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Step 1 - Medicine 2017
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2 із 200
In the life cycle of a cell during mitosis a natural change in the amount of genetic material occurs. The DNA doubles at the following stage:
Interphase
Telophase
Metaphase
Prophase
Anaphase
3 із 200
A woman with seasonal vasomotor rhinitis, who works as a train dispatcher and is an outpatient, should be prescribed an antihi-staminic drug that does not suppress central nervous system. Name this drug:
Loratadine
Tavegyl (Clemastine)
Suprastin (Chloropyramine)
Diprazine (Promethazine)
Dimedrol (Diphenhydramine)
4 із 200
During sanitary and bacteriological testing of water with the membrane filter technique there were revealed two red colonies on the membrane filter (Endo medium) through which 500 ml of water was filtered. Calculate the coli index and coli titer of this water:
4 and 250
2 and 500
250 and 4
500 and 2
250 and 2
5 із 200
Protective function of saliva is based on several mechanisms, including the presence of enzyme that has bactericidal action and causes lysis of complex capsular polysaccharides of staphylococci and streptococci. Name this enzyme:
Lysozyme
Oligo-1,6-glucosidase
Beta-glucuronidase
Alpha-amylase
Collagenase
6 із 200
What kind of muscle contraction occurs in an upper limb during an attempt to lift a load beyond one’s strength?
Isometric
Isotonic
Single
Auxotonic
Phasic
7 із 200
The patient’s pyramids of the medulla oblongata are damaged by tumor growth. As a result the conduction of nervous impulses will be impaired in the following pathway:
Tr. corticospinalis
Tr. dentatorubralis
Tr. corticonuclearis
Tr. spinocerebellaris
Tr. corticopontinus
8 із 200
A patient complains of pain in the upper umbilical region. On palpation there is a mobile painful intestine. What intestine is being palpated by the doctor?
Transverse colon
Duodenum
Ileum
Sigmoid colon
Jejunum
9 із 200
After inoculation of investigated material (feces) on 1% alkaline peptone water and 8-hour-long incubation in the thermostat under 37°C there is growth of pale bluish film observed. Such cultural properties are characteristic of the agent of the following disease:
Cholera
Dysentery
Plague
Paratyphoid A fever
Typhoid fever
10 із 200
Histological investigation of the uterine scrape of the 45-year-old woman with disturbed ovarian menstrual cycle revealed increased number of endometrial glands, some of which are serrated, while others are dilated and cyst-like. Make the diagnosis:
Endometrial cystic glandular hyperplasia
Placental polyp
Atypical endometrial hyperplasia
Endometrial adenocarcinoma
Glandular endometrial polyp
11 із 200
A pregnant woman with several miscarriages in anamnesis is prescribed a therapy that includes vitamin preparations. What vitamin facilitates carrying of a pregnancy?
Alpha-tocopherol
Cyanocobalamin
Pyridoxal phosphate
Rutin
Folic acid
12 із 200
A patient has decreased concentration of magnesium ions that are required for ribosomes connection to granular endoplasmic reticulum. This condition is known to disturb the process of protein biosynthesis. Disturbance occurs at the following stage:
Translation
Transcription
Amino acids activation
Processing
Replication
13 із 200
A patient with chronic heart failure presents with increased blood viscosity. Capillaroscopy detected damage to the vessel walls of the microcirculation system. What disorder is possible in the given case?
Blood ”sludge” phenomenon
Venous hyperemia
Arterial hyperemia
Embolism
Thrombosis
14 із 200
A 3-year-old boy with pronounced hemorrhagic syndrome has no antihemophilic globulin A ( factor VIII) in the blood plasma. Hemostasis has been impaired at the following stage :
Internal mechanism of prothrombinase activation
Blood clot retraction
External mechanism of prothrombinase activation
Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
15 із 200
Paronychia of the patient’s little finger was complicated with phlegmon of the hand and forearm. In this case the suppuration had spread through the:
Vagina synovialis communis mm. flexorum
Vagina tendinis m. flexor carpi radialis
Vagina tendinis m. flexor pollicis longi
Interfascial compartments
Canalis carpalis
16 із 200
During cholecystectomy besides a. cystyca another artery was pulled into the ligature. Ligation of this artery resulted in right-sided necrosis of the liver which led to the death of the patient. What artery was mistakenly ligated along with a. cystyca?
Ramus dexter a. hepatica propria
А. gasro-duodenalis
А. hepatica communis
А. pancreato-duodenalis sup
Ramus sinister a. hepatica propria
17 із 200
During treatment with bismuth preparations a patient with syphilis developed gray spots' on his oral mucosa and nephropathy symptoms. What drug is used as an antidote to bismuth preparations poisoning?
Unithiol
Methylene blue
Bemegride
Nalorphine
Naloxone
18 із 200
A patient with periodontitis of the lower molar came to the doctor. It was determined that the inflammatory process spread to the lymph nodes. What lymph nodes were the first to be affected by the inflammatory process?
Submandibular
Lateral cervical
Submental
Anterior cervical
Facial
19 із 200
A 63-year-old man suffers from esophageal carcinoma, presents with metastases into the mediastinal lymph nodes and cancerous cachexia. What pathogenetic stage of neoplastic process is observed in the patient?
Progression
-
Promotion
Transformation
Initiation
20 із 200
A person is in a room with air temperature of 38oC and relative air humidity of 50%. What type of heat transfer ensures maintenance of constant body core temperature under these conditions?
Evaporation
Conduction and convection
-
Radiation
Convection
21 із 200
A patient has hoarseness of voice. During laryngoscopy a gray-white larynx tumor with papillary surface has been detected. Microscopic investigation has shown the following: growth of connective tissue covered with multilayer, strongly keratinized pavement epithelium, no cellular atypia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Papilloma
Angiofibroma
Polyp
Angioma
Fibroma
22 із 200
A shepherd, who tended to the flock of sheep with his dogs, gradually developed pain in the chest and bloody expectorations. X-ray revealed spheric helminth larvae in the patient’s lungs. Specify the helminth that could be the causative agent of this disease:
Echinococcus
Hymenolepis nana
Diphylobotrium latum
Fasciola hepatica
Taenia solium
23 із 200
A 67-year-old patient with clinical diagnosis of chronic bronchitis, pneumosclerosis, and cardiopulmonary decompensation has the biopsy material taken from the suspicious area in his right bronchus mucosa. Cellular and tissue atypism along with pearly bodies can be histologically detected. What pathologic process is characterized by the described histological changes?
Squamous cell carcinoma of bronchus with keratinization
Acute bronchitis
Squamous cell metaplasia of bronchial mucosa
Polypoid chronic bronchitis
Bronchiectasis
24 із 200
A child with point mutation presents with absence of glucose 6-phosphatase, hypoglycemia, and hepatomegaly. What pathology are these signs characteristic of?
Von Gierke’s disease (Glycogen storage disease type I)
Addison’s disease (Primary adrenal insufficiency)
Cori’s disease (Glycogen storage disease type III)
Parkinson’s disease
McArdle’s disease (Glycogen storage disease type V)
25 із 200
At the 2-3 day after the gastric resection the patient’s intestinal peristalsis failed to restore. What should the patient be prescribed to stimulate the function of his gastrointestinal tract?
Proserin
Dithyline (Suxamethonium chloride)
Platyphyllin
Atropine
Cyclodol (Trihexyphenidyl)
26 із 200
Examination of the patient with traumatic brain injury revealed that he has lost the ability to discern the movement of an object on the skin. What part of the cerebral cortex is damaged?
Posterior central gyrus
Frontal lobe
Occipital lobe
Parietal lobe
Anterior central gyrus
27 із 200
Blood test of the patient revealed albumine content of 20 g/l and increased activity of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 5 (LDH5). These results indicate disorder of the following organ:
Liver
Kidneys
Spleen
Lungs
Heart
28 із 200
Section shows significant enlargement of the patient’s right kidney. There is a nephrolith at the place of incision. Renal pelvic lumen is distended with accumulating urine. Renal parenchyma is acutely thinned out. What is the most correct diagnosis?
Hydronephrosis
Pyelectasis
Nephroblastoma
Hydroureteronephrosis
Renal cyst
29 із 200
A patient demonstrates sharp decrease of pulmonary surfactant activity. This condition can result in:
Alveolar tendency to recede
Hyperoxemia
Decreased airways resistance
Increased pulmonary ventilation
Decreased work of expiratory muscles
30 із 200
After a case of cold the patient developed a lacrimation disorder. This disorder was caused by functional disturbance of the following autonomic ganglion:
Pterygopalatine
Otic
Submandibular
Ciliary
Sublingual
31 із 200
A patient is diagnosed with diabetic coma. Blood sugar is 18,44 mmol/l. What glucoseregulating drug should be prescribed in the given case?
Rapid-acting insulin
Intermediate-acting insulin
Sulfonylurea derivative
Long-acting insulin
Biguanide
32 із 200
A man came into the admission room with complaints of edemas, rapid heart rate, dyspnea, and cyanotic mucosal tunics. He was diagnosed with chronic heart failure. What drug should be prescribed to improve the patient’s general state?
Digoxin
Cordiamin
Nitroglycerine
Mesaton (Phenylephrine)
Papaverine hydrochloride
33 із 200
Exposure to colchicine resulted in metaphase plate of a human containing 23 chromosomes more than it is normal. Name this mutation:
Polyploidy
Translocation
Aneuploidy
Inversion
Polyteny
34 із 200
A 30-year-old man complains of suffocation, heaviness in the chest on the right, general weakness. Body temperature is 38,9oC. Objectively the right side of the chest lags behind the left side during respiration. Pleurocentesis yielded exudate. What is the leading factor of exudation in the patient?
Increased permeability of the vessel wall
Increased blood pressure
Hypoproteinemia
Decreased resorption of pleural fluid
Erythrocyte aggregation
35 із 200
A 46-year-old woman suffering from cholelithiasis developed jaundice. Her urine became dark yellow, while feces are light-colored. What substance will be the most increased in concentration in the blood serum in this case?
Conjugated bilirubin
Unconjugated bilirubin
Urobilinogen
Mesobilirubin
Biliverdine
36 із 200
A traumatology unit received a patient with crushed muscular tissue. What biochemical indicator of urine will be raised in this case?
Creatinine
Uric acid
Glucose
Total lipids
Mineral salts
37 із 200
A 30-year-old woman first developed pain, swelling, and skin redness in the area of joints about a year ago. Provisional diagnosis is rheumatoid arthritis. One of the likely causes of this disease is change in the structure of the following connective tissue protein:
Collagen
Ovalbumin
Mucin
Troponin
Myosin
38 із 200
A 15-year-old teenager complains of lack of air, general weakness, palpitations. Heart rate is 130 /min., BP is 100/60 mm Hg. ECG: QRS complex has normal shape and duration. The number of P waves and ventricular complexes is equal, T wave merges with P wave. What type of cardiac arrhythmia is observed in the teenager?
Sinus tachycardia
Sinus extrasystole
Atrial thrill
Atrial fibrillation
Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
39 із 200
A patient complaining of dizziness, thirst, difficult swallowing, and impaired vision of close objects has addressed a doctor. Objectively: respiratory rate is increased, pupils are dilated, general agitation, talkativeness, though the speech is indistinct. BP is 110/70 mm Hg, heart rate is 110/min. Given symptoms can indicate overdosage of the following drug:
Atropine
Aminazine
Morphine
Caffeine
Ephedrine
40 із 200
On autopsy of a 40-year-old woman, who had been suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, her liver is found to be dense and enlarged. On dissection its tissue is red-brown colored, with enlarged follicles resembling semi-transparent grayish-white granules. What is the most likely pathological process?
Sago spleen
Sugar-coated spleen
Porphyry spleen
Lardaceous spleen
Splenic hyalinosis
41 із 200
On autopsy the dissector determined that the lungs are enlarged, pale, soft, do not deflate, crunch when cut. Microscopically there are dilated alveolar ducts, alveolar septa are thin, and signs of intracapillary sclerosis are observed. What pulmonary disorder are these presentations characteristic of?
Emphysema
Atelectasis
Pneumosclerosis
Pneumothorax
Pneumonia
42 із 200
During removal of the hyperplastic thyroid gland of a 47-year-old woman, the parathyroid gland was damaged. One month after the surgery the patient developed signs of hypoparathyroidism: frequent convulsions, hyperreflexia, laryngospasm. What is the most likely cause of the patient’s condition?
Hypocalcemia
Hyponatremia
Hypophosphatemia
Hyperchlorhydria
Hyperkalemia
43 із 200
On examination the patient presents with hirsutism, moon-shaped face, stretch marks on the abdomen. BP is 190/100 mm Hg, blood glucose is 17,6 mmol/l. What pathology is such clinical presentation characteristic of?
Adrenocortical hyperfunction
Gonadal hypofunction
Hypothyroidism
Hyperfunction of the insular apparatus
Hyperthyroidism
44 із 200
Histological specimen of the ovary shows large hollow structures. Primary oocyte within these structures is surrounded with transparent membrane and radiating crown and is situated in the cumulus oophorus, the wall is made of follicular cell layer and theca. What ovarian structure can be characterized by these morphological features?
Mature (tertiary) follicle
Corpus atreticum
Primary follicle
Primordial follicle
Corpus luteum
45 із 200
Histological specimen demonstrates a parenchymal organ with cortical and medullary substances. The cortical substance is composed of bands of epithelial cells with capillary blood vessels between them. The bands form three zones. The medullary substance consists of chromaffin cells and venous sinusoids. What organ can be characterized by these morphological features?
Adrenal gland
Thyroid gland
Thymus
Kidney
Lymph node
46 із 200
A child with suspected colienteritis was delivered to the infectious diseases hospital. Colibacillus was obtained from the child’s feces. How to determine whether this bacillus is of pathogenic variety?
Agglutination reaction with serum 0
Based on the nature of its growth in Endo medium
By means of bacteriophage typing
Microscopy of stained smears
Based on its biochemical properties
47 із 200
A patient ungergoes right-sided pulmonectomy due to lung cancer. Name the anatomical structures of the right lung radix (downward order):
Bronchus, artery, veins
Veins, artery, bronchus
Artery, bronchus, veins
Veins, bronchus, artery
Artery, veins, bronchus
48 із 200
In a township there was registered an outbreak of hepatitis, which was attributed to water supply. What hepatitis virus could be the cause of the outbreak in this township?
Hepatitis E virus
Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis C virus
Hepatitis G virus
Hepatitis D virus
49 із 200
A 64-year-old woman presents with disturbed fine motor function of her fingers, marked muscle rigidity, and tremor. The neurologist diagnosed her with Parkinson’s disease. What brain structures are damaged resulting in this disease?
Substantia nigra
Thalamus
Red nuclei
Cerebellum
Reticular formation
50 із 200
Due to prolonged taking of a drug the patient can develop osteoporosis, gastric mucosal erosions, hypokalemia, sodium and water retention, and decreased blood content of corticotropine. Specify this drug:
Prednisolone
Reserpine
Hydrochlorothiazide
Indometacin
Digoxin
51 із 200
Nitrogen is being excreted from the body mainly as urea. When activity of a certain enzyme in the liver is low, it results in inhibition of urea synthesis and nitrogen accumulation in blood and tissues. Name this enzyme:
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase
Pepsin
Amylase
Aspartate aminotransferase
Urease
52 із 200
After pancreatic surgery the patient developed hemorrhagic syndrome with disturbed 3rd stage of blood clotting. What will be the most likely mechanism of the hemostatic disorder?
Fibrinolysis activation
Decrease of prothrombin synthesis
Decrease of fibrinogen synthesis
Fibrin-stabilizing factor deficiency
Qualitative abnormalities of fibri-nogenesis
53 із 200
A patient with jaundice has high total bilirubin that is mainly indirect (unconjugated), high concentration of stercobilin in the feces and urine. The level of direct (conjugated) bilirubin in the blood plasma is normal. What type of jaundice can be suspected?
Hemolytic
Mechanical
Parenchymal (hepatic)
Gilbert’s disease
Neonatal
54 із 200
Histological specimen shows organ parenchyma to consist of lymphoid tissue that forms lymph nodules; the nodules are located diffusely and have a central artery. What anatomical structure has such morphological characteristics?
Spleen
Red bone marrow
Tonsil
Thymus
Lymph node
55 із 200
During fibergastroscopy of a patient with ulcer disease of the stomach, the mucosal biopsy material is taken from the area of an ulcer. Impression smear is prepared from the biopsy material and stained by Gram method; the rest of the biopsy material is tested for urease activity. Microscopy of the impression smear revealed gram-negative spiral-shaped microorganisms, urease activity test is positive. What bacteria were detected?
Helycobacter pylori
Campylobacter jeuni
Shigella flexneri
Spirilla minor
Treponema pallidum
56 із 200
A patient suffering from gout was prescribed allopurinol. What pharmacological property of allopurinol provides therapeutic effect in this case?
Competitive inhibition of xanthine oxidase
Acceleration of nitrogen-containing substances excretion
Acceleration of pyrimidine nucleotides catabolism
Acceleration of nucleic acids synthesis
Deceleration of pyrimidine nucleotides salvage
57 із 200
A woman, who has been suffering from marked hypertension for 15 years, has lately developed dyspnea, palpitations, slightly decreased systolic pressure, while diastolic pressure remains the same. What is the main mechanism of heart failure development in this case?
Cardiac overload due to increased vascular resistance
Dysregulation of cardiac function
Damage to the myocardium
Disorder of impulse conduction in the myocardium
Cardiac overload due to increased blood volume
58 із 200
Old burial ground for animal refuse, which has not been in use for the last 50 years, is planned to be given for housing development. However, the soil analysis detected viable spores of a causative agent of an extremely dangerous disease. What microorganism is the most likely to remain in the soil for such a long period of time?
Bacillus anthracis
Brucella abortus
Mycobacterium bovis
Francisella tularensis
Yersinia pestis
59 із 200
Blood of the patients with diabetes mellitus shows increased content of free fatty acids. Name the most likely cause of this:
Increased activity of adipose triglyceride lipase
Activation of ketone bodies utilization
Accumulation of palmitoyl-CoA in cytosol
Decreased activity of plasma phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol-acyltransferase
Activation of apoА1, apoА2, and apoА4 apolipoprotein synthesis
60 із 200
During autopsy of a man, who had been suffering from mitral stenosis, the lungs are revealed to be dense and brown-colored. What pathologic process had occurred in the lungs?
Hemosiderosis
Hemomelanosis
Hemochromatosis
Jaundice
Lipofuscinosis
61 із 200
Examination of the coronary arteries revealed atherosclerotic plaques with calcinosis that close the arterial opening by 1/3. In the muscle there are numerous whitish layers of connective tissue. Name the process detected in the myocardium:
Diffuse cardiosclerosis
Postinfarction cardiosclerosis
Myocarditis
Tiger heart
Myocardial infarction
62 із 200
T-lymphocytes are determined to be affected with HIV. In this case viral enzyme reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase) catalyzes the synthesis of:
DNA based on the viral RNA matrix
Informational RNA based on the viral protein matrix
Viral protein based on the viral RNA matrix
Viral DNA based on the DNA matrix
Viral RNA based on the DNA matrix
63 із 200
A woman with dense area in her mammary gland came to a surgeon. To minimize the trauma to the mammary gland lobule during the operation the surgeon should make the incision:
Radially
Vertically
Transversely
Arcuately
-
64 із 200
Electrical activity of neurons is being measured. They fire prior to and at the beginning of inhalation. Where are these neurons situated?
Medulla oblongata
Mesencephalon
Cerebral cortex
Spinal cord
Diencephalon
65 із 200
Investigation of an isolated cardiac myocyte determined that it does not generate excitation impulses automatically, which means this cardiac myocyte was obtained from the following cardiac structure:
Ventricles
Purkinje’s fibers
Atrioventricular node
His’ bundle
Sinoatrial node
66 із 200
To lose some weight a woman has been limiting the amount of products in her diet. 3 months later she developed edemas and her diuresis increased. What dietary component deficiency is the cause of this?
Proteins
Minerals
Vitamins
Fats
Carbohydrates
67 із 200
The patients with organic brain disorder can take the following drug to improve their memory:
Piracetam
Medazepam
Caffeine
Nitrazepam
Diazepam
68 із 200
A 40-year-old man developed skin redness and swelling in the neck area, where eventually a small abscess appeared. On section the focus is dense and yellow-green colored. In the purulent masses there are white granules. Histologically there are fungal druses, plasma and xanthome cells, and macrophages detected. Specify the most correct etiological name of this pathological process:
Actinomycosis
Leprosy
Furuncle
Carbuncle
Syphilis
69 із 200
In preparation for business trip abroad the doctor was prescribed a histoschi-zontocidal antimalarial drug as a personal means of disease prevention. What drug was given to the doctor?
Chingamin
Mefloquine
Doxycycline
Quinine
Biseptol (Co-trimoxazole)
70 із 200
A patient, who has been suffering from bronchial asthma for a long time, developed acute respiratory failure. What is the main mechanism of pathology development in this case?
Obstructive disorders of pulmonary ventilation
Pulmonary enzyme system disturbance
Restrictive disorders of pulmonary ventilation
Decreased elasticity of the pulmonary tissue
Pulmonary blood supply disturbance
71 із 200
A 40-year-old woman has undergone thyroidectomy. Histological study of thyroid gland found the follicles to be of different size and contain foamy colloid, follicle epithelium is high and forms papillae, there is focal lymphocytic infiltration in the stroma. Diagnose the thyroid gland disease:
Basedow’s disease
De Quervain’s disease
Riedel’s thyroiditis
Nodular goiter
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
72 із 200
A patient has been hospitalized with provisional diagnosis of virus B hepatitis. Serological reaction based on complementation of antigen with antibody chemically bound to peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase has been used for disease diagnostics. What is the name of the applied serological reaction?
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Complement fixation test
Immobilization test
Immunofluorescence test
Radioimmunoassay technique
73 із 200
Due to blood loss the circulating blood volume of a patient decreased. How will it affect the blood pressure in this patient?
Systolic and diastolic pressure will decrease
Only diastolic pressure will decrease
Systolic pressure will decrease, while diastolic will increase
Only systolic pressure will decrease
Diastolic pressure will decrease, while systolic will increase
74 із 200
A bacteriological laboratory tests canned meat for botulinum toxin. Extract of the tested material and ABE botulinum antitoxin serum was introduced into the test group of mice; the control group of mice received the extract without antibotulinic serum. What serological reaction was used?
Neutralization
Opsonophagocytic
Double immunodiffusion
Precipitation
Complement binding
75 із 200
A 50-year-old man is diagnosed with ischemic heart disease and cardiosclerosis with hypertensive syndrome. What drug should be prescribed in this case?
Metoprolol
Strophanthine
Acetylsalicylic acid
Corglycon
Potassium chloride
76 із 200
Poisoning caused by mercury (II) chloride (corrosive sublimate) occurred in the result of safety rules violation. In 2 days the patient’s diurnal diuresis became 620 ml. The patient developed headache, vomiting, convulsions, dyspnea; moist crackles are observed in the lungs. Name this pathology:
Acute renal failure
Uremic coma
Glomerulonephritis
Chronic renal failure
Pyelonephritis
77 із 200
Autopsy of a 9-year-old child shows numerous irregular defects of varying depth with uneven margins and gray-white films tightly attached to the underlying tissue on the rectal mucosa of the body. What disease can be suspected?
Dysentery
Salmonellosis
Typhoid fever
Cholera
Amebiasis
78 із 200
A man presents with glomerular filtration rate of 180 ml/min., while norm is 125±25 ml/min. The likely cause of it is the decreased:
Plasma oncotic pressure
Renal blood flow
Hydrostatic blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries
Effective filtration pressure
Permeability of the renal filter
79 із 200
A young man came to a hospital with complaints of disturbed urination. Examination of his external genitalia revealed the urethra to be split on the top, with urine flowing out of this opening. What type of external genitalia maldevelopment is observed in this case?
Epispadia
Hypospadias
Paraphimosis
Phimosis
Hermaphroditism
80 із 200
A 10-year-old child had cut his leg with a glass shard, when playing, and was delivered to the outpatient department to receive antitetanus serum. To prevent development of anaphylactic shock the serum was introduced by Bezredka method. This method of organism hyposensitization is based on the following mechanism:
Binding of mast cell-fixed IgE
Blocking of mast cell mediators synthesis
Stimulation of immune tolerance to antigen
Stimulation of antigen-specific IgG2
Stabilization of mast cell membranes
81 із 200
A 38-year-old man, who has been suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus for 3 years, developed diffuse renal lesions accompanied by massive edemas, marked proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, and dysproteinemia. What is the most likely mechanism of proteinuria develoment in this case?
Autoimmune damage to the nephrons
Ischemic damage to the tubules
Morbid affection of the urinary tracts
Inflammatory damage to the nephrons
Increased blood proteins
82 із 200
During experiment a part of the brain was extracted, which resulted in asynergy and dysmetria development in the test animal. What part of the brain was extracted in the animal?
Cerebellum
Mesencephalon
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Reticulum
83 із 200
A woman with polyarticular rheumatoid arthritis was prescribed a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug - diclofenac sodium. After the patient has been taking it for some time, her concomitant disease exacerbated, which forced the doctor to cancel the prescription of this drug. What concomitant disease could necessitate cancellation of this drug prescription?
Ulcer disease
Essential hypertension
Ischemic heart disease
Diabetes mellitus
Bronchial asthma
84 із 200
Histologic preparation stained with orcein demonstrates from 40 to 60 fenestrated elastic membranes within the middle coat of the vessel. Name this vessel:
Elastic artery
Muscular artery
Mixed type artery
Nonmuscular vein
Muscular vein
85 із 200
A woman with the III (В), Rh (-) blood group gave birth to a child with the II (А) blood group. The child is diagnosed with hemolytic disease of newborn caused by rhesus incompatibility. What blood group and Rh are likely in the father?
II (А), Rh (+)
III (B), Rh (+)
I (0), Rh (-)
II (A), Rh (-)
I (0), Rh (+)
86 із 200
A 40-year-old woman with Cushing’s disease presents with steroid diabetes. On biochemical examination she has hyperglycemia and hypochloremia. What process activates in the first place in such patients?
Gluconeogenesis
Glycolysis
Glucose transportation into a cell
Glycogenolysis
Glucose reabsorption
87 із 200
A 40-year-old prisoner died of tuberculosis in the corrective labor camp. Autopsy of the body revealed deformation and diminishing of both lung apices; in the both upper lobes there are multiple cavities with dense walls 2-3 mm thick; in the lower lung lobes there are disseminated foci of caseous necrosis varying from 5 mm to 2 cm in diameter. Diagnose the type of tuberculosis:
Secondary fibro-cavitary tuberculosis
Primary tuberculosis, primary affect development
Hematogenous macrofocal pulmonary tuberculosis
Secondary fibrous-focal tuberculosis
Secondary cirrhotic tuberculosis
88 із 200
A 7-year-old boy died of acute posthemorrhagic anemia caused by profuse hemorrhage in the gastrointestinal tract. Postmortem study revealed the following: macroscopically there were acutely enlarged various groups of the lymph nodes, thymomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly, and bright red bone marrow; microscopically there was hypercellular bone marrow with monomorphic infiltrations composed of blasts and diffuse-focal tumor infiltrations in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, brain substance and tunics. Make the diagnosis:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Acute undifferentiated leukemia
Acute myeloblastic leukemia
Acute monoblastic leukemia
Acute plasmablastic leukemia
89 із 200
Autopsy of a man, who served on a nuclear submarine, revealed the following pathologies: bone marrow atrophy (panmyelophthisis), anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, lymphocytes disintegration in the lymph nodes, spleen, gastrointestinal lymphatic system, and hemorrhages into the adrenal glands. What disease had developed in this case?
Acute radiation sickness
Acute leukemia
Decompression sickness
Acute anemia
Vibration disease
90 із 200
After sensitization a test animal received subcutaneously a dose of antigen. At the site of injection a fibrinous inflammation developed with alteration of vessel walls, basal substance, and fibrous structures of connective tissue. The inflammation took form of mucoid and fibrinoid degeneration, fibrinoid necrosis. What immune response occurred in the test animal?
Immediate hypersensitivity
Granulomatosis
Normergic reaction
Transplantation immune reaction
Delayed hypersensitivity
91 із 200
Preoperative examination revealed prothrombin deficiency in the blood of the patient. What drug should be preliminarily prescribed to mitigate blood loss in the patient during the surgery?
Vicasol (Menadione)
Contrykal (Aprotinin)
Thrombin
Aminocapronic acid
Phenylin (Phenindione)
92 із 200
A patient complaining of pain in the left shoulder-blade region has been diagnosed with miocardial infarction. What kind of pain does the patient have?
Radiating
Protopathic
Epicritic
Phantom
Visceral
93 із 200
During regular check-up a child is determined to have interrupted mineralization of the bones. What vitamin deficiency can be the cause?
Calciferol
Riboflavin
Tocopherol
Folic acid
Cobalamin
94 із 200
On examination the patient was determined to have strong, balanced, inert type of higher nervous activity according to Pavlov’s classification. What temperament according to Hippocrates is it?
Phlegmatic
-
Sanguine
Choleric
Melancholic
95 із 200
A specimen shows an organ covered with connective tissue capsule with trabeculae radiating inward the organ. The organ’s cortex contains lymph nodules; there are medullary cords made of lymphoid cells. What organ is under study?
Lymph node
Tonsils
Spleen
Red bone marrow
Thymus
96 із 200
Brain autopsy revealed an edema, hyperemia, and small hemorrhages in the medulla oblongata. Microscopically chromatolysis, hydropia and nerve cell necrosis are observed; within the cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells there are eosinophilic structures (Negri bodies) detected. What diagnosis corresponds with the described morphological signs?
Rabies
Encephalomyelitis
Encephalitis
Meningococcal meningitis
Brucellosis
97 із 200
A married couple came for a genetic counseling. The husband suffers from insulin-independent diabetes mellitus, while the wife is healthy. What is the probability of their child developing insulin-independent diabetes mellitus?
Higher than in the population
50 %
The same as in the population
100 %
Lower than in the population
98 із 200
A 46-year-old patient suffering from ulcer disease of the stomach is diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. What antiinflammatory drug would be the most advisable in this case?
Celecoxib
Analgin (Metamizole)
Paracetamol
Promedol (Trimeperidine)
Prednisolone
99 із 200
Electron micrograph of the kidney shows fenestrated endothelium lying on the basement membrane; the external surface of the membrane has adjacent dendritic epithelial cells. What do these structures form in the kidney?
Filtration barrier
Henle’s loop
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Distal nephron
Proximal nephron
100 із 200
A worker of an agricultural enterprise had been suffering from an acute disease with aggravating intoxication signs, which resulted in his death. On autopsy: the spleen is enlarged, flaccid, dark cherry-red on section, yields excessive pulp scrape. Soft meninges of the fornix and base of the brain are edematous and saturated with blood (’’cardinal’s cap”). Microscopically: serous-hemorrhagic inflammation of meninges and cerebral tissues. Make the diagnosis:
Anthrax
Plague
Cholera
Brucellosis
Tularemia
101 із 200
A woman suffers from tonsillitis complicated with retropharyngeal abscess that is localized in the spatium retrovi-scerale. In this case the suppurative process can spread to the:
Mediastinum posterius
Spatium pretracheale
Mediastinum anterius
Spatium interaponeuroticum suprasternale
Spatium interscalenum
102 із 200
A patient with chronic bronchitis was prescribed a drug with mucolytic action. Name this drug:
Ambroxol
Atropine sulfate
Magnesium sulfate
Paracetamol
Anaprilin (Propranolol)
103 із 200
A patient suffers from acute cardiopulmonary failure with pulmonary edema. What diuretic should be prescribed in the given case?
Furosemide
Triamterene
Spironolactone
Dichlothiazidum (Hydrochlorothiazide)
Diacarb (Acetazolamide)
104 із 200
Therapeutics unit of a hospital received a man suffering from ulcer disease of the stomach with hyperacidity. Which of the listed group of drugs must be used as a part of the complex therapy of this patient?
Histamine H2-receptor antagonists
Steroidal antiinflammatory drugs
Histamine Hi-receptor antagonists
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
Calcium channel blockers
105 із 200
A 45-year-old woman gave birth to a boy with cleft maxilla (cleft lip and palate). On additional examination there are significant disturbances of the boy’s nervous, cardiovascular, and visual systems. Karyotype investigation allowed diagnosing the patient with trisomy 13. What syndrome is present in the boy?
Patau
Turner
Kleinfelter
DiGeorge
Down
106 із 200
Pathologic material (mucosal excretion from the nasal passages) obtained from a patient provisionally diagnosed with influenza was delivered to the virological laboratory. What quick test allows detecting specific viral antigen in the investigated material?
Direct and indirect immunofluorescence (IF)
Direct and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Reverse indirect haemagglutination (RI-HA)
Hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI)
Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
107 із 200
A 5-year-old child is diagnosed with Bruton syndrome (X-linked agammaglobulinemia) that manifests itself in severe clinical course of bacterial infections and absence of B lymphocytes and plasma cells. What changes of immunoglobulin content can be observed in blood serum of the child with immunodeficiency?
Decreased IgA, IgM
Decreased IgD, IgE
No changes
Increased IgD, IgE
Increased IgA, IgM
108 із 200
A 37-year-old man, who was working in a caisson, after being lifted to the surface suddenly developed signs of acute cerebral circulation disturbance and loss of consciousness. Several days later he died. On autopsy in the left cerebral hemisphere there was detected a gray soft irregular focus 5х6х3,5 cm in size. What process had occurred in the brain?
Ischemic stroke
Abscess
Tumor
Hemorrhagic infarction
Cyst
109 із 200
A short-term physical load resulted in reflex increase of heart rate and systemic arterial pressure in a person. What receptor activation was the most contributory to inducing the pressor reflex?
Proprioceptors of the working muscles
Hypothalamic thermoreceptors
Vascular chemoreceptors
Vascular baroreceptors
Vascular volume receptors
110 із 200
During experiment a skeletal muscle is being stimulated with a series of electrical impulses. What type of muscular contraction will develop, if each following impulse occurs within the relaxation period after the previous single contraction of the muscle?
Incomplete tetanus
Asynchronous tetanus
Muscle contracture
Smooth tetanus
Series of single contractions
111 із 200
Depression and emotional disturbances result from the lack of noradrenaline, serotonin, and other biogenic amines in the brain. Their content in the synapses can be increased through administration of antidepressants that inhibit the following enzyme:
Monoamine oxidase
D -amino acid oxidase
Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase
Diamine oxidase
L-amino acids oxidase
112 із 200
A 2-year-old child presents with acute psychomotor retardation, vision and hearing impairment, sharp enlargement of the liver and spleen. The child is diagnosed with hereditary Niemann-Pick disease. What genetic defect is the cause of this disease?
Sphingomyelinase deficiency
Acid lipase deficiency
Glucose 6-phosphatase deficiency
Xanthine oxidase deficiency
Amylo-1,6-glucosidase deficiency
113 із 200
Clinical presentations of a woman allowed provisionally diagnosing her with X polysomy Cytogenetic method is applied to clarify the diagnosis. The diagnosis will be confirmed if the patient’s karyotype is:
47, ХХХ
47, XXY
48, XXXY
48, XXYY
46, XX
114 із 200
During dehelmintization there was a 3,5-meter-long tapeworm produced from the patient’s intestine.There are 4 suckers and hooks on the tapeworm’s scolex. Mature segments of the tapeworm are immobile and have up to 12 uterine branches. What disease is it?
Teniasis
Opisthorchiasis
Diphyllobothriasis
Echinococcosis
Beef tapeworm infection
115 із 200
A patient presents with steatorrhea. This disorder can be linked to disturbed supply of the intestine with the following substances:
Bile acids
Tripsin
Carbohydrates
Amylase
Chymotrypsin
116 із 200
Cytochrome oxidase is a hemeprotein that is an end component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. What reaction is catalyzed with this enzyme?
Transfer of reduced equivalents to molecular oxygen
Cytochrome synthesis
Cytochrome splicing
Adenosine triphosphate synthesis
Transfer of reduced equivalents to ubiquinone
117 із 200
A 16-year-old girl fainted when she tried to quickly change her position from hori-sontal to vertical. What caused the loss of consciousness in the girl?
Decreased venous return
Increased venous return
Decreased oncotic plasma pressure
Increased arterial pressure
Increased central venous pressure
118 із 200
An unconscious patient was delivered by ambulance to the hospital. On objective examination the patient was found to have no reflexes, periodical convulsions, irregular breathing. After laboratory examination the patient was diagnosed with hepatic coma. Disorders of the central nervous system develop due to the accumulation of the following metabolite:
Ammonia
Bilirubin
Urea
Histamine
Glutamine
119 із 200
A patient complains of acute pain attacks in the right lumbar region. During examination the nephrolithic obturation of the right ureter in the region between its abdominal and pelvic segments has been detected. What anatomical boundary exists between those two segments?
Linea terminalis
Linea inguinalis
Linea arcuata
Linea transversa
Linea semilunaris
120 із 200
After mushroom poisoning the patient developed signs of acute hepatic failure leading to his death. On autopsy the liver is diminished, flaccid; the capsule is wrinkled; the tissue is ochreyellow on section. Microscopically: fatty degeneration of hepatocytes, necrotic central segments of the hepatic lobes. These changes are characteristic of:
Massive progressive necrosis
Acute exudative hepatitis
Hepatolenticular degeneration
Fatty hepatosis
Acute productive hepatitis
121 із 200
Blood test of an athlete shows the following: erythrocytes - 5,5 • 1012/l, hemoglobin - 180 g/l, leukocytes - 7 • 109/l, neutrophils - 64%, basophils - 0,5%, eosinophils - 0,5%, monocytes - 8%, lymphocytes - 27%. These values primarily indicate the stimulation of:
Erythropoiesis
Granulocytopoiesis
Lymphopoiesis
Leukopoiesis
Immunogenesis
122 із 200
Experimental stimulation of the sympathetic nerve branches that innervate the heart caused an increase in the force of heart contractions because the membrane of typical cardiomyocytes permitted an increase in:
Calcium ion entry
Potassium ion exit
Potassium ion entry
Calcium ion exit
Calcium and potassium ion exit
123 із 200
As a result of past encephalitis, a man has developed an increase in cerebrospinal fluid pressure in the right lateral ventricle. What can be the cause of this condition?
Closure of the right interventricular foramen
Closure of the left interventricular foramen
Atresia of the tubus medullaris
Atresia of the fourth ventricle foramina
Atresia of the sylvian aqueduct
124 із 200
A patient with pneumonia has body temperature of 39,2oC. What cells are the main producers of endogenous pyrogen that had caused such temperature rise?
Monocytes
Endotheliocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Fibroblasts
125 із 200
A patient is diagnosed with compression fracture of the lumbar vertebra. The patient presents with acutely increased lumbar lordosis. What ligament was damaged in this patient resulting in such deformation of vertebral column curvature?
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Yellow ligament
Iliolumbar ligament
Interspinal ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
126 із 200
Gram-positive spore-forming bacilli were extracted in anoxic environment from the patient’s wound contaminated with soil. Cultivation on a blood-glucose agar resulted in growth of the colonies surrounded with hemolysis zone. What agent was extracted from the wound?
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium botulinum
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli
127 із 200
The patient’s ECG shows that in the second standard lead from the extremities the P waves are positive, their amplitude is 0,1 mV (norm is 0,05-0,25 mV), duration -0,1 seconds (norm is 0,07-0,10 seconds). It can be concluded that the following process occurs normally in the cardiac atria:
Depolarization
Contraction
Repolarization
Activation
Relaxation
128 із 200
Autopsy of a patient, who died of bilateral bronchopneumonia, shows in the left lung lower lobe a cavity 5 cm in diameter, filled with liquid yellowish-white substance. What complication of the patient’s pneumonia had developed?
Abscess
Sequestrum
Tuberculoma
Gangrene
Granuloma
129 із 200
A patient, who has been subsisting exclusively on polished rice, has developed polyneuritis due to thiamine deficiency. What substance is an indicator of such avitaminosis, when it is excreted with urine?
Pyruvic acid
Uric acid
Phenyl pyruvate
Malate
Methylmalonic acid
130 із 200
It is known that pentose-phosphate pathway actively functions in the erythrocytes. What is the main function of this metabolic pathway in the erythrocytes?
Counteraction to lipid peroxidation
Activation of microsomal oxidation
Oxidation of glucose into lactate
Increase of lipid peroxidation
Neutralization of xenobiotics
131 із 200
Pupil dilation occurs when a person steps from a light room into a dark one. What reflex causes such a reaction?
Sympathetic unconditioned reflex
Sympathetic conditioned reflex
Parasympathetic unconditioned reflex
Parasympathetic conditioned reflex
Metasympathetic reflex
132 із 200
A patient complaining of heartburn has undergone biopsy of the gastric mucosa. In the sample there are numerous cells with oxyphilic cytoplasm in the glandular epithelium. Name these cells:
Exocrine parietal cells
Epithelial cells
Mucous cells
Exocrine chief cells
Endocrine cells
133 із 200
Inherited diseases, such as mucopolysaccharidoses, manifest in metabolic disorders of connective tissue, bone and joint pathologies. The sign of this disease is the excessive urinary excretion of the following substance:
Glycosaminoglycans
Urea
Amino acids
Glucose
Lipids
134 із 200
A woman was delivered to a gynecological unit with signs of acute abdomen and suspected extrauterine pregnancy with oviduct rupture. Where will the blood accumulate in this case?
Rectouterine pouch
Right lateral canal
Retrovesical pouch
Vesicouterine pouch
Left lateral canal
135 із 200
A patient had a trauma that caused dysfunction of motor centers regulating activity of head muscles. These centers can normally be located in the following area of the cerebral cortex:
Inferior part of the precentral gyrus
Superior parietal lobule
Angular gyrus
Superior part of the precentral gyrus
Supramarginal gyrus
136 із 200
At the post-mortem examination the stomach of a patient with renal failure was found to have a yellow-brown coating on the thickened mucosa. The coating was firmly adhering to its surface and had significant thickness. Microscopy revealed congestion and necrosis of mucosal and submucosal layers, fibrin presence. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Diphtheritic gastritis
Corrosive gastritis
Catarrhal gastritis
Croupous gastritis
Phlegmonous gastritis
137 із 200
Cystinuria manifests itself in a human as cystine stones in the kidneys (homozygous individuals) or increased cystine content in the urine (heterozygous individuals). Cystinuria is a monogenic disorder. Determine the type of interaction between the genes of cystinuria and normal urine cystine excretion:
Semidominance
Complete dominance
Codominance
Complementarity
Epistasis
138 із 200
A patient with obliterating atherosclerosis has undergone sympathectomy of the femoral artery in the area of femoral triangle. What type of arterial hyperemia was developed in the patient due to this surgery?
Neuroparalytic
Functional
Reactive
Neurotonic
Metabolic
139 із 200
On bronchoscopy there is a polypoid growth 1,0 cm in diameter with ulcer in its center in the upper lobe of the right lung. Histological investigation revealed a tumor composed of lymphocyte-like cells with hyperchromic nuclei, the cells form layers and bands. What is the most likely tumor type?
Undifferentiated small cell carcinoma
Glandular squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Undifferentiated large cell carcinoma
140 із 200
The brain trauma unit received a patient with damaged greater wing of the sphenoid bone. The fracture line crosses the spinous foramen of the sphenoid. What vessel was damaged?
Middle meningeal artery
Posterior deep temporal artery
Lateral pterygoid artery
Superficial temporal artery
Anterior deep temporal artery
141 із 200
In one of Polessye regions there was an outbreak of helminthiasis manifested by cramps and facial edemas. The developed preventive measures in particular included ban for eating infested pork even after heat processing. What helminthiasis was the case?
Trichinosis
Echinococcosis
Teniasis
Taeniarhynchosis
Alveococcosis
142 із 200
A person with vitamin A deficiency develops twilight vision disturbance. Name the cells that fulfill this photoreceptor function:
Rod cells
Cone cells
Horizontal cells of retina
Ganglionic nerve cells
Bipolar neurons
143 із 200
Presented is the biopsy material of an organ consisting of saccule-shaped rounded structures of varying size. Inside these structures there is a gel-like non-cellular substance - colloid; structure walls are composed of one layer of cuboidal cells that lay on the basement membrane. Between the saccules there is connective tissue with vessels. Name this organ:
Thyroid gland
Thymus
Parathyroid gland
Pancreas
Parotid gland
144 із 200
A 26-year-old woman with bronchitis has been administered a broad spectrum antibiotic as a causal treatment drug. Specify this drug:
Doxycycline
Interferon
Dexamethasone
Ambroxol
BCG vaccine
145 із 200
Water affects the mucosa of lower nasal passages resulting in diving reflex. This responce manifests itself as:
Reflex apnea
Bronchial spasm
Reflex hyperpnea
Cough
Reflex dyspnea
146 із 200
Examination of a 56-year-old woman with a history of type 1 diabetes revealed a disorder of protein metabolism that is manifested by aminoacidemia in the laboratory blood test values, and clinically by the delayed wound healing and decreased synthesis of antibodies. Which of the following mechanisms causes the development of aminoacidemia?
Increased proteolysis
Increase in low-density lipoproteins level
Albuminosis
Decrease in concentration of blood amino acids
Increase in plasma oncotic pressure
147 із 200
One of the factors that cause obesity is the inhibition of fatty acids oxidation due to:
Low carnitine content
Excessive consumption of fatty foods
Impaired phospholipid synthesis
Choline deficiency
Lack of carbohydrates in the diet
148 із 200
Streptomycin and other aminoglycosides prevent the joining of formyl-methionyl-tRNA by bonding with the 30S ribosomal subunit. This effect leads to disruption of the following process:
Translation initiation in procaryotes
Replication initiation in procaryotes
Transcription initiation in procaryotes
Transcription initiation in eucaryotes
Translation initiation in eucaryotes
149 із 200
In hot weather ventilators are often used to normalize the microclimate in the heated rooms. It leads to intensified heat transfer from the human body by means of:
Convection
Conduction
Conduction and convection
Evaporation
Radiation
150 із 200
During gastric resection the patient received mixed anesthesia with tubocurarin chloride muscle relaxant; to restore spontaneous respiration the patient received proserin. What pharmacological group does this drug belong to?
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Muscarinic antagonists
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors
Muscarinic agonists
Calcium channel blockers
151 із 200
A 67-year-old man consumes eggs, pork fat, butter, milk and meat. Blood test results: cholesterol - 12,3 mmol/l, total lipids - 8,2 g/l, increased low-density lipoprotein fraction (LDL). What type of hyperlipoproteinemia is observed in the patient?
Hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa
Hyperlipoproteinemia type I
Hyperlipoproteinemia type IV
Cholesterol, hyperlipoproteinemia
Hyperlipoproteinemia type IIb
152 із 200
To treat bronchitis the patient was prescribed a beta-lactam antibiotic. Its mechanism of action is based on inhibition of murein production, which results in death of the causative agent. Name this drug:
Penicillin G Sodium Salt
Bijochinol (Quinine bismuth iodide)
Ciprofloxacin
Streptomycin
Azithromycin
153 із 200
Cell membrane rest potential changed from -85 to -90 mV It can be caused by activation of the following cell membrane channels:
Potassium
Sodium
Potassium and sodium
Calcium
Potassium and calcium
154 із 200
Ionizing radiation or vitamin E deficiency affect the cell by increasing lysosome membrane permeability. What are the possible consequences of this pathology?
Partial or complete cell destruction
Restoration of cytoplasmic membrane
Intensive energy production
Formation of maturation spindle
Intensive protein synthesis
155 із 200
A 22-year-old woman ate some seafood. 5 hours later her torso and distal parts of her limbs developed small itchy papules which were partially fused together. One day later the rash disappeared spontaneously. Specify the hypersensitivity mechanism underlying these changes:
Atopy (local anaphylaxis)
Systemic anaphylaxis
Cellular cytotoxicity
Immune complex hypersensitivity
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytolysis
156 із 200
During acute hemorrhage the body loses not only fluid but also electrolytes. What substance solution can be used as a simple blood substitute?
Sodium chloride
Calcium chloride
Sodium bromide
Albumin
Sodium nucleotide
157 із 200
A patient has been admitted to the contagious isolation ward with signs of jaundice caused by hepatitis virus. Which of the symptoms given below is strictly specific for hepatocellular jaundice?
Increase of ALT, AST level
Bilirubinuria
Hyperbilirubinemia
Cholemia
Urobilinuria
158 із 200
In a body of a 37-year-old woman, who died with signs of pulmonary edema, there was detected acute deformation of the aortic valve: it is shortened, thickened, ulcerated, has areas of stone-like density. On its external surface there are large, up to 2 cm in diameter, thrombotic plaques. Left ventricle wall is 2,2 cm thick. Cardiac muscle is dull, matt, and flaccid. What type of endocarditis corresponds with described alterations of the aortic valve?
Ulcerative polypoid endocarditis
Diffuse endocarditis
Recurrent verrucous endocarditis
Fibroplastic endocarditis
Acute verrucous endocarditis
159 із 200
Students study the stages of gametogenesis. They analyze a cell with haploid number of chromosomes, whi-th each chromosome consisting of two chromatids. The chromosomes are located in the equatorial plane of the cell. Such situation is typical of the following stage of meiosis:
Metaphase of the second division
Anaphase of the first division
Metaphase of the first division
Prophase of the first division
Anaphase of the second division
160 із 200
A 38-year-old woman developed a bronchial asthma attack. Which of the listed bronchial spasmolytics is effective for emergency aid and belongs to beta-2-adrenergic agonists?
Salbutamol
Ipratropium bromide
Atropine
Platyphyllin
Adrenaline
161 із 200
After emotional upset a woman has been suffering from disturbed sleep for several days. What soporific drug would be preferable for this type of insomnia?
Nitrazepam
Ethaminal sodium (Pentobarbital)
Chloral hydrate
Barbamylum (Amobarbital)
Phenobarbital
162 із 200
During training session in the laboratory the students were performing spirography on themselves. What indicator CANNOT be measured with this method?
Functional residual capacity
Respiration rate
Vital capacity
Maximal breathing capacity
Respiratory minute volume
163 із 200
In the South and Central America there can be found a species of trypanosomes that is the causative agent of Chagas disease. What animal is the infection carrier specific to this disease?
Triatomine bug
Mosquito
Cockroach
Gnat
Tsetse fly
164 із 200
A 54-year-old woman was brought to the emergency department after a car accident. A traumatologist diagnosed her with multiple fractures of the lower extremities. What kind of embolism is the most likely to develop in this case?
Adipose
Thromboembolism
Air
Tissue
Gaseous
165 із 200
A 30-year-old man with diabetes mellitus type I was hospitalized. The patient is comatose. Laboratory tests revealed hyperglycemia and ketonemia. What metabolic disorder can be detected in this patient?
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
Acid-base balance is normal
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic alkalosis
166 із 200
Typical manifestations of food poisoning caused by C. botulinum are double vision, abnormal functioning of the swallowing and breathing. These symptoms develop as the result of:
Exotoxin action
Enterotoxic shock development
Enterotoxin action
Pathogen adhesion to the enterocyte receptors
Activation of adenylate cyclase
167 із 200
An infant, who was on synthetic formula feeding, developed signs of vitamin B\ deficiency. What reactions does this vitamin take part in?
Keto acids oxidative decarboxylation
Amino acids transamination
Redox reactions
Amino acids decarboxylation
Proline hydroxylation
168 із 200
A 30-year-old woman developed the signs of virilism (body hair growth, balding temples, disturbed menstrual cycle). What hormone can cause this condition when hyperproduced?
Testosterone
Estriol
Prolactin
Relaxin
Oxytocin
169 із 200
A histological specimen shows significant amount of mucous connective tissue (Wharton’s jelly), vessels, as well as residual yolk and allantois. Name this organ:
Umbilical cord
Ureter
Esophagus
Urethra
Vermiform appendix
170 із 200
On examination of a 6-year-old child the doctor noticed grayish film on the child’s tonsils. Microscopy of the smears stained by Neisser method detected there Corynebacterium diphtheriae. What morphologic feature was the most indicative for determining the type of the agent?
Polar placement of volutin granules
Fence-like position of the agent’s cells
Localization of the causative agent within macrophages
Spores that exceed cells in diameter
Presence of the capsule
171 із 200
During the sports competition a boxer received a strong blow to the abdomen, which caused a knockout due to a brief drop in blood pressure. What physiological mechanisms are the cause of this condition?
Stimulation of parasympathetic nerves
Alteration of transcapillary exchange
Abrupt change in body fluid volume
Stimulation of sympathetic nerves
Ischemia of the central nervous system
172 із 200
After a severe stress the patient presents with eosinopenia in the blood test. In this case the decreased number of eosinophils can explain changes in the level of the following hormones:
Glucocorticoids
Adrenaline
Vasopressin
Insulin
Mineralocorticoids
173 із 200
A 30-year-old patient’s blood test revealed the following: erythrocyte count is 6 • 1012/l, hemoglobin is 10,55 mmol/l. Vaquez’s disease was diagnosed. Name the leading part of pathogenesis in this case:
Neoplastic erythroid hyperplasia
Hypoxia
Acidosis
S12-deficiency
Iron-deficiency
174 із 200
Deaf parents with genotypes DDee and ddEE gave birth to a child with normal hearing. Specify the interaction of D and E genes:
Complementary interaction
Polymery
Complete dominance
Epistasis
Overdominance
175 із 200
Corticosteroid hormones regulate the adaptation processes of the body as a whole to environmental changes and ensure the maintenance of internal homeostasis. What hormone activates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis?
Corticoliberin
Corticostatin
Somatostatin
Thyroliberin
Somatoliberin
176 із 200
A patient with signs of emotional lability that result in troubled sleep has been prescribed nitrazepam. Specify the sleep-inducing mechanism of this drug:
GABA-ergic system activation
Blockade of opiate receptors
H1-histamine receptors stimulation
Inhibition of stimulating amino acids
Supression of serotonergic neurotransmission
177 із 200
A 50-year-old inpatient during examination presents with glucosuria and blood glucose of 3,0 mmol/l, which are the most likely to be caused by:
Renal disorder
Pellagra
Myxedema
Diabetes insipidus
Essential hypertension
178 із 200
A man is suffering from diarrhea. In summer he spent his vacation in the south at the sea coast. Bacteria with the following properties were detected in his feces: gramnegative curved mobile monotrichous bacilli that do not produce spores or capsules. They are undemanding to nutrient medium but require alkaline reaction (рН - 8,5-9,5). Described are the agents of the following enteric infection:
Cholera
Shigellosis
Colienteritis
Pseudotuberculosis
Typhoid fever
179 із 200
A pregnant woman was detected to have IgM to rubella virus. An obstetrician-gynecologist recommended therapeutic abortion due to the high risk of teratogenic affection of the fetus. Detection of IgM was of great importance as it is these specific immunoglobulins that:
Indicate recent infection
Are associated with anaphylactic reactions
Have the largest molecular weight
Are the main factor of antiviral protection
Penetrate placental barrier
180 із 200
During examination of a teenager with xanthomatosis the family history of hypercholesterolemia is revealed. What transportable lipids are increased in concentration in case of such a disease?
Low-density lipoproteins
Very low-density lipoproteins
High-density lipoproteins
Intermediate-density lipoproteins
Chylomicrons
181 із 200
On examination the patient is found to have low production of adrenocorticotropic hormone. How would this affect production of the other hormones?
Decrease adrenocorticotropic hormones synthesis
Increase sex hormones synthesis
Decrease hormone synthesis in the adrenal medulla
Increase thyroid hormones synthesis
Decrease insulin synthesis
182 із 200
Parkinson’s disease is caused by disturbance of dopamine synthesis. What brain structure synthesizes this neurotransmitter?
Substantia nigra
Red nuclei
Corpora quadrigemina
Globus pallidus
Hypothalamus
183 із 200
Determining a patient’s blood group with monoclonal test-reagents revealed positive agglutination reaction to anti-A and anti-B reagents, and negative reaction to anti-D. What blood group does this patient have?
IV (АВ) Rh (-)
IV (АВ) Rh (+)
I (0) Rh (+)
II (А) Rh (+)
III (В) Rh (-)
184 із 200
A patient visited a dentist to extract a tooth. After the tooth had been extracted, bleeding from the tooth socket continued for 15 minutes. Anamnesis states that the patient suffers from active chronic hepatitis. What phenomenon can extend the time of hemorrhage?
Decrease of fibrinogen content in blood
Hypocalcemia
Decrease of albumine content in blood
Thrombocytopenia
Increased activity of anticoagulation system
185 із 200
During ascent into mountains a person develops increased respiration rate and rapid heart rate. What is the cause of these changes?
Decrease of O2 partial pressure
Increase of air humidity
Increase of CO2 partial pressure
Increase of blood pH
Increase of nitrogen content in air
186 із 200
To stop the bleeding the patient was prescribed a direct coagulant. During introduction of the solution the patient was complaining of pain along the vein, hot sensation, and palpitations. Name the drug that causes such symptoms:
Calcium chloride
Hirudine
Ergocalciferol
Pentoxyl
Streptokinase
187 із 200
A student, whose educational achievements throughout the semester were poor, feels emotionally tense during the final test. What is the primary cause that induced leading mechanism of emotional tension in this case?
Lack of information
Lack of energy
Ttight time and lack of energy
Tight time
Lack of energy and information
188 із 200
A young family came for a genetic counseling to identify the father of their child. The husband insists that the child does not resemble him at all and cannot possibly be his. Polymerase chain reaction method for person identification is based on the following:
Gene amplification
Genetic recombination
Missense mutation
Nucleotide deletion
Transduction
189 із 200
A 52-year-old man presents with fever and pain in the joints. Both of his first metatarsophalangeal articulations are deformed, swollen, and reddened. Blood urea is high. The patient is diagnosed with gout. What is the main developmental factor in the pathogenesis of this disease?
Hyperuricemy
Hyperazotemia
Argininosuccinic aciduria
Citrullinuria
Hyperaminoacidemia
190 із 200
A 67-year-old man was delivered to the cardiology unit with complaints of periodical pain in the heart, dyspnea after even insignificant physical exertion, cyanosis, and edemas. ECG revealed additional contractions of the heart ventricles. Name this type of rhythm disturbance:
Extrasystole
Tachycardia
Fibrillation
Flutter
Bradycardia
191 із 200
During narcosis the patient developed a risk of cerebral edema. What drug should be administered in this case?
Furosemide
Triamterene
Phenazepam
Sodium bromide
Dopamine
192 із 200
A patient with pulmonary tuberculosis is prescribed the most effective antituberculous antibiotic. Name this drug:
Rifampicin
Furasolidone
Bactrim (Co-trimoxazole)
Tetracycline
Streptocide
193 із 200
During surgery performed in the abdominal cavity a surgeon located ligament of liver stretching from anterior abdominal wall (navel) to inferior surface of liver. What ligament is it?
Round ligament of the liver
Venous ligament of the liver
Coronary ligament of the liver
Triangular ligament of the liver
Falciform ligament of the liver
194 із 200
On examination of a patient with disease onset 5 days ago the doctor suspected tularemia and prescribed the patient tularin intracutaneously. What is the purpose of this drug administration in the patient?
Allergy diagnostics
Prevention
Treatment evaluation
Prognosis for the disease
Treatment
195 із 200
A patient developed increased blood content of HCO- against the background of repeated and uncontrollable vomiting. What will be the leading mechanism in compensation of developed acid-base imbalance?
Decreased pulmonary ventilation
Increased renal reabsorption of ammonia
-
Increased renal reabsorption of bicarbonate
Increased pulmonary ventilation
196 із 200
A 13-year-old boy presents with eczematous rashes on his shins and torso. Anamnesis states cases of otitis, pneumonia, and furuncles in the patient. Blood test: platelets - 70 • 109/l, low activity of T helper and T suppressor cells, low IgM, with normal IgA and IgG. What immunodeficient disease does this boy have?
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Louis-Bar syndrome (Ataxia-telangiectasia)
DiGeorge syndrome
Severe combined immunodeficiency (Swiss type)
197 із 200
During the exam a student was unable to correctly answer all the questions in his question card, which was accompanied by the reddening of his face and hot sensation. What type of arterial hyperemia did the student develop in this case?
Neurotonic
Pathologic
Neuroparalytic
Postischemic
Metabolic
198 із 200
An injured person with wound of the anterior cervical region presents with hemorrhage. The outflowing blood is dark. What vessel is damaged?
V jugularis anterior
A. thyroidea superior
V jugularis interna
A. carotis externa
V jugularis externa
199 із 200
Due to trauma the patient presents with disturbed function of the parotid gland. What nerve ensures its secretion function?
N. petrosus minor
N. petrosus profundus
N. auricularis major
N. auricularis minor
N. petrosus major
200 із 200
A patient developed pyoinflammatory process of periodontal tissues caused by activation of the microorganisms inherent in the body, which are a part of oral mucosal microflora. What type of infection is it?
Autoinfection
Superinfection
Reinfection
Exogenous infection
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