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Heterozygous parents with А (II) and В (III) blood groups according to AB0 system gave birth to a child. What is the probability of the child having 0 (I) blood group?
75%
50%
25%
100%
0%
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During dehelmintization a patient expelled long fragments of a segmented helminth. In some segments their width exceeds their length; there is a rosette¬like uterus in the segment center. Name the helminth:
Taeniarhynchus saginatus
Diphylobotrium latum
Hymenolepis nana
Echinococcus
Taenia solium
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Carious cavities of a 29-year-old patient contain parasitic protozoa. It is established that they belong to the Sarcodina class. Specify these protozoa:
Lamblia intestinalis
Entamoeba gingivalis
Amoeba proteus
Entamoeba histolutica
Entamoeba coli
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According to the law of constancy of chromosome numbers, most ani¬mal species have definite and constant chromosome number. The mechani¬sm that maintains this constancy duri¬ng sexual reproduction of organisms is called:
Amitosis
Meiosis
Regeneration
-
Schizogony
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At a certain stage of human ontogenesis, physiological bond occurs between circulatory systems of the mother and the fetus. This function is being carried out by the following provi¬sory organ:
Placenta
Amnion
Yolk sac
Serous tunic
Allantois
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It is necessary to perform urinary bladder catheterization of an adult man. Resistance to the catheter can occur in the following structure or part of the urethra:
Prostatic part
Internal urethral orifice
External urethral orifice
Spongiose part
Membranous part
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A woman has come to a dentist wi¬th complaints of bruising and swelling around her eye. Anamnesis is as follows: several days prior her 1st premolar tooth had been extracted, with infraorbital anaesthesia administered; several days later hematoma appeared in the area of foramen intraorbitale. The branch of the following artery was damaged:
Masseteric artery
Facial artery
Superficial temporal artery
Superior labial artery
Maxillary artery
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A patient consulted a doctor about an increased pain sensitivity of the ear skin and ear canal. Palpation behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle was painful. Such clinical presentations are typical of the irritation of the following nerve:
N. transversus colli
Nn. supraclaviculares
N. occipitalis minor
N. auricularis magnus
N. vagus
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In a 12-year-old patient an inflammatory process in the internal ear spread to the meninges, diffusely affecti¬ng them. A doctor suspects the process to have spread through the connection between the subarachnoid space of the brain and perilymphatic space of the internal ear. What anatomic structure became the pathway for the spreading inflammation?
Aqueductus vestibuli
Fissura petrosquamosa
Hiatus canalis n. petrosi minoris
Fossa subarcuata
Hiatus canalis n. petrosi majoris
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A woman with essential hypertensi¬on has been hospitalized. The patient presents with aneurysm of a. communi- cans posterior of the cerebrum arterial circle. What vessels of arterial circle are normally joined with this artery?
A. carotis interna et a. cerebri media
A. carotis interna et a. cerebri posterior
A. cerebri anterior et a. cerebri media
A. cerebri media et a. cerebri posterior
A. carotis externa et a. cerebri anterior
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In the skin biopsy material in the epidermis there are cells with processes and cytoplasm that contains dark brown granules. Name these cells:
Keratinocytes
Intraepidermal macrophages
Lymphocytes
Melanocytes
Merkel’s cells
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Gastroscopy of a patient revealed the lack of mucus in the coating of the mucous membrane. This can be caused by the dysfunction of the following cells of gastric wall:
Cells of prismatic glandular epitheli¬um
Endocrinocytes
Parietal cells of gastric glands
Cervical cells
Main exocrinocytes
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Alcoholic intoxication is accompani¬ed by disturbed motor coordination and equilibrium due to the damage caused to structural elements of the cerebellum. Functional disturbance of the following cells occurs in the first place:
Pyriform cells
Fusiform cells
Stellate cells
Basket cells
Granule cells
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Histologic specimen demonstrates an oral cavity organ with mucosa covered with keratinized stratified squamous epi-thelium. Specify this organ or its part:
Uvula
Gum
Labial mucosa
Soft palate
Inferior surface of tongue
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During gastrulation an embryo proceeds from histiotrophic to hematotrophic nutrition. What provi¬sory organ makes it possible at first?
Allantois
Trophoblast
Chorion
Amnion
Yolk sac
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One of the coats of a hollow organ has anastomotic fibers with nuclei. The fibers consist of cells that form intercalated disks at the places of contact. What tissue forms this coat?
Cross-striated cardiac muscle
Unstriped muscle
Dense irregular connective tissue
Cross-striated skeletal muscle
Loose fibrous connective tissue
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A 30-year-old woman has decreased enzyme content in the pancreatic juice. This condition can be caused by insuffici-ent secretion of the following hormone:
Cholecystokinin-pancreozymin
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
Secretin
Vasoactive intestinal peptide
Somatostatin
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Electric current has affected skeletal muscle fiber resulting in depolarisati¬on of the membrane. Depolarisation develops due to the following ions penetrating the membrane:
Na+
HCO3C. Ca2+
Cl¬E. K+
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Psychological evaluation determined that a person is able to quickly adapt to changing situation, has good memory, is emotionally stable, possesses of high working ability. This person is the most likely to be:
Sanguine
Choleric
Melancholic
Phlegmatic
Phlegmatic with melancholic traits
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An oculist has detected increased ti¬me of darkness adaptation of a patient’s eye. What vitamin deficiency can cause such symptom?
С
К
Е
D
А
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A patient suffers from diabetes melli- tus with fasting hyperglycemia over 7,2 mmol/l. What blood plasma protein would allow to assess the patient’s glycemia level retrospectively (4-8 weeks prior to examination)?
Albumin
C -reactive protein
Glycated hemoglobin
Fibrinogen
Ceruloplasmin
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A patient is in the state of hypoglycemic coma. What hormone can cause this condition if overdosed?
Cortisol
Somatotropin
Progesterone
Insulin
Corticotropin
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A 24-year-old patient has been admi¬nistered glutamic acid to treat epilepsy. Medicinal effect in this case occurs not due to glutamate itself, but due to the product of its decarboxylation:
Serotonin
Taurine
Histamine 4-monooxygenase
Dopamine
Y-aminobutyric acid
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Mucin aggregates retain water, whi¬ch results in their viscosity and protecti¬ve action. It is possible because mucin structure contains:
Disaccharides
Glucose
Oligosaccharides
Homopolysaccharides
Glycosaminoglycans
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Along with normal hemoglobin types there can be pathological ones in the body of an adult. Specify one of them:
HbF
HbA2
HbA1
HbO2
HbS
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Chronic overdosage of glucocorti¬coids leads to the development of hyperglycemia. What process of carbohydrate metabolism is responsible for this effect?
Glycogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Aerobic glycolisis
Pentose-phosphate cycle
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After anaesthetic application during tooth extraction the patient developed marked soft tissue edema of the upper and lower jaw, skin rash on the face, reddening, and itching. What pathologi¬cal process results in such reaction to the anaesthetic?
Allergy
Inflammation
Circulatory deficiency
Disturbed lymph drainage
Toxic action of a drug
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Due to morbid affection of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus a 40year-old pati¬ent has developed polyuria (10-12 liters per day) and polydipsia. The following hormone is deficient, thus leading to this disturbance:
Oxytocin
Vasopressin
Corticotropin
Somatotropin
Thyrotropin
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A patient with glossitis presents with disappearance of lingual papi¬llae, reddening and burning pain in the tongue. Blood test: erythrocytes - 2,2 • 1012/l, hemoglobin - і0з g/l, color index -1,4. What type of anemia is it?
«-thalassemia
Iron deficiency
Iron refractory
B12 folate-deficient
в-thalassemia
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A patient with chronic renal failure presents with reduced inulin clearance of 60 ml/min. The following renal function is disturbed:
Tubular secretion
Reabsorption in the proximal tubular segment of the nephron
Glomerular filtration
Reabsorption in the tubules of collecti¬ng duct
Reabsorption in the distal tubular segment of the nephron
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Histological investigation of an extracted tooth revealed presence of necrotic detritus with fatty acid crystals and numerous microbe colonies in the pulp chamber. What diagnosis is the most likely?
Pulp gangrene
Chronic pulpitis
Complicated chronic pulpitis
Purulent pulpitis
Serous pulpitis
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Autopsy of a man with tuberculosis has revealed a 3x2 cm large cavity in the superior lobe of the right lung. The cavity was interconnected with a bronchus, its wall was dense and consi¬sted of three layers: the internal layer was pyogenic, the middle layer was made of tuberculous granulation tissue and the external one was made of connective ti¬ssue. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Fibrous cavernous tuberculosis
Acute cavernous tuberculosis
Tuberculoma
Acute focal tuberculosis
Fibrous focal tuberculosis
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Histological investigation of renal bi¬opsy material taken from a patient wi¬th tuberculosis has revealed chaotically located chromatin granules in the focus of caseous necrosis. These changes are the result of:
Karyopyknosis
Karyorrhexis
Apoptosis
Karyolysis
Mitotic activity of nuclei
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During inspection of dental tools for sterility in one case gram-positive cocci were detected. They were situated in clusters and yielded positive plasma coagulation reaction; the cocci were fermenting mannitol in anaerobic condi¬tions and exhibiting lecithinase activity. What microorganism was detected?
Corinebacterium xerosis
Str. pyogenes
St. saprophiticus
St. epidermidis
Staph. aureus
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Analysis of sputum taken from a pati¬ent with suspected pneumonia revealed slightly elongated gram-positive di- plococci with tapered opposite ends. What microorganisms were revealed in the sputum?
Neisseria meningitidis
Staphylococcus aureus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Microscopic examination of pus sample taken from mandibular fistula canal and stained by Gram’s method has revealed druses with gram-positive coloring in the center and cone-shaped structures with gram-negative coloring. Such morphology is characteristic of the agent of:
Anaerobic infection
Candidiasis
Actinomycosis
Fusobacteriosis
Staphylococcal osteomyelitis
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A puncture sample has been taken from the inguinal lymph nodes of a pati¬ent provisionally diagnosed with plague. The sample was inoculated into hard nutrient medium. What shape will the colonies have, if the diagnosis is confi¬rmed?
’’Mercury drops”
”Shagreen leather”
”Lace handkerchief”
”Lion’s mane”
”Dewdrops”
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To perform conduction anesthesia a patient had been administered a drug used in dental surgery. The patient developed the symptoms of poisoni¬ng: central nervous system excitation followed by paralysis and acute cardi¬ovascular insufficiency (collapse). Addi¬tionally there were allergic reactions (itching, swelling, erythema). Name this drug:
Thiopental sodium
Lidocaine
Pipecuronium bromide
Suxamethonium chloride
Tubocurarin chloride
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Enzymes and other active substances regulating connective tissue density and permeability are being produced in connective tissue cells. What enzyme drug is used to make the connecti¬ve tissue growths looser and more permeable?
Lipase
Cocarboxylase
Cholinesterase
Lydase
Amylase
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A schizophrenic patient has been prescribed aminazine. What pharmacodynamic action of this drug justifies its prescription in this case?
Hypotensive
Antiemetic
Antipsychotic
Hypothermic
Muscle relaxant
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A patient with maxillofacial joint arthritis has come to a dentist. The denti¬st prescribed an ointment with an anti-inflammatory agent that is a pyrazolone derivative. Name this agent:
Diclofenac sodium
Indometacin
Butadion (Phenylbutazone)
Ibuprofen
Mefenamic acid
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A 55-year-old man with acute heart failure has been administered a quick- relief cardiac glycoside. Which of the following drugs has been given to the patient?
Celanid
Digitoxin
Adonisidum
Strophanthin
Milrinone
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A patient suffering from ciliary arrhythmia with anamnesis of bronchi¬al asthma should be prescribed an anti¬arrhythmic drug. What antiarrhythmic drug is CONTRAINDICATED in this case?
Nifedipine
Ajmaline
Verapamil
Anaprilin (Propranolol)
Novocainamide (Procainamide)
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A 35-year-old woman is diagnosed with faucial diphtheria. The patient di¬ed with signs of acute heart failure. On autopsy: heart cavities are enlarged in the diameter, heart muscle is dull, flaccid, striped on section, with yellowish areas under the endocardium. What type of degeneration was detected in cardiac hystiocytes?
Hyaline droplet
Hydropic
Fatty
Carbohydrate
Ballooning
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A 67-year-old patient has ordered a full functional denture. It was necessary to extract his left upper canine. After infraorbital anaesthesia the patient presented with progressing hematoma in the frontal part of his face. The patient was found to have an injury of the artery that is the branch of: A.
maxillaris
A. facialis
A. temporalis superficialis
A. labialis superior
A. ophthalmica
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A woman, who had undergone mastectomy due to breast cancer, was prescribed a course of radiation therapy. What vitamin preparation has marked antiradiation effect due to its antioxidant activity?
Cyanocobalamin
Folic acid
Tocopherol acetate
Ergocalciferol
Riboflavin
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Often the cause of secondary immunodeficiency is an infectious affection of an organism, when agents reproduce directly in the cells of immune system and destroy them. Specify the di¬seases, during which the described above occurs:
Infectious mononucleosis, AIDS
Tuberculosis, mycobacteriosis
Dysentery, cholera
Q fever, typhus
Poliomyelitis, viral hepatitis type A
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Premature babies often develop respiratory distress syndrome. This pathology is caused by the deficiency of a certain component of the blood-air barrier. Name this component:
Endothelial basement membrane
Capillary endothelium
Surfactant
Alveolocytes
Alveolar basement membrane
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A forensic laboratory received clothes of a citizen, who a day before was reported missing. The clothes were found in a shed, there are red stai¬ns identified as blood by an expert. What reaction should be performed to determine whether these red stains are dried human blood?
Enzyme immunoassay
Complement binding
Flocculation
Agglutination
Circular precipitation
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A patient has a history of chronic heart failure. Which of the following hemodynamic parameters is a major symptom of cardiac decompensation development?
Increased central venous pressure
Tachycardia development
Decreased stroke volume
Increased peripheral vascular resi¬stance
Tonogenic dilatation
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A 45-year-old patient with essential hypertension, who has been taking an antihypertensive drug for 4 days, notes that his blood pressure is normalized; however the patient complains of sleepi¬ness and sluggishness. What drug is the patient taking?
Apressin (Hydralazine)
Enalapril
Captopril
Clophelin (Clonidine)
Prazosin
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Due to trauma the patient’s parathyroid glands have been removed, which resulted in inertness, thirst, sharp increase of neuromuscular excitability. Metabolism of the following substance is disturbed:
Manganese
Molybdenum
Chlorine
Calcium
Zinc
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A doctor has established signifi¬cant growth retardation, disproportional body build, and mental deficiency of a child. What is the most likely cause of this pathology?
Genetic defects
Hypopituitarism
Insufficient nutrition
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
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To terminate hypertensive crisis the patient was administered solution of magnesium sulfate. What route of drug administration should be chosen?
Intra-arterial
Duodenal
Rectal
Intravenous
Oral
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A specimen presents an endocri¬ne system organ covered with capsule made of connective tissue. Septa branch off from the capsule inwards and divi¬de the organ into lobules. Each lobule consists of two cell types: neurosecretory pinealocytes (polygonal cells with processes) located in the center and gli¬acytes (astrocytes) located at the peri¬phery. What organ is represented in this specimen?
Epiphysis
Adrenal medulla
Thyroid gland
Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
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After introdiction of adrenaline the patient’s blood glucose level increased. It is caused by intensified:
Glycogen synthesis
Glycogenolysis in the liver
Glycogenolysis in the muscles
Glycolysis in the liver
Glycolysis in the skeletal muscles
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A 20-year-old young man, who started to train systematically in athleti¬cs, has the following resting-state blood values: erythrocytes - 5,5 • 1012/l, reti¬culocytes - 12%, hemoglobin - 160 g/l, color index - 1,03. Such blood values indicate erythropoiesis stimulation due to the following occurring in the process of his training:
Hyperventilation
Physical activity
Hypoxemia
Hypercapnia
Hyperglycemia
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In the armpits of a patient there are small (1-1,5 mm), dorsoventrally flattened, wingless, blood-sucking insects. Their larvae have been developi¬ng in the armpits as well. What disease is caused by these insects?
Phthiriasis
Relapsing fever
Chagas’ disease
Sleeping sickness
Plague
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To treat peptic ulcer disease of the stomach a patient has been prescribed famotidine. Specify the mechanism of action of this drug:
Effect on cell membrane transport system
Antienzyme action
H2 histamine receptors block
Physicochemical interaction
Effect on ion channels of cell membranes
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A student, who unexpectedly met his girlfriend, developed an increase in systemic arterial pressure. This pressure change was caused by the intensified realization of the following reflexes:
Conditioned sympathetic and parasympathetic
Conditioned parasympathetic
Unconditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned parasympathetic
Conditioned sympathetic
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A connective tissue specimen stained with hematoxylin-eosin shows isogenous cell groups surrounded with basophi¬lic intercellular substance. No fibrous structures are detected. What type of connective tissue is it?
Hyaline cartilage tissue
Elastic cartilage tissue
Splenial bone tissue
Dense fibrous tissue
Loose fibrous tissue
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A 46-year-old patient consulted an oculist about drooping of the upper eyelid. On examination he was di¬agnosed with a brain tumor. The pathological process must have affected the nuclei of the following pair of cranial nerves:
VII
IV
III
II
VI
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A 36-year-old patient consulted an ophthalmologist about eye ache. The examination revealed erosion of the cornea, that is the lack of superficial and spinous layers of the epithelium. What cells will provide regeneration of the damaged epithelium?
Cells of stratum superficiale
Cells of stratum basale
Cells of stratum lucidum
Cells of stratum granulosum
Cells of stratum corneum
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A patient undergoing treatment with nitrofurans has imbibed a small amount of alcohol, which resulted in severe poi-soning. The poisoning developed due to:
Allergic reaction
Neural disorder
Disturbed renal function
Accumulation of acetic aldehyde
Cardiovascular collapse
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During development of a frostbite the exposed skin becomes pale and its temperature drops. What mechanism is the basis of these developments?
Reflex vasoconstriction
Closure of arteriovenous anastomoses
Decreased heart rate
Dermal and subcutaneous vasodi¬latation
Visceral vasoconstriction
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A patient during fasting developed ketoacidosis as a result of increased fatty acids decomposition. This decompositi¬on can be inhibited with:
Cortisol
Adrenaline
Glucagon
Insulin
Thyroxin
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Examination of a patient revealed glycosuria and hyperglycemia. He complains of dry mouth, itchy skin, frequent urination, thirst. He has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. What is the cause of polyuria in this patient?
Decreased cardiac output
Increased filtration pressure
Increased plasma oncotic pressure
Increased urine osmotic pressure
Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
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Due to overdosage of a vasodilator a 58-year-old patient has developed acute vascular insufficiency. What drug would be advisable for termination of this pathological condition?
Aethimizolum (Methylamide)
Mesaton (Phenylephrine)
Euphyllin (Aminophylline)
Dopamine
Cordiamin
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To treat chronic heart failure a patient takes digoxin. What diuretic can increase digoxin toxicity due to increased excretion of K + ions?
Lisinopril
Silibor
Panangin
Hydrochlorothiazide
Spironolactone
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Далі ›
A patient, who had been eating only polished rice, developed polyneuri¬tis caused by thiamine deficiency. What compound can be indicative of this kind of avitaminosis when excreted with uri¬ne?
Methylmalonic acid
Phenylpyruvate
Malate
Uric acid
Pyruvic acid
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A doctor examined a patient, studi¬ed the patient’s blood analyses and concluded that the peripheral organs of immunogenesis are damaged. What organs are the most likely to be affected?
Thymus
Red bone marrow
Yellow bone marrow
Kidneys
Tonsils
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In what organ biotransformation (metabolic transformation) of most medicinal agents occurs upon their introduction into an organism?
Kidneys
Skin
Liver
Lungs
Intestine
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Далі ›
A patient with diabetes mellitus has been delivered to a hospital unconsci¬ous. BP is low, Kussmaul’s respiration is observed, the smell of acetone can be detected from the patient’s mouth. What mechanism is leading in the coma development in this case?
Accumulation of sodium ions
Accumulation of potassium ions
Accumulation of ketone bodies in blood
Accumulation of urea
Accumulation of chlorine ions
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Далі ›
A patient has been diagnosed with bi¬cuspid valve insufficiency. Where is this valve located?
Between the left and right atria
Between the left and right ventricles
Between the left atrium and left ventricle
At the aortic orifice
Between the right atrium and right ventricle
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Далі ›
In the epicenter of the registered rabies cases among wild animals a 43- year-old man came to a clinic and clai¬med to have been bitten by a stray dog. He was given a course of anti-rabies vaccine. This preparation belongs to the following type of vaccines:
Inactivated
Synthetic
Molecular
Attenuated
Toxoids
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Далі ›
In Western Europe nearly half of all congenital malformations occur in the children conceived in the period when pesticides were used extensively in the region. These congenital conditions are the result of the following factor:
Mechanical
Carcinogenic
Mutagenic
Malignization
Teratogenic
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Gastrulation is the period of embryogenesis, when germinal layers are formed, resulting in three-layered structure of an embryo. What gastrulati- on mechanism is characteristic of a human embryo?
Immigration and invagination
Epiboly
Invagination
Delamination and epiboly
Delamination and immigration
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Далі ›
A 19-year-old young man has been examined in a nephrological hospi¬tal. Increased potassium content was detected in secondary urine of the pati¬ent. Such alterations are the most likely to be caused by the increased secretion of the following hormone:
Adrenaline
Aldosterone
Testosterone
Glucagon
Oxytocin
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Далі ›
A 12-year-old boy has tetanic convulsions. What gland can be functi¬onally impaired in this case?
Glandula pinealis
Glandula thyroidea
Glandulae parathyroidae
Thymus
Hypophisis
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Далі ›
A man came to a surgeon with complains of pain in his lower right abdomen. On deep palpation the doctor detected a painful area in the right ingui¬nal region. What part of the intestine is the most likely to be affected with pathological process?
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Cecum
Rectum
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Далі ›
During investigation of skin epitheli¬um it was determed, that it consists of several cellular layers. Epithelial cells of the external layer have no nuclei. What type of epithelium is it?
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Multirow columnar epithelium
Multirow ciliary epithelium
Transitional epithelium
Keratinized stratified squamous epi¬thelium
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Далі ›
A histological specimen shows termi¬nal secretory parts of glands made of conic cells with basophilic cytoplasm and a roundish nucleus in the centre. Specify the type of terminal secretory parts by the type of secretion:
Serous
Mucous
Combined
Sebaceous
Seromucous
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Далі ›
Electron diffraction pattern of a spermatozoon clearly presents a sheath¬like structure localized in the spermi- ocalyptrotheca and participating in di¬ssolution of ovular membranes. Name this structure:
Acrosome
Segmented columns
Axoneme
Microtubules
Centriole
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Далі ›
A patient complains of toothache. On examination he has been di¬agnosed with pulpitis. Which factor played the main pathogenic role in the development of pain syndrome in this case?
Vasospasm
Increased intratissular pressure in the dental pulp
Inadequate stimulation of the mandi¬bular nerve branch
Interleukin action
Activation of one of the complement system components
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Далі ›
The patient’s saliva has been tested for antibacterial activity. What saliva component has antibacterial properties?
Ceruloplasmin
Parotin
Cholesterol
Amylase
Lysozyme
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Далі ›
A patient with a bleeding knife wound in the area of carotid triangle has been delivered to a hospital. Blood flowi¬ng from the wound is dark. What vessel is injured?
Facial vein
Facial artery
External jugular vein
Internal carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
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Далі ›
A patient with symptoms of acute heart failure, namely pallor, acrocyanosis, and rapid shallow breathi¬ng, has been delivered to an emergency department. Which of these drugs is indi¬cated in this case?
Nitroglycerine
Adrenalin hydrochloride
Corglycon
Cordiamine
Digitoxin
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Далі ›
A victim of an earthquake has been remaining under debris for 7 days wi¬thout food or water. What type of starvation is it?
Complete with continued hydration
Qualitative
Quantitative
Complete
Incomplete
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Далі ›
Micromanipulator was used to extract one of the two centrioles of centrosome (cell center) from hepatocyte (liver cell). What process will STOP OCCURRING in this cell?
Energy exchange
Division
Protein biosynthesis
Lipid synthesis
Glycogen synthesis
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Далі ›
During an experiment aimed as study of respiration regulation processes the peripheral chemoreceptors of test ani¬mals were stimulated, which resulted in changed respiratory rate and depth. Where are these receptors localized?
Capillary bed, aortic arch
Atria, carotid sinus
Aortic arch, carotid sinus
Capillary bed, aortic arch, carotid sinus
Capillary bed, carotid sinus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After an abortion a 25-year-old woman developed oliguria, anuria, and increasing azotemia. The patient di¬ed of acute renal failure. Autopsy revealed degeneration and necrosis of the convoluted renal tubules epithelium. What disease was the cause of death in this case?
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephri¬tis
Acute necrotizing nephrosis
Renal amyloidosis
Acute pyelonephritis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A child with a foreign body in the lungs has been hospitalized. What bronchus is the most likely to contain this foreign body, if its diameter approxi¬mates to 1,5 cm?
Left primary bronchus
Right primary bronchus
Right segmental bronchus
Left segmental bronchus
Lobar bronchus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During examination of the oral cavity at the vestibular surface of the lower right incisor there was detected a rounded growth on the thin pedicle. Histologically: in the connective tissue there are numerous thin-walled sinusoi¬ds, hemorrhage areas, hemosiderin foci, and giant cells resembling osteoclasts. Make the diagnosis:
Giant cell epulis
Angiomatous epulis
Cavernous hemangioma
Gingival fibromatosis
Granular cell ameloblastoma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 35-year-old man has come to a dentist with complaints of decreased density of the dental tissue and increased brittleness of his teeth during consumpti¬on of hard food. Laboratory analysis measured Ca/P correlation in the enamel sample. What value of Ca/P indicates increased demineralization?
0,9
1, 67
2, 5
1, 85
1, 5
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During examination a dentist noti¬ced bowl-shaped defects on the frontal surface of the patient’s canines in the cervical area. Microscopically the pulp is covered with compacted dentin, sli¬ghtly atrophied and sclerosed. What pathological process occurs in the pati¬ent?
Median caries
Stage of chalky white spots
Superficial caries
Deep caries
Cuneiform defects
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient complains of frequent bowel movements and stool with blood admixtures (’’raspberry jelly” stool). Mi-croscopic examination revealed large mononuclear cells with absorbed red blood cells. What protozoon is this morphological structure typical of?
Campylobacter jejuni
Balantidium coli
Giardia lamblia
Entamoeba histolytica
Toxoplasma gondii
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During teeth examination on the lateral surface of the first upper molar there was detected a cone-shaped cari¬ous cavity with base oriented towards the tooth surface and apex - towards the tooth center. Softened dentin is visible at the floor of the carious cavity. Make the diagnosis:
Enamel caries
Cement caries
Tooth erosion
-
Dentin caries
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After restoration of maxllary inci¬sors with artificial crowns a 44-year-old woman was found to have a brownish growth in the form of a node 15 mm in di¬ameter. Histological study revealed that under the stratified squamous epitheli¬um of the gingiva there was a connecti¬ve tissue mass with numerous sinusoi¬dal vessels, oval-shaped mononuclear cells forming osteoid substance, and polynuclear giant cells that destroyed the alveolar ridge of the upper jaw. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Eosinophilic granuloma
Gingival fibromatosis
Angiomatous epulis
Fibromatous epulis
Giant cell epulis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman is diagnosed with fatty ti¬ssue inflammation located between the leaves of broad ligament of the uterus. Name this anatomical structure:
Myometrium
Parametrium
Mesometrium
Endometrium
Perimetrium
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Normal metabolic rate and energy expenditure should be taken into account when actual basal metabolic rate of a patient is being determied by means of indirect calorimetry. Normal metabolic rate can be determined most accurately based on the patient’s:
Respiratory coefficient and body surface area
Respiratory coefficient and caloric coefficient of oxygen
Height and respiratory coefficient
Sex, age, height and weight
Body surface area and weight
‹ Назад
Далі ›
On microscopic examination of leftovers of the canned meat eaten by a patient with severe food toxicoinfecti- on the following was detected: gram¬positive bacilli with subterminal staini¬ng defect and configuration alteration of bacilli generally resembling a tennis racket. What agent was detected?
E. coli
B. botulinum
P. vulgaris
S. enteritidis
S. aureus
‹ Назад
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The patient’s examination in a hospital specialised in diseases of nervous system has revealed absence of light-induced miosis. It is caused by the damage of the following brain structures:
Vegetative nuclei of the 3rd pair of cranial nerves
Hypothalamus nuclei
Reticular nuclei of mesencephalon
Red nuclei of mesencephalon
Reticular nuclei of medulla oblongata
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A newborn boy has been diagnosed with hydrocephalus. Doctors consider it to be caused by teratogenic factors. What germ layers are affected by the teratogen?
Endoderm and mesoderm
All embryo germ layers
Endoderm
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient on the 2nd day after cardiac infarction presents with acute decrease of systolic blood pressure down to 60 mm Hg with tachycardia 140/min., dyspnea, loss of consciousness. What mechanism is essential in the pathogenesis of shock developed in this case?
Decreased cardiac output
Decreased circulating blood volume
Development of paroxysmal tachycardia
Increased myocardial excitability caused by products of necrotic disi¬ntegration
Development of anaphylactic reaction to myocardial proteins
‹ Назад
Далі ›
For biochemical diagnostics of cardiac infarction it is necessary to determine activity of a number of enzymes and their izoenzymes in the blood. What enzyme assay is considered to be optimal for confirming or ruling out cardiac infarction at the early stage, after the patient develops thoracic pain?
LDH5 isoenzyme
Creatine kinase MM isoenzyme
Cytoplasmic isoenzyme of aspartate aminotransferase
Creatine kinase MB isoenzyme
LDHi isoenzyme
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 56-year-old man presents wi¬ th parathyroid tumor. The followi¬ng is observed: muscle weakness, osteoporosis, bone deformation, nephroliths consisting of oxalates and phosphates. The patient’s condition is caused by:
Increased secretion of calcitonin
Decreased secretion of parathyroid hormone
Increased secretion of thyroxin
Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone
Decreased secretion of calcitriol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
There is increased activity of AST, LDH1, LDH2, and CPK in the patient’s blood. Pathological process most likely occurs in the:
Skeletal muscles
Kidneys
Adrenal glands
Liver
Heart
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffering from acute vascular purpura is prescribed a first- generation antihistamine with local anaesthetic, antispasmodic, and sedati¬ve action. Specify this drug:
Droperidol
Dibazol (Bendazol)
Dimedrol (Diphenhydramine)
Diazolin (Mebhydrolin)
Dithylin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with autoimmune thyroi¬ditis has been prescribed a peptide hormonal agent. Specify this agent:
Triamcinolone
L-thyroxin
Trimethoprim
Tamoxifen
Triquilar
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 42-year-old woman, who has been keeping to a vegetarian diet for a long period of time, consulted a doctor. Examination revealed negative nitrogen balance in the patient. What factor is the most likely cause of such a condition?
Insufficient amount of dietary fiber
Excessive amount of fats in the diet
Decreased rate of metabolic processses
Insufficient amount of fats in the diet
Insufficient amount of proteins in the diet
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cytogenetic analysis allowed to determine the patient’s karyotype - 47, XY, +21/46, XY. Name this condition:
Translocation
Genocopy
Deletion
Phenocopy
Mosaicism
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient, who after a trauma suffers from impeded active flexion of elbow, consulted a traumatologist. What muscle is the most likely to be damaged?
M. biceps brachii
M. latissimus dorsi
M. pectoralis major
M. deltoideus
M. coracobrachialis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In the patient’s feces there were eggs of Fasciola hepatica. The doctor, however, refrained from making di¬agnosis and insisted on a repeat of analysis, with beef liver excluded from the patient’s diet. What led the doctor to make such decision?
Insufficient qualification of a laboratory assistant
Possible phenomenon of transient eggs
Absent symptoms of invasion
Uncertainty regarding the analysis precision
Lack of trust towards the investigation method
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient presents with dysfunction of the cerebral cortex accompanied by epileptic seizures. He has been admini¬stered a biogenic amine synthetized from glutamate and responsible for central inhibition. What substance is it?
у-aminobutyric acid
Serotonin
Histamine
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Red bone marrow has been damaged under radioactive emission of 5 Gy. What determines the red bone marrow sensitivity towards ionizing radi¬ation?
Radiosensitizers in the cells
Intensive cell division
High content of peroxides in the cells
Destructive effect of radiotoxins on DNA synthesis
High content of free radicals in the cells
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 40-year-old patient suffers from intolerance of dairy products. This condition has likely developed due to insufficiency of the following digestive enzyme:
Invertase
Lipase
Amylase
Maltase
Lactase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has been diagnosed wi¬th severe Si2-deficient anemia with hemopoiesis disturbance. Anamnesis states total gastrectomy. What cells allow to confirm this diagnosis, if they are absent in the peripheral blood?
Anulocytes
Normocytes
Microcytes
Megalocytes
Ovalocytes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
To prevent wound infection associ¬ated with surgical procedures a patient was given a synthetic antiprotozoan drug demonstrating high activity against Heli¬cobacter pylori. Specify this drug:
Doxycycline hydrochloride
Metronidazole
Chingamin
Acyclovir
Isoniazid
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A specimen of intestine demonstrates complex branching tubuloalveolar glands with their ends embedded in the submucous layer. What organ is it?
Ileum
Duodenum
Jejunum
Colon
Cecum
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After examining a patient a doctor recommended him to exclude rich meat and vegetable broths, spices, and smoked products from the diet, since the patient was found to have:
Reduced secretion of hydrochloric acid by the stomach glands
Increased secretion of hydrochloric acid by the stomach glands
Biliary dyskinesia
Reduced motility of the gastrointesti¬nal tract
Reduced salivation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Roentgenologically confirmed obstruction of common bile duct resulted in preventing bile from inflowi¬ng to the duodenum. What process is likely to be disturbed?
Hydrochloric acid secretion in stomach
Protein absorption
Fat emulgation
Salivation inhibition
Carbohydrate hydrolysis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Typical signs of food poisoning caused by A. botulinum include diplopia, swallowing and respiration disorders. These signs develop due to:
Enterotoxic shock development
Adenylate cyclase activation
Adhesion of the agent to enterocyte receptors
Exotoxin action
Enterotoxin action
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient in a grave condition has been delivered to an admission ward. Examination revealed pupil mydriasis, no reaction to the light, considerable reddening and dryness of skin and mucous membranes. What drug could have caused the intoxication symptoms?
Atropine sulphate
Adrenalin hydrochloride
Pilocarpine hydrochloride
Dithylinum
Proserin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient consulted a therapeuti¬st with complaints of pain in the chest, cough, fever. X-ray revealed eosinophi¬lic infiltrates in the lungs, further investi¬gation of which allowed to detect presence of larvae. What helminthiasis is it characteristic of?
Cysticercosis
Trichiniasis
Ascariasis
Fascioliasis
Echinococcosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
As a result of an injury a child developed an abscess of adipose tissue of the cheek. With time the process spread to the lateral surface of the pharynx. Pus had spread along the following fascia:
-
Temporal
Bucco-pharyngeal
Masticatory
Parotid
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Brain investigation by means of nuclear magnetic resonance revealed the patient to have a hematoma in the genu of the internal capsule. What pathway is damaged in this case?
Tr. thalamo-corticalis
Tr. cortico-fronto-pontinus
Tr. cortico-spinalis
Tr. cortico-nuclearis
Tr. cortico-thalamicus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cytochemical investigation revealed high content of hydrolytic enzymes in the cytoplasm. This phenomenon indicates the activity of the following organelles:
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cell center
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Polysomes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A victim of a traffic accident has lost thoracic respiration but retaines di- aphragmal. The spinal cord is most likely to be damaged at:
XI-XII cervical segments
I-II lumbar segments
I-II cervical segments
I-II sacral segments
VI-VII cervical segments
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Preventative examination of a 55- year-old patient revealed type II di¬abetes mellitus. An endocrinologist detected an increase in body weight and liver enlargement. The man is a nonsmoker and does not abuse alcohol but likes to have a ’’hearty meal’.’ Hi¬stological examination by means of di-agnostic liver puncture revealed that the hepatocytes were enlarged mostly on the lobule periphery, their cytoplasm had transparent vacuoles that reacted positi¬vely with sudan III. What liver pathology was revealed?
Portal liver cirrhosis
Acute viral hepatitis
Chronic viral hepatitis
Alcohol hepatitis
Fatty hepatosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
On microscopic examination of a surgical biopsy material (part of the lip with an ulcer) near the ulcer margins and under the ulcer floor in the connecti¬ve tissue of mucosa there are epithelial complexes composed of atypical stratifi¬ed epithelium with pathological mitotic figures. Within these complexes there are accumulations of bright pink concentric formations. What pathology is it?
Squamous cell nonkeratinous carci¬noma
Squamous cell keratinous carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Papilloma
Transitional cell carcinoma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During examination of a patient with a periodontal disease it would be advisable to investigate functional state of blood vessels of the dentomaxillary area. What method can be applied in this case?
Electroodontodiagnostics
Rheography
Sphygmography
Gnathodynamometry
Chronaximetry
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with displaced fracture of the right coronoid process of mandible has been delivered to a first-aid center. What muscle had displaced the coronoid process?
Right masticatory muscle
Right medial pterygoid muscle
Right temporal muscle
Left masticatory muscle
Right lateral pterygoid muscle
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with bronchial asthma has developed a bronchial spasm duri¬ng the visit to a dentist. Name the drug necessary to arrest the spasm:
Naphthizin
Bisoprolol
Mesaton (Phenylephrine)
Anaprilin (Propranolol)
Salbutamol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Microscopy of an oval cell, 150 micron in size, revealed the following: cytoplasm has yolk inclusions but no centrioles. Name this cell:
Fibroblast
Macrophage
Myocyte
Oocyte
Leucocyte
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A worker of a cattle farm consulted a surgeon about fever up to 40oC, headache, weakness. Objective exami¬nation of his back revealed hyperemia and a dark red infiltration up to 5 cm in diameter with black bottom in its center, which was surrounded with pustules. What disease are these presentations typical of?
Furuncle
Abscess
Anthrax
Plague
Tularemia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The autopsy of a 37-year-old man has revealed the following: in the aorta on the smooth glossy ivory-colored inti- ma there are yellowish-gray spots' blendi¬ng with each other, which form stripes that do not protrude from the intima surface. Microscopy reveals swelling and destruction of elastic membranes, di¬ffuse impregnation of aortic wall with orange granules ( if stained with Sudan III), orange coloring of macrophage cytoplasm and nonstriated muscle elements. Specify this process:
Liposclerosis of the aorta
Imbibition of the aorta with cadmium salts
Lipoidosis of the aorta
Atheromatosis of the aorta
Atherocalcinosis of the aorta
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with acute bronchitis has been prescribed sulfanilamide drugs for treatment. In an hour after administrati¬on the patient developed itching and vesicles filled with light transparent li¬quid on the face, palms and soles. Name the mechanism of immune response:
Reaginic reaction
Antibody-mediated cytolysis
-
Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity
Cell cytotoxicity
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 47-year-old man consulted a dentist about difficult mouth opening (trismus). The patient has a history of a stab wound of the lower extremity. What infection can be manifested by these symptoms?
Tetanus
Tularemia
Whooping cough
Brucellosis
Anaerobic wound infection
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 69-year-old patient developed a small plaque with subsequent ulceration on the skin of the lower eyelid. The formation was removed. Microscopic examination of dermis revealed complexes of atypical epitheli¬al cells arranged perpendicularly to the basal membrane on the periphery. The cells were dark, of polygonal prismatic shape, and had hyperchromic nuclei with frequent mitoses. What is the histologi¬cal form of carcinoma in this patient?
Basal cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Undifferentiated carcinoma
Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carci¬noma
Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 68-year-old man, who had been suffering from essential hypertension for a long time, was delivered to a resusci-tation unit with hemiplegia. The patient died after 7 hours. On autopsy: in the right cerebral hemisphere there is a cavi¬ ty 5x5 cm in size with uneven margins, filled with dark red blood clots. What cerebral circulation disorder developed in the patient?
Hematoma
Local venous hyperemia
Thrombosis
Hemorrhagic infiltration
Petechial hemorrhage
‹ Назад
Далі ›
What factor results in the highest energy expenditure under the normal vi¬tal activity conditions?
Action of skeletal muscles
Food rich in calories
Decrease of environment temperature
Increase of environment temperature
Mental work
‹ Назад
Далі ›
To drain the oral cavity a dentist places a tampon between the cheek and the 2nd upper molar. This way secreti¬on of the following salivary gland WILL NOT be able to accumulate in the oral cavity:
Submandibular gland
Lingual gland
Parotid gland
Sublingual gland
Labial glands
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During thermal stimulation it is characteristic of oral cavity blood vessels to:
Dilate in response to both cold and hot stimuli
Respond with constriction to cold stimuli
Respond depending on the vessel functional condition
Respond with constriction to hot stimuli
Present no response towards thermal stimuli
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After the cerebral hemorrhage a patient developed aphasia - lost the abi¬lity to articulate words. The hemorrhage is localized in the:
First temporal convolution
Superior frontal gyrus
Middle frontal gyrus
Second temporal convolution
Inferior frontal gyrus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
To assess the rate of collagen di- sintegration during certain connective tissue disturbances, it is necessary to measure the urine content of the followi¬ng:
Lysine
Urea
Oxyproline
Ornithine
Proline
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Deaf parents with genotypes DDee and ddEE gave birth to a girl with normal hearing. Specify the form of D and E genes interaction:
Complementary interaction
Complete dominance
Epistasis
Polymery
Overdominance
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 33-year-old man has a cystic growth connected to the 2nd molar of the lower jaw. Within the cystic cavity there is a rudimentary tooth. On mi¬croscopy: inner cystic surface is covered with stratified squamous epithelium, there are groups of mucin-producing cells. What diagnosis is the most likely?
Follicular cyst
Periodontitis
Primordial cyst
Follicular ameloblastoma
Radicular cyst
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In the course of an experiment researchers stimulate a branch of the sympathetic nerve that innervates heart. What alterations of cardiac activity should be registered?
Increase in arterial pressure
Increase in heart rate and heart force
Increase in heart force
Decrease in heart force
Increase in heart rate
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with a nasal trauma presents with skull fracture that circles the piriform opening. What bone is damaged?
Nasal
Frontal
Lacrimal
Maxillary
Ethmoid
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During tooth brushing it is not uncommon for oral mucosa to be injured. However, bleeding quickly stops on its own. What substances in saliva qui¬ckly staunch the flow of blood during mi¬nor oral injuries?
Procoagulants
Lysozyme and mucin
Amylolytic enzymes
Mineral substances
Lipolytic enzymes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The autopsy of a 45-year-old man, who worked in organic acids producti¬on and died from uremia, has revealed reduced and completely destroyed crowns of the upper and lower incisors. Microscopy detects destruction of dentin and enamel, the pulp is covered with dense replacing dentin. What pathologi¬cal process occurred in the teeth in this case?
Necrosis of the hard tooth tissues
Fluorosis
Cuneiform defects
Hypercementosis
Teeth erosion
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During postmortem examinati¬on of a 9-month-old infant it was determined that the cause of death was cerebral edema. What water-electrolyte imbalance is the most likely cause of the edema development?
Isoosmolar hyperhydration
Hyperosmolar hyperhydration
Hyperosmolar dehydration
Isoosmolar dehydration
Hypoosmolar hyperhydration
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An accident had resulted in a 65-year-old man drowning in a lake. Resuscitation measures allowed to restore his respiration and cardiac functi¬on. What factor prolongs the period of apparent death?
Elderly age
Prolonged preagony and agony
-
Hyperthermia
Hypothermia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An athlete (a long-distance runner) during competition has developed acute heart failure. This pathology developed due to:
Coronary blood flow disturbance
Pericardial pathology
Direct damage to myocardium
Pressure overload
Volume overload
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In postabsorptive state glycogen synthesis is increased in liver and muscles. The syntesis involves the following substance:
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Thymidine triphosphate (TTP)
Uridine triphosphate (UTP)
Cytidine triphosphate (CTP)
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 50-year-old man, who has been suffering for a long time from vi¬ral hepatitis, developed mental impai¬rments, impairments of consciousness, and motor disturbances (tremor, ataxia, etc.). What is the mechanism of such condition?
Decreased synthesis of albumins and globulins in the liver
Decreased detoxification function of the liver
Disturbed lipid exchange in the liver
Insufficient phagocytic function of stellate macrophages
Alterations in the lipid composition of blood
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 30-year-old man had suffered a thoracic trauma in a traffic accident, whi¬ch resulted in disturbance of external respiration. What ventilatory failure can be observed in this case?
Obstructive
Extrapulmonary restrictive
Mixed type
Dysregulatory
Pulmonary restrictive
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A girl is diagnosed with pri¬mary microcephaly that is a monogenic autosomal recessive disease. Her natural brother develops normally. What genotypes do the parents of these chi¬ldren have?
Аа х Аа
АА х АА
аа х аа
ААВВ х ААВВ
АА х аа
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient diagnosed with botulism has been prescribed antibotulinic serum for treatment. What immunity will be formed in the given patient?
Antitoxic active immunity
Antimicrobic passive immunity
Antimicrobic active immunity
Infection immunity
Antitoxic passive immunity
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An 84-year-old patient suffers from parkinsonism. One of the pathogenetic development elements of this disease is deficiency of a certain mediator in some of the brain structures. Name this medi¬ator:
Noradrenaline
Histamine
Adrenaline
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
High-altitude dwellers typically demonstrate chronically intensified respiration and decreased pCO2 value of blood. What mechanism is leading in the compensation of their asid-base imbalance?
Decreased pulmonary ventilation
Increased ammonia excretion with urine
-
Desreased renal reabsorption of bicarbonate
Increased pulmonary ventilation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has suffered a head injury. On examination there is a subcutaneous hematoma in the temporal area. What vessel was damaged, thus resulting in hematoma development?
А. auricularis posterior
А. temporalis superficialis
А. maxillaris
А. occipitalis
А. buccalis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Due to severe pain syndrome a patient has been prescribed a narcotic analgesic. Specify the prescribed drug:
Nimesulid
Indometacin
Morphine
Analgin (Metamizole)
Dimexid
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 50-year-old man came to a hospital with complaints of memory di¬sorders, painful sensations along the nerve trunks, decreased mental abili¬ty, circulatory disorders and dyspepsia. Anamnesis states excessive alcohol consumption. What vitamin deficiency can result in such symptoms?
Calciferol
Riboflavin
Retinol
Niacin
Thiamine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A young man has been performi¬ng physical exercises, holding a weight for a long time. What kind of muscle contraction is the most characteristic of these exercises?
Single
Isotonic
Isometric
Isovolumetric
Asynchronous
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient presents with lymphocytic-monocytic leukogram pattern. It is characteristic of:
Allergies
Chronic radiation sickness
-
Acute inflammatory process
Chronic inflammatory process
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of diphyllobothri- asis. What food products can be the cause of this condition?
Milk and eggs
Fish
Beef
Fruit and vegetables
Pork
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During examination of a woman she was found to have a luminal narrowing of the right jugular foramen (foramen jugulare). What cranial bones form this foramen?
Occipital and frontal
Temporal and cuneiform
Cuneiform and palatine
Occipital and cuneiform
Temporal and occipital
‹ Назад
Далі ›
What coenzyme of flavin-dependent dehydrogenases participates in the reactions of tricarboxylic acid cycle?
Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)
Flavin mononucleotide (FMN)
Heme
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
Thymidine diphosphate (TDP)
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient is diagnosed with inflammatory process in the area of the excretory duct of submandibular gland. This duct opens to:
Recesus gingivalis
Caruncula sublingualis
Vestibulum oris
Foramen caecum linguae
Linea terminalis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffering from arthritis is prescribed a COX2 selective inhibitor with antiinflammatory action. Specify this drug:
Analgin (Metamizole)
Dimexid
Celecoxib
Indometacin
Butadion (Phenylbutazone)
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has undergone recurri¬ng blood tests that revealed sharp fluctuations of glucose content: signi¬ficant increase in absorptive state and significant decrease in postabsorptive state. What pathology can be the cause of it?
Endemic goiter
Diabetes mellitus type II
Aglycogenosis (glycogenosis type 0)
Acromegaly
Diabetes mellitus type I
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A person found oneself in an emoti¬onally straining situation. As the result the blood adrenaline level has risen, therefore increasing the strength of cardiac contractions. In what way does adrenaline increase the strength of cardi¬ac contractions?
Activates peripheral chemoreceptors
Decreases tone of vagus nerves
Decreases excitability of pacemaker cells
Activates cardiac в-adrenergic receptors
Activates vascular baroreceptors
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During a brain surgery stimulation of the cerebral cortex resulted in tacti¬le and thermal sensations in the patient. What gyrus was stimulated?
Postcentral gyrus
Precentral gyrus
Cingulate convolution
Parahippocampal gyrus
Superior temporal gyrus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffering from malaria has developed hemolytic anemia after taking primaquine antimalarial drug. Hereditary insufficiency of the following enzyme in erythrocytes will be observed in this case:
Phosphofructokinase
Lipase
Triosephosphate isomerase
Fructose 1-phosphate aldolase
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Bacilli were extracted from the investigated sample. The bacilli are curved, extremely mobile, gram¬negative, form no spores or capsules, have anaerobic form of respiration. They form transparent smooth colonies in alkaline agar, ferment saccharose and mannose into acid, produce exotoxin, fibrinolysin, collagenase, and hyaluroni- dase. What agent was extracted?
Comma bacillus
Blue pus bacillus
Proteus
Dysentery bacillus
Colibacillus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 30-year-old man with glomerulonephritis has developed nephrotic syndrome. What symptom invariably accompanies nephrotic syndrome?
Low urine specific gravity
Glucosuria
Azotemia
Anemia
Proteinuria
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Ulcer disease of the duodenum has been detected in a 38-year-old man. A treatment was prescribed after which the patient considered himself to be healthy. However, half a year later the patient developed pain in the epigastri¬um, heartburn, and insomnia. The pati¬ent’s condition can be estimated as a:
Relapse
Remission
Pathological state
Latent period
Development of chronic disease
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Autosomal nondisjunction had occurred in a woman during meiosis. An ovum with the third copy of the 18th chromosome was formed. The ovum was impregnated by normal spermatozoon. The resulting child will suffer from:
Turner’s syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Down’s syndrome
Patau’s syndrome
Edwards’ syndrome
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Amino acids join to each other in ribosomes of granular endoplasmic reti¬culum. Knowing the sequence of ami¬no acids and applying genetic code, it is possible to determine the sequence of nucleoids in:
mRNA
rRNA
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Introns
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A patient suffers from an inflammatory process in the area of the lower wall of orbital cavity. What anatomical structure makes it possible for the inflammatory process to spread to the pterygopalatine fossa?
Supraorbital incisure
Inferior orbital fissure
Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure
Posterior ethmoidal foramen
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Далі ›
In 8 days after a surgery the patient developed tetanus. The surgeon suspects this condition to be caused by suture material contaminated by tetanus agent. The material is delivered to a bacteri¬ological laboratory. What nutrient medi¬um is required for primary inoculation of the suture material?
Egg-yolk salt agar
Kitt-Tarozzi medium
Sabouraud agar
Endo agar
Hiss medium
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Далі ›
A patient is diagnosed with deformed posterior portion of the nasal septum. What bone is deformed?
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Medial pterygoid plate
Lateral pterygoid plate
Vomer
Vertical plate of palatine bone
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A patient suffers from disturbed blood supply of superior lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres. What blood vessel is damaged?
Posterior cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Medial cerebral artery
Anterior communicating artery
Posterior communicating artery
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Далі ›
A victim of an accident has hemorrhage in the area of lateral surface of the mastoid process. What branch of the external carotid artery supplies this area with blood?
A. auricularis posterior
A. facialis
A. maxillaris
A. pharyngea ascendens
А. temporalis superficialis
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Далі ›
A 33-year-old man presents with disturbed pain and thermal sensitivity after a spinal cord trauma. The following ascending tract is injured:
Spinothalamic
Lateral corticospinal
Anterior corticospinal
Dorsal spinocerebellar
Ventral spinocerebellar
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Далі ›
A patient is diagnosed with pancreatitis. Starch decomposition di¬sturbance occurs in the patient’s intesti¬ne due to deficiency of the following pancreatic enzyme:
Amylase
Tripsin
Carboxypeptidase
Chymotrypsin
Lipase
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Далі ›
Histologic specimen of a tooth slice shows a tissue consisting of intercellular substance permeated with tubules, in which cellular processes of odontoblasts are situated. What tissue is presented in this histologic specimen?
Pulp
Cement
Periodontium
Dentin
Enamel
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To test teeth sensitivity they are sprayed with cold or hot water. What structure of cerebral cortex provides subjective estimation of this thermal test?
First temporal convolution
Precentral gyrus
Posterior central gyrus
Central fissure
Middle frontal gyrus
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During oral cavity examinati¬on a dentist noticed eruption of the permanent canines in a child. The child grows and develops normally. Determi¬ne the child’s age:
8-9 years
13-16 years
6-7 years
9-10 years
11-13 years
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Autopsy of a 58-year-old man, who had been suffering from rheumatic heart disease and died of cardiopulmonary decompensation, revealed gray diffuse film- and fiber-shaped coating in his peri¬cardium. What type of inflammation is characteristic of this pericarditis?
Diphtheritic fibrinous
Serous
Suppurative
Hemorrhagic
Croupous fibrinous
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During examination of the patient’s oral cavity a dentist noticed deformation of the teeth and a crescent indentation on the upper right inscisor. The teeth are undersized, barrel-shaped tooth cervix is wider than its edge. The patient uses a hearing aid, suffers from visual impai¬rment. What type of syphilis affects teeth in such a way?
Late congenital
Secondary
Primary
Neurosyphilis
Early congenital
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Autopsy of a 45-year-old man revealed the following: wrinkled shagreen-resembling intima in the ascending aorta; elastic staining is negative. Wall of the left ventricle is up to 1,5 cm in width; no myocardial alterations. Specify the most probable disease of the aorta:
Aortic failure
Atherosclerosis of the aorta
Syphilitic mesaortitis
Rheumatic vasculitis
-
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Далі ›
A patient has developed a pai¬nful sore with soft ragged edges in the oral cavity. Microscopically there is lymphocytic infiltration with epithelioid and giant multinucleate Langhans cells in the sore floor. What diagnosis is the most likely?
Gangrenous stomatitis
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
Ulcer-cancer
Ulcerative stomatitis (Vincent’s stomatitis)
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Далі ›
Lateral X-ray of the occipital bone area demonstrates fracture of the occi¬pital condyle. Integrity of the following anatomical structure is disturbed:
Foramen ovale
Canalis nervi hypoglossi
Canalis caroticus
Foramen mastoideum
Foramen stylomastoideum
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Далі ›
In the process of embryogenesis of dentomaxillary system there was an enamel disturbance detected. What source of tooth development is damaged in this case?
Mesenchyme
Dental saccule
Oral cavity epithelium
Mesoderm
Dental bulb
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Далі ›
The autopsy of the body of a man, who suffered from toxic diphtheria and died on the 9th day from the onset of disease with signs of cardi¬ac decompensation, has revealed the following: dilated cardiac cavities, dull flaccid myocardium, myocardial secti¬on is variegated. Microscopy revealed fatty degeneration of cardiac hystiocytes, large foci of myocytolysis, stromal edema with scant lymphocytic and macrophageal infiltration. Specify the type of myocarditis in this case:
Alterative
Focal intermediate exudative
Septic
Granulomatous
Interstitial
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Далі ›
A doctor has made a diagnosis of gi¬ngivitis and recommended the patient to rinse the oral cavity with an oxidizing agent. Specify this agent:
Phenol
Hydrogen peroxide
Salicylic acid
Brilliant green
Boric acid
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Далі ›
In dental practice atropine sulfate is used to decrease salivation. This drug belongs to the following group:
в-adrenoceptor antagonists
Ganglionic blockers
о-adrenergic agonists
Muscarinic antagonists
Muscle relaxants
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Далі ›
A patient has developed a grayish-white dense protruding focus on the oral mucosa. Histologycally there are hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, and acanthosis of epithelium with lymphocytic and plasmocytic infiltration of underlaying connective tissue in this area. What pathology has developed in the oral mucosa?
Leukoderma
Local tumor-like amyloidosis
Hyalinosis
Leukoplakia
-
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