Step 1 - Pharmacy 2017

In a child-rearing facility there was an outbreak of measles. What specific urgent prophylaxis should be administered to contact UNVACCINATED children?

DPT vaccine

Isolation and treatment of infected children

Measles virus vaccine live

Gamma globulin against measles

Medical screening of the children

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Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law is the basis of molecular absorption analysis. According to this law, optical density of a solution is:

Directly proportional to layer thickness and absorption coefficient

Directly proportional to concentration and inversely proportional to layer thickness

Inversely proportional to layer thickness and concentration of a substance

Directly proportional to layer thickness and concentration of a substance

Directly proportional to concentration and inversely proportional to absorption coefficient

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Within folded parenchyma of a fir needle there are cavernous structures filled with galipot and lined with live thin-walled secretory cells. Name these structures:

Laticifers

Resin ducts

Glandules

Hydatodes

Nectar glands

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A chemotherapeutic agent has bactericidal effect against streptococci, staphylococci, bacilli, and clostridia. According to its action spectrum this drug belongs to the following group:

Narrow spectrum antibacterial agents

Broad spectrum antifungal agents

Antituberculous agents

Broad spectrum antibacterial agents

Antiviral agents

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Stem thickening occurs due to functioning of the following structures:

Apical meristem

Lateral meristem

Endoderm

Intercalary meristem

Wound meristem

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To determine mass fraction of sodium chloride in a drug, the Fajans method should be applied. Titration is to be performed in the presence of the following indicator solution:

Potassium chromate

Fluorescein

Ammonium iron (III) sulfate

Phenolphthalein

Methyl red

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Sulfanilamide drugs contain primary aromatic amides in their structure. Specify the method of quantitative determination of these compounds:

Permanganatometry

Iodometry

Dichromatometry

Cerimetry

Nitritometry

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Microbe survival within environment is facilitated by spore formation. What microorganisms of those listed below are spore formers:

Peptostreptococci

Staphylococci

Peptococci

Bacteroides

Clostridia

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Synthesis of a medicinal substance occurs in an isolated system. What is a direction criterion of spontaneous processes?

Helmholtz energy

Entropy change

Enthalpy

Intrinsic energy

Gibbs energy

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Dissociation degree in 0,01 M water solution is the same for all the strong electrolytes listed below. Name the substance with the highest boiling temperature of such solution:

Cu(NO3)2

K3PO4

KCl

Na3PO4

Al2(SO4)3

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Proteins are of great importance for vital functions. What value of pH results in zero electrophoretic mobility of gelatin (gelatin isoelectric point equals 4,7)?

7,0

9,4

5,5

14,0

4,7

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Enzymes are widely used as drugs in pharmacy. What is the main difference that separates enzymes from non-biological catalysts?

Low universality

High universality

High homogeneity

High specificity and selectivity

High dispersion

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Chloroform and sodium nitrite solution were added into the acidulous investigated solution. The chloroform layer colored red-violet, which indicates the presence of:

Carbonate ions

Iodide ions

Fluoride ions

Chloride ions

Sulfate ions

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The following should be used for sterilization of laboratory glassware in a microbiological laboratory:

Koch’s steam sterilizer

Bactericidal lamps

Hot-air sterilizer

Disinfectant

Bacteria-excluding filters

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Parents of a 10-year-old child have made an appointment with an endocrinologist due to complaints of the child’s low height. The child’s appearance is corresponding with that of a 5-yearold. What hormone causes such changes in physical development, if its secretion is disturbed?

Thyroxin

Somatotropic hormone

Testosterone

Insulin

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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Dry residue received after evaporation of the investigated solution turns previously colorless burner flame yellow, which is observed as violet through blue glass. What cations are there in the dry residue?

Na+, Ca2+

a2+, K+

Na+, K+

Na+ , Sr2+

Li+, Ba2+

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A smear of purulent excharge from urethra contains gram-negative beanshaped diplococci with both extra- and intracellular positions. Make the provisional microbiological diagnosis:

Candidiasis

Syphilis

Trichomoniasis

Chlamydiosis

Gonorrhea

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Under isobaric-isothermal conditions the possibility and direction of spontaneous processes can be predicted through change of:

Gibbs energy

Entropy

Intrinsic energy

Enthalpy

Helmholtz energy

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Investigated solution contains potassium and ammonium ions. Specify the reagent that can indicate the presence of potassium ions in this solution:

Uranyl zinc acetate

Sodium acetate

Potassium hexacyanoferrate (II)

Sodium chloride

Potassium tetraiodomercurate

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An injured person exhibits the following signs at the site of trauma: skin redness, throbbing small arteries, elevated local temperature, increased tissue turgor. What local blood circulation disorder are these presentations typical of?

Ischemia

Venous hyperemia

Thrombosis

Arterial hyperemia

Embolism

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During investigation of bacterial contamination of air it is necessary to take into account both total amount of microorganisms in a certain volume and qualitative content of microflora. What microorganisms are the sanitary indicators of air contamination within enclosed spaces?

Mold fungi

Yeast fungi

Hay bacillus

Staphylococcus aureus

Colibacillus

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Purine ring biosynthesis occurs in ribose-5-phosphate through gradual accumulation of nitrogen and carbon atoms and closing of the rings. The source of ribose phosphate is the process of:

Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Pentose phosphate cycle

Glycogenolysis

Glyconeogenesis

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Number of freedom degrees at the point of intersection of liquidus with Y-axis on the fusibility chart of a twocomponent system would equal:

3

4

1

0

2

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In the process of qualitative analysis to determine strontium ions, so-called ”gypseous water” is used. This substance can be defined as:

Aqueous solution of Ba(NO3)2

Solution of Ca(OH)2

Solution of (OH)2

Concentrated aqueous solution of CaSO4

Concentrated aqueous solution of CO2

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Which of the ligands is bidentate?

Thiocyanate ion

Hydroxide ion

Pyridine

Cyanide ion

Ethylenediamine

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Name the pH value, under which occurs the most intense color change of an indicator:

Equivalence point

pT value

Color change interval

Titration end point

pK value

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What compound produces phthalic acid during oxidation?

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To distinguish between phenol and salicylic acid the following reagent is used:

Sodium bicarbonate solution

Iron (III) chloride solution

Sodium hydroxide solution

Sodium chloride solution

Bromine solution

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Reaction of benzaldehyde with chlorine produces:

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Bacterial culture obtained from patient DOES NOT grow when exposed to oxygen. Conditions suitable for bacterial culture growth can be created in:

Serum-supplemented medium

Anaerobic culture jar

Pasteur oven

Krotov apparatus

Oxidative medium

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Specify the number of electrons that participate in creation of closed conjugated system within the pyrimidine molecule:

4

10

8

6

2

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An oncological patient was prescribed fluorouracil that is a competitive inhibitor of thymidine synthase. It inhibits the process of:

Purine nucleotides synthesis

Lipids synthesis

Purine nucleotides disintegration

Carbohydrate disintegration

Pyrimidine nucleotides synthesis

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During feces analysis of a 3-monthold child with signs of enteric infection, numerous dark-red colonies has grown on Endo agar. What microorganisms can be the cause of such enteric infection?

Salmonellae

Streptococci

Escherichia

Shigella

Gonococci

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Sedimentation analysis has been applied for assessment of air purity in an aseptic unit of a phamacy. The test resulted in growth of the small colonies with areas of hemolysis. What medium was used for inoculation?

Egg-yolk salt agar

Levine’s agar (Eosin Methylene Blue agar)

Endo agar

Ploskirev’s agar

Blood agar

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Reaction of urea with nitrous acid produces the following:

CO2 + NH3 + NO2

CO2 + NO + NH3

CO + NH3 + CO2

CO2 + N2 + H2O

CO2 + NO2 + H2O

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Surface tension is an important characteristic of a liquid. What substance has maximal surface tension?

Chloroform

Ethanol

Water

Acetone

Benzene

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What standard solution can be used to standardize the solution of I2?

Potassium iodide solution

Sodium thiosulfate solution

Potassium permanganate solution

Sodium nitrite solution

Potassium dichromate solution

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Catalysts are widely used in production of drugs. How can reaction acceleration in the presence of a catalyst be explained?

Total collision frequency increases

Activation energy decreases

Molecule speed increases

Activation energy increases

Collision frequency decreases

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Microorganisms in the environment are being affected by various physical factors. What is the effect of high temperature on a microbial cell?

Transition into anabiosis state

Mutagenic effect

Irreversible degradation of all cellular structures

Albuminolysis

Fats saponification

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A person has been stung by a bee. The stung area developed redness and edema. What is the main mechanism of edema development?

Increased permeability of the capillaries

Increased hydrostatic blood pressure

Decreased oncotic blood pressure

Disturbed lymphatic efflux

Decreased osmotic blood pressure

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During identification of fruits of Datura family they were determined to be a:

Berry in an orange cup

Thorned quadrivalve capsule

Urceolate capsule with a lid

Glossy black berry

Juicy globular cynarodium

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During examination of a patient with intestinal infection, inoculation in Endo medium resulted in multi-colored colonies: red and colorless. According to its purpose this medium can be determined as:

Differential diagnostic

-

Special

Universal

Selective

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Formation enthalpy equals zero for the following substance:

H2SO4

CaCO3

H2O2

O2

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Nicotinic acid amide fulfills important metabolic function. What disorder develops, when it is deficient in the organism?

Anemia

Xerophthalmia

Rickets

Pellagra

Beriberi

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At the triple point of the water phase diagram:

f=0

f=1

f=2

P=3; n=1

P=3; f=1

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Reaction of benzene sulfonation produces:

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Select the formula of diazonium salt:

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Choose the reaction of ester production among those listed below:

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A patient was delivered into a resuscitation unit with signs of alcohol poisoning. The patient developed hypoxia of the following pathogenesis:

Hypoxic

Circulatory

Tissue

Mixed

Hemic

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Select the compound with amphoteric properties (which reacts both with acids and bases and produces salts):

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Since 2005 in Asian and European countries there was recorded unusually high avian flu morbidity. Such spread of epidemic process can be determined as:

Pandemia

Epizooty

Epidemic

Sporadic

Endemia

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Pharmacopoeia reaction to determine benzoate ions requires interaction with the solution of:

Acetic anhydride

Diphenylamine

Resorcin

Potassium chloride

Iron (III) chloride

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Tricarboxylic acid cycle is a general way of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids oxidation. Specify the acid with which acetyl-CoA reacts first in tricarboxylic acid cycle:

Oxaloacetic

Isocitric

Fumaric

Malic

Citric

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Specify the substance that results from the following reaction: CH ≡ CH HOH, Hg2+ −−−−−−−→?

Propanal

Propanone

Acetic acid

Ethanal

Ethanol

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Choose the indicator and titration method to determine hydrogen carbonate ions in a drug:

Phenolphthalein, alkalimetry

Murexide, acidimetry

Methyl-orange, alkalimetry

Phenolphthalein, acidimetry

Methyl-orange, acidimetry

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Pharmacopoeia reaction to determine phosphate ions is a reaction with magnesia mixture. It results in production of white crystalline precipitate gNH4PO4. Magnesia mixture consists of the following:

MgCl2, MnSO4, NH4Cl

MgCl2, NH4Cl

MgCl2, NaOH, NaCl

MgCl2, NH3 • H2O, NH4Cl

MnCl2, NH3 • H2O, NaCl

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An ophthalmologist has detected increased time of dark adaptation in a patient. What vitamin deficiency can result in such symptom?

C

A

K

B6

B1

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Prolonged taking of cytostatic agents resulted in development of necrotic tonsillitis in the patient. It can be associated with the following changes in the leukocyte content:

Agranulocytosis

Lymphocytosis

Lymphopenia

Neutrophilic leukocytosis

Eosinopenia

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During photosynthesis within plant cell chloroplasts there is short-term retained starch being produced, which rapidly hydrolyzes into glucose. This starch is called:

Transitory

Secondary

Resistant

Reserve

Primary

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A patient with type I diabetes mellitus developed hyperketonemic coma. What acid-base imbalance will be observed in the patient?

Gaseous acidosis

Nongaseous acidosis

There will be no acid-base imbalances

Gaseous alkalosis

Nongaseous alkalosis

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Reaction rate constant of a hypothetical reaction is measured as s−1. What is the order of this reaction?

Second-order

Fractional-order

First-order

Third-order

Zero-order

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Species character of Thymus serpyllum includes: apical inflorescences (flower heads), dark punctate glands on the inferior surface of a leaf, long hairs along the edge of leaf base, and:

Creeping stems

Short decumbent stems

Climbing stems

Stems with prickles

Thorns

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Natural peptides can perform various functions. What bioactive peptide is a major antioxidant and fulfills coenzyme functions?

Liberin

Bradykinin

Glutathione

Anserine

Oxytocin

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Gout develops when purine nucleotide metabolism is disturbed. A doctor prescribed the patient allopurinol that is a competitive inhibitor of:

Hexokinase

Lactate dehydrogenase

Xanthine oxidase

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Succinate dehydrogenase

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Specify the indicator of the protective properties of high-molecular compounds of body, which promote the retention of calcium, phosphate and carbonate in blood plasma:

Critical micelle concentration

Protective value

Coagulation threshold

Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance

Volume of sol coagulated by 1 mol of the electrolyte substance

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In a research center there is a live vaccine against dysentery being created. What property of attenuated vaccine strain should coincide with the properties of original virulent strain of dysentery bacillus?

Morphology

Toxin production

Antibiotic susceptibility

Antigenic structure

Biochemical activity

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Plantago major inflorescence grows at the apex, its rachis is long, with sessile flowers. Name this type of inflorescence:

Panicle

Thyrse

Spike

Capitulum

Spadix

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Microbiological investigation of vaginal suppositories determined them to be CONTRARY to the Pharmacopoeia demands. What microflora was detected in the suppositories, resulting in such a conclusion?

Blue pus bacillus

Citrobacter

Micrococcus

Tetracoccus

Sarcina

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A number of hereditary diseases is caused by mutations in gene areas that determine beginning or end of an intron. What process results in removal of introns and joining of exons?

Replication

Translation

Splicing

Recombination

Transcription

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Hyperlipemia can be observed in 23 hours after eating fatty food. 9 hours later lipid content normalizes again. How can this condition be characterized?

Alimentary hyperlipemia

Hyperplastic obesity

Retention hyperlipemia

Transport hyperlipemia

Hypertrophic obesity

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Name the mercurimetry titrant:

0,1 М solution of NH4SCN

0,1 М solution of NaNO2

0,1 М solution of AgNO3

0,1 М solution of KSCN

0,1 М solution of Hg2(NO3)2

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What inflorescences are characteristic of Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) family?

Corymb or spike

Spadix or panicle

Raceme or panicle

Capitulum or umbel

Capitulum or corymb

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What cation of the 4th analytical group is present in a solution, if its reaction with the group reagent results in formation of yellow precipitate?

Zn2+

Sn2+

Al3+

Sn(IV)

Cr3+

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A patient presents with icteric sclera and mucous tunics; urine is dark; feces are light-colored. Blood content of direct and indirect bilirubin is increased, urine content of direct bilirubin is increased. What pathology can be characterized by these signs?

Atherosclerosis

Obstructive jaundice

Hemolytic jaundice

Jaundice of the newborn

Hepatocellular jaundice

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The patient presents with rapid growth of a tumor node and its progressing malignization. What stage of tumor growth can be characterized by these presentations?

Exudation

Progression

Promotion (activation)

Inactivation

Transformation

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You are studying a silvery downy plant of Asteraceae family, which is rich with essential oils and bitters. Harvested are apical sprouts with panicle of small round flower heads. This plant is:

Bidens tripartita

Arctium lappa

Chamomilla recutita

Artemisia absinthium

Calendula officinalis

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Among dosage forms there are numerous disperse systems. Specify the free disperse system:

Emulsion

Gel

Jelly

Membrane

Diaphragm

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A 55-year-old man, who had been suffering from mitral insufficiency for many years, developed acute heart failure. What pathophysiological type of heart failure can be observed in this case?

Due to coronarogenic damage to the heart

Due to acute cardiac tamponade

Due to hypoxic damage to the heart

Due to cardiac overload

Due to neurogenic damage to the heart

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Cataract (lenticular opacity) has developed in a 52-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus. Lenticular opacity was caused by intensification of the following processes:

Gluconeogenesis

Protein proteolysis

Protein glycosylation

Lipolysis

Ketogenesis

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During practice in the laboratory the students had been investigating in vitro, how malonate affects enzymes of tricarboxylic acid cycle. They detected accumulation of the following metabolite:

Fumarate

Isocitrate

Succinyl-CoA

Malate

Succinate

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Aqueous solution of the following substance will have the smallest surface tension, if all the listed solutions are taken in the same concentration:

Ethanol

Sodium stearate

Sucrose

Sodium hydroxide

Sodium chloride

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A 45-year-old woman, who for two weeks has been taking neodicoumarin (ethyl biscoumacetate) due to trombophlebitis, during a regular examination was detected to have decreased blood content of prothrombin, in urine there is microhematuria. What drug should be administered as a neodicoumarin antagonist?

Sodium citrate

Vicasol (Menadione)

Heparin

Protamine sulfate

Aminocapronic acid

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A patient complaining of dry mouth, photophobia, and visual impairment has been delivered into an admission room. The skin is hyperemic and dry; pupils are dilated; tachycardia is observed. The patient was diagnosed with belladonna alkaloids intoxication. What drug would be advisable?

Proserin

Pilocarpine

Armin

Dipiroxim

Aceclidine

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A child accidentally took a drink from the vial of grandmother’s medicine for glaucoma. The medicine was identified as pilocarpine hydrochloride. What drug can be used as an antidote?

Pentamin (Azamethonium bromide)

Aceclidine

Carbachol

Atropine

Benzohexonium (Hexamethonium)

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A woman suffering from neurosis has disturbed sleep. What drug is optimal for insomnia treatment?

Nitrazepam

Phenobarbital

Valerian tincture

Bromisoval

Aethaminalum-natrium (Pentobarbital)

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What antiprotozoal drug can be recommended to a woman with trichomoniasis?

Solusurminum (Sodium stibogluconate)

Primaquine

Chloridine

Metronidazole

Chiniofon

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Select the halogenated antiseptic that would be preferable for a child to pack in the first aid kit, when going to a summer camp:

Formaldehyde solution

Methylene blue

Iodine alcoholic solution

Copper sulfate

Brilliant green

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Name the most typical symptom of atropine poisoning:

Excessive sweating

Constricted pupils unresponsive to light

Low intraocular pressure

Bradycardia

Dilated pupils unresponsive to light

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A patient consulted an ophthalmologist about deterioration of twilight vision and xerophthalmus. What drug should the doctor prescribe?

Retinol

Tocopherol

Cocarboxylase

Ascorbic acid

Pyridoxine

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A woman with hypertension came to a doctor complaining of dry cough that developed against the background of her therapy. What antihypertensive drug was she taking?

Furosemide

Dichlothiazide (Hydrochlorothiazide)

Lisinopril

Nifedipine

Atenolol

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Decreased absorption of tetracyclines, if they are taken simultaneously with antacids, is an example of their:

Pharmacodynamic incompatibility

Pharmaceutical incompatibility

Functional antagonism

Synergism

Pharmacokinetic incompatibility

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A patient after craniocerebral trauma has been prescribed piracetam. What pharmacological group does this drug belong to?

Antipsychotics

Tranquilizers

General anesthetics

Nootropic agents

Non-narcotic analgesics

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Recommend the patient with glaucoma an M-cholinomimetic agent:

Ephedrine hydrochloride

Pilocarpine hydrochloride

Sulfacyl-sodium (Sulfacetamide)

Levomycetin (Chloramphenicol)

Atropine sulfate

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A patient with hypertension was prescribed a nonselective betaadrenergic blocking agent. Name this drug:

Adrenalin hydrochloride

Prazosin

Anaprilin (Propranolol)

Labetalol

Proserin

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In the course of bronchitis pharmacotherapy a patient has developed dyspeptic disorders, photodermatitis and hepatic failure. What drug can cause such disorders?

Codeine phosphate

Doxycycline

Paracetamol

Acetylcysteine

Ascorbic acid

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A 25-year-old woman with signs of acute morphine intoxication was administered naloxone, which rapidly improved her condition. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?

Opioid receptor blockade

Serotonin receptor blockade

Benzodiazepine receptor blockade

Dopamine receptor blockade

GABA receptor blockade

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Name the ability of a drug to accumulate within the patient’s body:

Cumulation

Synergism

Allergy

Antagonism

Habituation

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What pharmacological effect of acetylsalicylic acid allows its application in patients with ischemic heart disease for prevention of thromboses?

Analgesic

Antiaggregant

Antipyretic

Ulcerogenic

Anti-inflammatory

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A patient developed herpetic rashes. What drug should be prescribed in this case?

Clotrimazole

Gentamicin

Benzylpenicillin

Biseptol (Co-trimoxazole)

Acyclovir

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A woman complaining of sleep disturbance, fearfulness, and anxiety came to a neurologist. What drug should be prescribed in this case?

Diazepam

Oxytocin

Lisinopril

Nitroglycerine

Levodopa

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A man developed cardiac arrest due to thoracic trauma. Name the drug that should be introduced into the cavity of the left ventricle in this case:

Proserin

Lisinopril

Adrenalin hydrochloride

Salbutamol

Metoprolol

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A patient with acute heart failure was administered corglycon. What effect of this drug results in improvement of the patient’s condition?

Coronary vessels dilatation

Decreased heart force

Decreased oxygen demand of myocardium

Increased heart force

Increased heart rate

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Explain to an intern, what is the mechanism of analgesic action of morphine hydrochloride:

Phosphodiesterase blockade

Adenylate cyclase stimulation

Choline esterase blockade

Opiate receptors stimulation

Histamine receptors blockade

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What pharmacological effect of diazepam allows its application for termination of convulsions?

Antipyretic

Anti-inflammatory

Hypnotic

Anticonvulsant

Analgesic

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A patient suffers from hyperchromic B12-deficiency anemia. What vitamin preparation should be prescribed in this case?

Retinol acetate

Cyanocobalamin

Vicasol (Menadione)

Riboflavin

Thiamine chloride

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A man is diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. What drug should be prescribed in this case?

Aminazine

Paracetamol

Nitrazepam

Levodopa

Anaprilin (Propranolol)

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Direct titration CANNOT be applied for quantitative determination of calcium chloride by means of permanganatometry, because:

The reaction runs slowly

The reaction runs very quickly

Side reactions are possible

The investigated substance does not interact with the titrant

It is impossible to select the indicator to determine titration end point

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Colored or white component of double perianth, which consists of petals, is a:

Corolla

Perigonium

Flower cup

Androecium

Gynoecium

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A 54-year-old man requested a pharmacist’s advice on drug prescription. The patient has 4-year-long history of chronic glomerulonephritis and 2-yearlong history of persistent hypertension. What substance synthesized in the kidneys has important role in development of arterial hypertension?

Histamine

Catecholamines

Aldosterone

Nitric oxide

Renin

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A patient complains of general weakness, muscle weakness in the extremities (if the patient is asked to make a fist several times in a row, for example, the patient is capable of doing it only once), facial muscles are weak, swallowing is disturbed. Administration of acetylcholinesterase drugs removes these disturbances to a certain degree. Determine the pathology:

Monoplegia

Paralysis

Paresis

Hemiplegia

Myasthenia

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A drug solution sterilized by means of boiling was tested for sterility. Inoculation on Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealed clostridia. Clostridia survived the boiling because they are:

Thermophilic

Anaerobic

Acid-fast

Prototrophic

Spore-formers

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A 71-year-old woman developed mechanical jaundice due to obstruction of the bile duct with a chololith. Decrease of blood pressure and bradycardia are detected. These changes in functioning of the patient’s cardiovascular system are caused by increased blood content of the following substance:

Bile acids

Direct bilirubin

Indirect bilirubin

Urobilin

Stercobilin

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A sanitary-epidemic station employee has been poisoned when the premices were processed with an organophosphorous insecticide. What enzyme is inhibited by organophosphorous compounds?

Xanthine oxidase

Acetylcholinesterase

Catalase

Pepsin

Lactate dehydrogenase

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Indican excretion is a diagnostic criterion of intencified protein putrefaction in the intestine. Name the end product of tryptophan ”decay” occurring in the large intestine:

Mercaptan

Benzoic acid

Indole

Putrescine

Hydrogen sulfide

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The second stage of detoxification involves joining certain chemical compounds with functional groups of toxines. Select one such compound:

Pyruvate

Cholesterol

Higher fatty acids

Glucose

Glucuronic acid

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Actinomorphic apopetalous corolla include:

Tubular

Campanulate

Ligulate

Cruciform

Funnelform

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Selective medium can be used to separate various species of bacteria in a bacteriological laboratory. What medium of those listed below can be determined as selective?

Meat infusion agar

Hiss’ serum water medium

Meat infusion broth

Endo agar

Alkaline peptone water

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A 5-year-old child presents with abdominal distension, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea occurring 1-4 hours after drinking milk. Described symptoms are caused by the lack of enzymes that break up:

Glucose

Maltose

Lactose

Saccharose

Fructose

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If pH of a solution is lower than its isoelectric point, it means in this solution:

Anion forms of amino acids are prevalent

Anion and cation forms of amino acids are balanced

Certain protein aggregates are formed

Irreversible protein precipitation occurs

Cation forms of amino acids are prevalent

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Avidin - an egg white protein inhibits reception of biotin (carboxylase coenzyme) by the body. What reaction will be blocked by avidin administration?

NH3 attachment to glutamate

NH3 detachment from glutamine

Beta-oxidation of fatty acids

CO2 attachment to pyruvate

Detachment of phosphate residuals

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During mercurimetric titration of halogenide ions in the presence of diphenylcarbazone, at the titration end point the precipitate is produced. This precipitate will be colored:

Yellow

Green

Blue

Brown

Red

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When determining oxidizing agents by means of iodometry in the presence of starch the following phenomenon can be observed at the titration end point:

Blue coloring disappears

Green coloring of precipitate appears

Red coloring appears

Green coloring of solution disappears

White precipitate occurs

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To obtain exotoxins of some microorganisms, these microorganisms are inoculated into liquid nutrient medium, where microbial cultivation occurs and toxins are produced. At a certain stage it is necessary to remove the microbial cells from the medium, that is, to separate the toxins from microbes. What method should be applied in this case?

Ultraviolet irradiation

Boiling

Disinfectants (chloramine)

Bacteria-excluding filters

Autoclaving

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A plant producing essential oil has square stem, bilabiate corolla, coenobium fruit. These features are characteristic of:

Solanaceae

Papaveraceae

Scrophulariaceae

Polygonaceae

Lamiaceae

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A plant under investigation has compound uniform monopodium inflorescence - compound umbel. What plant is it characteristic of?

Centaurea cyanus

Sorbus aucuparia

Rosa canina

Allium cepa

Anethum graveolens

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During field practice a student was tasked with making a morphological collection of coenocarpous fruits. What type of fruit belongs to this group?

Drupe

Aggregate-accessory fruit

Hesperidium

Fragaria

Cynarodium

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A patient with gingivitis was prescribed oral cavity irrigation with 0,02% potassium permanganate solution. What group of antiseptics does this drug belong to?

Alcohols

Oxidants

Nitrofurans

Detergents

Dyes

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To relieve dry cough a patient with bronchitis was prescribed a drug that is an alkaloid of yellow horned-poppy. Name this drug:

Codterpin

Libexin (Prenoxdiazine)

Oxeladin

Codeine phosphate

Glaucine hydrochloride

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Hydrochloric acid was added into the solution under investigation. The resulting precipitate was filtered, then this filter cake was processed with hot water; after the filtrate cooled, KI solution was added into it. What cation was present in the solution, if the precipitate was colored yellow?

Hg2+

Ca2+

Pb2+

Ag+

Ba2+

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When cations are divided into analytical groups according to the acidbase classification, group reagents can be acids or bases. What acids can be used as group reagents?

HNO3, CH3COOH

H2CO3

HCIO4

H3PO4, H2C2O4

HCI, H2SO4

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Main process of ammonia neutralization occurs in the liver. Arginine decomposition reaction that produces urea as a result is catalyzed with arginase. What group of enzymes does arginase belong to?

Synthetases

Isomerases

Hydrolases

Oxidoreductases

Transferases

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Connection between plant cell protoplasts and their metabolic function is provided by thin cytoplasmic threads that pass through pores in the cell walls. Name these threads:

Cytoskeleton

Microfilaments

Fibrils

Plasmodesma

Microtubules

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On autopsy there are numerous suppurative foci within many of the internal organs. What pathological process is it characteristic of?

Septicopyemia

Toxemia

Septicemia

Sepsis

Bacteriemia

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Isotonicity is required of infusion solutions. What phenomenon occurs when a hypertensive solution is introduced into blood plasma?

Thixotropy

Hemolysis

Osmosis

Plasmolysis

Denaturation

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The third analitycal group of cations (acid-base classification) includes Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+. What acid can function as a precipitator agent (group reagent) for these cations?

HCIO4

HNO3

HCI

H2SO4

CH3COOH

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During routine preventive examination the local pediatrician noticed a boy of short stature. Mental development of the child corresponds with his age. What endocrine disorder is it?

Acromegalia

Cretinism

Rickets

Pituitary nanism

Gigantism

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Eicosanoids synthesis begins with freeing polyene acids from membrane phospholipids by means of a specific phospholipase. Name this enzyme:

Phospholipase C

Protein kinase

Arginase

Cyclooxygenase

Phospholipase A2

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Thermal analysis is used in pharmacy to identify drugs and determine drug purity. What coordinates are necessary to build a cooling curve?

Volume-temperature

Temperature-volume

Volume-time

Temperature-time

Pressure-time

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Both scientific and folk medicine uses medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra L. What part of the plant is harvested?

Grass

Roots and rhizomes

Foliage

Seeds

Inflorescence

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Choose the formula of nonionic surfactant among those listed below:

C15H31COONa

C6H13NH2COONa

CH3(OCH2CH2)10OH

C11H23OSO3Na

C2H5NH2 • HCl

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A pregnant woman was diagnosed with vaginal dysbacteriosis. What drug should be prescribed in this case?

Interferon

Polyvitamins

Antibiotic

Bacteriophage

Probiotic

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A patient has been receiving Theophylline (inhibitor of cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase) for a week. What hormone can increase its action due to such treatment and cause hyperglycemia?

Glucagon

Estradiol

Insulin

Testosterone

Aldosterone

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Reaction of sodium ions with potassium hexahydroxoantimonate (V) in neutral medium produces precipitate. Specify the color of this precipitate:

Green

Red

Blue

Yellow

White

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Reaction with potassium permanganate is used to detect reducing anions. Specify the anion that decolorizes potassium permanganate:

Tetraborate

Sulfite

Sulfate

Carbonate

Arsenate

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A 25-year-old-patient with the II degree thermal burns came to a doctor. Objectively: there are large blisters on the upper limbs; the blisters are filled with clear exudate containing mostly water and albumines with isolated leukocytes. Name the type of the exudate:

Purulent

Catarrhal (mucous)

Fibrinous

Serous

Hemorrhagic

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Rhizome of an Asteraceae family species is polycephalous, succulent, has lysigenous cavities, accumulates inulin. Such underground organ is characterisic of:

Inula helenium

Helianthus annuus

Digitalis grandiflora

Sorbus aucuparia

Hyoscyamus niger

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Osmotic pressure is an important characteristic of biological fluids. Semipermeable membranes are necessary for penetration of solvent molecules. What substance CANNOT be used as a semipermeable membrane?

Biological membrane

Glass

Collodion film

Parchment

Gelatine

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Specify the substance that can be determined by means of polarimetry:

This method will suffice for any substance

Glucose

Benzene

Sodium chloride

Sulfuric acid

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A local general practitioner recommends taking interferon for influenza prevention. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?

Disrupts the process of virus assembly

Prevents adsorption of virus in cell receptors

Blocks virus stripping

Inhibits virion exit from cells

Blocks virus protein synthesis

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What cation can be detected with Chugaiev’s agent (Dimethylglyoxime)?

Ni2+

Mn2+

Ca2+

+

Co2+

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A solution of hydrogen peroxide in an acid medium was added into investigated solution, leading to blue coloring of the resulting solution. This analytical effect indicates the presence of the following anions:

Cr2O4(2−)

MnO4(−)

Cr2O7(2−)

NO3(−)

Cl(−)

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A patient presents with hypoxia. What metabolic process activates when oxygen supply is insufficient?

Oxidative decarboxylation of keto acids

Pentose-phosphate pathway

Urea cycle

Tricarboxylic acid cycle

Anaerobic glycolysis

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A child had been administered antidiphtheric serum. What resistance was formed in the child?

Primary

Active

Physiological

Pathologic

Passive

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A patient with brain edema presents with respiration that is characterized by periods of several respiratory movements of equal amplitude alternating with periods of apnea. What pathologic respiration is it characteristic of?

Biot’s respiration

Gasping respiration

Kussmaul’s respiration

Apneustic respiration

Cheyne-Stokes’ respiration

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A patient in the state of ketoacidotic coma presents with loud rapid respiration: labored expiration with tension of expiratory muscles occurs after deep inspiration. Name the type of pathologic respiration:

Stenotic

Cheyne-Stokes’

Biot’s

Gasping

Kussmaul’s

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In a nursery-garden some medicinal plants developed signs of a disease: there are yellow spots and necrotic foci on the leaves. Sap of the diseased plants remained infectious even after passing through a bacteria-excluding filter. No microorganisms growth was detected on the nutrient medium. What microorganisms could be the cause of this disease?

Fungi

Ray fungi

Viruses

Mycoplasma

Bacteria

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Bark of a thornless xylophyte of the Rhamnaceae family has laxative effect. Name this plant:

Aronia melanocarpa

Rubus idaeus

Frangula alnus

Hippophaё rhamnoides

Crataegus sanguinea

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Different structures of a bacterial cell perform different functions. What dispensable component of a cell ensures its survival within hostile environment?

Cilia

Capsule

Inclusions

Flagella

Spores

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Total content of chloride, bromide, and iodide ions in the investigated solution can be quantitatively determined with the following titrant:

Potassium permanganate solution

Sodium nitrite solution

Silver nitrate solution

Sodium thiosulfate solution

Potassium dichromate solution

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Specify the reaction product of complete aniline hydrogenation:

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Name the isomer of diethyl ether functional group: CH3 − CH2 − O − CH2 − CH3:

Dimethyl ether

Butanol

Butanal

Ethanol

Ethyl acetate

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What substance can be identified with aqueous solution of FeCl3?

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What reaction proves that phenol has acidic properties?

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Gravimetry (precipitation method) is used for quantitative determination of sulfates in potable water. What substance should be used as precipitator for sulfates?

MgCI2

NaCI

NH4NO3

BaCI2

KCI

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In 9 days after administration of a therapeutic serum the patient developed urticaria, itching, edemas, and lymph nodes enlargement. What type of allergic reaction has occurred in the patient?

Anaphylactic

Stimulating

Cytotoxic

Cellular

Immune complex

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Which of the listed compounds is an alpha-amino acid?

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Exudation is characteristic of inflammation. What factors cause exudation and local edema of the inflamed area?

Leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells

Ischemia

Hyperglycemia

Increased permeability of vessel wall

Decreased permeability of vessel wall

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For cardiovascular disease prevention the patient was recommended to take vitamin F. What is the chemical nature of this vitamin?

Carotin derivative

Cholesterol derivative

Complex of polyunsaturated fatty acids

Amino acids complex

Polysaccharide complex

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Wetting occurs when a drop of a liquid comes into contact with the surface of a solid substance. The degree of wetting is measured through:

Work of adhesion

Contact angle

Drop size

Drop density

Surface tension

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A perennial plant has white flower heads grouped in compound corymbs and bipinnatisected or tripinnatisected leaves. Name this plant:

Melilotus officinalis

Phaseolus vulgaris

Potentilla erecta

Taraxacum officinale

Аchillea millefolium

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What organic compounds are produced in the result of intramolecular dehydration of monohydric alcohols?

Esters

Aldehydes

Arenes

Alkenes

Alkanes

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A group of children in the kindergarten (6-year-olds) received Mantoux test; 15 children presented with negative results. What measures should be taken towards these children?

Referral for fluorography

Repeat the test

BCG vaccination

Tuberculosis antitoxin

Isolation

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Increased concentration of active oxygen forms is a mechanism of pathogenesis in a number of diseases. To prevent this process, antioxidants are prescribed. Select an antioxidant from the list below:

Glucose

Cobalamine

Calciferol

Alpha-tocopherol

Glicerol

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During excursion into a conifer forest the students noticed that bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) stems are lignified only partially in their lower part, the upper part of the stem retains the form of caulis. Therefore, this plant can be classified as:

Tree

Suffrutex

Liana

Annual grass

Perennial grass

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Antibiotics derived from various species of actinomycetes are widely used in medical practice. Point out these drugs among those listed below:

Penicillin, cephalosporin, griseofulvin

Lysozyme, erytrinum

Aminoglycosides (streptomycin, monomycin)

Chloreline, arenarinum

Polymyxin, bacitracin

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In a human body there occur numerous reactions of direct interaction between substrate and molecular oxygen. What enzyme catalyzes attachment of two oxygen atoms to the substrate?

Catalase

Dioxygenase

Glutathione reductase

Monooxygenase

Superoxide dismutase

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Seeds of rye, corn, and other crops have small corymb-shaped cotyledon and accumulate nutrients in the:

Gemmule

Embryo root

Endosperm

Shell

Perisperm

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A 55-year-old man came to a doctor with complaints of acute pain in his big toes. Meat and wine remain permanently in his diet. The doctor suspects gout. What substance must be measured in the patient’s blood to confirm this diagnosis?

Uric acid

Urea

Ketone bodies

Bilirubin

Lactate

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Isotonic glucose solution is widely used as a solvent or infuson medium for introduction of various drugs. What mass fraction is characteristic of this solution?

5%

1%

20%

10%

15%

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Name the process of cell membrane saturation with a fat-like substance suberin:

Sliming

Mineralisation

Lignification

Cutinization

Suberization

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A man has been suffering from rheumatoid arthritis for 10 years. Due to its exacerbation he had been taking acetylsalicylic acid and prednisolone. The patient complains of stomachache, eructation, nausea, sensation of full epigastrium, and meteorism. On gastroscopy there was an erosion (0,5x0,5 cm) of gastric mucosa detected. What is the cause of gastric mucosa defect development?

Immune-mediated destruction of gastric mucosa

Prolonged hypersthenia of gastric muscles

Prolonged taking of aspirin and hormones

Dysbacteriosis development

Age-related changes of mucosa

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Treatment of a number of pathologic changes in human body is based on the peptization process, particularly disintegration of thrombi within blood vessels. The most important condition for efficient peptization can be determined as:

Introduction of excessive solvent

Ultrasound effect

Heating

Timely introduction of anticoagulant

Shaking

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The patient’s large-focal myocardial infarction is complicated with pulmonary edema. What disturbance of cardiohemodynamics contributed to the pulmonary edema development?

Reperfusion syndrome

Autoimmune myocarditis

Cardiogenic shock

Acute left ventricular failure

Acute right ventricular failure

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The fruit is a thorned many-seeded capsule that opens into four flaps when ripe. It is characteristic of:

Datura stramonium

Digitalis purpurea

Papaver somniferum

Hyoscyamus niger

Linum usitatissimum

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An interhospital pharmacy received a short-acting narcotic analgesic that is 100 times more active than morphine. Name this drug:

Naltrexone

Fentanyl

Naloxone

Analgin (Metamizole)

Ketanov (Ketorolac)

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Hemoglobin break-up begins in the cells of reticuloendothelial system. What enzyme catalyzes the reduction reaction of biliverdine into bilirubin?

Hexokinase

Heme oxygenase

Xanthine oxidase

Biliverdine reductase

Beta-glucuronidase

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To stop diarrhea the doctor prescribed a drug that affects opiate receptors of the intestine and decreases its peristalsis. Name this drug:

Heparin

Voltaren (Diclofenac)

Levorin

Tetracycline

Loperamide

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What formula corresponds with alpha-nitropyrole?

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Essential oils are used both in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. To extract essential oils from herbal raw material the following technology is used:

Steam distillation

Conductometry

Colorimetry

Potentiometry

Calorimetry

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Specify the mechanism of the given reaction: H+, t>170oC C2H5OH −−−−−−−−→ H2C = CH2+H2O

Е (elimination)

SN (nucleophilic substitution)

S (electrophilic substitution)

N (nucleophilic attachment)

SR (radical substitution)

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What type of bonds participates in creation of both linear and cyclic carboxylic acid associates in the form of dimers?

Ionic bonds

Polar covalent bonds

Nonpolar covalent bonds

Donor-acceptor bonds

Hydrogen bonds

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Specify the functional group of isoniazide (an isonicotinic acid derivative) molecule:

Ester group

Pyridine heterocyclic group

Amide group

Hydrazide group

Carboxyl group

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What compound is synthesized by means of beta-picoline oxidation?

Ascorbic acid

Benzoic acid

Nicotinic acid

Barbituric acid

Uric acid

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Specify quinoline among the compounds given below:

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Name the substance B in the following transformation:

Ethanol

Ethanal

Propanal

Propanone

Acetic acid

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What substance produces ketone, when oxidized with potassium permanganate?

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Among the given isomer pairs choose the position isomers of the functional group:

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Among the given substances choose the one that is used for oxidation of organic compounds:

NH2 − NH2

HCl

KMnO4

CH3 − CH3

NaOH

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What substance will be produced as the result of the following reaction: C6H5 − N+ ≡ NCl− + KJ −(t)→?

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What reagent can simultaneously detect aldehyde group and glycol fragment in a glucose molecule?

FeCl3

AlCl3

KMnO4

Cu(OH)2

Br2

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