Step 1 - Pharmacy 2020

What titrimetric method of analysis requires the use of both external and internal indicators?

Nitritometry

Alkalimetry

Complexometric titration

Argentometry

Permanganatometry

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A solution contains calcium, barium, aluminium, potassium, and sodium cations. Into this solution a small amount of ammonium hydroxide and alizarin solution was added, which resulted in production of red precipitate. What ion was detected as the result of this reaction?

Aluminium

Sodium

Calcium

Barium

Potassium

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Select an indicator for argentometric determination of chloride ions using the Mohr method:

Fluorescein

Diphenylcarbazone

Potassium chromate

Eosin

Methyl red

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Quantitative determination of copper salts by means of photometric titration should be conducted according to the calibration graph that is built within the following coordinates:

Optical density - liquid layer thickness

Optical density - temperature

Optical density - concentration

Optical density - wavelength

Light absorption intensity - wavelength

‹ Назад

Далі ›

2M solution of HCl was added into the solution being studied, which resulted in formation of white precipitate that turned black when processed with ammonia solution. What cation is present in this solution?

Ag+

Hg2+

Ba2+

Mg2+

Pb2+

‹ Назад

Далі ›

What should be measured during quantitative determination of glucose by means of polarimetry?

Rotation angle of a polarized light beam

Absorption coefficient of a polarized light beam in the solution

Refractive index

Light beam dispersion in the solution

Optical density of the solution

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Concentration of ethyl alcohol in tinctures and some other dosage forms can be determined by means of refractometry. For this purpose the following should be measured:

Angle of total internal reflection of a light beam

Rotation angle of a light polarization plane

Light beam refraction angle

Solution refractive index

Light beam incidence angle

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Ammonium thiocyanate solution was added into the solution being studied. The resulting solution colored red. This analytical effect indicates the presence of the following cation:

Iron(III)

Mercury(I)

Silver

Mercury(II)

Lead(II)

‹ Назад

Далі ›

What reference electrode should be used for potentiometric determination in a solution that contains ammonia and sodium hydroxide?

Silver

Glass

Platinum

Zinc

Silver chloride

‹ Назад

Далі ›

When barium chloride solution was added into the solution being studied, it resulted in a white precipitate that was acidand alkali-insoluble, which indicates that this solution contains:

Iron(II) ions

Permanganate ions

Chloride ions

Sulfate ions

Nitrate ions

‹ Назад

Далі ›

What laboratory glassware is used in titrimetric methods of analysis to measure out a precise volume of a titrant?

Pipette

Burette

Measuring glass

Measuring cylinder

Volumetric flask

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Quantitative content of oxalic acid can be determined by means of permanganatometry. How to determine the equivalence point for this kind of titration?

With adsorption indicator

With pH indicator

With specific indicator

With redox indicator diphenylamine

When titrate changes its color after another drop of working solution is added

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Specify what method of redox titration requires the use of specific indicator - starch - to fix the end point:

Bromatometry

Iodometry

Nitritometry

Cerimetry

Permanganatometry

‹ Назад

Далі ›

To separate cations of the 6th analytical group from cations of the 5th analytical group (acid-base classification), the following is used:

Silver nitrate solution

Excess sodium hydroxide solution

Acetic acid solution

Excess sulfuric acid solution

Excess ammonia solution

‹ Назад

Далі ›

To determine mass-volume fraction of ammonia in a solution, the following solution should be used:

Hydrochloric acid

Potassium permanganate

Sulfuric acid

Sodium hydroxide

Iodine

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Pharmacopoeia reaction to determine benzoate ions requires interaction with the solution of:

Acetic anhydride

Potassium chloride

Iron(III) chloride

Resorcin

Diphenylamine

‹ Назад

Далі ›

What reference electrode can be used in potentiometric analysis of a medicinal substance?

Quinhydrone

Silver chloride

Zinc

Glass

Antimony

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Why is there no group reagent for the cations of the 1st analytical group (acid-base cassification)?

They belong to biologically important elements

They have close ionic radii

They have large ionic radii

They can form soluble bases

Most of their salts are water-soluble

‹ Назад

Далі ›

What working solutions (titrants) are used in Volhard method (precipitation titration)?

KMnO4 and KBrO3

AgNO3 and NH4SCN

HClO4 and KOH

H2SO4 and NaOH

Na2S2O3 and K[I3]

‹ Назад

Далі ›

The third analitycal group of cations (acid-base classification) includes Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+. What acid can function as a precipitator agent (group reagent) for these cations?

HNO3

CH3COOH

HCI

HCIO4

H2SO4

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Reaction of sodium ions with potassium hexahydroxoantimonate(V) in neutral medium produces precipitate. Specify the color of this precipitate:

Blue

Red

Yellow

White

Green

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Which compound of those listed below is a condensed arene?

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Specify the Wurtz reaction among those given below:

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Select the formula of diazonium salt:

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Salts and esters of oxalic acid are called:

Succinates

Oxalates

Adipates

Urates

Malonates

‹ Назад

Далі ›

What test is used for identification of uric acid and other compounds with purine nucleus?

Silver mirror reaction

Fehling reagent

Lucas reagent

Copper mirror reaction

Murexide reaction

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Select the compound with both pyrrole and pyridine nitrogen atoms from those given below:

Pyrimidine

Pyridazine

Theophylline

Pteridine

2-Aminopyridine

‹ Назад

Далі ›

What reagent allows distinguishing between maltose (a reducing disaccharide) and sucrose (a non-reducing disaccharide)?

Tollens reagent

K4[Fe(CN6)]

FeCl3

NaOH

Br2

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Specify the name of the alkene given below according to the IUPAC substitutive nomenclature:

4-Ethyl-2-methyl-2-pentene

2,4-Dimethyl-2-hexene

3,5-Dimethyl-4-hexene

2-Ethyl-4-methyl-3-pentene

4-Ethyl-2-methyl-3-pentene

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Cellulose hydrolysis produces the following disaccharide:

Maltose

Cellobiose

Sucrose

Lactose

Glucose

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Transformation C2H4 (alkene) −→ C2H6 (alkane) occurs during the following reaction:

Dehydration

Hydration

Hydrogenation

Dimerization

Dehydrogenation

‹ Назад

Далі ›

What type of bonds participates in creation of both linear and cyclic carboxylic acid associates in the form of dimers?

Nonpolar covalent bonds

Ionic bonds

Hydrogen bonds

Polar covalent bonds

Donor-acceptor bonds

‹ Назад

Далі ›

The end-productof heating bromoethane with aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide is:?

Ethane

Ethanoic acid

Diethyl ether

Ethene

Ethanol

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Name the product of starch hydrolysis:

Ribose

Glucose

Mannose

Fructose

Galactose

‹ Назад

Далі ›

What is the formula of salicylic acid?

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Which of the compounds given below is an aromatic one?

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Which of the listed monosaccharides is a ketose?

Mannose

Glucose

Galactose

Ribose

Fructose

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Fructose is a monosaccharide, glucose isomer. In medicine it is used in treatment of hepatic disorders and as a part of special diets. Which formula corresponds with Dfructose?

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Dibazol (Bendazol) is a hypotensive antispasmodic drug. Its mechanism of action is based on its ability to block phosphodiesterase type 4 enzyme activity. This drug contains the following heterocyclic compound:

Pyrimidine

Benzimidazole

Thiazole

Benzene

Pyridine

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Which formula corresponds with β-D-glucopyranose?

‹ Назад

Далі ›

What compound is synthesized by means of beta-picoline oxidation?

Uric acid

Benzoic acid

Nicotinic acid

Barbituric acid

Ascorbic acid

‹ Назад

Далі ›

What compound will be produced as the result of toluene chlorination in the presence of FeCl3 catalyst?

‹ Назад

Далі ›

What value determines the degree of influence that foreign ions have on the potential of an ion-selective electrode?

Electrical conductivity coefficient

Diffusion coefficient

Selectivity coefficient

Osmotic coefficient

Activity coefficient

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Name the process of spontaneous adhesion of drops in an emulsion to each other:

Flotation

Coalescence

Coagulation

Flocculation

Sedimentation

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Enzymes are widely used as drugs in pharmacy. What is the main difference that separates enzymes from non-biological catalysts?

Low universality

High dispersion

High specificity and selectivity

High homogeneity

High universality

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Name the structural unit of a colloidal solution of a medicinal substance:

Molecule

Zwitterion

Micelle

Atom

Ion

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Surfactants and high-molecular compounds are added into concentrated emulsions to stabilize them. These substances are:

Emulsifiers

Catalysts

Activators

Solvents

Absorbents

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Specify the order of acetone breakdown reaction: CH3COCH3 = C2H4 + H2 + CO

Second

First

Fractional

Third

Zero

‹ Назад

Далі ›

What two methods of obtaining a disperse system can be characterized as physical condensation?

Ultrafiltration and vapour condensation

Vapour condensation and solvent substitution

Ultrafiltration and peptization

Dispergation and peptization

Chemical condensation and peptization

‹ Назад

Далі ›

If in the process of molecular adsorption the solute is being adsorbed more than the solvent, then the following occurs:

No adsorption

Selective adsorption

Negative adsorption

Ion adsorption

Positive adsorption

‹ Назад

Далі ›

What device is used to measure surface tension of a liquid?

Areometer

Viscometer

Stalagmometer

Nephelometer

Calorimeter

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Sedimentation is characteristic of the following systems:

Foams

Suspensions

Solutions of high-molecular compounds

Electrolyte solutions

Nonelectrolyte solutions

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Under certain conditions, solutions of high-molecular substances can lose their flowability, meaning that the bonds begin to form between macromolecules, leading to the formation of a spatial grid. Name this process:

Coacervation

Peptization

Gel formation

Condensation

Coagulation

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Collagen, gelatin, keratin, and myosin are the proteins that are formed with peptide bonds and resemble long threads in shape. Name this type of proteins:

Globular proteins

-

Chain proteins

Structured proteins

Fibrillar proteins

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Name the ability of high-molecular compounds to prevent precipitation of lyophobic sols and deposition of cholesterol plaques on the vessel walls:

Sedimentation

Coacervation

Coagulation

Colloid protection

Thixotropy

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Saline solution with 0.9% of NaCl in relation to blood serum can be characterized as:

Hypertonic

Hypotonic

Isotonic

-

Colloidal

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Helmholtz energy is a direction criterion of a spontaneous process at a constant:

Internal energy and volume

Entropy and volume

Temperature and volume

Temperature and pressure

Entropy and pressure

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Name the process of removing one or several substances from a complex system by means of a selective solvent:

Evaporation

Crystallization

Condensation

Dispersion

Extraction

‹ Назад

Далі ›

In medical and pharmaceutical practice the phenomena of adsorption, wetting, and adhesion are regularly observed. Name this group of phenomena:

Optical phenomena

Surface phenomena

Physico-chemical phenomena

Molecular-kinetic phenomena

Electrokinetic phenomena

‹ Назад

Далі ›

I.I.Mechnikov, when studying inflammatory process, described a certain order that is characteristic of leukocyte migration to the inflammation focus. The cells emigrate to the focus in the following order:

Monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophilic granulocytes

Lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophilic granulocytes

Monocytes, neutrophilic granulocytes, lymphocytes

Neutrophilic granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes

Neutrophilic granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A patient has developed anuria. Blood pressure is 50/20 mm Hg. What process of uropoiesis caused acute decrease of urination?

Tubular secretion

Glomerular filtration

-

Facultative reabsorption

Obligatory reabsorption

‹ Назад

Далі ›

During lancing an abscess in the oral cavity, it produces a yellow-green discharge. What cells are always present and predominant in the purulent exudate?

Basophils

Eosinophils

Neutrophils

Lymphocytes

Erythrocytes

‹ Назад

Далі ›

People, who were in the building during a fire, suffer from carbon monoxide poisoning. What type of hypoxia can be observed in this case?

Respiratory

Tissue

Hemic

Circulatory

Hypoxic

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A 42-year-old patient presents with skin pallor, weakness, and enlarged lymph nodes. In peripheral blood: leukocytosis, no intermediate forms of leukocytes (”leukemic hiatus”), accelerated ESR. What disease can be suspected in this case?

Neutrophilic leukocytosis

Acute leukemia

Chronic leukemia

Erythromyelosis

Leukemoid reaction

‹ Назад

Далі ›

To reproduce Ehrlich carcinoma in a rabbit, a certain amount of benzpyrene (a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) was daily applied to a dehaired patch of skin of the animal. What method is used for tumor modelling in this case?

Transplantation

Induction

Ionizing radiation

Explantation

Hormone administration

‹ Назад

Далі ›

After a surgery the patient presented with a severe pain syndrome. What change in the patient’s hormonal status is most likely in this case?

Decreased ACTH production

Decreased production of glucocorticoids

Insulin hypersecretion

Increased catecholamine production

Decreased production of mineralocorticoids

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A 9-year-old child due to acute bronchitis developed elevated body temperature up to 38.5oC that lasted for a week and was then followed by a drop in the temperature down to 37.0oC. What mechanism is leading at the 3rd stage of fever?

Increased diuresis

Peripheral vasodilation

Increased respiration rate

Increased heat production

Development of chills

‹ Назад

Далі ›

One hour after a child took polyvitamins in the dosage form of a syrup, the child developed a markedly itching urticaria-type rash all over the body. What type of allergic response can be characterized by this sign?

Immune complex

Autoallergic

Anaphylactic

Delayed-type hypersensitivity

Cytotoxic

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A patient develops prolonged hemorrhages and hemorrhages into the muscles and joints as a result of any microtraumas. In the blood there is a deficiency of the VIII plasma factor of blood coagulation. What disease of blood system is observed in this patient?

Vaquez disease (polycythemia vera)

Hemophilia A

B12 and folate deficiency anemia

Iron-deficiency anemia

Thrombocytopenic purpura

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A man received a radiation dose of 30 Gy. He presents with necrotic angina, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Blood tests revealed anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. What stage of acute radiation sickness is observed in the patient?

Manifest illness stage

-

Recovery

Latent stage

Prodromal stage

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A 54-year-old man requested a pharmacist’s advice on drug prescription. The patient has 4-year-long history of chronic glomerulonephritis and 2-year-long history of persistent hypertension. What substance synthesized in the kidneys has important role in development of arterial hypertension?

Aldosterone

Renin

Nitric oxide

Catecholamines

Histamine

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Examination of a 45-year-old man, who for a long time kept to a vegetarian plantbased diet, revealed him to have negative nitrogen balance. What peculiarity of his diet has caused such developments?

Insufficient protein content

Excessive carbohydrate content

Insufficient vitamin content

Excessive water content

Insufficient fat content

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A 23-year-old man came to the infectious diseases department with complaints of abdominal distension and diarrhea. He was diagnosed with lambliasis. What type of leukocytosis is characteristic of this disease?

Monocytic

Basophilic

Eosinophilic

Lymphocytic

Neutrophilic

‹ Назад

Далі ›

What is the mechanism of indirect action of ionizing radiation on cells?

Swelling of organelles

Chromosome rupture

Activation of protein biosynthesis

Formation of large amount of free radicals

Damage to the cytoplasmic membrane

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A couple came to the genetic consultation for their newborn child to be examined. Karyotype test detects an additional chromosome in the 21 pair. What diagnosis can be made?

Patau syndrome

Down syndrome

Edwards syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome

Turner syndrome

‹ Назад

Далі ›

After a physical exertion a person develops extra (premature) cardiac contractions. What type of arrhythmia is it?

Ventricular fibrillation

Sinus bradycardia

Paroxysmal tachycardia

Sinus tachycardia

Extrasystole

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A 55-year-old man came to a doctor with complaints of acute pain in his big toes. Meat and wine are always present in his diet. The doctor suspects gout. What substance must be measured in the patient’s blood to confirm this diagnosis?

Uric acid

Lactate

Urea

Ketone bodies

Bilirubin

‹ Назад

Далі ›

suffers from diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia. What vitamin is likely to be deficient in this patient, causing the patient’s condition?

Nicotinic acid

Retinol

Vitamin D

Vitamin K

Tocopherol

‹ Назад

Далі ›

An unconscious patient was brought into the intensive care unit. Acetone breath, acute hyperglycemia, and ketonemia are detected. What complication of diabetes mellitus occurred in this case?

Acute acetone poisoning

Nephritis

Hypoglycemic coma

Diabetic coma

Cataract

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Serum total protein is one of metabolic indicators. What reaction is usually used in clinical laboratories to measure this value?

Xanthoproteic

Biuret

Ninhydrin

Nitroprusside

Fohl

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Thyroid gland produces a hormone that regulates Ca2+ levels in blood, which facilitates mineralization of bone tissue. What hormone has such an effect?

Thyroxin

Triiodothyronine

Thyrocalcitonin

Adrenaline

Dopamine

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A patient is diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. For diagnostic purpose it is necessary to measure the activity of the following enzyme in the patient’s blood:

Amylase

Pepsin

Aldolase

LDH

Creatine kinase

‹ Назад

Далі ›

What enzyme allows for synthesis of various genes from template-RNA to DNA in genetic engineering (this enzyme catalyzes the process discovered in RNAviruses)?

Helicase

Exonuclease

Reverse transcriptase

DNA-ligase

Endonuclease

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Primary structure of nucleic acids is a polynucleotide chain that has a certain composition and order of the nucleotides. What bonds stabilize this structure?

-phosphodiester

Amide

Disulfide

Glycosidic

Peptide

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Gout develops when purine nucleotide metabolism is disturbed. A doctor prescribed the patient allopurinol that is a competitive inhibitor of:

Xanthine oxidase

Succinate dehydrogenase

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Lactate dehydrogenase

Hexokinase

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Cocarboxylase is used in medicine as a pharmaceutical preparation for treatment of myocardial dystrophy and conditions that affect muscles and peripheral CNS. What vitamin is a component of this preparation?

B2

B1

C

B6

B12

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A patient complains of polyuria. Urine test detects no pathologic components, but urine specific gravity is abnormally low. What hormone secretion is likely to be disturbed in this patient?

Somatotropin

Vasopressin

Thyrotropin

Insulin

Cortisol

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A patient with hyperproduction of thyroid hormones has been prescribed Merkazolilum. This drug inhibits the following enzyme participating in iodothyronine synthesis:

Decarboxylase

Aromatase

Aminotransferase

Iodide peroxidase

Reductase

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Ascorutin vitamin preparation is used for treatment of bleeding gums and punctate hemorrhages. What vitamin does this preparation contain? Бiологiчнахiмiя

E

D

A

C

K

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A man developed high plasma iron levels due to intensified hemolysis of erythrocytes. What plasma protein transports iron?

Ceruloplasmin

Albumin

Histone

Interferon

Transferrin

‹ Назад

Далі ›

In case of hypovitaminosis of a certain vitamin, disturbed proliferation of epithelial and connective tissue can be observed. Patients with this type of hypovitaminosis usually present with impaired vision and spatial orientation. Name this vitamin:

Pyridoxine

Tocopherol

Riboflavin

Cholecalciferol

Retinol

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Antihistamines are used in treatment of allergic responses, because histamine functions as an allergic response mediator. Name the amino acid from which histamine is produced:

Alanine

Glycine

Tyrosine

Histidine

Asparagine

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Cholesterol synthesis inhibitors are used as antiatherosclerotic drugs. Select one such drug from the list:

Benzylpenicillin

Lovastatin

Pancreatin

Sulfanilamide

Chloramphenicol

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Aspartame is used as a sweetener and in treatment of diabetes mellitus. What amino acid does it contain?

Glutamic acid

Methionine

Valine

Leucine

Aspartic acid

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Hemoglobin break-up begins in the cells of reticuloendothelial system. What enzyme catalyzes the reduction reaction of biliverdine into bilirubin?

Hexokinase

Biliverdine reductase

Beta-glucuronidase

Xanthine oxidase

Heme oxygenase

‹ Назад

Далі ›

grow in moderately humid conditions belong to the following ecological group:

Hygrophytes

Succulents

Hydrophytes

Mesophytes

Xerophytes

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Among the trees of Fabaceae family there is an early-flowering melliferous plant with pinnately compound leaves, spine-shaped stipules, and white fragrant flowers arranged in hanging racemes. Name this plant:

Robinia pseudoacacia

Armeniaca vulgaris

Aesculus hippocastanum

Aronia melanocarpa

Quercus robur

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Select a Brassicaceae family plant that contains glycosides similar in action to those obtained from foxglove:

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

Erysimum canescens

Polygonum aviculare

Urtica dioica

Primula officinalis

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Among harvested plants there was Capsella bursa-pastoris, which can be characterized as follows:

Biennial plant, basal leaves - membranous, fruit - small winged heart-shaped silique

Biennial plant, basal leaves - pinnatilobate, fruit - small round silique

Perennial plant, basal leaves - entire-kind, fruit - cylindric silique

Annual plant, basal leaves - compound, fruit - segmented silique

Annual plant, basal leaves - pinnatisected or pinnatipartite, fruit - small triangular heart-shaped silique

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Berberis vulgaris has spines that are modifications of:

Petioles

Stipules

Stems

Leaves

Rachises

‹ Назад

Далі ›

In monocotyledonous plants metabolism end-products are often represented by multiple needle crystals of calcium oxalate arranged in clusters. Name these structures:

Druses

Twinned crystals

Crystalline sand

Styloids

Raphides

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Name the male gametophyte of flowering plants:

Nucellus

Pollen grains

Embryo sac

Carpel

Ovule

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A gastric tea contains small oval brown lignified cone-shaped plant parts up to 1.5 cm in length that can be identified as:

Larch cones

Aggregate fruits of alnus

Berry-like juniper cones

Platycladus orientalis cones

Cypress cones

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A diagnostic feature important for correct identification of pine species is the number of needles on the short shoots (brachyblasts). Pinus sylvestris has the following number of needles on its short shoots:

5

8

Many

3

2

‹ Назад

Далі ›

In pharmaceutical manufacturing, rutin and quercetin are obtained from the flowers of a certain Fabaceae family plant. Name this plant:

Robinia pseudoacacia

Acacia dealbata

Styphnolobium japonicum

Astragalus piletocladus

Caragana arborescens

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A cough tea contains comminuted roots of a plant. The roots are colored bright yellow and taste sweet. They were identified as roots of the following plant:

Althaea officinalis

Sanguisorba officinalis

Glycyrrhiza glabra

Valeriana officinalis

Acorus calamus

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Nuciform fruits include a certain type of one-seeded fruit that does not burst when ripe. Its base is enclosed in a cup-shaped cupule formed by the broad part of the peduncle to which the flower was attached. Name this type of fruit:

Acorn

Samara

Nut

Caryopsis

Nutlet

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Plantago major inflorescence grows at the apex, its rachis is long, with sessile flowers. Name this type of inflorescence:

Panicle

Spadix

Capitulum

Spike

Thyrse

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Upon examination of a flower it is determined to have one pistil made up of single free carpel. Therefore, this gynoecium can be identified as:

Paracarpous

Apocarpous

Monocarpous

Lysicarpous

Syncarpous

‹ Назад

Далі ›

One of the important diagnostic features of garden sage and motherwort is their shape of corolla. Their flowers have the following type of corolla:

Pseudoligulate

Bilabiate

Funnelform

Thimble-shaped

Ligulate

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Rhizome of an Asteraceae family species is polycephalous, succulent, has lysigenous cavities, accumulates inulin. Such underground organ is characterisic of:

Inula helenium

Digitalis grandiflora

Helianthus annuus

Hyoscyamus niger

Sorbus aucuparia

‹ Назад

Далі ›

To obtain bacterial exotoxins, microorganisms are cultivated in a liquid nutrient medum, into which the toxins are being discharged. What method allows clearing the medium of microorganisms, so that only pure exotoxins will remain in the medium?

Autoclaving

Boiling

Application of disinfectants (Chloramine)

Filtration through bacterial filters

Ultraviolet irradiation

‹ Назад

Далі ›

In the course of bacteriological examination of the feces of a patient with diarrhea, a pure culture of slightly curved bacilli was obtained. In the microslide these microorganisms were arranged in clusters resembling schools of fish. Cultivation in the alkaline medium (alkaline peptone water) in six hours resulted in formation of a bluetinged film. These features are characteristic of the following causative agent:

Vibrio cholerae

Mycobacteria

Salmonellae

Spirochetes

Colibacilli

‹ Назад

Далі ›

One day after eating meatballs in the school canteen, several students came to the nurse’s office complaining of stomachache, vomiting, high body temperature, and diarrhea. One of the students was hospitalized in a severe condition. What microorganisms can be the cause of this food toxicoinfection?

Salmonellae

Clostridiae

Meningococci

Streptococci

Shigellae

‹ Назад

Далі ›

For tetanus prevention a certain toxin is used. For 4 weeks this toxin is being neutralized with formaldehyde (0.4%) under the temperature of 39oC. Name the resulting preparation:

Anatoxin

Antitoxic serum

Inactivated vaccine

Adjuvant

Immunoglobulin

‹ Назад

Далі ›

After examination the patient was diagnosed with tick-borne encephalitis. What route of transmission is characteristic of this disease?

Airborne droplet transmission

Fecal-oral transmission

Vector-borne transmission

Parenteral transmission

Vertical transmission

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A chemotherapeutic agent has bactericidal effect against streptococci, staphylococci, bacilli, and clostridia. According to its action spectrum this drug belongs to the following group:

Broad spectrum antifungal agents

Antiviral agents

Antituberculous agents

Broad spectrum antibacterial agents

Narrow spectrum antibacterial agents

‹ Назад

Далі ›

It is known, that HIV infection leads to severe immunologic disturbances in the body that result in the development of AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). What cells of the human body are the most susceptible to HIV infection?

T helper cells

Endotheliocytes

Suppressor T cells

B lymphocytes

Hepatocytes

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Microbe survival within environment is facilitated by spore formation. What genus of microorganisms can be characterized as spore formers:

Clostridium

Bacteroides

Staphylococcus

Peptostreptococcus

Peptococcus

‹ Назад

Далі ›

To induce an artificially acquired active immunity, a three-month-oldchild was given orally a Sabin strain-based live cultural vaccine. This vaccine is used for prevention of:

Measles

Poliomyelitis

Parotitis

Tuberculosis

Rubella

‹ Назад

Далі ›

After examination the child was diagnosed with scarlet fever. What microorganism is a causative agent of this disease?

Klebsiella

Meningococcus

Streptococcus

Actinomycete

Staphylococcus

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A ready-made drug was inoculated on Sabouraud’s agar and incubated under 22oC for 5 days. This nutrient medium was used to determine the following:

Presence of E. coli

Presence of S. aureus

Number of mold and yeast fungi

Presence of Salmonella

Total number of bacteria

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Seitz filters are widely used in laboratory practice. What is their purpose?

Virus destruction

Growing of bacteriophages

Measurement of water contamination

Sterilization by means of filtration

Disinfection of solutions

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Thermolabile medicinal preparation for extemporal use was heated to 65oC thrice with intervals of one day between the heatings. What method of sterilization was used in this case?

Tyndallization

Koch’s steam sterilization

Calcination

Filtration

Pasteurization

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Many serological reactions require strictly aseptic conditions. What method of sterilization is optimal for decontamination of laboratory glassware?

Filtration

Dry heat

Calcination

Pasteurization

Tyndallization

‹ Назад

Далі ›

During microscopy of a smear made from the sputum sample and stained according to the Ziehl-Neelsen technique, the medical laboratory scientist detected bright red acid-fast bacilli arranged separately and in groups. What microorganisms were detected?

Salmonella typhi

Micobacterium tuberculosis

Bordetella pertussis

Staphylococcus aureus

Bacillus anthracis

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Sanitary-microbiological assessment of water quality in the water supply system conducted by the sanitary-epidemiological station detected microorganisms indicative of fecal contamination of water. What microorganisms were detected?

Streptococcus agalactiae

Escherichia coli

Neisseria sicca

Haemophilus influenzae

Staphylococcus aureus

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Air contamination with pathological microorganisms can be anticipated by the presence of indicator bacteria. Specify the bacteria that indicate immediate epidemiologic danger:

Sarcinae

Yeast fungi

Hemolytic streptococci

Mold fungi

Micrococci

‹ Назад

Далі ›

It can be safely assumed that the infants born from the mothers with the history of measles will not be affected by the measles outbreak during their stay in the maternity ward. What classes of antibodies provide the infants with the resistance to this disease?

IgG

IgA

IgE

IgM

IgD

‹ Назад

Далі ›

During a surgery, tubocurarin chloride was used as a muscle relaxant. What antagonist should the patient be given to restore spontaneous breathing?

Aethimizole (Methylamide)

Proserin (Neostigmine)

Cytitone (Cytisine)

Benzohexonium (Hexamethonium)

Dithylin (Suxamethonium)

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A patient, who has been taking phenazepam for a month, came to the pharmacy. He insists that he needs to buy two more packages of this drug, because without it he feels unwell. The side-effect of this drug that can be observed in this patient is based on the development of:

Idiosyncrasy

Addiction

Cumulation

Tolerance

After-effect

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Select the halogenated antiseptic that would be preferable for a child to pack in the first aid kit, when going to a summer camp:

Brilliant green

Formaldehyde solution

Methylene blue

Iodine alcoholic solution

Copper sulfate

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A medical student needs to choose an adrenergic drug for treatment of anaphylactic shock. What would you recommend?

Fenoterol

Galazolin (Xylometazoline)

Clophelin (Clonidine)

Izadrin (Isoprenaline)

Adrenaline hydrochloride

‹ Назад

Далі ›

What is the main mechanism of benzylpenicillin bactericidal action on the coccal flora?

Disturbed synthesis of microbial cell wall

Increased phagocytic activity of leukocytes

Activation of macroorganism immune system

Disturbed cytoplasmic membrane permeability

Inhibition of protein synthesis

‹ Назад

Далі ›

What drug can quickly stop an angina pectoris attack, when taken sublingually?

Digoxin

Lisinopril

Corglycon

Nitroglycerine

Amiodarone

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Name the ability of a drug to accumulate within the patient’s body:

Synergism

Allergy

Cumulation

Antagonism

Habituation

‹ Назад

Далі ›

You work in the pharmacy located at the premises of the dermatovenerologic clinic. Consult an intern what antibiotic is a drug of choice for treatment of syphilis:

Polymyxin M sulfate

Benzylpenicillin sodium salt

Levorin sodium salt

Lincomycin hydrochloride

Streptomycin sulfate

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A doctor has prescribed a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug to relieve inflammation and pain syndrome. Name this drug:

Prednisolone

Diclofenac sodium

Calcium chloride

Loratadine

Glibenclamide

‹ Назад

Далі ›

What is the most common side-effect of inhaled corticosteroids?

Increased body mass

Arterial hypertension

Subcapsular cataract

Oropharyngeal candidiasis

Osteoporosis

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Treatment with sodium bromide resulted in development of bromism in the patient: rhinitis, cough, conjunctivitis, and skin rashes. What should the patient be prescribed to treat this condition?

Sodium chloride

Calcium chloride

Sodium iodide

Potassium chloride

Sodium sulfate

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A patient with allergic rhinitis was prescribed loratadine. This drug belongs to the following group of antiallergic agents:

H2-antagonists

H1-antagonists

Glucocorticoids

Membrane stabilizers

Leukotriene receptor antagonists

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A patient suffers from intense cough with production of viscous sputum. What drug can thin the sputum and facilitate expectoration?

Codeine phosphate

Acetylcysteine

Prenoxdiazine

Butamirate

Glaucine

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A patient with myocardial infarction was receiving heparin as a part of the complex therapy. With time the patient developed hematuria. What drug should be given as an antidote in this case?

Fibrinogen

Aminocaproic acid

Neodicumarin

Protamine sulfate

Vicasol (Menadione)

‹ Назад

Далі ›

A patient with tracheitis was prescribed a centrally acting antitussive drug that does not depress respiration, causes no addiction, and lowers blood pressure. Name this drug:

Morphine hydrochloride

Acetylcysteine

Prenoxdiazine

Glaucine hydrochloride

Codeine phosphate

‹ Назад

Далі ›

What drug is used for treatment of organophosphate poisoning?

Metronidazole

Izoniazid

Platyphylline

Aciclovir

Atropine sulfate

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Select the drug with anti-herpesvirus activity that can be used for prevention and treatment of herpetic lesions on skin and mucosa:

Ranitidine

Atropine

Nystatin

Rifampicin

Aciclovir

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Forced diuresis needs to be induced in a patient with acute medication poisoning. What drug must be used for this purpose?

Furosemide

Diphenhydramine

Strophantin

Progesterone

Bisacodil

‹ Назад

Далі ›

Caffeine is one of the alkaloids contained in tea and coffee. Caffeine is contraindicated in case of:

Essential hypertension

Migraine

Hypotension

Depression of nervous activity

Fatigue

‹ Назад

Далі ›

To quickly relieve the state of acute psychosis, the patient was prescribed a rapid/short-acting psychotropic drug. Name this drug:

Caffeine and sodium benzoate

Droperidol

Amitriptyline

Valerian extract

Piracetam

‹ Назад

Далі ›

After ishemic stroke the patient was prescribed a drug to improve his intellectual functioning and memory. What drug should he obtain from the pharmacy?

Piracetam

-

Diphenin (Phenytoin)

Metoclopramide

Tabex (Cytisine)

‹ Назад

Далі ›