Step 1 - Pharmacy 2017

In a child-rearing facility there was an outbreak of measles. What specific urgent prophylaxis should be administered to contact UNVACCINATED children?

Gamma globulin against measles

Measles virus vaccine live

Isolation and treatment of infected children

DPT vaccine

Medical screening of the children

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Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law is the basis of molecular absorption analysis. According to this law, optical density of a solution is:

Inversely proportional to layer thickness and concentration of a substance

Directly proportional to layer thickness and absorption coefficient

Directly proportional to concentration and inversely proportional to absorption coefficient

Directly proportional to layer thickness and concentration of a substance

Directly proportional to concentration and inversely proportional to layer thickness

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Within folded parenchyma of a fir needle there are cavernous structures filled with galipot and lined with live thin-walled secretory cells. Name these structures:

Nectar glands

Laticifers

Resin ducts

Glandules

Hydatodes

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A chemotherapeutic agent has bactericidal effect against streptococci, staphylococci, bacilli, and clostridia. According to its action spectrum this drug belongs to the following group:

Narrow spectrum antibacterial agents

Antituberculous agents

Broad spectrum antibacterial agents

Broad spectrum antifungal agents

Antiviral agents

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Stem thickening occurs due to functioning of the following structures:

Apical meristem

Intercalary meristem

Wound meristem

Endoderm

Lateral meristem

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To determine mass fraction of sodium chloride in a drug, the Fajans method should be applied. Titration is to be performed in the presence of the following indicator solution:

Fluorescein

Potassium chromate

Phenolphthalein

Methyl red

Ammonium iron (III) sulfate

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Sulfanilamide drugs contain primary aromatic amides in their structure. Specify the method of quantitative determination of these compounds:

Iodometry

Nitritometry

Cerimetry

Dichromatometry

Permanganatometry

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Microbe survival within environment is facilitated by spore formation. What microorganisms of those listed below are spore formers:

Bacteroides

Staphylococci

Clostridia

Peptococci

Peptostreptococci

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Synthesis of a medicinal substance occurs in an isolated system. What is a direction criterion of spontaneous processes?

Enthalpy

Helmholtz energy

Intrinsic energy

Entropy change

Gibbs energy

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Dissociation degree in 0,01 M water solution is the same for all the strong electrolytes listed below. Name the substance with the highest boiling temperature of such solution:

Na3PO4

Cu(NO3)2

Al2(SO4)3

K3PO4

KCl

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Proteins are of great importance for vital functions. What value of pH results in zero electrophoretic mobility of gelatin (gelatin isoelectric point equals 4,7)?

7,0

4,7

14,0

5,5

9,4

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Enzymes are widely used as drugs in pharmacy. What is the main difference that separates enzymes from non-biological catalysts?

High dispersion

High homogeneity

High universality

Low universality

High specificity and selectivity

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Chloroform and sodium nitrite solution were added into the acidulous investigated solution. The chloroform layer colored red-violet, which indicates the presence of:

Carbonate ions

Chloride ions

Fluoride ions

Iodide ions

Sulfate ions

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The following should be used for sterilization of laboratory glassware in a microbiological laboratory:

Hot-air sterilizer

Bactericidal lamps

Koch’s steam sterilizer

Disinfectant

Bacteria-excluding filters

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Parents of a 10-year-old child have made an appointment with an endocrinologist due to complaints of the child’s low height. The child’s appearance is corresponding with that of a 5-yearold. What hormone causes such changes in physical development, if its secretion is disturbed?

Somatotropic hormone

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Testosterone

Insulin

Thyroxin

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Dry residue received after evaporation of the investigated solution turns previously colorless burner flame yellow, which is observed as violet through blue glass. What cations are there in the dry residue?

Li+, Ba2+

Na+, K+

Na+, Ca2+

a2+, K+

Na+ , Sr2+

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A smear of purulent excharge from urethra contains gram-negative beanshaped diplococci with both extra- and intracellular positions. Make the provisional microbiological diagnosis:

Candidiasis

Trichomoniasis

Chlamydiosis

Syphilis

Gonorrhea

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Under isobaric-isothermal conditions the possibility and direction of spontaneous processes can be predicted through change of:

Intrinsic energy

Gibbs energy

Entropy

Helmholtz energy

Enthalpy

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Investigated solution contains potassium and ammonium ions. Specify the reagent that can indicate the presence of potassium ions in this solution:

Uranyl zinc acetate

Potassium tetraiodomercurate

Potassium hexacyanoferrate (II)

Sodium chloride

Sodium acetate

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An injured person exhibits the following signs at the site of trauma: skin redness, throbbing small arteries, elevated local temperature, increased tissue turgor. What local blood circulation disorder are these presentations typical of?

Venous hyperemia

Ischemia

Arterial hyperemia

Thrombosis

Embolism

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During investigation of bacterial contamination of air it is necessary to take into account both total amount of microorganisms in a certain volume and qualitative content of microflora. What microorganisms are the sanitary indicators of air contamination within enclosed spaces?

Yeast fungi

Hay bacillus

Colibacillus

Mold fungi

Staphylococcus aureus

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Purine ring biosynthesis occurs in ribose-5-phosphate through gradual accumulation of nitrogen and carbon atoms and closing of the rings. The source of ribose phosphate is the process of:

Glyconeogenesis

Pentose phosphate cycle

Glycolysis

Glycogenolysis

Gluconeogenesis

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Number of freedom degrees at the point of intersection of liquidus with Y-axis on the fusibility chart of a twocomponent system would equal:

2

0

3

1

4

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In the process of qualitative analysis to determine strontium ions, so-called ”gypseous water” is used. This substance can be defined as:

Concentrated aqueous solution of CO2

Concentrated aqueous solution of CaSO4

Solution of (OH)2

Aqueous solution of Ba(NO3)2

Solution of Ca(OH)2

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Which of the ligands is bidentate?

Thiocyanate ion

Pyridine

Hydroxide ion

Cyanide ion

Ethylenediamine

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Name the pH value, under which occurs the most intense color change of an indicator:

Titration end point

pT value

pK value

Equivalence point

Color change interval

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What compound produces phthalic acid during oxidation?

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To distinguish between phenol and salicylic acid the following reagent is used:

Iron (III) chloride solution

Sodium hydroxide solution

Sodium bicarbonate solution

Bromine solution

Sodium chloride solution

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Reaction of benzaldehyde with chlorine produces:

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Bacterial culture obtained from patient DOES NOT grow when exposed to oxygen. Conditions suitable for bacterial culture growth can be created in:

Pasteur oven

Serum-supplemented medium

Oxidative medium

Krotov apparatus

Anaerobic culture jar

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Specify the number of electrons that participate in creation of closed conjugated system within the pyrimidine molecule:

8

10

6

2

4

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An oncological patient was prescribed fluorouracil that is a competitive inhibitor of thymidine synthase. It inhibits the process of:

Purine nucleotides disintegration

Pyrimidine nucleotides synthesis

Lipids synthesis

Purine nucleotides synthesis

Carbohydrate disintegration

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During feces analysis of a 3-monthold child with signs of enteric infection, numerous dark-red colonies has grown on Endo agar. What microorganisms can be the cause of such enteric infection?

Gonococci

Escherichia

Streptococci

Shigella

Salmonellae

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Sedimentation analysis has been applied for assessment of air purity in an aseptic unit of a phamacy. The test resulted in growth of the small colonies with areas of hemolysis. What medium was used for inoculation?

Levine’s agar (Eosin Methylene Blue agar)

Egg-yolk salt agar

Endo agar

Blood agar

Ploskirev’s agar

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Reaction of urea with nitrous acid produces the following:

CO2 + NO + NH3

CO + NH3 + CO2

CO2 + NO2 + H2O

CO2 + N2 + H2O

CO2 + NH3 + NO2

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Surface tension is an important characteristic of a liquid. What substance has maximal surface tension?

Ethanol

Water

Chloroform

Acetone

Benzene

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What standard solution can be used to standardize the solution of I2?

Potassium dichromate solution

Sodium thiosulfate solution

Potassium iodide solution

Potassium permanganate solution

Sodium nitrite solution

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Catalysts are widely used in production of drugs. How can reaction acceleration in the presence of a catalyst be explained?

Molecule speed increases

Collision frequency decreases

Activation energy increases

Total collision frequency increases

Activation energy decreases

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Microorganisms in the environment are being affected by various physical factors. What is the effect of high temperature on a microbial cell?

Irreversible degradation of all cellular structures

Mutagenic effect

Albuminolysis

Transition into anabiosis state

Fats saponification

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A person has been stung by a bee. The stung area developed redness and edema. What is the main mechanism of edema development?

Increased permeability of the capillaries

Disturbed lymphatic efflux

Decreased oncotic blood pressure

Decreased osmotic blood pressure

Increased hydrostatic blood pressure

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During identification of fruits of Datura family they were determined to be a:

Juicy globular cynarodium

Urceolate capsule with a lid

Thorned quadrivalve capsule

Berry in an orange cup

Glossy black berry

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During examination of a patient with intestinal infection, inoculation in Endo medium resulted in multi-colored colonies: red and colorless. According to its purpose this medium can be determined as:

Selective

Special

Universal

Differential diagnostic

-

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Formation enthalpy equals zero for the following substance:

H2O2

CaCO3

H2SO4

O2

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Nicotinic acid amide fulfills important metabolic function. What disorder develops, when it is deficient in the organism?

Beriberi

Anemia

Rickets

Pellagra

Xerophthalmia

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At the triple point of the water phase diagram:

f=0

f=2

f=1

P=3; f=1

P=3; n=1

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Reaction of benzene sulfonation produces:

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Select the formula of diazonium salt:

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Choose the reaction of ester production among those listed below:

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A patient was delivered into a resuscitation unit with signs of alcohol poisoning. The patient developed hypoxia of the following pathogenesis:

Tissue

Hemic

Circulatory

Mixed

Hypoxic

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Select the compound with amphoteric properties (which reacts both with acids and bases and produces salts):

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Since 2005 in Asian and European countries there was recorded unusually high avian flu morbidity. Such spread of epidemic process can be determined as:

Epizooty

Epidemic

Pandemia

Sporadic

Endemia

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Pharmacopoeia reaction to determine benzoate ions requires interaction with the solution of:

Diphenylamine

Resorcin

Potassium chloride

Acetic anhydride

Iron (III) chloride

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Tricarboxylic acid cycle is a general way of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids oxidation. Specify the acid with which acetyl-CoA reacts first in tricarboxylic acid cycle:

Citric

Fumaric

Oxaloacetic

Isocitric

Malic

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Specify the substance that results from the following reaction: CH ≡ CH HOH, Hg2+ −−−−−−−→?

Acetic acid

Propanal

Propanone

Ethanol

Ethanal

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Choose the indicator and titration method to determine hydrogen carbonate ions in a drug:

Murexide, acidimetry

Phenolphthalein, acidimetry

Phenolphthalein, alkalimetry

Methyl-orange, acidimetry

Methyl-orange, alkalimetry

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Pharmacopoeia reaction to determine phosphate ions is a reaction with magnesia mixture. It results in production of white crystalline precipitate gNH4PO4. Magnesia mixture consists of the following:

MnCl2, NH3 • H2O, NaCl

MgCl2, NH4Cl

MgCl2, NH3 • H2O, NH4Cl

MgCl2, NaOH, NaCl

MgCl2, MnSO4, NH4Cl

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An ophthalmologist has detected increased time of dark adaptation in a patient. What vitamin deficiency can result in such symptom?

A

K

C

B1

B6

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Prolonged taking of cytostatic agents resulted in development of necrotic tonsillitis in the patient. It can be associated with the following changes in the leukocyte content:

Agranulocytosis

Lymphopenia

Neutrophilic leukocytosis

Eosinopenia

Lymphocytosis

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During photosynthesis within plant cell chloroplasts there is short-term retained starch being produced, which rapidly hydrolyzes into glucose. This starch is called:

Reserve

Secondary

Primary

Resistant

Transitory

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A patient with type I diabetes mellitus developed hyperketonemic coma. What acid-base imbalance will be observed in the patient?

Gaseous alkalosis

Gaseous acidosis

There will be no acid-base imbalances

Nongaseous alkalosis

Nongaseous acidosis

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Reaction rate constant of a hypothetical reaction is measured as s−1. What is the order of this reaction?

Third-order

Second-order

Fractional-order

Zero-order

First-order

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Species character of Thymus serpyllum includes: apical inflorescences (flower heads), dark punctate glands on the inferior surface of a leaf, long hairs along the edge of leaf base, and:

Creeping stems

Short decumbent stems

Climbing stems

Stems with prickles

Thorns

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Natural peptides can perform various functions. What bioactive peptide is a major antioxidant and fulfills coenzyme functions?

Liberin

Bradykinin

Anserine

Glutathione

Oxytocin

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Gout develops when purine nucleotide metabolism is disturbed. A doctor prescribed the patient allopurinol that is a competitive inhibitor of:

Xanthine oxidase

Lactate dehydrogenase

Hexokinase

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Succinate dehydrogenase

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Specify the indicator of the protective properties of high-molecular compounds of body, which promote the retention of calcium, phosphate and carbonate in blood plasma:

Critical micelle concentration

Volume of sol coagulated by 1 mol of the electrolyte substance

Coagulation threshold

Protective value

Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance

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In a research center there is a live vaccine against dysentery being created. What property of attenuated vaccine strain should coincide with the properties of original virulent strain of dysentery bacillus?

Antibiotic susceptibility

Morphology

Antigenic structure

Toxin production

Biochemical activity

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Plantago major inflorescence grows at the apex, its rachis is long, with sessile flowers. Name this type of inflorescence:

Panicle

Capitulum

Spadix

Thyrse

Spike

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Microbiological investigation of vaginal suppositories determined them to be CONTRARY to the Pharmacopoeia demands. What microflora was detected in the suppositories, resulting in such a conclusion?

Blue pus bacillus

Citrobacter

Sarcina

Micrococcus

Tetracoccus

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A number of hereditary diseases is caused by mutations in gene areas that determine beginning or end of an intron. What process results in removal of introns and joining of exons?

Transcription

Translation

Recombination

Replication

Splicing

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Hyperlipemia can be observed in 23 hours after eating fatty food. 9 hours later lipid content normalizes again. How can this condition be characterized?

Transport hyperlipemia

Retention hyperlipemia

Alimentary hyperlipemia

Hypertrophic obesity

Hyperplastic obesity

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Name the mercurimetry titrant:

0,1 М solution of AgNO3

0,1 М solution of KSCN

0,1 М solution of Hg2(NO3)2

0,1 М solution of NH4SCN

0,1 М solution of NaNO2

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What inflorescences are characteristic of Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) family?

Raceme or panicle

Spadix or panicle

Capitulum or umbel

Capitulum or corymb

Corymb or spike

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What cation of the 4th analytical group is present in a solution, if its reaction with the group reagent results in formation of yellow precipitate?

Zn2+

Cr3+

Sn(IV)

Sn2+

Al3+

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A patient presents with icteric sclera and mucous tunics; urine is dark; feces are light-colored. Blood content of direct and indirect bilirubin is increased, urine content of direct bilirubin is increased. What pathology can be characterized by these signs?

Hepatocellular jaundice

Jaundice of the newborn

Atherosclerosis

Obstructive jaundice

Hemolytic jaundice

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The patient presents with rapid growth of a tumor node and its progressing malignization. What stage of tumor growth can be characterized by these presentations?

Progression

Transformation

Inactivation

Exudation

Promotion (activation)

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You are studying a silvery downy plant of Asteraceae family, which is rich with essential oils and bitters. Harvested are apical sprouts with panicle of small round flower heads. This plant is:

Bidens tripartita

Calendula officinalis

Artemisia absinthium

Arctium lappa

Chamomilla recutita

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Among dosage forms there are numerous disperse systems. Specify the free disperse system:

Gel

Diaphragm

Jelly

Emulsion

Membrane

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A 55-year-old man, who had been suffering from mitral insufficiency for many years, developed acute heart failure. What pathophysiological type of heart failure can be observed in this case?

Due to neurogenic damage to the heart

Due to cardiac overload

Due to acute cardiac tamponade

Due to hypoxic damage to the heart

Due to coronarogenic damage to the heart

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Cataract (lenticular opacity) has developed in a 52-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus. Lenticular opacity was caused by intensification of the following processes:

Protein proteolysis

Ketogenesis

Gluconeogenesis

Lipolysis

Protein glycosylation

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During practice in the laboratory the students had been investigating in vitro, how malonate affects enzymes of tricarboxylic acid cycle. They detected accumulation of the following metabolite:

Isocitrate

Succinate

Succinyl-CoA

Fumarate

Malate

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Aqueous solution of the following substance will have the smallest surface tension, if all the listed solutions are taken in the same concentration:

Sodium chloride

Sodium stearate

Ethanol

Sodium hydroxide

Sucrose

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A 45-year-old woman, who for two weeks has been taking neodicoumarin (ethyl biscoumacetate) due to trombophlebitis, during a regular examination was detected to have decreased blood content of prothrombin, in urine there is microhematuria. What drug should be administered as a neodicoumarin antagonist?

Protamine sulfate

Heparin

Sodium citrate

Aminocapronic acid

Vicasol (Menadione)

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A patient complaining of dry mouth, photophobia, and visual impairment has been delivered into an admission room. The skin is hyperemic and dry; pupils are dilated; tachycardia is observed. The patient was diagnosed with belladonna alkaloids intoxication. What drug would be advisable?

Dipiroxim

Armin

Proserin

Pilocarpine

Aceclidine

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A child accidentally took a drink from the vial of grandmother’s medicine for glaucoma. The medicine was identified as pilocarpine hydrochloride. What drug can be used as an antidote?

Atropine

Aceclidine

Carbachol

Pentamin (Azamethonium bromide)

Benzohexonium (Hexamethonium)

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A woman suffering from neurosis has disturbed sleep. What drug is optimal for insomnia treatment?

Nitrazepam

Aethaminalum-natrium (Pentobarbital)

Bromisoval

Valerian tincture

Phenobarbital

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What antiprotozoal drug can be recommended to a woman with trichomoniasis?

Primaquine

Solusurminum (Sodium stibogluconate)

Chloridine

Metronidazole

Chiniofon

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Select the halogenated antiseptic that would be preferable for a child to pack in the first aid kit, when going to a summer camp:

Copper sulfate

Iodine alcoholic solution

Brilliant green

Methylene blue

Formaldehyde solution

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Name the most typical symptom of atropine poisoning:

Constricted pupils unresponsive to light

Bradycardia

Excessive sweating

Low intraocular pressure

Dilated pupils unresponsive to light

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A patient consulted an ophthalmologist about deterioration of twilight vision and xerophthalmus. What drug should the doctor prescribe?

Pyridoxine

Cocarboxylase

Retinol

Tocopherol

Ascorbic acid

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A woman with hypertension came to a doctor complaining of dry cough that developed against the background of her therapy. What antihypertensive drug was she taking?

Nifedipine

Furosemide

Atenolol

Dichlothiazide (Hydrochlorothiazide)

Lisinopril

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Decreased absorption of tetracyclines, if they are taken simultaneously with antacids, is an example of their:

Synergism

Functional antagonism

Pharmacodynamic incompatibility

Pharmacokinetic incompatibility

Pharmaceutical incompatibility

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A patient after craniocerebral trauma has been prescribed piracetam. What pharmacological group does this drug belong to?

Antipsychotics

General anesthetics

Nootropic agents

Tranquilizers

Non-narcotic analgesics

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Recommend the patient with glaucoma an M-cholinomimetic agent:

Levomycetin (Chloramphenicol)

Pilocarpine hydrochloride

Ephedrine hydrochloride

Sulfacyl-sodium (Sulfacetamide)

Atropine sulfate

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A patient with hypertension was prescribed a nonselective betaadrenergic blocking agent. Name this drug:

Prazosin

Labetalol

Anaprilin (Propranolol)

Proserin

Adrenalin hydrochloride

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In the course of bronchitis pharmacotherapy a patient has developed dyspeptic disorders, photodermatitis and hepatic failure. What drug can cause such disorders?

Ascorbic acid

Doxycycline

Paracetamol

Acetylcysteine

Codeine phosphate

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A 25-year-old woman with signs of acute morphine intoxication was administered naloxone, which rapidly improved her condition. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?

Opioid receptor blockade

Serotonin receptor blockade

Benzodiazepine receptor blockade

Dopamine receptor blockade

GABA receptor blockade

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Name the ability of a drug to accumulate within the patient’s body:

Cumulation

Habituation

Antagonism

Synergism

Allergy

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What pharmacological effect of acetylsalicylic acid allows its application in patients with ischemic heart disease for prevention of thromboses?

Analgesic

Antipyretic

Anti-inflammatory

Antiaggregant

Ulcerogenic

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A patient developed herpetic rashes. What drug should be prescribed in this case?

Benzylpenicillin

Clotrimazole

Biseptol (Co-trimoxazole)

Gentamicin

Acyclovir

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A woman complaining of sleep disturbance, fearfulness, and anxiety came to a neurologist. What drug should be prescribed in this case?

Oxytocin

Levodopa

Lisinopril

Diazepam

Nitroglycerine

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A man developed cardiac arrest due to thoracic trauma. Name the drug that should be introduced into the cavity of the left ventricle in this case:

Lisinopril

Adrenalin hydrochloride

Metoprolol

Salbutamol

Proserin

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A patient with acute heart failure was administered corglycon. What effect of this drug results in improvement of the patient’s condition?

Coronary vessels dilatation

Increased heart force

Decreased heart force

Decreased oxygen demand of myocardium

Increased heart rate

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Explain to an intern, what is the mechanism of analgesic action of morphine hydrochloride:

Choline esterase blockade

Opiate receptors stimulation

Phosphodiesterase blockade

Histamine receptors blockade

Adenylate cyclase stimulation

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What pharmacological effect of diazepam allows its application for termination of convulsions?

Hypnotic

Analgesic

Anti-inflammatory

Antipyretic

Anticonvulsant

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A patient suffers from hyperchromic B12-deficiency anemia. What vitamin preparation should be prescribed in this case?

Vicasol (Menadione)

Riboflavin

Cyanocobalamin

Thiamine chloride

Retinol acetate

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A man is diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. What drug should be prescribed in this case?

Anaprilin (Propranolol)

Nitrazepam

Levodopa

Aminazine

Paracetamol

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Direct titration CANNOT be applied for quantitative determination of calcium chloride by means of permanganatometry, because:

The reaction runs slowly

It is impossible to select the indicator to determine titration end point

Side reactions are possible

The reaction runs very quickly

The investigated substance does not interact with the titrant

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Colored or white component of double perianth, which consists of petals, is a:

Flower cup

Corolla

Androecium

Gynoecium

Perigonium

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A 54-year-old man requested a pharmacist’s advice on drug prescription. The patient has 4-year-long history of chronic glomerulonephritis and 2-yearlong history of persistent hypertension. What substance synthesized in the kidneys has important role in development of arterial hypertension?

Histamine

Nitric oxide

Renin

Catecholamines

Aldosterone

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A patient complains of general weakness, muscle weakness in the extremities (if the patient is asked to make a fist several times in a row, for example, the patient is capable of doing it only once), facial muscles are weak, swallowing is disturbed. Administration of acetylcholinesterase drugs removes these disturbances to a certain degree. Determine the pathology:

Paresis

Monoplegia

Hemiplegia

Paralysis

Myasthenia

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A drug solution sterilized by means of boiling was tested for sterility. Inoculation on Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealed clostridia. Clostridia survived the boiling because they are:

Spore-formers

Anaerobic

Acid-fast

Thermophilic

Prototrophic

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A 71-year-old woman developed mechanical jaundice due to obstruction of the bile duct with a chololith. Decrease of blood pressure and bradycardia are detected. These changes in functioning of the patient’s cardiovascular system are caused by increased blood content of the following substance:

Stercobilin

Urobilin

Direct bilirubin

Indirect bilirubin

Bile acids

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A sanitary-epidemic station employee has been poisoned when the premices were processed with an organophosphorous insecticide. What enzyme is inhibited by organophosphorous compounds?

Acetylcholinesterase

Pepsin

Catalase

Lactate dehydrogenase

Xanthine oxidase

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Indican excretion is a diagnostic criterion of intencified protein putrefaction in the intestine. Name the end product of tryptophan ”decay” occurring in the large intestine:

Putrescine

Hydrogen sulfide

Mercaptan

Indole

Benzoic acid

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The second stage of detoxification involves joining certain chemical compounds with functional groups of toxines. Select one such compound:

Glucuronic acid

Higher fatty acids

Glucose

Cholesterol

Pyruvate

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Actinomorphic apopetalous corolla include:

Ligulate

Funnelform

Cruciform

Campanulate

Tubular

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Selective medium can be used to separate various species of bacteria in a bacteriological laboratory. What medium of those listed below can be determined as selective?

Endo agar

Meat infusion broth

Alkaline peptone water

Hiss’ serum water medium

Meat infusion agar

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A 5-year-old child presents with abdominal distension, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea occurring 1-4 hours after drinking milk. Described symptoms are caused by the lack of enzymes that break up:

Saccharose

Glucose

Maltose

Lactose

Fructose

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If pH of a solution is lower than its isoelectric point, it means in this solution:

Anion and cation forms of amino acids are balanced

Cation forms of amino acids are prevalent

Irreversible protein precipitation occurs

Anion forms of amino acids are prevalent

Certain protein aggregates are formed

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Avidin - an egg white protein inhibits reception of biotin (carboxylase coenzyme) by the body. What reaction will be blocked by avidin administration?

Beta-oxidation of fatty acids

CO2 attachment to pyruvate

Detachment of phosphate residuals

NH3 detachment from glutamine

NH3 attachment to glutamate

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During mercurimetric titration of halogenide ions in the presence of diphenylcarbazone, at the titration end point the precipitate is produced. This precipitate will be colored:

Brown

Blue

Yellow

Green

Red

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When determining oxidizing agents by means of iodometry in the presence of starch the following phenomenon can be observed at the titration end point:

Red coloring appears

Green coloring of precipitate appears

Blue coloring disappears

White precipitate occurs

Green coloring of solution disappears

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To obtain exotoxins of some microorganisms, these microorganisms are inoculated into liquid nutrient medium, where microbial cultivation occurs and toxins are produced. At a certain stage it is necessary to remove the microbial cells from the medium, that is, to separate the toxins from microbes. What method should be applied in this case?

Autoclaving

Bacteria-excluding filters

Ultraviolet irradiation

Boiling

Disinfectants (chloramine)

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A plant producing essential oil has square stem, bilabiate corolla, coenobium fruit. These features are characteristic of:

Scrophulariaceae

Polygonaceae

Solanaceae

Lamiaceae

Papaveraceae

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A plant under investigation has compound uniform monopodium inflorescence - compound umbel. What plant is it characteristic of?

Sorbus aucuparia

Centaurea cyanus

Anethum graveolens

Rosa canina

Allium cepa

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During field practice a student was tasked with making a morphological collection of coenocarpous fruits. What type of fruit belongs to this group?

Drupe

Cynarodium

Fragaria

Hesperidium

Aggregate-accessory fruit

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A patient with gingivitis was prescribed oral cavity irrigation with 0,02% potassium permanganate solution. What group of antiseptics does this drug belong to?

Alcohols

Nitrofurans

Oxidants

Dyes

Detergents

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To relieve dry cough a patient with bronchitis was prescribed a drug that is an alkaloid of yellow horned-poppy. Name this drug:

Libexin (Prenoxdiazine)

Oxeladin

Codterpin

Glaucine hydrochloride

Codeine phosphate

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Hydrochloric acid was added into the solution under investigation. The resulting precipitate was filtered, then this filter cake was processed with hot water; after the filtrate cooled, KI solution was added into it. What cation was present in the solution, if the precipitate was colored yellow?

Ag+

Ca2+

Ba2+

Pb2+

Hg2+

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When cations are divided into analytical groups according to the acidbase classification, group reagents can be acids or bases. What acids can be used as group reagents?

HCI, H2SO4

H3PO4, H2C2O4

H2CO3

HCIO4

HNO3, CH3COOH

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Main process of ammonia neutralization occurs in the liver. Arginine decomposition reaction that produces urea as a result is catalyzed with arginase. What group of enzymes does arginase belong to?

Isomerases

Synthetases

Hydrolases

Oxidoreductases

Transferases

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Connection between plant cell protoplasts and their metabolic function is provided by thin cytoplasmic threads that pass through pores in the cell walls. Name these threads:

Plasmodesma

Microtubules

Microfilaments

Cytoskeleton

Fibrils

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On autopsy there are numerous suppurative foci within many of the internal organs. What pathological process is it characteristic of?

Bacteriemia

Toxemia

Septicemia

Sepsis

Septicopyemia

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Isotonicity is required of infusion solutions. What phenomenon occurs when a hypertensive solution is introduced into blood plasma?

Thixotropy

Denaturation

Osmosis

Plasmolysis

Hemolysis

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The third analitycal group of cations (acid-base classification) includes Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+. What acid can function as a precipitator agent (group reagent) for these cations?

HCI

HNO3

CH3COOH

H2SO4

HCIO4

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During routine preventive examination the local pediatrician noticed a boy of short stature. Mental development of the child corresponds with his age. What endocrine disorder is it?

Cretinism

Rickets

Gigantism

Pituitary nanism

Acromegalia

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Eicosanoids synthesis begins with freeing polyene acids from membrane phospholipids by means of a specific phospholipase. Name this enzyme:

Cyclooxygenase

Protein kinase

Arginase

Phospholipase C

Phospholipase A2

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Thermal analysis is used in pharmacy to identify drugs and determine drug purity. What coordinates are necessary to build a cooling curve?

Volume-time

Volume-temperature

Pressure-time

Temperature-volume

Temperature-time

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Both scientific and folk medicine uses medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra L. What part of the plant is harvested?

Grass

Inflorescence

Roots and rhizomes

Seeds

Foliage

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Choose the formula of nonionic surfactant among those listed below:

CH3(OCH2CH2)10OH

C6H13NH2COONa

C11H23OSO3Na

C2H5NH2 • HCl

C15H31COONa

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A pregnant woman was diagnosed with vaginal dysbacteriosis. What drug should be prescribed in this case?

Bacteriophage

Antibiotic

Polyvitamins

Interferon

Probiotic

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A patient has been receiving Theophylline (inhibitor of cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase) for a week. What hormone can increase its action due to such treatment and cause hyperglycemia?

Aldosterone

Estradiol

Insulin

Testosterone

Glucagon

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Reaction of sodium ions with potassium hexahydroxoantimonate (V) in neutral medium produces precipitate. Specify the color of this precipitate:

Green

White

Red

Yellow

Blue

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Reaction with potassium permanganate is used to detect reducing anions. Specify the anion that decolorizes potassium permanganate:

Sulfite

Tetraborate

Arsenate

Carbonate

Sulfate

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A 25-year-old-patient with the II degree thermal burns came to a doctor. Objectively: there are large blisters on the upper limbs; the blisters are filled with clear exudate containing mostly water and albumines with isolated leukocytes. Name the type of the exudate:

Catarrhal (mucous)

Hemorrhagic

Fibrinous

Purulent

Serous

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Rhizome of an Asteraceae family species is polycephalous, succulent, has lysigenous cavities, accumulates inulin. Such underground organ is characterisic of:

Inula helenium

Sorbus aucuparia

Hyoscyamus niger

Helianthus annuus

Digitalis grandiflora

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Osmotic pressure is an important characteristic of biological fluids. Semipermeable membranes are necessary for penetration of solvent molecules. What substance CANNOT be used as a semipermeable membrane?

Parchment

Biological membrane

Glass

Gelatine

Collodion film

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Specify the substance that can be determined by means of polarimetry:

Sulfuric acid

Benzene

This method will suffice for any substance

Sodium chloride

Glucose

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A local general practitioner recommends taking interferon for influenza prevention. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?

Blocks virus protein synthesis

Prevents adsorption of virus in cell receptors

Blocks virus stripping

Disrupts the process of virus assembly

Inhibits virion exit from cells

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What cation can be detected with Chugaiev’s agent (Dimethylglyoxime)?

Ni2+

+

Ca2+

Mn2+

Co2+

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A solution of hydrogen peroxide in an acid medium was added into investigated solution, leading to blue coloring of the resulting solution. This analytical effect indicates the presence of the following anions:

Cl(−)

Cr2O7(2−)

Cr2O4(2−)

NO3(−)

MnO4(−)

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A patient presents with hypoxia. What metabolic process activates when oxygen supply is insufficient?

Urea cycle

Oxidative decarboxylation of keto acids

Pentose-phosphate pathway

Tricarboxylic acid cycle

Anaerobic glycolysis

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A child had been administered antidiphtheric serum. What resistance was formed in the child?

Physiological

Passive

Primary

Active

Pathologic

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A patient with brain edema presents with respiration that is characterized by periods of several respiratory movements of equal amplitude alternating with periods of apnea. What pathologic respiration is it characteristic of?

Apneustic respiration

Cheyne-Stokes’ respiration

Gasping respiration

Kussmaul’s respiration

Biot’s respiration

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A patient in the state of ketoacidotic coma presents with loud rapid respiration: labored expiration with tension of expiratory muscles occurs after deep inspiration. Name the type of pathologic respiration:

Stenotic

Cheyne-Stokes’

Biot’s

Kussmaul’s

Gasping

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In a nursery-garden some medicinal plants developed signs of a disease: there are yellow spots and necrotic foci on the leaves. Sap of the diseased plants remained infectious even after passing through a bacteria-excluding filter. No microorganisms growth was detected on the nutrient medium. What microorganisms could be the cause of this disease?

Viruses

Fungi

Bacteria

Ray fungi

Mycoplasma

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Bark of a thornless xylophyte of the Rhamnaceae family has laxative effect. Name this plant:

Frangula alnus

Rubus idaeus

Crataegus sanguinea

Hippophaё rhamnoides

Aronia melanocarpa

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Different structures of a bacterial cell perform different functions. What dispensable component of a cell ensures its survival within hostile environment?

Flagella

Inclusions

Cilia

Spores

Capsule

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Total content of chloride, bromide, and iodide ions in the investigated solution can be quantitatively determined with the following titrant:

Potassium permanganate solution

Potassium dichromate solution

Silver nitrate solution

Sodium thiosulfate solution

Sodium nitrite solution

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Specify the reaction product of complete aniline hydrogenation:

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Name the isomer of diethyl ether functional group: CH3 − CH2 − O − CH2 − CH3:

Butanol

Butanal

Dimethyl ether

Ethanol

Ethyl acetate

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What substance can be identified with aqueous solution of FeCl3?

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What reaction proves that phenol has acidic properties?

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Gravimetry (precipitation method) is used for quantitative determination of sulfates in potable water. What substance should be used as precipitator for sulfates?

BaCI2

KCI

MgCI2

NH4NO3

NaCI

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In 9 days after administration of a therapeutic serum the patient developed urticaria, itching, edemas, and lymph nodes enlargement. What type of allergic reaction has occurred in the patient?

Cellular

Immune complex

Anaphylactic

Stimulating

Cytotoxic

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Which of the listed compounds is an alpha-amino acid?

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Exudation is characteristic of inflammation. What factors cause exudation and local edema of the inflamed area?

Hyperglycemia

Increased permeability of vessel wall

Decreased permeability of vessel wall

Ischemia

Leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells

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For cardiovascular disease prevention the patient was recommended to take vitamin F. What is the chemical nature of this vitamin?

Amino acids complex

Cholesterol derivative

Polysaccharide complex

Complex of polyunsaturated fatty acids

Carotin derivative

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Wetting occurs when a drop of a liquid comes into contact with the surface of a solid substance. The degree of wetting is measured through:

Drop density

Drop size

Work of adhesion

Contact angle

Surface tension

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A perennial plant has white flower heads grouped in compound corymbs and bipinnatisected or tripinnatisected leaves. Name this plant:

Potentilla erecta

Phaseolus vulgaris

Melilotus officinalis

Taraxacum officinale

Аchillea millefolium

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What organic compounds are produced in the result of intramolecular dehydration of monohydric alcohols?

Arenes

Aldehydes

Alkenes

Alkanes

Esters

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A group of children in the kindergarten (6-year-olds) received Mantoux test; 15 children presented with negative results. What measures should be taken towards these children?

Referral for fluorography

Isolation

Tuberculosis antitoxin

Repeat the test

BCG vaccination

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Increased concentration of active oxygen forms is a mechanism of pathogenesis in a number of diseases. To prevent this process, antioxidants are prescribed. Select an antioxidant from the list below:

Alpha-tocopherol

Glicerol

Calciferol

Cobalamine

Glucose

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During excursion into a conifer forest the students noticed that bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) stems are lignified only partially in their lower part, the upper part of the stem retains the form of caulis. Therefore, this plant can be classified as:

Perennial grass

Annual grass

Tree

Liana

Suffrutex

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Antibiotics derived from various species of actinomycetes are widely used in medical practice. Point out these drugs among those listed below:

Chloreline, arenarinum

Penicillin, cephalosporin, griseofulvin

Polymyxin, bacitracin

Aminoglycosides (streptomycin, monomycin)

Lysozyme, erytrinum

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In a human body there occur numerous reactions of direct interaction between substrate and molecular oxygen. What enzyme catalyzes attachment of two oxygen atoms to the substrate?

Glutathione reductase

Superoxide dismutase

Dioxygenase

Catalase

Monooxygenase

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Seeds of rye, corn, and other crops have small corymb-shaped cotyledon and accumulate nutrients in the:

Gemmule

Shell

Endosperm

Embryo root

Perisperm

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A 55-year-old man came to a doctor with complaints of acute pain in his big toes. Meat and wine remain permanently in his diet. The doctor suspects gout. What substance must be measured in the patient’s blood to confirm this diagnosis?

Ketone bodies

Lactate

Urea

Bilirubin

Uric acid

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Isotonic glucose solution is widely used as a solvent or infuson medium for introduction of various drugs. What mass fraction is characteristic of this solution?

20%

5%

1%

15%

10%

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Name the process of cell membrane saturation with a fat-like substance suberin:

Suberization

Mineralisation

Sliming

Lignification

Cutinization

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A man has been suffering from rheumatoid arthritis for 10 years. Due to its exacerbation he had been taking acetylsalicylic acid and prednisolone. The patient complains of stomachache, eructation, nausea, sensation of full epigastrium, and meteorism. On gastroscopy there was an erosion (0,5x0,5 cm) of gastric mucosa detected. What is the cause of gastric mucosa defect development?

Prolonged taking of aspirin and hormones

Prolonged hypersthenia of gastric muscles

Age-related changes of mucosa

Immune-mediated destruction of gastric mucosa

Dysbacteriosis development

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Treatment of a number of pathologic changes in human body is based on the peptization process, particularly disintegration of thrombi within blood vessels. The most important condition for efficient peptization can be determined as:

Introduction of excessive solvent

Timely introduction of anticoagulant

Ultrasound effect

Heating

Shaking

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The patient’s large-focal myocardial infarction is complicated with pulmonary edema. What disturbance of cardiohemodynamics contributed to the pulmonary edema development?

Cardiogenic shock

Autoimmune myocarditis

Acute left ventricular failure

Acute right ventricular failure

Reperfusion syndrome

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The fruit is a thorned many-seeded capsule that opens into four flaps when ripe. It is characteristic of:

Hyoscyamus niger

Linum usitatissimum

Papaver somniferum

Digitalis purpurea

Datura stramonium

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An interhospital pharmacy received a short-acting narcotic analgesic that is 100 times more active than morphine. Name this drug:

Analgin (Metamizole)

Fentanyl

Ketanov (Ketorolac)

Naloxone

Naltrexone

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Hemoglobin break-up begins in the cells of reticuloendothelial system. What enzyme catalyzes the reduction reaction of biliverdine into bilirubin?

Hexokinase

Biliverdine reductase

Heme oxygenase

Beta-glucuronidase

Xanthine oxidase

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To stop diarrhea the doctor prescribed a drug that affects opiate receptors of the intestine and decreases its peristalsis. Name this drug:

Loperamide

Voltaren (Diclofenac)

Levorin

Heparin

Tetracycline

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What formula corresponds with alpha-nitropyrole?

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Essential oils are used both in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. To extract essential oils from herbal raw material the following technology is used:

Potentiometry

Conductometry

Colorimetry

Steam distillation

Calorimetry

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Specify the mechanism of the given reaction: H+, t>170oC C2H5OH −−−−−−−−→ H2C = CH2+H2O

S (electrophilic substitution)

N (nucleophilic attachment)

SN (nucleophilic substitution)

Е (elimination)

SR (radical substitution)

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What type of bonds participates in creation of both linear and cyclic carboxylic acid associates in the form of dimers?

Nonpolar covalent bonds

Hydrogen bonds

Donor-acceptor bonds

Polar covalent bonds

Ionic bonds

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Specify the functional group of isoniazide (an isonicotinic acid derivative) molecule:

Carboxyl group

Pyridine heterocyclic group

Ester group

Hydrazide group

Amide group

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What compound is synthesized by means of beta-picoline oxidation?

Ascorbic acid

Nicotinic acid

Uric acid

Benzoic acid

Barbituric acid

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Specify quinoline among the compounds given below:

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Name the substance B in the following transformation:

Acetic acid

Ethanol

Ethanal

Propanal

Propanone

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What substance produces ketone, when oxidized with potassium permanganate?

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Among the given isomer pairs choose the position isomers of the functional group:

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Among the given substances choose the one that is used for oxidation of organic compounds:

CH3 − CH3

KMnO4

NH2 − NH2

NaOH

HCl

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What substance will be produced as the result of the following reaction: C6H5 − N+ ≡ NCl− + KJ −(t)→?

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What reagent can simultaneously detect aldehyde group and glycol fragment in a glucose molecule?

FeCl3

KMnO4

Br2

AlCl3

Cu(OH)2

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