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Step 1 - Stomatology 2014
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In some areas of South Africa many people have sickle cell disease characterized by red blood cells that assume an abnormal sickle shape due to the substitution of glutamic acid for valine in the hemoglobin molecule. What is the cause of this disease?
Gene mutation
Transduction
Genomic mutation
Disturbances of the mechanisms of genetic information transmission
Crossing-over
3 із 200
Examination of an 18-year-old girl revealed the following features: ovarian hypoplasia, broad shoulders, narrow hips, shortening of the lower extremities, webbed neck. Mental development is normal. The patient has been diagnosed with Turner’s syndrome. What chromosomal abnormality does this patient have?
Monosomy X
Trisomy 13
Trisomy 18
Trisomy X
Nullisomy X
4 із 200
Mother and father are healthy. Mother underwent amniocentesis for fetal karyotyping. The fetal karyotype turned out to be 45, XO. What syndrome can be expected in a newborn baby?
Turner’s
'Superwoman'
Edwards’
Cri du chat
Patau’s
5 із 200
A physician collects the patient’s history of the post-embryonic period of ontogenesis from birth to puberty. In this case we are talking about:
Juvenile period
The first period of adulthood
Advanced age
Senium
The second period of adulthood
6 із 200
Genealogical study of a family with hereditary enamel hypoplasia has revealed that the disease occurs in every generation. In women, the anomaly occurs more frequently than in men. Male patients only pass this trait to their daughters. What type of inheritance takes place in this case?
X-linked dominant
X-linked recessive
Autosomal dominant
Autosomal recessive
Y-linked
7 із 200
A 58-year-old male patient consulted an urologist about acute pain during urination and decreased amount of the excreted urine. Urolithiasis was suspected. The concrements are most likely to be found in the following part of the urethra:
Pars membranacea
Pars pelvina
Pars spongiosa
Pars intramuralis
Pars prostatica
8 із 200
When examining the oral caity of a 22-year-old patient, the dentist noticed a destroyed medial tubercle on the cutting edge of the right maxillary first molar. This tubercle is called:
Paracone
Hypocone
Mesocone
Protocone
Metacone
9 із 200
A patient with inflammation of tongue mucosa (glossitis) complains of taste sensitivity disorder in the two anterior thirds of his tongue. This is caused by the damage of the following nerve:
Tympanichord
Tympanic
Lesser petrosal
Lingual
Glossopharyngeal
10 із 200
As a result of injury of tongue a 32-year-old male had a heavy bleeding. The bleeding can be stopped by ligating an artery in the following topographic anatomic region (triangle):
Pirogov’s triangle
Omotrapezoid triangle
Omotracheal triangle
Omoclavicular triangle
Carotid triangle
11 із 200
The operative dentistry department admitted a newborn girl who choked during sucking. Examination revealed cleft palate arising from non-union of the middle frontal process and maxillary process of the I-st branchial arch. The cleft was located in the palate between:
Os incisivum et processus palatinus maxillae
Lamina horizontalis os palatinum dextrum et sinistrum
Processus palatinus maxillae dextrae et sinistrae
Processus palatinus maxillae et lamina horizontalis os palatinum
In the region of canalis incisivus
12 із 200
A 39-year-old patient consulted a dentist about having a dry area of the oral mucosa beneath the tongue on the right. The dentist revealed a compression of chorda tympani as it exits to the right infratemporal fossa through the following fissura:
Petrotympanica
Tympanomastoidea
Petroocipitalis
Petrosguamosa
Sphenopetrosa
13 із 200
A patient consulted a doctor about difficult chewing. On examination he was found to have the atrophy of the right temporal muscle and masticatory muscles. Upon opening the mouth, the patient’s jaw deviates to the left. What nerve is affected?
Motor portion of the mandibular nerve
Facial
Maxillary
Inferior alveolar
Mandibulohyoid
14 із 200
A 36-year-old patient presents with periodontitis of the mandibular molar. It was found that inflammation had spread to the lymph nodes. What lymph nodes were the first to be involved in the inflammatory process?
Submandibular
Lateral cervical
Mental
Facial
Aterior cervical
15 із 200
Examination of a 23-year-old patient reveals that when his tongue is protruded, its tip deviates to the side. This is caused by the dysfunction of the following tongue muscle:
Genioglossus
Styloglossus
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Hyoid
16 із 200
A 33-year-old patient complains of an impairment of skin sensitivity in the medial part of the dorsal and palmar surface of hand. Which nerve is damaged?
N. ulnaris
N. cutaneus antebrachii medialis
N. radialis
N. medianus
N. musculocutaneus
17 із 200
A 2-year-old child has congenital spastic contraction of muscles on one side of neck, that is torticollis. What muscle is affected?
Sternocleidomastoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid
Subcutaneous
18 із 200
The emergency department admitted a 48-year-old male with a blunt abdominal injury on the right and a suspected rupture of liver. Which of these peritoneal structures can be expected to include blood accumulations?
Rectovesical pouch
Intersigmoidal recess
Omental sac
Superior iliocecal recess
Left paracolic gutter
19 із 200
A histological specimen represents a structure of the oral cavity, which is formed by bone tissue. It is covered by mucous membrane consisting of keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium. The structure has fatty, glandular and marginal zone. In all parts of the lamina propria the collagen fibers form thick bundles that penetrate deep into the periosteum. What kind of structure is it?
Hard palate
Gingiva
Tongue
Cheek
Lip
20 із 200
Study of the histological specimen of a baby’s primary tooth revealed hypoplasia ( underdevelopment ) of enamel. This abnormality is caused by the disruptions in the activity of the following cells:
Inner enamel epithelium
Outer enamel epithelium
Odontoblasts
Cells of the stratum intermedium of the enamel organ
Pulp cells of the enamel organ
21 із 200
In the histological specimen of a tooth germ the outer surface of the enamel organ is uneven, the cells of the inner layer show the reversal of polarity (inversion). These changes precede the beginning of the following process:
Amelogenesis
Cementogenesis
Periodont development
Pulp genesis
Dentinogenesis
22 із 200
Proliferation of connective tissue in the parenchyma of liver (fibrosis) caused by chronic diseases is typically accompanied by an impairment of blood circulation in the classic lobules. What is the direction of blood flow in these lobules?
From the periphery to the center
From the base to the top
From the center to the periphery
From the top to the base
Around the lobule
23 із 200
A 68-year-old female patient with a history of glaucoma has increased intraocular pressure with normal secretion of aqueous humor by ciliary body. The inadequate outflow of fluid from the anterior chamber is associated with the damage to the following structure of the eyeball wall:
Venous sinus
Choroid
Posterior corneal epithelium
Ciliary muscle
Ciliary body
24 із 200
The effect of some harmful factors caused focal damage to the gastric epithelium. What cells are responsible for its regeneration?
Cervical mucocytes of glands
Parietal exocrinocytes of glands
Principal exocrinocytes of glands
Endocrinocytes
Mucocytes of the gland body
25 із 200
Microscopic examination of a CNS body revealed the gray matter with three layers of neurons, namely molecular, ganglionic and granular layer. What are the neurons constituting the second layer?
Piriform
Large stellate
Basket
Granule cells
Small stellate
26 із 200
In a specimen from the ovary stained with hematoxylin-eosin a follicle can be seen. The follicular epithelial cells are arranged in 1-2 layers and have cubic shape, around the oocyte the bright red membrane can be seen. Specify the follicle:
Primary
Primordial
Mature
Secondary
Atresial
27 із 200
A histological specimen represents a blood vessel. Its inner tunica is composed of endothelium, subendothelium and internal elastic lamina. The middle tunica is rich in smooth muscle cells. What vessel is characterized by these morphological features?
Muscular artery
Capillary
Amuscular vein
Elastic artery
Muscular vein
28 із 200
Physical activity caused an increase in the cardiac output in a patient with a transplanted heart. What regulative mechanism is responsible for these changes?
Catecholamines
Sympathetic unconditioned reflexes
Parasympathetic conditioned reflexes
Parasympathetic unconditioned reflexes
Sympathetic conditioned reflexes
29 із 200
Stimulation of the peripheral segment of chorda tympani in an experimenal animal resulted in the discharge of the following secretion from the parotid salivary fistula:
A lot of liquid saliva
A lot of viscous saliva
There is no saliva
A small amount of liquid saliva
A small amount of viscous saliva
30 із 200
An animal has been given a weak solution of hydrochloric acid introduced into the duodenum through a tube. Which hormone concentration will increase in the animal?
Secretin
Cholecystokinin (pancreozymin)
Glucagon
Gastrin
Neurotensin
31 із 200
Examination of a patient with a brain cortex injury revealed that he had lost the tactile sensitivity. What part of the cerebral cortex is damaged?
Posterior central gyrus
Occipital lobe
Parietal lobe
Anterior central gyrus
Frontal lobe
32 із 200
In the experiment, the permeability of cell membrane for potassium ions has been increased. What changes can be expected in the membrane state?
Hyperpolarization
Local response
Depolarization
Action potential
There will be no changes
33 із 200
A 36-year-old male patient has malabsorption of sodium ions from the intestinal lumen into blood. At the same time, absorption of the following substances REMAINS UNCHANGED:
Fats
Proteins
Water
Chlorides
Carbohydrates
34 із 200
A 32-year-old female has gingivitis accompanied by gingival hypoxia. At the same time, the level of the following metabolite of carbohydrate metabolism is greatly increased in periodontal tissues:
Ribose-5-phosphate
NADPH
Lactate
Glucose-6-phosphate
Glycogen
35 із 200
Examination of a patient revealed dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia. What vitamin deficiency is the cause of this condition ?
Nicotinamide
Ascorbic acid
Biotin
Rutin
Folic acid
36 із 200
Hormonal form of a certain vitamin induces genome level synthesis of Ca- binding proteins and enterocytes thus regulating the intestinal absorption of Ca2+ ions required for dental tissue development. What vitamin is it?
D3
K
A
E
Bi
37 із 200
A 23-year-old patient with acute pulpitis has elevated body temperature and an increase in the WBC count up to 14 • 109/L. The leucogram is as follows: basophils - 0, eosinophils - 2, monocytes - 0, immature neutrophils - 4, stab neutrophils - 8, segmented neutrophils - 56, lymphocytes - 26, monocytes - 4. How can we interpret these changes in the white blood cells?
Neutrophilia with a regenerative left shift
Neutrophilia with a hyperregenerative left shift
Neutrophilic leukocytosis with a right shift
Lymphocytosis
Neutrophilia with a degenerative left shift
38 із 200
A female patient with toxemia of pregnancy has hypersalivation resulting in a daily loss of 3-4 liters of saliva. What disorder of water-salt metabolism occurs in such cases?
Hyperosmolar hypohydration
Hyponatremia
Hypokalemia
Hypoosmolar hypohydration
Isoosmolar hypohydration
39 із 200
A 39-year-old patient underwent hematologic tests. The following results were obtained: RBC2,8 • 1012/L, Hb-80 g/L, color index - 0,85, reticulocytes - 0,1%, platelets - 160 • 109/L, WBC 60 • 109/L. Basophils - 2, eosinophils - 8, promyelocytes - 5, myelocytes - 5, immature neutrophils - 16, stab neutrophils - 20, segmented neutrophils - 34, lymphocytes - 5, monocytes -5 . What form of blood pathology are these results indicative of?
Chronic myeloid leukemia
Undifferentiated leukemia
Hypoplastic anemia
Acute myeloid leukemia
Hemolytic anemia
40 із 200
A 49-year-old patient was found to have a disproportionate enlargement of hands, feet, nose, ears, superciliary arches and cheek bones. Blood test revealed hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance. What is the most likely cause of this pathology development?
Hypersecretion of growth hormone
Posterior pituitary hormone hypersecretion
Glucocorticoid hypersecretion
Insulin hyposecretion
Vasopressin hyposecretion
41 із 200
A 46-year-old patient with diabetes had been admitted to a hospital in grave precomatose condition. Study of the acid-base balance revealed metabolic acidosis. What is the primary mechanism that underlies the revealed changes of the acid-base balance?
Incomplete oxidation of metabolism products
Disturbance of O2 utilization by cells
Urinary excretion of alkaline components
Disorder of blood buffer systems
Reduction of SO2 excretion
42 із 200
A 44-year-old patient with obstructive jaundice has been admitted to a hospital with the symptoms of cholemic syndrome. On the ECG arrhythmia shows up. What kind of arrhythmia is the patient most likely to have?
Sinus bradycardia
Atrial premature contraction
Atrioventricular block
Ventricular premature contraction
Sinus tachycardia
43 із 200
A 28-year-old liquidator of Chernobyl disaster consulted a doctor about marked weakness, skin hemorrhages, diarrhea. Blood test results: ESR- 25 mm/h, RBC- 2,4 • 1012/L, WBC - 2,2 • 109 /L, platelets -70 • 109/L. What stage of acute radiation sickness are these presentations typical for?
Manifest illness stage
Latent stage
Outcome of the disease
Recovery stage
Prodromal stage
44 із 200
In a 52-year-old patient with chronic glomerulonephritis, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was reduced by 20% compared to normal. What causes the decrease in GFR in patients with chronic renal failure?
Reduced number of active nephrons
Renal artery thrombosis
Renal ischemia
Obstruction of the urinary tract
Tubulopathy
45 із 200
A 10-year-old child cut his leg with a piece of glass and was sent to a clinic for an anti-tetanus serum injection. In order to prevent the development of anaphylactic shock, the Besredka desensitization method was applied. What mechanism underlies this method?
Binding to IgE fixed to mast cells
Stimulation of the immunological antigen tolerance
Binding of IgE receptors on mast cells
Stimulation of antigen-specific IgG2 synthesis
Inhibited synthesis of mast cells mediators
46 із 200
Histologically, the internal wall of a maxillary cyst is lined with stratified squamous epithelium with underlying granulation tissue with infiltrating lymphocytes. The outer layer is represented by loose fibrous connective tissue surrounded by cicatrical fibrous tissue. What diagnosis can be made?
Cystic granuloma
Ameloblastoma
Epithelial granuloma
Keratocyst
Simple granuloma
47 із 200
Examination of a patient revealed a hard palate tumor in form of a small dense gray node without clear boundaries. Histological study of the tumor after its removal revealed the following peculiarities: the tumor was constituted by small cubic cells with hyperchromatic nucleus forming alveoli, trabeculae, solid and cribriform structures. The tumor growth could be charactrized as invasive. Specify the tumor:
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Monomorphic adenoma
Malignant pleomorphic adenoma
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Adenolymphoma
48 із 200
A 28-year-old patient had been diagnosed with multifragmental fracture of the right hip. On the third day after the injury he began to complain of pain in the right side of chest, difficult respiration. A day later the patient died of progressive heart and respiratory failure. Histological study of pulmonary and cerebral blood vessels revealed orange sudanophilic droplets that completely obstructed the vessels of microvasculature. What complication caused the death of the patient?
Fat embolism
Gas embolism
Thromboembolism
Drug-induced embolism
Microbial embolism
49 із 200
A patient undewent radiography that revealed numerous smooth-walled roundish defects in both jaws. Histological study revealed osteolysis and osteoporosis accompanied by the phenomena of poor bone formation. The patient’s urine contained Bence-Jones protein. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Multiple myeloma
Acute myeloid leukemia
Acute undifferentiated leukemia
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Chronic erythroleukemia
50 із 200
A bacteriological laboratory studied the home-made dried fish which had caused a severe food poisoning. Microscopy of the culture grown on the Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealed microorganisms resembling a tennis racket. What is the most likely di- agnosis?
Botulism
Salmonellosis
Dysentery
Typhoid fever
Cholera
51 із 200
While studying blood and mucus samples from the nasopharynx, a bacteriologist took certain measures to conserve the pathogens in the material. Bacterioscopic study revealed the presence of gram-negative cocci looking like coffee beans and arranged in pairs or tetrads. Name the pathogen that was isolated by the bacteriologist:
Neisseria meningitidis
Moraxella lacunata
Staphilococcus aureus
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
52 із 200
6 hours after the initial inoculation of water sample into 1% peptone water, the growth of a culture in form of a thin pellicle on the medium surface was registered. Such cultural properties are typical for the causative agent of the following disease:
Cholera
Dysentery
Tuberculosis
Plague
Pseudotuberculosis
53 із 200
After the sanitary and bacteriological study of tap water the following results were obtained: the total number of bacteria in 1,0 ml was 80, coli index was 3. How would you interpret the study results?
Water is safe to be consumed
Water is highly conaminated
Water is of highly doubtful quality
Water is of doubtful quality
Water is contaminated
54 із 200
Examination of a 27-year-old donor who had not donated blood for a long time revealed HBs antibodies detected by ELISA method. In this case, the positive ELISA results indicate that the donor:
Had hepatitis B
Has chronic hepatitis C
Has acute hepatitis C
Has chronic hepatitis B
Has acute hepatitis B
55 із 200
A patient had been provisionally diagnosed with syphilis. A laboratory assistant took the blood serum for an immunologic test based on the detection of antibodies preventing the movement of treponemes and causing their death. What reaction was used for the diagnosis?
Immobilization
Complement binding
Neutralization
Agglutination
Precipitation
56 із 200
A 50-year-old patient with a hypertensive crisis had been administered magnesium sulfate, which led to an abrupt decrease in blood pressure. The side effects of magnesium sulfate can be avoided if the following drug is administered:
Calcium chloride
Sodium bromide
Sodium sulfate
Trilon B
Potassium chloride
57 із 200
A patient with arterial hypertension has developed a bronchial asthma attack. Which of the following bronchodilators may provoke a hypertensive crisis?
Ephedrine hydrochloride
Aminophylline
Isadrine
Salbutamol
Berotec
58 із 200
A patient in a collaptoid state has been given an injection of mesatonum for the correction of blood pressure. What is the mechanism of this drug action?
It stimulates a-adrenergic receptors
It blocks a-adrenergic receptors
It stimulates a- and 3-adrenergic receptors
It blocks 3-adrenergic receptors
59 із 200
A 42-year-old female patient consulted a doctor about pain in the knee joints. Objectively there is swelling, redness, hyperthermia in the region of these joints. Laboratory testing revealed positive acute phase reactants. What drugs should be used to treat this patient?
Anti-inflammatory drugs
Antidepressants
Narcotic analgesics
Antibiotics
Sulfonamides
60 із 200
A paroxysm of tachycardia occurred in a patient undergoing a dental procedure. Which of the following drugs should be used to relieve it?
Verapamil
Dipheninum
Isadrinum
Nitroglycerine
Atropine
61 із 200
To perform a scheduled surgery on the upper jaw, a surgeon decided to apply ataralgesia. What medications are used for this manipulation?
Tranquilizers
General anesthetics
Sedatives
Narcotic analgesics
Non-narcotic analgesics
62 із 200
A 55-year-old mae patient with acute heart failure has been administered a quick-relief cardiac glycoside. Which of the following drugs has been given to the patient?
Strophanthin
Milrinone
Digitoxin
Adonisidum
Celanid
63 із 200
Examination of the oral cavity of a 19-year-old patient revealed a small gap between the maxillary and mandibular incisors. There was no contact between the front teeth. Specify the type of occlusion in this patient:
Open occlusion
Orthognathia
Edge-to-edge occlusion
Closed bite
Prognathism
64 із 200
A 53-year-old patient with a long history of nephrolithiasis underwent nephrectomy. The kidney looks as a thin-walled sac filled with urine. Renal parenchyma is atrophied. Specify this complication of nephrolithiasis:
Hydronephrosis
Pyonephrosis
Pyelonephritis
Nephrosclerosis
Multicystic kidney disease
65 із 200
To prevent the seasonal influenza epidemics in the city hospitals, sanitary epidemic station gave orders to immunize health care workers. Which of the following preparations should be used for immunization?
Subunit vaccine
Rimantadine
Interferon
Amantadine
Gamma-globulin
66 із 200
A 36-year-old patient with diabetes mellitus had seizures with loss of consciousness after an insulin injection. What was the result of blood glucose test?
2,5 mmol/l
3,3 mmol/l
10 mmol/l
5,5 mmol/l
8,0 mmol/l
67 із 200
Following thyroid surgery, a 47-year-old female patient had fibrillary twitching of muscles in the arms, legs and face. These disorders can be treated by the introduction of the following hormone:
Parathyroid hormone
Thyroxine
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Triiodothyronine
Thyrotropin
68 із 200
A 43-year-old patient is to be administered an antibiotic from the peni- cillin group which would be resistant to penicillinase. What drug can be recommended?
Oxacillin
Azlocillin
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Carbenicillin
69 із 200
A 49-year-old patient has psychotic manifestations in form of psychomotor agitation, auditory and visual hallucinations. What drug is indicated in the described case?
Haloperidol
Chlordiazepoxide
Valerian tincture
Sodium bromide
Diazepam
70 із 200
A 58-year-old patient with essential hypertension complains about general health deterioration. She has been administered methyldopa. Specify the mechanism of this drug action:
Inhibtion of noradrenaline synthesis
Blockade of o-adrenergic receptors
Blockade of a-adrenergic receptors
Increase in acetylcholine synthesis
Inhibition of angiotensin-converting factor
71 із 200
An animal sensitized with tuberculin had been administered tuberculin intraperitoneally. 24 hours later, during laparotomy, the animal was found to have venous congestion and peritoneal edema. Impression smears from the peritoneum contained a large number of lymphocytes and monocytes. What pathological process was detected in the animal?
Allergic inflammation
Serous inflammation
Fibrinous inflammation
Aseptic inflammation
Purulent inflammation
72 із 200
A 42-year-old patient with tetanus developed an acute respiratory failure. What type of respiratory failure occurs in this case?
Disregulatory impairment of alveolar ventilation
Restrictive impairment of alveolar ventilation
Perfusion impairment
Obstructive impairment of alveolar ventilation
Diffusion impairment
73 із 200
When students pass an exam, they often complain of having 'dry mouth'. The mechanism underlying the development of this condition is the activation of the following processes:
Conditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned peripheral
Unconditioned parasympathetic
Conditioned parasympathetic
74 із 200
An injury to the occipital region resulted in apnoea. What could be the immediate cause of apnoea?
Medulla oblongata injury
Rapture between the mesencephalon and medulla oblongata
Traumatic shock
Spinal cord rapture below the 5th vertebra
Cerebellum injury
75 із 200
A female with Rh-negative blood of A (II) type has a child with AB (IV) type who has been diagnosed with hemolytic disease resulting from Rh-conflict. What blood type may the baby’s father have?
III (B), Rh-positive
IV (Ab), Rh-negative
III (B), Rh-negative
II (A), Rh-positive
I (0), Rh-positive
76 із 200
Calcification of the intercellular substance of bone tissue is accompanied by the deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals along the collagen fibers. This process requires the presence of alkaline phosphatase in the intercellular substance. What cell produces this enzyme?
Osteoblast
Chondrocyte
Osteoclast
Chondroblast
Osteocyte
77 із 200
A 30-year-old patient with pneumonia has been administered a 3-day course of an antibiotic from the group of azalides that has bactericidal effect, prolonged action, the ability to bind to phagocytic cells and accumulate in the infection foci. What drug has been administered?
Azithromycin
Ciprofloxacin
Benzylpenicillin sodium salt
Erythromycin
Isoniazid
78 із 200
Human X chromosome contains a dominant gene that is reponsible for normal blood clotting. An autosomal dominant gene plays a similar role. Lack of any of these genes leads to the coagulation disorder. The form of interaction between these genes is called:
Complementarity
Pleiotropy
Codominance
Epistasis
Polymerism
79 із 200
A 66-year-old male patient has liver carcinoma with syndrome of portal hypertension. What kind of portal hypertension does the patient have?
Intrahepatic
Suprahepatic
-
Subhepatic
Combined
80 із 200
A 25-year-old patient with a hereditary enzymopathy (Gilbert’s disease) has a disorder of bilirubin conjugation in liver. What enzyme is not synthesized in this patient?
UDP-glucuronyl transferase
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase
Amidophosphoribosyltransferase
UDP-glycogen transferase
Ornithine carbomoyltransferase
81 із 200
A 60-year-old patient with a history of bronchial asthma has had several attacks during the day. What is the optimal drug to be used for their prevention?
Salbutamol
Methacinum
Isadrinum
Adrenaline hydrochloride
Dobutamine
82 із 200
A 39-year-old patient with pyelonephritis has been found to have hyposthenuria combined with polyuria. According to this data, what process is most likely to be disrupted?
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion
-
Glomerular filtration
Tubular excretion
83 із 200
A patient with a toxic paralysis of the respiratory center has been repeatedly administered cordiamine for the center stimulation. What side effect may occur?
Clonus
Bronchospasm
Collapse
Arrhythmia
Tonic convulsions
84 із 200
A 12-year-old child is of short stature, has disproportionate body structure and mental retardation. These characteristics might be caused by the hyposecretion of the following hormone:
Thyroxine
Somatotropin
Glucagon
Cortisol
Insulin
85 із 200
A 48-year-old female patient with a history of cholelithiasis has recurring steatorrhea. What vitamin deficiency may develop as a complication of the current disease?
K
PP
B12
Be
C
86 із 200
Transfusion of Rh-incompatible blood resulted in hemolytic jaundice development in the patient. What laboratory blood value confirms this type of jaundice?
Accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin
Reduction of conjugated bilirubin
Reduction of unconjugated bilirubin
Reduction of stercobilin
Accumulation of urobilinogen
87 із 200
A 46-year-old patient consulted an oculist about drooping of the upper eyelid. On examination he was diagnosed with a brain tumor. The pathological process must have affected the nuclei of the following pair of cranial nerves:
III
II
IV
VI
VII
88 із 200
A 36-year-old patient consulted an ophthalmologist about eye ache. The examination revealed the erosion of the cornea, that is the lack of superficial and spinous layers of the epithelium. What cells will provide regeneration of the damaged epithelium?
Cells of the stratum basale
Cells of the stratum lucidum
Cells of the the stratum granulosum
Cell of the stratum superficiale
Cells of the stratum corneum
89 із 200
A 57-year-old patient with coronary artery disease has been administered an anti-anginal agent that activates guanylate cyclase and accumulates myocardial cGMP. What drug is it?
Isosorbide mononitrate
Panangin
Dipyridamole
Validol
Verapamil
90 із 200
A 43-year-old female complains of weight loss, hyperhidrosis, low-grade fever, increased irritability. She has been found to have hyperfunction of the sympathetic-adrenal system and basal metabolism. These disorders can be caused by hypersecretion of the following hormone:
Thyroxine
Somatotropin
Aldosterone
Insulin
Corticotropin
91 із 200
Examination of a patient revealed glycosuria and hyperglycemia. He complains of dry mouth, itchy skin, frequent urination, thirst. He has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. What is the cause of polyuria in this patient?
Increased urine osmotic pressure
Increased filtration pressure
Decreased cardiac output
Increased plasma oncotic pressure
Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
92 із 200
A histological specimen represents the parenchyma composed of lymphoid tissue which forms the diffusely arranged lymph nodules with a central artery. What anatomic formation has the given morphological structure?
Spleen
Thymus
Tonsil
Lymph node
Red bone marrow
93 із 200
Ultrasonography of a pregnant revealed no abnormalities in the cardiovascular system of the fetus, the ductus arteriosus had a normal function. What vessels does it connect?
Pulmonary trunk and aorta
Umbilical vein and aorta
Umbilical vein and umbilical artery
Pulmonary trunk and superior vena cava
Pulmonary trunk and inferior vena cava
94 із 200
As a result of treatment of viral RNA with nitrous acid, UCA triplet mutated to UGA triplet. What kind of mutation occurred?
Transition
Nucleotide deletion
Missense
Inversion
Nucleotide insertion
95 із 200
A 46-year-old patient consulted a doctor about pustular rash on the skin of the limbs. What antiseptic should be administered to the patient?
Alcohol solution of iodine
Heparin
Sibazon
Prednisolone
Insulin
96 із 200
A 1-year-old child with the symptoms of affection of limb and trunk muscles had been admitted to a hospital. Examination revealed muscle carnitine deficiency. The biochemical basis of this pathology is a disruption of the following process:
Transport of fatty acids to mitochondria
Utilization of lactic acid
Regulation of Ca2+ level in mitochondria
Substrate phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation
97 із 200
For several days a 55-year-old female patient has had pain attacks in the right upper quadrant after eating fatty foods. Visually, there is yellowness of sclera and skin. The patient has acholous stool, beer-colored urine. What substance present in the patient’s urine causes its dark color?
Conjugated bilirubin
Unconjugated bilrubin
Stercobilin
Bilirubin glucuronides
Ketone bodies
98 із 200
One of the means of regulating enzyme activity in a human body is the covalent modification. Glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthetase activity is regulated by the following type of covalent modification:
Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation
ADP-ribosylation
Hydrolysis
Sulfonation
Methylation
99 із 200
A 23-year-old patient with diabetes has hyperglycemia at the rate of 19 mmol/l which is clinically manifested by glucosuria, polyuria, polydipsia. Which of the listed below mechanisms is responsible for the development of glycosuria?
Exceedence of glucose renal threshold
Tissue dehydration
Polydipsia
Polyuria
Non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins
100 із 200
A 25-year-old patient got an injury as a result of which a portion of the nail plate was removed. What structures will be responsible for its restoration?
Nail matrix
Nail fold
Eponychium
Nail sinus
Subungual space
101 із 200
Experimental stimulation of the peripheral segment of the vagus nerve of a cat will result in the following changes:
Decreased heart rate
Dilated pupils
Bronchiectasis
Increased respiratory rate
Increased heart rate
102 із 200
Arterial pH is 7,4; primary urine -7,4; final urine - 5,8. Decrease in the pH of final urine is the result of the secretion of the following ions in the nephron tubules:
Hydrogen ions
Hydrogen carbonate ions
Urea
Potassium ions
Creatinine
103 із 200
A 49-year-old male patient with myocardial infarction has been admitted to the cardiology department. What changes in the peripheral blood cells are induced by the necrotic changes in the myocardium?
Neutrophilic leukocytosis
Lymphopenia
Eosinophilia
Monocytosis
Thrombocytopenia
104 із 200
Alterations in protein digestion in the small intestine are induced by the impairment of trypsin and chymotrypsin activity. What enzyme deficiency may be the cause of this impairment?
Enterokinase
Amylase
Pepsin
Maltase
Lipase
105 із 200
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are widely used in clinics as psychopharmacological drugs. They change the level of the following neurotransmitter in the synapses:
Norepinephrine
ATP
Acetylcholine
L-glutamate
Substance P
106 із 200
In the area being the epicenter of the registered rabies cases among wild animals a 43-yearold man presented to a clinic and claimed to have been bitten by a stray dog. He was given a course of anti-rabies vaccine. This preparation relates to the following type of vaccines:
Attenuated
Toxoids
Synthetic
Inactivated
Molecular
107 із 200
During examination of a 3-month-old infant a pediatrician revealed that the baby’s oral mucosa and tongue were covered with a thick white deposit. In the material taken from the affected site a bacteriologist revealed the presence of yeast fungi giving the reasons for suspecting a fungal infection which occurs most often in children of this age, namely:
Candidiasis
Actinomycosis
Trichophytia
Epidermophytosis
Favus
108 із 200
A boy has been diagnosed with a hydrocele (fluid collection within the scrotum). Which scrotum tunica contains this liquid?
Tunica vaginalis
Internal spermatic fascia
Tunica dartos
Tunica albuginea
External spermatic fascia
109 із 200
Examination of a 6-year-old patient gave reasons to suspect the deterioration in airway patency. What is the most reliable research method to identify the pathology?
Pneumotachometry
Spirometabolography
Pneumography
Spirography
Spirometry
110 із 200
A 24-year-old patient with catarrhal tonsillitis has ben administered a drug from the group of sulfonamides. Specify the mechanism of sulfonamide antibacterial action:
Competitive antagonism of PABA
Reduction of membrane permeability
Inhibition of sulfhydryl groups of thiol enzymes
Protein coagulation
Disruption of the cell wall protein synthesis
111 із 200
A 39-year-old patient with arthritis of the temporomandibular joint has been administered diclofenac sodium. It must be kept in mind that the side effect of prolonged use of this drug is:
Ulcerogenicity
Ototoxicity
Drug dependence
Carcinogenicity
Teratogenicity
112 із 200
A 36-year-old injured has an occi- pital bone injury causing damage to the sigmoid sinus. What part of the bone is damaged?
Pars lateralis
-
Clivus
Squama
Pars basilaris
113 із 200
A 40-year-old patient presents with abdominal pain, frequent loose stools with mucus and blood. Stool analysis revealed vegetative forms of some protozoa sized 30-40 microns, with short pseudopodia, containing large amounts of phagocytosed erythrocytes. What protozoan disease does the patient have?
Amebiasis
Toxoplasmosis
Trichomoniasis
Leishmaniasis
Giardiasis
114 із 200
A 49-year-old mae has mitral stenosis. What is the leading mechanism of heart failure in this case?
Pressure overload
Volume overload
Fluid overload
Myocardial injury
Myocardial tension
115 із 200
A 42-year-old patient has an inflammation of the inner ear. After the examination, the doctor revealed the affection of the first neuron bodies of the auditory analyzer. Where are they localized?
G. spirale
G. vestibulare
G. ciliare
G. trigeminale
G. geniculi
116 із 200
Orthodontic treatment of a child proved to be ineffective due to the chronic mouth breathing since the nasal breathing is impaired. This is caused by the hypertrophy of the following tonsils:
Pharyngeal
Tubal
Palatine and tubal
Lingual
Palatine
117 із 200
A 34-year-old patient has a history of periodontitis. As a result of increased collagen degradation, there is a significantly increased urinary excretion of one of the amino acids. Which one?
Hydroxyproline
Valine
Alanine
Glycine
Serine
118 із 200
A 34-year-old injured is unable to nod his head (impaired flexion and extension of head). This is caused by the dysfunction of the following joint:
Atlanto-occipital
Zygapophysial
Median atlanto-axial
-
Lateral atlanto-axial
119 із 200
A 35-year-old patient had a cerebral injury that caused a hemorrhage in the region of the medial surface of the frontal gyrus and cingulate gyrus. What artery supplies blood to the area of the hemorrhage localization?
Anterior cerebral
Median cerebral
Anterior communicating
Posterior cerebral
Basilar
120 із 200
Osteolaterism is characterized by a decrease in collagen strength caused by much less intensive formation of cross-links in the collagen fibrils. This phenomenon is caused by hypoactivity of the following enzyme:
Lysyl oxidase
Prolyl hydroxylase
Monoamino-oxidase
Lysyl hydroxylase
Collagenase
121 із 200
In some anaerobic bacteria the pyruvate produced by glycolysis is converted to the ethyl alcohol (alcoholic fermentation). What is the biological significance of this process?
NAD+ replenishment
Lactate production
ADP production
Providing the cells with NADPH
ATP production
122 із 200
A 36-year-old female patient who has been limiting the number of foodstuffs in her diet for 3 months presents with a decrease in body weight, deterioration of physical and mental health, face edemata. These changes may be caused by the deficiency of the following nutrients:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Vitamins
Micronutrients
Fats
123 із 200
A 29-year-old patient with bacterial pneumonia has been administered penicillin. What is the mechanism of its antimicrobial action?
Inhibition of cell walls synthesis in the microorganisms
Inhibition of cholinesterase activity
Antagonism of PABA
Inhibition of intracellular protein synthesis
Inhibition of SH-groups of microorganism enzymes
124 із 200
Vitamin-like substance choline is contained in phospholipids which are the main components of biological membranes. What sulphur-containing amino acid serves as the donor of methyl groups for the synthesis of choline?
Methionine
Glycine
Alanine
Serine
Threonine
125 із 200
During anesthesia of the oral mucosa a 37-year-old patient has had anaphylactic reaction ( widespread vasodilation, increased vascular permeability with liquid exiting the blood vessels and penetrating in the ti- ssues). What type of hypersensitivity reaction occurred in the patient?
Type I (anaphylactic)
Type V (granulomatosis)
Type II (antibody-dependent)
Type IV (cell cytotoxicity)
Type III (immune complex)
126 із 200
Patients with erythropoietic porphyria (Gunther’s disease ) have teeth that fluoresce red on exposure to ultraviolet light; photosensitive skin; red urine. This disease is associated with the lack of the following enzyme:
Uroporphyrinogen-III cosynthase
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
Delta-aminolevulinate synthase
Ferrochelatase
Uroporphyrinogen-I synthase
127 із 200
A 36-year-old patient with a several year history of chronic pulpitis had undergone tooth extraction. Microscopic examination of the pulp revealed some deep-purple structureless areas which can be interpreted as:
Dystrophic calcification
Lithiasis
Metabolic calcification
Dental tartar
Metastatic calcification
128 із 200
A 34-year-old patient underwent a tooth extraction. The tooth crown was of diamond shape and had four tubercles on the masticatory surface, the tooth had three roots. What tooth was extracted?
The first maxillary molar
Second maxillary molar
The first mandibular molar
The third maxillary molar
The second mandibular molar
129 із 200
Examination of a 29-year-old patient revealed a dense, immobile, ill-defined tumor-like formation in the lower jaw. The overlying mucosa was pale. Biopsy of the neoplasm revealed osteoid structures lined with atypical osteoblasts; numerous pathologic mitotic figures; a great number of thin-walled vessels. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Osteosarcoma
Primary jaw carcinoma
Exacerbation of chronic osteomyelitis
Osteoblastoclastoma
Ameloblastoma
130 із 200
Microscopic examination of a skin tumor revealed that it invaded the underlying tissue, destroyed it and formed nests and cords of atypical epithelium which included some pearl-like formations. Specify the tumor:
Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
Medullary carcinoma
Squamous cell non-keratinizing carcinoma
Solid carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
131 із 200
A 38-year-old female patient complains of bleeding gums, halitosis, exposure of tooth necks. Objectively: the patient has gingivitis, plaque and tartar. Inflammation involves the alveolar part of gingiva with dental pockets. The bone tissue exhibits signs of bone resorption. What pathology does the patient have?
Parodontitis
Periostitis
Periodontitis
Gingivitis
-
132 із 200
A 9-year-old child has multiple lesions of the oral mucosa in form of small painful hyperemic sores with a white deposit in the center; enlarged and painful submandibular lymph nodes. Microscopic examination of the affected region revealed a superficial defect covered by fibrin; edematic and hyperemic submucosa with inflammatory infiltration. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Aphthous stomatitis
Catarrhal gingivitis
Herpetic stomatitis
-
Hypertrophic stomatitis
133 із 200
A 38-year-old female patient has been diagnosed with inflammation of the third branch of the trigeminal nerve. This branch exits the skull through the following foramen:
Oval
Sphenotic
Jugular
Round
Spinous
134 із 200
After restoration of maxllary incisors with artificial crowns a 44-year-old female was found to have a brownish overgrowth in form of a node of 15 mm in diameter. Histological study revealed that under the stratified squamous epithelium of gingiva there was a connective tissue mass with numerous sinusoidal vessels, oval-shaped mononuclear cells forming osteoid substance, and polynuclear giant cells that destroyed the alveolar ridge of the upper jaw. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Giant cell epulis
Fibromatous epulis
Eosinophilic granuloma
Gingival fibromatosis
Angiomatous epulis
135 із 200
In patients with glycogenolysis, that is von Gierke’s disease, the conversion of glucose-6phosphate into glucose is inhibited, which is accompanied by the improper breakdown of glycogen in the liver. The cause of this condition is the following enzyme deficiency:
Glucose-6-phosphatase
Phosphoglucomutase
Phosphofructokinase
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Glycogen phosphorylase
136 із 200
What vitamin is a component of glutamic acid decarboxylase, participates in the production of GABA, and its deficiency is manifested by seizures?
Pyridoxine
Cobalamin
Folic acid
Tocopherol
Ascorbic acid
137 із 200
A patient under examination is in a stage of rapid eye movement sleep. This is confirmed by the following waves registered by EEG:
Beta waves
Alpha waves
Alpha spindles
Theta waves
Delta waves
138 із 200
A 48-year-old patient has been found to have an increase in the concentration of thyroid hormones in blood. Microscopy of a biopsy sample from the thyroid gland is likely to reveal the following morphological changes affecting the following cells:
Increase in the thyrocyte height
Decrease in the thyrocyte height
Decrease in the thyrotrope height
Decrease in the parathyrocyte size
Changes in hormone concentrations will have no effect on the morphology of the thyroid gland cells
139 із 200
During AB0 blood grouping by using coliclons (diagnostic monoclonal antibodies), haemagglutination did not occur with any of the coliclons. What is the blood group of the patient under examination?
0 (I)
-
A (II)
B (III)
AB (IV)
140 із 200
During reproduction of some RNA-containing viruses that cause tumors in animals, genetic information can be transmitted in the opposite direction from the RNA to the DNA via a specific enzyme. The enzyme of reverse transcription is called:
Reverse transcriptase
Topoisomerase
Ligase
DNA polymerase
Primase
141 із 200
In a hot weather, the microclimate in hot rooms is often normalized by fans. At the same time heat radiation from the human body increases through:
Convection
Radiation
Evaporation
Heat conduction
Conduction
142 із 200
After arriving in the polar region, researchers from Australia have complained of nervous disorders, loss of appetite, aggravation of chronic diseases for 6 months. What process has been disrupted in extreme conditions?
Adaptation
Tolerance
Tachyphylaxis
Reparation
Stress
143 із 200
A female who had been continuously taking antibiotics for an intestinal infection developed a complication manifested by inflammation of the oral mucosa and white deposit. Bacteriological study of the deposit samples revealed yeast fungi Candida albicans. Which of the following medications is indicated for the treatment of this complication?
Fluconazole
Polymyxin
Tetracycline
Furazolidone
Biseptol
144 із 200
A histological specimen of submandibular salivary gland represents basket cells from which some processes radiate and embrace the secretory unit. Contraction of the processes of these cells helps in expelling secretions from the lumen of secretory units and moving them to the system of excretory ducts. Name these cells:
Myoepithelial cells
Serous cells
Mucocytes
Epithelial cells
Adipocytes
145 із 200
After an infectious disease a 21-year-old patient exhibits the inability to rotate his head in the direction opposite to the affected region. What nerve has been damaged?
Accessory
Infrascapular
Vagus
Thoracodorsal
Transverse cervical nerve
146 із 200
The surgically excised connective tissue of the deformed mitral valve gives a basophilic reaction when stained with hematoxylin and eosin. When stained with toluidine blue, it turns purple (metachromasia). What changes of the connective tissue can be detected by these reactions?
Mucoid edema
Hyalinosis
Petrification
Connective tissue edema
Fibrinoid necrosis of connective tissue
147 із 200
An animal had been intensively fed with carbohydrates. Histological examination of its liver revealed a significant number of glycogen granules. Glycogen relates to the following group of cell structures:
Trophic granules
Special-purpose organelles
Secretory granules
Excretory granules
Pigment granules
148 із 200
If a trait is determined mostly by genetic factors, the percentage of concordance between the twins is much higher in monozygotic twins than in dizygotic ones. What is the percentage of blood group concordance in monozygotic twins?
100%
75 %
50 %
0 %
25 %
149 із 200
During auscultation a 26-year-old patient was asked to breathe deep. After 10 breaths the patient lost consciousness, which is associated with the development of the following condition:
Respiratory alkalosis
Reduced oxygen capacity of blood
Carbon dioxide acidosis
Polycythemia
Erythropenia
150 із 200
A 49-year-old patient has a tumor of the ventral surface of the pons. An impaired blood flow will be observed in the following artery:
A. basilaris
A. carotis interna
A. cerebri anterior
A. communicans posterior
A. cerebri media
151 із 200
Pyruvic acid as an intermediate metabolite of carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism can undergo oxidative decarboxylation. The cause of this process is the lack of the following nutrient in the diet:
Thiamin
Pangamic acid
Citrine
Pyridoxine
Ascorbic acid
152 із 200
In case of some helminthiases, an affected person can detect helminth himself because mature segments of the causative agent are able to crawl out of the anus. This is typical for the following disease:
Beef tapeworm infection
Pork tapeworm infection
Hymenolepiasis
Echinococcosis
Bothriocephaliasis
153 із 200
A patient has an inflammation in the pterygopalatine fossa. The infection has spread to the nasal cavity. What anatomic structure has the infection penetrated through?
Foramen sphenopalatinum
Foramen rotundum
Canalis palatinus minor
Canalis palatinus major
Canalis ptherygoideus
154 із 200
Histological examination of a tissue sample revealed that the tissue had no blood vessels, and the cells were packed tightly together making layers. Specify this tissue:
Epithelial
Osseous
Muscular
Cartilaginous
Nervous
155 із 200
A 32-year-old patient has B2 hypovitaminosis. The specific symptoms such as epithelial, mucosal, skin and corneal lesions are most likely to be caused by the deficiency of:
Flavin coenzymes
Cytochrome a1
Cytochrome oxidase
Cytochrome b
Cytochrome c
156 із 200
A 24-year-old injured has a fracture in the middle third of the II rib. The fracture is accompanied by the dysfunction of the following muscle:
M. scalenus posterior
M. sternohyoideus
M. sternocleidomastoideus
M. scalenus medius
M. subclavius
157 із 200
Diphtheria exotoxin had been treated with 0,3-0,4% formalin and kept in a thermostat for 30 days at a temperature of 40oC. What preparation was obtained as a result of these manipulations?
Anatoxin
Diagnostic serum
Therapeutic serum
Antitoxin
Diagnosticum
158 із 200
Examination of a 28-year-old patient with hepatocerebral degeneration revealed an impairment of ceruloplasmin synthesis. This defect is associated with the following organelles:
Granular endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi complex
Mitochondria
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosomes
159 із 200
In the uterine cavity an embryo was found that was not attached to the endometrium. What stage of embryonal development is it?
Blastocyst
Zygote
Gastrula
Neurula
Mulberry body
160 із 200
A 31-year-old patient has deep caries of the fifth maxillary tooth on the right. Acute purulent inflammation in the region of the tooth apex has developed. There is marked edema with isolated neutrophils in the perifocal tissues and soft tissues of cheek and palate. Diagnose the pathologic process in the soft tissues of cheek and palate:
Acute serous inflammation
Phlegmon
-
Acute suppurative periodontitis
Acute suppurative periostitis
161 із 200
Microscopy of a dental plaque revealed a large number of cocci arranged in pairs and strings, as well as Gram-positive bacilli which were likely to be the cause of cariogenesis. What microorganism associations are involved in the development of dental caries?
S.mutans streptococci and lactobacilli
S.aureus and lactobacilli
S.salyvarius streptococci and enterococci
S.salyvarius streptococci and lactobacilli
S.mutans streptococci and corynebacteria
162 із 200
Autopsy of a dead man with no fixed abode revealed the aneurysm of the ascending aorta. Microscopy of the middle tunica of aorta revealed lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrates, plasma cells, fibroblast cells with some Pirogov-Langhans cells, endovasculitis. What disease should be suspected?
Syphilis
Atherosclerosis
Essential hypertension
Rheumatism
Tuberculosis
163 із 200
A man visited Lebanon. Soon after return he felt pain and heaviness in the perineum and suprapubic region. On examination he was diagnosed with urogenital schistosomiasis. In what way could he become infected?
By swimming in contaminated waters
By eating undercooked meat of crayfish and crabs
By eating insufficiently salted fish
By eating unwashed fruit and vegetables
By eating undercooked meat of cattle
164 із 200
Loose fibrous connective tissue of salivary glands contains oval averagesized cells which synthesize antibodies. The cells have round eccentric nucleus and 'spoke-wheel' chromatin pattern made by small clumps of chromatin. What are these cells called?
Plasma cells
Macrophages
Neutrophils
Fibroblasts
Adipocytes
165 із 200
A physician performs the anterior transverse cervical skin incision for urgent tracheotomy. He should keep in mind the probability of damaging the following vessel:
Arcus venosus juguli
Vfacialis
Vjugularis interna
Vjugularis externa
Vthyroidea media
166 із 200
A 12-year-old girl has a bleeding ulcer 5 mm in diameter which is localized on the mouth floor. The ulcer is surrounded by bright-red tissue that turns white when pressed. Microscopic examination of a biopsy sample reveals a tumor constituted by a number of large cavities filled with blood. The cavities are lined with endothelial cells. Between the cavities there is stroma represented by the loose connective tissue. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Ulcerated cavernous hemangioma
Ulcerated melanoma
Osteoblastoclastoma
Secondary rhabdomyosarcoma
Squamous cell non-keratinizing carcinoma
167 із 200
For the treatment of periostitis a 35-year-old patient should be administered an antibiotic with a high ability to penetrate into the bone tissue. Specify this drug:
Doxycycline hydrochloride
Streptomycin
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Kanamycin
168 із 200
A patient with a severe maxillofacial trauma has been delivered to the emergency department. What drug should be given this patient to relieve pain shock?
Promedol
Sydnocarb
Ibuprofen
Mydocalm
Pantogam
169 із 200
After using a toothpaste a 27-year-old patient has developed Quincke’s edema. Administer a drug from the group of histamine H1-receptor antagonists for the treatment of this condition:
Dimedrol
Paracetamol
Analgin
Chlorpromazine
Digoxin
170 із 200
A 47-year-old patient with symptoms of severe intoxication and respiratory failure died. A section of lung tissue had a mottled pattern with multiple small focal hemorrhages and foci of emphysema. Histological examination revealed hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia accompanied by abscess; the cytoplasm of bronchial epithelial cells had eosinophil and basophil inclusions. According to the section analysis, make your diagnosis:
Influenza
Parainfluenza
Adenovirus infection
Staphylococcal bronchopneumonia
Respiratory syncytial
171 із 200
A 64-year-old male patient died with symptoms of acute cardiovascular failure. Autopsy results: the section of the anterior wall of the left ventricle showed a yellowish flaccid 1,5-2 cm focus surrounded by a reddish rim. The convoluted coronary arteries had lumen irregularly narrowed by 75%. The vessel intima was thickened, dense, covered with whitish plaques, crunched when cut. What disease can you think of?
Acute myocardial infarction
Continuously recurrent myocardial infarction
Postinfarction cardiosclerosis
Microfocal cardiosclerosis
Recurrent myocardial infarction
172 із 200
During an abdominal surgery a 46-year-old patient working at a meat processing plant was found to have a very dense roundish formation 11 cm in diameter which was localized in the right lobe of the liver. The cross-section of the formation has a porous appearance due to a large number of small vesicles with layers of dense connective tissue. The surrounding tissues have visible necrotic areas and proliferation of granulation tissue including many eosinophils and foreign body giant cells. What disease can be thought of in this case?
Echinococcus multilocularis
Calculous cholecystitis
Hepatitis
Malaria
Hepatic rhabdomyosarcoma
173 із 200
During a hypertensive crisis a patient has had a hemorrhagic stroke resulting in a lack of voluntary movements, increased tendon reflexes and muscle tone of the left arm and leg. What is this motor dysfunction called?
Hemiplegia
Tetraplegia
Flaccid paralysis
Monoplegia
Paraplegia
174 із 200
A 36-year-old patient underwent tooth extraction at a dental clinic. After two weeks the stratified squamous epithelium regenerated at this site. What organelles were involved in the restoration of the mucous membrane?
Ribosomes
Centrosomes
Mitochondria
Postlysosomes
Smooth EPR
175 із 200
A 23-year-old patient consulted an oculist about vision impairment. Visual activity was corrected by means of lenticular lenses. Specify the type of dysfunction of the visual analyzer in this patient:
Hyperopia
Night-blindness
Myopia
Daltonism
Astigmatism
176 із 200
A 36-year-old patient had had a traumatic brain injury which caused a swallowing impairment. Which part of brain was affected?
Medulla oblongata
Reticular formation
Thalamus
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
177 із 200
A 42-year-old patient with gastric ulcer has a disbalance between the aggressive and defensive factors. Which of the following factors contributes to the development of gastric ulcer?
Helicobacter pylori
Mucin
Hydrocarbonate
Prostaglandin
Prostacyclin
178 із 200
A 45-year-old patient with an 8-year history of tuberculosis died in a hospital of chronic renal failure. At autopsy, the kidneys were enlarged, the cross-section surface looked greasy, histological study revealed profuse deposits of structureless homogeneous eosinophilic masses exhibiting marked metachromasia when stained with Congo red. What pathological process developed in the kidneys?
Secondary amyloidosis
Toxic nephritis against the background of antibiotic therapy
Hematogenous renal tuberculosis
Nephrosclerosis
Acute glomerulonephritis
179 із 200
Autopsy of a dead 6-year-old child revealed a marked edema of the soft tissues of neck and enlarged tonsils. Pharyngeal mucosa was covered with numerous dense whitish-yellow pellicles exposing deep ulcers after their removal. Histological examination of the pharyngeal mucosa revealed necrosis of the upper epithelial layers, impregnation of the mucous memrane with the fibrinous exudate and moderate leukocyte infiltration. What infectious disease caused the death of the child?
Diphtheria
Measles
Whooping cough
Scarlet fever
Parainfluenza
180 із 200
A severe injury in a 36-year-old patient resulted in a significant blood loss which was accompanied by a blood pressure drop. What hormones provide rapid recovery of blood pressure after the blood loss?
Adrenalin, vasopressin
Oxytocin
Aldosterone
Cortisol
Sex hormones
181 із 200
Calcification of dental tissues is significantly influenced by osteocalcin protein which has an ability to bind calcium ions due to the presence of the following modified amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain:
Gamma-carbon glutamine
Carboxy aspargine
Delta-aminopropionic
Alanine
Gamma-aminobutyric
182 із 200
A 47-year-old male patient consulted a dentist about difficult mouth opening (lockjaw). The patient has a history of a stab wound of the lower extremity. What infection can be manifested by these symptoms?
Tetanus
Whooping cough
Brucellosis
Anaerobic wound infection
Tularemia
183 із 200
In the solution being used for perfusing the isolated heart of rat, the K + concentration has been increased to 8 mmol/L. What changes in the heart are to be expected?
Diastolic arrest
Systolic arrest
Heart rate increase
There will be no changes
Heart force increase
184 із 200
After a patient had taken a blocking agent, his heart rate (HR) increased. Pressing on the eyeballs didn’t result in the expected reflectory decrease in heart rate. What exactly was blocked by the drug in the pacemaker cells?
M-cholinergic receptors
3- adrenergic receptors
a-adrenergic receptors
Ca2+-L-type channels
Fast Na+ channels
185 із 200
A 36-year-old male patient frequently has herpes sores on the lips and oral mucosa. Infection recurrences are associated with the persistence of the virus in the body. The herpes simplex virus is most likely to reside in:
Nerve ganglia
Airway epithelium
Salivary glands
Lymph nodes
Gonads
186 із 200
A 32-year-old patient undergoing dental examination was found to have some rash-like lesions resembling secondary syphilis in the oral cavity. The patient was referred for the serological study with the purpose of diagnosis confirmation. In order to detect antibodies in the serum, living Treponema were used as diagnosticum. What serological test was performed?
Immobilization
Passive hemagglutination
Precipitation
Neutralization
Complement binding
187 із 200
A 69-year-old male patient got a small plaque with subsequent ulceration on the skin of the lower eyelid. The formation was removed. Microscopic examination of dermis revealed complexes of atypical epithelial cells arranged perpendicularly to the basal membrane on the periphery. The cells were dark, of polygonal prismatic shape with hyperchromic nuclei with a high mitotic rate. What is the histological form of carcinoma in this patient?
Basal cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Undifferentiated
Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
188 із 200
A 35-year-old female patient has HIV at the AIDS stage. On the skin of the lower extremities and palatine mucosa there appeared rusty red spots, bright red nodules of various sizes. One of the nodules was taken for histological study. It revealed a lot of randomly distributed thinwalled vessels lined with endothelium, the bundles of spindle cells containing hemosiderin. What kind of tumor developed in the patient?
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Hemangioma
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Lymphangioma
Fibrosarcoma
189 із 200
A dentist examined a 5-year-old boy and found him to have a saddle nose, high-arched palate, natiform skull. Both front maxillary incisors are peg-shaped and have a crescent-shaped notch in the cutting edge. Lymph nodes are not changed. What is the provisional diagnosis?
Late congenital syphilis
Tertiary syphilis
Fluorosis
Early congenital syphilis
Rickets
190 із 200
A 36-year-old injured with a knife wound of neck has bleeding. The blood is dark. During the wound management it was revealed that a vessel in the anterior part of the neck below the hyoid bone was damaged. Identify this vessel:
V jugularis anterior
V. jugularis externa
V jugularis interna
A. carotis externa
A. carotis communis
191 із 200
ECG of a 46-year-old patient shows an increase in the QRS duration. This might be caused by:
Increased ventricular activation time
Increased atrial and ventricular excitability
Increased atrial excitability
Increased atrial activation time
Conduction disturbances in the AV node
192 із 200
A 36- year-old patient has gastric ulcer (with increased acidity). Which of the listed below drugs will reduce the secretion of hydrochloric acid with a minimum of side effects?
Famotidine
Almagel
-
Pirenzepine
Atropine
193 із 200
A histological specimen represents an organ whose wall consists of the mucosa, submucosa, fibrocartilage and adventitious cartilage. The organ is lined by pseudostratified ciliary epithelium, the muscular layer of the mucosa is absent, the submucosa contains seromucous glands. Hyaline cartilage C-rings are present. What organ has the described morphological characteristics?
Trachea
Terminal bronchiole
Bronchiole
Larynx
Secondary bronchus
194 із 200
A 28-year-old patient complains of frequent gingival haemorrhages. Blood test revealed the clotting factor II (prothrombin) deficiency. What phase of blood coagulation is impaired in this patient?
Thrombin generation
Vascular-platelet haemostasis
Fibrinolysis
Clot retraction
-
195 із 200
A patient with alcohol-induced liver injury has an impairment of biotransformation of xenobiotics and endogenous toxic compounds. These changes are likely to be caused by hypoactivity of the following chromoprotein:
Cytochrome P-450
Cytochrome oxidase
Hemoglobin
Cytochrome c1
Cytochrome b
196 із 200
A 4-year-old child has purulent inflammation of the middle ear. The pathological process has spread to the artery that borders the anterior wall of the tympanic cavity. What vessel is involved in the pathological process?
A. carotis interna
A. carotis externa
A. meningea media
A. auricularis posterior
A. temporalis superfacialis
197 із 200
Activation of free radical processes is a universal mechanism that triggers cell death. What inhibitors of this process should be administered as a part of therapeutic interventions intended for the treatment of generalized periodontitis?
Tocopherol, ascorbate
Riboflavin, pyridoxine
Thiamin, folate
Calciferol, naphthoquinone
Cobalamin, pantothenic acid
198 із 200
Microscopic examination of the biopsy sample taken from a deformed upper jaw bone revealed areas of bone resorption and replacement of bone tissue by randomly arranged bundles of mature collagen fibers with spindle and stellate cells; primitive structure of trabeculae; myxomatous foci. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Fibrous osteodysplasia
Osteoporosis
Osteoblastosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Osteoma
199 із 200
A 35-year-old patient complains of pain in the upper jaw, bleeding, a slight loosening of teeth. He has been diagnosed with periodontitis. What is a typical pathological process in this case?
Inflammation
Redness
Bleeding
Pain
Caries
200 із 200
With the purpose of analgesia, a narcotic analgesic has been used with a benzodiazepine drug. What drug has been used to potentiate analgesia?
Diazepam
Chlorprothixene
Triftazin
Imizinum
Carbamazepine