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What titrimetric method of analysis requires the use of both external and internal indicators?
Permanganatometry
Nitritometry
Alkalimetry
Argentometry
Complexometric titration
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By means of photoelectrocolorimetric analysis the concentration of the following can be determined:
Any type of solution
Colored solution
Optically active substance
Colorless solution
Turbid solution
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A patient suffers from Down’s disease that manifests as mental retardation, shortness of stature, pathologically short fingers and toes, and eyes with mongoloid slant. Karyotype analysis revealed trisomy 21. What group of diseases does this pathology belong to?
Blastopathy
Fetopathy
Chromosomal disorders
Gametopathy
Molecular genetic disease
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Knowing the temperature of phase transformation under a certain pressure is extremely important in the process of drugs manufacturing. This temperature can be calculated using the:
Konovalov’s laws
Mendeleev-Clapeyron equation
Trouton’s rule
Clausius-Clapeyron equation
Gibbs’ phase rule
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At the triple point on the water phase diagram, water is:
An invariant system
A bivariant system
A monovariant system
A trivariant system
A quadrivariant system
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Bioavailability of a powder depends on the degree of comminution of the substance. The following value must be measured:
Concentration
Solution density
Dispersion
Particle volume
Particle mass
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A patient with gout was prescribed allopurinol - a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Xanthine oxidase is a terminal enzyme of catabolism of:
Heteropolysaccharides
Phospholipids
Glycoproteins
Higher fatty acids
Purine nucleotides
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Many drugs must be manufactured under strictly aseptic conditions. One such possible source of microbiological contamination of drugs is laboratory glassware. What method should be used to sterilize the glassware?
Tyndallization
Ignition
Pasteurization
Dry heat
Boiling
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To determine qualitative content of a drug, the drug sample was processed with 2M solution of HCl. White precipitate soluble in aqueous ammonia solution was formed. This analytical effect indicates the presence of the following cations:
Mercury(I)
Tin(II)
Mercury(II)
Silver(I)
Lead(II)
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Name the process of spontaneous adhesion of drops in an emulsion to each other:
Coalescence
Flocculation
Sedimentation
Flotation
Coagulation
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Inheritable genetic disorders can result in disturbed enzyme synthesis in the human body. What enzyme deficiency results in disturbed break-up of lactose:
Invertase
Peptidase
Lipase
Lactase
Maltase
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To treat the patients with purulent wounds, a dressing with a certain immobilized enzyme is used. Name this enzyme:
Catalase
Alkaline phosphatase
Tripsin
Acid phosphatase
Arginase
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Cerebrospinal fluid of a patient diagnosed with meningitis was taken for analysis. To detect the causative agent the sample was inoculated in a nutrient medium. Prior to that a serum had been added to the medium. What causative agent is expected to be obtained in this case?
Meningococcus
Mycobacteria
Rickettsia
Viruses
Staphylococcus
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Hormones regulate numerous metabolic processes. What hormone activates glycogen synthesis?
Adrenaline
Vasopressin
Insulin
Oxytocin
Thyroxine
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A structural analog of vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) is used as an antituberculous medicine. Name this medicine:
Streptocide
Tetracycline
Isoniazid
Aspirin
Riboflavin
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A food plant of Polygonaceae family is being studied. The plant has reddish stalk, cordate-sagittate leaves, its fruit is a trihedral nutlet. Name this plant:
Fagopyrum esculentum
Rumex confertus
Persicaria bistorta
Polygonum aviculare
Persicaria hydropiper
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Microscopy of subterranean organs of an Аsteraceae family plant shows articulated laticifers with anastomoses filled with white latex. It is characterisic of the following plant:
Helianthus annuus
Artemisia absinthium
Achillea millefolium
Bidens tripartitа
Taraxacum officinale
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The defensive mechanisms against some infectious diseases can be greatly reinforced with interferon. Interferon preparations will be the most advisable in cases of the following type of infections:
Microbioses
Helminthic
Fungal
Protozoal
Viral
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A chemotherapeutic agent has bactericidal effect against streptococci, staphylococci, bacilli, and clostridia. According to its action spectrum this drug belongs to the following group:
Antiviral agents
Broad spectrum antibacterial agents
Antituberculous agents
Broad spectrum antifungal agents
Narrow spectrum antibacterial agents
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It is known that in plants the synthesis of secondary reserve starch occurs in:
Elaioplasts
Chloroplasts
Proteinoplasts
Chromoplasts
Amyloplasts
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A patient has developed anuria. Blood pressure is 50/20 mm Hg. What process of uropoiesis was disturbed resulting in acute decrease of urine output?
Facultative reabsorption
Glomerular filtration
Obligate reabsorption
-
Tubular secretion
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A 12-year-old boy is of short stature, but his mental development corresponds with that of his age group. What hormone deficiency is the most likely to cause this pathology?
Adrenaline
Vasopressin
Somatotropin
Oxytocin
Insulin
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A 10-year-old child has height of 178 cm and body mass of 67 kg. These presentations are caused by the functional disturbance of the:
Adrenal glands
Parathyroid glands
Thyroid gland
Gonads
Pituitary gland
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A certain infection leads to fetus malformation if a pregnant woman is affected. What vaccine should be used for prevention of this infection?
Mumps vaccine
Poliovirus vaccine
Antirabic vaccine
Rubella virus vaccine
Influenza virus vaccine
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Quantitative content of hydrogen peroxide can be determined by means of the following self-indicator method:
Permanganatometry
Iodometry
Bromatometry
Argentometry
Nitritometry
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Coumarins, vitamin K antagonists, suppress the processes of blood coagulation. What protein synthesis is blocked by coumarins?
Gamma globulin
Ceruloplasmin
Transferrin
Albumin
Prothrombin
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HIV-infection occupational risk groups include people of various professions, healthcare workers included. Specify the mosl likely route of infection transmission for healthcare workers:
Droplet transmission
Parenteral transmission
Transmission via airborne dust particles
Vector-borne transmission
Fecal-oral transmission
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Microbial survival within environment is facilitated by spore formation. What microorganisms of those listed below are spore formers:
Peptostreptococci
Clostridia
Bacteroides
Staphylococci
Peptococci
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Synthesis of a medicinal substance occurs in an isolated system. What is a direction criterion of spontaneous processes?
Gibbs energy
Helmholtz energy
Entropy change
Intrinsic energy
Enthalpy
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An enzyme transports structure fragments from one substrate into another.
Name this class of enzymes:
Transferases
Ligases
Isomerases
Hydrolases
Oxidoreductases
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A patient with high risk of hemorrhages is recommended to take vicasol (menadione) by his physician. This drug is the structural analog of:
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B12
Vitamin K
Vitamin A
Vitamin B5
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Enzymes are widely used as drugs in pharmacy. What is the main feature that separates enzymes from non-biological catalysts?
High dispersion
High homogeneity
High specificity and selectivity
High universality
Low universality
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Any damage to the patient’s vessels results in persistent hemorrhage. Blood clotting factor VIII is deficient in the patient’s blood. What disease does this patient suffer from?
Hemophilia
Anemia
Radiation sickness
Acute vascular purpura
Thrombocytopenic purpura
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Name the structural unit of a colloidal solution of a medicinal substance:
Micelle
Ion
Zwitterion
Molecule
Atom
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Protein structure includes proteinogenic amino acids. What is the position of the amino group in the structure of these amino acids?
β-position
α-position
ε-position
δ-position
γ-position
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To induce diabetes mellitus in a rabbit, β-cells of pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) were selectively damaged with alloxan. What method of diabetes induction was used in this experiment?
Isolated organs
Irritation
Stimulation
Shutdown
Introduction of enzymes, hormones
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A sample section of an axial body shows a complex consisting of phellogen and its derivatives - cork and phelloderm. Name this tissue:
Colenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Epiblema
Periderm
Epidermis
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The Mohr method is used to determine mass concentration of sodium chloride in an isotonic solution. Titration is carried out with the following indicator:
Potassium chromate
Fluorescein
Ammonium iron(III) sulfate
Ferroin
Diphenylcarbazone
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A patient presents with persistent tachycardia, exophthalmos, high excitability, increased basal metabolic rate. What disorder can lead to the development of this syndrome?
Hyperparathyroidism
Adrenal hypofunction
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
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Racemose clusters of calcium carbonate crystals are detected among the waste products of a protoplast. These crystals are:
Raphides
Cystoliths
Isolated crystals
Styloid crystals
Crystal druses
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After the pus sample taken from the urethra had been inoculated on ascitic agar, it resulted in growth of round transparent colonies. Microscopy of the colonies shows gram-negative kidney bean-shaped diplococci. What causative agent is it?
Streptococcus
Micrococcus
Meningococcus
Gonococcus
Pneumococcus
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Laboratories of various specialization use the following method to determine general water hardness of potable water:
Acidimetry
Complexometric titration
Precipitation
Alkalimetry
Oxidimetry
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Name the reaction producing a goldenyellow precipitate (”golden rain” reaction):
Precipitation of PbCl2
Precipitation of PbI2
Precipitation of Hg2I2
Precipitation of HgI2
Precipitation of AgI
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Name the reactions and reagents that under certain conditions allow determination of certain ions in the presence of other ions:
General
Group
Specific
Selective
Characteristic
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In Friedel-Crafts alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons the following substance is used as the catalyst:
Cr2O3
Anhydrous AlCl3
Alcoholic NaOH solution
Pt
PCl5
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What compound of those listed below is a condensed arene?
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How does increasing temperature affects physical adsorption of substances?
Transforms into chemical adsorption
Increases
Increases in homogeneous systems
Decreases
Decreases in heterogeneous systems
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Gelatin expands the most in the following solvent:
Diethyl ether
Acetic acid solution
Water
Benzene
Ethanol
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Azo dyes are produced as the result of:
Diazotization
Nitration
Amination
Nitrosation
Azo coupling
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What reaction results in production of phthalic anhydride?
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What drug is produced as the result of reaction between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride?
Aspirin
Salicylamide
Phenyl salicylate
Sodium salicylate
Benzyl salicylate
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Glucose oxidation with a potent oxidizing agent (concentrated HNO3) results in production of:
D-arabinaric acid
D-gluconic acid
D-glucaric acid
D-galactaric (mucic) acid
D-glucuronic acid
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A patient, who lives in the area with specific geochemical conditions, was diagnosed with endemic goiter. What microelement deficiency results in development of this pathology?
F
Cl
Na
I
Br
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An oncological patient was prescribed fluorouracil that is a competitive inhibitor of thymidine synthase. It inhibits the process of:
Lipids synthesis
Purine nucleotides synthesis
Purine nucleotides disintegration
Carbohydrate disintegration
Pyrimidine nucleotides synthesis
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During assessment of air purity in an aseptic unit of a phamacy, sedimentation analysis had been applied. Test resulted in growth of the small colonies with areas of hemolysis. What medium was used for inoculation?
Ploskirev’s agar
Egg-yolk salt agar
Endo agar
Blood agar
Levine’s formulation (Eosin Methylene Blue agar)
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According to van’t Hoff rule, when the temperature is raised by 10 degrees, the reaction rate increases by:
1.5 times
2-4 times
10 times
5 times
Temperature does not affect reaction rate
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What standard solution can be used to standardize the solution of I2?
Potassium dichromate solution
Potassium iodide solution
Potassium permanganate solution
Sodium nitrite solution
Sodium thiosulfate solution
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Catalysts are widely used in production of drugs. How can reaction acceleration in the presence of a catalyst be explained?
Activation energy decreases
Collision frequency decreases
Activation energy increases
Molecule speed increases
Total collision frequency increases
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On examination the patient’s sclera and oral mucosa are icteric. What biochemical blood value can be expected to be increased?
Cholesterol
Bilirubin
Amylase
Albumin
Glucose
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Microorganisms in the environment are being affected by various physical factors. What is the effect of high temperature on a microbial cell?
Irreversible degradation of all cellular structures
Transition into anabiosis state
Albuminolysis
Mutagenic effect
Fats saponification
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Extreme therapeutic effect of activated carbon is due to its high specific surface area. Name the phenomenon when gases are absorbed only by the surface of a solid body:
Cohesion
Adsorption
Adhesion
Desorption
Recuperation
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Pastes are used in medicine to treat skin diseases. What type of disperse systems are they?
Foams
Emulsions
Suspensions
Powders
Aerosols
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In photometric analysis the series of 6-8 standard solutions is used:
To choose cuvettes
To choose optical filter
To simplify working method
To build a calibration curve
To assess determination method
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Ammonium iron(III) sulfate can be used as an indicator in:
Argentometry, Mohr method
Acidimetry
Argentometry, Volhard method
Complexometric titration
Alkalimetry
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Quantitative determination of iodine is done by means of:
Alkalimetry
Redox titration
Complexometric titration
Acidimetry
Precipitation titration
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Separation of substances in chromatography is based on the ability of solutes:
To precipitate
To distribute between two mobile phases
To dissolve
To distribute between two stationary phases
To distribute between the mobile and stationary phases
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Quantitative content of oxalic acid can be determined by means of permanganatometry. How to determine equivalence point for this kind of titration?
With specific indicator
With pH indicator
With adsorption indicator
With redox indicator diphenylamine
When titrate changes its color after another drop of process solution is added
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Surfactants and high-molecular compounds are added into concentrated emulsions to stabilize them. These substances are:
Absorbents
Solvents
Emulsifiers
Catalysts
Activators
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Reaction of benzene sulfonation produces:
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Choose the reaction of ester production among those listed below: A.
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A 25-year-old man has an appointment with the dentist. Several minutes after his oral cavity was lavaged with furacilin (nitrofurazone) the patient developed significant labial edema. What type of allergic reaction is observed in this case?
Cytolytic
Anaphylactic
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Immune complex
Stimulated
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A patient with gastric carcinoma has undergone several courses of radiation therapy. What system is the first to become functionally disturbed after the body was exposed to ionizing radiation?
Digestive
Urinary
Respiratory
Nervous
Blood
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A patient with acute myocardial infarction received anticoagulation therapy. What compound will have anticoagulation effect?
Hyaluronic acid
Keratan sulfate
Heparin
Chondroitin sulfate
Dermatan sulfate
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Specify what method of redox titration requires the use of specific indicator - starch - to fix the end point:
Permanganatometry
Iodometry
Cerimetry
Nitritometry
Bromatometry
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Causative agents of infectious diseases can be carried both by humans and animals. Name the group of infections that affect animals and can be passed onto humans:
Mixed
Zoonoses
Anthroponoses
Zooanthroponoses
Sapronoses
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During regular check-up a patient presents with enlarged thyroid gland, exophthalmos, increased body temperature, heart rate up to 110/min. What hormone should be measured in the patient’s blood in this case?
Thyroxin
Insulin
Cortisol
Glucagon
Testosterone
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A fruit tree of Rosaceae family has short thorny shoots; the fruit is a distinctivelyshaped pome with stone cells in its pulp. Name this plant:
Prunus armeniaca
Cerasus vulgaris
Pyrus communis
Malus sylvestris
Prunus spinosa
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Pharmacopoeia reaction to determine benzoate ions requires interaction with the solution of:
Resorcin
Iron(III) chloride
Potassium chloride
Diphenylamine
Acetic anhydride
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What solution can be used to detrmine the presence of chloride ions in the potable water?
Potassium bromate
Sodium hydroxide
Silver nitrate
Ammonia
Iodine
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Insulin production in β-cells involves many substances. What substance gives the main signal for insulin synthesis when its concentration changes?
Urea
Heparin
Carbon dioxide
Hemoglobin
Glucose
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Specify the substance that results from the following reaction: ?
Acetic acid
Ethanal
Ethanol
Propanal
Propanone
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An ophthalmologist has detected increased time of dark adaptation in a patient. What vitamin deficiency can result in such symptom?
C
B1
K
A
B6
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Morphologically the herbaceous plant being studied can be identified as Convallaria majalis. To confirm this conclusion additionally, a leaf of this plant was examined under the microscope and a search for the following crystalline inclusions was conducted:
Styloid crystals
Single crystals
Crystal sand
Druse crystals
Raphides
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What type of conducting bundle is characteristic of primary anatomical structure of a root?
Open collateral
Closed collateral
Bicollateral
Radial
Concentric
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Calendula officinalis as a representative of Asteraceae family can be characterized by the following type of inflorescence:
Capitulum
Anthodium
Catkin
Umbel
Corymb
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In the age of 5 months the child had measles antibodies in the blood. By the age of 1 year these antibodies disappeared from the child’s blood. Why were these antibodies present in the child’s blood?
Non-specific resistance
Acquired natural active immunity
Acquired natural passive immunity
Artificial immunity
Innate immunity
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A Gram stained smear shows large oval violet cells that form pseudomycelium. Name these microorganisms:
Actinomycetales
Plasmodium vivax
Candida fungi
Penicillium fungi
Mucor fungi
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Herbarium specimens of medicinal plants are being studied. Which one of them belongs to Rosaceae family?
Conium maculatum
Polygonum persicaria
Capsella bursa-pastoris
Crataegus sanguinea
Melilotus officinalis
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When working in the garden, a man accidentally cut his hand. The wound remained untreated. Shortly after that the wounded area developed inflammation with accumulation of exudate that contained numerous viable and degenerate neutrophils. What type of exudate is it?
Hemorrhagic
Fibrinous
Purulent
Serous
Catarrhal
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A patient presents with persistent fever, with the difference between evening and morning temperature not exceeding 1oC. What type of fever curve is present in this patient?
Recurrent
Hectic
Continuous
Intermittent
Remittent
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Natural peptides can carry out various functions. What bioactive peptide is a major antioxidant and functions as a coenzyme?
Glutathione
Oxytocin
Bradykinin
Anserine
Liberin
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Gout develops when purine nucleotide metabolism is disturbed. The doctor prescribed the patient allopurinol that is a competitive inhibitor of:
Succinate dehydrogenase
Xanthine oxidase
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Lactate dehydrogenase
Hexokinase
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Name the serums made from blood donated by volunteers or reconvalescent donors:
Corpuscular
Homologous
Heterologous
Autoimmune
Attenuated
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During skill building session in the field of microbiology, a student performed inoculation of microorganisms into the solid nutrient medium to obtain isolated colonies. How should inoculation loops be sterilized after that?
Soaking in 1% chloramine-B solution
Heating in the burner flame
Boiling under 60oC five times
Dry heat sterilization under 160oC for 120-150 minutes
Formaldehyde vapor sterilization
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A dry-heat box is used for sterilization of various materials and instruments in a bacteriological laboratory. This sterilization method can be applied to the following objects:
Simple nutrient medium
Wire inoculating loops
Physiological saline
Rubber gloves
Glass test tubes
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A specialist of the analytical laboratory performs direct iodometric determination of ascorbic acid. What indicator is used in this case?
Methyl red
Diphenylamine
Starch
Methyl orange
Phenolphthalein
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A certain herbaceous plant grows on the meadows of the Carpathian Mountains. It has orange anthodium inflorescences, upright stem, and a rosette of basal leaves. Name this plant:
Centaurea cyanus
Arnica montana
Calendula officinalis
Echinacea purpurea
Cychorium intybus
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What indicator is used for fixing the endpoint of mercurimetric titration?
Thiocyanate complexes of iron(III)
Fluorescein
Eosin
Potassium chromate
Murexide
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Ultraviolet irradiation is used in medicine in various physiotherapeutic procedures. What mechanism of medicinal action is characteristic of ultraviolet rays?
Activation of vitamin D synthesis
Activation of drug action
Decrease of melanin synthesis in the skin
Activation of lipid peroxidation
Intensification of cell division
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Human body assimilates fats only as emulsions. Vegetable oils and animal fats contained in food are emulsified when exposed to bile (an emulsifier). How does interface tension change in this case?
First increases, than decreases
Decreases
First decreases, than increases
Increases
Remains unchanged
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A patient has a gallstone lodged in the common bile duct, which blocks bile supply to the intestine. What digestive process will be disturbed in this case?
Protein absorption
Carbohydrate absorption
Protein digestion
Carbohydrate digestion
Fat digestion
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You are studying a silvery downy plant of Asteraceae family, which is rich in essential oils and bitters. Harvested are the apical sprouts with a panicle of small round flower heads. This plant is:
Calendula officinalis
Bidens tripartita
Chamomilla recutita
Arctium lappa
Artemisia absinthium
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A 46-year-old patient presents with hyperactivity of creatine kinase in his blood serum. What pathology can be suspected?
Myocardial infarction
Acute pancreatitis
Renal failure
Hemolytic anemia
Chronic hepatitis
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Among dosage forms there are numerous disperse systems. Select a free disperse system from the list:
Emulsion
Gel
Jelly
Membrane
Diaphragm
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How according to the Pharmacopoeia is pH determined?
Potentiometry
Spectrophotometry
Conductometry
Polarography
Indicator
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A patient is pale, has goose bumps and chills. What stage of fever is it characteristic of?
Temperature decrease
Latent stage
Continuous fever
Compensation
Temperature increase
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Ascarids were detected in a sick child. What changes in leukogram will be the most characteristic of helminthiasis?
Lymphocytosis
Eosinophilia
Neutrophilia
Basophilia
Monocytosis
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A man received a radiation dose of 30 Gy. He presents with necrotic angina and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Blood tests revealed anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. What stage of acute radiation sickness is observed in the patient?
-
Recovery
Latent stage
Prodromal stage
Manifest illness stage
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Neuroleptanalgesia has been applied in a case of cardiac infarction. What neuroleptic is most often administered along with fentanyl?
Sulpiride
Perphenazine (Aethaperazinum)
Droperidol
Clozapine
Levomepromazine
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Select the halogenated antiseptic that would be preferable for a child to pack in the first aid kit, when going to a summer camp:
Brilliant green
Iodine alcoholic solution
Methylene blue
Formaldehyde solution
Copper sulfate
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A patient, who was prescribed famotidine to treat peptic ulcer disease, came to the pharmacy. What is this drug’s mechanism of action?
Ganglionic receptor blockade
Inhibition of hydrogen potassium ATPase
Muscarinic receptor blockade
H1-histamine receptor blockade
H2-histamine receptor blockade
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What is represented by such a pharmacokinetic value of a drug as its biological half-life (T1/2)?
Correlation between the drug clearance rate and plasma drug concentration
Blood plasma volume cleared of drug within a time unit
Renal clearance rate
Time period in which plasma drug concentration decreases by 50%
Period of total body clearance
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A doctor needs to prescribe the patient a drug for replacement therapy after thyreoidectomy. What drug would you recommend?
L-thyroxine
Prednisolone
Parathyroidin
Insulin
Thiamazole
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What is the main mechanism of benzylpenicillin bactericidal action on the coccal flora?
Inhibition of protein synthesis
Disturbed synthesis of microbial cell wall
Disturbed cytoplasmic membrane permeability
Activation of macroorganism immune system
Increased phagocytic activity of leukocytes
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What mucolytic agent would you recommend for the patient with acute bronchitis to facilitate expectoration?
Glaucine
Codeine
Libexin (Prenoxdiazine)
Acetylcysteine
Hydrocodone
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A patient with allergic dermatitis came to the hospital. What anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic drug must be prescribed in this case?
Prednisolone
Oxytocin
Ethamide
Insulin
Retabolil (Nandrolone)
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A patient with bronchial asthma was prescribed a drug with the mechanism of action that is primarily based on the stimulation of β2 adrenergic receptors. Name this drug:
Droperidol
Clonidine
Isadrine (Isoprenaline)
Salbutamol
Adrenaline hydrochloride
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Name the ability of a drug to accumulate within the patient’s body:
Allergy
Synergism
Antagonism
Habituation
Cumulation
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What pharmacological effect of acetylsalicylic acid allows its application in patients with ischemic heart disease for prevention of thromboses?
Antipyretic
Analgesic
Ulcerogenic
Antiaggregant
Anti-inflammatory
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A 48-year-old patient has been intravenously administered prednisolone solution to arrest severe attack of bronchial asthma. What group of hormonal agents does prednisolone belong to?
Anabolic steroids
Estrogenic drugs
Mineralocorticoid
Glucocorticoids
Gestagenic drugs
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A doctor has prescribed a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug to relieve inflammation and pain syndrome. Name this drug:
Loratadine
Diclofenac sodium
Calcium chloride
Prednisolone
Glibenclamide
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A patient suffers from hyperchromic B12-deficiency anemia. What vitamin preparation should be prescribed in this case?
Vicasol (Menadione)
Riboflavin
Thiamine chloride
Retinol acetate
Cyanocobalamin
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To stimulate birth activity, a certain neurohypophyseal hormone is used. Name this hormone:
Thyroxine
Testosterone
Glucagon
Oxytocin
Insulin
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Sanitary microbiological investigation of potable water has detected coliphages.
What conclusion can be made about the sanitary-hygienic status of this water?
The water is safe to drink
Artesian water
The water is safe to drink after boiling
The water is for industrial use only
Fecal contamination
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After a traffic accident the driver presents with increased blood glucose. What mechanism leads to hyperglycemia in this case?
Decreased production of insulin
Decreased tone of parasympathetic nervous system
Increased production of somatotropic hormone
Sympathoadrenal system activation
Decreased production of glucagon
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Quantitative determination of iodides by Fajans method is performed with adsorption indicators. The following can be used as an adsorption indicator:
Methyl orange
Phenolphthalein
Diphenylamine
Eosin
Murexide
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Pharmacopoeia reaction of potassium ferrocyanide with zinc cations produces:
Violet precipitate
Black precipitate
Red precipitate
White precipitate
Yellow precipitate
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Rapid analysis of benzoate ions by means of Pharmacopoeia reaction with iron(III) chloride produces:
Pink-yellow precipitate
Red precipitate
Black precipitate
Blue precipitate
Green precipitate
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The following is used to determine the titrant volume in the process of titrimetric analysis:
Measuring tubes
Measuring flasks
Cylinders
Measuring glasses
Burettes
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A dissected flower has numerous stamens that are united by the stamen filaments into several bundles. What is this type of androecium?
Monadelphous
Tetradynamous
Diadelphous
Didynamous
Polyadelphous
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Upon examination of a flower it is determined to have one pistil made up of single free carpel. Therefore, this gynoecium can be identified as:
Lysicarpous
Syncarpous
Apocarpous
Paracarpous
Monocarpous
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Examination of a 45-year-old man, who for a long time kept to a vegetarian plantbased diet, revealed him to have negative nitrogen balance. What peculiarity of his diet has caused such developments?
Insufficient fat content
Insufficient protein content
Insufficient vitamin content
Excessive carbohydrate content
Excessive water content
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After severe emotional strain a 53year-old man suddenly developed acute pain in the heart area, which irradiates to the left hand, to the neck, and under the left scapula. He noted numbness of his left hand. His face is pale and covered in cold sweat. Nitroglycerine administration stopped the pain attack after 10 minutes had passed. What is the most likely disease in this case?
Somatoform autonomic dysfunction
Angina pectoris
Pulmonary embolism
Stroke
Myocardial infarction
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According to the Pharmacopoeia, molecular weight of a high-molecular substance should be determined by means of:
Viscometry
Cryometry
Potentiometry
Osmometry
Nephelometry
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In the process of coagulation by mixtures of different electrolytes, they seem to counteract each other’s effect. Name this phenomenon:
Mutual coagulation
Sedimentation
Synergism
Antagonism
Additivity
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One of the important diagnostic features of garden sage and motherwort is their shape of corolla. Their flowers have the following type of corolla:
Thimble-shaped
Bilabiate
Pseudoligulate
Funnelform
Ligulate
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Investigation of bacterial contamination of indoor air in a pharmacy takes into account the total number of microorganisms present in a certain air volume, as well as qualitative content of indoor air microflora. Name the sanitary-indicative microorganisms for indoor air:
Staphylococcus and streptococcus
Fungi and yeasts
Colibacillus
Chromobacterium
Sarcina
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During ultrasound investigation a patient was diagnosed with bilateralrenal artery stenosis of atherosclerotic genesis. Specify the bioactive substance that due to its excessive secretion is the key component of arterial hypertension pathogenesis in the given case:
Thyroxin
Vasopressin
Cortisol
Noradrenaline
Renin
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Preliminary disinfection of air and working surfaces of the equipment was conducted in the operating room of the surgical inpatient unit. What method of sterilization would be the most advisable in this case?
Ultraviolet irradiation
Flowing steam
High-frequency current
Formaldehyde vapor
Irradiation sterilization
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A patient was prescribed losartan for treatment of arterial hypertension. What mechanism of action does this drug have?
Inhibition of phosphodiesterase
Angiotensin-receptor blockade
Activation of central α-adrenoceptors
Calcium channel blockade
Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme
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Select the hepatoprotective drugs from the list below:
Essentiale (Phospholipides), Thiotriasoline
Festal, Panzinorm (Pancreatin)
No-Spa (drotaverine), papaverine hydrochloride
Allochol, Cholenzym
Oxaphenamide (Osalmid), Nicodin
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Hydrochloric acid was added into the solution under investigation. The resulting precipitate was filtered, then this filter cake was processed with hot water; after the filtrate cooled, KI solution was added into it. What cation was present in the solution, if the precipitate was colored yellow?
Pb2+
Ca2+
Ag+
Ba2+
Hg2+
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At the end of his shift a worker of the steel foundry felt dizziness, his body temperature increased to 38.5oC. What condition does he present with?
Hypertension
Hyperthermia
Decompression
Fever
Hypothermia
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The third analitycal group of cations (acid-base classification) includes Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+. What acid can function as a precipitator agent (group reagent) for these cations?
HCI
HNO3
H2SO4
HCIO4
CH3COOH
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Students should identify the following to determine the sex of a flower:
Flower cup and corolla
Symmetry
Color and type of indumentum
Pedicle and receptacle
Stamens and pistils
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In spring a perennial plant of Asteraceae family produces floral shoots with gloden-yellow flowers. After blossomfall, shoots with large leaves appear. Name this plant:
Petroselinum crispum
Нiреriсum perforatum
Potentilla erecta
Tussilago farfara
Datura stramonium
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Ultramicroscopy is used to determine the radius of dispersed phase particles. The following should be measured to make the necessary calculations:
Distance traveled by a tagged particle
Time interval in which a tagged particle travels a certain distance
Intensity of scattered light
Intensity of transmitted light
Number of particles in a definite volume
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Permanganatometry is used in determination of many organic and inorganic compounds. What are the main advantages of permanganatometry over the other oxidimetric methods?
Sufficiently high redox potential; it is possible to determine titration end-point without indicator
Various types of indicators can be used; in some cases catalysts are necessary to accelerate the reaction
Sufficiently high stability of potassium permanganate and its solutions
Pure potassium permanganate is easily available and obtainable
High selectivity and sensitivity when determining compounds
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Many organic compounds break up in the cell into simple products. What compounds break up into ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water in the human body?
Monosaccharides
Fatty acids
Monohydric alcohols
Keto acids
Amino acids
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A fruit is a capsule with oblate light brown smooth glossy seeds that mucify when moistened. This fruit belongs to:
Linaria vulgaris
Hypericum perforatum
Digitalis purpurea
Linum usitatissimum
Ledum palustre
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What substance forms colloid solution when dissolved in water?
Sucrose
Silver nitrate
Potassium gluconate
Collargol
Sodium sulfate
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Paracetamol has antipyretic and analgesic effect. In the human body it is neutralized in the following organ:
Liver
Lungs
Intestine
Heart
Spleen
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Rhizome of an Asteraceae family species is polycephalous, succulent, has lysigenous cavities, accumulates inulin. Such underground organ is characterisic of:
Inula helenium
Hyoscyamus niger
Digitalis grandiflora
Helianthus annuus
Sorbus aucuparia
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Silver nitrate solution was added into a solution with anions of the first analytical group. A yellow precipitate was produced as the result, which indicates that this solution contained:
Iodide ions
Arsenate ions
Sulfate ions
Arsenite ions
Bromide ions
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Some medicinal plants are poisonous. Select a poisonous plant from the list below:
Origaum vulgare
Digitalis purpurea
Salvia officinalis
Thymus serpilum
Thymus vulgaris
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What cation can be detected with Chugaiev’s agent (Dimethylglyoxime)?
+
Ca2+
Ni2+
Mn2+
Co2+
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A patient in the state of ketoacidotic coma presents with loud rapid respiration: labored expiration with tension of expiratory muscles occurs after deep inspiration.
Name this type of pathologic respiration:
Gasping
Biot’s
Cheyne-Stokes’
Stenotic
Kussmaul’s
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In a nursery-garden some medicinal plants developed signs of a disease: there are yellow spots and necrotic foci on the leaves. Sap of the diseased plants remained infectious even after passing through a bacteria-excluding filter. No microorganisms growth was detected on the nutrient medium. What microorganisms could be the cause of this disease?
Bacteria
Mycoplasma
Ray fungi
Fungi
Viruses
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A laboratory received ethanol and methanol. What reaction can be used to distinguish between these two substances?
Iodoform test (I2 + NaOH)
Beilstein test
Oxidation (CrO3, H2SO4)
Reaction with halogen anhydrides of inorganic acids
Formation of a chelate complex with copper hydroxide
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Select pyridine from the listed compounds:
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Specify the products of urea hydrolysis:
CO2 +2NH3
CO2 + N2 +3H2O
CO2 + N2 +3H2
CO +2NH3
CO + N2 +3H2
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Specify the products obtained as the result of formic acid being heated with concentrated sulfuric acid:
CO + CO2 + H2O
CO2 + H2
CO + H2
CO + H2O
CO2 + H2O
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Transformation C2H4 (alkene) −→ C2H6 (alkane) occurs during the following reaction:
Hydrogenation
Dehydration
Hydration
Dimerization
Dehydrogenation
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Hydrolysis reaction will NOT occur with:
Protein
Glycerol
Starch
Cellulose
Fat
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What reaction proves that phenol has acidic properties?
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Select ketose from the monosaccharides listed below:
Mannose
Ribose
Arabinose
Glucose
Fructose
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According to Hueckel’s rule an organic compound will have aromatic properties if:
There are condensed nuclei in the molecule
There is a cyclohexane ring in the molecule
There is only one substituent in the molecule
Its molecular structure contains a planar cycle with a closed conjugated system that contains (4n+2) of pi electrons, where n =
0,1,2,3, etc.
Its molecules are composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen atoms that form a linear carbon chain
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A pharmacy has received a batch of drugs for treatment of upper respiratory tract infection. What drug is used to treat influenza?
Doxycycline
Rimantadine
Idoxuridine
Levamisole
Methisazone
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A woman complains of itching lips; they are reddened and covered in scabs and scales after she had been using new lipstick for two weeks. What allergicreactions result in this kind of disorders?
Anaphylactic
Stimulating
Cytotoxic
Immune complex
Delayed
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Choose the potent fast-acting diuretic to induce forced diuresis:
Acetazolamide
Hydrochlorothiazide
Triamterene
Spironolactone
Furosemide
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Name the psychostimulant with analeptical action, which is a purine derivative:
Caffeine and sodium benzoate
Medazepam
Sulpiride
Sodium bromide
Tramadol
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After ishemic stroke the patient was prescribed a drug to improve his intellectual functioning and memory. What drug would he obtain in the pharmacy?
-
Metoclopramide
Piracetam
Diphenin (Phenytoin)
Tabex (Cytisine)
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A patient with a small cut on the palm came to the dispensing chemist. What antiseptic would be advisable in this case?
Lidocaine hydrochloride
Flemoxin (Amoxicillin)
Ketoconazole
Doxycycline hydrochloride
Hydrogen peroxide
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Mother of a 10-year-old child came to the pharmacy to obtain a drug for prevention of upper respiratory tract infections. What drug would be recommended by the dispensing chemist?
Tetracycline
Carvedilol
Interferon
Doxorubicin
Benzoteph
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A patient came to the pharmacy to obtain an antidiarrheal agent. What drug would be recommended by the dispensing chemist?
Dicaine (Tetracaine)
Ranitidine
Anesthesin (Benzocaine)
Picolax (Sodium picosulfate)
Loperamide
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A patient came to the pharmacy to obtain a drug that contains pancreatic enzymes and can be taked for chronic pancreatitis. What drug would be recommended by the dispensing chemist?
Gordox (Aprotinin)
Triamcinolone
Pirenzepine
Omeprazole
Pancreatine
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Increased concentration of active oxygen forms is a mechanism of pathogenesis in a number of diseases. To prevent this process, antioxidants are prescribed. Select an antioxidant from the list below:
Glucose
Calciferol
Cobalamine
α-tocopherol
Glicerol
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A 28-year-old man with peptic ulcer of the stomach was prescribed a drug that inhibits gastric juice secretion. Specify this drug:
Duphalac (Lactulose)
Lidocaine
Fenofibrate
Ethacrynic acid
Omeprazole
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An engine driver complains of his seasonal allergy symptoms. What nonsedating drug should be prescribed in this case?
Fenofibrate
Loratadine
Atenolol
Analgine (Metamizole)
Novocaine
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Salicylic acid derivatives are widely used in medicine. Specify the formula of salicylic acid:
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When an isolatedsystem spontaneously approaches its equilibrium, its entropy:
Reaches minimum
Reaches maximum
Approaches zero
Approaches infinity
Demonstrates linear magnification
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A pharmacy produces a batch of vials with physiological saline for injections. How should they be sterilized?
Ultraviolet irradiation
Under pressure in an autoclave
In a steam-jacketed autoclave chamber
X-ray irradiation
In a dry heat sterilizer
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A certain dioecious plant commonly grows at the forest edge. It is a shrub with thorned sprouts. Its fruit is a round black coenocarpous drupe (pyrenarium) with 3-4 seeds. Name this plant:
Rhamnus cathartica
Hippophae rhamnoides
Sambucus nigra
Crataegus sanguinea
Rosa canina
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Choose the weakest carboxylic acid basing on its pKa value:
Propionic acid (рКа = 4.9)
Lactic acid (рКа = 3.9)
Formic acid (рКа = 3.7)
Butyric acid (рКа = 4.82)
Acetic acid (рКа = 4.7)
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Which of the amines listed below is a primary amine?
C6H5CH2NHCH3
C6H5NHCH3
C6H5CH2N(CH3)2
C6H5N(CH3)2
C6H5CH2NH2
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It can be safely assumed that the infants born from the mothers with the history of measles will not be affected by the measles outbreak during their stay in the maternity ward. What classes of antibodies provide the infants with the resistance to this disease?
IgE
IgG
IgD
IgM
IgA
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The children attending a kindergarten were hospitalized with diagnosis of poliomyelitis. What was the route of infection transmission in this case?
Direct contact transmission
Transmission via airborne dust particles
Vector-borne transmission
Alimentary transmission
Fecal-oral transmission
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What ion increases osmotic pressure in the focus of inflammation?
Fluorine
Chlorine
Calcium
Magnesium
Potassium
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A 55-year-old man came to a doctor with complaints of acute pain in his big toes. Meat and wine are a permanent fixture in his diet. The doctor suspects gout. What substance must be measured in the patient’s blood to confirm this diagnosis?
Urea
Uric acid
Ketone bodies
Lactate
Bilirubin
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Name the process of cell membrane saturation with a fat-like substance suberin:
Mineralization
Cutinization
Mucification
Lignification
Suberization
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Specify the analgesic that affects opiate receptors and can cause development of tolerance and dependence:
Voltaren (Diclofenac sodium)
Medazepam
Phenobarbital
Haloperidol
Morphine
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During furosemide therapy of a patient with chronic edematous syndrome, his plasma-cation concentration was disturbed. What drug should be used in this case?
Magne B6
Ascorutin (Ascorbic acid + Rutoside)
Potassium chloride
Thiamine bromide
Aspirin
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Upon examination the ophthalmologist diagnosed a 21-year-old woman with visual impairment - hemeralopia (”night blindness”). What drug should this patient take to restore her vision?
Sustac forte (Nitroglycerin)
Cholecalciferol
Ergocalciferol
Retinol acetate
Suprastin (Chloropyramine)
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What bonds participate in creation of both linear and cyclic dimeric carboxylic acid associates?
Hydrogen bonds
Nonpolar covalent bonds
Ionic bonds
Polar covalent bonds
Donor-acceptor bonds
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Heating of sodium phenolate in CO2 stream results in production of a certain carboxylic acid. Name the resulting compound:
Aminophenol
Salicylic acid
Benzoic acid
Phenyl salicylate
Ethyl salicylate
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Which alkadiene of those listed below is a diene with cumulated double bonds?
CH2 = CH − CH = CH2
CH2 = C = CH2
CH3 − CH = CH − CH2 − CH = CH2
CH2 = CH − CH2 − CH = CH2
CH2 = CH −CH2−CH2−CH = CH2
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What compound will be produced as the result of toluene chlorination in the presence of FeCl3 catalyst?
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Select α-maltose from the list:
4-О-(β-D-glucopyranoside)-β-Dglucopyranose
4-О-(β-D-glucopyranoside)-α-Dglucopyranose
4-О-(α-D-glucopyranoside)-α-Dglucopyranose
4-О-(α-D-glucopyranoside)-β-Dglucopyranose
α-D-glucopyranoside-β-D-fructofuranoside
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What compound is synthesized as the result of β-picoline oxidation?
Ascorbic acid
Nicotinic acid
Benzoic acid
Uric acid
Barbituric acid
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Specify quinoline among the compounds given below:
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1
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