Step 1 - Pharmacy 2019

In the pharmaceutical company, without setting up an experiment, the researcher calculated the expected termal effects of the chemical reaction. What properties determine the possibility of such calculation in accordance with the Hess law?

Process duration

Route by which the chemical change occurs

Number of intermediate stages

Mechanism by which the chemical change occurs

Initial and final state of system

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A 50-year-old patient in a poor condition was presented to the hospital. Objectively, the skin and visible mucous membranes are cyanotic, arterial blood saturation - 88%, NiBP- 90/60 mm Hg, pulse is 117 per minute, respiratory rate is 22 per minute. From the history it is known that the patient suffers from chronic heart failure. Which of the following types of hypoxia is most likely to develop in this case?

Anemic

Hypoxic

Hemic

Tissue

Circulatory

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The patient is presented to the hospital with the phenomena of growing respiratory failure. He has clinical signs of bilateral subtotal pneumonia. The clinical diagnosis is confirmed by X-ray examination. What type of respiratory failure does this patient most likely have?

Obstructive

Thoracic diaphragm

Peripheral

Restrictive

Central

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The researcher while conducting the qualitative analysis that involves sulfates precipitation of the third analytical group cations (Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+) has to reduce solubility of sulfates. What substance should he use for this purpose?

Benzene

Amyl alcohol

Distilled water

Ethyl alcohol

Chloroform

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Patients with gout have an increased concentration of acid, the chemical formula of which is presented below, in the blood. Also, increased level of this acid promotes the formation of stones in the kidneys and leads to a number of pathological medical conditions. What substance is the precursor to the described acid?

Pyrazole

Pyridine

Purine

Indole

Pyrazine

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Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension (or interfacial tension) between two liquids, between a gas and a liquid, or between a liquid and a solid. Which of the following substances exhibits the properties of a surfactant at the air-water interface?

Valeric acid

-

NaOH

Urea

HCl

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In the process of systematic analysis there is a need to separate PbSO4 from mixture of the 3rd analytical group cation sulphates. Which of the following suits most towards this end?

Processing precipitate with 30% ammonium acetate solution

Processing precipitate with ammonia solution

Precipitate recrystallization

Processing precipitate with acetate acid solution

Processing precipitate with concentrated sulfate acid

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In the microbiological laboratory during the experiment, the resistance of microorganisms to the influence of various adverse factors in the natural environment was investigated. What is the result of the effect of high temperatures on a microbial cell?

Transition into anabiosis state

Fats saponification

Albuminolysis

Irreversible degradation of all cellular structures

Mutagenic effect

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The student is studying a plant organ with radial symmetry, unlimited growth and positive geotropism. It provides nourishment, vegetative reproduction and plant fastening in the soil. Which of the following is described?

Rhizome

Seed

Leaf

Root

Stem

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Sulfurization of benzene, as well as other aromatic hydrocarbons, is one of the most important reactions in organic chemistry, since its productsare widely used in industry. Which of the following are the possible products of benzene sulfation reaction?

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Specify the substance that results from the following reaction:?

Ethanol

Acetic acid

Ethanal

Propanone

Propanal

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A lot of peptides involved in the regulation of various biological processes are produced in the human body. They have high physiological activity. Which biologically active peptide is one of the main antioxidants and performs coenzyme function?

Liberin

Bradykinin

Anserine

Glutathione

Oxytocin

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A study of the microbiological purity of tablet formulations is conducted on the production site. After cultivating samples on mannitol salt agar, golden-yellow colonies grow up. Microscopic examination of colonies establishes the presence of grampositive bacteria of spherical shape, located in clusters; microorganisms has the ability to coagulate the plasma. The pure culture of which of the following bacteria is discovered?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Staphylococcus aureus

Enterobacteriaceae

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

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A sample of water used in the manufacture of medicines is delivered to the laboratory for sanitary-virological research. Detection of which of the following group of viruses would indicate fecal contamination of the water and the need for additional cleaning?

Retroviridae

Picornaviridae

Herpesviridae

Orthomyxoviridae

Flaviviridae

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A 49-years-old woman who suffers from diabetes for a long time have weakness, paleness, palpitations, anxiety, double vision, numbness of the lips and the tip of the tongue after insulin administration. The blood glucose level is 2.5 mmol/l. Which of the following complications does this patient develop?

Hyperosmolar coma

Hypoglycemic coma

Hyperketonemic coma

Hyperglycemic coma

Uremic coma

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In order to carry out the silver cations identification, HCl was added to the solution. Later, the formed solution was followed by adding the solution of ammonia. Specify which of the below-mentioned compounds are formed in such case?

AgOH

[Ag2(NH3)3]Cl

[Ag(NH3)2]Cl

AgCl

[Ag(NH3)3]Cl

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Permanganametometry is a titrimetric method for the determination of substances based on oxidation reactions involving permanganate ions. Which of the following are the standard solutions that are used according to this method for the quantitative determination of oxidants by reverse titration method?

Potassium dichromate, sodium thiosulfate

Potassium permanganate, iron (II) sulfate

Potassium bromate, sodium thiosulfate

Potassium iodate, sodium thiosulfate

Cerium (IV) sulfate, iron (II) sulfate

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Etiological factors of infectious diseases can be infectious agents with diverse ultrastructure. Which of the following groups does NOT have cellular structure, protein synthesis, enzymatic and energy systems?

Rickettsia

Viruses

Fungi

Protozoa

Bacteria

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Streptomycinlike other aminoglycosides, by binding to the 30S subunit of ribosomes, prevents the attachment of formylmethionyl-tRNA. What process is being disrupted as a result of this effect?

Transcription termination

Replication initiation

Transcription initiation

Translation termination

Translation initiation

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Each root site performs a certain function due to the special cells that form tissues. Zones allow growing in the earth, sucking substances out of the soil and carrying them to all other plant parts. Which of the following types of conducting beams are inherent in all root zones of singleseeded plants?

Bilateral

Central xylem (Amphicribal)

Collateral

Central phloem (Amphivasal)

Radical

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A poultry farm worker, who consumes 5 or more raw eggs daily, developes lethargy, drowsiness, muscle pain, hair loss, seborrhea. What vitamin deficiency can lead to previously mentioned symptoms?

B2 (riboflavin)

A (retinol)

C (ascorbic acid)

H (biotin)

B1 (thiamine)

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In order to facilitate usage and achievement of necessary therapeutic effect, the drug or medicinal plant material is given a certain dosage form. Indicate the dosage form in the form of a free-disperse system:

Emulsion

Diaphragm

Membrane

Gel

Jelly

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Common nettle, common hops, black elderberry belong to a group of plants, which require a large amount of nitrogen in the soil to ensure their normal growth. What is the name of this group of plants?

Halophytes

Nitrophobes

Calciphobes

Calciphiles

Nitrophytes

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During hemoglobin catabolism iron is released. Then it enters the bone marrow and is again used for the synthesis of hemoglobin.Which of the following proteins helps in iron transport?

Albumin

Ceruloplasmin

Transferrin

Haptoglobin

Transcobalamin

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On X-ray examination of the 59-yearold patient, in the lower lobe of the right lung there was detected a distinct shadow, differential for tumor. It was pre-determined that the tumor is benign. Which of the following features characterizes the tumor as benign?

Invasion in surrounding tissues

Cancer cachexia

Metastasis

Expansive growth

Infiltrating growth

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There are certain patterns of chemical and biological processes occurring with the drug in the body. Reduced absorption of tetracycline when it is co-administered with antacids is an example of:

Pharmaceutical incompatibility

Functional antagonism

Pharmacokinetic incompatibility

Synergism

Pharmacodynamic incompatibility

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An anxiolytic agent, a benzodiazepine derivative, was prescribed to a patient with a neurosis in order to reduce its signs. What medicine belongs to this group of drugs?

Nandrolone

Piroxicam

Diazepam

Trihexyphenidyl

Atropine sulphate

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The patient, who suffers from rheumatoid arthritis and concomitant duodenal ulcer should be prescribed a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. What drug is most suitable in this case?

Acetylsalicylic acid

Metamizole

Celecoxib

Paracetamol

Diclofenac sodium

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A 21-year-old patient during routine examination by an ophthalmologist was diagnosed with a visual impairment gemeralopia (”night blindness”). What drug should she be prescribed to reduce the signs of this condition?

Retinol acetate

Cholecalciferol

Nitroglycerin

Ergocalciferol

Chloropyramine

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In practical classes the group of students have to explore the chemical structure of glucose molecule. Which of the following suits most for simultaneous detection of aldehyde group and glycol fragment in previously mentioned molecule?

Cu(OH)2

Br2

AlCl3

FeCl3

KMnO4

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