Step 1 - Pharmacy 2017

In a child-rearing facility there was an outbreak of measles. What specific urgent prophylaxis should be administered to contact UNVACCINATED children?

Measles virus vaccine live

Isolation and treatment of infected children

Medical screening of the children

DPT vaccine

Gamma globulin against measles

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Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law is the basis of molecular absorption analysis. According to this law, optical density of a solution is:

Directly proportional to concentration and inversely proportional to layer thickness

Directly proportional to layer thickness and concentration of a substance

Directly proportional to concentration and inversely proportional to absorption coefficient

Directly proportional to layer thickness and absorption coefficient

Inversely proportional to layer thickness and concentration of a substance

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Within folded parenchyma of a fir needle there are cavernous structures filled with galipot and lined with live thin-walled secretory cells. Name these structures:

Nectar glands

Hydatodes

Glandules

Resin ducts

Laticifers

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A chemotherapeutic agent has bactericidal effect against streptococci, staphylococci, bacilli, and clostridia. According to its action spectrum this drug belongs to the following group:

Broad spectrum antifungal agents

Antituberculous agents

Broad spectrum antibacterial agents

Narrow spectrum antibacterial agents

Antiviral agents

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Stem thickening occurs due to functioning of the following structures:

Intercalary meristem

Lateral meristem

Endoderm

Wound meristem

Apical meristem

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To determine mass fraction of sodium chloride in a drug, the Fajans method should be applied. Titration is to be performed in the presence of the following indicator solution:

Phenolphthalein

Fluorescein

Potassium chromate

Ammonium iron (III) sulfate

Methyl red

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Sulfanilamide drugs contain primary aromatic amides in their structure. Specify the method of quantitative determination of these compounds:

Permanganatometry

Iodometry

Nitritometry

Cerimetry

Dichromatometry

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Microbe survival within environment is facilitated by spore formation. What microorganisms of those listed below are spore formers:

Bacteroides

Peptococci

Clostridia

Peptostreptococci

Staphylococci

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Synthesis of a medicinal substance occurs in an isolated system. What is a direction criterion of spontaneous processes?

Intrinsic energy

Enthalpy

Entropy change

Gibbs energy

Helmholtz energy

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Dissociation degree in 0,01 M water solution is the same for all the strong electrolytes listed below. Name the substance with the highest boiling temperature of such solution:

K3PO4

KCl

Al2(SO4)3

Cu(NO3)2

Na3PO4

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Proteins are of great importance for vital functions. What value of pH results in zero electrophoretic mobility of gelatin (gelatin isoelectric point equals 4,7)?

5,5

4,7

7,0

9,4

14,0

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Enzymes are widely used as drugs in pharmacy. What is the main difference that separates enzymes from non-biological catalysts?

High specificity and selectivity

High homogeneity

High universality

Low universality

High dispersion

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Chloroform and sodium nitrite solution were added into the acidulous investigated solution. The chloroform layer colored red-violet, which indicates the presence of:

Sulfate ions

Carbonate ions

Iodide ions

Fluoride ions

Chloride ions

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The following should be used for sterilization of laboratory glassware in a microbiological laboratory:

Bacteria-excluding filters

Koch’s steam sterilizer

Disinfectant

Bactericidal lamps

Hot-air sterilizer

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Parents of a 10-year-old child have made an appointment with an endocrinologist due to complaints of the child’s low height. The child’s appearance is corresponding with that of a 5-yearold. What hormone causes such changes in physical development, if its secretion is disturbed?

Somatotropic hormone

Testosterone

Thyroxin

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Insulin

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Dry residue received after evaporation of the investigated solution turns previously colorless burner flame yellow, which is observed as violet through blue glass. What cations are there in the dry residue?

Na+, Ca2+

a2+, K+

Li+, Ba2+

Na+ , Sr2+

Na+, K+

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A smear of purulent excharge from urethra contains gram-negative beanshaped diplococci with both extra- and intracellular positions. Make the provisional microbiological diagnosis:

Chlamydiosis

Syphilis

Gonorrhea

Candidiasis

Trichomoniasis

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Under isobaric-isothermal conditions the possibility and direction of spontaneous processes can be predicted through change of:

Enthalpy

Helmholtz energy

Intrinsic energy

Gibbs energy

Entropy

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Investigated solution contains potassium and ammonium ions. Specify the reagent that can indicate the presence of potassium ions in this solution:

Uranyl zinc acetate

Potassium hexacyanoferrate (II)

Sodium acetate

Sodium chloride

Potassium tetraiodomercurate

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An injured person exhibits the following signs at the site of trauma: skin redness, throbbing small arteries, elevated local temperature, increased tissue turgor. What local blood circulation disorder are these presentations typical of?

Arterial hyperemia

Ischemia

Thrombosis

Embolism

Venous hyperemia

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During investigation of bacterial contamination of air it is necessary to take into account both total amount of microorganisms in a certain volume and qualitative content of microflora. What microorganisms are the sanitary indicators of air contamination within enclosed spaces?

Staphylococcus aureus

Mold fungi

Colibacillus

Hay bacillus

Yeast fungi

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Purine ring biosynthesis occurs in ribose-5-phosphate through gradual accumulation of nitrogen and carbon atoms and closing of the rings. The source of ribose phosphate is the process of:

Pentose phosphate cycle

Glycogenolysis

Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Glyconeogenesis

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Number of freedom degrees at the point of intersection of liquidus with Y-axis on the fusibility chart of a twocomponent system would equal:

3

4

2

1

0

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In the process of qualitative analysis to determine strontium ions, so-called ”gypseous water” is used. This substance can be defined as:

Solution of Ca(OH)2

Concentrated aqueous solution of CaSO4

Aqueous solution of Ba(NO3)2

Solution of (OH)2

Concentrated aqueous solution of CO2

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Which of the ligands is bidentate?

Ethylenediamine

Hydroxide ion

Cyanide ion

Pyridine

Thiocyanate ion

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Name the pH value, under which occurs the most intense color change of an indicator:

Equivalence point

pT value

pK value

Color change interval

Titration end point

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What compound produces phthalic acid during oxidation?

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To distinguish between phenol and salicylic acid the following reagent is used:

Sodium bicarbonate solution

Iron (III) chloride solution

Bromine solution

Sodium chloride solution

Sodium hydroxide solution

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Reaction of benzaldehyde with chlorine produces:

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Bacterial culture obtained from patient DOES NOT grow when exposed to oxygen. Conditions suitable for bacterial culture growth can be created in:

Anaerobic culture jar

Krotov apparatus

Pasteur oven

Serum-supplemented medium

Oxidative medium

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Specify the number of electrons that participate in creation of closed conjugated system within the pyrimidine molecule:

8

4

6

2

10

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An oncological patient was prescribed fluorouracil that is a competitive inhibitor of thymidine synthase. It inhibits the process of:

Carbohydrate disintegration

Purine nucleotides synthesis

Lipids synthesis

Purine nucleotides disintegration

Pyrimidine nucleotides synthesis

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During feces analysis of a 3-monthold child with signs of enteric infection, numerous dark-red colonies has grown on Endo agar. What microorganisms can be the cause of such enteric infection?

Gonococci

Shigella

Streptococci

Salmonellae

Escherichia

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Sedimentation analysis has been applied for assessment of air purity in an aseptic unit of a phamacy. The test resulted in growth of the small colonies with areas of hemolysis. What medium was used for inoculation?

Blood agar

Egg-yolk salt agar

Levine’s agar (Eosin Methylene Blue agar)

Ploskirev’s agar

Endo agar

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Reaction of urea with nitrous acid produces the following:

CO2 + NO + NH3

CO2 + NO2 + H2O

CO2 + N2 + H2O

CO + NH3 + CO2

CO2 + NH3 + NO2

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Surface tension is an important characteristic of a liquid. What substance has maximal surface tension?

Chloroform

Ethanol

Water

Acetone

Benzene

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What standard solution can be used to standardize the solution of I2?

Potassium permanganate solution

Potassium iodide solution

Sodium thiosulfate solution

Sodium nitrite solution

Potassium dichromate solution

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Catalysts are widely used in production of drugs. How can reaction acceleration in the presence of a catalyst be explained?

Activation energy increases

Activation energy decreases

Collision frequency decreases

Molecule speed increases

Total collision frequency increases

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Microorganisms in the environment are being affected by various physical factors. What is the effect of high temperature on a microbial cell?

Transition into anabiosis state

Mutagenic effect

Fats saponification

Albuminolysis

Irreversible degradation of all cellular structures

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A person has been stung by a bee. The stung area developed redness and edema. What is the main mechanism of edema development?

Increased permeability of the capillaries

Decreased oncotic blood pressure

Decreased osmotic blood pressure

Increased hydrostatic blood pressure

Disturbed lymphatic efflux

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During identification of fruits of Datura family they were determined to be a:

Thorned quadrivalve capsule

Juicy globular cynarodium

Urceolate capsule with a lid

Berry in an orange cup

Glossy black berry

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During examination of a patient with intestinal infection, inoculation in Endo medium resulted in multi-colored colonies: red and colorless. According to its purpose this medium can be determined as:

Selective

Universal

Differential diagnostic

Special

-

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Formation enthalpy equals zero for the following substance:

H2O2

O2

CaCO3

H2SO4

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Nicotinic acid amide fulfills important metabolic function. What disorder develops, when it is deficient in the organism?

Pellagra

Xerophthalmia

Anemia

Rickets

Beriberi

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At the triple point of the water phase diagram:

f=2

f=0

f=1

P=3; f=1

P=3; n=1

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Reaction of benzene sulfonation produces:

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Select the formula of diazonium salt:

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Choose the reaction of ester production among those listed below:

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A patient was delivered into a resuscitation unit with signs of alcohol poisoning. The patient developed hypoxia of the following pathogenesis:

Hemic

Tissue

Mixed

Hypoxic

Circulatory

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Select the compound with amphoteric properties (which reacts both with acids and bases and produces salts):

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Since 2005 in Asian and European countries there was recorded unusually high avian flu morbidity. Such spread of epidemic process can be determined as:

Endemia

Epidemic

Pandemia

Epizooty

Sporadic

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Pharmacopoeia reaction to determine benzoate ions requires interaction with the solution of:

Diphenylamine

Iron (III) chloride

Acetic anhydride

Resorcin

Potassium chloride

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Tricarboxylic acid cycle is a general way of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids oxidation. Specify the acid with which acetyl-CoA reacts first in tricarboxylic acid cycle:

Malic

Oxaloacetic

Isocitric

Citric

Fumaric

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Specify the substance that results from the following reaction: CH ≡ CH HOH, Hg2+ −−−−−−−→?

Ethanol

Propanone

Propanal

Acetic acid

Ethanal

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Choose the indicator and titration method to determine hydrogen carbonate ions in a drug:

Phenolphthalein, acidimetry

Murexide, acidimetry

Methyl-orange, acidimetry

Phenolphthalein, alkalimetry

Methyl-orange, alkalimetry

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Pharmacopoeia reaction to determine phosphate ions is a reaction with magnesia mixture. It results in production of white crystalline precipitate gNH4PO4. Magnesia mixture consists of the following:

MgCl2, NaOH, NaCl

MgCl2, NH4Cl

MgCl2, MnSO4, NH4Cl

MnCl2, NH3 • H2O, NaCl

MgCl2, NH3 • H2O, NH4Cl

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An ophthalmologist has detected increased time of dark adaptation in a patient. What vitamin deficiency can result in such symptom?

C

K

B6

B1

A

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Prolonged taking of cytostatic agents resulted in development of necrotic tonsillitis in the patient. It can be associated with the following changes in the leukocyte content:

Lymphopenia

Lymphocytosis

Agranulocytosis

Eosinopenia

Neutrophilic leukocytosis

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During photosynthesis within plant cell chloroplasts there is short-term retained starch being produced, which rapidly hydrolyzes into glucose. This starch is called:

Resistant

Reserve

Transitory

Primary

Secondary

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A patient with type I diabetes mellitus developed hyperketonemic coma. What acid-base imbalance will be observed in the patient?

Nongaseous alkalosis

There will be no acid-base imbalances

Gaseous acidosis

Nongaseous acidosis

Gaseous alkalosis

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Reaction rate constant of a hypothetical reaction is measured as s−1. What is the order of this reaction?

Second-order

Zero-order

Fractional-order

Third-order

First-order

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Species character of Thymus serpyllum includes: apical inflorescences (flower heads), dark punctate glands on the inferior surface of a leaf, long hairs along the edge of leaf base, and:

Stems with prickles

Short decumbent stems

Thorns

Climbing stems

Creeping stems

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Natural peptides can perform various functions. What bioactive peptide is a major antioxidant and fulfills coenzyme functions?

Anserine

Liberin

Bradykinin

Glutathione

Oxytocin

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Gout develops when purine nucleotide metabolism is disturbed. A doctor prescribed the patient allopurinol that is a competitive inhibitor of:

Lactate dehydrogenase

Xanthine oxidase

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Succinate dehydrogenase

Hexokinase

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Specify the indicator of the protective properties of high-molecular compounds of body, which promote the retention of calcium, phosphate and carbonate in blood plasma:

Coagulation threshold

Volume of sol coagulated by 1 mol of the electrolyte substance

Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance

Protective value

Critical micelle concentration

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In a research center there is a live vaccine against dysentery being created. What property of attenuated vaccine strain should coincide with the properties of original virulent strain of dysentery bacillus?

Biochemical activity

Morphology

Antibiotic susceptibility

Antigenic structure

Toxin production

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Plantago major inflorescence grows at the apex, its rachis is long, with sessile flowers. Name this type of inflorescence:

Thyrse

Panicle

Capitulum

Spadix

Spike

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Microbiological investigation of vaginal suppositories determined them to be CONTRARY to the Pharmacopoeia demands. What microflora was detected in the suppositories, resulting in such a conclusion?

Micrococcus

Tetracoccus

Citrobacter

Blue pus bacillus

Sarcina

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A number of hereditary diseases is caused by mutations in gene areas that determine beginning or end of an intron. What process results in removal of introns and joining of exons?

Translation

Replication

Splicing

Transcription

Recombination

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Hyperlipemia can be observed in 23 hours after eating fatty food. 9 hours later lipid content normalizes again. How can this condition be characterized?

Retention hyperlipemia

Transport hyperlipemia

Hyperplastic obesity

Alimentary hyperlipemia

Hypertrophic obesity

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Name the mercurimetry titrant:

0,1 М solution of AgNO3

0,1 М solution of NaNO2

0,1 М solution of KSCN

0,1 М solution of Hg2(NO3)2

0,1 М solution of NH4SCN

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What inflorescences are characteristic of Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) family?

Capitulum or umbel

Spadix or panicle

Capitulum or corymb

Corymb or spike

Raceme or panicle

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What cation of the 4th analytical group is present in a solution, if its reaction with the group reagent results in formation of yellow precipitate?

Zn2+

Sn2+

Cr3+

Sn(IV)

Al3+

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A patient presents with icteric sclera and mucous tunics; urine is dark; feces are light-colored. Blood content of direct and indirect bilirubin is increased, urine content of direct bilirubin is increased. What pathology can be characterized by these signs?

Hepatocellular jaundice

Hemolytic jaundice

Jaundice of the newborn

Atherosclerosis

Obstructive jaundice

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The patient presents with rapid growth of a tumor node and its progressing malignization. What stage of tumor growth can be characterized by these presentations?

Promotion (activation)

Exudation

Progression

Transformation

Inactivation

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You are studying a silvery downy plant of Asteraceae family, which is rich with essential oils and bitters. Harvested are apical sprouts with panicle of small round flower heads. This plant is:

Calendula officinalis

Chamomilla recutita

Arctium lappa

Bidens tripartita

Artemisia absinthium

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Among dosage forms there are numerous disperse systems. Specify the free disperse system:

Emulsion

Gel

Diaphragm

Membrane

Jelly

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A 55-year-old man, who had been suffering from mitral insufficiency for many years, developed acute heart failure. What pathophysiological type of heart failure can be observed in this case?

Due to hypoxic damage to the heart

Due to neurogenic damage to the heart

Due to coronarogenic damage to the heart

Due to cardiac overload

Due to acute cardiac tamponade

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Cataract (lenticular opacity) has developed in a 52-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus. Lenticular opacity was caused by intensification of the following processes:

Lipolysis

Protein proteolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Ketogenesis

Protein glycosylation

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During practice in the laboratory the students had been investigating in vitro, how malonate affects enzymes of tricarboxylic acid cycle. They detected accumulation of the following metabolite:

Succinyl-CoA

Malate

Succinate

Fumarate

Isocitrate

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Aqueous solution of the following substance will have the smallest surface tension, if all the listed solutions are taken in the same concentration:

Sodium chloride

Ethanol

Sodium stearate

Sucrose

Sodium hydroxide

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A 45-year-old woman, who for two weeks has been taking neodicoumarin (ethyl biscoumacetate) due to trombophlebitis, during a regular examination was detected to have decreased blood content of prothrombin, in urine there is microhematuria. What drug should be administered as a neodicoumarin antagonist?

Sodium citrate

Vicasol (Menadione)

Aminocapronic acid

Heparin

Protamine sulfate

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A patient complaining of dry mouth, photophobia, and visual impairment has been delivered into an admission room. The skin is hyperemic and dry; pupils are dilated; tachycardia is observed. The patient was diagnosed with belladonna alkaloids intoxication. What drug would be advisable?

Pilocarpine

Armin

Proserin

Dipiroxim

Aceclidine

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A child accidentally took a drink from the vial of grandmother’s medicine for glaucoma. The medicine was identified as pilocarpine hydrochloride. What drug can be used as an antidote?

Aceclidine

Benzohexonium (Hexamethonium)

Pentamin (Azamethonium bromide)

Carbachol

Atropine

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A woman suffering from neurosis has disturbed sleep. What drug is optimal for insomnia treatment?

Phenobarbital

Aethaminalum-natrium (Pentobarbital)

Bromisoval

Valerian tincture

Nitrazepam

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What antiprotozoal drug can be recommended to a woman with trichomoniasis?

Chiniofon

Primaquine

Metronidazole

Solusurminum (Sodium stibogluconate)

Chloridine

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Select the halogenated antiseptic that would be preferable for a child to pack in the first aid kit, when going to a summer camp:

Copper sulfate

Iodine alcoholic solution

Methylene blue

Brilliant green

Formaldehyde solution

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Name the most typical symptom of atropine poisoning:

Bradycardia

Dilated pupils unresponsive to light

Constricted pupils unresponsive to light

Excessive sweating

Low intraocular pressure

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A patient consulted an ophthalmologist about deterioration of twilight vision and xerophthalmus. What drug should the doctor prescribe?

Ascorbic acid

Retinol

Pyridoxine

Tocopherol

Cocarboxylase

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A woman with hypertension came to a doctor complaining of dry cough that developed against the background of her therapy. What antihypertensive drug was she taking?

Lisinopril

Dichlothiazide (Hydrochlorothiazide)

Atenolol

Nifedipine

Furosemide

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Decreased absorption of tetracyclines, if they are taken simultaneously with antacids, is an example of their:

Pharmacokinetic incompatibility

Synergism

Pharmaceutical incompatibility

Functional antagonism

Pharmacodynamic incompatibility

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A patient after craniocerebral trauma has been prescribed piracetam. What pharmacological group does this drug belong to?

Non-narcotic analgesics

Tranquilizers

General anesthetics

Nootropic agents

Antipsychotics

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Recommend the patient with glaucoma an M-cholinomimetic agent:

Atropine sulfate

Levomycetin (Chloramphenicol)

Ephedrine hydrochloride

Pilocarpine hydrochloride

Sulfacyl-sodium (Sulfacetamide)

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A patient with hypertension was prescribed a nonselective betaadrenergic blocking agent. Name this drug:

Adrenalin hydrochloride

Labetalol

Anaprilin (Propranolol)

Proserin

Prazosin

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In the course of bronchitis pharmacotherapy a patient has developed dyspeptic disorders, photodermatitis and hepatic failure. What drug can cause such disorders?

Acetylcysteine

Ascorbic acid

Doxycycline

Codeine phosphate

Paracetamol

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A 25-year-old woman with signs of acute morphine intoxication was administered naloxone, which rapidly improved her condition. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?

Opioid receptor blockade

Serotonin receptor blockade

Benzodiazepine receptor blockade

Dopamine receptor blockade

GABA receptor blockade

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Name the ability of a drug to accumulate within the patient’s body:

Cumulation

Habituation

Synergism

Allergy

Antagonism

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What pharmacological effect of acetylsalicylic acid allows its application in patients with ischemic heart disease for prevention of thromboses?

Antiaggregant

Analgesic

Antipyretic

Anti-inflammatory

Ulcerogenic

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A patient developed herpetic rashes. What drug should be prescribed in this case?

Gentamicin

Clotrimazole

Benzylpenicillin

Biseptol (Co-trimoxazole)

Acyclovir

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A woman complaining of sleep disturbance, fearfulness, and anxiety came to a neurologist. What drug should be prescribed in this case?

Lisinopril

Oxytocin

Diazepam

Nitroglycerine

Levodopa

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A man developed cardiac arrest due to thoracic trauma. Name the drug that should be introduced into the cavity of the left ventricle in this case:

Salbutamol

Adrenalin hydrochloride

Lisinopril

Metoprolol

Proserin

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A patient with acute heart failure was administered corglycon. What effect of this drug results in improvement of the patient’s condition?

Increased heart force

Decreased heart force

Coronary vessels dilatation

Increased heart rate

Decreased oxygen demand of myocardium

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Explain to an intern, what is the mechanism of analgesic action of morphine hydrochloride:

Opiate receptors stimulation

Phosphodiesterase blockade

Histamine receptors blockade

Choline esterase blockade

Adenylate cyclase stimulation

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What pharmacological effect of diazepam allows its application for termination of convulsions?

Antipyretic

Analgesic

Hypnotic

Anti-inflammatory

Anticonvulsant

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A patient suffers from hyperchromic B12-deficiency anemia. What vitamin preparation should be prescribed in this case?

Retinol acetate

Thiamine chloride

Riboflavin

Cyanocobalamin

Vicasol (Menadione)

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A man is diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. What drug should be prescribed in this case?

Anaprilin (Propranolol)

Paracetamol

Levodopa

Aminazine

Nitrazepam

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Direct titration CANNOT be applied for quantitative determination of calcium chloride by means of permanganatometry, because:

The investigated substance does not interact with the titrant

The reaction runs slowly

Side reactions are possible

The reaction runs very quickly

It is impossible to select the indicator to determine titration end point

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Colored or white component of double perianth, which consists of petals, is a:

Androecium

Gynoecium

Perigonium

Corolla

Flower cup

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A 54-year-old man requested a pharmacist’s advice on drug prescription. The patient has 4-year-long history of chronic glomerulonephritis and 2-yearlong history of persistent hypertension. What substance synthesized in the kidneys has important role in development of arterial hypertension?

Catecholamines

Aldosterone

Renin

Histamine

Nitric oxide

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A patient complains of general weakness, muscle weakness in the extremities (if the patient is asked to make a fist several times in a row, for example, the patient is capable of doing it only once), facial muscles are weak, swallowing is disturbed. Administration of acetylcholinesterase drugs removes these disturbances to a certain degree. Determine the pathology:

Hemiplegia

Myasthenia

Monoplegia

Paralysis

Paresis

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A drug solution sterilized by means of boiling was tested for sterility. Inoculation on Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealed clostridia. Clostridia survived the boiling because they are:

Thermophilic

Spore-formers

Acid-fast

Anaerobic

Prototrophic

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A 71-year-old woman developed mechanical jaundice due to obstruction of the bile duct with a chololith. Decrease of blood pressure and bradycardia are detected. These changes in functioning of the patient’s cardiovascular system are caused by increased blood content of the following substance:

Stercobilin

Indirect bilirubin

Bile acids

Urobilin

Direct bilirubin

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A sanitary-epidemic station employee has been poisoned when the premices were processed with an organophosphorous insecticide. What enzyme is inhibited by organophosphorous compounds?

Catalase

Pepsin

Xanthine oxidase

Lactate dehydrogenase

Acetylcholinesterase

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Indican excretion is a diagnostic criterion of intencified protein putrefaction in the intestine. Name the end product of tryptophan ”decay” occurring in the large intestine:

Benzoic acid

Indole

Mercaptan

Putrescine

Hydrogen sulfide

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The second stage of detoxification involves joining certain chemical compounds with functional groups of toxines. Select one such compound:

Glucuronic acid

Glucose

Higher fatty acids

Cholesterol

Pyruvate

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Actinomorphic apopetalous corolla include:

Tubular

Cruciform

Funnelform

Campanulate

Ligulate

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Selective medium can be used to separate various species of bacteria in a bacteriological laboratory. What medium of those listed below can be determined as selective?

Endo agar

Alkaline peptone water

Hiss’ serum water medium

Meat infusion broth

Meat infusion agar

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A 5-year-old child presents with abdominal distension, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea occurring 1-4 hours after drinking milk. Described symptoms are caused by the lack of enzymes that break up:

Fructose

Glucose

Saccharose

Maltose

Lactose

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If pH of a solution is lower than its isoelectric point, it means in this solution:

Irreversible protein precipitation occurs

Certain protein aggregates are formed

Anion forms of amino acids are prevalent

Anion and cation forms of amino acids are balanced

Cation forms of amino acids are prevalent

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Avidin - an egg white protein inhibits reception of biotin (carboxylase coenzyme) by the body. What reaction will be blocked by avidin administration?

CO2 attachment to pyruvate

NH3 detachment from glutamine

NH3 attachment to glutamate

Beta-oxidation of fatty acids

Detachment of phosphate residuals

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During mercurimetric titration of halogenide ions in the presence of diphenylcarbazone, at the titration end point the precipitate is produced. This precipitate will be colored:

Green

Red

Yellow

Brown

Blue

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When determining oxidizing agents by means of iodometry in the presence of starch the following phenomenon can be observed at the titration end point:

White precipitate occurs

Green coloring of precipitate appears

Green coloring of solution disappears

Red coloring appears

Blue coloring disappears

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To obtain exotoxins of some microorganisms, these microorganisms are inoculated into liquid nutrient medium, where microbial cultivation occurs and toxins are produced. At a certain stage it is necessary to remove the microbial cells from the medium, that is, to separate the toxins from microbes. What method should be applied in this case?

Autoclaving

Ultraviolet irradiation

Disinfectants (chloramine)

Bacteria-excluding filters

Boiling

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A plant producing essential oil has square stem, bilabiate corolla, coenobium fruit. These features are characteristic of:

Solanaceae

Polygonaceae

Lamiaceae

Papaveraceae

Scrophulariaceae

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A plant under investigation has compound uniform monopodium inflorescence - compound umbel. What plant is it characteristic of?

Allium cepa

Anethum graveolens

Centaurea cyanus

Rosa canina

Sorbus aucuparia

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During field practice a student was tasked with making a morphological collection of coenocarpous fruits. What type of fruit belongs to this group?

Cynarodium

Hesperidium

Fragaria

Aggregate-accessory fruit

Drupe

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A patient with gingivitis was prescribed oral cavity irrigation with 0,02% potassium permanganate solution. What group of antiseptics does this drug belong to?

Nitrofurans

Oxidants

Alcohols

Dyes

Detergents

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To relieve dry cough a patient with bronchitis was prescribed a drug that is an alkaloid of yellow horned-poppy. Name this drug:

Glaucine hydrochloride

Libexin (Prenoxdiazine)

Codterpin

Oxeladin

Codeine phosphate

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Hydrochloric acid was added into the solution under investigation. The resulting precipitate was filtered, then this filter cake was processed with hot water; after the filtrate cooled, KI solution was added into it. What cation was present in the solution, if the precipitate was colored yellow?

Pb2+

Ag+

Hg2+

Ba2+

Ca2+

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When cations are divided into analytical groups according to the acidbase classification, group reagents can be acids or bases. What acids can be used as group reagents?

HNO3, CH3COOH

H2CO3

H3PO4, H2C2O4

HCIO4

HCI, H2SO4

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Main process of ammonia neutralization occurs in the liver. Arginine decomposition reaction that produces urea as a result is catalyzed with arginase. What group of enzymes does arginase belong to?

Isomerases

Oxidoreductases

Synthetases

Hydrolases

Transferases

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Connection between plant cell protoplasts and their metabolic function is provided by thin cytoplasmic threads that pass through pores in the cell walls. Name these threads:

Microfilaments

Microtubules

Cytoskeleton

Fibrils

Plasmodesma

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On autopsy there are numerous suppurative foci within many of the internal organs. What pathological process is it characteristic of?

Toxemia

Bacteriemia

Septicopyemia

Sepsis

Septicemia

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Isotonicity is required of infusion solutions. What phenomenon occurs when a hypertensive solution is introduced into blood plasma?

Hemolysis

Plasmolysis

Osmosis

Thixotropy

Denaturation

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The third analitycal group of cations (acid-base classification) includes Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+. What acid can function as a precipitator agent (group reagent) for these cations?

HCI

CH3COOH

HNO3

H2SO4

HCIO4

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During routine preventive examination the local pediatrician noticed a boy of short stature. Mental development of the child corresponds with his age. What endocrine disorder is it?

Cretinism

Acromegalia

Gigantism

Rickets

Pituitary nanism

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Eicosanoids synthesis begins with freeing polyene acids from membrane phospholipids by means of a specific phospholipase. Name this enzyme:

Arginase

Protein kinase

Phospholipase C

Cyclooxygenase

Phospholipase A2

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Thermal analysis is used in pharmacy to identify drugs and determine drug purity. What coordinates are necessary to build a cooling curve?

Temperature-volume

Pressure-time

Volume-temperature

Temperature-time

Volume-time

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Both scientific and folk medicine uses medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra L. What part of the plant is harvested?

Roots and rhizomes

Grass

Inflorescence

Seeds

Foliage

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Choose the formula of nonionic surfactant among those listed below:

C6H13NH2COONa

C2H5NH2 • HCl

C11H23OSO3Na

C15H31COONa

CH3(OCH2CH2)10OH

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A pregnant woman was diagnosed with vaginal dysbacteriosis. What drug should be prescribed in this case?

Bacteriophage

Interferon

Polyvitamins

Antibiotic

Probiotic

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A patient has been receiving Theophylline (inhibitor of cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase) for a week. What hormone can increase its action due to such treatment and cause hyperglycemia?

Glucagon

Estradiol

Testosterone

Insulin

Aldosterone

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Reaction of sodium ions with potassium hexahydroxoantimonate (V) in neutral medium produces precipitate. Specify the color of this precipitate:

Yellow

Blue

Red

White

Green

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Reaction with potassium permanganate is used to detect reducing anions. Specify the anion that decolorizes potassium permanganate:

Tetraborate

Carbonate

Sulfite

Arsenate

Sulfate

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A 25-year-old-patient with the II degree thermal burns came to a doctor. Objectively: there are large blisters on the upper limbs; the blisters are filled with clear exudate containing mostly water and albumines with isolated leukocytes. Name the type of the exudate:

Hemorrhagic

Catarrhal (mucous)

Serous

Purulent

Fibrinous

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Rhizome of an Asteraceae family species is polycephalous, succulent, has lysigenous cavities, accumulates inulin. Such underground organ is characterisic of:

Inula helenium

Digitalis grandiflora

Sorbus aucuparia

Helianthus annuus

Hyoscyamus niger

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Osmotic pressure is an important characteristic of biological fluids. Semipermeable membranes are necessary for penetration of solvent molecules. What substance CANNOT be used as a semipermeable membrane?

Biological membrane

Collodion film

Gelatine

Glass

Parchment

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Specify the substance that can be determined by means of polarimetry:

Glucose

This method will suffice for any substance

Sulfuric acid

Benzene

Sodium chloride

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A local general practitioner recommends taking interferon for influenza prevention. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?

Prevents adsorption of virus in cell receptors

Blocks virus protein synthesis

Inhibits virion exit from cells

Blocks virus stripping

Disrupts the process of virus assembly

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What cation can be detected with Chugaiev’s agent (Dimethylglyoxime)?

Ca2+

Co2+

Ni2+

+

Mn2+

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A solution of hydrogen peroxide in an acid medium was added into investigated solution, leading to blue coloring of the resulting solution. This analytical effect indicates the presence of the following anions:

NO3(−)

Cl(−)

Cr2O4(2−)

MnO4(−)

Cr2O7(2−)

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A patient presents with hypoxia. What metabolic process activates when oxygen supply is insufficient?

Urea cycle

Anaerobic glycolysis

Pentose-phosphate pathway

Oxidative decarboxylation of keto acids

Tricarboxylic acid cycle

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A child had been administered antidiphtheric serum. What resistance was formed in the child?

Primary

Active

Pathologic

Physiological

Passive

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A patient with brain edema presents with respiration that is characterized by periods of several respiratory movements of equal amplitude alternating with periods of apnea. What pathologic respiration is it characteristic of?

Cheyne-Stokes’ respiration

Biot’s respiration

Apneustic respiration

Kussmaul’s respiration

Gasping respiration

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A patient in the state of ketoacidotic coma presents with loud rapid respiration: labored expiration with tension of expiratory muscles occurs after deep inspiration. Name the type of pathologic respiration:

Cheyne-Stokes’

Kussmaul’s

Stenotic

Gasping

Biot’s

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In a nursery-garden some medicinal plants developed signs of a disease: there are yellow spots and necrotic foci on the leaves. Sap of the diseased plants remained infectious even after passing through a bacteria-excluding filter. No microorganisms growth was detected on the nutrient medium. What microorganisms could be the cause of this disease?

Viruses

Mycoplasma

Bacteria

Ray fungi

Fungi

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Bark of a thornless xylophyte of the Rhamnaceae family has laxative effect. Name this plant:

Rubus idaeus

Frangula alnus

Aronia melanocarpa

Crataegus sanguinea

Hippophaё rhamnoides

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Different structures of a bacterial cell perform different functions. What dispensable component of a cell ensures its survival within hostile environment?

Spores

Flagella

Cilia

Inclusions

Capsule

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Total content of chloride, bromide, and iodide ions in the investigated solution can be quantitatively determined with the following titrant:

Potassium dichromate solution

Silver nitrate solution

Sodium thiosulfate solution

Sodium nitrite solution

Potassium permanganate solution

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Specify the reaction product of complete aniline hydrogenation:

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Name the isomer of diethyl ether functional group: CH3 − CH2 − O − CH2 − CH3:

Butanal

Dimethyl ether

Ethanol

Ethyl acetate

Butanol

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What substance can be identified with aqueous solution of FeCl3?

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What reaction proves that phenol has acidic properties?

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Gravimetry (precipitation method) is used for quantitative determination of sulfates in potable water. What substance should be used as precipitator for sulfates?

NH4NO3

NaCI

MgCI2

BaCI2

KCI

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In 9 days after administration of a therapeutic serum the patient developed urticaria, itching, edemas, and lymph nodes enlargement. What type of allergic reaction has occurred in the patient?

Cytotoxic

Cellular

Stimulating

Immune complex

Anaphylactic

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Which of the listed compounds is an alpha-amino acid?

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Exudation is characteristic of inflammation. What factors cause exudation and local edema of the inflamed area?

Leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells

Ischemia

Increased permeability of vessel wall

Hyperglycemia

Decreased permeability of vessel wall

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For cardiovascular disease prevention the patient was recommended to take vitamin F. What is the chemical nature of this vitamin?

Cholesterol derivative

Complex of polyunsaturated fatty acids

Carotin derivative

Polysaccharide complex

Amino acids complex

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Wetting occurs when a drop of a liquid comes into contact with the surface of a solid substance. The degree of wetting is measured through:

Surface tension

Work of adhesion

Contact angle

Drop density

Drop size

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A perennial plant has white flower heads grouped in compound corymbs and bipinnatisected or tripinnatisected leaves. Name this plant:

Potentilla erecta

Аchillea millefolium

Melilotus officinalis

Phaseolus vulgaris

Taraxacum officinale

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What organic compounds are produced in the result of intramolecular dehydration of monohydric alcohols?

Arenes

Alkenes

Aldehydes

Alkanes

Esters

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A group of children in the kindergarten (6-year-olds) received Mantoux test; 15 children presented with negative results. What measures should be taken towards these children?

BCG vaccination

Referral for fluorography

Tuberculosis antitoxin

Isolation

Repeat the test

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Increased concentration of active oxygen forms is a mechanism of pathogenesis in a number of diseases. To prevent this process, antioxidants are prescribed. Select an antioxidant from the list below:

Cobalamine

Glicerol

Calciferol

Glucose

Alpha-tocopherol

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During excursion into a conifer forest the students noticed that bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) stems are lignified only partially in their lower part, the upper part of the stem retains the form of caulis. Therefore, this plant can be classified as:

Tree

Annual grass

Liana

Perennial grass

Suffrutex

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Antibiotics derived from various species of actinomycetes are widely used in medical practice. Point out these drugs among those listed below:

Lysozyme, erytrinum

Penicillin, cephalosporin, griseofulvin

Aminoglycosides (streptomycin, monomycin)

Chloreline, arenarinum

Polymyxin, bacitracin

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In a human body there occur numerous reactions of direct interaction between substrate and molecular oxygen. What enzyme catalyzes attachment of two oxygen atoms to the substrate?

Dioxygenase

Catalase

Monooxygenase

Superoxide dismutase

Glutathione reductase

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Seeds of rye, corn, and other crops have small corymb-shaped cotyledon and accumulate nutrients in the:

Gemmule

Embryo root

Shell

Endosperm

Perisperm

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A 55-year-old man came to a doctor with complaints of acute pain in his big toes. Meat and wine remain permanently in his diet. The doctor suspects gout. What substance must be measured in the patient’s blood to confirm this diagnosis?

Bilirubin

Uric acid

Urea

Ketone bodies

Lactate

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Isotonic glucose solution is widely used as a solvent or infuson medium for introduction of various drugs. What mass fraction is characteristic of this solution?

5%

1%

20%

10%

15%

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Name the process of cell membrane saturation with a fat-like substance suberin:

Mineralisation

Sliming

Suberization

Cutinization

Lignification

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A man has been suffering from rheumatoid arthritis for 10 years. Due to its exacerbation he had been taking acetylsalicylic acid and prednisolone. The patient complains of stomachache, eructation, nausea, sensation of full epigastrium, and meteorism. On gastroscopy there was an erosion (0,5x0,5 cm) of gastric mucosa detected. What is the cause of gastric mucosa defect development?

Prolonged taking of aspirin and hormones

Immune-mediated destruction of gastric mucosa

Prolonged hypersthenia of gastric muscles

Dysbacteriosis development

Age-related changes of mucosa

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Treatment of a number of pathologic changes in human body is based on the peptization process, particularly disintegration of thrombi within blood vessels. The most important condition for efficient peptization can be determined as:

Shaking

Timely introduction of anticoagulant

Introduction of excessive solvent

Heating

Ultrasound effect

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The patient’s large-focal myocardial infarction is complicated with pulmonary edema. What disturbance of cardiohemodynamics contributed to the pulmonary edema development?

Autoimmune myocarditis

Acute right ventricular failure

Cardiogenic shock

Acute left ventricular failure

Reperfusion syndrome

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The fruit is a thorned many-seeded capsule that opens into four flaps when ripe. It is characteristic of:

Hyoscyamus niger

Digitalis purpurea

Papaver somniferum

Linum usitatissimum

Datura stramonium

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An interhospital pharmacy received a short-acting narcotic analgesic that is 100 times more active than morphine. Name this drug:

Naltrexone

Fentanyl

Ketanov (Ketorolac)

Analgin (Metamizole)

Naloxone

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Hemoglobin break-up begins in the cells of reticuloendothelial system. What enzyme catalyzes the reduction reaction of biliverdine into bilirubin?

Biliverdine reductase

Heme oxygenase

Xanthine oxidase

Hexokinase

Beta-glucuronidase

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To stop diarrhea the doctor prescribed a drug that affects opiate receptors of the intestine and decreases its peristalsis. Name this drug:

Loperamide

Voltaren (Diclofenac)

Tetracycline

Heparin

Levorin

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What formula corresponds with alpha-nitropyrole?

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Essential oils are used both in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. To extract essential oils from herbal raw material the following technology is used:

Calorimetry

Conductometry

Potentiometry

Steam distillation

Colorimetry

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Specify the mechanism of the given reaction: H+, t>170oC C2H5OH −−−−−−−−→ H2C = CH2+H2O

SN (nucleophilic substitution)

SR (radical substitution)

Е (elimination)

S (electrophilic substitution)

N (nucleophilic attachment)

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What type of bonds participates in creation of both linear and cyclic carboxylic acid associates in the form of dimers?

Ionic bonds

Nonpolar covalent bonds

Polar covalent bonds

Hydrogen bonds

Donor-acceptor bonds

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Specify the functional group of isoniazide (an isonicotinic acid derivative) molecule:

Amide group

Carboxyl group

Ester group

Hydrazide group

Pyridine heterocyclic group

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What compound is synthesized by means of beta-picoline oxidation?

Nicotinic acid

Ascorbic acid

Uric acid

Barbituric acid

Benzoic acid

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Specify quinoline among the compounds given below:

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Name the substance B in the following transformation:

Propanal

Acetic acid

Ethanal

Ethanol

Propanone

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What substance produces ketone, when oxidized with potassium permanganate?

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Among the given isomer pairs choose the position isomers of the functional group:

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Among the given substances choose the one that is used for oxidation of organic compounds:

KMnO4

NaOH

NH2 − NH2

CH3 − CH3

HCl

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What substance will be produced as the result of the following reaction: C6H5 − N+ ≡ NCl− + KJ −(t)→?

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What reagent can simultaneously detect aldehyde group and glycol fragment in a glucose molecule?

Cu(OH)2

FeCl3

KMnO4

Br2

AlCl3

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