father bought some pork at the market. What disease may catch members of his family provided that this meat didn’t pass the veterinary control?
Liver fluke infection
Echinococcosis
Beef tapeworm infection
Pork tapeworm infection
Hymenolepiasis
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During the postsynthetic period of mitotic cycle the synthesis of tubulin proteins was disturbed. These proteins take part in construction of division spindle. It can lead to the disturbance of:
Mitosis duration
Chromosomes’ disjunction
Despiralization of chromosomes
Spiralization of chromosomes
Cytokinesis
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A newborn child has microcephalia. Doctors consider that this is the result of mother’s taking actinomycin D during the pregnancy. What embryonal leaf was influenced by this teratogen?
Ectoderma
All leaves
Entoderma
Entoderma and mesoderma
Mesoderma
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It is known that the information about amino acids sequence in a protein molecule is coded in form of a sequence of four nucleotide types in a DNA molecule, different aminoacids being coded with different quantity of triplets - from one to six. How is such peculiarity of genetic code called?
Degeneracy
Nonoverlayability
Specificity
Triplety
Versatility
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There is a 9 year old boy in endocrinological department, who has already had a few fractures of extremeties caused by fragility of bones. Malfunction of what endocrinous glands (gland) takes place?
Thyroid gland
Thymus
Adrenal glands
Parathyroid glands
Epiphysis
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To approach the thyroid gland from the transverse (collar) approach the suprasternal fascial space must be opened. What anatomical formation located in this space is dangerous to damage?
Subclavian artery
Internal jugular vein
Carotid artery
Venous jugular arch
Lymph nodes
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A 24 year old patient consulted a doctor about pain below the lower jaw to the right of it. Dental surgeon found a stone in the submandibular gland. While removing it he prevented bleeding from the following artery:
A.alveolaris inferior
A.lingualis
A.submentalis
A.facialis
A.labialis inferior
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A 28 year old man with cut wound of frontal skin was admitted to the hospital. A vessel that supplies blood to the frontal part of head was ligated in order to stop bleeding. What vessel was ligated?
A.supraorbitalis
A.temporalis superf icialis
A.infraorbitalis
A.angularis
A.dorsalis nasi
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A patient complains of headache, heavy breathing. X-ray examination confirmed the diagnosis frontitis. What nasal meatus may contain purulent discharge?
Above the superior nasal concha
Inferior
Middle
Superior
Common
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A 28 year old patient was diagnosed with acute inflammation of mucous membrane of nasolacrimal duct. It is known from the anamnesis that he had been having nasal discharges for 10 days after recovering from influenza. From what part of nasal cavity could the infection penetrate into nasolacrimal duct?
Frontal sinus
Inferior nasal meatus
Vestibule of nose
Superior nasal meatus
Middle nasal meatus
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An eye trauma caused soft tissues infection of eye-socket. Through what anatomical formation can the infection penetrate into the middle cranial fossa?
Through the zygomatic orbital foramen
Through the posterior ethmoidal foramen
Through the inferior orbital fissure
Through the anterior ethmoidal foramen
Through the superior orbital fissure
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When a patient puts his tongue out the tip of it deflects to the left. Motor innervation of what cranial nerve is disturbed in this case?
N.hypoglossus dexter
N.vagus dexter
N.glossopharyngeus dexter
N.facialis sinister
N.trigeminus sinister
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A mother consulted the doctor about her one year old child, who has got six teeth come out. How many teeth should the child of such age have?
8
7
12
10
6
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Trauma of occipital region of head resulted in crack fracture in the region of transverse sinus. What part of occipital bone is damaged?
Condyle
Left lateral
Squama
Proximal
Right lateral
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A surgeon is going to take lympha from patient’s thoracic duct in the point of its flowing into venous channel. Where exactly a cannula should be inserted?
Point of formation of inferior vena cava
Left venous angle
Point of formation of superior vena cava
Point of formation of portal vein
Right venous angle
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A 69 year old patient has got an abscess of frontal lobe as a result of purulent infection in nasal cavity. What anatomical formation did the infection penetrate through?
Foramen ovale
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ethmoidalae posterior
Foraminae cribrosae
Foramen sphenopalatinum
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A patient displays abnormal retrodeviation of his lower jaw as a result of trauma in the region of mandibular coronal process. What muscle is most likely to be damaged?
M.pterygoideus lateralis
M.masseter
M.levator anguli oris
M.pterygoideus medialis
M.temporalis
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A patient has disorder of tear flow after a cold. What autonomic ganglion had been most damaged?
Aural
Ciliated
Pterygopalatine
Sublingual
Submandibular
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A 58 year old woman had her uterus and all appendages completely removed. It resulted in stoppage of urine excretion. Cystoscopy results: bladder doesn’t contain any urine, urine doesn’t come also from ureteric orifices. What part of urinary excretion system was damaged during the operation?
Ureter
Pelvis renalis
Ren
Vesica urinaria
Uretra
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Examination of a 32 year old patient revealed disproportional skeleton size, enlargement of superciliary arches, nose, lips, tongue, jaw bones, feet. What gland’s function was disturbed?
Thyroid
Hypophysis
Suprarenal
Pancreas
Epiphysis
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A patient suffers from middle ear inflammation (otitis). He complains also of disordered test sensation in the anterior tongue part. What nerve is damaged?
N.trigeminus
N.glossopharyngeus
N.vagus
N.vestibulo — cochlearis
N.facialis
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A surgeon should reach the omental bursa to perform an operation on abdominal cavity. How can he reach this part of peritoneal cavity without affecting the integrity of lesser omentum?
Through the left paracolic sulcus
Through the epiploic foramen
Through the left mesenteric sinus
Through the right paracolic sulcus
Through the right mesenteric sinus
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A 5 year old child suffers from the neck deformity. Clinical examination revealed such symptoms: apparent flexion of head to the left, his face is turned right, passive movements of the head to the right are restricted. What muscle’s development was disturbed in this case?
Long muscle of head
Splenius muscle of head
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Sternosublingual
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A patient has difficulties with jaw joining when he is chewing. There is partial atrophy of masticatory muscles situated below the zygomatic arch. What nerve branches do these muscles innervate?
Nn.alveolares superiores
N.mandibularis
N.alveolaris inferior
N.maxillaris
N.infraorbitalis
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A boxer who got a punch in the region of temporomandibular joint has a traumatic dislocation of mandible. Displacement of what articular surfaces will overstep the limits of physiological norm?
Coronoid process and pterygoid fossa
Head of mandible and submandibular fossa
Coronoid process and submandibular fossa
Neck of mandible and submandibular fossa
Head of mandible and mandibular fossa
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A patient’s middle ear inflammation was complicated by mastoiditis. There was a threat of purulent thrombosis of the nearest venous sinus. What sinus was under the threat?
Transverse
Inferior petrosal
Sigmoid
Superior saggital
Rectus
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On examination of a road accident victim a doctor revealed left clavicle fracture and disturbed blood circulation in an extremity (no pulsing of radial artery). What cause of blood circulation disturbance is the most probable?
Compression of subclavian artery
Compression of vertebral artery
Compression of subclavian vein
Compression of axillary artery
Compression of axillary vein
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A 60 year old patient has problems with formation and moving of food mass, it disturbs eating process. His tongue is stiff, speaking is impossible. What nerve is damaged?
IX
XI
VII
V
XII
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A woman in grave condition was admitted to a hospital with the diagnosis of the hemorrhagic stroke in the region of frontal part of the right cerebral hemisphere. The damage of what artery most likely caused this condition?
A .communicans posterior
A.cerebri media
A.cerebri anterior
A.cerebri posterior
A.communicans anterior
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A 17 year old student pressed out a pustule in the medial angle of eye. In 2 days she was taken to the institute of neurosurgery with thrombosis of cavernous sinus. Through what vein did the infection get into this sinus?
V.angularis
V.diploicae frontalis
V.profunda faciei
V.maxillaris
V.transversa faciei
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A 35 year old patient came to the admission department with complaints of pain and edema in the region of floor of oral cavity. After examination he was diagnosed with inflammation in the region of excretory duct of submandibular gland. Where does this duct open into?
Plica fimbriata
Foramen caecum linguae
Caruncula sublingualis
Recesus gingivalis
Vestibulum oris
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Examination of a patient who was exposed to the ionizing radiation revealed damage of wight pulp. What cells of white pulp undergo pathological changes?
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Neutrophilic leukocytes
Tissue basophils
Basophilic leukocytes
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A patient had a trauma that led to the injury of front spinal roots. Denote the damaged structures:
Axons of lateral horn neurons
Axons of motoneurons and lateral horn neurons
Central processes of spinal ganglion neurons
Peripheral processes of spinal ganglion neurons
Axons of motoneurons
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A patient with an acute rhinitis has hyperemia and excessive mucus formation in nasal cavity. What epithelial cells of mucous membrane have the intensified activity?
Microvillous cells
Basal cells
Ciliated cells
Goblet cells
Endocrine cells
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As a result of head trauma a 32 year old man has damaged ampullas of semicircular ducts. What stimuli perception will be disturbed?
Linear acceleration
Vibration
Gravitation
Vibration and gravitation
Angular acceleration
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Morphological examination revealed in histological specimen of biopsy material an irregularshaped vessel. Its middle membrane is formed by bundles of smooth myocytes and layers of connective tissue. What type of vessel is it?
Artery uf muscular type
Venule
Vein of muscular type
Lymphatic vessel
Arteriole
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An electronic micrograph presents a cell that has no nucleole and nuclear membrane. Chromosomes has free position, centrioles migrate to the poles. What phase of cell cycle is it typical for?
Telophase
Metaphase
Interphase
Prophase
Anaphase
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The symptoms of regeneration process (callus) on the place of fracture were revealed in the histologic specimen of tubular bone. What tissue forms this structure?
Reticular tissue
Loose connective tissue
Fibrous bone tissue
Lamellar bone tissue
Epithelial tissue
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A chemical burn of esophagus caused it’s local constriction as a result of scar formation. What cells of loose connective tissue take part in scar formation?
Miofibroblasts
Fibrocytes
Immature nonspecialized fibroblasts
Mature specialized fibroblasts
Fibroclasts
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A woman has hyperemic ovary, increased permeability of hematofolli-cular barrier with the following development of edema, infiltration of follicle wall by segmentonuclear leukocytes. The follicle volume is large, its wall is thinned. What period of sexual cycle do these presentations correspond with?
Menstrual period
Ovulation
Preovulatory stage
Period of relative rest
Postmenstrual period
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Premature infants have syndrom of respiratory failure. Failure of what aerohematic barriere component underlies this pathology?
Alveolocytes
Capillary endothelium
Surfactant
Basal membrane of alveolocytes
Basal membrane of endothelium
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Histological examination in the area of neck of fundus gland reveals small cells that have high nuclear-cytoplasmatic ratio and basophilic cytoplasm. Name the function of these cells:
Regeneration of glandular epithelium
Secretion of chlorine ions
Pepsinogen secretion
Protective
Endocrine
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Histological examination of trasverse enamel slice revealed linear banding in form of concentric circles that is pointing at an angle to the dentinoenamel junction. Name these structures:
Hunter-Schreger’s lines
Enamel fascicles
Retsius’ lines
Enamel spindles
Enamel plates
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Retrospective diagnostics of old bacillary dysentery required serologic examination of blood serum in order to determine blood titer to the shigells. What reaction should be applied for this purpose?
Precipitation reaction
Hemolysis reaction
Bordet-Gengou test
Bacteriolysis reaction
Reaction of passive hemagglutination
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Microspecimen of a child’s finger skin reveals subnormal development of epidermis. What embryonic leaf was damaged in course of development?
Ectomesenchyma
Mesoderm
Entoderm
Mesenchyma
Ectoderm
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The influence of negative factors upon an organism results in the thymus change that is accompanied by mass loss of thymocytes, their drive out to the peripheral organs, proliferation of epitheli-oreticulocytes. How is this phenomemon called?
Thymus atrophy
Thymus hypotrophy
Age thymus involition
Thymus distrophy
Accidental thymus involution
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Histological specimen of an oral cavity organ shows that anterior surface is lined with multilayer flat non-keratinizing epithelium and posterior surface - with multirow ciliated epithelium. What organ is it?
Gum
Soft palate
Cheek
Lip
Hard palate
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In course of embryogenesis maxillary and mandibular processes grew together with a delay. What development anomalies should be expected in this case?
Gothic palate
Macrostomia
Microstomia
Cleft palate
Cleft of superior lip
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Examination of a 42 year old patient who suffers from parodontosis revealed roundish calcified formations 2-3 mm in diameter in coronal pulp. Name these formatioms:
Dead dentin
Interglobular spaces
Sclerosed (transparent) dentin
Intertubular dentin
Denticles
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Electron micrograph of a kidney fragment presents an afferent arteriole with big cells under endothelium. These cells contain secretory granules. Name this type of cells:
Juxtavascular
Smooth muscular
Interstitial
Juxtaglomerular
Mesangial
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A child damaged the lateral surface of his tongue. What lingual papillas are most likely to be damged?
Conic
Vallate
Foliate
Filiform
Fungiform
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By producing a number of hormones placenta plays a part of temporary endocrine gland. What hormone may be detected in woman’s blood on the third or the forth day after begin of implantation, that is used in medicine for early pregnancy detection?
Somatostatin
Oxytocin
Vasopressin
Progesterone
Chorionic gonadotropin
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In a histological specimen of adrenal cortex there are petite polygonal cells that form roundish clusters and contain some lipidic inclusions. What part of adrenal is presented in this histological specimen?
Fasciolar zone
Glomerular zone
Reticular zone
Intermedial zone
-
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Implantation process has two stages: adhesion and invasion. Morphological manifestation of blastocyte adhesion is:
Destruction of endometrium epithelium
Destruction of endometrium vessels
Formation of lacunes
Attachment of blastocyte to the endometrium
Destruction of connective tissue of endometrium
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While a 24 year old woman was waiting for tooth extraction, tonus of sympathetic part of autonomic nervous system rose. What reaction will the patient display?
Miotic pupils
Hyperperistalsis
Hypersecretion of digestive juices
Bronchus constriction
Increased frequency of heartbeat
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If a mountain-climber stays in the mountains for a long time, quantity of erythrocytes increases from 5,0 • l012/l to 6,0 • 1012/l. What causes stimulation of erythropoesis?
Increase of p O2 in arterial blood
Increase of p O2 in venous blood
Decrease of p O2 in venous blood
Decrease of p O2 in arterial blood
Increase of p O2 in cells
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An experimentator wants a dog to develop conditioned salivary reflex. What conditioned stimulus will be appropriate to use?
Electric current
Zwieback
Meat
Very loud sound
Moderately loud sound
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A man has trauma of greater pectoral muscle. What index’ decrease will it cause?
Residual volume
Respiratory volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Functional residual lung capacity
Expiratory reserve volume
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A month after surgical constriction of rabbit’s renal artery the considerable increase of systematic arterial pressure was observed. What of the following regulation mechanisms caused the animal’s pressure change?
Vasopressin
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
Serotonin
Angiotensin-II
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Rate of excitement conduction was studied on different sites of an isolated heart. Where was the lowest rate registered?
In His’ bundle
In Purkinje’s fibers
In atrioventricular node
In ventricle’s myocardium
In atria’s myocardium
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While passing an exam a student gets dry mouth. It is caused by realization of such reflexes:
Conditioned parasympathetic
Unconditioned sympathetic and parasympathetic
Conditioned and unconditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned parasympathetic
Conditioned sympathetic
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A patient has been taking glucocorticoids for a long time. Drug withdrowal caused acute attack of his disease, blood pressure reduction, weakness. What are these occurences connected with?
Sensibilisation
Adrenal glands insufficiency
Hyperproduction of corticotroph hormone
Cumulation
Drug habituation
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A sportsman was examined after an intensive physical activity. The examination revealed disorder of movement coordination but the force of muscle contractions remained the same. It can be explained by retarded speed of excitement conduction through:
Afferent nerves
Efferent nerves
Neuromuscular synapses
Central synapses
Conduction tracts
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Cerebral hemorrhage caused serious disturbance of taste sensibility. What brain structure is most likely to be damged?
Amygdaloid body
Hippocampus
Postcentral gyrus
Substantia nigra
Hypothalamus
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A man lost consciousness in a car with running engine where he had been waiting for a friend for a long time. What hemoglobin compaund can be found in the blood of the patient?
Carboxyhemoglobin
Deoxyhemoglobin
Carbhemoglobin
Oxyhemoglobin
Methemoglobin
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A patient has the sudden decrease of Ca2+ content in blood. What hormone secretion will increase?
Thyrocalcitonin
Parathormone
Aldosterone
Vasopressin
Somatotropin
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It is required to set an experiment on an isolated excitable cell and to achieve increase of membrane rest potential (hyperpolarization). What ion channels should be activated to achieve such a result?
Potassium
Sodium
Sodium and calcium
Calcium
Potassium and sodium
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A man has considerable disorder of protein, fat and carbohydrate digestion. Reduced secretion of what digestive juice is the most probable cause of this phenomenon?
Pancreatic juice
Intestinal juice
Gastric juice
Bile
Saliva
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During phonocardiogram registration it was ascertained that the duration of the first heart sound twice exceeds the norm. It is most likely that patient has the following organ affected:
Cardiomyocytes of ventricles
Semilunar valves
Cardiomyocytes of heart atriums
Cardiomyocytes of atriums
Atrioventricular valves
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In the course of an experiment a nerve is being stimulated by electric impulses. It leads to excretion of some quantity of thick viscous saliva by sublingual and submandibular glands. What nerve is being stimulated?
N.glossopharyngeus
N.vagus
N.trigeminus
N.sympathicus
N.facialis
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A patient has hyperkaliemia and hyponatremia. Reduced secretion of what hormone may cause such changes?
Aldosterone
Cortosol
Parathormone
Vasopressin
Natriuretic hormone
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A man’s energy consumption is measured on an empty stomach, in lying position, under conditions of physical psychical rest, at comfortable temperature. At what time will the energy consuption be the lowest?
At 2-4 o’clock p.m.
At 7-8 o’clock a.m.
At 3-4 o’clock a.m.
At 10-12 o’clock a.m.
At 5-6 o’clock p.m.
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A patient complains of rapid fatigability. Objectively: he staggers and overbalances in the upright position with closed eyes. Skeleton muscular tonus is decreased. What brain structure is most likely to be damaged?
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Thalamus
Basal ganglions
Precentral gyrus of cerebrum cortex
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A patient with chronic glomerulonephritis has disorder of incretoty function of kidneys. What blood elements deficit will result from it?
Leukocytes and thrombocytes
Leukocytes
Erythrocytes
Thrombocytes
Erythrocytes and leukocytes
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In course of an experiment the peripheral segment of vagus nerve of an animal was stimulated. The following changes of heart activity were obseerved:
Increased conduction of excitement through myocardium
Increase of frequency and force of heartbeat
Icreased force of heartbeat
Reduced heart rate
Increased excitability of myocardium
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A patient has hypocalcemia. What hormone deficiency may be it’s cause?
Corticotropin
Aldosterone
Corticoliberin
Parathormone
Thyrocalcitonin
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ESR of a patient with pneumonia is 48 mm/h. What caused such changes?
Hyperalbuminemia
Hypergammaglobulinemia
Hypoproteinemia
Erythrocytosis
Hypogammaglobulinemia
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Examination of a child who hasn’t got fresh fruit and vegetables during winter revealed numerous subcutaneous hemorrhages, gingivitis, carious cavities in teeth. What vitamin combination should be prescribed in this case?
Ascorbic acid and rutin
Folic acid and cobalamin
Calciferol and ascorbic acid
Thiamine and pyridoxine
Riboflavin and nicotinamide
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A patient has increased permeability of blood-vessel walls, increased gingival hemorrhage, small punctate hematomas on his skin, falling of teeth. What disturbance of vitamun metabolism can account for these symptoms?
Hypervitaminosis C
Hypovitaminosis C
Hypovitaminosis D
Hypervitaminosis D
Hypovitaminosis A
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A patient with diabetes mellitus had an insuline injection. It caused loss of consciousness and convulsions. What was the result of biochemic blood analysis on glucose content?
8,0 mmole/l
10 mmole/l
5,5 mmole/l
2,5 mmole/l
3,3 mmole/l
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Examination of a 6 days old infant revealed phenyl pyruvate and phenyl acetate excess in his urine. What ami-noacid metabolism is disturbed in the child’s organism?
Methionine
Arginine
Phenylalanine
Histidine
Tryptophan
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A patient who is ill with scurvy displays disturbed processes of connective tissue formation that leads to loosening and falling of teeth. Disturbed activity of what enzyme causes these symptomps?
Procollagenpeptidase of C-terminal peptide
Procollagenpeptidase of N-terminal peptide
Lisilhydroxylase
Elastase
Glycosiltransferase
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A patient who suffers from chronic renal insufficiency fell ill with osteoporosis. Disturbed synthesis of what mineral metabolism’s regulator is the cause of osteoporosis?
Proline hydroxylation
Lysine hydroxylation
Cortisol hydroxylation
Formation of 1, 25(OH)2D3
Glutamate carboxylation
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Cyanide poisoning causes immediate death. What is the mechanism of cyanide effect at the molecular level?
They inactivate oxygene
They bind substrates of tricarboxylic acid cycle
They block succinate dehydrogenase
They inhibit cytochromoxidase
They inhibit cytochrome B
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A patient has the folowing changes: disorder of twilight vision, drying out of conjunctiva and cornea. Such disorders may be caused by deficiency of vitamin:
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin B
Vitamin B12
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What vitamin deficiency leads to both disorder of reproductive function and di-strophy of skeletal muscles?
Vitamin E
Vitamin A
Vitamin K
Vitamin D
Vitamin B1
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A child has disturbed enamel and dentine formation as a result of decreased content of calcium ions in his blood. What hormone deficiency may cause such changes?
Parathormone
Triiodothyronine
Thyroxin
Somatotropin
Thyreocalcitonin
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A chiled was diagnosed with acute renal failure. What biochemic saliva indices can confirm this diagnosis?
Increase of immunoglobuline A
Reduction of alkaline phosphatase
Decreased level of phosphate
Increased level of rest nitrogen
Increase of alpha amylase
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A child has disturbed processes of ossification and 'punctate' enamel. What microelement metabolism is disturbed?
Fluorine
Chromium
Iron
Zinc
Copper
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What substance makes saliva viscous and mucous, has protective function, protects mucous membrane of oral cavity from mechanical damage?
Amylase
Kallikrein
Lysozyme
Mucin
Glucose
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Parodontitis is accompanied by activation of proteolysis in parodentium tissues. Increase of what oral fluid’s component is the evidence of proteolysis activation?
Aminoacids
Biogenic amines
Organic acids
Glucose
Cholesterol
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Examination of an ill child’s blood revealed inherited hyperlipoproteinemia. Genetic defect of what enzyme synthesis causes this phenomenon?
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Proteinase
Hemsynthetase
Glycosidase
Lipoprotein lipase
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A 42 year old woman diagnosed with diabetes mellitus was admitted th the endocrinological department with complaints of thirst, excessive appetite. What pathological components are revealed in course of laboratory examination of the patient’s urine?
Protein, aminoacids
Protein, creatine
Glucose, ketone bodies
Bilirubin, urobilin
Blood
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A patient has increased content of uric acid in his blood that is clinically presented by pain syndrome as a result of urate deposition in the joints. What process does this acid result from?
Lysis of pyrimidine nucleotides
Reutilization of purine bases
Lysis of purine nucleotides
Heme catabolism
Proteolysis
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A non trained man has usually muscular hypoxy after a sprint. What metabolite accumulates in the muscles as a result of it?
Ketone bodies
-
Glucose 6-phosphate
Lactate
Oxaloacetate
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Myocyte cytoplasm contains a big number of dissolved metabolites of glucose oxidation. Name one of them that turns directly into lactate:
Glucose 6-phosphate
Glycerophosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Oxaloacetate
Pyruvate
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A patient is diagnosed with alkaptonuria. Name a defect enzyme that causes this pathology:
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Glutamate dehydrogenase
Oxydase of homogentisine acid
Dioxyphenylalanine decarboxylase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
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Chronic overdosage of glucocorticoids leads to the development of hyperglycemia. What process of carbohydrate metabolism is responsible for this effect?
Aerobic glycolisis
Glycogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Pentose-phosphate cycle
Gluconeogenesis
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In compliance with the clinical presentations a man was prescribed pyri-doxalphosphate. What processes are corrected by this preparation?
Protein synthesis
Oxidative decarboxilation of keto acids
Desamination of purine nucleotides
Synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases
Transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids
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A 2 year old child suffers from intestinal dysbacteriosis that lead to the development hemorrhagic syndrome. The most probable cause of hemorrhage is:
Hypocalcemia
Activation of tissue thromboplastin
Fibrinogen deficiency
Hypovitaminosis PP
Vitamin K deficiency
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Toxic pulmonary edema was reproduced on a laboratory rat by means of ammonium chloride solution. What is the leading pathogenetic factor of this edema?
Increased permeability of capillars
Increase of venous outflow
Increase of lymph outflow
Disorder of neural and humoral regulation
Decrease of colloid osmotic pressure
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A 62 year old patient in grave comdition was admitted to the nerologi-cal department on account of cerebral hemorrhage. Objectively: hyperpnoe and rising of respiratory rate, then it falls to apnea, after that the cycle of respiratory movements restores. What respiratory type is it?
Apneustic
Biot’s respiration
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Gasping respiration
Kussmaul’s respiration
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The body temperature of a patient with an infectious disease rises once in two days up to 39,5 — 40,50C and stays so for about an hour and then drops to the initial level. What type of fever is it?
Continued
Atypical
Hectic
Intermittent
Remittent
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A woman after labor lost 20 kg of body weight, her hair and teeth fall out, she has muscle atrophy (hypophysial cachexia). Synthesis of what hypophysis hormone is disturbed?
Corticotrophic
Gonadotropic
Somatotropic
Thyreotropic
Prolactin
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Poisoning with mercuric dichloride caused acute renal insufficiency that included 4 stages: 1) the initial one, 2) the stage of oligoanuria, 4) the stage of recovery. What is the third stage of acute renal insufficiency?
Hemodynamic
Polyuretic
Ischemic
Metabolic
Pathochemic
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A patient with pneumosclerosis has pulmonary hypertension and cardiac insuffisiency of right ventricle with ascites and edemata. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of edemata development?
-
Rise of hydrostatic blood pressure in veins
Increased permeability of vessel walls
Rise of oncotic pressure of intracellular fluid
Reduction of oncotic blood pressure
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A year after subtotal stomach resection on account of ulcer of lesser curvature the following blood changes were revealed: anemia, leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia, color index -1,3, megaloblasts and megalocytes. What factor deficiency caused the development of thos pathology?
Pepsin
Castle’s factor
Gastrin
Hydrochloride acid
Mucin
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A 45 year old patient was taken to the hospital by an emergency team with serious cranial trauma in shock condition. Objectively: unconscious, skin is pale, body t0- 35,00C, low muscular tonus, reflexes are absent, pulse is rapid and weak, AP- 50/30 mm Hg. What clinical shock stage is it?
Excitement stage
Inhibition stage
Torpid stage
Terminal stage
Erectile stage
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After traumatic tooth extraction a patient complains of a severe dull pain without accurate localization in his gum, body temperature rise up to 37,50C. He was diagnosed with alveolitis. What type of pain does the patient have?
Referred
Visceral
Epicritic
Phantom
Protopathic
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A 12 year old boy came home from school and started complaining of headache, sickness, chill, periodical muscle pain, appetite loss, flabbiness. What period of illness are these symptoms typical for?
Incubative
Latent
End of illness
High point of illness
Prodromal
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Rabbits lived on food with addition of cholesterol. Five months later the atherosclerotic aorta changes were revealed. Name the main cause of atherogenesis in this case:
Hypodynamia
Exogenous hypercholesterolemia
Endogenous hypercholesterolemia
Overeating
-
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A patient with primary nephrotic syndrome has the following content of whole protein: 40 g/l. What factor caused hypoproteinemia?
Proteinuria
Reduced protein synthesis in liver
Increased proteolysis
Transition of protein from vessels to tissues
Disturbance of intestinal protein absorption
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Laboratory rats that have been fed only with carbohydrate food for a long time display water accumulation in the tissues. What pathogenetic mechanism is the main cause of edema in this case?
Disregulatory
Lymphogenic
Hyperosmolar
Membranogenic
Hypooncotic
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A patient with adenoma of glomeral zone of adrenal cortex (Conn’s disease) has arterial hypertension, convulsions, polyuria. What is the main link in pathogenesis of these disorders?
Glucocorticoid hypersecretion
Aldosterone hypersecretion
Catecholamine hypersecretion
Aldosterone hyposecretion
Glucocorticoid hyposecretion
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A 30 year old man was exposed to irradiation with about 3 Gy. What blood change will be evident in 8 hours after irradiation?
Lymphopenia
Anemy
Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia
Granulocytopenia
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Four months ago a 43 year old patient had a traumatic amputation of his lower extrimity. Now he complains of sensing the amputated extremity and having constantly grave, sometimes unbearable pain in it. What type of pain does he have?
Neuralgia
Causalgia
Reflex
Thalamic
Phantom
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In crisis period a 14 year old child ill with diphtheria has AP- 70/50 mm Hg accompanied by abrupt fall in temperature and tachycardia. What form of vascular tone disturbance is it?
Essential arterial hypotension
Chronic hypotension
-
Acute hypotension
Vegetovascular dystonia
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A patient ill with jaundice has increased content of conjugated bilirubin and bile acids in blood, no stercobili-nogen in urine. What jaundice are these symptomps typical for?
Cythemolytic
Hepatocellular
Obstructive
Hemolytic
Hepatic
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A newborn child ill with pylorostenosis has frequent vomiting accompanied by apathy, weakness, muscular hypertonia, sometimes convulsions. What form of acid-base balance disorder has developed?
Metabolic acidosis
Excretory acidosis
Gaseous alkalosis
Nongaseous alkalosis
Gaseous acidosis
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A 19 year old patient was diagnosed with chronic acquired hemolytic anemia. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of this pathology’s development?
Toxic hemolysis
Hyposmolarity of plasm
Intracellular hemolysis
Autoimmune hemolysis
Osmotic hemolysis
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After recovering from epidemic parotiditis a patient began to lose weight, he was permanently thirsty, drank a lot of water, had frequent urination, voracious appetite. Now he has complaints of skin itch, weakness, furunculosis. His blood contains: glucose - 16 mmole/L, ketone bodies - 100 mcmole/L; glucosuria. What disease has developed?
Malnutrition diabetes
Insulin-dependent diabetes
Steroid diabetes
Diabetes insipidus
Insulin-independent diabetes
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A patient fell into the ice hole, was chilled in the wind and taken ill. Body temperature rised up to 39, 70C and fluctuated from 39,00C to 39,80C. Name the type of patient’s temperature profile:
Febris hectica
Febris intermittens
Febris remittens
Febris continua
Febris recurrens
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A patient with chronic myeloleukemia has presentations of anemy - decrease of erythrocyte number and hemoglobin content, oxyphil and polychromatophil normocytes, microcytes. What pathogenetic mechanism is the main for the development of this anemy?
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Intravascular erythrocyte hemolysis
Reduction of erythropoietin synthesis
Chronic hemorrhage
Replacement of erythrocytic shoot
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A diver who has been staying at the depth of 40 m for a long time fell ill with caisson disease as a result of decompression. The main pathogenetic factor is the following embolism:
Fat
Air
Paradoxical
Tissue
Gaseous
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Autopsy of a woman with cerebral atherosclerosis revealed in the left cerebral hemisphere a certain focus that is presented by flabby, anhistic, greyish and yellowish tissue with indistinct edges. What pathological process is the case?
Multifocal tumor growth with cystic degeneration
Senile encephalopathy
Multiple foci of fresh and old cerebral hemorrhage
Focal encephalitis
Ischemic stroke
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Histologic examination revealed a big number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in all layers of appendix; hyperemia, stases. What disease are these symptoms typical for?
Simple appendicitis
Gangrenous appendicitis
Superficial appendicitis
Phlegmonous appendicitis
Chronic appendicitis
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Opening of a patient’s abdominal cavity revealed for about 2,0 L of purulent fluid. Peritoneum is dull, greyish, serous tunic of intestines has grayish layers that can be easily removed. It is most likely to be:
-
Fibrinopurulent peritonitis
Serous peritonitis
Tuberculous peritonitis
Hemorrhagic peritonitis
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Tissue sample of soft palate arches that was taken because a tumor was suspected ( microscopic analysis revealed an ulcer with dense fundus) revealed mucous membrane necrosis, submucous layer was infiltrated by lymphocytes, epithelioid cells, plasmocytes, solitary neutrophils. There was also evident endovasculitis and perivasculitis. What desease are these changes typical for?
Vensan’s ulcerative-necrotic stomatitis
Faucial diphteria
Primary syphilis
Aphthous stomatitis
Ulcerative stomatitis
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Histological examination of thyroid gland of a man who died from cardiac insufficiency accompanied by hypothyroidism revealed diffuse infiltration of the gland by lymphocytes and plasmocytes with formation of lymphoid follicles, as well as atrophy of parenchyma and growth of connective tissue. What is the most probable diagnosis?
-
Autoimmune Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Thyrotoxic goiter
Adenoma of thyroid gland
Purulent thyroiditis
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Post-mortem examination of a 5 year old boy who died from acute pulmonary and cardiac insufficiency revealed the following: serohemorrhagic tracheobronchitis with some necrotic areas of mucous membrane, multiple foci of hemorrhagic pneumonia in lungs. What disease is in question?
Scarlet fever
Croupous pneumonia
Influenza
Diphtheria
Measles
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Macroscopic examination of lung tissue revealed some areas of excessive airiness with small bubbles, histological examination registered thinning and rupture of alveolar septa and formation of big multiform cavities. What disease was revealed in the lung?
Chronic bronchitis
Multiple bronchiectasis
Cavernous tuberculosis
Fibrosing alveolitis
Pulmonary emphysema
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Examination of coronary arteries revealed atherosclerotic plaques with calcification that close tle lumen by 1/3. The muscle contains multiple small whitish layers of connective tissue. What process was revealed in myocardium?
Tiger heart
Diffuse cardiosclerosis
Myocardium infarction
Postinfarction cardiosclerosis
Myocarditis
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Microscopic analysis of tissue sampling from patient’s skin reveals granulomas that consist of epithelioid cells surrounded mostly by T-lymphocytes. Among epithelioid cells there are solitary giant multinuclear cells of Pirogov-Langhans type. In the centre of some granulomas there are areas of caseous necrosis. Blood vessels are absent. What disease are the described granulomas typical for?
Tuberculosis
Leprosy
Syphilis
Rhinoscleroma
Glanders
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Examination of a child who has recently recovered from measles revealed in the soft tissues of cheeks and perineum some inaccurate, edematic, red-and-black, slightly fluctuating areas. What complication is it?
Humid gangrene
Gas gangrene
Dry gangrene
Trophic ulcer
Pressure sore
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Examination of a patient who had been suffering from rheumatism for a long time revealed stenosis of mitral orifice, death was caused by cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency. Autopsy has shown brown induration of lungs. What type of circulation disturbance provokes such changes in lungs?
Chronic left ventricular insufficiency
Acute left ventricular insufficiency
Portal hypertension
Chronic right ventricular insufficiency
Acute right ventricular insufficiency
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On the 5th day of illness a 12 year old child who was treated in the infectious department on account of influenza felt severe headache, sickness, dizziness, got meningeal signs. The child died 24 hours later from increasing brain edema. Dissection of cranial cavity revealed that pia maters of brain are edematic, plethoric, saturated diffusively with bright red liquid. Convolutions and sulci of brain are flattened. What influenza complication is in question?
Serous meningitis
Venous hyperemia of brain membranes
Suppurative leptomeningitis
Hemorrhagic meningitis
Cerebral hemorrhage
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Morphological examination of carious cavity floor differenciated distinctly three zones: the one of softened dentin, transparent dentin and replacing dentin. What stage of caries are these changes typical for?
Chronic caries
Median caries
Superficial caries
Deep caries
Spot stage
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Mucous membrane of the right palatine tonsil has a painless ulcer with smooth lacquer fundus and accurate edges of cartlaginous consistency. Microscopically: inflammatory infiltrate that consists of lymphocytes, plasmocytes, a small number of neutrophils and epithelioid cells; endovasculistis and perivasculitis. What disease is in question?
Pharyngeal diphtheria
Syphilis
Necrotic (Vincent’s) tonsillitis
Actinomycosis
Tuberculosis
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A 22 year woman has enlarged lymphatic ganglions. Histological analysis of a ganglion revealed lymphocytes, histiocytes, reticular cells, small and great Hodgkin’s cells, multinuclear Reed-Sternberg cells, solitary foci of caseous necrosis. What disease are these changes typical for?
Cancer metastasis
Lymphosarcoma
Acute leukemia
Lymphogranulematosis
Chronic leukemia
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A 57 year old patient has periodic uterine bleedings. Diagnostic endometrectomy was performed. Biopsy material contains among the blood elements some glandular complexes of different sizes and forms that consist of atypic cells with hyperchromic nuclei and multiple mitoses (including pathological ones). What is the most probable diagnosis?
Glandular hyperplasia of endometrium
Adenocarcinoma
Fibromyoma of uterus
Chorioepithelioma
Endometritis
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Autopsy of a man who suffered from essential hypertension revealed a cavity with rustcoloured walls in the cerebral substunce. What preceded the appearance of these changes?
Plasmorrhagias
Ischemic infarction
Abscess
Diapedetic hemorrhages
Hematoma
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Autopsy of a man who died from ethylene glycol poisoning revealed that his kidneys are a little bit enlarged, edematic; their capsule can be easily removed. Cortical substance is broad and light-grey. Medullary substance is dark-red. What pathology had this man?
Acute glomerulonephritis
Necrotic nephrosis
Acute tubular-interstitial nephritis
Lipoid nephrosis
Acute pyelonephritis
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During the histologic lung analysis of a man who died from cardiac insufficiency the inflammation focuses were revealed. Alveoles were full of light-pink fluid, here and there with pinkish fibers that formed a close-meshed reticulum with a small number of lymphocytes. What type of exudate is present in lungs?
Hemorrhagic
Fibrinous
Serofibrinous
Purulent
Serous
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A 38 year old patient died during intractable attack of bronchial asthma. Histological examination revealed mucus accumulations in bronchi’s lumen, a lot of mast cells (labrocytes) in bronchi’s wall, some of these cells are degranulated, there are also many eosinophils. Name pathogenesis of these changes in bronchi:
Immune complex mechanism
Cytotoxic, cytolytic effect of antibodies
Atopy, anaphylaxis
Cell-mediated cytolysis
Granulematosis
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In course of gastric endoscopy the biopsy material of mucous membrane was taken. Its histological examination revealed the following: mucous membrane is intact, thickened, edematic, hyperemic, with small droplike hemorrhages, coated with thick mucus. Name the form of acute gastritis:
Fibrinous
Necrotic
Purulent
Erosive
Catarrhal
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A patient was taken to the hospital with complaints of headache, high temperature, frequent stool, stomach pain with tenesmus. Doctor made a clinical diagnosis dysentery and sent the material (excrements) to the bacteriological laboratory for analysis. What diagnostic method should the laboratory doctor use to confirm or to disprove the clinical diagnosis?
Bacteriological
Serological
Bacterioscopic
Allergic
Biological
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Bacteriological examination of purulent discharges from urethra revealed some bacteries that had negative Gram’s stain, resembled of coffee corns, decomposed glucose and maltose up to acid. They were located in leukocutes. What disease do they cause?
Pseudocholera
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Venereal lymphogranulomatosis
Soft chancre
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A patient in the oral surgery department has got purulent complication. Bacteriological analysis of the wound material found a culture that produces cyan pigment. What microorganism is the most probable causative agent?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Bacillus subtilis
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Proteus vulgaris
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Sputum smears of a patient with chronic pulmonary disease were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen method and analyzed in the bacteriological laboratory. Microscopy revealed red bacillus. What property of tuberculosis myobacteria was found?
Alcohol resistance
Acid resistance
Encapsulation
Alkali resistance
Spore-formation
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A 7 year old girl was taken to an infectious diseases hospital. She had complaints of high temperature, sore throat, general weakness. A doctor assumed dyphteria. What will be crucial proof of diagnosis after defining pure culture of pathogenic organism?
Phagolysability
Hemolytic ability of pathogenic orhani-sm
Detection of volutine granules
Toxigenity test
Cystinase test
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Immune-enzyme reaction revealed in blood serum HBs-antigene. What disease is this antigene associated with?
Syphilis
Viral hepatitis type B
Tuberculosis
Viral hepatitis type A
AIDS
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Professional dentists belong to the risk group concerning professional infection with viral hepatitis type B. Name an effective method for active prevention of this disease among the dentists:
Working with gum gloves on
Introduction of specific immunoglobuline
Secure sterilization of medical instruments
Introduction of interferonogenes
Vaccination with recombinant vaccine
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Microscopic analysis of tissue sampling from affected area of mucous membrane of oral cavity revealed bacillus in form of accumulations that looked like a pack of cigarettes. Ziehl-Neelsen staining gives them red colour. What kind of pathogenic organism was most likely revealed in tissue sampling?
A.israilii
A.bovis
M.avium
M.tuberculosis
M.leprae
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A patient with clinical presentations of primary immunodeficiency displays disturbance of antigen-presenting function by immunocompetent cells. What cells may have structure defect?
Macrophages, monocytes
0- lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes
Fibroblasts
T-lymphocytes
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A doctor examined a patient with recurrent aphthous stomatitis with concominant candidosis and decided to eliminate a possibility of HIV-infection. What examination can help to clear the situation up and make a provisional diagnosis?
Gel precipitation reaction
Immune-enzyme analysis
Phase-contrasr microscopy
Reaction of hemagglutination inhibition
Reaction of hemagglutination
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On the territory of a certain region the mass death of rodents was observed. It was assumed that it may be caused by plague agent. What serological reaction should be applied for quick determination of antigene of this epizootic agent?
Reaction of passive hemagglutination
Agglutination reaction
Precipitation reaction
Bordet-Gengou test
Neutralization reaction
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A 10 year old child was subjected to Mantoux test (with tuberculine). 48 hours later a papule up to 8 mm in diameter appeared on the site of tuberculine injection. What type of hyperesponsiveness reaction has developed after tuberculine injection?
Atopic reaction
Reaction of Arthus phenomenon type
Hyperresponsiveness reaction type II
Reaction of serum sickness type
Hyperresponsiveness reaction type IV
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During many infectious diseases patient’s blood may contain antigenes of pathogens. What reaction should be applied provided that antigenemia is at a low level?
Reaction of latex-agglutination
Agglutination reaction
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Reaction of indirect hemagglutination
Immunoelectrophoresis
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A 58 year old patient was being prepared to cholecystectomy operation. Drug complex of narcosis pemedicati-on included benzohexamethonium. What part does this medication play in the narcosis?
Reduction of excitement stage
Functional blockade of visceral reflexes
Increase of retrograde amnesia
Relaxation of smooth muscles
Relaxation of skeletal muscles
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In an excitable cell the ion channells were blocked. It hasn’t changed essentially the value of rest potential, but the cell lost its ability to generate AP (action potential). What channels were blocked?
Chloric
Natrium
Calcium
Potassium
Natrium and potassium
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A 25 year old patient had in the dentist’s room a sudden attack of bronchial asthma. The doctor gave him salbutamol in the form of inhalation. What is the mechanism of action of this preparation?
Blocks Hi-histamine receptors
Stimulates ^-adrenoreceptors
Blocks M-cholinergic receptors
Stimulates 3v-adrenoreceptors
Blocks phosphodiesterase
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A 30 year old patient who was taken to the hospital with diagnosis acute glomerulonephritis has proteinuria. What disorder caused this occurance?
Delayed excretion of nitrogen metabolism products
Decreased number of functioning nephrons
Decreased oncotic pressure of blood plasma
Increased permeability of renal filter
Increase of hydrostatic blood pressure in capillaries
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During the ether narcosis a patient had evident bradycardia with threat of cardiac arrest. What medication should be used to accelerate heartbeat under condition of narcosis that shouldn’t be interrupted?
Caffeine
Atropine
Camphor
Isadrine
Adrenaline
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A patient with stomatitis was prescribed a medication of sulfanamide group. What is the mechanism of its antibacterial effect?
Synthesis disturbance of cell membrane proteins
Inhibition of sulfhydric groups of thiol enzymes
Protein coagulation
Competitive antagonism with para-aminobenzoic acid
Decrease of membrane permeability
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While the examination of patient’s oral cavity the dentist found xerostomia, numerous erosions. What vitamin deficit caused this effect?
Vitamin A
Vitamin H
Vitamin K
Vitamin PP
Vitamin P
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An unconscious patient was admitted to the hospital. Objectively: cold skin, miotic pupils, heavy breathing, Chaine-Stokes’ periodicity, low arterial pressure, overfull urinary bladder. What caused the poisoning?
Tranquilizers
Narcotic analgetics
Muscarinic receptor blockers
-
Nonnarcotic analgetics
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A 30 year old patient consulted a doctor about having diarrhea and stomach aches for 5 days, temperature rise up to 37,50C with chills. The day before the patient was in a forest and drank some water from an open pond. He was diagnosed with amebic dysentery that was bacteriologically confirmed. Name the medication for treatment of this disease:
Metronidazole
Phthalazole
Furasolidone
Chloramphenicol
Emethine hydrochloride
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A surgeon cleansed his hands with 70% solution of ethyl alcochol before an operation. What is the main mechanism of preparation’s antiseptic effect upon microorganisms?
Dehydratation of protoplasm proteins
Interaction with aminogroups of protoplasm proteins
Interaction with hydroxyl enzyme groups
Oxidation of organic protoplasm components
Blockade of sulfhydric groups of enzyme systems
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Formaldehyde solution was applied for desinfection of nonmetallic instruments of surgical department. What chemical series does this antiseptic preparation belong to?
Aromatic series
Aliphatic series
Detergents
Halogenated compaunds
Alcochols
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A patient with acute condition of duodenal ulcer was admitted to the hospital. Gastric juice analysis has shown increase of secretory and acid-producing function of stomach. Choose a medication that will reduce secretory function due to blockade of H2-receptors:
Methacin
Platyphyllin
Beladonna bell extraction
Ranitidine
Atropine
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A stomatologists examined first-grade pupils and revealed that one of children had yellowish brown teeth, two of them were split. Heretofore the pupil was treated with 'some pills' on account of pneumonia. What medication could have had such a negative effect upon teeth?
Biseptol
Doxycycline
Ampicillin
Erythromycin
Oxacillin
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Далі ›
In course of an experiment the peripheral fragment of a cut vagus nerve on the dog’s neck was being stimulated. There was the following change of cardiac activity:
Increase of beat force
Decrease of beat frequency
Increased speed of excitement conduction through myocardium
Increase of beat frequency and force
Increase of myocardium excitability
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Далі ›
Name the drug group that can reduce need of myocardium for oxygene, decrease force of heartbeat and inhibit li-polysis:
^-adrenoceptor agonists
^-adrenoceptor blockers
3-adrenoceptor blockers
Sympatholytics
Selective 3-adrenoceptor agonists
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Далі ›
A patient with thyreotoxicosis was prescribed a medication that inhibits enzyme systems taking part in synthesis of thyroid gland hormones. What medication is it?
Diiodotyrosine
Potassium iodide
Thyreoidine
Radioactive iodine
Mercazolile
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Далі ›
A patient with tuberculosis was prescribed a certain medication as a part of complex therapy derivative of isonicotinic acid hydrazide. Name this preparation:
Cephaloridine
Kanamycin
Streptomycin sulfate
Rifampicin
Isoniazide
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Далі ›
After a surgical procedure a patient has got an enteroparesis. What anticholinesterase medication should be prescribed in this case?
Carbacholine
Pilocarpine
Acetylcholine
Proserin
Aceclidine
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Далі ›
A patient has a slowly healing fracture. What medcine can be used to accelerate formation of connective tissue matrix?
Cyclophosphan
Methyluracil
Prednisolone
Methotrexate
Cyclosporine
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Далі ›
Removal of a foreign body from patient’s eye involves local anesthesia with lidocaine. What is the action mechanism of this medication?
It blocks passing of nitric oxide
It reduces passage of neuromediators
It disturbs passing of Na+ through the membrane
It reduces dehydrogenase activity
It inhibits cytochrome oxidase activity
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Далі ›
A patient with myocardium infarction was prescribed an analgetic in order to stop pain syndrome. The patient felt better but overdose caused weakness, myosis, respiratory depression. What medication was prescribed?
Paracetamol
Morphine
Ibuprofen
Baralgine
Sedalgine
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Далі ›
A patient complains of painful cracks in mouth angles. What sulfanilamide can be recommended for local treatment of angular stomatitis?
Prednisolone ointment
Tetracycline ointment
Butadione ointment
Synthomycine liniment
Streptocide liniment
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Далі ›
What antihelmintic medication is used for stimulation of immune system in case of chronic generalized periodontitis?
Pumpkin seeds
Pyranthel
Chloxil
Piperidine adipinate
Levamisole
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Далі ›
A patient has acute cardiac insufficiency resulting from essential hypertension. What medication will be the most appropriate in this case?
Cardiovalen
Cordiamin
Caffeine
Digoxin
Corglycone
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Далі ›
A patient was operated on account of abdominal injury with application of tubocurarin. At the end of operation, after the respiration had been restored, the patient got injection of gentamicin. It caused a sudden respiratory standstill and relaxation of skeletal muscles. What effect underlies this phenomenon?
Habituation
Cumulation
Sensitization
Antagonism
Potentiation
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A patient has an acute painfullness of face skin. What nerve is damaged?
Vagus
Trifacial
Oculomotor
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
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Далі ›
A 3 year old child was admitted to the hospital with otitis. Pus is probable to spread from the tympanic cavity. Where can the pus get into?
Into posterior cranial fossa
Into external acoustic duct
Into mastoid antrum
Into internal ear
Into auditory tube
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Далі ›
A patient had his tooth extracted. The lingual surface of this tooth was smaller than the buccal one. Masti-catoty surface has oval form. Deep transverse sulcus separates buccal and lingual tubercles. The root is strongly compressed in mesio-distal direction and has longitudinal sulci on its aproximal surfaces, it is bifurcated. What tooth was extracted?
Upper canine
First lower premolar
First upper premolar
Second upper premolar
Lower canine
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Далі ›
Examination of a 16 year old boy revealed enlarged submandibular and cervical lymph nodes. The boy was subjected to biopsy. Microscopic examination of lymph nodes revealed: typical structure is obliterated, cell population is heterogenous, there are big cells with multilobe nuclei, multiple big mononuclear cells, eosinophilic and neutrophilic leukocytes, lymphocytes, besides that, there are necrotic areas and foci of sclerosis. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Lymph node hyperplasia
Suppurative lymphadenitis
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
lymphogranulomatosis
Granulomatous lymphadenitis
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Далі ›
A patient with streptococcal gingival infection was prescribed a medication that contains beta lactam ring in its structure. What preparation belongs to this group?
Erythromycin
Benzylpenicillin
Streptomicin sulfate
Rifampicin
Chloramphenicol
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Далі ›
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