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What titrimetric method of analysis requires the use of both external and internal indicators?
Permanganatometry
Alkalimetry
Complexometric titration
Argentometry
Nitritometry
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By means of photoelectrocolorimetric analysis the concentration of the following can be determined:
Colorless solution
Turbid solution
Optically active substance
Any type of solution
Colored solution
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A patient suffers from Down’s disease that manifests as mental retardation, shortness of stature, pathologically short fingers and toes, and eyes with mongoloid slant. Karyotype analysis revealed trisomy 21. What group of diseases does this pathology belong to?
Blastopathy
Fetopathy
Molecular genetic disease
Gametopathy
Chromosomal disorders
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Knowing the temperature of phase transformation under a certain pressure is extremely important in the process of drugs manufacturing. This temperature can be calculated using the:
Clausius-Clapeyron equation
Trouton’s rule
Konovalov’s laws
Gibbs’ phase rule
Mendeleev-Clapeyron equation
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At the triple point on the water phase diagram, water is:
A bivariant system
A quadrivariant system
An invariant system
A trivariant system
A monovariant system
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Bioavailability of a powder depends on the degree of comminution of the substance. The following value must be measured:
Solution density
Particle mass
Concentration
Particle volume
Dispersion
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A patient with gout was prescribed allopurinol - a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Xanthine oxidase is a terminal enzyme of catabolism of:
Phospholipids
Purine nucleotides
Glycoproteins
Heteropolysaccharides
Higher fatty acids
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Many drugs must be manufactured under strictly aseptic conditions. One such possible source of microbiological contamination of drugs is laboratory glassware. What method should be used to sterilize the glassware?
Tyndallization
Boiling
Ignition
Pasteurization
Dry heat
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To determine qualitative content of a drug, the drug sample was processed with 2M solution of HCl. White precipitate soluble in aqueous ammonia solution was formed. This analytical effect indicates the presence of the following cations:
Lead(II)
Mercury(I)
Mercury(II)
Silver(I)
Tin(II)
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Name the process of spontaneous adhesion of drops in an emulsion to each other:
Flocculation
Coagulation
Sedimentation
Flotation
Coalescence
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Inheritable genetic disorders can result in disturbed enzyme synthesis in the human body. What enzyme deficiency results in disturbed break-up of lactose:
Invertase
Lipase
Peptidase
Maltase
Lactase
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To treat the patients with purulent wounds, a dressing with a certain immobilized enzyme is used. Name this enzyme:
Arginase
Acid phosphatase
Alkaline phosphatase
Tripsin
Catalase
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Cerebrospinal fluid of a patient diagnosed with meningitis was taken for analysis. To detect the causative agent the sample was inoculated in a nutrient medium. Prior to that a serum had been added to the medium. What causative agent is expected to be obtained in this case?
Meningococcus
Rickettsia
Viruses
Staphylococcus
Mycobacteria
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Hormones regulate numerous metabolic processes. What hormone activates glycogen synthesis?
Oxytocin
Insulin
Thyroxine
Adrenaline
Vasopressin
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A structural analog of vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) is used as an antituberculous medicine. Name this medicine:
Tetracycline
Isoniazid
Streptocide
Aspirin
Riboflavin
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A food plant of Polygonaceae family is being studied. The plant has reddish stalk, cordate-sagittate leaves, its fruit is a trihedral nutlet. Name this plant:
Persicaria hydropiper
Rumex confertus
Fagopyrum esculentum
Polygonum aviculare
Persicaria bistorta
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Microscopy of subterranean organs of an Аsteraceae family plant shows articulated laticifers with anastomoses filled with white latex. It is characterisic of the following plant:
Achillea millefolium
Artemisia absinthium
Taraxacum officinale
Bidens tripartitа
Helianthus annuus
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The defensive mechanisms against some infectious diseases can be greatly reinforced with interferon. Interferon preparations will be the most advisable in cases of the following type of infections:
Microbioses
Helminthic
Protozoal
Fungal
Viral
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A chemotherapeutic agent has bactericidal effect against streptococci, staphylococci, bacilli, and clostridia. According to its action spectrum this drug belongs to the following group:
Antiviral agents
Antituberculous agents
Narrow spectrum antibacterial agents
Broad spectrum antibacterial agents
Broad spectrum antifungal agents
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It is known that in plants the synthesis of secondary reserve starch occurs in:
Proteinoplasts
Elaioplasts
Chloroplasts
Chromoplasts
Amyloplasts
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A patient has developed anuria. Blood pressure is 50/20 mm Hg. What process of uropoiesis was disturbed resulting in acute decrease of urine output?
Obligate reabsorption
-
Glomerular filtration
Tubular secretion
Facultative reabsorption
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A 12-year-old boy is of short stature, but his mental development corresponds with that of his age group. What hormone deficiency is the most likely to cause this pathology?
Insulin
Oxytocin
Adrenaline
Vasopressin
Somatotropin
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A 10-year-old child has height of 178 cm and body mass of 67 kg. These presentations are caused by the functional disturbance of the:
Pituitary gland
Parathyroid glands
Thyroid gland
Gonads
Adrenal glands
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A certain infection leads to fetus malformation if a pregnant woman is affected. What vaccine should be used for prevention of this infection?
Influenza virus vaccine
Mumps vaccine
Poliovirus vaccine
Antirabic vaccine
Rubella virus vaccine
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Quantitative content of hydrogen peroxide can be determined by means of the following self-indicator method:
Bromatometry
Iodometry
Argentometry
Permanganatometry
Nitritometry
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Coumarins, vitamin K antagonists, suppress the processes of blood coagulation. What protein synthesis is blocked by coumarins?
Ceruloplasmin
Prothrombin
Albumin
Gamma globulin
Transferrin
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HIV-infection occupational risk groups include people of various professions, healthcare workers included. Specify the mosl likely route of infection transmission for healthcare workers:
Parenteral transmission
Vector-borne transmission
Fecal-oral transmission
Droplet transmission
Transmission via airborne dust particles
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Microbial survival within environment is facilitated by spore formation. What microorganisms of those listed below are spore formers:
Peptostreptococci
Staphylococci
Clostridia
Peptococci
Bacteroides
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Synthesis of a medicinal substance occurs in an isolated system. What is a direction criterion of spontaneous processes?
Intrinsic energy
Helmholtz energy
Gibbs energy
Entropy change
Enthalpy
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An enzyme transports structure fragments from one substrate into another.
Name this class of enzymes:
Oxidoreductases
Ligases
Hydrolases
Transferases
Isomerases
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A patient with high risk of hemorrhages is recommended to take vicasol (menadione) by his physician. This drug is the structural analog of:
Vitamin B6
Vitamin K
Vitamin A
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B5
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Enzymes are widely used as drugs in pharmacy. What is the main feature that separates enzymes from non-biological catalysts?
High dispersion
High homogeneity
High universality
High specificity and selectivity
Low universality
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Any damage to the patient’s vessels results in persistent hemorrhage. Blood clotting factor VIII is deficient in the patient’s blood. What disease does this patient suffer from?
Anemia
Radiation sickness
Acute vascular purpura
Thrombocytopenic purpura
Hemophilia
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Name the structural unit of a colloidal solution of a medicinal substance:
Ion
Atom
Molecule
Zwitterion
Micelle
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Protein structure includes proteinogenic amino acids. What is the position of the amino group in the structure of these amino acids?
β-position
α-position
ε-position
δ-position
γ-position
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To induce diabetes mellitus in a rabbit, β-cells of pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) were selectively damaged with alloxan. What method of diabetes induction was used in this experiment?
Shutdown
Introduction of enzymes, hormones
Stimulation
Isolated organs
Irritation
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A sample section of an axial body shows a complex consisting of phellogen and its derivatives - cork and phelloderm. Name this tissue:
Sclerenchyma
Periderm
Epidermis
Epiblema
Colenchyma
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The Mohr method is used to determine mass concentration of sodium chloride in an isotonic solution. Titration is carried out with the following indicator:
Ferroin
Ammonium iron(III) sulfate
Fluorescein
Potassium chromate
Diphenylcarbazone
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A patient presents with persistent tachycardia, exophthalmos, high excitability, increased basal metabolic rate. What disorder can lead to the development of this syndrome?
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
Adrenal hypofunction
Hyperthyroidism
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Racemose clusters of calcium carbonate crystals are detected among the waste products of a protoplast. These crystals are:
Crystal druses
Cystoliths
Styloid crystals
Raphides
Isolated crystals
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After the pus sample taken from the urethra had been inoculated on ascitic agar, it resulted in growth of round transparent colonies. Microscopy of the colonies shows gram-negative kidney bean-shaped diplococci. What causative agent is it?
Meningococcus
Micrococcus
Gonococcus
Pneumococcus
Streptococcus
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Laboratories of various specialization use the following method to determine general water hardness of potable water:
Acidimetry
Complexometric titration
Oxidimetry
Precipitation
Alkalimetry
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Name the reaction producing a goldenyellow precipitate (”golden rain” reaction):
Precipitation of HgI2
Precipitation of AgI
Precipitation of PbI2
Precipitation of PbCl2
Precipitation of Hg2I2
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Name the reactions and reagents that under certain conditions allow determination of certain ions in the presence of other ions:
Selective
Characteristic
Specific
Group
General
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In Friedel-Crafts alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons the following substance is used as the catalyst:
Alcoholic NaOH solution
Pt
PCl5
Anhydrous AlCl3
Cr2O3
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What compound of those listed below is a condensed arene?
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How does increasing temperature affects physical adsorption of substances?
Increases in homogeneous systems
Decreases in heterogeneous systems
Decreases
Increases
Transforms into chemical adsorption
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Gelatin expands the most in the following solvent:
Diethyl ether
Water
Acetic acid solution
Ethanol
Benzene
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Azo dyes are produced as the result of:
Nitration
Diazotization
Amination
Nitrosation
Azo coupling
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What reaction results in production of phthalic anhydride?
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What drug is produced as the result of reaction between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride?
Aspirin
Salicylamide
Phenyl salicylate
Sodium salicylate
Benzyl salicylate
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Glucose oxidation with a potent oxidizing agent (concentrated HNO3) results in production of:
D-galactaric (mucic) acid
D-glucaric acid
D-arabinaric acid
D-glucuronic acid
D-gluconic acid
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A patient, who lives in the area with specific geochemical conditions, was diagnosed with endemic goiter. What microelement deficiency results in development of this pathology?
Na
Cl
F
I
Br
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An oncological patient was prescribed fluorouracil that is a competitive inhibitor of thymidine synthase. It inhibits the process of:
Lipids synthesis
Purine nucleotides disintegration
Purine nucleotides synthesis
Pyrimidine nucleotides synthesis
Carbohydrate disintegration
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During assessment of air purity in an aseptic unit of a phamacy, sedimentation analysis had been applied. Test resulted in growth of the small colonies with areas of hemolysis. What medium was used for inoculation?
Endo agar
Ploskirev’s agar
Levine’s formulation (Eosin Methylene Blue agar)
Blood agar
Egg-yolk salt agar
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According to van’t Hoff rule, when the temperature is raised by 10 degrees, the reaction rate increases by:
5 times
1.5 times
Temperature does not affect reaction rate
2-4 times
10 times
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What standard solution can be used to standardize the solution of I2?
Sodium nitrite solution
Sodium thiosulfate solution
Potassium iodide solution
Potassium dichromate solution
Potassium permanganate solution
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Catalysts are widely used in production of drugs. How can reaction acceleration in the presence of a catalyst be explained?
Activation energy decreases
Molecule speed increases
Collision frequency decreases
Activation energy increases
Total collision frequency increases
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On examination the patient’s sclera and oral mucosa are icteric. What biochemical blood value can be expected to be increased?
Glucose
Cholesterol
Bilirubin
Amylase
Albumin
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Microorganisms in the environment are being affected by various physical factors. What is the effect of high temperature on a microbial cell?
Mutagenic effect
Albuminolysis
Transition into anabiosis state
Irreversible degradation of all cellular structures
Fats saponification
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Extreme therapeutic effect of activated carbon is due to its high specific surface area. Name the phenomenon when gases are absorbed only by the surface of a solid body:
Adhesion
Recuperation
Cohesion
Adsorption
Desorption
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Pastes are used in medicine to treat skin diseases. What type of disperse systems are they?
Powders
Foams
Emulsions
Aerosols
Suspensions
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In photometric analysis the series of 6-8 standard solutions is used:
To choose cuvettes
To choose optical filter
To build a calibration curve
To simplify working method
To assess determination method
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Ammonium iron(III) sulfate can be used as an indicator in:
Argentometry, Mohr method
Alkalimetry
Complexometric titration
Acidimetry
Argentometry, Volhard method
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Quantitative determination of iodine is done by means of:
Precipitation titration
Redox titration
Acidimetry
Alkalimetry
Complexometric titration
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Separation of substances in chromatography is based on the ability of solutes:
To distribute between two stationary phases
To precipitate
To dissolve
To distribute between two mobile phases
To distribute between the mobile and stationary phases
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Quantitative content of oxalic acid can be determined by means of permanganatometry. How to determine equivalence point for this kind of titration?
With adsorption indicator
With specific indicator
With pH indicator
When titrate changes its color after another drop of process solution is added
With redox indicator diphenylamine
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Surfactants and high-molecular compounds are added into concentrated emulsions to stabilize them. These substances are:
Emulsifiers
Absorbents
Catalysts
Solvents
Activators
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Reaction of benzene sulfonation produces:
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Choose the reaction of ester production among those listed below: A.
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A 25-year-old man has an appointment with the dentist. Several minutes after his oral cavity was lavaged with furacilin (nitrofurazone) the patient developed significant labial edema. What type of allergic reaction is observed in this case?
Stimulated
Cytolytic
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Anaphylactic
Immune complex
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A patient with gastric carcinoma has undergone several courses of radiation therapy. What system is the first to become functionally disturbed after the body was exposed to ionizing radiation?
Blood
Nervous
Digestive
Respiratory
Urinary
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A patient with acute myocardial infarction received anticoagulation therapy. What compound will have anticoagulation effect?
Keratan sulfate
Dermatan sulfate
Chondroitin sulfate
Heparin
Hyaluronic acid
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Specify what method of redox titration requires the use of specific indicator - starch - to fix the end point:
Cerimetry
Bromatometry
Permanganatometry
Iodometry
Nitritometry
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Causative agents of infectious diseases can be carried both by humans and animals. Name the group of infections that affect animals and can be passed onto humans:
Anthroponoses
Zoonoses
Zooanthroponoses
Sapronoses
Mixed
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During regular check-up a patient presents with enlarged thyroid gland, exophthalmos, increased body temperature, heart rate up to 110/min. What hormone should be measured in the patient’s blood in this case?
Cortisol
Thyroxin
Insulin
Testosterone
Glucagon
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A fruit tree of Rosaceae family has short thorny shoots; the fruit is a distinctivelyshaped pome with stone cells in its pulp. Name this plant:
Prunus spinosa
Pyrus communis
Malus sylvestris
Prunus armeniaca
Cerasus vulgaris
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Pharmacopoeia reaction to determine benzoate ions requires interaction with the solution of:
Acetic anhydride
Iron(III) chloride
Diphenylamine
Potassium chloride
Resorcin
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What solution can be used to detrmine the presence of chloride ions in the potable water?
Iodine
Ammonia
Potassium bromate
Sodium hydroxide
Silver nitrate
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Insulin production in β-cells involves many substances. What substance gives the main signal for insulin synthesis when its concentration changes?
Urea
Hemoglobin
Glucose
Carbon dioxide
Heparin
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Specify the substance that results from the following reaction: ?
Ethanal
Propanone
Acetic acid
Ethanol
Propanal
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An ophthalmologist has detected increased time of dark adaptation in a patient. What vitamin deficiency can result in such symptom?
B6
B1
K
C
A
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Morphologically the herbaceous plant being studied can be identified as Convallaria majalis. To confirm this conclusion additionally, a leaf of this plant was examined under the microscope and a search for the following crystalline inclusions was conducted:
Single crystals
Druse crystals
Crystal sand
Raphides
Styloid crystals
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What type of conducting bundle is characteristic of primary anatomical structure of a root?
Closed collateral
Concentric
Radial
Bicollateral
Open collateral
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Calendula officinalis as a representative of Asteraceae family can be characterized by the following type of inflorescence:
Anthodium
Catkin
Capitulum
Umbel
Corymb
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In the age of 5 months the child had measles antibodies in the blood. By the age of 1 year these antibodies disappeared from the child’s blood. Why were these antibodies present in the child’s blood?
Acquired natural passive immunity
Non-specific resistance
Innate immunity
Artificial immunity
Acquired natural active immunity
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A Gram stained smear shows large oval violet cells that form pseudomycelium. Name these microorganisms:
Plasmodium vivax
Penicillium fungi
Candida fungi
Mucor fungi
Actinomycetales
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Herbarium specimens of medicinal plants are being studied. Which one of them belongs to Rosaceae family?
Capsella bursa-pastoris
Polygonum persicaria
Crataegus sanguinea
Melilotus officinalis
Conium maculatum
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When working in the garden, a man accidentally cut his hand. The wound remained untreated. Shortly after that the wounded area developed inflammation with accumulation of exudate that contained numerous viable and degenerate neutrophils. What type of exudate is it?
Catarrhal
Fibrinous
Serous
Hemorrhagic
Purulent
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A patient presents with persistent fever, with the difference between evening and morning temperature not exceeding 1oC. What type of fever curve is present in this patient?
Recurrent
Continuous
Remittent
Hectic
Intermittent
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Natural peptides can carry out various functions. What bioactive peptide is a major antioxidant and functions as a coenzyme?
Anserine
Glutathione
Oxytocin
Bradykinin
Liberin
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Gout develops when purine nucleotide metabolism is disturbed. The doctor prescribed the patient allopurinol that is a competitive inhibitor of:
Lactate dehydrogenase
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Hexokinase
Xanthine oxidase
Succinate dehydrogenase
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Name the serums made from blood donated by volunteers or reconvalescent donors:
Heterologous
Attenuated
Autoimmune
Corpuscular
Homologous
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During skill building session in the field of microbiology, a student performed inoculation of microorganisms into the solid nutrient medium to obtain isolated colonies. How should inoculation loops be sterilized after that?
Soaking in 1% chloramine-B solution
Dry heat sterilization under 160oC for 120-150 minutes
Heating in the burner flame
Boiling under 60oC five times
Formaldehyde vapor sterilization
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A dry-heat box is used for sterilization of various materials and instruments in a bacteriological laboratory. This sterilization method can be applied to the following objects:
Simple nutrient medium
Physiological saline
Glass test tubes
Wire inoculating loops
Rubber gloves
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A specialist of the analytical laboratory performs direct iodometric determination of ascorbic acid. What indicator is used in this case?
Methyl red
Methyl orange
Diphenylamine
Phenolphthalein
Starch
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A certain herbaceous plant grows on the meadows of the Carpathian Mountains. It has orange anthodium inflorescences, upright stem, and a rosette of basal leaves. Name this plant:
Cychorium intybus
Arnica montana
Centaurea cyanus
Echinacea purpurea
Calendula officinalis
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What indicator is used for fixing the endpoint of mercurimetric titration?
Eosin
Thiocyanate complexes of iron(III)
Fluorescein
Potassium chromate
Murexide
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Ultraviolet irradiation is used in medicine in various physiotherapeutic procedures. What mechanism of medicinal action is characteristic of ultraviolet rays?
Intensification of cell division
Activation of lipid peroxidation
Activation of drug action
Activation of vitamin D synthesis
Decrease of melanin synthesis in the skin
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Human body assimilates fats only as emulsions. Vegetable oils and animal fats contained in food are emulsified when exposed to bile (an emulsifier). How does interface tension change in this case?
Remains unchanged
First increases, than decreases
Increases
First decreases, than increases
Decreases
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A patient has a gallstone lodged in the common bile duct, which blocks bile supply to the intestine. What digestive process will be disturbed in this case?
Protein absorption
Carbohydrate absorption
Carbohydrate digestion
Fat digestion
Protein digestion
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You are studying a silvery downy plant of Asteraceae family, which is rich in essential oils and bitters. Harvested are the apical sprouts with a panicle of small round flower heads. This plant is:
Chamomilla recutita
Arctium lappa
Calendula officinalis
Bidens tripartita
Artemisia absinthium
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A 46-year-old patient presents with hyperactivity of creatine kinase in his blood serum. What pathology can be suspected?
Renal failure
Acute pancreatitis
Chronic hepatitis
Hemolytic anemia
Myocardial infarction
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Among dosage forms there are numerous disperse systems. Select a free disperse system from the list:
Jelly
Diaphragm
Gel
Emulsion
Membrane
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How according to the Pharmacopoeia is pH determined?
Indicator
Polarography
Potentiometry
Spectrophotometry
Conductometry
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A patient is pale, has goose bumps and chills. What stage of fever is it characteristic of?
Compensation
Temperature decrease
Latent stage
Continuous fever
Temperature increase
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Ascarids were detected in a sick child. What changes in leukogram will be the most characteristic of helminthiasis?
Monocytosis
Eosinophilia
Neutrophilia
Basophilia
Lymphocytosis
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A man received a radiation dose of 30 Gy. He presents with necrotic angina and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Blood tests revealed anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. What stage of acute radiation sickness is observed in the patient?
Latent stage
Recovery
Manifest illness stage
Prodromal stage
-
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Neuroleptanalgesia has been applied in a case of cardiac infarction. What neuroleptic is most often administered along with fentanyl?
Sulpiride
Droperidol
Levomepromazine
Perphenazine (Aethaperazinum)
Clozapine
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Select the halogenated antiseptic that would be preferable for a child to pack in the first aid kit, when going to a summer camp:
Iodine alcoholic solution
Brilliant green
Methylene blue
Copper sulfate
Formaldehyde solution
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A patient, who was prescribed famotidine to treat peptic ulcer disease, came to the pharmacy. What is this drug’s mechanism of action?
H1-histamine receptor blockade
Ganglionic receptor blockade
Muscarinic receptor blockade
H2-histamine receptor blockade
Inhibition of hydrogen potassium ATPase
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What is represented by such a pharmacokinetic value of a drug as its biological half-life (T1/2)?
Time period in which plasma drug concentration decreases by 50%
Period of total body clearance
Renal clearance rate
Blood plasma volume cleared of drug within a time unit
Correlation between the drug clearance rate and plasma drug concentration
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A doctor needs to prescribe the patient a drug for replacement therapy after thyreoidectomy. What drug would you recommend?
L-thyroxine
Prednisolone
Parathyroidin
Thiamazole
Insulin
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What is the main mechanism of benzylpenicillin bactericidal action on the coccal flora?
Disturbed cytoplasmic membrane permeability
Activation of macroorganism immune system
Increased phagocytic activity of leukocytes
Inhibition of protein synthesis
Disturbed synthesis of microbial cell wall
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What mucolytic agent would you recommend for the patient with acute bronchitis to facilitate expectoration?
Acetylcysteine
Codeine
Libexin (Prenoxdiazine)
Hydrocodone
Glaucine
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A patient with allergic dermatitis came to the hospital. What anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic drug must be prescribed in this case?
Oxytocin
Insulin
Retabolil (Nandrolone)
Prednisolone
Ethamide
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A patient with bronchial asthma was prescribed a drug with the mechanism of action that is primarily based on the stimulation of β2 adrenergic receptors. Name this drug:
Droperidol
Adrenaline hydrochloride
Clonidine
Isadrine (Isoprenaline)
Salbutamol
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Name the ability of a drug to accumulate within the patient’s body:
Synergism
Allergy
Habituation
Cumulation
Antagonism
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What pharmacological effect of acetylsalicylic acid allows its application in patients with ischemic heart disease for prevention of thromboses?
Ulcerogenic
Antiaggregant
Antipyretic
Analgesic
Anti-inflammatory
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A 48-year-old patient has been intravenously administered prednisolone solution to arrest severe attack of bronchial asthma. What group of hormonal agents does prednisolone belong to?
Gestagenic drugs
Estrogenic drugs
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoid
Anabolic steroids
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A doctor has prescribed a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug to relieve inflammation and pain syndrome. Name this drug:
Glibenclamide
Prednisolone
Diclofenac sodium
Calcium chloride
Loratadine
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A patient suffers from hyperchromic B12-deficiency anemia. What vitamin preparation should be prescribed in this case?
Vicasol (Menadione)
Cyanocobalamin
Retinol acetate
Thiamine chloride
Riboflavin
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To stimulate birth activity, a certain neurohypophyseal hormone is used. Name this hormone:
Thyroxine
Insulin
Testosterone
Glucagon
Oxytocin
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Sanitary microbiological investigation of potable water has detected coliphages.
What conclusion can be made about the sanitary-hygienic status of this water?
The water is safe to drink after boiling
The water is for industrial use only
Artesian water
The water is safe to drink
Fecal contamination
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After a traffic accident the driver presents with increased blood glucose. What mechanism leads to hyperglycemia in this case?
Decreased tone of parasympathetic nervous system
Decreased production of glucagon
Sympathoadrenal system activation
Decreased production of insulin
Increased production of somatotropic hormone
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Quantitative determination of iodides by Fajans method is performed with adsorption indicators. The following can be used as an adsorption indicator:
Murexide
Diphenylamine
Methyl orange
Eosin
Phenolphthalein
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Pharmacopoeia reaction of potassium ferrocyanide with zinc cations produces:
Violet precipitate
Red precipitate
Yellow precipitate
Black precipitate
White precipitate
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Rapid analysis of benzoate ions by means of Pharmacopoeia reaction with iron(III) chloride produces:
Blue precipitate
Green precipitate
Pink-yellow precipitate
Red precipitate
Black precipitate
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The following is used to determine the titrant volume in the process of titrimetric analysis:
Measuring tubes
Cylinders
Measuring flasks
Burettes
Measuring glasses
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A dissected flower has numerous stamens that are united by the stamen filaments into several bundles. What is this type of androecium?
Diadelphous
Monadelphous
Didynamous
Tetradynamous
Polyadelphous
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Upon examination of a flower it is determined to have one pistil made up of single free carpel. Therefore, this gynoecium can be identified as:
Syncarpous
Lysicarpous
Paracarpous
Apocarpous
Monocarpous
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Examination of a 45-year-old man, who for a long time kept to a vegetarian plantbased diet, revealed him to have negative nitrogen balance. What peculiarity of his diet has caused such developments?
Excessive water content
Insufficient protein content
Excessive carbohydrate content
Insufficient vitamin content
Insufficient fat content
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After severe emotional strain a 53year-old man suddenly developed acute pain in the heart area, which irradiates to the left hand, to the neck, and under the left scapula. He noted numbness of his left hand. His face is pale and covered in cold sweat. Nitroglycerine administration stopped the pain attack after 10 minutes had passed. What is the most likely disease in this case?
Somatoform autonomic dysfunction
Myocardial infarction
Stroke
Pulmonary embolism
Angina pectoris
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According to the Pharmacopoeia, molecular weight of a high-molecular substance should be determined by means of:
Nephelometry
Cryometry
Potentiometry
Osmometry
Viscometry
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In the process of coagulation by mixtures of different electrolytes, they seem to counteract each other’s effect. Name this phenomenon:
Sedimentation
Additivity
Synergism
Antagonism
Mutual coagulation
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One of the important diagnostic features of garden sage and motherwort is their shape of corolla. Their flowers have the following type of corolla:
Thimble-shaped
Bilabiate
Pseudoligulate
Ligulate
Funnelform
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Investigation of bacterial contamination of indoor air in a pharmacy takes into account the total number of microorganisms present in a certain air volume, as well as qualitative content of indoor air microflora. Name the sanitary-indicative microorganisms for indoor air:
Chromobacterium
Fungi and yeasts
Sarcina
Staphylococcus and streptococcus
Colibacillus
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During ultrasound investigation a patient was diagnosed with bilateralrenal artery stenosis of atherosclerotic genesis. Specify the bioactive substance that due to its excessive secretion is the key component of arterial hypertension pathogenesis in the given case:
Noradrenaline
Vasopressin
Cortisol
Renin
Thyroxin
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Preliminary disinfection of air and working surfaces of the equipment was conducted in the operating room of the surgical inpatient unit. What method of sterilization would be the most advisable in this case?
Ultraviolet irradiation
Flowing steam
Formaldehyde vapor
Irradiation sterilization
High-frequency current
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A patient was prescribed losartan for treatment of arterial hypertension. What mechanism of action does this drug have?
Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme
Calcium channel blockade
Inhibition of phosphodiesterase
Angiotensin-receptor blockade
Activation of central α-adrenoceptors
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Select the hepatoprotective drugs from the list below:
Allochol, Cholenzym
Essentiale (Phospholipides), Thiotriasoline
Festal, Panzinorm (Pancreatin)
No-Spa (drotaverine), papaverine hydrochloride
Oxaphenamide (Osalmid), Nicodin
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Hydrochloric acid was added into the solution under investigation. The resulting precipitate was filtered, then this filter cake was processed with hot water; after the filtrate cooled, KI solution was added into it. What cation was present in the solution, if the precipitate was colored yellow?
Ba2+
Ag+
Pb2+
Ca2+
Hg2+
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At the end of his shift a worker of the steel foundry felt dizziness, his body temperature increased to 38.5oC. What condition does he present with?
Hyperthermia
Fever
Hypothermia
Decompression
Hypertension
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The third analitycal group of cations (acid-base classification) includes Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+. What acid can function as a precipitator agent (group reagent) for these cations?
HCI
CH3COOH
HNO3
H2SO4
HCIO4
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Students should identify the following to determine the sex of a flower:
Color and type of indumentum
Stamens and pistils
Symmetry
Pedicle and receptacle
Flower cup and corolla
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In spring a perennial plant of Asteraceae family produces floral shoots with gloden-yellow flowers. After blossomfall, shoots with large leaves appear. Name this plant:
Нiреriсum perforatum
Tussilago farfara
Datura stramonium
Petroselinum crispum
Potentilla erecta
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Ultramicroscopy is used to determine the radius of dispersed phase particles. The following should be measured to make the necessary calculations:
Time interval in which a tagged particle travels a certain distance
Intensity of scattered light
Number of particles in a definite volume
Distance traveled by a tagged particle
Intensity of transmitted light
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Permanganatometry is used in determination of many organic and inorganic compounds. What are the main advantages of permanganatometry over the other oxidimetric methods?
Various types of indicators can be used; in some cases catalysts are necessary to accelerate the reaction
High selectivity and sensitivity when determining compounds
Pure potassium permanganate is easily available and obtainable
Sufficiently high redox potential; it is possible to determine titration end-point without indicator
Sufficiently high stability of potassium permanganate and its solutions
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Many organic compounds break up in the cell into simple products. What compounds break up into ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water in the human body?
Amino acids
Keto acids
Monohydric alcohols
Fatty acids
Monosaccharides
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A fruit is a capsule with oblate light brown smooth glossy seeds that mucify when moistened. This fruit belongs to:
Linaria vulgaris
Digitalis purpurea
Linum usitatissimum
Ledum palustre
Hypericum perforatum
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What substance forms colloid solution when dissolved in water?
Sucrose
Silver nitrate
Sodium sulfate
Potassium gluconate
Collargol
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Paracetamol has antipyretic and analgesic effect. In the human body it is neutralized in the following organ:
Spleen
Intestine
Lungs
Liver
Heart
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Rhizome of an Asteraceae family species is polycephalous, succulent, has lysigenous cavities, accumulates inulin. Such underground organ is characterisic of:
Digitalis grandiflora
Helianthus annuus
Sorbus aucuparia
Inula helenium
Hyoscyamus niger
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Silver nitrate solution was added into a solution with anions of the first analytical group. A yellow precipitate was produced as the result, which indicates that this solution contained:
Iodide ions
Arsenate ions
Bromide ions
Sulfate ions
Arsenite ions
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Some medicinal plants are poisonous. Select a poisonous plant from the list below:
Origaum vulgare
Thymus serpilum
Digitalis purpurea
Salvia officinalis
Thymus vulgaris
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What cation can be detected with Chugaiev’s agent (Dimethylglyoxime)?
Ca2+
+
Mn2+
Ni2+
Co2+
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A patient in the state of ketoacidotic coma presents with loud rapid respiration: labored expiration with tension of expiratory muscles occurs after deep inspiration.
Name this type of pathologic respiration:
Gasping
Kussmaul’s
Cheyne-Stokes’
Stenotic
Biot’s
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In a nursery-garden some medicinal plants developed signs of a disease: there are yellow spots and necrotic foci on the leaves. Sap of the diseased plants remained infectious even after passing through a bacteria-excluding filter. No microorganisms growth was detected on the nutrient medium. What microorganisms could be the cause of this disease?
Bacteria
Mycoplasma
Ray fungi
Viruses
Fungi
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A laboratory received ethanol and methanol. What reaction can be used to distinguish between these two substances?
Formation of a chelate complex with copper hydroxide
Oxidation (CrO3, H2SO4)
Beilstein test
Iodoform test (I2 + NaOH)
Reaction with halogen anhydrides of inorganic acids
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Select pyridine from the listed compounds:
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Specify the products of urea hydrolysis:
CO +2NH3
CO2 +2NH3
CO + N2 +3H2
CO2 + N2 +3H2
CO2 + N2 +3H2O
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Specify the products obtained as the result of formic acid being heated with concentrated sulfuric acid:
CO + CO2 + H2O
CO2 + H2
CO + H2
CO + H2O
CO2 + H2O
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Transformation C2H4 (alkene) −→ C2H6 (alkane) occurs during the following reaction:
Dehydration
Dimerization
Dehydrogenation
Hydrogenation
Hydration
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Hydrolysis reaction will NOT occur with:
Glycerol
Cellulose
Protein
Starch
Fat
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What reaction proves that phenol has acidic properties?
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Select ketose from the monosaccharides listed below:
Fructose
Arabinose
Mannose
Ribose
Glucose
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According to Hueckel’s rule an organic compound will have aromatic properties if:
Its molecular structure contains a planar cycle with a closed conjugated system that contains (4n+2) of pi electrons, where n =
0,1,2,3, etc.
There are condensed nuclei in the molecule
Its molecules are composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen atoms that form a linear carbon chain
There is only one substituent in the molecule
There is a cyclohexane ring in the molecule
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A pharmacy has received a batch of drugs for treatment of upper respiratory tract infection. What drug is used to treat influenza?
Doxycycline
Idoxuridine
Levamisole
Rimantadine
Methisazone
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A woman complains of itching lips; they are reddened and covered in scabs and scales after she had been using new lipstick for two weeks. What allergicreactions result in this kind of disorders?
Cytotoxic
Anaphylactic
Delayed
Immune complex
Stimulating
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Choose the potent fast-acting diuretic to induce forced diuresis:
Hydrochlorothiazide
Spironolactone
Triamterene
Furosemide
Acetazolamide
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Name the psychostimulant with analeptical action, which is a purine derivative:
Medazepam
Sodium bromide
Tramadol
Caffeine and sodium benzoate
Sulpiride
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After ishemic stroke the patient was prescribed a drug to improve his intellectual functioning and memory. What drug would he obtain in the pharmacy?
Tabex (Cytisine)
Piracetam
-
Metoclopramide
Diphenin (Phenytoin)
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A patient with a small cut on the palm came to the dispensing chemist. What antiseptic would be advisable in this case?
Ketoconazole
Flemoxin (Amoxicillin)
Lidocaine hydrochloride
Doxycycline hydrochloride
Hydrogen peroxide
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Mother of a 10-year-old child came to the pharmacy to obtain a drug for prevention of upper respiratory tract infections. What drug would be recommended by the dispensing chemist?
Benzoteph
Tetracycline
Interferon
Carvedilol
Doxorubicin
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A patient came to the pharmacy to obtain an antidiarrheal agent. What drug would be recommended by the dispensing chemist?
Picolax (Sodium picosulfate)
Anesthesin (Benzocaine)
Ranitidine
Dicaine (Tetracaine)
Loperamide
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A patient came to the pharmacy to obtain a drug that contains pancreatic enzymes and can be taked for chronic pancreatitis. What drug would be recommended by the dispensing chemist?
Omeprazole
Triamcinolone
Pirenzepine
Gordox (Aprotinin)
Pancreatine
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Increased concentration of active oxygen forms is a mechanism of pathogenesis in a number of diseases. To prevent this process, antioxidants are prescribed. Select an antioxidant from the list below:
Cobalamine
Calciferol
Glucose
α-tocopherol
Glicerol
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A 28-year-old man with peptic ulcer of the stomach was prescribed a drug that inhibits gastric juice secretion. Specify this drug:
Omeprazole
Duphalac (Lactulose)
Fenofibrate
Lidocaine
Ethacrynic acid
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An engine driver complains of his seasonal allergy symptoms. What nonsedating drug should be prescribed in this case?
Fenofibrate
Loratadine
Novocaine
Analgine (Metamizole)
Atenolol
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Salicylic acid derivatives are widely used in medicine. Specify the formula of salicylic acid:
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When an isolatedsystem spontaneously approaches its equilibrium, its entropy:
Approaches infinity
Reaches maximum
Demonstrates linear magnification
Approaches zero
Reaches minimum
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A pharmacy produces a batch of vials with physiological saline for injections. How should they be sterilized?
Ultraviolet irradiation
In a dry heat sterilizer
X-ray irradiation
Under pressure in an autoclave
In a steam-jacketed autoclave chamber
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A certain dioecious plant commonly grows at the forest edge. It is a shrub with thorned sprouts. Its fruit is a round black coenocarpous drupe (pyrenarium) with 3-4 seeds. Name this plant:
Hippophae rhamnoides
Sambucus nigra
Rosa canina
Crataegus sanguinea
Rhamnus cathartica
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Choose the weakest carboxylic acid basing on its pKa value:
Lactic acid (рКа = 3.9)
Butyric acid (рКа = 4.82)
Formic acid (рКа = 3.7)
Acetic acid (рКа = 4.7)
Propionic acid (рКа = 4.9)
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Which of the amines listed below is a primary amine?
C6H5NHCH3
C6H5CH2N(CH3)2
C6H5CH2NHCH3
C6H5CH2NH2
C6H5N(CH3)2
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It can be safely assumed that the infants born from the mothers with the history of measles will not be affected by the measles outbreak during their stay in the maternity ward. What classes of antibodies provide the infants with the resistance to this disease?
IgA
IgE
IgM
IgD
IgG
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The children attending a kindergarten were hospitalized with diagnosis of poliomyelitis. What was the route of infection transmission in this case?
Direct contact transmission
Alimentary transmission
Fecal-oral transmission
Vector-borne transmission
Transmission via airborne dust particles
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What ion increases osmotic pressure in the focus of inflammation?
Fluorine
Calcium
Potassium
Chlorine
Magnesium
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A 55-year-old man came to a doctor with complaints of acute pain in his big toes. Meat and wine are a permanent fixture in his diet. The doctor suspects gout. What substance must be measured in the patient’s blood to confirm this diagnosis?
Ketone bodies
Bilirubin
Lactate
Urea
Uric acid
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Name the process of cell membrane saturation with a fat-like substance suberin:
Suberization
Mucification
Mineralization
Lignification
Cutinization
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Specify the analgesic that affects opiate receptors and can cause development of tolerance and dependence:
Voltaren (Diclofenac sodium)
Phenobarbital
Haloperidol
Medazepam
Morphine
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During furosemide therapy of a patient with chronic edematous syndrome, his plasma-cation concentration was disturbed. What drug should be used in this case?
Potassium chloride
Ascorutin (Ascorbic acid + Rutoside)
Magne B6
Aspirin
Thiamine bromide
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Upon examination the ophthalmologist diagnosed a 21-year-old woman with visual impairment - hemeralopia (”night blindness”). What drug should this patient take to restore her vision?
Cholecalciferol
Ergocalciferol
Suprastin (Chloropyramine)
Sustac forte (Nitroglycerin)
Retinol acetate
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What bonds participate in creation of both linear and cyclic dimeric carboxylic acid associates?
Polar covalent bonds
Nonpolar covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Ionic bonds
Donor-acceptor bonds
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Heating of sodium phenolate in CO2 stream results in production of a certain carboxylic acid. Name the resulting compound:
Aminophenol
Ethyl salicylate
Phenyl salicylate
Salicylic acid
Benzoic acid
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Which alkadiene of those listed below is a diene with cumulated double bonds?
CH2 = C = CH2
CH2 = CH −CH2−CH2−CH = CH2
CH3 − CH = CH − CH2 − CH = CH2
CH2 = CH − CH2 − CH = CH2
CH2 = CH − CH = CH2
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What compound will be produced as the result of toluene chlorination in the presence of FeCl3 catalyst?
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Select α-maltose from the list:
α-D-glucopyranoside-β-D-fructofuranoside
4-О-(β-D-glucopyranoside)-β-Dglucopyranose
4-О-(α-D-glucopyranoside)-α-Dglucopyranose
4-О-(α-D-glucopyranoside)-β-Dglucopyranose
4-О-(β-D-glucopyranoside)-α-Dglucopyranose
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What compound is synthesized as the result of β-picoline oxidation?
Uric acid
Ascorbic acid
Benzoic acid
Nicotinic acid
Barbituric acid
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Specify quinoline among the compounds given below:
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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12
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14
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