Step 1 - Pharmacy 2019

In the pharmaceutical company, without setting up an experiment, the researcher calculated the expected termal effects of the chemical reaction. What properties determine the possibility of such calculation in accordance with the Hess law?

Mechanism by which the chemical change occurs

Initial and final state of system

Route by which the chemical change occurs

Number of intermediate stages

Process duration

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A 50-year-old patient in a poor condition was presented to the hospital. Objectively, the skin and visible mucous membranes are cyanotic, arterial blood saturation - 88%, NiBP- 90/60 mm Hg, pulse is 117 per minute, respiratory rate is 22 per minute. From the history it is known that the patient suffers from chronic heart failure. Which of the following types of hypoxia is most likely to develop in this case?

Circulatory

Anemic

Hypoxic

Hemic

Tissue

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The patient is presented to the hospital with the phenomena of growing respiratory failure. He has clinical signs of bilateral subtotal pneumonia. The clinical diagnosis is confirmed by X-ray examination. What type of respiratory failure does this patient most likely have?

Thoracic diaphragm

Obstructive

Peripheral

Central

Restrictive

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The researcher while conducting the qualitative analysis that involves sulfates precipitation of the third analytical group cations (Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+) has to reduce solubility of sulfates. What substance should he use for this purpose?

Distilled water

Amyl alcohol

Ethyl alcohol

Benzene

Chloroform

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Patients with gout have an increased concentration of acid, the chemical formula of which is presented below, in the blood. Also, increased level of this acid promotes the formation of stones in the kidneys and leads to a number of pathological medical conditions. What substance is the precursor to the described acid?

Pyridine

Pyrazine

Pyrazole

Indole

Purine

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Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension (or interfacial tension) between two liquids, between a gas and a liquid, or between a liquid and a solid. Which of the following substances exhibits the properties of a surfactant at the air-water interface?

Urea

Valeric acid

HCl

-

NaOH

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In the process of systematic analysis there is a need to separate PbSO4 from mixture of the 3rd analytical group cation sulphates. Which of the following suits most towards this end?

Processing precipitate with concentrated sulfate acid

Processing precipitate with ammonia solution

Processing precipitate with 30% ammonium acetate solution

Processing precipitate with acetate acid solution

Precipitate recrystallization

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In the microbiological laboratory during the experiment, the resistance of microorganisms to the influence of various adverse factors in the natural environment was investigated. What is the result of the effect of high temperatures on a microbial cell?

Mutagenic effect

Irreversible degradation of all cellular structures

Transition into anabiosis state

Albuminolysis

Fats saponification

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The student is studying a plant organ with radial symmetry, unlimited growth and positive geotropism. It provides nourishment, vegetative reproduction and plant fastening in the soil. Which of the following is described?

Leaf

Seed

Rhizome

Stem

Root

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Sulfurization of benzene, as well as other aromatic hydrocarbons, is one of the most important reactions in organic chemistry, since its productsare widely used in industry. Which of the following are the possible products of benzene sulfation reaction?

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Specify the substance that results from the following reaction:?

Propanone

Ethanol

Acetic acid

Propanal

Ethanal

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A lot of peptides involved in the regulation of various biological processes are produced in the human body. They have high physiological activity. Which biologically active peptide is one of the main antioxidants and performs coenzyme function?

Oxytocin

Anserine

Bradykinin

Liberin

Glutathione

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A study of the microbiological purity of tablet formulations is conducted on the production site. After cultivating samples on mannitol salt agar, golden-yellow colonies grow up. Microscopic examination of colonies establishes the presence of grampositive bacteria of spherical shape, located in clusters; microorganisms has the ability to coagulate the plasma. The pure culture of which of the following bacteria is discovered?

Enterobacteriaceae

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

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A sample of water used in the manufacture of medicines is delivered to the laboratory for sanitary-virological research. Detection of which of the following group of viruses would indicate fecal contamination of the water and the need for additional cleaning?

Flaviviridae

Retroviridae

Herpesviridae

Picornaviridae

Orthomyxoviridae

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A 49-years-old woman who suffers from diabetes for a long time have weakness, paleness, palpitations, anxiety, double vision, numbness of the lips and the tip of the tongue after insulin administration. The blood glucose level is 2.5 mmol/l. Which of the following complications does this patient develop?

Hyperketonemic coma

Hypoglycemic coma

Uremic coma

Hyperglycemic coma

Hyperosmolar coma

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In order to carry out the silver cations identification, HCl was added to the solution. Later, the formed solution was followed by adding the solution of ammonia. Specify which of the below-mentioned compounds are formed in such case?

[Ag2(NH3)3]Cl

[Ag(NH3)2]Cl

AgCl

[Ag(NH3)3]Cl

AgOH

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Permanganametometry is a titrimetric method for the determination of substances based on oxidation reactions involving permanganate ions. Which of the following are the standard solutions that are used according to this method for the quantitative determination of oxidants by reverse titration method?

Potassium bromate, sodium thiosulfate

Potassium iodate, sodium thiosulfate

Cerium (IV) sulfate, iron (II) sulfate

Potassium dichromate, sodium thiosulfate

Potassium permanganate, iron (II) sulfate

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Etiological factors of infectious diseases can be infectious agents with diverse ultrastructure. Which of the following groups does NOT have cellular structure, protein synthesis, enzymatic and energy systems?

Bacteria

Viruses

Fungi

Rickettsia

Protozoa

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Streptomycinlike other aminoglycosides, by binding to the 30S subunit of ribosomes, prevents the attachment of formylmethionyl-tRNA. What process is being disrupted as a result of this effect?

Replication initiation

Transcription termination

Transcription initiation

Translation initiation

Translation termination

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Each root site performs a certain function due to the special cells that form tissues. Zones allow growing in the earth, sucking substances out of the soil and carrying them to all other plant parts. Which of the following types of conducting beams are inherent in all root zones of singleseeded plants?

Bilateral

Central xylem (Amphicribal)

Radical

Central phloem (Amphivasal)

Collateral

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A poultry farm worker, who consumes 5 or more raw eggs daily, developes lethargy, drowsiness, muscle pain, hair loss, seborrhea. What vitamin deficiency can lead to previously mentioned symptoms?

B1 (thiamine)

H (biotin)

C (ascorbic acid)

B2 (riboflavin)

A (retinol)

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In order to facilitate usage and achievement of necessary therapeutic effect, the drug or medicinal plant material is given a certain dosage form. Indicate the dosage form in the form of a free-disperse system:

Diaphragm

Emulsion

Gel

Membrane

Jelly

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Common nettle, common hops, black elderberry belong to a group of plants, which require a large amount of nitrogen in the soil to ensure their normal growth. What is the name of this group of plants?

Nitrophobes

Nitrophytes

Calciphobes

Calciphiles

Halophytes

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During hemoglobin catabolism iron is released. Then it enters the bone marrow and is again used for the synthesis of hemoglobin.Which of the following proteins helps in iron transport?

Transcobalamin

Ceruloplasmin

Haptoglobin

Transferrin

Albumin

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On X-ray examination of the 59-yearold patient, in the lower lobe of the right lung there was detected a distinct shadow, differential for tumor. It was pre-determined that the tumor is benign. Which of the following features characterizes the tumor as benign?

Expansive growth

Cancer cachexia

Infiltrating growth

Invasion in surrounding tissues

Metastasis

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There are certain patterns of chemical and biological processes occurring with the drug in the body. Reduced absorption of tetracycline when it is co-administered with antacids is an example of:

Pharmacodynamic incompatibility

Functional antagonism

Synergism

Pharmaceutical incompatibility

Pharmacokinetic incompatibility

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An anxiolytic agent, a benzodiazepine derivative, was prescribed to a patient with a neurosis in order to reduce its signs. What medicine belongs to this group of drugs?

Diazepam

Atropine sulphate

Trihexyphenidyl

Nandrolone

Piroxicam

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The patient, who suffers from rheumatoid arthritis and concomitant duodenal ulcer should be prescribed a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. What drug is most suitable in this case?

Metamizole

Paracetamol

Celecoxib

Acetylsalicylic acid

Diclofenac sodium

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A 21-year-old patient during routine examination by an ophthalmologist was diagnosed with a visual impairment gemeralopia (”night blindness”). What drug should she be prescribed to reduce the signs of this condition?

Chloropyramine

Nitroglycerin

Ergocalciferol

Retinol acetate

Cholecalciferol

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In practical classes the group of students have to explore the chemical structure of glucose molecule. Which of the following suits most for simultaneous detection of aldehyde group and glycol fragment in previously mentioned molecule?

AlCl3

Cu(OH)2

Br2

KMnO4

FeCl3

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