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What titrimetric method of analysis requires the use of both external and internal indicators?
Argentometry
Alkalimetry
Nitritometry
Permanganatometry
Complexometric titration
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By means of photoelectrocolorimetric analysis the concentration of the following can be determined:
Turbid solution
Colored solution
Any type of solution
Optically active substance
Colorless solution
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A patient suffers from Down’s disease that manifests as mental retardation, shortness of stature, pathologically short fingers and toes, and eyes with mongoloid slant. Karyotype analysis revealed trisomy 21. What group of diseases does this pathology belong to?
Fetopathy
Blastopathy
Chromosomal disorders
Molecular genetic disease
Gametopathy
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Knowing the temperature of phase transformation under a certain pressure is extremely important in the process of drugs manufacturing. This temperature can be calculated using the:
Mendeleev-Clapeyron equation
Trouton’s rule
Konovalov’s laws
Clausius-Clapeyron equation
Gibbs’ phase rule
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At the triple point on the water phase diagram, water is:
A quadrivariant system
An invariant system
A monovariant system
A bivariant system
A trivariant system
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Bioavailability of a powder depends on the degree of comminution of the substance. The following value must be measured:
Dispersion
Solution density
Particle mass
Concentration
Particle volume
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A patient with gout was prescribed allopurinol - a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Xanthine oxidase is a terminal enzyme of catabolism of:
Purine nucleotides
Higher fatty acids
Heteropolysaccharides
Phospholipids
Glycoproteins
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Many drugs must be manufactured under strictly aseptic conditions. One such possible source of microbiological contamination of drugs is laboratory glassware. What method should be used to sterilize the glassware?
Boiling
Ignition
Pasteurization
Tyndallization
Dry heat
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To determine qualitative content of a drug, the drug sample was processed with 2M solution of HCl. White precipitate soluble in aqueous ammonia solution was formed. This analytical effect indicates the presence of the following cations:
Tin(II)
Mercury(I)
Lead(II)
Silver(I)
Mercury(II)
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Name the process of spontaneous adhesion of drops in an emulsion to each other:
Flotation
Coagulation
Flocculation
Coalescence
Sedimentation
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Inheritable genetic disorders can result in disturbed enzyme synthesis in the human body. What enzyme deficiency results in disturbed break-up of lactose:
Lipase
Invertase
Lactase
Maltase
Peptidase
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To treat the patients with purulent wounds, a dressing with a certain immobilized enzyme is used. Name this enzyme:
Arginase
Alkaline phosphatase
Tripsin
Acid phosphatase
Catalase
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Cerebrospinal fluid of a patient diagnosed with meningitis was taken for analysis. To detect the causative agent the sample was inoculated in a nutrient medium. Prior to that a serum had been added to the medium. What causative agent is expected to be obtained in this case?
Meningococcus
Viruses
Rickettsia
Mycobacteria
Staphylococcus
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Hormones regulate numerous metabolic processes. What hormone activates glycogen synthesis?
Thyroxine
Adrenaline
Insulin
Oxytocin
Vasopressin
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A structural analog of vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) is used as an antituberculous medicine. Name this medicine:
Tetracycline
Aspirin
Riboflavin
Isoniazid
Streptocide
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A food plant of Polygonaceae family is being studied. The plant has reddish stalk, cordate-sagittate leaves, its fruit is a trihedral nutlet. Name this plant:
Rumex confertus
Fagopyrum esculentum
Persicaria bistorta
Persicaria hydropiper
Polygonum aviculare
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Microscopy of subterranean organs of an Аsteraceae family plant shows articulated laticifers with anastomoses filled with white latex. It is characterisic of the following plant:
Achillea millefolium
Helianthus annuus
Bidens tripartitа
Artemisia absinthium
Taraxacum officinale
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The defensive mechanisms against some infectious diseases can be greatly reinforced with interferon. Interferon preparations will be the most advisable in cases of the following type of infections:
Viral
Protozoal
Helminthic
Microbioses
Fungal
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A chemotherapeutic agent has bactericidal effect against streptococci, staphylococci, bacilli, and clostridia. According to its action spectrum this drug belongs to the following group:
Broad spectrum antibacterial agents
Narrow spectrum antibacterial agents
Antiviral agents
Broad spectrum antifungal agents
Antituberculous agents
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It is known that in plants the synthesis of secondary reserve starch occurs in:
Amyloplasts
Chromoplasts
Proteinoplasts
Chloroplasts
Elaioplasts
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A patient has developed anuria. Blood pressure is 50/20 mm Hg. What process of uropoiesis was disturbed resulting in acute decrease of urine output?
Tubular secretion
Glomerular filtration
-
Facultative reabsorption
Obligate reabsorption
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A 12-year-old boy is of short stature, but his mental development corresponds with that of his age group. What hormone deficiency is the most likely to cause this pathology?
Somatotropin
Adrenaline
Insulin
Oxytocin
Vasopressin
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A 10-year-old child has height of 178 cm and body mass of 67 kg. These presentations are caused by the functional disturbance of the:
Gonads
Parathyroid glands
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Adrenal glands
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A certain infection leads to fetus malformation if a pregnant woman is affected. What vaccine should be used for prevention of this infection?
Antirabic vaccine
Mumps vaccine
Influenza virus vaccine
Rubella virus vaccine
Poliovirus vaccine
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Quantitative content of hydrogen peroxide can be determined by means of the following self-indicator method:
Nitritometry
Iodometry
Argentometry
Bromatometry
Permanganatometry
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Coumarins, vitamin K antagonists, suppress the processes of blood coagulation. What protein synthesis is blocked by coumarins?
Prothrombin
Transferrin
Gamma globulin
Albumin
Ceruloplasmin
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HIV-infection occupational risk groups include people of various professions, healthcare workers included. Specify the mosl likely route of infection transmission for healthcare workers:
Parenteral transmission
Fecal-oral transmission
Droplet transmission
Vector-borne transmission
Transmission via airborne dust particles
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Microbial survival within environment is facilitated by spore formation. What microorganisms of those listed below are spore formers:
Peptococci
Clostridia
Staphylococci
Peptostreptococci
Bacteroides
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Synthesis of a medicinal substance occurs in an isolated system. What is a direction criterion of spontaneous processes?
Gibbs energy
Entropy change
Intrinsic energy
Helmholtz energy
Enthalpy
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An enzyme transports structure fragments from one substrate into another.
Name this class of enzymes:
Isomerases
Oxidoreductases
Transferases
Hydrolases
Ligases
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A patient with high risk of hemorrhages is recommended to take vicasol (menadione) by his physician. This drug is the structural analog of:
Vitamin B5
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B6
Vitamin K
Vitamin A
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Enzymes are widely used as drugs in pharmacy. What is the main feature that separates enzymes from non-biological catalysts?
High specificity and selectivity
High homogeneity
Low universality
High dispersion
High universality
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Any damage to the patient’s vessels results in persistent hemorrhage. Blood clotting factor VIII is deficient in the patient’s blood. What disease does this patient suffer from?
Hemophilia
Radiation sickness
Anemia
Thrombocytopenic purpura
Acute vascular purpura
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Name the structural unit of a colloidal solution of a medicinal substance:
Atom
Molecule
Zwitterion
Ion
Micelle
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Protein structure includes proteinogenic amino acids. What is the position of the amino group in the structure of these amino acids?
β-position
α-position
γ-position
ε-position
δ-position
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To induce diabetes mellitus in a rabbit, β-cells of pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) were selectively damaged with alloxan. What method of diabetes induction was used in this experiment?
Isolated organs
Introduction of enzymes, hormones
Stimulation
Shutdown
Irritation
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A sample section of an axial body shows a complex consisting of phellogen and its derivatives - cork and phelloderm. Name this tissue:
Periderm
Epidermis
Sclerenchyma
Epiblema
Colenchyma
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The Mohr method is used to determine mass concentration of sodium chloride in an isotonic solution. Titration is carried out with the following indicator:
Fluorescein
Diphenylcarbazone
Ferroin
Potassium chromate
Ammonium iron(III) sulfate
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A patient presents with persistent tachycardia, exophthalmos, high excitability, increased basal metabolic rate. What disorder can lead to the development of this syndrome?
Hypoparathyroidism
Adrenal hypofunction
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
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Racemose clusters of calcium carbonate crystals are detected among the waste products of a protoplast. These crystals are:
Styloid crystals
Crystal druses
Raphides
Isolated crystals
Cystoliths
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After the pus sample taken from the urethra had been inoculated on ascitic agar, it resulted in growth of round transparent colonies. Microscopy of the colonies shows gram-negative kidney bean-shaped diplococci. What causative agent is it?
Pneumococcus
Micrococcus
Meningococcus
Streptococcus
Gonococcus
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Laboratories of various specialization use the following method to determine general water hardness of potable water:
Precipitation
Acidimetry
Complexometric titration
Alkalimetry
Oxidimetry
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Name the reaction producing a goldenyellow precipitate (”golden rain” reaction):
Precipitation of PbI2
Precipitation of Hg2I2
Precipitation of HgI2
Precipitation of PbCl2
Precipitation of AgI
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Name the reactions and reagents that under certain conditions allow determination of certain ions in the presence of other ions:
Selective
Group
General
Specific
Characteristic
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In Friedel-Crafts alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons the following substance is used as the catalyst:
Alcoholic NaOH solution
PCl5
Pt
Anhydrous AlCl3
Cr2O3
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What compound of those listed below is a condensed arene?
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How does increasing temperature affects physical adsorption of substances?
Transforms into chemical adsorption
Increases in homogeneous systems
Decreases in heterogeneous systems
Increases
Decreases
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Gelatin expands the most in the following solvent:
Ethanol
Benzene
Water
Acetic acid solution
Diethyl ether
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Azo dyes are produced as the result of:
Amination
Azo coupling
Diazotization
Nitrosation
Nitration
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What reaction results in production of phthalic anhydride?
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What drug is produced as the result of reaction between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride?
Benzyl salicylate
Phenyl salicylate
Sodium salicylate
Aspirin
Salicylamide
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Glucose oxidation with a potent oxidizing agent (concentrated HNO3) results in production of:
D-glucaric acid
D-galactaric (mucic) acid
D-arabinaric acid
D-gluconic acid
D-glucuronic acid
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A patient, who lives in the area with specific geochemical conditions, was diagnosed with endemic goiter. What microelement deficiency results in development of this pathology?
I
Br
Na
F
Cl
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An oncological patient was prescribed fluorouracil that is a competitive inhibitor of thymidine synthase. It inhibits the process of:
Purine nucleotides synthesis
Lipids synthesis
Purine nucleotides disintegration
Pyrimidine nucleotides synthesis
Carbohydrate disintegration
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During assessment of air purity in an aseptic unit of a phamacy, sedimentation analysis had been applied. Test resulted in growth of the small colonies with areas of hemolysis. What medium was used for inoculation?
Levine’s formulation (Eosin Methylene Blue agar)
Ploskirev’s agar
Egg-yolk salt agar
Blood agar
Endo agar
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According to van’t Hoff rule, when the temperature is raised by 10 degrees, the reaction rate increases by:
2-4 times
1.5 times
10 times
Temperature does not affect reaction rate
5 times
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What standard solution can be used to standardize the solution of I2?
Sodium nitrite solution
Potassium iodide solution
Sodium thiosulfate solution
Potassium dichromate solution
Potassium permanganate solution
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Catalysts are widely used in production of drugs. How can reaction acceleration in the presence of a catalyst be explained?
Activation energy increases
Molecule speed increases
Total collision frequency increases
Collision frequency decreases
Activation energy decreases
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On examination the patient’s sclera and oral mucosa are icteric. What biochemical blood value can be expected to be increased?
Bilirubin
Amylase
Albumin
Cholesterol
Glucose
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Microorganisms in the environment are being affected by various physical factors. What is the effect of high temperature on a microbial cell?
Transition into anabiosis state
Albuminolysis
Mutagenic effect
Fats saponification
Irreversible degradation of all cellular structures
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Extreme therapeutic effect of activated carbon is due to its high specific surface area. Name the phenomenon when gases are absorbed only by the surface of a solid body:
Cohesion
Adhesion
Desorption
Recuperation
Adsorption
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Pastes are used in medicine to treat skin diseases. What type of disperse systems are they?
Suspensions
Emulsions
Foams
Powders
Aerosols
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In photometric analysis the series of 6-8 standard solutions is used:
To assess determination method
To choose cuvettes
To build a calibration curve
To simplify working method
To choose optical filter
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Ammonium iron(III) sulfate can be used as an indicator in:
Complexometric titration
Acidimetry
Alkalimetry
Argentometry, Mohr method
Argentometry, Volhard method
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Quantitative determination of iodine is done by means of:
Complexometric titration
Alkalimetry
Precipitation titration
Acidimetry
Redox titration
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Separation of substances in chromatography is based on the ability of solutes:
To precipitate
To distribute between two stationary phases
To dissolve
To distribute between two mobile phases
To distribute between the mobile and stationary phases
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Quantitative content of oxalic acid can be determined by means of permanganatometry. How to determine equivalence point for this kind of titration?
With redox indicator diphenylamine
With adsorption indicator
With specific indicator
When titrate changes its color after another drop of process solution is added
With pH indicator
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Surfactants and high-molecular compounds are added into concentrated emulsions to stabilize them. These substances are:
Solvents
Emulsifiers
Absorbents
Activators
Catalysts
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Reaction of benzene sulfonation produces:
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Choose the reaction of ester production among those listed below: A.
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A 25-year-old man has an appointment with the dentist. Several minutes after his oral cavity was lavaged with furacilin (nitrofurazone) the patient developed significant labial edema. What type of allergic reaction is observed in this case?
Immune complex
Anaphylactic
Cytolytic
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Stimulated
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A patient with gastric carcinoma has undergone several courses of radiation therapy. What system is the first to become functionally disturbed after the body was exposed to ionizing radiation?
Urinary
Blood
Respiratory
Digestive
Nervous
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A patient with acute myocardial infarction received anticoagulation therapy. What compound will have anticoagulation effect?
Keratan sulfate
Heparin
Chondroitin sulfate
Hyaluronic acid
Dermatan sulfate
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Specify what method of redox titration requires the use of specific indicator - starch - to fix the end point:
Cerimetry
Bromatometry
Permanganatometry
Iodometry
Nitritometry
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Causative agents of infectious diseases can be carried both by humans and animals. Name the group of infections that affect animals and can be passed onto humans:
Anthroponoses
Zoonoses
Zooanthroponoses
Mixed
Sapronoses
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During regular check-up a patient presents with enlarged thyroid gland, exophthalmos, increased body temperature, heart rate up to 110/min. What hormone should be measured in the patient’s blood in this case?
Insulin
Testosterone
Thyroxin
Glucagon
Cortisol
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A fruit tree of Rosaceae family has short thorny shoots; the fruit is a distinctivelyshaped pome with stone cells in its pulp. Name this plant:
Prunus spinosa
Malus sylvestris
Cerasus vulgaris
Prunus armeniaca
Pyrus communis
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Pharmacopoeia reaction to determine benzoate ions requires interaction with the solution of:
Acetic anhydride
Potassium chloride
Iron(III) chloride
Resorcin
Diphenylamine
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What solution can be used to detrmine the presence of chloride ions in the potable water?
Iodine
Sodium hydroxide
Silver nitrate
Ammonia
Potassium bromate
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Insulin production in β-cells involves many substances. What substance gives the main signal for insulin synthesis when its concentration changes?
Urea
Hemoglobin
Carbon dioxide
Heparin
Glucose
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Specify the substance that results from the following reaction: ?
Ethanal
Propanone
Acetic acid
Propanal
Ethanol
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An ophthalmologist has detected increased time of dark adaptation in a patient. What vitamin deficiency can result in such symptom?
C
B6
K
A
B1
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Morphologically the herbaceous plant being studied can be identified as Convallaria majalis. To confirm this conclusion additionally, a leaf of this plant was examined under the microscope and a search for the following crystalline inclusions was conducted:
Single crystals
Druse crystals
Crystal sand
Raphides
Styloid crystals
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What type of conducting bundle is characteristic of primary anatomical structure of a root?
Radial
Closed collateral
Bicollateral
Concentric
Open collateral
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Calendula officinalis as a representative of Asteraceae family can be characterized by the following type of inflorescence:
Umbel
Anthodium
Corymb
Catkin
Capitulum
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In the age of 5 months the child had measles antibodies in the blood. By the age of 1 year these antibodies disappeared from the child’s blood. Why were these antibodies present in the child’s blood?
Acquired natural passive immunity
Artificial immunity
Non-specific resistance
Acquired natural active immunity
Innate immunity
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A Gram stained smear shows large oval violet cells that form pseudomycelium. Name these microorganisms:
Mucor fungi
Plasmodium vivax
Candida fungi
Actinomycetales
Penicillium fungi
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Herbarium specimens of medicinal plants are being studied. Which one of them belongs to Rosaceae family?
Capsella bursa-pastoris
Conium maculatum
Melilotus officinalis
Crataegus sanguinea
Polygonum persicaria
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When working in the garden, a man accidentally cut his hand. The wound remained untreated. Shortly after that the wounded area developed inflammation with accumulation of exudate that contained numerous viable and degenerate neutrophils. What type of exudate is it?
Fibrinous
Catarrhal
Purulent
Serous
Hemorrhagic
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A patient presents with persistent fever, with the difference between evening and morning temperature not exceeding 1oC. What type of fever curve is present in this patient?
Recurrent
Continuous
Intermittent
Remittent
Hectic
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Natural peptides can carry out various functions. What bioactive peptide is a major antioxidant and functions as a coenzyme?
Liberin
Glutathione
Oxytocin
Anserine
Bradykinin
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Gout develops when purine nucleotide metabolism is disturbed. The doctor prescribed the patient allopurinol that is a competitive inhibitor of:
Lactate dehydrogenase
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Xanthine oxidase
Hexokinase
Succinate dehydrogenase
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Name the serums made from blood donated by volunteers or reconvalescent donors:
Autoimmune
Homologous
Attenuated
Corpuscular
Heterologous
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During skill building session in the field of microbiology, a student performed inoculation of microorganisms into the solid nutrient medium to obtain isolated colonies. How should inoculation loops be sterilized after that?
Soaking in 1% chloramine-B solution
Heating in the burner flame
Dry heat sterilization under 160oC for 120-150 minutes
Formaldehyde vapor sterilization
Boiling under 60oC five times
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A dry-heat box is used for sterilization of various materials and instruments in a bacteriological laboratory. This sterilization method can be applied to the following objects:
Physiological saline
Wire inoculating loops
Rubber gloves
Simple nutrient medium
Glass test tubes
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A specialist of the analytical laboratory performs direct iodometric determination of ascorbic acid. What indicator is used in this case?
Methyl red
Starch
Phenolphthalein
Diphenylamine
Methyl orange
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A certain herbaceous plant grows on the meadows of the Carpathian Mountains. It has orange anthodium inflorescences, upright stem, and a rosette of basal leaves. Name this plant:
Echinacea purpurea
Calendula officinalis
Cychorium intybus
Centaurea cyanus
Arnica montana
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What indicator is used for fixing the endpoint of mercurimetric titration?
Murexide
Potassium chromate
Eosin
Thiocyanate complexes of iron(III)
Fluorescein
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Ultraviolet irradiation is used in medicine in various physiotherapeutic procedures. What mechanism of medicinal action is characteristic of ultraviolet rays?
Activation of drug action
Decrease of melanin synthesis in the skin
Intensification of cell division
Activation of lipid peroxidation
Activation of vitamin D synthesis
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Human body assimilates fats only as emulsions. Vegetable oils and animal fats contained in food are emulsified when exposed to bile (an emulsifier). How does interface tension change in this case?
First increases, than decreases
Remains unchanged
Increases
First decreases, than increases
Decreases
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A patient has a gallstone lodged in the common bile duct, which blocks bile supply to the intestine. What digestive process will be disturbed in this case?
Protein digestion
Fat digestion
Protein absorption
Carbohydrate absorption
Carbohydrate digestion
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You are studying a silvery downy plant of Asteraceae family, which is rich in essential oils and bitters. Harvested are the apical sprouts with a panicle of small round flower heads. This plant is:
Bidens tripartita
Artemisia absinthium
Arctium lappa
Calendula officinalis
Chamomilla recutita
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A 46-year-old patient presents with hyperactivity of creatine kinase in his blood serum. What pathology can be suspected?
Renal failure
Myocardial infarction
Chronic hepatitis
Acute pancreatitis
Hemolytic anemia
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Among dosage forms there are numerous disperse systems. Select a free disperse system from the list:
Membrane
Jelly
Diaphragm
Emulsion
Gel
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How according to the Pharmacopoeia is pH determined?
Conductometry
Polarography
Potentiometry
Spectrophotometry
Indicator
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A patient is pale, has goose bumps and chills. What stage of fever is it characteristic of?
Temperature increase
Temperature decrease
Continuous fever
Compensation
Latent stage
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Ascarids were detected in a sick child. What changes in leukogram will be the most characteristic of helminthiasis?
Basophilia
Eosinophilia
Neutrophilia
Lymphocytosis
Monocytosis
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A man received a radiation dose of 30 Gy. He presents with necrotic angina and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Blood tests revealed anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. What stage of acute radiation sickness is observed in the patient?
Prodromal stage
Latent stage
Manifest illness stage
Recovery
-
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Neuroleptanalgesia has been applied in a case of cardiac infarction. What neuroleptic is most often administered along with fentanyl?
Clozapine
Levomepromazine
Sulpiride
Perphenazine (Aethaperazinum)
Droperidol
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Select the halogenated antiseptic that would be preferable for a child to pack in the first aid kit, when going to a summer camp:
Formaldehyde solution
Brilliant green
Iodine alcoholic solution
Methylene blue
Copper sulfate
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A patient, who was prescribed famotidine to treat peptic ulcer disease, came to the pharmacy. What is this drug’s mechanism of action?
H2-histamine receptor blockade
Muscarinic receptor blockade
Inhibition of hydrogen potassium ATPase
H1-histamine receptor blockade
Ganglionic receptor blockade
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What is represented by such a pharmacokinetic value of a drug as its biological half-life (T1/2)?
Blood plasma volume cleared of drug within a time unit
Time period in which plasma drug concentration decreases by 50%
Period of total body clearance
Correlation between the drug clearance rate and plasma drug concentration
Renal clearance rate
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A doctor needs to prescribe the patient a drug for replacement therapy after thyreoidectomy. What drug would you recommend?
Thiamazole
L-thyroxine
Prednisolone
Parathyroidin
Insulin
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What is the main mechanism of benzylpenicillin bactericidal action on the coccal flora?
Disturbed synthesis of microbial cell wall
Activation of macroorganism immune system
Disturbed cytoplasmic membrane permeability
Inhibition of protein synthesis
Increased phagocytic activity of leukocytes
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What mucolytic agent would you recommend for the patient with acute bronchitis to facilitate expectoration?
Libexin (Prenoxdiazine)
Glaucine
Acetylcysteine
Hydrocodone
Codeine
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A patient with allergic dermatitis came to the hospital. What anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic drug must be prescribed in this case?
Insulin
Oxytocin
Ethamide
Prednisolone
Retabolil (Nandrolone)
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A patient with bronchial asthma was prescribed a drug with the mechanism of action that is primarily based on the stimulation of β2 adrenergic receptors. Name this drug:
Salbutamol
Adrenaline hydrochloride
Droperidol
Clonidine
Isadrine (Isoprenaline)
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Name the ability of a drug to accumulate within the patient’s body:
Cumulation
Allergy
Habituation
Antagonism
Synergism
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What pharmacological effect of acetylsalicylic acid allows its application in patients with ischemic heart disease for prevention of thromboses?
Antiaggregant
Analgesic
Ulcerogenic
Antipyretic
Anti-inflammatory
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A 48-year-old patient has been intravenously administered prednisolone solution to arrest severe attack of bronchial asthma. What group of hormonal agents does prednisolone belong to?
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoid
Gestagenic drugs
Estrogenic drugs
Anabolic steroids
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A doctor has prescribed a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug to relieve inflammation and pain syndrome. Name this drug:
Prednisolone
Calcium chloride
Loratadine
Glibenclamide
Diclofenac sodium
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A patient suffers from hyperchromic B12-deficiency anemia. What vitamin preparation should be prescribed in this case?
Vicasol (Menadione)
Retinol acetate
Riboflavin
Cyanocobalamin
Thiamine chloride
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To stimulate birth activity, a certain neurohypophyseal hormone is used. Name this hormone:
Oxytocin
Glucagon
Insulin
Testosterone
Thyroxine
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Sanitary microbiological investigation of potable water has detected coliphages.
What conclusion can be made about the sanitary-hygienic status of this water?
The water is safe to drink
The water is for industrial use only
Fecal contamination
Artesian water
The water is safe to drink after boiling
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After a traffic accident the driver presents with increased blood glucose. What mechanism leads to hyperglycemia in this case?
Decreased production of glucagon
Decreased tone of parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathoadrenal system activation
Increased production of somatotropic hormone
Decreased production of insulin
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Quantitative determination of iodides by Fajans method is performed with adsorption indicators. The following can be used as an adsorption indicator:
Murexide
Eosin
Methyl orange
Phenolphthalein
Diphenylamine
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Pharmacopoeia reaction of potassium ferrocyanide with zinc cations produces:
Black precipitate
Yellow precipitate
Red precipitate
Violet precipitate
White precipitate
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Rapid analysis of benzoate ions by means of Pharmacopoeia reaction with iron(III) chloride produces:
Green precipitate
Blue precipitate
Red precipitate
Black precipitate
Pink-yellow precipitate
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The following is used to determine the titrant volume in the process of titrimetric analysis:
Cylinders
Measuring flasks
Burettes
Measuring tubes
Measuring glasses
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A dissected flower has numerous stamens that are united by the stamen filaments into several bundles. What is this type of androecium?
Tetradynamous
Didynamous
Diadelphous
Monadelphous
Polyadelphous
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Upon examination of a flower it is determined to have one pistil made up of single free carpel. Therefore, this gynoecium can be identified as:
Apocarpous
Monocarpous
Paracarpous
Lysicarpous
Syncarpous
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Examination of a 45-year-old man, who for a long time kept to a vegetarian plantbased diet, revealed him to have negative nitrogen balance. What peculiarity of his diet has caused such developments?
Insufficient fat content
Excessive carbohydrate content
Insufficient vitamin content
Insufficient protein content
Excessive water content
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After severe emotional strain a 53year-old man suddenly developed acute pain in the heart area, which irradiates to the left hand, to the neck, and under the left scapula. He noted numbness of his left hand. His face is pale and covered in cold sweat. Nitroglycerine administration stopped the pain attack after 10 minutes had passed. What is the most likely disease in this case?
Myocardial infarction
Angina pectoris
Pulmonary embolism
Stroke
Somatoform autonomic dysfunction
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According to the Pharmacopoeia, molecular weight of a high-molecular substance should be determined by means of:
Potentiometry
Osmometry
Nephelometry
Viscometry
Cryometry
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In the process of coagulation by mixtures of different electrolytes, they seem to counteract each other’s effect. Name this phenomenon:
Mutual coagulation
Synergism
Additivity
Sedimentation
Antagonism
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One of the important diagnostic features of garden sage and motherwort is their shape of corolla. Their flowers have the following type of corolla:
Thimble-shaped
Funnelform
Ligulate
Bilabiate
Pseudoligulate
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Investigation of bacterial contamination of indoor air in a pharmacy takes into account the total number of microorganisms present in a certain air volume, as well as qualitative content of indoor air microflora. Name the sanitary-indicative microorganisms for indoor air:
Staphylococcus and streptococcus
Colibacillus
Sarcina
Chromobacterium
Fungi and yeasts
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During ultrasound investigation a patient was diagnosed with bilateralrenal artery stenosis of atherosclerotic genesis. Specify the bioactive substance that due to its excessive secretion is the key component of arterial hypertension pathogenesis in the given case:
Noradrenaline
Renin
Thyroxin
Cortisol
Vasopressin
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Preliminary disinfection of air and working surfaces of the equipment was conducted in the operating room of the surgical inpatient unit. What method of sterilization would be the most advisable in this case?
Ultraviolet irradiation
Flowing steam
Irradiation sterilization
Formaldehyde vapor
High-frequency current
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A patient was prescribed losartan for treatment of arterial hypertension. What mechanism of action does this drug have?
Inhibition of phosphodiesterase
Activation of central α-adrenoceptors
Angiotensin-receptor blockade
Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme
Calcium channel blockade
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Select the hepatoprotective drugs from the list below:
Essentiale (Phospholipides), Thiotriasoline
No-Spa (drotaverine), papaverine hydrochloride
Allochol, Cholenzym
Oxaphenamide (Osalmid), Nicodin
Festal, Panzinorm (Pancreatin)
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Hydrochloric acid was added into the solution under investigation. The resulting precipitate was filtered, then this filter cake was processed with hot water; after the filtrate cooled, KI solution was added into it. What cation was present in the solution, if the precipitate was colored yellow?
Ag+
Hg2+
Ba2+
Ca2+
Pb2+
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At the end of his shift a worker of the steel foundry felt dizziness, his body temperature increased to 38.5oC. What condition does he present with?
Hypertension
Hypothermia
Decompression
Hyperthermia
Fever
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The third analitycal group of cations (acid-base classification) includes Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+. What acid can function as a precipitator agent (group reagent) for these cations?
HCI
HCIO4
CH3COOH
HNO3
H2SO4
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Students should identify the following to determine the sex of a flower:
Symmetry
Color and type of indumentum
Pedicle and receptacle
Flower cup and corolla
Stamens and pistils
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In spring a perennial plant of Asteraceae family produces floral shoots with gloden-yellow flowers. After blossomfall, shoots with large leaves appear. Name this plant:
Datura stramonium
Tussilago farfara
Нiреriсum perforatum
Petroselinum crispum
Potentilla erecta
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Ultramicroscopy is used to determine the radius of dispersed phase particles. The following should be measured to make the necessary calculations:
Time interval in which a tagged particle travels a certain distance
Intensity of scattered light
Intensity of transmitted light
Distance traveled by a tagged particle
Number of particles in a definite volume
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Permanganatometry is used in determination of many organic and inorganic compounds. What are the main advantages of permanganatometry over the other oxidimetric methods?
Sufficiently high redox potential; it is possible to determine titration end-point without indicator
Various types of indicators can be used; in some cases catalysts are necessary to accelerate the reaction
High selectivity and sensitivity when determining compounds
Sufficiently high stability of potassium permanganate and its solutions
Pure potassium permanganate is easily available and obtainable
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Many organic compounds break up in the cell into simple products. What compounds break up into ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water in the human body?
Monohydric alcohols
Amino acids
Keto acids
Monosaccharides
Fatty acids
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A fruit is a capsule with oblate light brown smooth glossy seeds that mucify when moistened. This fruit belongs to:
Digitalis purpurea
Ledum palustre
Linaria vulgaris
Linum usitatissimum
Hypericum perforatum
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What substance forms colloid solution when dissolved in water?
Silver nitrate
Sucrose
Collargol
Potassium gluconate
Sodium sulfate
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Paracetamol has antipyretic and analgesic effect. In the human body it is neutralized in the following organ:
Heart
Intestine
Liver
Spleen
Lungs
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Rhizome of an Asteraceae family species is polycephalous, succulent, has lysigenous cavities, accumulates inulin. Such underground organ is characterisic of:
Digitalis grandiflora
Sorbus aucuparia
Inula helenium
Helianthus annuus
Hyoscyamus niger
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Silver nitrate solution was added into a solution with anions of the first analytical group. A yellow precipitate was produced as the result, which indicates that this solution contained:
Sulfate ions
Bromide ions
Arsenate ions
Arsenite ions
Iodide ions
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Some medicinal plants are poisonous. Select a poisonous plant from the list below:
Origaum vulgare
Salvia officinalis
Thymus serpilum
Thymus vulgaris
Digitalis purpurea
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What cation can be detected with Chugaiev’s agent (Dimethylglyoxime)?
+
Ni2+
Ca2+
Co2+
Mn2+
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A patient in the state of ketoacidotic coma presents with loud rapid respiration: labored expiration with tension of expiratory muscles occurs after deep inspiration.
Name this type of pathologic respiration:
Gasping
Stenotic
Kussmaul’s
Cheyne-Stokes’
Biot’s
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In a nursery-garden some medicinal plants developed signs of a disease: there are yellow spots and necrotic foci on the leaves. Sap of the diseased plants remained infectious even after passing through a bacteria-excluding filter. No microorganisms growth was detected on the nutrient medium. What microorganisms could be the cause of this disease?
Mycoplasma
Viruses
Fungi
Ray fungi
Bacteria
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A laboratory received ethanol and methanol. What reaction can be used to distinguish between these two substances?
Iodoform test (I2 + NaOH)
Reaction with halogen anhydrides of inorganic acids
Oxidation (CrO3, H2SO4)
Beilstein test
Formation of a chelate complex with copper hydroxide
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Select pyridine from the listed compounds:
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Specify the products of urea hydrolysis:
CO + N2 +3H2
CO2 + N2 +3H2O
CO2 +2NH3
CO2 + N2 +3H2
CO +2NH3
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Specify the products obtained as the result of formic acid being heated with concentrated sulfuric acid:
CO + H2O
CO2 + H2
CO + CO2 + H2O
CO + H2
CO2 + H2O
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Transformation C2H4 (alkene) −→ C2H6 (alkane) occurs during the following reaction:
Hydration
Hydrogenation
Dehydrogenation
Dehydration
Dimerization
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Hydrolysis reaction will NOT occur with:
Cellulose
Glycerol
Protein
Starch
Fat
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What reaction proves that phenol has acidic properties?
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Select ketose from the monosaccharides listed below:
Fructose
Arabinose
Mannose
Glucose
Ribose
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According to Hueckel’s rule an organic compound will have aromatic properties if:
There is only one substituent in the molecule
Its molecules are composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen atoms that form a linear carbon chain
There are condensed nuclei in the molecule
Its molecular structure contains a planar cycle with a closed conjugated system that contains (4n+2) of pi electrons, where n =
0,1,2,3, etc.
There is a cyclohexane ring in the molecule
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A pharmacy has received a batch of drugs for treatment of upper respiratory tract infection. What drug is used to treat influenza?
Doxycycline
Methisazone
Idoxuridine
Levamisole
Rimantadine
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A woman complains of itching lips; they are reddened and covered in scabs and scales after she had been using new lipstick for two weeks. What allergicreactions result in this kind of disorders?
Anaphylactic
Delayed
Immune complex
Cytotoxic
Stimulating
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Choose the potent fast-acting diuretic to induce forced diuresis:
Hydrochlorothiazide
Spironolactone
Furosemide
Triamterene
Acetazolamide
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Name the psychostimulant with analeptical action, which is a purine derivative:
Caffeine and sodium benzoate
Sulpiride
Tramadol
Sodium bromide
Medazepam
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After ishemic stroke the patient was prescribed a drug to improve his intellectual functioning and memory. What drug would he obtain in the pharmacy?
Diphenin (Phenytoin)
Tabex (Cytisine)
-
Metoclopramide
Piracetam
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A patient with a small cut on the palm came to the dispensing chemist. What antiseptic would be advisable in this case?
Ketoconazole
Flemoxin (Amoxicillin)
Doxycycline hydrochloride
Lidocaine hydrochloride
Hydrogen peroxide
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Mother of a 10-year-old child came to the pharmacy to obtain a drug for prevention of upper respiratory tract infections. What drug would be recommended by the dispensing chemist?
Tetracycline
Doxorubicin
Benzoteph
Interferon
Carvedilol
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A patient came to the pharmacy to obtain an antidiarrheal agent. What drug would be recommended by the dispensing chemist?
Ranitidine
Loperamide
Anesthesin (Benzocaine)
Picolax (Sodium picosulfate)
Dicaine (Tetracaine)
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A patient came to the pharmacy to obtain a drug that contains pancreatic enzymes and can be taked for chronic pancreatitis. What drug would be recommended by the dispensing chemist?
Pirenzepine
Triamcinolone
Pancreatine
Omeprazole
Gordox (Aprotinin)
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Increased concentration of active oxygen forms is a mechanism of pathogenesis in a number of diseases. To prevent this process, antioxidants are prescribed. Select an antioxidant from the list below:
Calciferol
Glicerol
Cobalamine
Glucose
α-tocopherol
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A 28-year-old man with peptic ulcer of the stomach was prescribed a drug that inhibits gastric juice secretion. Specify this drug:
Fenofibrate
Ethacrynic acid
Lidocaine
Duphalac (Lactulose)
Omeprazole
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An engine driver complains of his seasonal allergy symptoms. What nonsedating drug should be prescribed in this case?
Novocaine
Loratadine
Atenolol
Fenofibrate
Analgine (Metamizole)
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Salicylic acid derivatives are widely used in medicine. Specify the formula of salicylic acid:
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When an isolatedsystem spontaneously approaches its equilibrium, its entropy:
Reaches maximum
Approaches zero
Reaches minimum
Demonstrates linear magnification
Approaches infinity
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A pharmacy produces a batch of vials with physiological saline for injections. How should they be sterilized?
X-ray irradiation
Ultraviolet irradiation
In a steam-jacketed autoclave chamber
Under pressure in an autoclave
In a dry heat sterilizer
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A certain dioecious plant commonly grows at the forest edge. It is a shrub with thorned sprouts. Its fruit is a round black coenocarpous drupe (pyrenarium) with 3-4 seeds. Name this plant:
Rhamnus cathartica
Sambucus nigra
Hippophae rhamnoides
Rosa canina
Crataegus sanguinea
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Choose the weakest carboxylic acid basing on its pKa value:
Formic acid (рКа = 3.7)
Lactic acid (рКа = 3.9)
Acetic acid (рКа = 4.7)
Propionic acid (рКа = 4.9)
Butyric acid (рКа = 4.82)
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Which of the amines listed below is a primary amine?
C6H5N(CH3)2
C6H5CH2NH2
C6H5NHCH3
C6H5CH2N(CH3)2
C6H5CH2NHCH3
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It can be safely assumed that the infants born from the mothers with the history of measles will not be affected by the measles outbreak during their stay in the maternity ward. What classes of antibodies provide the infants with the resistance to this disease?
IgD
IgE
IgA
IgG
IgM
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The children attending a kindergarten were hospitalized with diagnosis of poliomyelitis. What was the route of infection transmission in this case?
Fecal-oral transmission
Transmission via airborne dust particles
Vector-borne transmission
Alimentary transmission
Direct contact transmission
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What ion increases osmotic pressure in the focus of inflammation?
Potassium
Fluorine
Chlorine
Magnesium
Calcium
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A 55-year-old man came to a doctor with complaints of acute pain in his big toes. Meat and wine are a permanent fixture in his diet. The doctor suspects gout. What substance must be measured in the patient’s blood to confirm this diagnosis?
Uric acid
Ketone bodies
Lactate
Bilirubin
Urea
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Name the process of cell membrane saturation with a fat-like substance suberin:
Cutinization
Mineralization
Mucification
Lignification
Suberization
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Specify the analgesic that affects opiate receptors and can cause development of tolerance and dependence:
Medazepam
Voltaren (Diclofenac sodium)
Haloperidol
Morphine
Phenobarbital
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During furosemide therapy of a patient with chronic edematous syndrome, his plasma-cation concentration was disturbed. What drug should be used in this case?
Magne B6
Potassium chloride
Aspirin
Thiamine bromide
Ascorutin (Ascorbic acid + Rutoside)
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Upon examination the ophthalmologist diagnosed a 21-year-old woman with visual impairment - hemeralopia (”night blindness”). What drug should this patient take to restore her vision?
Sustac forte (Nitroglycerin)
Suprastin (Chloropyramine)
Cholecalciferol
Retinol acetate
Ergocalciferol
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What bonds participate in creation of both linear and cyclic dimeric carboxylic acid associates?
Hydrogen bonds
Donor-acceptor bonds
Nonpolar covalent bonds
Polar covalent bonds
Ionic bonds
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Heating of sodium phenolate in CO2 stream results in production of a certain carboxylic acid. Name the resulting compound:
Benzoic acid
Aminophenol
Phenyl salicylate
Salicylic acid
Ethyl salicylate
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Which alkadiene of those listed below is a diene with cumulated double bonds?
CH2 = CH − CH = CH2
CH2 = CH − CH2 − CH = CH2
CH3 − CH = CH − CH2 − CH = CH2
CH2 = CH −CH2−CH2−CH = CH2
CH2 = C = CH2
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What compound will be produced as the result of toluene chlorination in the presence of FeCl3 catalyst?
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Select α-maltose from the list:
4-О-(β-D-glucopyranoside)-β-Dglucopyranose
4-О-(β-D-glucopyranoside)-α-Dglucopyranose
4-О-(α-D-glucopyranoside)-α-Dglucopyranose
4-О-(α-D-glucopyranoside)-β-Dglucopyranose
α-D-glucopyranoside-β-D-fructofuranoside
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What compound is synthesized as the result of β-picoline oxidation?
Uric acid
Ascorbic acid
Nicotinic acid
Barbituric acid
Benzoic acid
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Specify quinoline among the compounds given below:
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
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