Step 1 - Pharmacy 2017

In a child-rearing facility there was an outbreak of measles. What specific urgent prophylaxis should be administered to contact UNVACCINATED children?

Gamma globulin against measles

Medical screening of the children

Measles virus vaccine live

Isolation and treatment of infected children

DPT vaccine

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Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law is the basis of molecular absorption analysis. According to this law, optical density of a solution is:

Directly proportional to concentration and inversely proportional to layer thickness

Directly proportional to layer thickness and absorption coefficient

Inversely proportional to layer thickness and concentration of a substance

Directly proportional to concentration and inversely proportional to absorption coefficient

Directly proportional to layer thickness and concentration of a substance

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Within folded parenchyma of a fir needle there are cavernous structures filled with galipot and lined with live thin-walled secretory cells. Name these structures:

Laticifers

Resin ducts

Hydatodes

Nectar glands

Glandules

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A chemotherapeutic agent has bactericidal effect against streptococci, staphylococci, bacilli, and clostridia. According to its action spectrum this drug belongs to the following group:

Broad spectrum antifungal agents

Antituberculous agents

Antiviral agents

Narrow spectrum antibacterial agents

Broad spectrum antibacterial agents

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Stem thickening occurs due to functioning of the following structures:

Intercalary meristem

Endoderm

Apical meristem

Lateral meristem

Wound meristem

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To determine mass fraction of sodium chloride in a drug, the Fajans method should be applied. Titration is to be performed in the presence of the following indicator solution:

Phenolphthalein

Methyl red

Ammonium iron (III) sulfate

Potassium chromate

Fluorescein

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Sulfanilamide drugs contain primary aromatic amides in their structure. Specify the method of quantitative determination of these compounds:

Cerimetry

Permanganatometry

Nitritometry

Dichromatometry

Iodometry

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Microbe survival within environment is facilitated by spore formation. What microorganisms of those listed below are spore formers:

Clostridia

Staphylococci

Bacteroides

Peptococci

Peptostreptococci

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Synthesis of a medicinal substance occurs in an isolated system. What is a direction criterion of spontaneous processes?

Intrinsic energy

Helmholtz energy

Enthalpy

Entropy change

Gibbs energy

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Dissociation degree in 0,01 M water solution is the same for all the strong electrolytes listed below. Name the substance with the highest boiling temperature of such solution:

Na3PO4

K3PO4

KCl

Al2(SO4)3

Cu(NO3)2

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Proteins are of great importance for vital functions. What value of pH results in zero electrophoretic mobility of gelatin (gelatin isoelectric point equals 4,7)?

7,0

5,5

14,0

9,4

4,7

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Enzymes are widely used as drugs in pharmacy. What is the main difference that separates enzymes from non-biological catalysts?

Low universality

High universality

High dispersion

High specificity and selectivity

High homogeneity

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Chloroform and sodium nitrite solution were added into the acidulous investigated solution. The chloroform layer colored red-violet, which indicates the presence of:

Iodide ions

Chloride ions

Sulfate ions

Fluoride ions

Carbonate ions

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The following should be used for sterilization of laboratory glassware in a microbiological laboratory:

Bactericidal lamps

Hot-air sterilizer

Koch’s steam sterilizer

Disinfectant

Bacteria-excluding filters

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Parents of a 10-year-old child have made an appointment with an endocrinologist due to complaints of the child’s low height. The child’s appearance is corresponding with that of a 5-yearold. What hormone causes such changes in physical development, if its secretion is disturbed?

Insulin

Thyroxin

Testosterone

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Somatotropic hormone

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Dry residue received after evaporation of the investigated solution turns previously colorless burner flame yellow, which is observed as violet through blue glass. What cations are there in the dry residue?

Na+ , Sr2+

Na+, K+

Na+, Ca2+

a2+, K+

Li+, Ba2+

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A smear of purulent excharge from urethra contains gram-negative beanshaped diplococci with both extra- and intracellular positions. Make the provisional microbiological diagnosis:

Chlamydiosis

Trichomoniasis

Candidiasis

Syphilis

Gonorrhea

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Under isobaric-isothermal conditions the possibility and direction of spontaneous processes can be predicted through change of:

Enthalpy

Entropy

Gibbs energy

Helmholtz energy

Intrinsic energy

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Investigated solution contains potassium and ammonium ions. Specify the reagent that can indicate the presence of potassium ions in this solution:

Potassium hexacyanoferrate (II)

Uranyl zinc acetate

Potassium tetraiodomercurate

Sodium chloride

Sodium acetate

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An injured person exhibits the following signs at the site of trauma: skin redness, throbbing small arteries, elevated local temperature, increased tissue turgor. What local blood circulation disorder are these presentations typical of?

Venous hyperemia

Thrombosis

Ischemia

Arterial hyperemia

Embolism

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During investigation of bacterial contamination of air it is necessary to take into account both total amount of microorganisms in a certain volume and qualitative content of microflora. What microorganisms are the sanitary indicators of air contamination within enclosed spaces?

Yeast fungi

Mold fungi

Staphylococcus aureus

Colibacillus

Hay bacillus

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Purine ring biosynthesis occurs in ribose-5-phosphate through gradual accumulation of nitrogen and carbon atoms and closing of the rings. The source of ribose phosphate is the process of:

Glyconeogenesis

Glycolysis

Glycogenolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Pentose phosphate cycle

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Number of freedom degrees at the point of intersection of liquidus with Y-axis on the fusibility chart of a twocomponent system would equal:

4

2

3

1

0

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In the process of qualitative analysis to determine strontium ions, so-called ”gypseous water” is used. This substance can be defined as:

Solution of Ca(OH)2

Concentrated aqueous solution of CaSO4

Concentrated aqueous solution of CO2

Aqueous solution of Ba(NO3)2

Solution of (OH)2

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Which of the ligands is bidentate?

Thiocyanate ion

Ethylenediamine

Cyanide ion

Pyridine

Hydroxide ion

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Name the pH value, under which occurs the most intense color change of an indicator:

pT value

Color change interval

Equivalence point

pK value

Titration end point

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What compound produces phthalic acid during oxidation?

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To distinguish between phenol and salicylic acid the following reagent is used:

Sodium bicarbonate solution

Bromine solution

Sodium chloride solution

Iron (III) chloride solution

Sodium hydroxide solution

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Reaction of benzaldehyde with chlorine produces:

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Bacterial culture obtained from patient DOES NOT grow when exposed to oxygen. Conditions suitable for bacterial culture growth can be created in:

Pasteur oven

Oxidative medium

Anaerobic culture jar

Serum-supplemented medium

Krotov apparatus

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Specify the number of electrons that participate in creation of closed conjugated system within the pyrimidine molecule:

2

10

8

6

4

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An oncological patient was prescribed fluorouracil that is a competitive inhibitor of thymidine synthase. It inhibits the process of:

Pyrimidine nucleotides synthesis

Carbohydrate disintegration

Lipids synthesis

Purine nucleotides disintegration

Purine nucleotides synthesis

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During feces analysis of a 3-monthold child with signs of enteric infection, numerous dark-red colonies has grown on Endo agar. What microorganisms can be the cause of such enteric infection?

Salmonellae

Gonococci

Shigella

Streptococci

Escherichia

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Sedimentation analysis has been applied for assessment of air purity in an aseptic unit of a phamacy. The test resulted in growth of the small colonies with areas of hemolysis. What medium was used for inoculation?

Egg-yolk salt agar

Endo agar

Ploskirev’s agar

Blood agar

Levine’s agar (Eosin Methylene Blue agar)

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Reaction of urea with nitrous acid produces the following:

CO2 + N2 + H2O

CO + NH3 + CO2

CO2 + NO + NH3

CO2 + NO2 + H2O

CO2 + NH3 + NO2

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Surface tension is an important characteristic of a liquid. What substance has maximal surface tension?

Acetone

Water

Chloroform

Benzene

Ethanol

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What standard solution can be used to standardize the solution of I2?

Potassium dichromate solution

Sodium nitrite solution

Potassium permanganate solution

Sodium thiosulfate solution

Potassium iodide solution

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Catalysts are widely used in production of drugs. How can reaction acceleration in the presence of a catalyst be explained?

Molecule speed increases

Collision frequency decreases

Total collision frequency increases

Activation energy decreases

Activation energy increases

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Microorganisms in the environment are being affected by various physical factors. What is the effect of high temperature on a microbial cell?

Albuminolysis

Mutagenic effect

Irreversible degradation of all cellular structures

Fats saponification

Transition into anabiosis state

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A person has been stung by a bee. The stung area developed redness and edema. What is the main mechanism of edema development?

Decreased oncotic blood pressure

Increased permeability of the capillaries

Increased hydrostatic blood pressure

Disturbed lymphatic efflux

Decreased osmotic blood pressure

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During identification of fruits of Datura family they were determined to be a:

Berry in an orange cup

Glossy black berry

Thorned quadrivalve capsule

Juicy globular cynarodium

Urceolate capsule with a lid

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During examination of a patient with intestinal infection, inoculation in Endo medium resulted in multi-colored colonies: red and colorless. According to its purpose this medium can be determined as:

Differential diagnostic

Universal

-

Selective

Special

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Formation enthalpy equals zero for the following substance:

CaCO3

H2SO4

H2O2

O2

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Nicotinic acid amide fulfills important metabolic function. What disorder develops, when it is deficient in the organism?

Anemia

Rickets

Beriberi

Xerophthalmia

Pellagra

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At the triple point of the water phase diagram:

P=3; f=1

f=0

P=3; n=1

f=1

f=2

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Reaction of benzene sulfonation produces:

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Select the formula of diazonium salt:

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Choose the reaction of ester production among those listed below:

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A patient was delivered into a resuscitation unit with signs of alcohol poisoning. The patient developed hypoxia of the following pathogenesis:

Tissue

Hemic

Mixed

Hypoxic

Circulatory

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Select the compound with amphoteric properties (which reacts both with acids and bases and produces salts):

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Since 2005 in Asian and European countries there was recorded unusually high avian flu morbidity. Such spread of epidemic process can be determined as:

Endemia

Epidemic

Sporadic

Pandemia

Epizooty

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Pharmacopoeia reaction to determine benzoate ions requires interaction with the solution of:

Iron (III) chloride

Diphenylamine

Potassium chloride

Acetic anhydride

Resorcin

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Tricarboxylic acid cycle is a general way of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids oxidation. Specify the acid with which acetyl-CoA reacts first in tricarboxylic acid cycle:

Malic

Citric

Fumaric

Oxaloacetic

Isocitric

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Specify the substance that results from the following reaction: CH ≡ CH HOH, Hg2+ −−−−−−−→?

Propanal

Ethanol

Ethanal

Propanone

Acetic acid

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Choose the indicator and titration method to determine hydrogen carbonate ions in a drug:

Murexide, acidimetry

Methyl-orange, acidimetry

Phenolphthalein, acidimetry

Phenolphthalein, alkalimetry

Methyl-orange, alkalimetry

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Pharmacopoeia reaction to determine phosphate ions is a reaction with magnesia mixture. It results in production of white crystalline precipitate gNH4PO4. Magnesia mixture consists of the following:

MgCl2, MnSO4, NH4Cl

MgCl2, NH3 • H2O, NH4Cl

MgCl2, NaOH, NaCl

MgCl2, NH4Cl

MnCl2, NH3 • H2O, NaCl

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An ophthalmologist has detected increased time of dark adaptation in a patient. What vitamin deficiency can result in such symptom?

B1

K

B6

C

A

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Prolonged taking of cytostatic agents resulted in development of necrotic tonsillitis in the patient. It can be associated with the following changes in the leukocyte content:

Agranulocytosis

Lymphocytosis

Eosinopenia

Lymphopenia

Neutrophilic leukocytosis

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During photosynthesis within plant cell chloroplasts there is short-term retained starch being produced, which rapidly hydrolyzes into glucose. This starch is called:

Transitory

Secondary

Resistant

Reserve

Primary

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A patient with type I diabetes mellitus developed hyperketonemic coma. What acid-base imbalance will be observed in the patient?

Nongaseous acidosis

Gaseous alkalosis

Nongaseous alkalosis

Gaseous acidosis

There will be no acid-base imbalances

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Reaction rate constant of a hypothetical reaction is measured as s−1. What is the order of this reaction?

Zero-order

Second-order

First-order

Fractional-order

Third-order

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Species character of Thymus serpyllum includes: apical inflorescences (flower heads), dark punctate glands on the inferior surface of a leaf, long hairs along the edge of leaf base, and:

Climbing stems

Creeping stems

Thorns

Short decumbent stems

Stems with prickles

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Natural peptides can perform various functions. What bioactive peptide is a major antioxidant and fulfills coenzyme functions?

Liberin

Glutathione

Anserine

Oxytocin

Bradykinin

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Gout develops when purine nucleotide metabolism is disturbed. A doctor prescribed the patient allopurinol that is a competitive inhibitor of:

Hexokinase

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Lactate dehydrogenase

Xanthine oxidase

Succinate dehydrogenase

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Specify the indicator of the protective properties of high-molecular compounds of body, which promote the retention of calcium, phosphate and carbonate in blood plasma:

Coagulation threshold

Volume of sol coagulated by 1 mol of the electrolyte substance

Critical micelle concentration

Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance

Protective value

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In a research center there is a live vaccine against dysentery being created. What property of attenuated vaccine strain should coincide with the properties of original virulent strain of dysentery bacillus?

Antigenic structure

Biochemical activity

Antibiotic susceptibility

Morphology

Toxin production

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Plantago major inflorescence grows at the apex, its rachis is long, with sessile flowers. Name this type of inflorescence:

Spike

Capitulum

Thyrse

Spadix

Panicle

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Microbiological investigation of vaginal suppositories determined them to be CONTRARY to the Pharmacopoeia demands. What microflora was detected in the suppositories, resulting in such a conclusion?

Citrobacter

Tetracoccus

Blue pus bacillus

Micrococcus

Sarcina

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A number of hereditary diseases is caused by mutations in gene areas that determine beginning or end of an intron. What process results in removal of introns and joining of exons?

Splicing

Replication

Translation

Transcription

Recombination

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Hyperlipemia can be observed in 23 hours after eating fatty food. 9 hours later lipid content normalizes again. How can this condition be characterized?

Alimentary hyperlipemia

Hyperplastic obesity

Retention hyperlipemia

Transport hyperlipemia

Hypertrophic obesity

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Name the mercurimetry titrant:

0,1 М solution of KSCN

0,1 М solution of NH4SCN

0,1 М solution of Hg2(NO3)2

0,1 М solution of NaNO2

0,1 М solution of AgNO3

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What inflorescences are characteristic of Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) family?

Spadix or panicle

Raceme or panicle

Corymb or spike

Capitulum or corymb

Capitulum or umbel

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What cation of the 4th analytical group is present in a solution, if its reaction with the group reagent results in formation of yellow precipitate?

Sn2+

Al3+

Cr3+

Zn2+

Sn(IV)

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A patient presents with icteric sclera and mucous tunics; urine is dark; feces are light-colored. Blood content of direct and indirect bilirubin is increased, urine content of direct bilirubin is increased. What pathology can be characterized by these signs?

Atherosclerosis

Hemolytic jaundice

Hepatocellular jaundice

Obstructive jaundice

Jaundice of the newborn

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The patient presents with rapid growth of a tumor node and its progressing malignization. What stage of tumor growth can be characterized by these presentations?

Transformation

Inactivation

Progression

Exudation

Promotion (activation)

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You are studying a silvery downy plant of Asteraceae family, which is rich with essential oils and bitters. Harvested are apical sprouts with panicle of small round flower heads. This plant is:

Chamomilla recutita

Bidens tripartita

Arctium lappa

Calendula officinalis

Artemisia absinthium

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Among dosage forms there are numerous disperse systems. Specify the free disperse system:

Gel

Emulsion

Jelly

Membrane

Diaphragm

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A 55-year-old man, who had been suffering from mitral insufficiency for many years, developed acute heart failure. What pathophysiological type of heart failure can be observed in this case?

Due to hypoxic damage to the heart

Due to acute cardiac tamponade

Due to neurogenic damage to the heart

Due to coronarogenic damage to the heart

Due to cardiac overload

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Cataract (lenticular opacity) has developed in a 52-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus. Lenticular opacity was caused by intensification of the following processes:

Ketogenesis

Lipolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Protein glycosylation

Protein proteolysis

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During practice in the laboratory the students had been investigating in vitro, how malonate affects enzymes of tricarboxylic acid cycle. They detected accumulation of the following metabolite:

Isocitrate

Succinyl-CoA

Malate

Succinate

Fumarate

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Aqueous solution of the following substance will have the smallest surface tension, if all the listed solutions are taken in the same concentration:

Sucrose

Sodium stearate

Ethanol

Sodium chloride

Sodium hydroxide

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A 45-year-old woman, who for two weeks has been taking neodicoumarin (ethyl biscoumacetate) due to trombophlebitis, during a regular examination was detected to have decreased blood content of prothrombin, in urine there is microhematuria. What drug should be administered as a neodicoumarin antagonist?

Vicasol (Menadione)

Aminocapronic acid

Heparin

Sodium citrate

Protamine sulfate

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A patient complaining of dry mouth, photophobia, and visual impairment has been delivered into an admission room. The skin is hyperemic and dry; pupils are dilated; tachycardia is observed. The patient was diagnosed with belladonna alkaloids intoxication. What drug would be advisable?

Pilocarpine

Proserin

Dipiroxim

Aceclidine

Armin

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A child accidentally took a drink from the vial of grandmother’s medicine for glaucoma. The medicine was identified as pilocarpine hydrochloride. What drug can be used as an antidote?

Aceclidine

Pentamin (Azamethonium bromide)

Atropine

Benzohexonium (Hexamethonium)

Carbachol

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A woman suffering from neurosis has disturbed sleep. What drug is optimal for insomnia treatment?

Aethaminalum-natrium (Pentobarbital)

Phenobarbital

Valerian tincture

Bromisoval

Nitrazepam

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What antiprotozoal drug can be recommended to a woman with trichomoniasis?

Solusurminum (Sodium stibogluconate)

Metronidazole

Primaquine

Chiniofon

Chloridine

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Select the halogenated antiseptic that would be preferable for a child to pack in the first aid kit, when going to a summer camp:

Iodine alcoholic solution

Brilliant green

Formaldehyde solution

Copper sulfate

Methylene blue

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Name the most typical symptom of atropine poisoning:

Constricted pupils unresponsive to light

Excessive sweating

Dilated pupils unresponsive to light

Bradycardia

Low intraocular pressure

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A patient consulted an ophthalmologist about deterioration of twilight vision and xerophthalmus. What drug should the doctor prescribe?

Tocopherol

Cocarboxylase

Retinol

Ascorbic acid

Pyridoxine

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A woman with hypertension came to a doctor complaining of dry cough that developed against the background of her therapy. What antihypertensive drug was she taking?

Atenolol

Nifedipine

Furosemide

Lisinopril

Dichlothiazide (Hydrochlorothiazide)

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Decreased absorption of tetracyclines, if they are taken simultaneously with antacids, is an example of their:

Pharmacodynamic incompatibility

Pharmacokinetic incompatibility

Pharmaceutical incompatibility

Synergism

Functional antagonism

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A patient after craniocerebral trauma has been prescribed piracetam. What pharmacological group does this drug belong to?

Non-narcotic analgesics

Nootropic agents

Antipsychotics

General anesthetics

Tranquilizers

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Recommend the patient with glaucoma an M-cholinomimetic agent:

Atropine sulfate

Ephedrine hydrochloride

Levomycetin (Chloramphenicol)

Sulfacyl-sodium (Sulfacetamide)

Pilocarpine hydrochloride

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A patient with hypertension was prescribed a nonselective betaadrenergic blocking agent. Name this drug:

Adrenalin hydrochloride

Labetalol

Proserin

Prazosin

Anaprilin (Propranolol)

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In the course of bronchitis pharmacotherapy a patient has developed dyspeptic disorders, photodermatitis and hepatic failure. What drug can cause such disorders?

Paracetamol

Ascorbic acid

Codeine phosphate

Doxycycline

Acetylcysteine

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A 25-year-old woman with signs of acute morphine intoxication was administered naloxone, which rapidly improved her condition. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?

Benzodiazepine receptor blockade

GABA receptor blockade

Opioid receptor blockade

Dopamine receptor blockade

Serotonin receptor blockade

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Name the ability of a drug to accumulate within the patient’s body:

Allergy

Antagonism

Cumulation

Habituation

Synergism

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What pharmacological effect of acetylsalicylic acid allows its application in patients with ischemic heart disease for prevention of thromboses?

Ulcerogenic

Antiaggregant

Anti-inflammatory

Analgesic

Antipyretic

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A patient developed herpetic rashes. What drug should be prescribed in this case?

Clotrimazole

Benzylpenicillin

Acyclovir

Gentamicin

Biseptol (Co-trimoxazole)

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A woman complaining of sleep disturbance, fearfulness, and anxiety came to a neurologist. What drug should be prescribed in this case?

Nitroglycerine

Levodopa

Diazepam

Lisinopril

Oxytocin

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A man developed cardiac arrest due to thoracic trauma. Name the drug that should be introduced into the cavity of the left ventricle in this case:

Lisinopril

Metoprolol

Adrenalin hydrochloride

Salbutamol

Proserin

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A patient with acute heart failure was administered corglycon. What effect of this drug results in improvement of the patient’s condition?

Decreased oxygen demand of myocardium

Coronary vessels dilatation

Decreased heart force

Increased heart rate

Increased heart force

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Explain to an intern, what is the mechanism of analgesic action of morphine hydrochloride:

Opiate receptors stimulation

Histamine receptors blockade

Adenylate cyclase stimulation

Phosphodiesterase blockade

Choline esterase blockade

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What pharmacological effect of diazepam allows its application for termination of convulsions?

Antipyretic

Analgesic

Anticonvulsant

Anti-inflammatory

Hypnotic

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A patient suffers from hyperchromic B12-deficiency anemia. What vitamin preparation should be prescribed in this case?

Retinol acetate

Thiamine chloride

Riboflavin

Cyanocobalamin

Vicasol (Menadione)

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A man is diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. What drug should be prescribed in this case?

Paracetamol

Levodopa

Aminazine

Nitrazepam

Anaprilin (Propranolol)

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Direct titration CANNOT be applied for quantitative determination of calcium chloride by means of permanganatometry, because:

Side reactions are possible

The reaction runs slowly

The reaction runs very quickly

It is impossible to select the indicator to determine titration end point

The investigated substance does not interact with the titrant

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Colored or white component of double perianth, which consists of petals, is a:

Flower cup

Corolla

Androecium

Gynoecium

Perigonium

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A 54-year-old man requested a pharmacist’s advice on drug prescription. The patient has 4-year-long history of chronic glomerulonephritis and 2-yearlong history of persistent hypertension. What substance synthesized in the kidneys has important role in development of arterial hypertension?

Catecholamines

Nitric oxide

Histamine

Renin

Aldosterone

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A patient complains of general weakness, muscle weakness in the extremities (if the patient is asked to make a fist several times in a row, for example, the patient is capable of doing it only once), facial muscles are weak, swallowing is disturbed. Administration of acetylcholinesterase drugs removes these disturbances to a certain degree. Determine the pathology:

Monoplegia

Paresis

Hemiplegia

Myasthenia

Paralysis

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A drug solution sterilized by means of boiling was tested for sterility. Inoculation on Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealed clostridia. Clostridia survived the boiling because they are:

Prototrophic

Spore-formers

Thermophilic

Acid-fast

Anaerobic

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A 71-year-old woman developed mechanical jaundice due to obstruction of the bile duct with a chololith. Decrease of blood pressure and bradycardia are detected. These changes in functioning of the patient’s cardiovascular system are caused by increased blood content of the following substance:

Indirect bilirubin

Stercobilin

Urobilin

Direct bilirubin

Bile acids

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A sanitary-epidemic station employee has been poisoned when the premices were processed with an organophosphorous insecticide. What enzyme is inhibited by organophosphorous compounds?

Catalase

Acetylcholinesterase

Pepsin

Lactate dehydrogenase

Xanthine oxidase

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Indican excretion is a diagnostic criterion of intencified protein putrefaction in the intestine. Name the end product of tryptophan ”decay” occurring in the large intestine:

Putrescine

Indole

Mercaptan

Benzoic acid

Hydrogen sulfide

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The second stage of detoxification involves joining certain chemical compounds with functional groups of toxines. Select one such compound:

Cholesterol

Glucuronic acid

Higher fatty acids

Pyruvate

Glucose

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Actinomorphic apopetalous corolla include:

Campanulate

Cruciform

Ligulate

Tubular

Funnelform

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Selective medium can be used to separate various species of bacteria in a bacteriological laboratory. What medium of those listed below can be determined as selective?

Meat infusion broth

Hiss’ serum water medium

Meat infusion agar

Endo agar

Alkaline peptone water

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A 5-year-old child presents with abdominal distension, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea occurring 1-4 hours after drinking milk. Described symptoms are caused by the lack of enzymes that break up:

Fructose

Maltose

Lactose

Glucose

Saccharose

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If pH of a solution is lower than its isoelectric point, it means in this solution:

Cation forms of amino acids are prevalent

Irreversible protein precipitation occurs

Certain protein aggregates are formed

Anion forms of amino acids are prevalent

Anion and cation forms of amino acids are balanced

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Avidin - an egg white protein inhibits reception of biotin (carboxylase coenzyme) by the body. What reaction will be blocked by avidin administration?

Detachment of phosphate residuals

NH3 attachment to glutamate

CO2 attachment to pyruvate

NH3 detachment from glutamine

Beta-oxidation of fatty acids

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During mercurimetric titration of halogenide ions in the presence of diphenylcarbazone, at the titration end point the precipitate is produced. This precipitate will be colored:

Blue

Yellow

Brown

Green

Red

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When determining oxidizing agents by means of iodometry in the presence of starch the following phenomenon can be observed at the titration end point:

Red coloring appears

White precipitate occurs

Green coloring of solution disappears

Blue coloring disappears

Green coloring of precipitate appears

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To obtain exotoxins of some microorganisms, these microorganisms are inoculated into liquid nutrient medium, where microbial cultivation occurs and toxins are produced. At a certain stage it is necessary to remove the microbial cells from the medium, that is, to separate the toxins from microbes. What method should be applied in this case?

Boiling

Bacteria-excluding filters

Ultraviolet irradiation

Autoclaving

Disinfectants (chloramine)

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A plant producing essential oil has square stem, bilabiate corolla, coenobium fruit. These features are characteristic of:

Polygonaceae

Papaveraceae

Solanaceae

Scrophulariaceae

Lamiaceae

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A plant under investigation has compound uniform monopodium inflorescence - compound umbel. What plant is it characteristic of?

Allium cepa

Rosa canina

Anethum graveolens

Sorbus aucuparia

Centaurea cyanus

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During field practice a student was tasked with making a morphological collection of coenocarpous fruits. What type of fruit belongs to this group?

Fragaria

Drupe

Aggregate-accessory fruit

Hesperidium

Cynarodium

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A patient with gingivitis was prescribed oral cavity irrigation with 0,02% potassium permanganate solution. What group of antiseptics does this drug belong to?

Nitrofurans

Alcohols

Dyes

Detergents

Oxidants

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To relieve dry cough a patient with bronchitis was prescribed a drug that is an alkaloid of yellow horned-poppy. Name this drug:

Oxeladin

Glaucine hydrochloride

Codeine phosphate

Libexin (Prenoxdiazine)

Codterpin

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Hydrochloric acid was added into the solution under investigation. The resulting precipitate was filtered, then this filter cake was processed with hot water; after the filtrate cooled, KI solution was added into it. What cation was present in the solution, if the precipitate was colored yellow?

Hg2+

Pb2+

Ba2+

Ca2+

Ag+

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When cations are divided into analytical groups according to the acidbase classification, group reagents can be acids or bases. What acids can be used as group reagents?

H2CO3

HCI, H2SO4

H3PO4, H2C2O4

HNO3, CH3COOH

HCIO4

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Main process of ammonia neutralization occurs in the liver. Arginine decomposition reaction that produces urea as a result is catalyzed with arginase. What group of enzymes does arginase belong to?

Hydrolases

Synthetases

Transferases

Oxidoreductases

Isomerases

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Connection between plant cell protoplasts and their metabolic function is provided by thin cytoplasmic threads that pass through pores in the cell walls. Name these threads:

Microtubules

Cytoskeleton

Microfilaments

Fibrils

Plasmodesma

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On autopsy there are numerous suppurative foci within many of the internal organs. What pathological process is it characteristic of?

Septicemia

Sepsis

Toxemia

Septicopyemia

Bacteriemia

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Isotonicity is required of infusion solutions. What phenomenon occurs when a hypertensive solution is introduced into blood plasma?

Osmosis

Plasmolysis

Thixotropy

Denaturation

Hemolysis

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The third analitycal group of cations (acid-base classification) includes Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+. What acid can function as a precipitator agent (group reagent) for these cations?

CH3COOH

HCIO4

HNO3

H2SO4

HCI

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During routine preventive examination the local pediatrician noticed a boy of short stature. Mental development of the child corresponds with his age. What endocrine disorder is it?

Pituitary nanism

Cretinism

Gigantism

Rickets

Acromegalia

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Eicosanoids synthesis begins with freeing polyene acids from membrane phospholipids by means of a specific phospholipase. Name this enzyme:

Arginase

Phospholipase A2

Cyclooxygenase

Protein kinase

Phospholipase C

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Thermal analysis is used in pharmacy to identify drugs and determine drug purity. What coordinates are necessary to build a cooling curve?

Temperature-volume

Volume-temperature

Temperature-time

Pressure-time

Volume-time

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Both scientific and folk medicine uses medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra L. What part of the plant is harvested?

Inflorescence

Foliage

Roots and rhizomes

Seeds

Grass

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Choose the formula of nonionic surfactant among those listed below:

C15H31COONa

C2H5NH2 • HCl

C11H23OSO3Na

CH3(OCH2CH2)10OH

C6H13NH2COONa

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A pregnant woman was diagnosed with vaginal dysbacteriosis. What drug should be prescribed in this case?

Interferon

Probiotic

Antibiotic

Polyvitamins

Bacteriophage

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A patient has been receiving Theophylline (inhibitor of cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase) for a week. What hormone can increase its action due to such treatment and cause hyperglycemia?

Testosterone

Insulin

Aldosterone

Estradiol

Glucagon

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Reaction of sodium ions with potassium hexahydroxoantimonate (V) in neutral medium produces precipitate. Specify the color of this precipitate:

Green

Red

Yellow

Blue

White

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Reaction with potassium permanganate is used to detect reducing anions. Specify the anion that decolorizes potassium permanganate:

Sulfate

Carbonate

Arsenate

Tetraborate

Sulfite

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A 25-year-old-patient with the II degree thermal burns came to a doctor. Objectively: there are large blisters on the upper limbs; the blisters are filled with clear exudate containing mostly water and albumines with isolated leukocytes. Name the type of the exudate:

Purulent

Fibrinous

Hemorrhagic

Catarrhal (mucous)

Serous

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Rhizome of an Asteraceae family species is polycephalous, succulent, has lysigenous cavities, accumulates inulin. Such underground organ is characterisic of:

Inula helenium

Hyoscyamus niger

Digitalis grandiflora

Helianthus annuus

Sorbus aucuparia

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Osmotic pressure is an important characteristic of biological fluids. Semipermeable membranes are necessary for penetration of solvent molecules. What substance CANNOT be used as a semipermeable membrane?

Glass

Parchment

Biological membrane

Collodion film

Gelatine

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Specify the substance that can be determined by means of polarimetry:

Benzene

Sulfuric acid

Sodium chloride

Glucose

This method will suffice for any substance

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A local general practitioner recommends taking interferon for influenza prevention. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?

Blocks virus stripping

Prevents adsorption of virus in cell receptors

Inhibits virion exit from cells

Disrupts the process of virus assembly

Blocks virus protein synthesis

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What cation can be detected with Chugaiev’s agent (Dimethylglyoxime)?

Co2+

Mn2+

Ca2+

Ni2+

+

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A solution of hydrogen peroxide in an acid medium was added into investigated solution, leading to blue coloring of the resulting solution. This analytical effect indicates the presence of the following anions:

Cr2O4(2−)

MnO4(−)

Cl(−)

NO3(−)

Cr2O7(2−)

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A patient presents with hypoxia. What metabolic process activates when oxygen supply is insufficient?

Pentose-phosphate pathway

Oxidative decarboxylation of keto acids

Anaerobic glycolysis

Urea cycle

Tricarboxylic acid cycle

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A child had been administered antidiphtheric serum. What resistance was formed in the child?

Passive

Pathologic

Active

Primary

Physiological

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A patient with brain edema presents with respiration that is characterized by periods of several respiratory movements of equal amplitude alternating with periods of apnea. What pathologic respiration is it characteristic of?

Gasping respiration

Kussmaul’s respiration

Biot’s respiration

Cheyne-Stokes’ respiration

Apneustic respiration

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A patient in the state of ketoacidotic coma presents with loud rapid respiration: labored expiration with tension of expiratory muscles occurs after deep inspiration. Name the type of pathologic respiration:

Stenotic

Gasping

Kussmaul’s

Biot’s

Cheyne-Stokes’

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In a nursery-garden some medicinal plants developed signs of a disease: there are yellow spots and necrotic foci on the leaves. Sap of the diseased plants remained infectious even after passing through a bacteria-excluding filter. No microorganisms growth was detected on the nutrient medium. What microorganisms could be the cause of this disease?

Viruses

Mycoplasma

Fungi

Bacteria

Ray fungi

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Bark of a thornless xylophyte of the Rhamnaceae family has laxative effect. Name this plant:

Aronia melanocarpa

Frangula alnus

Hippophaё rhamnoides

Crataegus sanguinea

Rubus idaeus

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Different structures of a bacterial cell perform different functions. What dispensable component of a cell ensures its survival within hostile environment?

Cilia

Inclusions

Spores

Flagella

Capsule

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Total content of chloride, bromide, and iodide ions in the investigated solution can be quantitatively determined with the following titrant:

Sodium nitrite solution

Sodium thiosulfate solution

Potassium permanganate solution

Silver nitrate solution

Potassium dichromate solution

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Specify the reaction product of complete aniline hydrogenation:

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Name the isomer of diethyl ether functional group: CH3 − CH2 − O − CH2 − CH3:

Ethanol

Butanol

Butanal

Ethyl acetate

Dimethyl ether

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What substance can be identified with aqueous solution of FeCl3?

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What reaction proves that phenol has acidic properties?

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Gravimetry (precipitation method) is used for quantitative determination of sulfates in potable water. What substance should be used as precipitator for sulfates?

BaCI2

MgCI2

NH4NO3

NaCI

KCI

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In 9 days after administration of a therapeutic serum the patient developed urticaria, itching, edemas, and lymph nodes enlargement. What type of allergic reaction has occurred in the patient?

Cellular

Cytotoxic

Anaphylactic

Stimulating

Immune complex

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Which of the listed compounds is an alpha-amino acid?

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Exudation is characteristic of inflammation. What factors cause exudation and local edema of the inflamed area?

Leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells

Increased permeability of vessel wall

Hyperglycemia

Ischemia

Decreased permeability of vessel wall

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For cardiovascular disease prevention the patient was recommended to take vitamin F. What is the chemical nature of this vitamin?

Carotin derivative

Polysaccharide complex

Amino acids complex

Cholesterol derivative

Complex of polyunsaturated fatty acids

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Wetting occurs when a drop of a liquid comes into contact with the surface of a solid substance. The degree of wetting is measured through:

Contact angle

Drop density

Surface tension

Work of adhesion

Drop size

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A perennial plant has white flower heads grouped in compound corymbs and bipinnatisected or tripinnatisected leaves. Name this plant:

Potentilla erecta

Taraxacum officinale

Аchillea millefolium

Melilotus officinalis

Phaseolus vulgaris

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What organic compounds are produced in the result of intramolecular dehydration of monohydric alcohols?

Esters

Alkanes

Arenes

Alkenes

Aldehydes

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A group of children in the kindergarten (6-year-olds) received Mantoux test; 15 children presented with negative results. What measures should be taken towards these children?

Tuberculosis antitoxin

Referral for fluorography

Isolation

Repeat the test

BCG vaccination

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Increased concentration of active oxygen forms is a mechanism of pathogenesis in a number of diseases. To prevent this process, antioxidants are prescribed. Select an antioxidant from the list below:

Glicerol

Calciferol

Glucose

Cobalamine

Alpha-tocopherol

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During excursion into a conifer forest the students noticed that bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) stems are lignified only partially in their lower part, the upper part of the stem retains the form of caulis. Therefore, this plant can be classified as:

Tree

Suffrutex

Annual grass

Perennial grass

Liana

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Antibiotics derived from various species of actinomycetes are widely used in medical practice. Point out these drugs among those listed below:

Lysozyme, erytrinum

Penicillin, cephalosporin, griseofulvin

Aminoglycosides (streptomycin, monomycin)

Chloreline, arenarinum

Polymyxin, bacitracin

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In a human body there occur numerous reactions of direct interaction between substrate and molecular oxygen. What enzyme catalyzes attachment of two oxygen atoms to the substrate?

Dioxygenase

Monooxygenase

Catalase

Glutathione reductase

Superoxide dismutase

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Seeds of rye, corn, and other crops have small corymb-shaped cotyledon and accumulate nutrients in the:

Endosperm

Embryo root

Shell

Perisperm

Gemmule

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A 55-year-old man came to a doctor with complaints of acute pain in his big toes. Meat and wine remain permanently in his diet. The doctor suspects gout. What substance must be measured in the patient’s blood to confirm this diagnosis?

Lactate

Ketone bodies

Urea

Uric acid

Bilirubin

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Isotonic glucose solution is widely used as a solvent or infuson medium for introduction of various drugs. What mass fraction is characteristic of this solution?

5%

20%

15%

1%

10%

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Name the process of cell membrane saturation with a fat-like substance suberin:

Mineralisation

Sliming

Cutinization

Lignification

Suberization

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A man has been suffering from rheumatoid arthritis for 10 years. Due to its exacerbation he had been taking acetylsalicylic acid and prednisolone. The patient complains of stomachache, eructation, nausea, sensation of full epigastrium, and meteorism. On gastroscopy there was an erosion (0,5x0,5 cm) of gastric mucosa detected. What is the cause of gastric mucosa defect development?

Dysbacteriosis development

Age-related changes of mucosa

Prolonged taking of aspirin and hormones

Immune-mediated destruction of gastric mucosa

Prolonged hypersthenia of gastric muscles

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Treatment of a number of pathologic changes in human body is based on the peptization process, particularly disintegration of thrombi within blood vessels. The most important condition for efficient peptization can be determined as:

Introduction of excessive solvent

Ultrasound effect

Heating

Shaking

Timely introduction of anticoagulant

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The patient’s large-focal myocardial infarction is complicated with pulmonary edema. What disturbance of cardiohemodynamics contributed to the pulmonary edema development?

Autoimmune myocarditis

Cardiogenic shock

Acute left ventricular failure

Reperfusion syndrome

Acute right ventricular failure

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The fruit is a thorned many-seeded capsule that opens into four flaps when ripe. It is characteristic of:

Datura stramonium

Digitalis purpurea

Papaver somniferum

Linum usitatissimum

Hyoscyamus niger

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An interhospital pharmacy received a short-acting narcotic analgesic that is 100 times more active than morphine. Name this drug:

Naltrexone

Ketanov (Ketorolac)

Analgin (Metamizole)

Fentanyl

Naloxone

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Hemoglobin break-up begins in the cells of reticuloendothelial system. What enzyme catalyzes the reduction reaction of biliverdine into bilirubin?

Hexokinase

Biliverdine reductase

Xanthine oxidase

Beta-glucuronidase

Heme oxygenase

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To stop diarrhea the doctor prescribed a drug that affects opiate receptors of the intestine and decreases its peristalsis. Name this drug:

Loperamide

Voltaren (Diclofenac)

Levorin

Tetracycline

Heparin

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What formula corresponds with alpha-nitropyrole?

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Essential oils are used both in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. To extract essential oils from herbal raw material the following technology is used:

Conductometry

Potentiometry

Steam distillation

Colorimetry

Calorimetry

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Specify the mechanism of the given reaction: H+, t>170oC C2H5OH −−−−−−−−→ H2C = CH2+H2O

N (nucleophilic attachment)

SR (radical substitution)

S (electrophilic substitution)

Е (elimination)

SN (nucleophilic substitution)

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What type of bonds participates in creation of both linear and cyclic carboxylic acid associates in the form of dimers?

Donor-acceptor bonds

Polar covalent bonds

Hydrogen bonds

Nonpolar covalent bonds

Ionic bonds

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Specify the functional group of isoniazide (an isonicotinic acid derivative) molecule:

Pyridine heterocyclic group

Ester group

Amide group

Carboxyl group

Hydrazide group

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What compound is synthesized by means of beta-picoline oxidation?

Nicotinic acid

Uric acid

Barbituric acid

Ascorbic acid

Benzoic acid

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Specify quinoline among the compounds given below:

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Name the substance B in the following transformation:

Ethanal

Propanone

Propanal

Acetic acid

Ethanol

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What substance produces ketone, when oxidized with potassium permanganate?

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Among the given isomer pairs choose the position isomers of the functional group:

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Among the given substances choose the one that is used for oxidation of organic compounds:

NH2 − NH2

NaOH

CH3 − CH3

KMnO4

HCl

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What substance will be produced as the result of the following reaction: C6H5 − N+ ≡ NCl− + KJ −(t)→?

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What reagent can simultaneously detect aldehyde group and glycol fragment in a glucose molecule?

AlCl3

FeCl3

KMnO4

Br2

Cu(OH)2

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