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What titrimetric method of analysis requires the use of both external and internal indicators?
Permanganatometry
Complexometric titration
Nitritometry
Alkalimetry
Argentometry
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By means of photoelectrocolorimetric analysis the concentration of the following can be determined:
Optically active substance
Any type of solution
Colored solution
Turbid solution
Colorless solution
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A patient suffers from Down’s disease that manifests as mental retardation, shortness of stature, pathologically short fingers and toes, and eyes with mongoloid slant. Karyotype analysis revealed trisomy 21. What group of diseases does this pathology belong to?
Gametopathy
Chromosomal disorders
Molecular genetic disease
Fetopathy
Blastopathy
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Knowing the temperature of phase transformation under a certain pressure is extremely important in the process of drugs manufacturing. This temperature can be calculated using the:
Gibbs’ phase rule
Konovalov’s laws
Trouton’s rule
Clausius-Clapeyron equation
Mendeleev-Clapeyron equation
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At the triple point on the water phase diagram, water is:
A monovariant system
An invariant system
A trivariant system
A quadrivariant system
A bivariant system
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Bioavailability of a powder depends on the degree of comminution of the substance. The following value must be measured:
Particle mass
Concentration
Solution density
Particle volume
Dispersion
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A patient with gout was prescribed allopurinol - a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Xanthine oxidase is a terminal enzyme of catabolism of:
Heteropolysaccharides
Purine nucleotides
Glycoproteins
Higher fatty acids
Phospholipids
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Many drugs must be manufactured under strictly aseptic conditions. One such possible source of microbiological contamination of drugs is laboratory glassware. What method should be used to sterilize the glassware?
Boiling
Pasteurization
Tyndallization
Dry heat
Ignition
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To determine qualitative content of a drug, the drug sample was processed with 2M solution of HCl. White precipitate soluble in aqueous ammonia solution was formed. This analytical effect indicates the presence of the following cations:
Tin(II)
Silver(I)
Mercury(I)
Lead(II)
Mercury(II)
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Name the process of spontaneous adhesion of drops in an emulsion to each other:
Coalescence
Flocculation
Flotation
Sedimentation
Coagulation
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Inheritable genetic disorders can result in disturbed enzyme synthesis in the human body. What enzyme deficiency results in disturbed break-up of lactose:
Invertase
Lipase
Maltase
Peptidase
Lactase
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To treat the patients with purulent wounds, a dressing with a certain immobilized enzyme is used. Name this enzyme:
Catalase
Tripsin
Acid phosphatase
Arginase
Alkaline phosphatase
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Cerebrospinal fluid of a patient diagnosed with meningitis was taken for analysis. To detect the causative agent the sample was inoculated in a nutrient medium. Prior to that a serum had been added to the medium. What causative agent is expected to be obtained in this case?
Meningococcus
Staphylococcus
Rickettsia
Viruses
Mycobacteria
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Hormones regulate numerous metabolic processes. What hormone activates glycogen synthesis?
Insulin
Adrenaline
Vasopressin
Thyroxine
Oxytocin
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A structural analog of vitamin PP (nicotinic acid) is used as an antituberculous medicine. Name this medicine:
Aspirin
Tetracycline
Riboflavin
Isoniazid
Streptocide
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A food plant of Polygonaceae family is being studied. The plant has reddish stalk, cordate-sagittate leaves, its fruit is a trihedral nutlet. Name this plant:
Polygonum aviculare
Persicaria bistorta
Rumex confertus
Fagopyrum esculentum
Persicaria hydropiper
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Microscopy of subterranean organs of an Аsteraceae family plant shows articulated laticifers with anastomoses filled with white latex. It is characterisic of the following plant:
Taraxacum officinale
Helianthus annuus
Achillea millefolium
Artemisia absinthium
Bidens tripartitа
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The defensive mechanisms against some infectious diseases can be greatly reinforced with interferon. Interferon preparations will be the most advisable in cases of the following type of infections:
Helminthic
Viral
Microbioses
Protozoal
Fungal
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A chemotherapeutic agent has bactericidal effect against streptococci, staphylococci, bacilli, and clostridia. According to its action spectrum this drug belongs to the following group:
Broad spectrum antifungal agents
Narrow spectrum antibacterial agents
Broad spectrum antibacterial agents
Antituberculous agents
Antiviral agents
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It is known that in plants the synthesis of secondary reserve starch occurs in:
Chromoplasts
Elaioplasts
Amyloplasts
Proteinoplasts
Chloroplasts
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A patient has developed anuria. Blood pressure is 50/20 mm Hg. What process of uropoiesis was disturbed resulting in acute decrease of urine output?
-
Facultative reabsorption
Tubular secretion
Obligate reabsorption
Glomerular filtration
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A 12-year-old boy is of short stature, but his mental development corresponds with that of his age group. What hormone deficiency is the most likely to cause this pathology?
Oxytocin
Adrenaline
Vasopressin
Insulin
Somatotropin
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A 10-year-old child has height of 178 cm and body mass of 67 kg. These presentations are caused by the functional disturbance of the:
Adrenal glands
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
Pituitary gland
Gonads
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A certain infection leads to fetus malformation if a pregnant woman is affected. What vaccine should be used for prevention of this infection?
Mumps vaccine
Rubella virus vaccine
Poliovirus vaccine
Influenza virus vaccine
Antirabic vaccine
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Quantitative content of hydrogen peroxide can be determined by means of the following self-indicator method:
Iodometry
Argentometry
Bromatometry
Permanganatometry
Nitritometry
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Coumarins, vitamin K antagonists, suppress the processes of blood coagulation. What protein synthesis is blocked by coumarins?
Albumin
Prothrombin
Gamma globulin
Ceruloplasmin
Transferrin
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HIV-infection occupational risk groups include people of various professions, healthcare workers included. Specify the mosl likely route of infection transmission for healthcare workers:
Droplet transmission
Vector-borne transmission
Transmission via airborne dust particles
Fecal-oral transmission
Parenteral transmission
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Microbial survival within environment is facilitated by spore formation. What microorganisms of those listed below are spore formers:
Clostridia
Peptococci
Peptostreptococci
Bacteroides
Staphylococci
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Synthesis of a medicinal substance occurs in an isolated system. What is a direction criterion of spontaneous processes?
Gibbs energy
Entropy change
Intrinsic energy
Helmholtz energy
Enthalpy
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An enzyme transports structure fragments from one substrate into another.
Name this class of enzymes:
Ligases
Isomerases
Hydrolases
Oxidoreductases
Transferases
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A patient with high risk of hemorrhages is recommended to take vicasol (menadione) by his physician. This drug is the structural analog of:
Vitamin A
Vitamin K
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B5
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Enzymes are widely used as drugs in pharmacy. What is the main feature that separates enzymes from non-biological catalysts?
Low universality
High dispersion
High specificity and selectivity
High universality
High homogeneity
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Any damage to the patient’s vessels results in persistent hemorrhage. Blood clotting factor VIII is deficient in the patient’s blood. What disease does this patient suffer from?
Acute vascular purpura
Hemophilia
Thrombocytopenic purpura
Anemia
Radiation sickness
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Name the structural unit of a colloidal solution of a medicinal substance:
Zwitterion
Atom
Ion
Molecule
Micelle
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Protein structure includes proteinogenic amino acids. What is the position of the amino group in the structure of these amino acids?
γ-position
α-position
δ-position
β-position
ε-position
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To induce diabetes mellitus in a rabbit, β-cells of pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) were selectively damaged with alloxan. What method of diabetes induction was used in this experiment?
Introduction of enzymes, hormones
Isolated organs
Irritation
Shutdown
Stimulation
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A sample section of an axial body shows a complex consisting of phellogen and its derivatives - cork and phelloderm. Name this tissue:
Sclerenchyma
Colenchyma
Periderm
Epidermis
Epiblema
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The Mohr method is used to determine mass concentration of sodium chloride in an isotonic solution. Titration is carried out with the following indicator:
Ammonium iron(III) sulfate
Potassium chromate
Fluorescein
Diphenylcarbazone
Ferroin
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A patient presents with persistent tachycardia, exophthalmos, high excitability, increased basal metabolic rate. What disorder can lead to the development of this syndrome?
Adrenal hypofunction
Hypoparathyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypothyroidism
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Racemose clusters of calcium carbonate crystals are detected among the waste products of a protoplast. These crystals are:
Styloid crystals
Crystal druses
Raphides
Isolated crystals
Cystoliths
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After the pus sample taken from the urethra had been inoculated on ascitic agar, it resulted in growth of round transparent colonies. Microscopy of the colonies shows gram-negative kidney bean-shaped diplococci. What causative agent is it?
Meningococcus
Streptococcus
Pneumococcus
Micrococcus
Gonococcus
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Laboratories of various specialization use the following method to determine general water hardness of potable water:
Precipitation
Acidimetry
Alkalimetry
Complexometric titration
Oxidimetry
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Name the reaction producing a goldenyellow precipitate (”golden rain” reaction):
Precipitation of PbI2
Precipitation of HgI2
Precipitation of PbCl2
Precipitation of AgI
Precipitation of Hg2I2
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Name the reactions and reagents that under certain conditions allow determination of certain ions in the presence of other ions:
Specific
Characteristic
Selective
General
Group
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In Friedel-Crafts alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons the following substance is used as the catalyst:
Pt
PCl5
Alcoholic NaOH solution
Anhydrous AlCl3
Cr2O3
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What compound of those listed below is a condensed arene?
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How does increasing temperature affects physical adsorption of substances?
Decreases
Increases
Decreases in heterogeneous systems
Transforms into chemical adsorption
Increases in homogeneous systems
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Gelatin expands the most in the following solvent:
Ethanol
Benzene
Diethyl ether
Acetic acid solution
Water
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Azo dyes are produced as the result of:
Nitrosation
Azo coupling
Amination
Nitration
Diazotization
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What reaction results in production of phthalic anhydride?
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What drug is produced as the result of reaction between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride?
Phenyl salicylate
Salicylamide
Benzyl salicylate
Aspirin
Sodium salicylate
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Glucose oxidation with a potent oxidizing agent (concentrated HNO3) results in production of:
D-glucuronic acid
D-arabinaric acid
D-galactaric (mucic) acid
D-gluconic acid
D-glucaric acid
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A patient, who lives in the area with specific geochemical conditions, was diagnosed with endemic goiter. What microelement deficiency results in development of this pathology?
Cl
Na
I
Br
F
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An oncological patient was prescribed fluorouracil that is a competitive inhibitor of thymidine synthase. It inhibits the process of:
Purine nucleotides synthesis
Carbohydrate disintegration
Purine nucleotides disintegration
Lipids synthesis
Pyrimidine nucleotides synthesis
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During assessment of air purity in an aseptic unit of a phamacy, sedimentation analysis had been applied. Test resulted in growth of the small colonies with areas of hemolysis. What medium was used for inoculation?
Egg-yolk salt agar
Blood agar
Endo agar
Ploskirev’s agar
Levine’s formulation (Eosin Methylene Blue agar)
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According to van’t Hoff rule, when the temperature is raised by 10 degrees, the reaction rate increases by:
10 times
5 times
1.5 times
2-4 times
Temperature does not affect reaction rate
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What standard solution can be used to standardize the solution of I2?
Sodium nitrite solution
Potassium iodide solution
Potassium permanganate solution
Sodium thiosulfate solution
Potassium dichromate solution
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Catalysts are widely used in production of drugs. How can reaction acceleration in the presence of a catalyst be explained?
Activation energy increases
Molecule speed increases
Total collision frequency increases
Activation energy decreases
Collision frequency decreases
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On examination the patient’s sclera and oral mucosa are icteric. What biochemical blood value can be expected to be increased?
Albumin
Cholesterol
Amylase
Glucose
Bilirubin
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Microorganisms in the environment are being affected by various physical factors. What is the effect of high temperature on a microbial cell?
Irreversible degradation of all cellular structures
Albuminolysis
Transition into anabiosis state
Fats saponification
Mutagenic effect
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Extreme therapeutic effect of activated carbon is due to its high specific surface area. Name the phenomenon when gases are absorbed only by the surface of a solid body:
Adsorption
Adhesion
Desorption
Cohesion
Recuperation
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Pastes are used in medicine to treat skin diseases. What type of disperse systems are they?
Foams
Emulsions
Aerosols
Suspensions
Powders
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In photometric analysis the series of 6-8 standard solutions is used:
To choose optical filter
To build a calibration curve
To assess determination method
To simplify working method
To choose cuvettes
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Ammonium iron(III) sulfate can be used as an indicator in:
Alkalimetry
Argentometry, Mohr method
Complexometric titration
Acidimetry
Argentometry, Volhard method
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Quantitative determination of iodine is done by means of:
Redox titration
Complexometric titration
Acidimetry
Alkalimetry
Precipitation titration
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Separation of substances in chromatography is based on the ability of solutes:
To distribute between two stationary phases
To dissolve
To distribute between the mobile and stationary phases
To precipitate
To distribute between two mobile phases
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Quantitative content of oxalic acid can be determined by means of permanganatometry. How to determine equivalence point for this kind of titration?
With redox indicator diphenylamine
With pH indicator
With adsorption indicator
With specific indicator
When titrate changes its color after another drop of process solution is added
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Surfactants and high-molecular compounds are added into concentrated emulsions to stabilize them. These substances are:
Emulsifiers
Catalysts
Solvents
Absorbents
Activators
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Reaction of benzene sulfonation produces:
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Choose the reaction of ester production among those listed below: A.
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A 25-year-old man has an appointment with the dentist. Several minutes after his oral cavity was lavaged with furacilin (nitrofurazone) the patient developed significant labial edema. What type of allergic reaction is observed in this case?
Stimulated
Anaphylactic
Cytolytic
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Immune complex
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A patient with gastric carcinoma has undergone several courses of radiation therapy. What system is the first to become functionally disturbed after the body was exposed to ionizing radiation?
Digestive
Blood
Respiratory
Nervous
Urinary
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A patient with acute myocardial infarction received anticoagulation therapy. What compound will have anticoagulation effect?
Heparin
Hyaluronic acid
Dermatan sulfate
Keratan sulfate
Chondroitin sulfate
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Specify what method of redox titration requires the use of specific indicator - starch - to fix the end point:
Permanganatometry
Bromatometry
Nitritometry
Iodometry
Cerimetry
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Causative agents of infectious diseases can be carried both by humans and animals. Name the group of infections that affect animals and can be passed onto humans:
Sapronoses
Anthroponoses
Zoonoses
Mixed
Zooanthroponoses
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During regular check-up a patient presents with enlarged thyroid gland, exophthalmos, increased body temperature, heart rate up to 110/min. What hormone should be measured in the patient’s blood in this case?
Cortisol
Insulin
Glucagon
Thyroxin
Testosterone
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A fruit tree of Rosaceae family has short thorny shoots; the fruit is a distinctivelyshaped pome with stone cells in its pulp. Name this plant:
Prunus spinosa
Cerasus vulgaris
Malus sylvestris
Prunus armeniaca
Pyrus communis
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Pharmacopoeia reaction to determine benzoate ions requires interaction with the solution of:
Iron(III) chloride
Resorcin
Potassium chloride
Diphenylamine
Acetic anhydride
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What solution can be used to detrmine the presence of chloride ions in the potable water?
Iodine
Silver nitrate
Ammonia
Sodium hydroxide
Potassium bromate
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Insulin production in β-cells involves many substances. What substance gives the main signal for insulin synthesis when its concentration changes?
Glucose
Urea
Hemoglobin
Carbon dioxide
Heparin
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Specify the substance that results from the following reaction: ?
Propanal
Acetic acid
Ethanol
Propanone
Ethanal
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An ophthalmologist has detected increased time of dark adaptation in a patient. What vitamin deficiency can result in such symptom?
B1
A
K
B6
C
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Morphologically the herbaceous plant being studied can be identified as Convallaria majalis. To confirm this conclusion additionally, a leaf of this plant was examined under the microscope and a search for the following crystalline inclusions was conducted:
Druse crystals
Raphides
Styloid crystals
Single crystals
Crystal sand
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What type of conducting bundle is characteristic of primary anatomical structure of a root?
Closed collateral
Concentric
Open collateral
Bicollateral
Radial
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Calendula officinalis as a representative of Asteraceae family can be characterized by the following type of inflorescence:
Catkin
Corymb
Anthodium
Umbel
Capitulum
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In the age of 5 months the child had measles antibodies in the blood. By the age of 1 year these antibodies disappeared from the child’s blood. Why were these antibodies present in the child’s blood?
Artificial immunity
Acquired natural active immunity
Acquired natural passive immunity
Non-specific resistance
Innate immunity
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A Gram stained smear shows large oval violet cells that form pseudomycelium. Name these microorganisms:
Candida fungi
Penicillium fungi
Mucor fungi
Actinomycetales
Plasmodium vivax
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Herbarium specimens of medicinal plants are being studied. Which one of them belongs to Rosaceae family?
Capsella bursa-pastoris
Conium maculatum
Melilotus officinalis
Crataegus sanguinea
Polygonum persicaria
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When working in the garden, a man accidentally cut his hand. The wound remained untreated. Shortly after that the wounded area developed inflammation with accumulation of exudate that contained numerous viable and degenerate neutrophils. What type of exudate is it?
Serous
Catarrhal
Fibrinous
Hemorrhagic
Purulent
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A patient presents with persistent fever, with the difference between evening and morning temperature not exceeding 1oC. What type of fever curve is present in this patient?
Intermittent
Recurrent
Continuous
Remittent
Hectic
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Natural peptides can carry out various functions. What bioactive peptide is a major antioxidant and functions as a coenzyme?
Oxytocin
Glutathione
Anserine
Liberin
Bradykinin
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Gout develops when purine nucleotide metabolism is disturbed. The doctor prescribed the patient allopurinol that is a competitive inhibitor of:
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Xanthine oxidase
Hexokinase
Lactate dehydrogenase
Succinate dehydrogenase
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Name the serums made from blood donated by volunteers or reconvalescent donors:
Homologous
Corpuscular
Heterologous
Autoimmune
Attenuated
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During skill building session in the field of microbiology, a student performed inoculation of microorganisms into the solid nutrient medium to obtain isolated colonies. How should inoculation loops be sterilized after that?
Dry heat sterilization under 160oC for 120-150 minutes
Formaldehyde vapor sterilization
Boiling under 60oC five times
Soaking in 1% chloramine-B solution
Heating in the burner flame
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A dry-heat box is used for sterilization of various materials and instruments in a bacteriological laboratory. This sterilization method can be applied to the following objects:
Rubber gloves
Wire inoculating loops
Simple nutrient medium
Physiological saline
Glass test tubes
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A specialist of the analytical laboratory performs direct iodometric determination of ascorbic acid. What indicator is used in this case?
Diphenylamine
Methyl orange
Starch
Methyl red
Phenolphthalein
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A certain herbaceous plant grows on the meadows of the Carpathian Mountains. It has orange anthodium inflorescences, upright stem, and a rosette of basal leaves. Name this plant:
Arnica montana
Echinacea purpurea
Centaurea cyanus
Calendula officinalis
Cychorium intybus
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What indicator is used for fixing the endpoint of mercurimetric titration?
Murexide
Potassium chromate
Eosin
Fluorescein
Thiocyanate complexes of iron(III)
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Ultraviolet irradiation is used in medicine in various physiotherapeutic procedures. What mechanism of medicinal action is characteristic of ultraviolet rays?
Activation of lipid peroxidation
Activation of vitamin D synthesis
Intensification of cell division
Decrease of melanin synthesis in the skin
Activation of drug action
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Human body assimilates fats only as emulsions. Vegetable oils and animal fats contained in food are emulsified when exposed to bile (an emulsifier). How does interface tension change in this case?
Decreases
First increases, than decreases
Remains unchanged
First decreases, than increases
Increases
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A patient has a gallstone lodged in the common bile duct, which blocks bile supply to the intestine. What digestive process will be disturbed in this case?
Protein absorption
Carbohydrate absorption
Carbohydrate digestion
Fat digestion
Protein digestion
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You are studying a silvery downy plant of Asteraceae family, which is rich in essential oils and bitters. Harvested are the apical sprouts with a panicle of small round flower heads. This plant is:
Calendula officinalis
Arctium lappa
Bidens tripartita
Chamomilla recutita
Artemisia absinthium
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A 46-year-old patient presents with hyperactivity of creatine kinase in his blood serum. What pathology can be suspected?
Myocardial infarction
Hemolytic anemia
Acute pancreatitis
Chronic hepatitis
Renal failure
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Among dosage forms there are numerous disperse systems. Select a free disperse system from the list:
Jelly
Gel
Diaphragm
Emulsion
Membrane
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How according to the Pharmacopoeia is pH determined?
Conductometry
Potentiometry
Indicator
Polarography
Spectrophotometry
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A patient is pale, has goose bumps and chills. What stage of fever is it characteristic of?
Latent stage
Temperature decrease
Continuous fever
Compensation
Temperature increase
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Ascarids were detected in a sick child. What changes in leukogram will be the most characteristic of helminthiasis?
Monocytosis
Neutrophilia
Basophilia
Eosinophilia
Lymphocytosis
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A man received a radiation dose of 30 Gy. He presents with necrotic angina and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Blood tests revealed anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. What stage of acute radiation sickness is observed in the patient?
Latent stage
Prodromal stage
Manifest illness stage
Recovery
-
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Neuroleptanalgesia has been applied in a case of cardiac infarction. What neuroleptic is most often administered along with fentanyl?
Sulpiride
Perphenazine (Aethaperazinum)
Clozapine
Levomepromazine
Droperidol
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Select the halogenated antiseptic that would be preferable for a child to pack in the first aid kit, when going to a summer camp:
Iodine alcoholic solution
Copper sulfate
Methylene blue
Formaldehyde solution
Brilliant green
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A patient, who was prescribed famotidine to treat peptic ulcer disease, came to the pharmacy. What is this drug’s mechanism of action?
Inhibition of hydrogen potassium ATPase
Ganglionic receptor blockade
H1-histamine receptor blockade
H2-histamine receptor blockade
Muscarinic receptor blockade
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What is represented by such a pharmacokinetic value of a drug as its biological half-life (T1/2)?
Time period in which plasma drug concentration decreases by 50%
Period of total body clearance
Correlation between the drug clearance rate and plasma drug concentration
Renal clearance rate
Blood plasma volume cleared of drug within a time unit
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A doctor needs to prescribe the patient a drug for replacement therapy after thyreoidectomy. What drug would you recommend?
L-thyroxine
Thiamazole
Parathyroidin
Insulin
Prednisolone
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What is the main mechanism of benzylpenicillin bactericidal action on the coccal flora?
Disturbed cytoplasmic membrane permeability
Inhibition of protein synthesis
Activation of macroorganism immune system
Disturbed synthesis of microbial cell wall
Increased phagocytic activity of leukocytes
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What mucolytic agent would you recommend for the patient with acute bronchitis to facilitate expectoration?
Hydrocodone
Libexin (Prenoxdiazine)
Glaucine
Codeine
Acetylcysteine
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A patient with allergic dermatitis came to the hospital. What anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic drug must be prescribed in this case?
Ethamide
Prednisolone
Insulin
Oxytocin
Retabolil (Nandrolone)
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A patient with bronchial asthma was prescribed a drug with the mechanism of action that is primarily based on the stimulation of β2 adrenergic receptors. Name this drug:
Adrenaline hydrochloride
Clonidine
Droperidol
Salbutamol
Isadrine (Isoprenaline)
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Name the ability of a drug to accumulate within the patient’s body:
Antagonism
Allergy
Synergism
Cumulation
Habituation
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What pharmacological effect of acetylsalicylic acid allows its application in patients with ischemic heart disease for prevention of thromboses?
Anti-inflammatory
Ulcerogenic
Antiaggregant
Analgesic
Antipyretic
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A 48-year-old patient has been intravenously administered prednisolone solution to arrest severe attack of bronchial asthma. What group of hormonal agents does prednisolone belong to?
Gestagenic drugs
Mineralocorticoid
Anabolic steroids
Glucocorticoids
Estrogenic drugs
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A doctor has prescribed a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug to relieve inflammation and pain syndrome. Name this drug:
Prednisolone
Glibenclamide
Loratadine
Diclofenac sodium
Calcium chloride
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A patient suffers from hyperchromic B12-deficiency anemia. What vitamin preparation should be prescribed in this case?
Vicasol (Menadione)
Retinol acetate
Thiamine chloride
Riboflavin
Cyanocobalamin
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To stimulate birth activity, a certain neurohypophyseal hormone is used. Name this hormone:
Glucagon
Thyroxine
Oxytocin
Insulin
Testosterone
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Sanitary microbiological investigation of potable water has detected coliphages.
What conclusion can be made about the sanitary-hygienic status of this water?
The water is for industrial use only
Artesian water
The water is safe to drink
The water is safe to drink after boiling
Fecal contamination
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After a traffic accident the driver presents with increased blood glucose. What mechanism leads to hyperglycemia in this case?
Sympathoadrenal system activation
Increased production of somatotropic hormone
Decreased production of glucagon
Decreased tone of parasympathetic nervous system
Decreased production of insulin
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Quantitative determination of iodides by Fajans method is performed with adsorption indicators. The following can be used as an adsorption indicator:
Methyl orange
Eosin
Phenolphthalein
Diphenylamine
Murexide
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Pharmacopoeia reaction of potassium ferrocyanide with zinc cations produces:
Violet precipitate
Red precipitate
Black precipitate
Yellow precipitate
White precipitate
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Rapid analysis of benzoate ions by means of Pharmacopoeia reaction with iron(III) chloride produces:
Green precipitate
Red precipitate
Blue precipitate
Pink-yellow precipitate
Black precipitate
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The following is used to determine the titrant volume in the process of titrimetric analysis:
Measuring tubes
Cylinders
Measuring flasks
Burettes
Measuring glasses
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A dissected flower has numerous stamens that are united by the stamen filaments into several bundles. What is this type of androecium?
Didynamous
Monadelphous
Diadelphous
Tetradynamous
Polyadelphous
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Upon examination of a flower it is determined to have one pistil made up of single free carpel. Therefore, this gynoecium can be identified as:
Paracarpous
Lysicarpous
Apocarpous
Monocarpous
Syncarpous
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Examination of a 45-year-old man, who for a long time kept to a vegetarian plantbased diet, revealed him to have negative nitrogen balance. What peculiarity of his diet has caused such developments?
Excessive water content
Insufficient protein content
Insufficient fat content
Insufficient vitamin content
Excessive carbohydrate content
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After severe emotional strain a 53year-old man suddenly developed acute pain in the heart area, which irradiates to the left hand, to the neck, and under the left scapula. He noted numbness of his left hand. His face is pale and covered in cold sweat. Nitroglycerine administration stopped the pain attack after 10 minutes had passed. What is the most likely disease in this case?
Myocardial infarction
Angina pectoris
Stroke
Somatoform autonomic dysfunction
Pulmonary embolism
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According to the Pharmacopoeia, molecular weight of a high-molecular substance should be determined by means of:
Potentiometry
Viscometry
Nephelometry
Cryometry
Osmometry
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In the process of coagulation by mixtures of different electrolytes, they seem to counteract each other’s effect. Name this phenomenon:
Antagonism
Sedimentation
Mutual coagulation
Synergism
Additivity
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One of the important diagnostic features of garden sage and motherwort is their shape of corolla. Their flowers have the following type of corolla:
Bilabiate
Thimble-shaped
Ligulate
Pseudoligulate
Funnelform
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Investigation of bacterial contamination of indoor air in a pharmacy takes into account the total number of microorganisms present in a certain air volume, as well as qualitative content of indoor air microflora. Name the sanitary-indicative microorganisms for indoor air:
Fungi and yeasts
Sarcina
Colibacillus
Staphylococcus and streptococcus
Chromobacterium
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During ultrasound investigation a patient was diagnosed with bilateralrenal artery stenosis of atherosclerotic genesis. Specify the bioactive substance that due to its excessive secretion is the key component of arterial hypertension pathogenesis in the given case:
Noradrenaline
Renin
Cortisol
Vasopressin
Thyroxin
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Preliminary disinfection of air and working surfaces of the equipment was conducted in the operating room of the surgical inpatient unit. What method of sterilization would be the most advisable in this case?
Irradiation sterilization
Flowing steam
Ultraviolet irradiation
High-frequency current
Formaldehyde vapor
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A patient was prescribed losartan for treatment of arterial hypertension. What mechanism of action does this drug have?
Calcium channel blockade
Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme
Angiotensin-receptor blockade
Activation of central α-adrenoceptors
Inhibition of phosphodiesterase
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Select the hepatoprotective drugs from the list below:
Allochol, Cholenzym
Oxaphenamide (Osalmid), Nicodin
No-Spa (drotaverine), papaverine hydrochloride
Essentiale (Phospholipides), Thiotriasoline
Festal, Panzinorm (Pancreatin)
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Hydrochloric acid was added into the solution under investigation. The resulting precipitate was filtered, then this filter cake was processed with hot water; after the filtrate cooled, KI solution was added into it. What cation was present in the solution, if the precipitate was colored yellow?
Ca2+
Ag+
Pb2+
Ba2+
Hg2+
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At the end of his shift a worker of the steel foundry felt dizziness, his body temperature increased to 38.5oC. What condition does he present with?
Hypothermia
Hyperthermia
Hypertension
Fever
Decompression
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The third analitycal group of cations (acid-base classification) includes Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+. What acid can function as a precipitator agent (group reagent) for these cations?
H2SO4
CH3COOH
HCI
HCIO4
HNO3
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Students should identify the following to determine the sex of a flower:
Symmetry
Pedicle and receptacle
Flower cup and corolla
Stamens and pistils
Color and type of indumentum
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In spring a perennial plant of Asteraceae family produces floral shoots with gloden-yellow flowers. After blossomfall, shoots with large leaves appear. Name this plant:
Potentilla erecta
Tussilago farfara
Datura stramonium
Нiреriсum perforatum
Petroselinum crispum
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Ultramicroscopy is used to determine the radius of dispersed phase particles. The following should be measured to make the necessary calculations:
Time interval in which a tagged particle travels a certain distance
Intensity of transmitted light
Number of particles in a definite volume
Distance traveled by a tagged particle
Intensity of scattered light
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Permanganatometry is used in determination of many organic and inorganic compounds. What are the main advantages of permanganatometry over the other oxidimetric methods?
Sufficiently high redox potential; it is possible to determine titration end-point without indicator
Various types of indicators can be used; in some cases catalysts are necessary to accelerate the reaction
Pure potassium permanganate is easily available and obtainable
High selectivity and sensitivity when determining compounds
Sufficiently high stability of potassium permanganate and its solutions
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Many organic compounds break up in the cell into simple products. What compounds break up into ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water in the human body?
Fatty acids
Keto acids
Monosaccharides
Amino acids
Monohydric alcohols
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A fruit is a capsule with oblate light brown smooth glossy seeds that mucify when moistened. This fruit belongs to:
Ledum palustre
Linum usitatissimum
Linaria vulgaris
Digitalis purpurea
Hypericum perforatum
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What substance forms colloid solution when dissolved in water?
Potassium gluconate
Silver nitrate
Collargol
Sodium sulfate
Sucrose
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Paracetamol has antipyretic and analgesic effect. In the human body it is neutralized in the following organ:
Lungs
Liver
Spleen
Intestine
Heart
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Rhizome of an Asteraceae family species is polycephalous, succulent, has lysigenous cavities, accumulates inulin. Such underground organ is characterisic of:
Inula helenium
Helianthus annuus
Digitalis grandiflora
Sorbus aucuparia
Hyoscyamus niger
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Silver nitrate solution was added into a solution with anions of the first analytical group. A yellow precipitate was produced as the result, which indicates that this solution contained:
Sulfate ions
Iodide ions
Arsenite ions
Bromide ions
Arsenate ions
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Some medicinal plants are poisonous. Select a poisonous plant from the list below:
Thymus serpilum
Origaum vulgare
Salvia officinalis
Thymus vulgaris
Digitalis purpurea
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What cation can be detected with Chugaiev’s agent (Dimethylglyoxime)?
Mn2+
+
Co2+
Ni2+
Ca2+
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A patient in the state of ketoacidotic coma presents with loud rapid respiration: labored expiration with tension of expiratory muscles occurs after deep inspiration.
Name this type of pathologic respiration:
Kussmaul’s
Gasping
Biot’s
Cheyne-Stokes’
Stenotic
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In a nursery-garden some medicinal plants developed signs of a disease: there are yellow spots and necrotic foci on the leaves. Sap of the diseased plants remained infectious even after passing through a bacteria-excluding filter. No microorganisms growth was detected on the nutrient medium. What microorganisms could be the cause of this disease?
Fungi
Mycoplasma
Viruses
Ray fungi
Bacteria
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A laboratory received ethanol and methanol. What reaction can be used to distinguish between these two substances?
Iodoform test (I2 + NaOH)
Oxidation (CrO3, H2SO4)
Formation of a chelate complex with copper hydroxide
Beilstein test
Reaction with halogen anhydrides of inorganic acids
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Select pyridine from the listed compounds:
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Specify the products of urea hydrolysis:
CO2 + N2 +3H2
CO2 +2NH3
CO +2NH3
CO + N2 +3H2
CO2 + N2 +3H2O
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Specify the products obtained as the result of formic acid being heated with concentrated sulfuric acid:
CO + H2
CO2 + H2O
CO + H2O
CO2 + H2
CO + CO2 + H2O
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Transformation C2H4 (alkene) −→ C2H6 (alkane) occurs during the following reaction:
Hydration
Hydrogenation
Dimerization
Dehydration
Dehydrogenation
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Hydrolysis reaction will NOT occur with:
Glycerol
Fat
Starch
Protein
Cellulose
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What reaction proves that phenol has acidic properties?
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Select ketose from the monosaccharides listed below:
Ribose
Mannose
Glucose
Arabinose
Fructose
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According to Hueckel’s rule an organic compound will have aromatic properties if:
Its molecular structure contains a planar cycle with a closed conjugated system that contains (4n+2) of pi electrons, where n =
0,1,2,3, etc.
There is a cyclohexane ring in the molecule
There is only one substituent in the molecule
Its molecules are composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen atoms that form a linear carbon chain
There are condensed nuclei in the molecule
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A pharmacy has received a batch of drugs for treatment of upper respiratory tract infection. What drug is used to treat influenza?
Rimantadine
Idoxuridine
Methisazone
Doxycycline
Levamisole
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A woman complains of itching lips; they are reddened and covered in scabs and scales after she had been using new lipstick for two weeks. What allergicreactions result in this kind of disorders?
Cytotoxic
Immune complex
Stimulating
Anaphylactic
Delayed
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Choose the potent fast-acting diuretic to induce forced diuresis:
Triamterene
Acetazolamide
Spironolactone
Furosemide
Hydrochlorothiazide
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Name the psychostimulant with analeptical action, which is a purine derivative:
Tramadol
Sodium bromide
Caffeine and sodium benzoate
Sulpiride
Medazepam
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After ishemic stroke the patient was prescribed a drug to improve his intellectual functioning and memory. What drug would he obtain in the pharmacy?
Metoclopramide
-
Diphenin (Phenytoin)
Tabex (Cytisine)
Piracetam
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A patient with a small cut on the palm came to the dispensing chemist. What antiseptic would be advisable in this case?
Lidocaine hydrochloride
Ketoconazole
Doxycycline hydrochloride
Hydrogen peroxide
Flemoxin (Amoxicillin)
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Mother of a 10-year-old child came to the pharmacy to obtain a drug for prevention of upper respiratory tract infections. What drug would be recommended by the dispensing chemist?
Interferon
Carvedilol
Doxorubicin
Tetracycline
Benzoteph
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A patient came to the pharmacy to obtain an antidiarrheal agent. What drug would be recommended by the dispensing chemist?
Dicaine (Tetracaine)
Picolax (Sodium picosulfate)
Loperamide
Ranitidine
Anesthesin (Benzocaine)
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A patient came to the pharmacy to obtain a drug that contains pancreatic enzymes and can be taked for chronic pancreatitis. What drug would be recommended by the dispensing chemist?
Gordox (Aprotinin)
Pancreatine
Triamcinolone
Omeprazole
Pirenzepine
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Increased concentration of active oxygen forms is a mechanism of pathogenesis in a number of diseases. To prevent this process, antioxidants are prescribed. Select an antioxidant from the list below:
Calciferol
Cobalamine
Glucose
α-tocopherol
Glicerol
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A 28-year-old man with peptic ulcer of the stomach was prescribed a drug that inhibits gastric juice secretion. Specify this drug:
Omeprazole
Duphalac (Lactulose)
Ethacrynic acid
Fenofibrate
Lidocaine
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An engine driver complains of his seasonal allergy symptoms. What nonsedating drug should be prescribed in this case?
Novocaine
Loratadine
Atenolol
Fenofibrate
Analgine (Metamizole)
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Salicylic acid derivatives are widely used in medicine. Specify the formula of salicylic acid:
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When an isolatedsystem spontaneously approaches its equilibrium, its entropy:
Approaches infinity
Demonstrates linear magnification
Reaches minimum
Approaches zero
Reaches maximum
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A pharmacy produces a batch of vials with physiological saline for injections. How should they be sterilized?
In a steam-jacketed autoclave chamber
Under pressure in an autoclave
In a dry heat sterilizer
Ultraviolet irradiation
X-ray irradiation
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A certain dioecious plant commonly grows at the forest edge. It is a shrub with thorned sprouts. Its fruit is a round black coenocarpous drupe (pyrenarium) with 3-4 seeds. Name this plant:
Rhamnus cathartica
Sambucus nigra
Crataegus sanguinea
Rosa canina
Hippophae rhamnoides
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Choose the weakest carboxylic acid basing on its pKa value:
Formic acid (рКа = 3.7)
Acetic acid (рКа = 4.7)
Propionic acid (рКа = 4.9)
Butyric acid (рКа = 4.82)
Lactic acid (рКа = 3.9)
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Which of the amines listed below is a primary amine?
C6H5CH2NHCH3
C6H5CH2NH2
C6H5NHCH3
C6H5CH2N(CH3)2
C6H5N(CH3)2
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It can be safely assumed that the infants born from the mothers with the history of measles will not be affected by the measles outbreak during their stay in the maternity ward. What classes of antibodies provide the infants with the resistance to this disease?
IgM
IgE
IgG
IgA
IgD
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The children attending a kindergarten were hospitalized with diagnosis of poliomyelitis. What was the route of infection transmission in this case?
Transmission via airborne dust particles
Vector-borne transmission
Fecal-oral transmission
Direct contact transmission
Alimentary transmission
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What ion increases osmotic pressure in the focus of inflammation?
Potassium
Chlorine
Magnesium
Fluorine
Calcium
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A 55-year-old man came to a doctor with complaints of acute pain in his big toes. Meat and wine are a permanent fixture in his diet. The doctor suspects gout. What substance must be measured in the patient’s blood to confirm this diagnosis?
Lactate
Uric acid
Ketone bodies
Urea
Bilirubin
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Name the process of cell membrane saturation with a fat-like substance suberin:
Mucification
Suberization
Mineralization
Lignification
Cutinization
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Specify the analgesic that affects opiate receptors and can cause development of tolerance and dependence:
Voltaren (Diclofenac sodium)
Morphine
Medazepam
Haloperidol
Phenobarbital
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During furosemide therapy of a patient with chronic edematous syndrome, his plasma-cation concentration was disturbed. What drug should be used in this case?
Potassium chloride
Ascorutin (Ascorbic acid + Rutoside)
Magne B6
Thiamine bromide
Aspirin
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Upon examination the ophthalmologist diagnosed a 21-year-old woman with visual impairment - hemeralopia (”night blindness”). What drug should this patient take to restore her vision?
Cholecalciferol
Retinol acetate
Suprastin (Chloropyramine)
Sustac forte (Nitroglycerin)
Ergocalciferol
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What bonds participate in creation of both linear and cyclic dimeric carboxylic acid associates?
Polar covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Donor-acceptor bonds
Ionic bonds
Nonpolar covalent bonds
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Heating of sodium phenolate in CO2 stream results in production of a certain carboxylic acid. Name the resulting compound:
Benzoic acid
Salicylic acid
Ethyl salicylate
Phenyl salicylate
Aminophenol
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Which alkadiene of those listed below is a diene with cumulated double bonds?
CH2 = CH −CH2−CH2−CH = CH2
CH2 = CH − CH = CH2
CH2 = CH − CH2 − CH = CH2
CH3 − CH = CH − CH2 − CH = CH2
CH2 = C = CH2
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What compound will be produced as the result of toluene chlorination in the presence of FeCl3 catalyst?
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Select α-maltose from the list:
4-О-(α-D-glucopyranoside)-α-Dglucopyranose
α-D-glucopyranoside-β-D-fructofuranoside
4-О-(β-D-glucopyranoside)-β-Dglucopyranose
4-О-(β-D-glucopyranoside)-α-Dglucopyranose
4-О-(α-D-glucopyranoside)-β-Dglucopyranose
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What compound is synthesized as the result of β-picoline oxidation?
Ascorbic acid
Uric acid
Nicotinic acid
Benzoic acid
Barbituric acid
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Specify quinoline among the compounds given below:
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
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21
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