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During local anaesthetizati-on novocaine solution is usually compounded with solution of adrenaline hydrochloride. What is the purpose of this action?
Decrease in smooth muscle tone
Algesthesia reduction
Vasodilatation
Increase in smooth muscle tone
Vasoconstriction
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Which of the below-listed drugs is used for thrombolytic therapy in case of myocardial infarction?
Ticlopidine
Acetylsalicylic acid
Streptokinase
Heparine
rhenylinum
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On the 4th day of treatment with indometacin a 55-year-old patient developed gastrorrhagia as a result of gastric mucosa ulcer. Ulcerogenic effect of this drug is explained by the lowered activity of the following enzyme:
Lipoxygenase (LOG)
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)
Prostacyclin synthetase
Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)
-
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A 45-year-old patient has been taking neodicumarinum for thrombophlebitis for two weeks. The regular blood test revealed a decrease in prothrombin concentration, microhematuria. Which drug should be used as neodicumarinum antagonist?
Vicasol
Sodium citrate
Heparin
Aminocaproic acid
Protamine sulfate
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A patient complaining of dry mouth, photophobia and blurred vision has been delivered to the admission ward. Objectively: the skin is hyperemic, dry, mydriatic pupils and tachycardia are present. He has been diagnosed with belladonna alkaloids intoxication. Which of the drugs should be given as an antidote?
Dipiroxim
Armin
Aceclidine
Neostigmine
Pylocarpine
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A 52-year-old patient was diagnosed with systemic amebiasis accompanied by bowels, liver and lungs affection. What preparation should be administered?
Chiniofon
Metronidazole
Tetracycline
Phthalazol
Chingamin
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A gravida in her 20th week of gestation got ill with pneumonia. What chemotherapeutical drug may be administered with no risk for the fetus development?
Веnzylpenicillinum
Ofloxacinum
Sulfalenum
Laevomycetinum
Gentamycin
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During a surgical operation the muscle relaxant tubocurarine chloride was used. What antagonist drug should be injected in order to allow the patient to brief independently?
Cytitonum
Веnzohexonium
Neostigmine
Aethimizolum
Dithylinum
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A pharmacy depot received a batch of common plantain leaves. According to the requirements of the Pharmacopoeia, this herbal raw matrial is of adequate quality if it contains the following active substances:
Essential oils
Flavonoids
Anthracene derivatives
Polysaccharides
Tannins
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A pharmacy analyst analizes distilled water. For this purpose he brings some amount of the sample material to the boiling point, adds 0,02 M solution of potassium permanganate and diluted sulfuric acid. After 5 minutes of boiling the pink colour of the produced solution should not change. The pharmacy analyst tries to detect the following admixture:
Sulfates
Chemical reducing agent
Heavy metals
Nitrates
Carbon dioxide
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A pharmacy supplies the population with drugs for cash. Specify the VAT on drugs:
0%
10 %
20 %
15 %
30 %
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Aerosol production involves application of different groups of propellents. What propellents relate to the group of compressed gases?
Vinyl chloride, methyl chloride
Freons
Nitrogen, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide
Propane, butane, isobutane
Methylene chloride, ethylene chloride
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An analytical laboratory carries out quantitative analysis of sodium citrate by method of ionexchanging chromatography on a cationite. What titrated solution is to be used for the following titration of generated citric acid?
Iodine
Sodium hydroxide
Potassium iodate
Trilon B
Hydrochloric acid
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Which preparation is the specific antidote in case of intoxication with iron preparations?
Bemegridum
Protamine sulphate
Penicillamine
Atropinum
Deferoxamium
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A pharmaceutist revealed incompatibility in the formulation. Rp.: Sol. Collargoli 1% - 10 ml Sol. Adrenalini hydrochloridi 0,1% - 1i M.D.S. Nasal drops. What chemical process underlies this incompatibility?
Precipitation
Oxidization
Adsorption
Hydrolysis
Neutralization
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A pharmaceutist made a tincture of Adonis herb. A peculiarity of its preparation is that the active substances are derived in:
In the alkaline medium
In the subacid medium
In the neutral medium
In the alkalescent medium
In the acid medium
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Coltsfoot preparations are used for upper airways treatment. During procurement of this herbal raw material the following admixture may appear:
Pot marjoram (Origanum vulgare)
Spring adonis (Adonis vernalis)
Common plantain (Plantago major)
Marsh mallow (Althaea officinalis)
Great bur (Arctium lappa)
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A pharmacist-technologist received an ointment formulation. Rp.: Unguentum Resorcini 1,5% -10,0 Da. Signa. To be applied on the affected skin The pharmaceutist incorporated dry medical substance into the ointment by the following way:
Triturated with a few vaseline oil drops
Triturated with a few water drops
Triturated with a few ethanol drops
Triturated with a part of vaseline
Added to molten vaseline
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For granule drying different types of dryers are used. The dryer SP-30 relates to the following type:
Infrared
Sublimation
With a forced air circulation
With silica gel column
With fluidized bed
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Specify the herbal raw material with high concentration of carotinoids which is d used for production of phytopreparations:
Caseweed grass
Wild strawberry leaves
Sea-buckthorn fruits
Currant leaflets
Parsley roots
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For the purpose of sales stimulation a pharmaceutical wholesale company grants its customers a discount according to the social contract and on condition of their loyalty. Specify the type of discount:
Dealer
-
Discounts for quantity of purchased goods
Seasonal
Bonus
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One of the quality indicators for finished ampoules is lack of residual stress in the glass. Which operation at the stage 'Preparation of ampoules to be filled 'eliminates this imperfection?
Ampoule sterilization
Ampoule drying
Ampoule washing
Ampoule annealing
Capillary opening
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Companies producing injectable dosage forms apply different methods of ampoule sealing. Sealing against a jet of inert gases (nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide) is suitable for the following injection solutions:
Thermostable
Easily oxidable
Photosensitive
Hydrolytically unstable
Viscous
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Quality control of tablets produced at a pharmaceutical enterprise involves quantitative determination of such subsidiary substances as talc and aerosil. What method is applied for such determination?
Photocolorimetric
Spectrophotometric
Chromatographic
Titrimetric
Gravimetric
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Pharmaceutical plants produce enteric-coated tablets. According to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine, the coating mustn’t disintegrate in the acidic medium within the following period:
5 hours
1 hour
2 hours
4 hours
3 hours
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A patient with depression has been administered a drug from the group of tri- cyclic antidepressants. Specify this drug:
Phenazepam
Caffeine
Amitriptyline
Aminalonum
Droperidol
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In the medical practice this compound is used as a disinfectant. In case of intoxication with this compound the patient’s urine turns olive or olive-black. Specify the compound:
Ethyl ether
Phenol
Ethyl lbenzoata
Isoamyl alcohol
Iodoform
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A patient with hypertension has been administered one of antihypertensive drugs. Blood pressure dropped back to normal, but the patient has developed a persistent dry cough. Which of the following drugs has such a side effect?
Clonidine
Propranolol
Furosemide
Nifedipine
Enalapril maleate
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A patient suffering from ulcer disease was prescribed famotidine. What is the mechanism of its action?
Block of H2-histamine receptors
Block of cholinoreceptors of sympathetic ganglions
Block of muscarinic cholinoreceptors
Block of H і-histamine receptors
Inhibition of adenosine triphosphatase activity
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According to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine, a pharmacy analyst determines iron admixture in a preparation by means of citric and thioglycolic acids. What staining indicates presence of this admixture?
Blue
Pink
Yellow
Black
Green
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Name the reason for the reduction of anticoagulant effect of syncumar when it is applied in combination with phenobarbital:
Phenobarbital inhibits microsomal liver enzymes
Phenobarbital activates microsomal liver enzymes
These drugs are antagonists
Mutual inactivation
Development of syncumar allergy
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Calamus rhizome is likely to be confused with some other plant rhizome that can be found as an admixture in the herbal raw material. Specify the most likely admixture:
Valerian rhizome
Phlojodicarpus roots
Althaea roots
Elecampane roots
Iris rhizome
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Tannins can be used as an antidote for alkaloid poisoning. What herbal remedy should be applied in case of such intoxication:
Cinquefoil root
Althaea root
Elecampane root
Rhizome and roots of madder
Calamus rhizome
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Tannins have astringent effect and are used for treatment of colitis, enterocolitis, diarrhea. What herbal raw material contains a lot of tannins?
Fructus Rhamni catharticae
Fructus Ribes nigri
Fructus Myrtilli
Fructus Sambucci nigri
Fructus Frangulae
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Cardioglycosides of Adonis vernalis are used for heart failure treatment. This plant raw material should be stored:
According to the list B
In metal containers
Under normal conditions
Protected from CO2
According to the list A
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A pharmacy manager is writing the monthly 'Inventory report'. What business transactions should be represented in the expenditure item of the report?
Plant raw material purchases
Extra-evaluation of laboratorypackaging works
Amortization charged to operation
Payroll payment
Drug sales
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During inventory of a pharmacy the surplus of inventory holdings was revealed. What actions concerning the surplus should be taken by the inventory comission?
Take on charge
Writing-off
Immediate realization
Confiscation by superior organization
Abolishment
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A pharmacist made eye drops of pilocarpine hydrochloride and adrenaline hydrochloride solution. A peculiarity of the incorporation of the adrenaline hydrochloride solution is that it is added:
After dissolving of solids
To the half dose of solvent
After isotoning
In the first place
After sterilization, aseptic
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A patient has chronic pancreatitis with apparent manifestations of pancreatic exocrine hypofunction. Which of the following drugs would be the most appropriate in this case?
Acidin pepsinum
De-Nol
Раncreatinum
Drotaverine
Оmерrаzоlе
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Underground organs of medicinal plants that accumulate the most of active substances should be collected:
During the green fruiting
After the seeds have ripened and the overground parts died off
At the stem extension stage
At the budding stage
At the flowering stage
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In Ukraine the out-patients are supplied with narcotic and psychotropic drugs only by prescription. Medicoprophylactic institutions receive prescription blanks (Form 3) from the following source:
City’s health department
Pharmaceutical corporation
Wholesale companies
Typography
Pharmacy storehouse
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A patient has been administered powders containing menthol. What is the best way to achieve the required extent of menthol comminution?
To triturate it with glycerine or chloroform
To triturate it with purified water
To triturate it with alcohol or ether
To triturate it with other components of the formulation
To triturate it thoroughly with sugar
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Stability of suspensions can be enhanced by substances which increase the viscosity of the dispersion medium. Specify the substance that exhibits such properties:
Purified water
Ethanol
Ether
Glycerol
Dimexid
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A doctor prescribed an olive oil emulsion whose composition includes anesthesin. In order that anesthesin can be incorpotated into the emulsion it should be dissolved:
In the alcohol and add to the primary emulsion
In the mature emulsion
In the primary emulsion
In the treated water
In the oil before emulsifying
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О-methylation is an important method of organic substances biotransformation in the body, compounds that are subject to such method contain:
Phenolic groups
Carboxyl groups
Amides
Nitro groups
Tthiol groups
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Which antiseptic preparation has bactericidal effect due to the formation of atomic oxygen?
Potassium permanganate
Furacilinum
Chloraminum
Aethonium
Silver nitrate
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Styles of maize with stigmata containing fatty acids, vitamins, essential oils, saponins and other substances are used as:
Cardiotonic and antiarrhythmic
Bactericidal and astringent
Diuretic and choleretic
Expectorant and antibechic
Sedative and anticonvulsant
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One of the tablet coatings is enterosoluble capsule. They get solved in:
-
Oral cavity
Rectum
Bowels
Stomach
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It is required to analyse some herbal raw material in form of shiny black drupes up to 6-8 mm in diameter; the bone is large, very firm, spherical, light brown, with a single seed; it has a sweet, slightly astringent taste. This herbal raw material should be qualified as a fruit of:
Blueberry
Hawthorn
Buckthorn
Bird cherry
Black chokeberry
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Which of the following non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents has the least harmful effect on the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract?
Diclofenac
Nimesulide
Piroxicam
Indomethacin
Acetylsalicylic acid
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A pharmaceutist prepared eyedrops with boric acid. What sterilization method was applied?
By high-frequency current
Sterilization by gases
Sterilization by saturation vapor pressure
Sterilization by dry heat
Tyndallization
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A pharmaceutist refused preparation of nasal drops to a patient because of incompatibility between collargol and di-medrol written in the prescription. What is the reason for incompatibility between these ingredients?
Coagulation
Immiscibility
Adsorption
Dissection
Eutectic formation
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A pharmaceutist was preparing an ointment with ricin oil and Vaseline but failed to get homogenous system. What is the most likely cause of incompatibility between these components?
Restricted solubility
Release of water of crystallization
Coagulation
Component immiscibility
Adsorption
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A doctor wrote a prescription for the tincture of digitalis with hydrochloric acid. What is the reason for their incompatibility?
Precipitation
Change in odour
Change in colour
Hydrolysis (with no visible change)
Gassing
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At the initial stage of establishing a pharmaceutical enterprise the internal disciplinary regulations should be adopted. One of the primary matters is the duration of the lunch break for the employees. According to the Labour Code of Ukraine, the break duration must be as follows:
Not less than 3 hours
-
Up to 2 hours
2,5 hours
Up to 1 hour
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A 26-year-old patient was diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia provoked by mycoplasma. Choose the appropriate antimicrobial preparation for the patient treatment:
Amoksiklav
Amoxicillin
Веnzylpenicillinum
Rovamycine
Gentamycinum
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A 60-year-old patient has essential hypertension stage II, coronary disease, bronchial asthma. After pharmacotherapy correction the patient exhibited a bronchospastic attack, intensified dyspnea. What drug provoked this complication?
Propranolol
Salbutamolum
Еuphyllinum
Nifedipi^
Мucaltinum
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After an emotional stress a 60-year-old patient presented with chest pain irradiating to the left arm. Specify a drug that relieves pain in this case:
Propranolol
Metoprolol
Nitroglycerine
Nifedipine
Diltiazem
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A 70-year-old patient consulted a doctor about elevated arterial pressure. He has a history of benign hyperplasia of prostate. What drug should be administered in this case?
Diltiazem
Ем^гИ
Doxazosin
Losartan
Propranolol
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A pharmaceutist revealed incompatibility in a prescription for powders with ascorbic acid and hexamethylenetetramine. What process takes place when these components are combined?
Crystallization water exudation
Substances adsorption
Immiscibility
Mixture dampening
Eutectic formation
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A pharmaceutist made a medicinal preparation according to the following formulation: Rp.: Chloroformii Olei Helianthi Methylii salicylatis ana 10,0 M.D.S. For infriction. Specify the kind of disperse system:
Liniment - solution
Liniment - combined
Liniment suspension
Liniment - extractional
Liniment - emulsion
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In order to get registered in state authorities pharmacies as legal persons must possess authorized capital stock. What amount is identified as the authorized capital stock?
Total assets
The amount of noncurrent assets
The amount of debts of an enterprise
The amount of fund formation sources
The amount recorded in constituent documents
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According to the current legislation, pharmaceutists get the sickness benefit in case of temporary disability. Specify the source of payment for the first 5 days of being on the sick leave:
Pension fund
Environment stimulation fund
Reserve fund
Pharmacy expenditures
Pharmacy revenues
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Which of the listed antibacterial drugs should NOT be administered to a patient with diabetes mellitus type II being treated with glibenclamid?
Gentamycinum
Co-trimoxazolum
Benzylpenicillinum
Doxycycline
Midecamycin
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What drug may cause constipation in a patient undergoing combined therapy for arterial hypertension?
Furosemide
Acetylsalicilic acid in small dosages
Trimetazidine
Panangin
Verapamil
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A pharmacy plans to purchase and retail goods of different stock record units. Which group of goods does VAT reduction apply to?
Baby food
Perfumes
Optics
Medicaments
Curative cosmetics
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Preliminary tests involve using various kinds of indicator paper. Blackening of the indicator paper treated with plumbum acetate indicates that the biological object contains:
Ammonium hydroxide
Hydrogen sulphide
Sulphuric acid
Hydrogen chloride
Sodium hydroxide
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An analytical chemist makes a test for the presence of sodium thiosulphate. Select a reagent which allows to detect the thiosulphate ion:
Magnesium sulfate
Sodium hydroxide
Potassium iodide
Sodium bromide
Hydrochloric acid
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An analytical chemist determines the admixture of sulphates in the boric acid. What is the main reagent that he has to add:
Sodium sulphide
Ammonium oxalate
Silver nitrate
Barium chloride
Potassium ferrocyanide
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In order to arrest stenocardia attacks a patient takes nitroglycerin capsules. What is the rational way of the drug introduction?
Sublingual
Hypodermic
Peroral
Inhalation
Rectal
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Recommend a patient with acute bronchitis a mucolytic drug that ease difficulty in expectoration:
Diclofenac sodium
Loratadine
Glaucine
Drotaverine hydrochloride
Acetylcysteine
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A patient with atherosclerosis has been administered an anti-atherosclerotic agent. Specify this drug:
Ascorbic acid
Dexamethasone
Phenylbutazone
Phenofibrate
Pyracetam
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A pharmacy received a batch of medicines from a pharmacy depot. Specify the drug subject to the controlled substance inventory in pharmacies:
Dicaine
Paracetamol
Analgin
Novocaine
Acetylsalicylic acid
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A pharmaceutical company conducted an age-specific segment analysis of the regional antihistamine market. It revealed the lack of antihistamines for children. The company will consider this segment as:
A market share
A segment requiring further research
An unattractive segment
A market niche
A market door
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An obtained mineralisate contains sulphates of lead, barium and strontium in form of white precipitation. What procedure will allow to separate the lead sulphate?
Dissolution in concentrated sulphuric acid
Conversion into diethyldithiocarbamate
Conversion into carbonate
Dissolution in ammonium acetate
Conversion into arsine
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A pharmacy received the following prescription: 0,0002 g of scopolamine hydrobromide per 1 powder. How much of 1:100 trituration is required for the preparation of 10 powders?
0,2
0, 04
4, 0
0, 4
2, 0
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A pharmacy received a prescription for 3% alcohol solution of boric acid. What concentration of ethyl alcohol is required for preparing the drug form?
90%
60%
40%
96%
70%
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A licensed state-owned pharmacy obtains and retails narcotic drugs. Which state authority develops and revises the list of the drugs allowed in Ukraine?
State servise on Narcotic Drugs Control of Ukraine
-
State Inspectorate for Quality Control of Drugs
Public Joint Stock Company 'Medicaments of Ukraine'
State Pharmacological Centre
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A pharmacy is engaged in retail sales of drugs. What group of drugs does atropine sulphate relate to?
Psychotropic
Narcotic
Over-the-counter
Toxic
Drastic
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An employee of a pharmaceutical company has been commissioned with marketing research on the regional market of antiarrhythmic drugs. What stage of research would he prefer in the first place?
Collection and analysis of secondary information
Collection of primary information
Submission of report
Analysis of primary information
Preparation of report
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A pharmaceutical company 'Pfizer'is focused on offering the best quality goods at a high price which should cover the costs of research and development as well as production of high quality products. Despite the high price, the product is still in demand. What are the goals of the company’s price policy?
Increasing the company’s assortment
Ensuring the company’s survival
Increasing the market share
Winning the market leadership in respect of product quality
Maintaining status quo
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A pharmaceutical company 'Pharmasvet'has patented and produces now a new hypoglycemic preparation. The company markets this product directly through the own sales departments, affiliated sales companies, pharmacy network. Marketing policy of this pharmaceutical company can be characterized by the channel of the following level:
One-level
Two-level
Zero level
Three-level
Four-level
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A patient with cholelithiasis was prescribed the following drug for the purpose of cholesterol gallstone dissolution:
Ursodeoxycholic acid
Acetylsalicylic acid
Citric acid
Gamma-amino-butyric acid
Mefenamic acid
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Which of the listed methods of filling ampoules with injectable solutions can protect the capillaries from contamination with thick and viscous solutions?
Vacuum method
Syringe method
Turbo-vacuum method
Solution squeezing method
Steam condensing method
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Production of injection solutions involves an operation of solution filtration. What filters are used for sterile filtration?
Pressure filters
Filter developed by the Kharkiv Chemo-pharmaceutic Research Institute
Filter candles
Nutsch filters
Mushroom filter
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A 68-year-old female patient has been continuously taking furosemide for heart failure treatment. What drug should be used to prevent hypokalemia in patients taking furosemide?
Panangin
Atp-long
Trimetazidine
Mildronatum
Sustac forte
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Eye drops are prepared with an ointment base which is an alloy of vaseline and lanolin. Specify the method of its sterilization:
Dry heat
Pasteurization
Tyndallization
Ethylene oxide
Flowing steam
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Quantitative determination of silver nitrate is done by method of thi-ocyanatometry. What indicator is used in this case?
Potassium chromate
Sodium eosinate
Phenolphtalein
Iron (III) ammonium sulphate
Methylene blue
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An analytical chemist was identifying xeroform in reaction with sodium sulphide. As a result of reaction a black solid dropped out. What ion was detected?
Bismuth
Zinc
Lead
Copper
Silver
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During the chemico-toxicological study of the dialysate of an aqueous extract, the ammonia test IS NOT carried out if the dialysate includes the following substance:
Hydrogen sulphide
Sulphurous acid
Nitric acid
Sulphuric acid
Nitrous acid
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A forensic chemical laboratory received an object for analysis. The analysis involves quantitative determination of mercury by means of a reaction with di-thizone. What physicalchemical method is used within this analysis?
Gas-liquid chromatography
Extraction photocolorimetry
IR spectrophotometry
Thin layer chromatography
UV spectrophotometry
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A woman in the III trimester of pregnancy has an acute respiratory viral disease accompanied with body temperature rise up to 39oC. Which of the drugs should be recommended?
Celecoxib
Diclofenac sodium
Indomethacin
Paracetamol
Acetylsalicylic acid
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Suspensions as heterogenous systems can be characterized by kinetic and sedimentary instability. What substance is used for increasing suspension stability with hydrophobic substances?
Boric acid
Glucose
Sodium chloride
Sodium sulphate
Gelatose
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A patient presents with morphine intoxication. Which drug should be injected as an antidote?
Bemegride
Lobeline hydrochloride
Atropine sulphate
Naloxone
Unithiol
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Most alkaloids are isolated from the biological material by polar solvents. Which of the listed alkaloids is isolated by the way of distillation with water vapour?
Atropine
Quinine
Cocaine
Strychnine
Coniine
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Comparative analysis of the performance of two pharmacies showed that the trade stock in terms of days was 20 and 30 days respectively. Which of these indicators is NOT USED for calculating the trade stock?
Wage fund
The left-over goods in terms of settlement prices
Sales volume
The rate of trade mark-up
Turnover
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A pharmacy received drugs that are included in the National List of Essential Medicines. When supplying these drugs to the public hospitals, pharmacies are entitled to mark-up the drug charges at the rate of:
40 %
10%
30 %
50 %
20 %
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Sales of medical cosmetics retailed in pharmacies are taxable at the VAT rate of 20%. Who is charged with it?
Pharmacy
Wholesale intermediator company firm
End consumer
Customs service
Product manufacturer
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A patient who has been suffering from gastric diseases for a long time is found to have hyperchromic anemia. Which of the following drugs is applied for this pathology treatment?
Unitiol
Сyanocobalamine
Ascorbic acid
Охуferriscorbone
Ferrum Lek
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Essential oil of rose is used as an antiinflammatory and antispasmodic agent. It is localized in the following excretory organs:
Secretory cells
Essential oil glandules
Essential oil conceptacles
Glandular spots
Glandular hairs
‹ Назад
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A chemist of an analytic laboratory has to prepare turbidity standards according to the requirements of Pharmacopoeia. What substances are to be used as the reference?
Furacilinum and calcium chloride
Calcium sulphate and glycerin
Sodium chloride and calcium nitrate
Potassium chloride and barium sulphate
Hexamethylenetetramine and hydrazine sulphate
‹ Назад
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A pharmaceutist plans voluntary termination of the open-ended employment contract for the reason of her husband’s transfer to another area. Specify the form and term of notice that should be given to the pharmacy director:
Two-day notice in written form
One-week notice in written form
One-month notice in written form
Two-week notice in written form
Five-day notice in written form
‹ Назад
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A pharmacy makes wholesale purchases of health and hygiene products. An agent works under the contract with the manufacturer and makes deals at the manufacturer’s cost. The agent may be entitled to exclusive distribution in some regions. What kind of agent is it?
Consignee
Wholesale agent
Commission agent
Dealer
Broker
‹ Назад
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How much water should be taken in order to prepare 200 ml of aqueous extract of motherwort ( water absorption coefficient = 2 ml/g)?
160 ml
240 ml
210 ml
200 ml
220 ml
‹ Назад
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During the identification of a drug an analytical chemist of the State Inspectorate for Quality Control performs a lignin test. Specify this drug:
Cortisone acetate
Ascorbic acid
Methionine
Streptotcid
Analgin
‹ Назад
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A pharmacist-analyst carries out quantitative analysis of procaine hydrochloride. Which of the following solutions is to be used?
Sodium thiosulfate
Sodium edetate
Argentum nitricum
Potassium bromate
Sodium nitrite
‹ Назад
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The main active components of hawthorn berries are flavonoids. What is their pharmacological effect?
Hypotensive and sedative
Diuretic and styptic
Laxative and sedative
Tonic and antispasmodic
Antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory
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Name a 'metal poison'which is isolated from the biological material by the method of destruction:
Arsenic
Silver
Stibium
Mercury
Cadmium
‹ Назад
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Toxic substances can be isolated from the objects of biological origin by different methods. In case of intoxication with pesticides - derivatives of phosphoric acids - the following method is applied:
Infusion with organic solvents
Distillation with water steam from the alkaline medium
Infusion with water acidified with chloric acid
Dialysis from alkalized solutions
Infusion with alkalized water
‹ Назад
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A pharmacy analyst carries out purity test of the drug substance 'Sodium thi- osulfate'. Violet colour, that comes from reaction with sodium nitroprusside, indicates the presence of the following admixture:
Sulphates admixture
Sulfur admixture
Sodium chloride admixture
Specific sulfides admixture
Iodides admixture
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An analytic laboratory received 'Aether anaestheticus'for analysis. Which reagent should be used for detection of acetone and aldehyde admixtures according to the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine?
Aqueous solution of potassium iodide
Sodium hydrosulphite
Hydroxylamine solution
Ammonium solution of argentum nitrate
Alkaline solution of potassium tetrai-odomercurate
‹ Назад
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Activity of an organization depends on various factors. What factors refer to the internal environment of the organization?
Public authorities
Consumers
Economy status
Abilities, skills and talent of staff
Infrastructure
‹ Назад
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Financial accountability of pharmacies consists of separate account forms. Which form presents accounts payable for the goods purchased?
Financial performance report, form 2
Balance sheet, form 1
Financial performance report, form 2m
Balance assets, form 1
Net worth statement, form 3
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In Ukraine natural persons as small business entities are allowed to use the simplified tax system. What limit on the number of employees is established for such enterprises?
No more than 20 persons
No more than 40 persons
No more than 10 persons
No more than 30 persons
No more than 50 persons
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For the natural persons being small business subjects the simplified tax system is effective. But there is a limit of annual proceeds upon sale. What is the boundary amount of proceeds?
Up to 1 million UAH
Up to 500 thousand UAH
Up to 100 thousand UAH
Up to 5 million UAH
Up to 750 thousand UAH
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Simplified tax system implies replacement of several taxes by a single one. What limit on the number of employees is established for the legal persons to implement the simplified tax system?
25 persons
10 persons
75 persons
50 persons
100 persons
‹ Назад
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Fatty oil containing saturated fatty acids is used for atherosclerosis prevention. Specify the medicinal plant that is used for oil production:
Dill seeds
Black chokeberry fruits
Fennelflower seeds
Hawthorn fruits
Flax seeds
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A tablet shop produces trituration tablets. What quality indicators ARE NOT relevant for these tablets?
Microbiological purity
Homogeneity of dosage
Disintegration and dissolution
Abrasion, resistance to crushing
Homogeneity of content
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A phytochemical production unit produces biogenic stimulators out of different raw materials. Specify the biogenic stimulators of organo-mineral origin:
Vitreous body, Placenta injection, Рlasmolum, Solcoseryl
Extractum Aloes fluidum, Linimentum Aloes, Succus Aloes, Biosedum
Extractum Aloes fluidum, Linimentum Aloes, Рlasmolum
Peloidinum, Humisolum, Torfotum, Рlasmolum, Solcoseryl
Peloidinum, Humisolum, Torfotum, Fibs pro injectionibus
‹ Назад
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A pharmaceutical enterprise produces water solutions. The solution of the following substance is produced by method of chemical interaction and electrochemically:
Aluminum hydroxide acetate
Polyvinyl alcohol
Plumbum hydroxide acetate
Potassium arsenite
Calcium gluconate
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In course of preparation of suppositories by the pumping method the suppository mass became viscous and fluid after the incorporation of chloral hydrate into the cocoa butter. What substance should be added to the suppository mass in order to restore its density and plasticity?
Wax
Purified water
Glycerine
Dimexid
Starch
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Powders make up an important group among the extemporal medicinal preparations. Which of the following components can be incorporated into a powder without being preliminarily ground?
Camphor
Xeroform
Calcium gluconate
Ascorbic acid
Basic Bismuth nitrate
‹ Назад
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Qualitative reaction for phenol is the reaction with bromine water. What compound is produced as a result of the interaction of phenol with bromine water and drops out as a white solid?
2,4-dibromophenol
4- bromophenol
3- bromophenol
2- bromophenol
2,4,6-tribromophenol
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Upper airways diseases can be treated by means of herbal raw materials containing mucilages. The plant source of this compound class is:
Radix Belladonnae
Radix Ipecacuanhae
Radix Althaeae
Radix Inulae
Radix Rhodiolae
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The basic structure of steroid hormones is hydrocarbon skeleton -cyclopentane perhydrophenanthrene. What natural compound is used for testosterone propionate production?
Cholesterol
Indole
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Naphthalene
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According to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine, a pharmacy analyst should determine procaine hydrochloride by nitritometric method. What indicator is to be used for this purpose?
Neutral red
Crystal violet
Acid chrome blue
Xylenol orange
Methyl red
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According to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine, a pharmacy analyst should determine fluorouracil by method of nonaqueous titration. What titrated solution is to be used?
Sodium nitrite
Ammonium thiocyanate
Sodium edetate
Potassium bromate
Tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide
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An analytical chemist analyses the substance of ethylmorphine hydrochloride. The substance purity is tested by method of semi-microanalysis. What reagent is used to determine the water admixture?
Hypophosphite
Methoxyphenyl acetic acid
Molibdeno-vanadium
Biuretic
Iodosulphurous
‹ Назад
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An analytical laboratory carries out an analysis of ferrum sulphate heptohydrate according to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. The test portion of the substance should be titrated with the following solution:
Ammonium thiocyanate
Potassium bromate
Sodium edetate
Ammonium cerium sulfate
Argentum nitrate
‹ Назад
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A patient consults a pharmaceutist about taking acetylsalicylic acid as an antiaggregant. What is the daily dose that should be recommended for continuous use?
0,5-1,0 g
2,0-3, 0
0,1-0,3 g
Over 4,0 g
1,0-2,0 g
‹ Назад
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The main active components of senna leaves and fruits are sennosides A, B, C,
Phenolic acids
Flavonoids
Iridoids
Anthracene derivatives
They relate to the following class of biologically active substances:
‹ Назад
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A laboratory received some herbal raw material for analysis. It is a composition of ovoidpointed leaves up to 25 cm long and 20 cm wide; the leaf base is cuneate, the leaf edge is emarginate. The cutting is long and cylindric. The leaf venation is pinnatisect; the midrib and the first-order veins project significantly on the inferior surface of the leaf. The superior leaf surface is dark green, the inferior surface is light green. The plant has a weak narcotic smell. The taste cannot be determined. The plant is poisonous! The described herbal raw material relates to the following plant:
Chelidonium majus
Datura stramonium
Vinca minor
Passiflora incarnata
-
‹ Назад
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It is necessary to prescribe nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug for patient with rheumatoid arthritis and concomitant duodenal ulcer. Which drug is the drug of choice in this case?
Celecoxib
Diclofenac sodium
Analgin
Paracetamol
Acetylsalicylic acid
‹ Назад
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A pharmaceutist is preparing powders according to the following formulation: Rp.: Scopolamini hydrobromidi 0,0003 Ephedrini hydrochlorodi 0,05 Sachari 0,15 M.f. pulvis t.d. № 10 S. 1 powder thrice a day. Calculate the mass of 1 powder providing that the trituration (1:100) is used:
0,23
0,20
0,15
0,17
0,203
‹ Назад
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A pharmaceutist prepares several different solutions with antibiotics under aseptic conditions. He can sterilize the solution of the following substance:
Neomycin sulphate
Polymyxin sulphate
Chloramphenicol
Benzylpenicillin-potassium
Benzylpenicillin-sodium
‹ Назад
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A pharmaceutist has revealed an incompatibility in the prescription. What drug substances form an eutectic mixture?
Ephedrine hydrochloride + glucose
Calcium chloride + sodium chloride
Antipyrine + analgin
Sodium hydrocarbonate + hexamethylenetetramine
Chloral hydrate + camphor
‹ Назад
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The risk can arise from some forms of activity connected with production of goods and services, their selling, commodity-money and financial operations, commerce, implementation of socioeconomic and scientific-and-technical projects. This is the definition for the following concept:
Labour loss
Loss of property
Loss of time
Financial loss
Business risk
‹ Назад
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While studying the reaction of an 'acid'chloroform extraction in acidic medium with sodium nitrite, a forensic toxicologist got a compound stained emerald green. Which of the substances is capable of forming the mentioned ni-trose compound?
Noxiron
Salicylic acid
Antipyrine
Analgin
Amidopyrine
‹ Назад
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A patient got poisoned with nitrites. Nitrite detection by means of azo dye reaction involves using such acid:
Sulphuric
Phosphoric
Salicylic
Hydrochloric
Sulphanilic
‹ Назад
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Preparations made out of eleutherococcus roots and rhizomes are administered as a tonic and adaptogenic drug. If these preparations cannot be found in a pharmacy, they can be substituted by the analogous preparations made of the following raw material:
Elecampane roots
Ginseng roots
Polemonium roots
Rhizomes and roots of valerian
Acorus calamus roots
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A patient with bronchial asthma has been administered a drug from the group of betaadrenergic agonists. Specify this drug:
Salbutamol
Doxycycline hydrochloride
Nitroglycerine
Diazepam
Digoxin
‹ Назад
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An analytical chemist determines the quantitative content of caffeine by method of acidometry in nonaqueous media in compliance with the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. What solution is used as a titrant?
Sodium hydroxide
Perchloric acid
Potassium bromate
Sodium edetate
Sodium nitrite
‹ Назад
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A pharmacy analyst identifies sodium hydrocarbonate. What indicator can confirm the presence of alkalescent medium reaction in the sodium hydrocarbonate solution?
Ferroin
Phenolphtalein
Starch
Tropeolin 00
Naphtholbenzein
‹ Назад
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Substance of calcium pangamate is to be studied in n analytical laboratory. Calcium cation forms a white precipitate with the following reagent:
Sodium chloride
Potassium bromide
Potassium permanganate
Ammonium oxalate
Sodium cobaltinitrite
‹ Назад
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A chemist of an analytical laboratory studies procaine hydrochloride according to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. What method is recommended by the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine for the quantitative analysis of this preparation?
Chelatometry
Alkalimetry
Acidimetry
Bromatometry
Nitritometry
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A patient has been administered a spasmolytic from the group of muscarinic receptor antagonists as a part of the complex treatment for renal colic. Specify this drug:
Atropine
Dithylinum
Galantamine
Neostigmine
Benzohexonium
‹ Назад
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A common method for quantitative determination of drugs from the group of alkali metal halogenides is:
Nitritometry
Alkalimetry
Chelatometry
Permanganatometry
Argentometry
‹ Назад
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A patient has been taking isosorbi-de for stenocardia prevention for quite a long time. Now he notes a significant decrease in the effect of the drug. What is this phenomenon called?
Cumulation
Potentiation
Allergy
Physical dependence
Tolerance
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Pharmacy activities are commonly operated by different types of managers. The function of direct control over drug preparation by a pharmaceutist refers to the following type of management:
Managerial
Administrative
Technical
Institutional
Bureaucratic
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A pharmaceutist has applied for a job of a stockkeeper at a wholesale pharmaceutical enterprise. What trial period doesn’t require agreement with the trade-union committee?
Up to one month
Up to four monthes
Up to two monthes
Up to three monthes
Up to six monthes
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Marketing manager at a pharmaceutical factory is planning its communication policy. Which component of the marketing communication systems has the highest value for one contact?
Personal sale
Periodical advertising
'Public relations'
Sales promotion
TV advertising
‹ Назад
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During the treatment of chronic heart failure with digoxin in a patient having bradycardia, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision. Which drug is the antidote in this case?
Amyl nitrite
Dipiroximum
Tetacinum calcium
Atropine sulphate
Unithiol
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A biennial or perennial plant from the Apiaceae family has a blue-grey stem branching in its lower part. Its leaves are also blue-grey, finely dissected, with the ultimate filiform segments. The flowers are yellow, in compound umbels. Its fruit is used for production of 'dill water'. What plant is it?
Carum carvi
Foeniculum vulgare
Petroselium crispum
Coriandrum sativum
Conium maculatum
‹ Назад
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Incoming control is conducted in the course of wholesale and retail trade, such control is carried out during receipt of goods by visual inspection or analysis of drug. Incoming control is carried out by authorized person, which is assigned by:
State inspection of drugs quality control
Managers order
The order of head of territorial inspection
Head of regional structure
Proprietor of an enterprise
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When a pharmacy records goods as received, it normally specifies the amount of the markup intended for expenditure coverage and profit gaining. Give the definition for the markup:
Rummage (goods remains) at the end of the month
The difference between the sale price and purchase price of goods
The amount of goods sold
The difference between the sales price and markup
The difference between the sales price and the customs price
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Before the raw plant material is taken over from the supplier, it must be checked for compliance. Which document is the ground for recording raw plant material as received in the pharmacy in case of its approval?
Acceptance certificate
Consignation note
Write-off certificate
-
Invoice
‹ Назад
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The relationships between the demand, supply and price level is studied within the following field of complex market research:
Analysis of market segmentation
Studies of economic environment
Studies of market and product requirements
Analysis of sociopsychological features of buyers
Studies of market structure of companies
‹ Назад
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According to the Labour Code, compulsory deductions from the salaries of pharmacy employees include:
Trade union contributions
Alimony
Amounts to be withheld under writs of execution
Pension contributions
Excess payments
‹ Назад
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According to the basic regulations for supply of medical products, pharmacies should be supplied with medicaments having a remaining shelf life of no less than ... %, and bacterial preparations of no less than ...%:
60 %, 30%
40 %, 20%
60%, 40%
80 %, 60%
50 %, 40%
‹ Назад
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A patient with chronic bronchitis wants to buy glaucine hydrochloride at a pharmacy. What typical side effect of the drug should the patient be warned against?
Allergic skin rash
Drop of arterial pressure
Rise of intraocular pressure
Irregular heartbeat
Excitation of the central nervous system
‹ Назад
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A 30-year-old patient with a sleep disorder and psychoemotional disbalance has been administered diazepam. What is the mechanism of its psychosedative action?
Inhibition of opioid receptors
Activation of GABAergic system
Inhibition of the reticular formation
Inhibition of the limbic system
Reduction of noradrenaline amount in the CNS
‹ Назад
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Benzylpenicillin sodium is not used per os, because this drug:
Reduces formation of gastric HCl
Is destroyed by penicillinase
Destroys gastric HCl
Poorly absorbed in the intestine
Irritates gastric mucosa
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Select the reductant required for the determination of arsenic impurity in drugs (method 2):
Potassium iodide solution
Hydrochloric acid solution
Sodium hypophosphite
Sodium sulfite solution
Sodium hydroxide solution
‹ Назад
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A pharmacy received a prescription for powders with a too high single dose of phenobarbital not justified by proper documentation. What actions should a pharmaceutist take?
Supply the highest single dose
Supply the maximum single dose, multiplied by the number of powders
Supply 1/3 of the maximum single dose, multiplied by the number of powders
Supply 1/3 of the maximum single dose
Put the stamp 'invalid' and return the prescription to the patient
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When heroin comes into an an organism, it metabolizes chiefly to:
3- acetylmorphine and morphine
Codeine
Morphine
6- acetylmorphine
Morphine and 6-monoacetylmorphine
‹ Назад
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A pharmacy received a prescription for a topical powder including a substance that is hard to disperse. Which of the listed fluids may be used for dispersing the substance?
Water for injections
Purified water
Isopropyl alcohol
Dimexid
Diethyl ether
‹ Назад
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A female has prolonged labour. Select a drug that stimulates labour activity due to its physiological effect from the listed below:
Pachycarpine
Estrone
Progesterone
Neostigmine
Oxytocin
‹ Назад
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A pharmaceutist has to prepare suppositories with a glycerine gelatin base by the molding method. What is the ratio of gelatin, water and glycerine required for the base?
2:2:4
1:3:4
2:1:5
3:2:3
1:2:5
‹ Назад
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While filling hard gelatin capsules such glidants as 0,1% - 0,3% aerosil or magnesium stearate along with 0,5% - 1% talc are often added to the filling agent in order to improve the following properties:
Ability to contact molding
Homogeneity
Homogeneity of mixing
Regulation of moisture content
Flowability
‹ Назад
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Prescriptions for drugs being subject to the stocktaking and supplied on favourable terms or free of charge except for narcotic (psychotropic) drugs and tramadol are written out:
On the form F-3
On the forms F-3 and F-1
In 2 copies of form F-1
On the pink form
On the form F-1
‹ Назад
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What management style is characterized by manager’s particular compliance, when manager initiates goals formation by his subordinate and is ready to accept it without reservations?
Democratic management style
Combined style
Bureaucratic style
Collective style
Laissez-faire management style
‹ Назад
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Activity of pharmaceutical institutions is subject to licensing. What is the duration of licencse for drugs and healthcare products sale?
Three years
Four years
Two years
Five years
One year
‹ Назад
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In case of loss of license a pharmaceutist should address an application for a duplicate to a licensing authority. The licensing authority is obliged to issue the duplicate to the applicant no later than:
Three monthes from the date of application receipt
Three working days from the date of application receipt
The duplicate isn’t issued
One month from the date of application receipt
Two monthes from the date of application receipt
‹ Назад
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Which component of the marketing communication system focuses on creating a positive image of a company?
Merchandising
Advertising
Public relations
Retail logistics
Personal sales
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Select a loop diuretic of strong, emergency and short-term action from the listed below:
Clopamide
Acetazolamide
Furosemide
Spironolactone
Triamterene
‹ Назад
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A laboratory received some herbal raw material for analysis. The plant had flowerheads up to 4 cm in diameter, the marginal flowers were agamic, blue, funnel-shaped; the inner flowers were bisexual, purple, tubular. What plant has these features?
Scutellaria baicalensis
Centaurea cyanus
Solidago virgaurea
Polygonum persicaria
Viola tricolor
‹ Назад
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Spesify the type of the following liniment: Ol. Helianthi 7,4 Sol. Ammonii caustici 25 ml Ac. Oleinici 0,1 M.f. linimentum D.S. To be rubbed in.
Combined liniment
Liniment-solution
Liniment, emulsion o/w
Liniment, emulsion w/o
Liniment-suspension
‹ Назад
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A patient who has been undergoing combined drug therapy for peptic ulcer presents with black feces. Specify a drug that might have caused such a change:
Metronidazole
Omeprazole
Actovegin
Bismuth subcitrate
Ranitidine
‹ Назад
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A man with a long history of chronic hepatitis has been diagnosed with pneumonia. Which of the following antibacterial drugs can be applied in this clinical situation?
Vancomycin
Tetracycline
Rifampicin
Amoxicillin
Biseptol
‹ Назад
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A 57-year-old female patient was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis; she has also a history of stomach ulcer. What drug from the group of nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs may be recommended this patient?
Mefenamic acid
Indometacin
Diclofenac
Celecoxib
Aspirin
‹ Назад
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An internship doctor prescribed his patient nifuroxazid from the group of ni-trofurans for the treatment of urinary tracts infection. The doctor made a mistake because:
It is excreted from the organism very slowly
It has bacteriostatic effect
It is excreted with urine in the inactive state
It has nephrotoxic effect
It cannot be absorbed from the digestive tract
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Which of the following is the drug of choice for bronchial asthma attacks prevention?
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride
Cromolyn sodium
Drotaverine
Ambroxol
Salbutamol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A pharmaceutist needs to sterilize 250 ml of glucose solution for injections. How many minutes should the solution undergo sterilization in the autoclave under the temperature of 120°C?
30
12
8
15
25
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Grinding equipment is classified by the way of grinding. What kind of machines does a roller crusher relate to?
Impact-centrifugal
Impact
Abrasive
Crushing
Cutting
‹ Назад
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Antacid gastritis can be treated with plantain juice. What is the way of its extraction?
Maceration with aqueous ethanol solution
Dissolution of concentrates
Extraction with condensed gases
Repercolation
High-pressure compression
‹ Назад
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Oxidation of some toxins within the body results in generation of compounds that increase their toxicity. Thus, due to the oxidation of heptachlor in the body the folowing compound is formed:
Carbon monoxide
Hexachlorocyclohexane
Heptachlor oxide
Carbon dioxide
Heptachlor epoxide
‹ Назад
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A pharmacy has sulfonamide biseptol on sale. What chemical compounds are the main components of this drug?
Sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim
Sulgin, norsulfazol
Phthalazolum, sulfadimezin
Urosulfan, sulfapiridazin
Sulfazin, salazodimethoxinum
‹ Назад
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In course of isoniazid identification a pharmacy analyst boiled thoroughly the substance with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene. The substance turned yellow, after adding alkaline solution it turned first violet and then brownish-red. As a result of this reaction the following aldehyde derivative is produced:
Hexanic
Glutamic
Gluconic
Glyoxylic
Glutakon
‹ Назад
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A routine inventory revealed a cash shortage. Who must reimburse the sum of the identified shortage?
Pharmacy director
Cashier
Deputy head of Department
Department head
Deputy director of pharmacy
‹ Назад
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A pharmaceutical factory produces herbal juice out of fresh raw material. What operation should be performed at the stage of juice purification?
Adsorption
Heating followed by quick cooling
Crystallization
Sedimentation
Filtration
‹ Назад
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A patient suffering from stomach ulcer was prescribed an antiulcer drug that also reduces secretion of hydrochloric acid and inhibits Chelicobacter pylori. What drug is it?
Omeprazole
Maalox
Famotidine
Gastrocepine
Almagel
‹ Назад
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Quantitative determination of ni-trofural (furacilin) can be done by method of spectrophotometry. A pharmacy analyst can calculate quantity by measuring:
Rotation angle
pH of solution
Optical density
Fusion temperature
Refractive index
‹ Назад
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An edema can be relieved by means of hypertonic solutions. What phenomenon takes place in the blood cells after injection of such solution?
Plasmolysis
Hydrolysis
Electrolysis
Lipolysis
Hemolysis
‹ Назад
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A consulting pharmacist informed a patient about possible side effect of metronidazole that is normally provoked by alcohol intake. What is the mechanism of this phenomenon?
Enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase activation
Enzyme acetylcholinesterase activation
Enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase blocking
Enzyme acetylcholinesterase blocking
Enzyme glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An anaesthesiologist has to perform an operation under neuroleptanalgesia. Which of the following drug combinations should be used in this case?
Diazepam with aminazine
Droperidol with prednisolone
Fentanyl with diazepam
Fentanyl with droperidol
Promedol with amitriptillin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Common juniper is applied as a diuretic, anti-inflammatory and cholagogic agent. This plant gives the following medicinal raw material:
Leaves
Sprouts
Roots
Fruits
Seeds
‹ Назад
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Which of the following reagents should be added to the isoniazid to achieve blue colour and precipitation that turns light-green and emits gases when heated?
Silver nitrate solution
Alkaline solution
Copper sulfate solution
Iron (III) chloride solution
Hydrochloric acid solution
‹ Назад
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For accounting business transactions carried out in a pharmacy the synthetic accounts are used. Their list is given in the Chart of Accounts. Balances of the I, II and III account classes are used for completion of the following document:
Liabilities
Fourth section of the liabilities balance sheet
Assets
First section of the liabilities balance sheet
Profit and Loss Account
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A 40-year-old patient suffers from bronchial asthma and cardiac rhythm disturbance in form of bradyarrhythmia. Drugs of which pharmacological group should be administered for bronchospasm suppression?
Muscle relaxant
M-cholinergic antagonists
Beta-blockers
Cholinesterase inhibitors
M-cholinomimetics
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A patient who has taken phenobarbi-tal for a long time was prescribed diclofenac sodium. However the anti-inflammatory effect of diclofenac appeared to be less than expected due to the pharmacokinetic interaction of these drugs. Such interaction might be the result of the following processes:
Reduced protein concentration in plasma
Accelerated drug metabolism in liver
Increased drug dosage
Decelerated drug metabolism in liver
Change of receptor sensibility
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