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During local anaesthetizati-on novocaine solution is usually compounded with solution of adrenaline hydrochloride. What is the purpose of this action?
Increase in smooth muscle tone
Decrease in smooth muscle tone
Algesthesia reduction
Vasodilatation
Vasoconstriction
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Which of the below-listed drugs is used for thrombolytic therapy in case of myocardial infarction?
rhenylinum
Ticlopidine
Acetylsalicylic acid
Streptokinase
Heparine
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On the 4th day of treatment with indometacin a 55-year-old patient developed gastrorrhagia as a result of gastric mucosa ulcer. Ulcerogenic effect of this drug is explained by the lowered activity of the following enzyme:
Prostacyclin synthetase
Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)
Lipoxygenase (LOG)
-
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A 45-year-old patient has been taking neodicumarinum for thrombophlebitis for two weeks. The regular blood test revealed a decrease in prothrombin concentration, microhematuria. Which drug should be used as neodicumarinum antagonist?
Protamine sulfate
Sodium citrate
Vicasol
Heparin
Aminocaproic acid
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A patient complaining of dry mouth, photophobia and blurred vision has been delivered to the admission ward. Objectively: the skin is hyperemic, dry, mydriatic pupils and tachycardia are present. He has been diagnosed with belladonna alkaloids intoxication. Which of the drugs should be given as an antidote?
Dipiroxim
Neostigmine
Aceclidine
Armin
Pylocarpine
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A 52-year-old patient was diagnosed with systemic amebiasis accompanied by bowels, liver and lungs affection. What preparation should be administered?
Metronidazole
Phthalazol
Chiniofon
Chingamin
Tetracycline
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A gravida in her 20th week of gestation got ill with pneumonia. What chemotherapeutical drug may be administered with no risk for the fetus development?
Gentamycin
Ofloxacinum
Веnzylpenicillinum
Sulfalenum
Laevomycetinum
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During a surgical operation the muscle relaxant tubocurarine chloride was used. What antagonist drug should be injected in order to allow the patient to brief independently?
Dithylinum
Neostigmine
Веnzohexonium
Aethimizolum
Cytitonum
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A pharmacy depot received a batch of common plantain leaves. According to the requirements of the Pharmacopoeia, this herbal raw matrial is of adequate quality if it contains the following active substances:
Tannins
Anthracene derivatives
Flavonoids
Polysaccharides
Essential oils
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A pharmacy analyst analizes distilled water. For this purpose he brings some amount of the sample material to the boiling point, adds 0,02 M solution of potassium permanganate and diluted sulfuric acid. After 5 minutes of boiling the pink colour of the produced solution should not change. The pharmacy analyst tries to detect the following admixture:
Nitrates
Carbon dioxide
Chemical reducing agent
Heavy metals
Sulfates
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A pharmacy supplies the population with drugs for cash. Specify the VAT on drugs:
30 %
10 %
0%
15 %
20 %
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Aerosol production involves application of different groups of propellents. What propellents relate to the group of compressed gases?
Freons
Nitrogen, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide
Methylene chloride, ethylene chloride
Vinyl chloride, methyl chloride
Propane, butane, isobutane
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An analytical laboratory carries out quantitative analysis of sodium citrate by method of ionexchanging chromatography on a cationite. What titrated solution is to be used for the following titration of generated citric acid?
Hydrochloric acid
Potassium iodate
Iodine
Trilon B
Sodium hydroxide
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Which preparation is the specific antidote in case of intoxication with iron preparations?
Penicillamine
Atropinum
Deferoxamium
Protamine sulphate
Bemegridum
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A pharmaceutist revealed incompatibility in the formulation. Rp.: Sol. Collargoli 1% - 10 ml Sol. Adrenalini hydrochloridi 0,1% - 1i M.D.S. Nasal drops. What chemical process underlies this incompatibility?
Adsorption
Oxidization
Precipitation
Neutralization
Hydrolysis
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A pharmaceutist made a tincture of Adonis herb. A peculiarity of its preparation is that the active substances are derived in:
In the acid medium
In the alkalescent medium
In the alkaline medium
In the neutral medium
In the subacid medium
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Coltsfoot preparations are used for upper airways treatment. During procurement of this herbal raw material the following admixture may appear:
Spring adonis (Adonis vernalis)
Great bur (Arctium lappa)
Pot marjoram (Origanum vulgare)
Common plantain (Plantago major)
Marsh mallow (Althaea officinalis)
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A pharmacist-technologist received an ointment formulation. Rp.: Unguentum Resorcini 1,5% -10,0 Da. Signa. To be applied on the affected skin The pharmaceutist incorporated dry medical substance into the ointment by the following way:
Triturated with a few ethanol drops
Triturated with a part of vaseline
Triturated with a few vaseline oil drops
Triturated with a few water drops
Added to molten vaseline
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For granule drying different types of dryers are used. The dryer SP-30 relates to the following type:
Infrared
With a forced air circulation
Sublimation
With silica gel column
With fluidized bed
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Specify the herbal raw material with high concentration of carotinoids which is d used for production of phytopreparations:
Currant leaflets
Wild strawberry leaves
Parsley roots
Caseweed grass
Sea-buckthorn fruits
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For the purpose of sales stimulation a pharmaceutical wholesale company grants its customers a discount according to the social contract and on condition of their loyalty. Specify the type of discount:
-
Bonus
Seasonal
Discounts for quantity of purchased goods
Dealer
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One of the quality indicators for finished ampoules is lack of residual stress in the glass. Which operation at the stage 'Preparation of ampoules to be filled 'eliminates this imperfection?
Ampoule washing
Ampoule annealing
Capillary opening
Ampoule sterilization
Ampoule drying
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Companies producing injectable dosage forms apply different methods of ampoule sealing. Sealing against a jet of inert gases (nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide) is suitable for the following injection solutions:
Thermostable
Viscous
Photosensitive
Easily oxidable
Hydrolytically unstable
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Quality control of tablets produced at a pharmaceutical enterprise involves quantitative determination of such subsidiary substances as talc and aerosil. What method is applied for such determination?
Photocolorimetric
Spectrophotometric
Gravimetric
Titrimetric
Chromatographic
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Pharmaceutical plants produce enteric-coated tablets. According to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine, the coating mustn’t disintegrate in the acidic medium within the following period:
5 hours
1 hour
2 hours
4 hours
3 hours
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A patient with depression has been administered a drug from the group of tri- cyclic antidepressants. Specify this drug:
Aminalonum
Caffeine
Amitriptyline
Phenazepam
Droperidol
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In the medical practice this compound is used as a disinfectant. In case of intoxication with this compound the patient’s urine turns olive or olive-black. Specify the compound:
Ethyl lbenzoata
Ethyl ether
Phenol
Iodoform
Isoamyl alcohol
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A patient with hypertension has been administered one of antihypertensive drugs. Blood pressure dropped back to normal, but the patient has developed a persistent dry cough. Which of the following drugs has such a side effect?
Clonidine
Furosemide
Nifedipine
Enalapril maleate
Propranolol
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A patient suffering from ulcer disease was prescribed famotidine. What is the mechanism of its action?
Block of muscarinic cholinoreceptors
Block of H і-histamine receptors
Inhibition of adenosine triphosphatase activity
Block of cholinoreceptors of sympathetic ganglions
Block of H2-histamine receptors
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According to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine, a pharmacy analyst determines iron admixture in a preparation by means of citric and thioglycolic acids. What staining indicates presence of this admixture?
Yellow
Green
Pink
Blue
Black
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Name the reason for the reduction of anticoagulant effect of syncumar when it is applied in combination with phenobarbital:
Mutual inactivation
Phenobarbital activates microsomal liver enzymes
Phenobarbital inhibits microsomal liver enzymes
These drugs are antagonists
Development of syncumar allergy
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Calamus rhizome is likely to be confused with some other plant rhizome that can be found as an admixture in the herbal raw material. Specify the most likely admixture:
Iris rhizome
Althaea roots
Valerian rhizome
Elecampane roots
Phlojodicarpus roots
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Tannins can be used as an antidote for alkaloid poisoning. What herbal remedy should be applied in case of such intoxication:
Cinquefoil root
Rhizome and roots of madder
Elecampane root
Althaea root
Calamus rhizome
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Tannins have astringent effect and are used for treatment of colitis, enterocolitis, diarrhea. What herbal raw material contains a lot of tannins?
Fructus Sambucci nigri
Fructus Rhamni catharticae
Fructus Ribes nigri
Fructus Myrtilli
Fructus Frangulae
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Cardioglycosides of Adonis vernalis are used for heart failure treatment. This plant raw material should be stored:
Under normal conditions
According to the list A
In metal containers
Protected from CO2
According to the list B
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A pharmacy manager is writing the monthly 'Inventory report'. What business transactions should be represented in the expenditure item of the report?
Extra-evaluation of laboratorypackaging works
Payroll payment
Drug sales
Amortization charged to operation
Plant raw material purchases
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During inventory of a pharmacy the surplus of inventory holdings was revealed. What actions concerning the surplus should be taken by the inventory comission?
Immediate realization
Confiscation by superior organization
Take on charge
Writing-off
Abolishment
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A pharmacist made eye drops of pilocarpine hydrochloride and adrenaline hydrochloride solution. A peculiarity of the incorporation of the adrenaline hydrochloride solution is that it is added:
To the half dose of solvent
After isotoning
In the first place
After sterilization, aseptic
After dissolving of solids
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A patient has chronic pancreatitis with apparent manifestations of pancreatic exocrine hypofunction. Which of the following drugs would be the most appropriate in this case?
Оmерrаzоlе
Acidin pepsinum
Раncreatinum
Drotaverine
De-Nol
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Underground organs of medicinal plants that accumulate the most of active substances should be collected:
At the budding stage
During the green fruiting
At the stem extension stage
At the flowering stage
After the seeds have ripened and the overground parts died off
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In Ukraine the out-patients are supplied with narcotic and psychotropic drugs only by prescription. Medicoprophylactic institutions receive prescription blanks (Form 3) from the following source:
City’s health department
Typography
Wholesale companies
Pharmacy storehouse
Pharmaceutical corporation
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A patient has been administered powders containing menthol. What is the best way to achieve the required extent of menthol comminution?
To triturate it with purified water
To triturate it with other components of the formulation
To triturate it with glycerine or chloroform
To triturate it thoroughly with sugar
To triturate it with alcohol or ether
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Stability of suspensions can be enhanced by substances which increase the viscosity of the dispersion medium. Specify the substance that exhibits such properties:
Ethanol
Ether
Purified water
Glycerol
Dimexid
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A doctor prescribed an olive oil emulsion whose composition includes anesthesin. In order that anesthesin can be incorpotated into the emulsion it should be dissolved:
In the treated water
In the mature emulsion
In the oil before emulsifying
In the alcohol and add to the primary emulsion
In the primary emulsion
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О-methylation is an important method of organic substances biotransformation in the body, compounds that are subject to such method contain:
Amides
Carboxyl groups
Nitro groups
Tthiol groups
Phenolic groups
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Which antiseptic preparation has bactericidal effect due to the formation of atomic oxygen?
Aethonium
Furacilinum
Potassium permanganate
Silver nitrate
Chloraminum
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Styles of maize with stigmata containing fatty acids, vitamins, essential oils, saponins and other substances are used as:
Expectorant and antibechic
Bactericidal and astringent
Sedative and anticonvulsant
Cardiotonic and antiarrhythmic
Diuretic and choleretic
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One of the tablet coatings is enterosoluble capsule. They get solved in:
Rectum
-
Stomach
Oral cavity
Bowels
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It is required to analyse some herbal raw material in form of shiny black drupes up to 6-8 mm in diameter; the bone is large, very firm, spherical, light brown, with a single seed; it has a sweet, slightly astringent taste. This herbal raw material should be qualified as a fruit of:
Hawthorn
Bird cherry
Buckthorn
Blueberry
Black chokeberry
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Which of the following non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents has the least harmful effect on the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract?
Nimesulide
Diclofenac
Acetylsalicylic acid
Indomethacin
Piroxicam
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A pharmaceutist prepared eyedrops with boric acid. What sterilization method was applied?
Sterilization by dry heat
Sterilization by gases
Tyndallization
Sterilization by saturation vapor pressure
By high-frequency current
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A pharmaceutist refused preparation of nasal drops to a patient because of incompatibility between collargol and di-medrol written in the prescription. What is the reason for incompatibility between these ingredients?
Coagulation
Immiscibility
Dissection
Eutectic formation
Adsorption
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A pharmaceutist was preparing an ointment with ricin oil and Vaseline but failed to get homogenous system. What is the most likely cause of incompatibility between these components?
Component immiscibility
Adsorption
Coagulation
Release of water of crystallization
Restricted solubility
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A doctor wrote a prescription for the tincture of digitalis with hydrochloric acid. What is the reason for their incompatibility?
Hydrolysis (with no visible change)
Change in odour
Precipitation
Change in colour
Gassing
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At the initial stage of establishing a pharmaceutical enterprise the internal disciplinary regulations should be adopted. One of the primary matters is the duration of the lunch break for the employees. According to the Labour Code of Ukraine, the break duration must be as follows:
Not less than 3 hours
Up to 1 hour
-
Up to 2 hours
2,5 hours
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A 26-year-old patient was diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia provoked by mycoplasma. Choose the appropriate antimicrobial preparation for the patient treatment:
Rovamycine
Веnzylpenicillinum
Gentamycinum
Amoxicillin
Amoksiklav
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A 60-year-old patient has essential hypertension stage II, coronary disease, bronchial asthma. After pharmacotherapy correction the patient exhibited a bronchospastic attack, intensified dyspnea. What drug provoked this complication?
Salbutamolum
Еuphyllinum
Nifedipi^
Мucaltinum
Propranolol
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After an emotional stress a 60-year-old patient presented with chest pain irradiating to the left arm. Specify a drug that relieves pain in this case:
Nitroglycerine
Propranolol
Metoprolol
Nifedipine
Diltiazem
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A 70-year-old patient consulted a doctor about elevated arterial pressure. He has a history of benign hyperplasia of prostate. What drug should be administered in this case?
Losartan
Diltiazem
Propranolol
Ем^гИ
Doxazosin
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A pharmaceutist revealed incompatibility in a prescription for powders with ascorbic acid and hexamethylenetetramine. What process takes place when these components are combined?
Crystallization water exudation
Mixture dampening
Substances adsorption
Eutectic formation
Immiscibility
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A pharmaceutist made a medicinal preparation according to the following formulation: Rp.: Chloroformii Olei Helianthi Methylii salicylatis ana 10,0 M.D.S. For infriction. Specify the kind of disperse system:
Liniment - solution
Liniment - emulsion
Liniment suspension
Liniment - extractional
Liniment - combined
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In order to get registered in state authorities pharmacies as legal persons must possess authorized capital stock. What amount is identified as the authorized capital stock?
Total assets
The amount recorded in constituent documents
The amount of noncurrent assets
The amount of fund formation sources
The amount of debts of an enterprise
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According to the current legislation, pharmaceutists get the sickness benefit in case of temporary disability. Specify the source of payment for the first 5 days of being on the sick leave:
Pension fund
Environment stimulation fund
Pharmacy revenues
Pharmacy expenditures
Reserve fund
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Which of the listed antibacterial drugs should NOT be administered to a patient with diabetes mellitus type II being treated with glibenclamid?
Doxycycline
Benzylpenicillinum
Gentamycinum
Co-trimoxazolum
Midecamycin
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What drug may cause constipation in a patient undergoing combined therapy for arterial hypertension?
Furosemide
Verapamil
Trimetazidine
Acetylsalicilic acid in small dosages
Panangin
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A pharmacy plans to purchase and retail goods of different stock record units. Which group of goods does VAT reduction apply to?
Perfumes
Curative cosmetics
Optics
Medicaments
Baby food
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Preliminary tests involve using various kinds of indicator paper. Blackening of the indicator paper treated with plumbum acetate indicates that the biological object contains:
Hydrogen chloride
Sodium hydroxide
Hydrogen sulphide
Sulphuric acid
Ammonium hydroxide
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An analytical chemist makes a test for the presence of sodium thiosulphate. Select a reagent which allows to detect the thiosulphate ion:
Sodium bromide
Sodium hydroxide
Hydrochloric acid
Potassium iodide
Magnesium sulfate
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An analytical chemist determines the admixture of sulphates in the boric acid. What is the main reagent that he has to add:
Potassium ferrocyanide
Silver nitrate
Sodium sulphide
Barium chloride
Ammonium oxalate
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In order to arrest stenocardia attacks a patient takes nitroglycerin capsules. What is the rational way of the drug introduction?
Peroral
Rectal
Inhalation
Hypodermic
Sublingual
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Recommend a patient with acute bronchitis a mucolytic drug that ease difficulty in expectoration:
Glaucine
Drotaverine hydrochloride
Acetylcysteine
Loratadine
Diclofenac sodium
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A patient with atherosclerosis has been administered an anti-atherosclerotic agent. Specify this drug:
Ascorbic acid
Pyracetam
Phenylbutazone
Phenofibrate
Dexamethasone
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A pharmacy received a batch of medicines from a pharmacy depot. Specify the drug subject to the controlled substance inventory in pharmacies:
Novocaine
Acetylsalicylic acid
Paracetamol
Dicaine
Analgin
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A pharmaceutical company conducted an age-specific segment analysis of the regional antihistamine market. It revealed the lack of antihistamines for children. The company will consider this segment as:
A market share
A market door
A market niche
A segment requiring further research
An unattractive segment
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An obtained mineralisate contains sulphates of lead, barium and strontium in form of white precipitation. What procedure will allow to separate the lead sulphate?
Conversion into carbonate
Conversion into diethyldithiocarbamate
Dissolution in ammonium acetate
Dissolution in concentrated sulphuric acid
Conversion into arsine
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A pharmacy received the following prescription: 0,0002 g of scopolamine hydrobromide per 1 powder. How much of 1:100 trituration is required for the preparation of 10 powders?
0, 04
2, 0
4, 0
0, 4
0,2
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A pharmacy received a prescription for 3% alcohol solution of boric acid. What concentration of ethyl alcohol is required for preparing the drug form?
70%
60%
40%
90%
96%
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A licensed state-owned pharmacy obtains and retails narcotic drugs. Which state authority develops and revises the list of the drugs allowed in Ukraine?
State servise on Narcotic Drugs Control of Ukraine
-
State Pharmacological Centre
Public Joint Stock Company 'Medicaments of Ukraine'
State Inspectorate for Quality Control of Drugs
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A pharmacy is engaged in retail sales of drugs. What group of drugs does atropine sulphate relate to?
Narcotic
Toxic
Psychotropic
Over-the-counter
Drastic
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An employee of a pharmaceutical company has been commissioned with marketing research on the regional market of antiarrhythmic drugs. What stage of research would he prefer in the first place?
Collection of primary information
Submission of report
Collection and analysis of secondary information
Preparation of report
Analysis of primary information
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A pharmaceutical company 'Pfizer'is focused on offering the best quality goods at a high price which should cover the costs of research and development as well as production of high quality products. Despite the high price, the product is still in demand. What are the goals of the company’s price policy?
Increasing the company’s assortment
Increasing the market share
Ensuring the company’s survival
Winning the market leadership in respect of product quality
Maintaining status quo
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A pharmaceutical company 'Pharmasvet'has patented and produces now a new hypoglycemic preparation. The company markets this product directly through the own sales departments, affiliated sales companies, pharmacy network. Marketing policy of this pharmaceutical company can be characterized by the channel of the following level:
Four-level
One-level
Three-level
Two-level
Zero level
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A patient with cholelithiasis was prescribed the following drug for the purpose of cholesterol gallstone dissolution:
Ursodeoxycholic acid
Citric acid
Gamma-amino-butyric acid
Acetylsalicylic acid
Mefenamic acid
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Which of the listed methods of filling ampoules with injectable solutions can protect the capillaries from contamination with thick and viscous solutions?
Steam condensing method
Vacuum method
Turbo-vacuum method
Solution squeezing method
Syringe method
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Production of injection solutions involves an operation of solution filtration. What filters are used for sterile filtration?
Pressure filters
Nutsch filters
Mushroom filter
Filter candles
Filter developed by the Kharkiv Chemo-pharmaceutic Research Institute
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A 68-year-old female patient has been continuously taking furosemide for heart failure treatment. What drug should be used to prevent hypokalemia in patients taking furosemide?
Panangin
Sustac forte
Trimetazidine
Mildronatum
Atp-long
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Eye drops are prepared with an ointment base which is an alloy of vaseline and lanolin. Specify the method of its sterilization:
Ethylene oxide
Dry heat
Tyndallization
Flowing steam
Pasteurization
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Quantitative determination of silver nitrate is done by method of thi-ocyanatometry. What indicator is used in this case?
Phenolphtalein
Iron (III) ammonium sulphate
Potassium chromate
Methylene blue
Sodium eosinate
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An analytical chemist was identifying xeroform in reaction with sodium sulphide. As a result of reaction a black solid dropped out. What ion was detected?
Silver
Zinc
Copper
Lead
Bismuth
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During the chemico-toxicological study of the dialysate of an aqueous extract, the ammonia test IS NOT carried out if the dialysate includes the following substance:
Sulphuric acid
Nitrous acid
Sulphurous acid
Nitric acid
Hydrogen sulphide
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A forensic chemical laboratory received an object for analysis. The analysis involves quantitative determination of mercury by means of a reaction with di-thizone. What physicalchemical method is used within this analysis?
Gas-liquid chromatography
IR spectrophotometry
Extraction photocolorimetry
UV spectrophotometry
Thin layer chromatography
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A woman in the III trimester of pregnancy has an acute respiratory viral disease accompanied with body temperature rise up to 39oC. Which of the drugs should be recommended?
Acetylsalicylic acid
Indomethacin
Celecoxib
Diclofenac sodium
Paracetamol
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Suspensions as heterogenous systems can be characterized by kinetic and sedimentary instability. What substance is used for increasing suspension stability with hydrophobic substances?
Boric acid
Sodium sulphate
Glucose
Sodium chloride
Gelatose
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A patient presents with morphine intoxication. Which drug should be injected as an antidote?
Naloxone
Lobeline hydrochloride
Bemegride
Atropine sulphate
Unithiol
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Most alkaloids are isolated from the biological material by polar solvents. Which of the listed alkaloids is isolated by the way of distillation with water vapour?
Coniine
Cocaine
Quinine
Strychnine
Atropine
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Comparative analysis of the performance of two pharmacies showed that the trade stock in terms of days was 20 and 30 days respectively. Which of these indicators is NOT USED for calculating the trade stock?
Turnover
Wage fund
The left-over goods in terms of settlement prices
Sales volume
The rate of trade mark-up
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A pharmacy received drugs that are included in the National List of Essential Medicines. When supplying these drugs to the public hospitals, pharmacies are entitled to mark-up the drug charges at the rate of:
20 %
40 %
50 %
30 %
10%
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Sales of medical cosmetics retailed in pharmacies are taxable at the VAT rate of 20%. Who is charged with it?
Pharmacy
Product manufacturer
End consumer
Wholesale intermediator company firm
Customs service
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A patient who has been suffering from gastric diseases for a long time is found to have hyperchromic anemia. Which of the following drugs is applied for this pathology treatment?
Unitiol
Охуferriscorbone
Ascorbic acid
Ferrum Lek
Сyanocobalamine
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Essential oil of rose is used as an antiinflammatory and antispasmodic agent. It is localized in the following excretory organs:
Essential oil conceptacles
Glandular hairs
Secretory cells
Glandular spots
Essential oil glandules
‹ Назад
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A chemist of an analytic laboratory has to prepare turbidity standards according to the requirements of Pharmacopoeia. What substances are to be used as the reference?
Furacilinum and calcium chloride
Potassium chloride and barium sulphate
Calcium sulphate and glycerin
Hexamethylenetetramine and hydrazine sulphate
Sodium chloride and calcium nitrate
‹ Назад
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A pharmaceutist plans voluntary termination of the open-ended employment contract for the reason of her husband’s transfer to another area. Specify the form and term of notice that should be given to the pharmacy director:
One-month notice in written form
Five-day notice in written form
Two-week notice in written form
One-week notice in written form
Two-day notice in written form
‹ Назад
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A pharmacy makes wholesale purchases of health and hygiene products. An agent works under the contract with the manufacturer and makes deals at the manufacturer’s cost. The agent may be entitled to exclusive distribution in some regions. What kind of agent is it?
Dealer
Consignee
Wholesale agent
Broker
Commission agent
‹ Назад
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How much water should be taken in order to prepare 200 ml of aqueous extract of motherwort ( water absorption coefficient = 2 ml/g)?
160 ml
200 ml
220 ml
240 ml
210 ml
‹ Назад
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During the identification of a drug an analytical chemist of the State Inspectorate for Quality Control performs a lignin test. Specify this drug:
Ascorbic acid
Cortisone acetate
Streptotcid
Methionine
Analgin
‹ Назад
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A pharmacist-analyst carries out quantitative analysis of procaine hydrochloride. Which of the following solutions is to be used?
Sodium thiosulfate
Argentum nitricum
Potassium bromate
Sodium nitrite
Sodium edetate
‹ Назад
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The main active components of hawthorn berries are flavonoids. What is their pharmacological effect?
Antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory
Laxative and sedative
Hypotensive and sedative
Diuretic and styptic
Tonic and antispasmodic
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Name a 'metal poison'which is isolated from the biological material by the method of destruction:
Arsenic
Cadmium
Stibium
Mercury
Silver
‹ Назад
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Toxic substances can be isolated from the objects of biological origin by different methods. In case of intoxication with pesticides - derivatives of phosphoric acids - the following method is applied:
Infusion with alkalized water
Dialysis from alkalized solutions
Infusion with water acidified with chloric acid
Infusion with organic solvents
Distillation with water steam from the alkaline medium
‹ Назад
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A pharmacy analyst carries out purity test of the drug substance 'Sodium thi- osulfate'. Violet colour, that comes from reaction with sodium nitroprusside, indicates the presence of the following admixture:
Specific sulfides admixture
Iodides admixture
Sulphates admixture
Sulfur admixture
Sodium chloride admixture
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An analytic laboratory received 'Aether anaestheticus'for analysis. Which reagent should be used for detection of acetone and aldehyde admixtures according to the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine?
Sodium hydrosulphite
Aqueous solution of potassium iodide
Alkaline solution of potassium tetrai-odomercurate
Ammonium solution of argentum nitrate
Hydroxylamine solution
‹ Назад
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Activity of an organization depends on various factors. What factors refer to the internal environment of the organization?
Economy status
Public authorities
Consumers
Abilities, skills and talent of staff
Infrastructure
‹ Назад
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Financial accountability of pharmacies consists of separate account forms. Which form presents accounts payable for the goods purchased?
Financial performance report, form 2m
Financial performance report, form 2
Balance sheet, form 1
Balance assets, form 1
Net worth statement, form 3
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In Ukraine natural persons as small business entities are allowed to use the simplified tax system. What limit on the number of employees is established for such enterprises?
No more than 50 persons
No more than 10 persons
No more than 30 persons
No more than 20 persons
No more than 40 persons
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For the natural persons being small business subjects the simplified tax system is effective. But there is a limit of annual proceeds upon sale. What is the boundary amount of proceeds?
Up to 5 million UAH
Up to 750 thousand UAH
Up to 100 thousand UAH
Up to 1 million UAH
Up to 500 thousand UAH
‹ Назад
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Simplified tax system implies replacement of several taxes by a single one. What limit on the number of employees is established for the legal persons to implement the simplified tax system?
25 persons
50 persons
100 persons
10 persons
75 persons
‹ Назад
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Fatty oil containing saturated fatty acids is used for atherosclerosis prevention. Specify the medicinal plant that is used for oil production:
Dill seeds
Black chokeberry fruits
Fennelflower seeds
Flax seeds
Hawthorn fruits
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A tablet shop produces trituration tablets. What quality indicators ARE NOT relevant for these tablets?
Disintegration and dissolution
Microbiological purity
Abrasion, resistance to crushing
Homogeneity of dosage
Homogeneity of content
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A phytochemical production unit produces biogenic stimulators out of different raw materials. Specify the biogenic stimulators of organo-mineral origin:
Peloidinum, Humisolum, Torfotum, Fibs pro injectionibus
Extractum Aloes fluidum, Linimentum Aloes, Рlasmolum
Peloidinum, Humisolum, Torfotum, Рlasmolum, Solcoseryl
Extractum Aloes fluidum, Linimentum Aloes, Succus Aloes, Biosedum
Vitreous body, Placenta injection, Рlasmolum, Solcoseryl
‹ Назад
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A pharmaceutical enterprise produces water solutions. The solution of the following substance is produced by method of chemical interaction and electrochemically:
Calcium gluconate
Potassium arsenite
Polyvinyl alcohol
Plumbum hydroxide acetate
Aluminum hydroxide acetate
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In course of preparation of suppositories by the pumping method the suppository mass became viscous and fluid after the incorporation of chloral hydrate into the cocoa butter. What substance should be added to the suppository mass in order to restore its density and plasticity?
Starch
Purified water
Glycerine
Dimexid
Wax
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Powders make up an important group among the extemporal medicinal preparations. Which of the following components can be incorporated into a powder without being preliminarily ground?
Ascorbic acid
Basic Bismuth nitrate
Calcium gluconate
Camphor
Xeroform
‹ Назад
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Qualitative reaction for phenol is the reaction with bromine water. What compound is produced as a result of the interaction of phenol with bromine water and drops out as a white solid?
4- bromophenol
2- bromophenol
2,4-dibromophenol
3- bromophenol
2,4,6-tribromophenol
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Upper airways diseases can be treated by means of herbal raw materials containing mucilages. The plant source of this compound class is:
Radix Inulae
Radix Ipecacuanhae
Radix Althaeae
Radix Belladonnae
Radix Rhodiolae
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The basic structure of steroid hormones is hydrocarbon skeleton -cyclopentane perhydrophenanthrene. What natural compound is used for testosterone propionate production?
Phenanthrene
Cholesterol
Indole
Anthracene
Naphthalene
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According to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine, a pharmacy analyst should determine procaine hydrochloride by nitritometric method. What indicator is to be used for this purpose?
Acid chrome blue
Neutral red
Crystal violet
Xylenol orange
Methyl red
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According to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine, a pharmacy analyst should determine fluorouracil by method of nonaqueous titration. What titrated solution is to be used?
Potassium bromate
Ammonium thiocyanate
Tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide
Sodium edetate
Sodium nitrite
‹ Назад
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An analytical chemist analyses the substance of ethylmorphine hydrochloride. The substance purity is tested by method of semi-microanalysis. What reagent is used to determine the water admixture?
Molibdeno-vanadium
Hypophosphite
Methoxyphenyl acetic acid
Iodosulphurous
Biuretic
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An analytical laboratory carries out an analysis of ferrum sulphate heptohydrate according to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. The test portion of the substance should be titrated with the following solution:
Ammonium cerium sulfate
Argentum nitrate
Sodium edetate
Ammonium thiocyanate
Potassium bromate
‹ Назад
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A patient consults a pharmaceutist about taking acetylsalicylic acid as an antiaggregant. What is the daily dose that should be recommended for continuous use?
1,0-2,0 g
2,0-3, 0
0,5-1,0 g
0,1-0,3 g
Over 4,0 g
‹ Назад
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The main active components of senna leaves and fruits are sennosides A, B, C,
Flavonoids
They relate to the following class of biologically active substances:
Iridoids
Anthracene derivatives
Phenolic acids
‹ Назад
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A laboratory received some herbal raw material for analysis. It is a composition of ovoidpointed leaves up to 25 cm long and 20 cm wide; the leaf base is cuneate, the leaf edge is emarginate. The cutting is long and cylindric. The leaf venation is pinnatisect; the midrib and the first-order veins project significantly on the inferior surface of the leaf. The superior leaf surface is dark green, the inferior surface is light green. The plant has a weak narcotic smell. The taste cannot be determined. The plant is poisonous! The described herbal raw material relates to the following plant:
Chelidonium majus
Vinca minor
-
Datura stramonium
Passiflora incarnata
‹ Назад
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It is necessary to prescribe nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug for patient with rheumatoid arthritis and concomitant duodenal ulcer. Which drug is the drug of choice in this case?
Acetylsalicylic acid
Celecoxib
Diclofenac sodium
Paracetamol
Analgin
‹ Назад
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A pharmaceutist is preparing powders according to the following formulation: Rp.: Scopolamini hydrobromidi 0,0003 Ephedrini hydrochlorodi 0,05 Sachari 0,15 M.f. pulvis
t.d. № 10 S. 1 powder thrice a day. Calculate the mass of 1 powder providing that the trituration (1:100) is used:
0,20
0, 23
0, 15
0, 17 F. 0,203
‹ Назад
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A pharmaceutist prepares several different solutions with antibiotics under aseptic conditions. He can sterilize the solution of the following substance:
Benzylpenicillin-sodium
Neomycin sulphate
Polymyxin sulphate
Chloramphenicol
Benzylpenicillin-potassium
‹ Назад
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A pharmaceutist has revealed an incompatibility in the prescription. What drug substances form an eutectic mixture?
Antipyrine + analgin
Chloral hydrate + camphor
Ephedrine hydrochloride + glucose
Calcium chloride + sodium chloride
Sodium hydrocarbonate + hexamethylenetetramine
‹ Назад
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The risk can arise from some forms of activity connected with production of goods and services, their selling, commodity-money and financial operations, commerce, implementation of socioeconomic and scientific-and-technical projects. This is the definition for the following concept:
Loss of time
Business risk
Labour loss
Loss of property
Financial loss
‹ Назад
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While studying the reaction of an 'acid'chloroform extraction in acidic medium with sodium nitrite, a forensic toxicologist got a compound stained emerald green. Which of the substances is capable of forming the mentioned ni-trose compound?
Analgin
Amidopyrine
Salicylic acid
Antipyrine
Noxiron
‹ Назад
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A patient got poisoned with nitrites. Nitrite detection by means of azo dye reaction involves using such acid:
Sulphanilic
Phosphoric
Hydrochloric
Salicylic
Sulphuric
‹ Назад
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Preparations made out of eleutherococcus roots and rhizomes are administered as a tonic and adaptogenic drug. If these preparations cannot be found in a pharmacy, they can be substituted by the analogous preparations made of the following raw material:
Rhizomes and roots of valerian
Acorus calamus roots
Polemonium roots
Elecampane roots
Ginseng roots
‹ Назад
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A patient with bronchial asthma has been administered a drug from the group of betaadrenergic agonists. Specify this drug:
Digoxin
Doxycycline hydrochloride
Salbutamol
Diazepam
Nitroglycerine
‹ Назад
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An analytical chemist determines the quantitative content of caffeine by method of acidometry in nonaqueous media in compliance with the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. What solution is used as a titrant?
Sodium edetate
Potassium bromate
Perchloric acid
Sodium nitrite
Sodium hydroxide
‹ Назад
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A pharmacy analyst identifies sodium hydrocarbonate. What indicator can confirm the presence of alkalescent medium reaction in the sodium hydrocarbonate solution?
Naphtholbenzein
Ferroin
Tropeolin 00
Phenolphtalein
Starch
‹ Назад
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Substance of calcium pangamate is to be studied in n analytical laboratory. Calcium cation forms a white precipitate with the following reagent:
Potassium permanganate
Potassium bromide
Sodium chloride
Sodium cobaltinitrite
Ammonium oxalate
‹ Назад
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A chemist of an analytical laboratory studies procaine hydrochloride according to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. What method is recommended by the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine for the quantitative analysis of this preparation?
Acidimetry
Alkalimetry
Bromatometry
Chelatometry
Nitritometry
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A patient has been administered a spasmolytic from the group of muscarinic receptor antagonists as a part of the complex treatment for renal colic. Specify this drug:
Benzohexonium
Galantamine
Neostigmine
Atropine
Dithylinum
‹ Назад
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A common method for quantitative determination of drugs from the group of alkali metal halogenides is:
Alkalimetry
Chelatometry
Argentometry
Permanganatometry
Nitritometry
‹ Назад
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A patient has been taking isosorbi-de for stenocardia prevention for quite a long time. Now he notes a significant decrease in the effect of the drug. What is this phenomenon called?
Physical dependence
Potentiation
Allergy
Tolerance
Cumulation
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Pharmacy activities are commonly operated by different types of managers. The function of direct control over drug preparation by a pharmaceutist refers to the following type of management:
Technical
Managerial
Bureaucratic
Institutional
Administrative
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A pharmaceutist has applied for a job of a stockkeeper at a wholesale pharmaceutical enterprise. What trial period doesn’t require agreement with the trade-union committee?
Up to three monthes
Up to two monthes
Up to one month
Up to four monthes
Up to six monthes
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Marketing manager at a pharmaceutical factory is planning its communication policy. Which component of the marketing communication systems has the highest value for one contact?
TV advertising
'Public relations'
Personal sale
Periodical advertising
Sales promotion
‹ Назад
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During the treatment of chronic heart failure with digoxin in a patient having bradycardia, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision. Which drug is the antidote in this case?
Tetacinum calcium
Dipiroximum
Atropine sulphate
Unithiol
Amyl nitrite
‹ Назад
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A biennial or perennial plant from the Apiaceae family has a blue-grey stem branching in its lower part. Its leaves are also blue-grey, finely dissected, with the ultimate filiform segments. The flowers are yellow, in compound umbels. Its fruit is used for production of 'dill water'. What plant is it?
Foeniculum vulgare
Conium maculatum
Petroselium crispum
Coriandrum sativum
Carum carvi
‹ Назад
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Incoming control is conducted in the course of wholesale and retail trade, such control is carried out during receipt of goods by visual inspection or analysis of drug. Incoming control is carried out by authorized person, which is assigned by:
Managers order
The order of head of territorial inspection
Proprietor of an enterprise
State inspection of drugs quality control
Head of regional structure
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When a pharmacy records goods as received, it normally specifies the amount of the markup intended for expenditure coverage and profit gaining. Give the definition for the markup:
The amount of goods sold
The difference between the sale price and purchase price of goods
Rummage (goods remains) at the end of the month
The difference between the sales price and markup
The difference between the sales price and the customs price
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Before the raw plant material is taken over from the supplier, it must be checked for compliance. Which document is the ground for recording raw plant material as received in the pharmacy in case of its approval?
Invoice
Write-off certificate
Consignation note
-
Acceptance certificate
‹ Назад
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The relationships between the demand, supply and price level is studied within the following field of complex market research:
Analysis of market segmentation
Analysis of sociopsychological features of buyers
Studies of economic environment
Studies of market and product requirements
Studies of market structure of companies
‹ Назад
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According to the Labour Code, compulsory deductions from the salaries of pharmacy employees include:
Trade union contributions
Amounts to be withheld under writs of execution
Alimony
Pension contributions
Excess payments
‹ Назад
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According to the basic regulations for supply of medical products, pharmacies should be supplied with medicaments having a remaining shelf life of no less than ... %, and bacterial preparations of no less than ...%:
80 %, 60%
40 %, 20%
60 %, 30%
50 %, 40%
60%, 40%
‹ Назад
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A patient with chronic bronchitis wants to buy glaucine hydrochloride at a pharmacy. What typical side effect of the drug should the patient be warned against?
Drop of arterial pressure
Irregular heartbeat
Excitation of the central nervous system
Allergic skin rash
Rise of intraocular pressure
‹ Назад
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A 30-year-old patient with a sleep disorder and psychoemotional disbalance has been administered diazepam. What is the mechanism of its psychosedative action?
Activation of GABAergic system
Inhibition of the reticular formation
Reduction of noradrenaline amount in the CNS
Inhibition of opioid receptors
Inhibition of the limbic system
‹ Назад
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Benzylpenicillin sodium is not used per os, because this drug:
Reduces formation of gastric HCl
Irritates gastric mucosa
Is destroyed by penicillinase
Poorly absorbed in the intestine
Destroys gastric HCl
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Select the reductant required for the determination of arsenic impurity in drugs (method 2):
Potassium iodide solution
Sodium hypophosphite
Sodium hydroxide solution
Sodium sulfite solution
Hydrochloric acid solution
‹ Назад
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A pharmacy received a prescription for powders with a too high single dose of phenobarbital not justified by proper documentation. What actions should a pharmaceutist take?
Supply the maximum single dose, multiplied by the number of powders
Supply the highest single dose
Put the stamp 'invalid' and return the prescription to the patient
Supply 1/3 of the maximum single dose
Supply 1/3 of the maximum single dose, multiplied by the number of powders
‹ Назад
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When heroin comes into an an organism, it metabolizes chiefly to:
Morphine
Codeine
3- acetylmorphine and morphine
Morphine and 6-monoacetylmorphine
6- acetylmorphine
‹ Назад
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A pharmacy received a prescription for a topical powder including a substance that is hard to disperse. Which of the listed fluids may be used for dispersing the substance?
Diethyl ether
Purified water
Water for injections
Dimexid
Isopropyl alcohol
‹ Назад
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A female has prolonged labour. Select a drug that stimulates labour activity due to its physiological effect from the listed below:
Pachycarpine
Oxytocin
Estrone
Neostigmine
Progesterone
‹ Назад
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A pharmaceutist has to prepare suppositories with a glycerine gelatin base by the molding method. What is the ratio of gelatin, water and glycerine required for the base?
2:1:5
2:2:4
1:2:5
1:3:4
3:2:3
‹ Назад
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While filling hard gelatin capsules such glidants as 0,1% - 0,3% aerosil or magnesium stearate along with 0,5% - 1% talc are often added to the filling agent in order to improve the following properties:
Homogeneity of mixing
Homogeneity
Regulation of moisture content
Flowability
Ability to contact molding
‹ Назад
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Prescriptions for drugs being subject to the stocktaking and supplied on favourable terms or free of charge except for narcotic (psychotropic) drugs and tramadol are written out:
On the pink form
On the forms F-3 and F-1
On the form F-1
On the form F-3
In 2 copies of form F-1
‹ Назад
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What management style is characterized by manager’s particular compliance, when manager initiates goals formation by his subordinate and is ready to accept it without reservations?
Laissez-faire management style
Combined style
Collective style
Democratic management style
Bureaucratic style
‹ Назад
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Activity of pharmaceutical institutions is subject to licensing. What is the duration of licencse for drugs and healthcare products sale?
Three years
Two years
Four years
Five years
One year
‹ Назад
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In case of loss of license a pharmaceutist should address an application for a duplicate to a licensing authority. The licensing authority is obliged to issue the duplicate to the applicant no later than:
One month from the date of application receipt
Three working days from the date of application receipt
Three monthes from the date of application receipt
The duplicate isn’t issued
Two monthes from the date of application receipt
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Which component of the marketing communication system focuses on creating a positive image of a company?
Personal sales
Public relations
Retail logistics
Advertising
Merchandising
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Select a loop diuretic of strong, emergency and short-term action from the listed below:
Triamterene
Furosemide
Acetazolamide
Spironolactone
Clopamide
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A laboratory received some herbal raw material for analysis. The plant had flowerheads up to 4 cm in diameter, the marginal flowers were agamic, blue, funnel-shaped; the inner flowers were bisexual, purple, tubular. What plant has these features?
Scutellaria baicalensis
Viola tricolor
Solidago virgaurea
Centaurea cyanus
Polygonum persicaria
‹ Назад
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Spesify the type of the following liniment: Ol. Helianthi 7,4 Sol. Ammonii caustici 25 ml Ac. Oleinici 0,1 M.f. linimentum D.S. To be rubbed in.
Liniment, emulsion w/o
Combined liniment
Liniment, emulsion o/w
Liniment-suspension
Liniment-solution
‹ Назад
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A patient who has been undergoing combined drug therapy for peptic ulcer presents with black feces. Specify a drug that might have caused such a change:
Bismuth subcitrate
Metronidazole
Ranitidine
Omeprazole
Actovegin
‹ Назад
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A man with a long history of chronic hepatitis has been diagnosed with pneumonia. Which of the following antibacterial drugs can be applied in this clinical situation?
Rifampicin
Tetracycline
Vancomycin
Biseptol
Amoxicillin
‹ Назад
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A 57-year-old female patient was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis; she has also a history of stomach ulcer. What drug from the group of nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs may be recommended this patient?
Aspirin
Indometacin
Mefenamic acid
Diclofenac
Celecoxib
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An internship doctor prescribed his patient nifuroxazid from the group of ni-trofurans for the treatment of urinary tracts infection. The doctor made a mistake because:
It is excreted from the organism very slowly
It cannot be absorbed from the digestive tract
It has bacteriostatic effect
It is excreted with urine in the inactive state
It has nephrotoxic effect
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Which of the following is the drug of choice for bronchial asthma attacks prevention?
Cromolyn sodium
Salbutamol
Drotaverine
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride
Ambroxol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A pharmaceutist needs to sterilize 250 ml of glucose solution for injections. How many minutes should the solution undergo sterilization in the autoclave under the temperature of 120°C?
8
15
25
12
30
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Grinding equipment is classified by the way of grinding. What kind of machines does a roller crusher relate to?
Abrasive
Impact
Crushing
Cutting
Impact-centrifugal
‹ Назад
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Antacid gastritis can be treated with plantain juice. What is the way of its extraction?
Extraction with condensed gases
Dissolution of concentrates
Repercolation
High-pressure compression
Maceration with aqueous ethanol solution
‹ Назад
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Oxidation of some toxins within the body results in generation of compounds that increase their toxicity. Thus, due to the oxidation of heptachlor in the body the folowing compound is formed:
Heptachlor oxide
Hexachlorocyclohexane
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Heptachlor epoxide
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A pharmacy has sulfonamide biseptol on sale. What chemical compounds are the main components of this drug?
Sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim
Urosulfan, sulfapiridazin
Sulgin, norsulfazol
Sulfazin, salazodimethoxinum
Phthalazolum, sulfadimezin
‹ Назад
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In course of isoniazid identification a pharmacy analyst boiled thoroughly the substance with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene. The substance turned yellow, after adding alkaline solution it turned first violet and then brownish-red. As a result of this reaction the following aldehyde derivative is produced:
Glutakon
Glyoxylic
Glutamic
Hexanic
Gluconic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A routine inventory revealed a cash shortage. Who must reimburse the sum of the identified shortage?
Pharmacy director
Department head
Deputy director of pharmacy
Deputy head of Department
Cashier
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A pharmaceutical factory produces herbal juice out of fresh raw material. What operation should be performed at the stage of juice purification?
Sedimentation
Filtration
Heating followed by quick cooling
Crystallization
Adsorption
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffering from stomach ulcer was prescribed an antiulcer drug that also reduces secretion of hydrochloric acid and inhibits Chelicobacter pylori. What drug is it?
Famotidine
Omeprazole
Gastrocepine
Almagel
Maalox
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Quantitative determination of ni-trofural (furacilin) can be done by method of spectrophotometry. A pharmacy analyst can calculate quantity by measuring:
pH of solution
Optical density
Refractive index
Rotation angle
Fusion temperature
‹ Назад
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An edema can be relieved by means of hypertonic solutions. What phenomenon takes place in the blood cells after injection of such solution?
Electrolysis
Lipolysis
Plasmolysis
Hemolysis
Hydrolysis
‹ Назад
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A consulting pharmacist informed a patient about possible side effect of metronidazole that is normally provoked by alcohol intake. What is the mechanism of this phenomenon?
Enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase blocking
Enzyme glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activation
Enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase activation
Enzyme acetylcholinesterase activation
Enzyme acetylcholinesterase blocking
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An anaesthesiologist has to perform an operation under neuroleptanalgesia. Which of the following drug combinations should be used in this case?
Fentanyl with diazepam
Droperidol with prednisolone
Diazepam with aminazine
Fentanyl with droperidol
Promedol with amitriptillin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Common juniper is applied as a diuretic, anti-inflammatory and cholagogic agent. This plant gives the following medicinal raw material:
Fruits
Leaves
Roots
Seeds
Sprouts
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Which of the following reagents should be added to the isoniazid to achieve blue colour and precipitation that turns light-green and emits gases when heated?
Hydrochloric acid solution
Copper sulfate solution
Alkaline solution
Iron (III) chloride solution
Silver nitrate solution
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For accounting business transactions carried out in a pharmacy the synthetic accounts are used. Their list is given in the Chart of Accounts. Balances of the I, II and III account classes are used for completion of the following document:
Liabilities
First section of the liabilities balance sheet
Assets
Profit and Loss Account
Fourth section of the liabilities balance sheet
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A 40-year-old patient suffers from bronchial asthma and cardiac rhythm disturbance in form of bradyarrhythmia. Drugs of which pharmacological group should be administered for bronchospasm suppression?
M-cholinomimetics
M-cholinergic antagonists
Muscle relaxant
Beta-blockers
Cholinesterase inhibitors
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A patient who has taken phenobarbi-tal for a long time was prescribed diclofenac sodium. However the anti-inflammatory effect of diclofenac appeared to be less than expected due to the pharmacokinetic interaction of these drugs. Such interaction might be the result of the following processes:
Reduced protein concentration in plasma
Increased drug dosage
Decelerated drug metabolism in liver
Accelerated drug metabolism in liver
Change of receptor sensibility
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