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Heterozygous parents with А (II) and В (III) blood groups according to AB0 system gave birth to a child. What is the probability of the child having 0 (I) blood group?
25%
100%
0%
50%
75%
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During dehelmintization a patient expelled long fragments of a segmented helminth. In some segments their width exceeds their length; there is a rosette¬like uterus in the segment center. Name the helminth:
Taenia solium
Hymenolepis nana
Echinococcus
Taeniarhynchus saginatus
Diphylobotrium latum
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Carious cavities of a 29-year-old patient contain parasitic protozoa. It is established that they belong to the Sarcodina class. Specify these protozoa:
Entamoeba coli
Entamoeba histolutica
Entamoeba gingivalis
Amoeba proteus
Lamblia intestinalis
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According to the law of constancy of chromosome numbers, most ani¬mal species have definite and constant chromosome number. The mechani¬sm that maintains this constancy duri¬ng sexual reproduction of organisms is called:
Regeneration
Meiosis
Amitosis
-
Schizogony
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At a certain stage of human ontogenesis, physiological bond occurs between circulatory systems of the mother and the fetus. This function is being carried out by the following provi¬sory organ:
Serous tunic
Allantois
Yolk sac
Placenta
Amnion
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It is necessary to perform urinary bladder catheterization of an adult man. Resistance to the catheter can occur in the following structure or part of the urethra:
Membranous part
Spongiose part
Prostatic part
External urethral orifice
Internal urethral orifice
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A woman has come to a dentist wi¬th complaints of bruising and swelling around her eye. Anamnesis is as follows: several days prior her 1st premolar tooth had been extracted, with infraorbital anaesthesia administered; several days later hematoma appeared in the area of foramen intraorbitale. The branch of the following artery was damaged:
Masseteric artery
Superficial temporal artery
Maxillary artery
Superior labial artery
Facial artery
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A patient consulted a doctor about an increased pain sensitivity of the ear skin and ear canal. Palpation behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle was painful. Such clinical presentations are typical of the irritation of the following nerve:
Nn. supraclaviculares
N. vagus
N. occipitalis minor
N. transversus colli
N. auricularis magnus
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In a 12-year-old patient an inflammatory process in the internal ear spread to the meninges, diffusely affecti¬ng them. A doctor suspects the process to have spread through the connection between the subarachnoid space of the brain and perilymphatic space of the internal ear. What anatomic structure became the pathway for the spreading inflammation?
Hiatus canalis n. petrosi minoris
Aqueductus vestibuli
Fossa subarcuata
Hiatus canalis n. petrosi majoris
Fissura petrosquamosa
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A woman with essential hypertensi¬on has been hospitalized. The patient presents with aneurysm of a. communi- cans posterior of the cerebrum arterial circle. What vessels of arterial circle are normally joined with this artery?
A. carotis externa et a. cerebri anterior
A. carotis interna et a. cerebri posterior
A. carotis interna et a. cerebri media
A. cerebri media et a. cerebri posterior
A. cerebri anterior et a. cerebri media
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In the skin biopsy material in the epidermis there are cells with processes and cytoplasm that contains dark brown granules. Name these cells:
Intraepidermal macrophages
Merkel’s cells
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Lymphocytes
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Gastroscopy of a patient revealed the lack of mucus in the coating of the mucous membrane. This can be caused by the dysfunction of the following cells of gastric wall:
Parietal cells of gastric glands
Main exocrinocytes
Cervical cells
Endocrinocytes
Cells of prismatic glandular epitheli¬um
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Alcoholic intoxication is accompani¬ed by disturbed motor coordination and equilibrium due to the damage caused to structural elements of the cerebellum. Functional disturbance of the following cells occurs in the first place:
Fusiform cells
Stellate cells
Pyriform cells
Basket cells
Granule cells
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Histologic specimen demonstrates an oral cavity organ with mucosa covered with keratinized stratified squamous epi-thelium. Specify this organ or its part:
Uvula
Soft palate
Labial mucosa
Inferior surface of tongue
Gum
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During gastrulation an embryo proceeds from histiotrophic to hematotrophic nutrition. What provi¬sory organ makes it possible at first?
Chorion
Trophoblast
Amnion
Yolk sac
Allantois
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One of the coats of a hollow organ has anastomotic fibers with nuclei. The fibers consist of cells that form intercalated disks at the places of contact. What tissue forms this coat?
Cross-striated cardiac muscle
Loose fibrous connective tissue
Cross-striated skeletal muscle
Dense irregular connective tissue
Unstriped muscle
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A 30-year-old woman has decreased enzyme content in the pancreatic juice. This condition can be caused by insuffici-ent secretion of the following hormone:
Secretin
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
Cholecystokinin-pancreozymin
Somatostatin
Vasoactive intestinal peptide
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Electric current has affected skeletal muscle fiber resulting in depolarisati¬on of the membrane. Depolarisation develops due to the following ions penetrating the membrane:
HCO3C. Ca2+
Cl¬E. K+
Na+
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Psychological evaluation determined that a person is able to quickly adapt to changing situation, has good memory, is emotionally stable, possesses of high working ability. This person is the most likely to be:
Sanguine
Melancholic
Choleric
Phlegmatic
Phlegmatic with melancholic traits
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An oculist has detected increased ti¬me of darkness adaptation of a patient’s eye. What vitamin deficiency can cause such symptom?
С
Е
К
А
D
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A patient suffers from diabetes melli- tus with fasting hyperglycemia over 7,2 mmol/l. What blood plasma protein would allow to assess the patient’s glycemia level retrospectively (4-8 weeks prior to examination)?
Albumin
Glycated hemoglobin
C -reactive protein
Fibrinogen
Ceruloplasmin
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A patient is in the state of hypoglycemic coma. What hormone can cause this condition if overdosed?
Insulin
Cortisol
Somatotropin
Corticotropin
Progesterone
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A 24-year-old patient has been admi¬nistered glutamic acid to treat epilepsy. Medicinal effect in this case occurs not due to glutamate itself, but due to the product of its decarboxylation:
Y-aminobutyric acid
Histamine 4-monooxygenase
Serotonin
Taurine
Dopamine
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Mucin aggregates retain water, whi¬ch results in their viscosity and protecti¬ve action. It is possible because mucin structure contains:
Glycosaminoglycans
Oligosaccharides
Disaccharides
Homopolysaccharides
Glucose
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Along with normal hemoglobin types there can be pathological ones in the body of an adult. Specify one of them:
HbS
HbA1
HbA2
HbO2
HbF
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Chronic overdosage of glucocorti¬coids leads to the development of hyperglycemia. What process of carbohydrate metabolism is responsible for this effect?
Gluconeogenesis
Aerobic glycolisis
Glycogenolysis
Glycogenesis
Pentose-phosphate cycle
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After anaesthetic application during tooth extraction the patient developed marked soft tissue edema of the upper and lower jaw, skin rash on the face, reddening, and itching. What pathologi¬cal process results in such reaction to the anaesthetic?
Inflammation
Toxic action of a drug
Circulatory deficiency
Allergy
Disturbed lymph drainage
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Due to morbid affection of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus a 40year-old pati¬ent has developed polyuria (10-12 liters per day) and polydipsia. The following hormone is deficient, thus leading to this disturbance:
Oxytocin
Somatotropin
Vasopressin
Thyrotropin
Corticotropin
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A patient with glossitis presents with disappearance of lingual papi¬llae, reddening and burning pain in the tongue. Blood test: erythrocytes - 2,2 • 1012/l, hemoglobin - і0з g/l, color index -1,4. What type of anemia is it?
Iron refractory
B12 folate-deficient
в-thalassemia
«-thalassemia
Iron deficiency
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A patient with chronic renal failure presents with reduced inulin clearance of 60 ml/min. The following renal function is disturbed:
Reabsorption in the tubules of collecti¬ng duct
Tubular secretion
Reabsorption in the distal tubular segment of the nephron
Glomerular filtration
Reabsorption in the proximal tubular segment of the nephron
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Histological investigation of an extracted tooth revealed presence of necrotic detritus with fatty acid crystals and numerous microbe colonies in the pulp chamber. What diagnosis is the most likely?
Pulp gangrene
Complicated chronic pulpitis
Serous pulpitis
Chronic pulpitis
Purulent pulpitis
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Autopsy of a man with tuberculosis has revealed a 3x2 cm large cavity in the superior lobe of the right lung. The cavity was interconnected with a bronchus, its wall was dense and consi¬sted of three layers: the internal layer was pyogenic, the middle layer was made of tuberculous granulation tissue and the external one was made of connective ti¬ssue. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Acute cavernous tuberculosis
Fibrous focal tuberculosis
Acute focal tuberculosis
Tuberculoma
Fibrous cavernous tuberculosis
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Histological investigation of renal bi¬opsy material taken from a patient wi¬th tuberculosis has revealed chaotically located chromatin granules in the focus of caseous necrosis. These changes are the result of:
Karyolysis
Karyorrhexis
Karyopyknosis
Apoptosis
Mitotic activity of nuclei
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During inspection of dental tools for sterility in one case gram-positive cocci were detected. They were situated in clusters and yielded positive plasma coagulation reaction; the cocci were fermenting mannitol in anaerobic condi¬tions and exhibiting lecithinase activity. What microorganism was detected?
Staph. aureus
St. epidermidis
Str. pyogenes
St. saprophiticus
Corinebacterium xerosis
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Analysis of sputum taken from a pati¬ent with suspected pneumonia revealed slightly elongated gram-positive di- plococci with tapered opposite ends. What microorganisms were revealed in the sputum?
Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Staphylococcus aureus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Microscopic examination of pus sample taken from mandibular fistula canal and stained by Gram’s method has revealed druses with gram-positive coloring in the center and cone-shaped structures with gram-negative coloring. Such morphology is characteristic of the agent of:
Fusobacteriosis
Staphylococcal osteomyelitis
Candidiasis
Anaerobic infection
Actinomycosis
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A puncture sample has been taken from the inguinal lymph nodes of a pati¬ent provisionally diagnosed with plague. The sample was inoculated into hard nutrient medium. What shape will the colonies have, if the diagnosis is confi¬rmed?
”Shagreen leather”
’’Mercury drops”
”Lace handkerchief”
”Dewdrops”
”Lion’s mane”
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To perform conduction anesthesia a patient had been administered a drug used in dental surgery. The patient developed the symptoms of poisoni¬ng: central nervous system excitation followed by paralysis and acute cardi¬ovascular insufficiency (collapse). Addi¬tionally there were allergic reactions (itching, swelling, erythema). Name this drug:
Lidocaine
Suxamethonium chloride
Tubocurarin chloride
Thiopental sodium
Pipecuronium bromide
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Enzymes and other active substances regulating connective tissue density and permeability are being produced in connective tissue cells. What enzyme drug is used to make the connecti¬ve tissue growths looser and more permeable?
Cocarboxylase
Cholinesterase
Lydase
Amylase
Lipase
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A schizophrenic patient has been prescribed aminazine. What pharmacodynamic action of this drug justifies its prescription in this case?
Antipsychotic
Muscle relaxant
Hypotensive
Antiemetic
Hypothermic
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A patient with maxillofacial joint arthritis has come to a dentist. The denti¬st prescribed an ointment with an anti-inflammatory agent that is a pyrazolone derivative. Name this agent:
Butadion (Phenylbutazone)
Ibuprofen
Mefenamic acid
Indometacin
Diclofenac sodium
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A 55-year-old man with acute heart failure has been administered a quick- relief cardiac glycoside. Which of the following drugs has been given to the patient?
Adonisidum
Strophanthin
Digitoxin
Celanid
Milrinone
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A patient suffering from ciliary arrhythmia with anamnesis of bronchi¬al asthma should be prescribed an anti¬arrhythmic drug. What antiarrhythmic drug is CONTRAINDICATED in this case?
Verapamil
Novocainamide (Procainamide)
Ajmaline
Anaprilin (Propranolol)
Nifedipine
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A 35-year-old woman is diagnosed with faucial diphtheria. The patient di¬ed with signs of acute heart failure. On autopsy: heart cavities are enlarged in the diameter, heart muscle is dull, flaccid, striped on section, with yellowish areas under the endocardium. What type of degeneration was detected in cardiac hystiocytes?
Carbohydrate
Hydropic
Fatty
Ballooning
Hyaline droplet
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A 67-year-old patient has ordered a full functional denture. It was necessary to extract his left upper canine. After infraorbital anaesthesia the patient presented with progressing hematoma in the frontal part of his face. The patient was found to have an injury of the artery that is the branch of: A.
A. ophthalmica
A. temporalis superficialis
A. facialis
A. labialis superior
maxillaris
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A woman, who had undergone mastectomy due to breast cancer, was prescribed a course of radiation therapy. What vitamin preparation has marked antiradiation effect due to its antioxidant activity?
Cyanocobalamin
Riboflavin
Tocopherol acetate
Folic acid
Ergocalciferol
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Often the cause of secondary immunodeficiency is an infectious affection of an organism, when agents reproduce directly in the cells of immune system and destroy them. Specify the di¬seases, during which the described above occurs:
Q fever, typhus
Infectious mononucleosis, AIDS
Dysentery, cholera
Poliomyelitis, viral hepatitis type A
Tuberculosis, mycobacteriosis
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Premature babies often develop respiratory distress syndrome. This pathology is caused by the deficiency of a certain component of the blood-air barrier. Name this component:
Endothelial basement membrane
Capillary endothelium
Alveolar basement membrane
Alveolocytes
Surfactant
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A forensic laboratory received clothes of a citizen, who a day before was reported missing. The clothes were found in a shed, there are red stai¬ns identified as blood by an expert. What reaction should be performed to determine whether these red stains are dried human blood?
Enzyme immunoassay
Flocculation
Complement binding
Agglutination
Circular precipitation
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A patient has a history of chronic heart failure. Which of the following hemodynamic parameters is a major symptom of cardiac decompensation development?
Increased central venous pressure
Increased peripheral vascular resi¬stance
Tachycardia development
Decreased stroke volume
Tonogenic dilatation
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A 45-year-old patient with essential hypertension, who has been taking an antihypertensive drug for 4 days, notes that his blood pressure is normalized; however the patient complains of sleepi¬ness and sluggishness. What drug is the patient taking?
Apressin (Hydralazine)
Captopril
Clophelin (Clonidine)
Prazosin
Enalapril
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Due to trauma the patient’s parathyroid glands have been removed, which resulted in inertness, thirst, sharp increase of neuromuscular excitability. Metabolism of the following substance is disturbed:
Calcium
Chlorine
Zinc
Molybdenum
Manganese
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A doctor has established signifi¬cant growth retardation, disproportional body build, and mental deficiency of a child. What is the most likely cause of this pathology?
Hypopituitarism
Hypothyroidism
Insufficient nutrition
Genetic defects
Hyperthyroidism
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To terminate hypertensive crisis the patient was administered solution of magnesium sulfate. What route of drug administration should be chosen?
Oral
Duodenal
Intra-arterial
Rectal
Intravenous
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A specimen presents an endocri¬ne system organ covered with capsule made of connective tissue. Septa branch off from the capsule inwards and divi¬de the organ into lobules. Each lobule consists of two cell types: neurosecretory pinealocytes (polygonal cells with processes) located in the center and gli¬acytes (astrocytes) located at the peri¬phery. What organ is represented in this specimen?
Hypothalamus
Adrenal medulla
Epiphysis
Thyroid gland
Pituitary gland
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After introdiction of adrenaline the patient’s blood glucose level increased. It is caused by intensified:
Glycogenolysis in the liver
Glycogen synthesis
Glycogenolysis in the muscles
Glycolysis in the liver
Glycolysis in the skeletal muscles
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A 20-year-old young man, who started to train systematically in athleti¬cs, has the following resting-state blood values: erythrocytes - 5,5 • 1012/l, reti¬culocytes - 12%, hemoglobin - 160 g/l, color index - 1,03. Such blood values indicate erythropoiesis stimulation due to the following occurring in the process of his training:
Hyperglycemia
Hypoxemia
Hyperventilation
Hypercapnia
Physical activity
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In the armpits of a patient there are small (1-1,5 mm), dorsoventrally flattened, wingless, blood-sucking insects. Their larvae have been developi¬ng in the armpits as well. What disease is caused by these insects?
Plague
Sleeping sickness
Chagas’ disease
Phthiriasis
Relapsing fever
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To treat peptic ulcer disease of the stomach a patient has been prescribed famotidine. Specify the mechanism of action of this drug:
Effect on cell membrane transport system
Effect on ion channels of cell membranes
Antienzyme action
H2 histamine receptors block
Physicochemical interaction
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A student, who unexpectedly met his girlfriend, developed an increase in systemic arterial pressure. This pressure change was caused by the intensified realization of the following reflexes:
Conditioned sympathetic and parasympathetic
Conditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned parasympathetic
Unconditioned sympathetic
Conditioned parasympathetic
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A connective tissue specimen stained with hematoxylin-eosin shows isogenous cell groups surrounded with basophi¬lic intercellular substance. No fibrous structures are detected. What type of connective tissue is it?
Splenial bone tissue
Hyaline cartilage tissue
Dense fibrous tissue
Elastic cartilage tissue
Loose fibrous tissue
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A 46-year-old patient consulted an oculist about drooping of the upper eyelid. On examination he was di¬agnosed with a brain tumor. The pathological process must have affected the nuclei of the following pair of cranial nerves:
VII
II
IV
VI
III
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A 36-year-old patient consulted an ophthalmologist about eye ache. The examination revealed erosion of the cornea, that is the lack of superficial and spinous layers of the epithelium. What cells will provide regeneration of the damaged epithelium?
Cells of stratum lucidum
Cells of stratum corneum
Cells of stratum granulosum
Cells of stratum basale
Cells of stratum superficiale
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A patient undergoing treatment with nitrofurans has imbibed a small amount of alcohol, which resulted in severe poi-soning. The poisoning developed due to:
Allergic reaction
Neural disorder
Cardiovascular collapse
Disturbed renal function
Accumulation of acetic aldehyde
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During development of a frostbite the exposed skin becomes pale and its temperature drops. What mechanism is the basis of these developments?
Reflex vasoconstriction
Decreased heart rate
Dermal and subcutaneous vasodi¬latation
Closure of arteriovenous anastomoses
Visceral vasoconstriction
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A patient during fasting developed ketoacidosis as a result of increased fatty acids decomposition. This decompositi¬on can be inhibited with:
Adrenaline
Insulin
Glucagon
Thyroxin
Cortisol
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Examination of a patient revealed glycosuria and hyperglycemia. He complains of dry mouth, itchy skin, frequent urination, thirst. He has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. What is the cause of polyuria in this patient?
Increased urine osmotic pressure
Increased plasma oncotic pressure
Decreased cardiac output
Increased filtration pressure
Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
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Due to overdosage of a vasodilator a 58-year-old patient has developed acute vascular insufficiency. What drug would be advisable for termination of this pathological condition?
Mesaton (Phenylephrine)
Dopamine
Euphyllin (Aminophylline)
Cordiamin
Aethimizolum (Methylamide)
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To treat chronic heart failure a patient takes digoxin. What diuretic can increase digoxin toxicity due to increased excretion of K + ions?
Silibor
Panangin
Hydrochlorothiazide
Spironolactone
Lisinopril
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A patient, who had been eating only polished rice, developed polyneuri¬tis caused by thiamine deficiency. What compound can be indicative of this kind of avitaminosis when excreted with uri¬ne?
Methylmalonic acid
Uric acid
Phenylpyruvate
Malate
Pyruvic acid
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A doctor examined a patient, studi¬ed the patient’s blood analyses and concluded that the peripheral organs of immunogenesis are damaged. What organs are the most likely to be affected?
Tonsils
Red bone marrow
Thymus
Yellow bone marrow
Kidneys
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In what organ biotransformation (metabolic transformation) of most medicinal agents occurs upon their introduction into an organism?
Kidneys
Liver
Intestine
Skin
Lungs
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Далі ›
A patient with diabetes mellitus has been delivered to a hospital unconsci¬ous. BP is low, Kussmaul’s respiration is observed, the smell of acetone can be detected from the patient’s mouth. What mechanism is leading in the coma development in this case?
Accumulation of sodium ions
Accumulation of urea
Accumulation of potassium ions
Accumulation of ketone bodies in blood
Accumulation of chlorine ions
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Далі ›
A patient has been diagnosed with bi¬cuspid valve insufficiency. Where is this valve located?
Between the right atrium and right ventricle
Between the left atrium and left ventricle
At the aortic orifice
Between the left and right atria
Between the left and right ventricles
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In the epicenter of the registered rabies cases among wild animals a 43- year-old man came to a clinic and clai¬med to have been bitten by a stray dog. He was given a course of anti-rabies vaccine. This preparation belongs to the following type of vaccines:
Inactivated
Toxoids
Attenuated
Synthetic
Molecular
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Далі ›
In Western Europe nearly half of all congenital malformations occur in the children conceived in the period when pesticides were used extensively in the region. These congenital conditions are the result of the following factor:
Mutagenic
Teratogenic
Carcinogenic
Malignization
Mechanical
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Gastrulation is the period of embryogenesis, when germinal layers are formed, resulting in three-layered structure of an embryo. What gastrulati- on mechanism is characteristic of a human embryo?
Epiboly
Delamination and immigration
Delamination and epiboly
Invagination
Immigration and invagination
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Далі ›
A 19-year-old young man has been examined in a nephrological hospi¬tal. Increased potassium content was detected in secondary urine of the pati¬ent. Such alterations are the most likely to be caused by the increased secretion of the following hormone:
Aldosterone
Adrenaline
Glucagon
Oxytocin
Testosterone
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Далі ›
A 12-year-old boy has tetanic convulsions. What gland can be functi¬onally impaired in this case?
Glandula pinealis
Hypophisis
Thymus
Glandulae parathyroidae
Glandula thyroidea
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Далі ›
A man came to a surgeon with complains of pain in his lower right abdomen. On deep palpation the doctor detected a painful area in the right ingui¬nal region. What part of the intestine is the most likely to be affected with pathological process?
Transverse colon
Sigmoid colon
Descending colon
Rectum
Cecum
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Далі ›
During investigation of skin epitheli¬um it was determed, that it consists of several cellular layers. Epithelial cells of the external layer have no nuclei. What type of epithelium is it?
Keratinized stratified squamous epi¬thelium
Transitional epithelium
Multirow ciliary epithelium
Multirow columnar epithelium
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
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Далі ›
A histological specimen shows termi¬nal secretory parts of glands made of conic cells with basophilic cytoplasm and a roundish nucleus in the centre. Specify the type of terminal secretory parts by the type of secretion:
Mucous
Sebaceous
Serous
Combined
Seromucous
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Далі ›
Electron diffraction pattern of a spermatozoon clearly presents a sheath¬like structure localized in the spermi- ocalyptrotheca and participating in di¬ssolution of ovular membranes. Name this structure:
Axoneme
Acrosome
Microtubules
Segmented columns
Centriole
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Далі ›
A patient complains of toothache. On examination he has been di¬agnosed with pulpitis. Which factor played the main pathogenic role in the development of pain syndrome in this case?
Increased intratissular pressure in the dental pulp
Interleukin action
Vasospasm
Activation of one of the complement system components
Inadequate stimulation of the mandi¬bular nerve branch
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Далі ›
The patient’s saliva has been tested for antibacterial activity. What saliva component has antibacterial properties?
Ceruloplasmin
Cholesterol
Amylase
Lysozyme
Parotin
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Далі ›
A patient with a bleeding knife wound in the area of carotid triangle has been delivered to a hospital. Blood flowi¬ng from the wound is dark. What vessel is injured?
External jugular vein
Internal carotid artery
Facial vein
Internal jugular vein
Facial artery
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Далі ›
A patient with symptoms of acute heart failure, namely pallor, acrocyanosis, and rapid shallow breathi¬ng, has been delivered to an emergency department. Which of these drugs is indi¬cated in this case?
Adrenalin hydrochloride
Digitoxin
Corglycon
Cordiamine
Nitroglycerine
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Далі ›
A victim of an earthquake has been remaining under debris for 7 days wi¬thout food or water. What type of starvation is it?
Qualitative
Complete
Complete with continued hydration
Quantitative
Incomplete
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Далі ›
Micromanipulator was used to extract one of the two centrioles of centrosome (cell center) from hepatocyte (liver cell). What process will STOP OCCURRING in this cell?
Division
Glycogen synthesis
Protein biosynthesis
Energy exchange
Lipid synthesis
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Далі ›
During an experiment aimed as study of respiration regulation processes the peripheral chemoreceptors of test ani¬mals were stimulated, which resulted in changed respiratory rate and depth. Where are these receptors localized?
Capillary bed, aortic arch, carotid sinus
Capillary bed, carotid sinus
Atria, carotid sinus
Capillary bed, aortic arch
Aortic arch, carotid sinus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After an abortion a 25-year-old woman developed oliguria, anuria, and increasing azotemia. The patient di¬ed of acute renal failure. Autopsy revealed degeneration and necrosis of the convoluted renal tubules epithelium. What disease was the cause of death in this case?
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Acute pyelonephritis
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephri¬tis
Acute necrotizing nephrosis
Renal amyloidosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A child with a foreign body in the lungs has been hospitalized. What bronchus is the most likely to contain this foreign body, if its diameter approxi¬mates to 1,5 cm?
Right primary bronchus
Lobar bronchus
Left primary bronchus
Left segmental bronchus
Right segmental bronchus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During examination of the oral cavity at the vestibular surface of the lower right incisor there was detected a rounded growth on the thin pedicle. Histologically: in the connective tissue there are numerous thin-walled sinusoi¬ds, hemorrhage areas, hemosiderin foci, and giant cells resembling osteoclasts. Make the diagnosis:
Gingival fibromatosis
Angiomatous epulis
Cavernous hemangioma
Granular cell ameloblastoma
Giant cell epulis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 35-year-old man has come to a dentist with complaints of decreased density of the dental tissue and increased brittleness of his teeth during consumpti¬on of hard food. Laboratory analysis measured Ca/P correlation in the enamel sample. What value of Ca/P indicates increased demineralization?
1, 85
1, 67
1, 5
0,9
2, 5
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During examination a dentist noti¬ced bowl-shaped defects on the frontal surface of the patient’s canines in the cervical area. Microscopically the pulp is covered with compacted dentin, sli¬ghtly atrophied and sclerosed. What pathological process occurs in the pati¬ent?
Stage of chalky white spots
Cuneiform defects
Median caries
Superficial caries
Deep caries
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient complains of frequent bowel movements and stool with blood admixtures (’’raspberry jelly” stool). Mi-croscopic examination revealed large mononuclear cells with absorbed red blood cells. What protozoon is this morphological structure typical of?
Giardia lamblia
Entamoeba histolytica
Balantidium coli
Toxoplasma gondii
Campylobacter jejuni
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During teeth examination on the lateral surface of the first upper molar there was detected a cone-shaped cari¬ous cavity with base oriented towards the tooth surface and apex - towards the tooth center. Softened dentin is visible at the floor of the carious cavity. Make the diagnosis:
Enamel caries
Cement caries
Tooth erosion
Dentin caries
-
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After restoration of maxllary inci¬sors with artificial crowns a 44-year-old woman was found to have a brownish growth in the form of a node 15 mm in di¬ameter. Histological study revealed that under the stratified squamous epitheli¬um of the gingiva there was a connecti¬ve tissue mass with numerous sinusoi¬dal vessels, oval-shaped mononuclear cells forming osteoid substance, and polynuclear giant cells that destroyed the alveolar ridge of the upper jaw. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Angiomatous epulis
Gingival fibromatosis
Giant cell epulis
Eosinophilic granuloma
Fibromatous epulis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman is diagnosed with fatty ti¬ssue inflammation located between the leaves of broad ligament of the uterus. Name this anatomical structure:
Myometrium
Parametrium
Mesometrium
Perimetrium
Endometrium
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Normal metabolic rate and energy expenditure should be taken into account when actual basal metabolic rate of a patient is being determied by means of indirect calorimetry. Normal metabolic rate can be determined most accurately based on the patient’s:
Body surface area and weight
Respiratory coefficient and body surface area
Sex, age, height and weight
Height and respiratory coefficient
Respiratory coefficient and caloric coefficient of oxygen
‹ Назад
Далі ›
On microscopic examination of leftovers of the canned meat eaten by a patient with severe food toxicoinfecti- on the following was detected: gram¬positive bacilli with subterminal staini¬ng defect and configuration alteration of bacilli generally resembling a tennis racket. What agent was detected?
P. vulgaris
S. aureus
S. enteritidis
B. botulinum
E. coli
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The patient’s examination in a hospital specialised in diseases of nervous system has revealed absence of light-induced miosis. It is caused by the damage of the following brain structures:
Reticular nuclei of medulla oblongata
Reticular nuclei of mesencephalon
Hypothalamus nuclei
Vegetative nuclei of the 3rd pair of cranial nerves
Red nuclei of mesencephalon
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A newborn boy has been diagnosed with hydrocephalus. Doctors consider it to be caused by teratogenic factors. What germ layers are affected by the teratogen?
Endoderm
All embryo germ layers
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm and mesoderm
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient on the 2nd day after cardiac infarction presents with acute decrease of systolic blood pressure down to 60 mm Hg with tachycardia 140/min., dyspnea, loss of consciousness. What mechanism is essential in the pathogenesis of shock developed in this case?
Increased myocardial excitability caused by products of necrotic disi¬ntegration
Decreased cardiac output
Development of anaphylactic reaction to myocardial proteins
Decreased circulating blood volume
Development of paroxysmal tachycardia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
For biochemical diagnostics of cardiac infarction it is necessary to determine activity of a number of enzymes and their izoenzymes in the blood. What enzyme assay is considered to be optimal for confirming or ruling out cardiac infarction at the early stage, after the patient develops thoracic pain?
Cytoplasmic isoenzyme of aspartate aminotransferase
Creatine kinase MB isoenzyme
LDH5 isoenzyme
Creatine kinase MM isoenzyme
LDHi isoenzyme
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 56-year-old man presents wi¬ th parathyroid tumor. The followi¬ng is observed: muscle weakness, osteoporosis, bone deformation, nephroliths consisting of oxalates and phosphates. The patient’s condition is caused by:
Increased secretion of thyroxin
Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone
Decreased secretion of calcitriol
Increased secretion of calcitonin
Decreased secretion of parathyroid hormone
‹ Назад
Далі ›
There is increased activity of AST, LDH1, LDH2, and CPK in the patient’s blood. Pathological process most likely occurs in the:
Kidneys
Adrenal glands
Skeletal muscles
Heart
Liver
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffering from acute vascular purpura is prescribed a first- generation antihistamine with local anaesthetic, antispasmodic, and sedati¬ve action. Specify this drug:
Dibazol (Bendazol)
Dimedrol (Diphenhydramine)
Diazolin (Mebhydrolin)
Droperidol
Dithylin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with autoimmune thyroi¬ditis has been prescribed a peptide hormonal agent. Specify this agent:
Tamoxifen
Trimethoprim
L-thyroxin
Triamcinolone
Triquilar
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 42-year-old woman, who has been keeping to a vegetarian diet for a long period of time, consulted a doctor. Examination revealed negative nitrogen balance in the patient. What factor is the most likely cause of such a condition?
Decreased rate of metabolic processses
Excessive amount of fats in the diet
Insufficient amount of dietary fiber
Insufficient amount of proteins in the diet
Insufficient amount of fats in the diet
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cytogenetic analysis allowed to determine the patient’s karyotype - 47, XY, +21/46, XY. Name this condition:
Genocopy
Phenocopy
Translocation
Deletion
Mosaicism
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient, who after a trauma suffers from impeded active flexion of elbow, consulted a traumatologist. What muscle is the most likely to be damaged?
M. pectoralis major
M. biceps brachii
M. latissimus dorsi
M. deltoideus
M. coracobrachialis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In the patient’s feces there were eggs of Fasciola hepatica. The doctor, however, refrained from making di¬agnosis and insisted on a repeat of analysis, with beef liver excluded from the patient’s diet. What led the doctor to make such decision?
Possible phenomenon of transient eggs
Lack of trust towards the investigation method
Absent symptoms of invasion
Uncertainty regarding the analysis precision
Insufficient qualification of a laboratory assistant
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient presents with dysfunction of the cerebral cortex accompanied by epileptic seizures. He has been admini¬stered a biogenic amine synthetized from glutamate and responsible for central inhibition. What substance is it?
у-aminobutyric acid
Serotonin
Dopamine
Histamine
Acetylcholine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Red bone marrow has been damaged under radioactive emission of 5 Gy. What determines the red bone marrow sensitivity towards ionizing radi¬ation?
High content of peroxides in the cells
High content of free radicals in the cells
Intensive cell division
Radiosensitizers in the cells
Destructive effect of radiotoxins on DNA synthesis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 40-year-old patient suffers from intolerance of dairy products. This condition has likely developed due to insufficiency of the following digestive enzyme:
Lactase
Invertase
Amylase
Lipase
Maltase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has been diagnosed wi¬th severe Si2-deficient anemia with hemopoiesis disturbance. Anamnesis states total gastrectomy. What cells allow to confirm this diagnosis, if they are absent in the peripheral blood?
Megalocytes
Ovalocytes
Microcytes
Normocytes
Anulocytes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
To prevent wound infection associ¬ated with surgical procedures a patient was given a synthetic antiprotozoan drug demonstrating high activity against Heli¬cobacter pylori. Specify this drug:
Metronidazole
Chingamin
Doxycycline hydrochloride
Isoniazid
Acyclovir
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A specimen of intestine demonstrates complex branching tubuloalveolar glands with their ends embedded in the submucous layer. What organ is it?
Cecum
Ileum
Colon
Duodenum
Jejunum
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After examining a patient a doctor recommended him to exclude rich meat and vegetable broths, spices, and smoked products from the diet, since the patient was found to have:
Biliary dyskinesia
Reduced salivation
Reduced secretion of hydrochloric acid by the stomach glands
Increased secretion of hydrochloric acid by the stomach glands
Reduced motility of the gastrointesti¬nal tract
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Roentgenologically confirmed obstruction of common bile duct resulted in preventing bile from inflowi¬ng to the duodenum. What process is likely to be disturbed?
Hydrochloric acid secretion in stomach
Fat emulgation
Carbohydrate hydrolysis
Protein absorption
Salivation inhibition
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Typical signs of food poisoning caused by A. botulinum include diplopia, swallowing and respiration disorders. These signs develop due to:
Adenylate cyclase activation
Exotoxin action
Enterotoxic shock development
Adhesion of the agent to enterocyte receptors
Enterotoxin action
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient in a grave condition has been delivered to an admission ward. Examination revealed pupil mydriasis, no reaction to the light, considerable reddening and dryness of skin and mucous membranes. What drug could have caused the intoxication symptoms?
Dithylinum
Adrenalin hydrochloride
Pilocarpine hydrochloride
Proserin
Atropine sulphate
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient consulted a therapeuti¬st with complaints of pain in the chest, cough, fever. X-ray revealed eosinophi¬lic infiltrates in the lungs, further investi¬gation of which allowed to detect presence of larvae. What helminthiasis is it characteristic of?
Echinococcosis
Cysticercosis
Fascioliasis
Trichiniasis
Ascariasis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
As a result of an injury a child developed an abscess of adipose tissue of the cheek. With time the process spread to the lateral surface of the pharynx. Pus had spread along the following fascia:
Bucco-pharyngeal
Masticatory
Temporal
-
Parotid
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Brain investigation by means of nuclear magnetic resonance revealed the patient to have a hematoma in the genu of the internal capsule. What pathway is damaged in this case?
Tr. thalamo-corticalis
Tr. cortico-thalamicus
Tr. cortico-spinalis
Tr. cortico-nuclearis
Tr. cortico-fronto-pontinus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cytochemical investigation revealed high content of hydrolytic enzymes in the cytoplasm. This phenomenon indicates the activity of the following organelles:
Cell center
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Polysomes
Mitochondria
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A victim of a traffic accident has lost thoracic respiration but retaines di- aphragmal. The spinal cord is most likely to be damaged at:
I-II sacral segments
XI-XII cervical segments
I-II lumbar segments
I-II cervical segments
VI-VII cervical segments
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Preventative examination of a 55- year-old patient revealed type II di¬abetes mellitus. An endocrinologist detected an increase in body weight and liver enlargement. The man is a nonsmoker and does not abuse alcohol but likes to have a ’’hearty meal’.’ Hi¬stological examination by means of di-agnostic liver puncture revealed that the hepatocytes were enlarged mostly on the lobule periphery, their cytoplasm had transparent vacuoles that reacted positi¬vely with sudan III. What liver pathology was revealed?
Alcohol hepatitis
Portal liver cirrhosis
Fatty hepatosis
Acute viral hepatitis
Chronic viral hepatitis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
On microscopic examination of a surgical biopsy material (part of the lip with an ulcer) near the ulcer margins and under the ulcer floor in the connecti¬ve tissue of mucosa there are epithelial complexes composed of atypical stratifi¬ed epithelium with pathological mitotic figures. Within these complexes there are accumulations of bright pink concentric formations. What pathology is it?
Squamous cell nonkeratinous carci¬noma
Transitional cell carcinoma
Papilloma
Squamous cell keratinous carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During examination of a patient with a periodontal disease it would be advisable to investigate functional state of blood vessels of the dentomaxillary area. What method can be applied in this case?
Rheography
Electroodontodiagnostics
Chronaximetry
Sphygmography
Gnathodynamometry
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with displaced fracture of the right coronoid process of mandible has been delivered to a first-aid center. What muscle had displaced the coronoid process?
Right lateral pterygoid muscle
Right masticatory muscle
Left masticatory muscle
Right medial pterygoid muscle
Right temporal muscle
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with bronchial asthma has developed a bronchial spasm duri¬ng the visit to a dentist. Name the drug necessary to arrest the spasm:
Anaprilin (Propranolol)
Bisoprolol
Salbutamol
Naphthizin
Mesaton (Phenylephrine)
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Microscopy of an oval cell, 150 micron in size, revealed the following: cytoplasm has yolk inclusions but no centrioles. Name this cell:
Myocyte
Oocyte
Fibroblast
Macrophage
Leucocyte
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A worker of a cattle farm consulted a surgeon about fever up to 40oC, headache, weakness. Objective exami¬nation of his back revealed hyperemia and a dark red infiltration up to 5 cm in diameter with black bottom in its center, which was surrounded with pustules. What disease are these presentations typical of?
Furuncle
Anthrax
Plague
Abscess
Tularemia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The autopsy of a 37-year-old man has revealed the following: in the aorta on the smooth glossy ivory-colored inti- ma there are yellowish-gray spots' blendi¬ng with each other, which form stripes that do not protrude from the intima surface. Microscopy reveals swelling and destruction of elastic membranes, di¬ffuse impregnation of aortic wall with orange granules ( if stained with Sudan III), orange coloring of macrophage cytoplasm and nonstriated muscle elements. Specify this process:
Liposclerosis of the aorta
Atherocalcinosis of the aorta
Atheromatosis of the aorta
Lipoidosis of the aorta
Imbibition of the aorta with cadmium salts
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with acute bronchitis has been prescribed sulfanilamide drugs for treatment. In an hour after administrati¬on the patient developed itching and vesicles filled with light transparent li¬quid on the face, palms and soles. Name the mechanism of immune response:
Antibody-mediated cytolysis
-
Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity
Cell cytotoxicity
Reaginic reaction
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 47-year-old man consulted a dentist about difficult mouth opening (trismus). The patient has a history of a stab wound of the lower extremity. What infection can be manifested by these symptoms?
Tetanus
Tularemia
Brucellosis
Anaerobic wound infection
Whooping cough
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 69-year-old patient developed a small plaque with subsequent ulceration on the skin of the lower eyelid. The formation was removed. Microscopic examination of dermis revealed complexes of atypical epitheli¬al cells arranged perpendicularly to the basal membrane on the periphery. The cells were dark, of polygonal prismatic shape, and had hyperchromic nuclei with frequent mitoses. What is the histologi¬cal form of carcinoma in this patient?
Basal cell carcinoma
Undifferentiated carcinoma
Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carci¬noma
Adenocarcinoma
Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 68-year-old man, who had been suffering from essential hypertension for a long time, was delivered to a resusci-tation unit with hemiplegia. The patient died after 7 hours. On autopsy: in the right cerebral hemisphere there is a cavi¬ ty 5x5 cm in size with uneven margins, filled with dark red blood clots. What cerebral circulation disorder developed in the patient?
Local venous hyperemia
Thrombosis
Hemorrhagic infiltration
Hematoma
Petechial hemorrhage
‹ Назад
Далі ›
What factor results in the highest energy expenditure under the normal vi¬tal activity conditions?
Increase of environment temperature
Decrease of environment temperature
Mental work
Action of skeletal muscles
Food rich in calories
‹ Назад
Далі ›
To drain the oral cavity a dentist places a tampon between the cheek and the 2nd upper molar. This way secreti¬on of the following salivary gland WILL NOT be able to accumulate in the oral cavity:
Sublingual gland
Submandibular gland
Labial glands
Parotid gland
Lingual gland
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During thermal stimulation it is characteristic of oral cavity blood vessels to:
Respond depending on the vessel functional condition
Respond with constriction to hot stimuli
Dilate in response to both cold and hot stimuli
Present no response towards thermal stimuli
Respond with constriction to cold stimuli
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After the cerebral hemorrhage a patient developed aphasia - lost the abi¬lity to articulate words. The hemorrhage is localized in the:
Second temporal convolution
Middle frontal gyrus
First temporal convolution
Superior frontal gyrus
Inferior frontal gyrus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
To assess the rate of collagen di- sintegration during certain connective tissue disturbances, it is necessary to measure the urine content of the followi¬ng:
Oxyproline
Urea
Proline
Ornithine
Lysine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Deaf parents with genotypes DDee and ddEE gave birth to a girl with normal hearing. Specify the form of D and E genes interaction:
Complementary interaction
Polymery
Epistasis
Complete dominance
Overdominance
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 33-year-old man has a cystic growth connected to the 2nd molar of the lower jaw. Within the cystic cavity there is a rudimentary tooth. On mi¬croscopy: inner cystic surface is covered with stratified squamous epithelium, there are groups of mucin-producing cells. What diagnosis is the most likely?
Follicular ameloblastoma
Primordial cyst
Follicular cyst
Radicular cyst
Periodontitis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In the course of an experiment researchers stimulate a branch of the sympathetic nerve that innervates heart. What alterations of cardiac activity should be registered?
Decrease in heart force
Increase in arterial pressure
Increase in heart rate and heart force
Increase in heart force
Increase in heart rate
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with a nasal trauma presents with skull fracture that circles the piriform opening. What bone is damaged?
Lacrimal
Nasal
Ethmoid
Maxillary
Frontal
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During tooth brushing it is not uncommon for oral mucosa to be injured. However, bleeding quickly stops on its own. What substances in saliva qui¬ckly staunch the flow of blood during mi¬nor oral injuries?
Lysozyme and mucin
Amylolytic enzymes
Lipolytic enzymes
Mineral substances
Procoagulants
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The autopsy of a 45-year-old man, who worked in organic acids producti¬on and died from uremia, has revealed reduced and completely destroyed crowns of the upper and lower incisors. Microscopy detects destruction of dentin and enamel, the pulp is covered with dense replacing dentin. What pathologi¬cal process occurred in the teeth in this case?
Necrosis of the hard tooth tissues
Teeth erosion
Cuneiform defects
Fluorosis
Hypercementosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During postmortem examinati¬on of a 9-month-old infant it was determined that the cause of death was cerebral edema. What water-electrolyte imbalance is the most likely cause of the edema development?
Hypoosmolar hyperhydration
Isoosmolar dehydration
Hyperosmolar hyperhydration
Isoosmolar hyperhydration
Hyperosmolar dehydration
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An accident had resulted in a 65-year-old man drowning in a lake. Resuscitation measures allowed to restore his respiration and cardiac functi¬on. What factor prolongs the period of apparent death?
Prolonged preagony and agony
Hyperthermia
-
Elderly age
Hypothermia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An athlete (a long-distance runner) during competition has developed acute heart failure. This pathology developed due to:
Pressure overload
Direct damage to myocardium
Volume overload
Pericardial pathology
Coronary blood flow disturbance
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In postabsorptive state glycogen synthesis is increased in liver and muscles. The syntesis involves the following substance:
Thymidine triphosphate (TTP)
Uridine triphosphate (UTP)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Cytidine triphosphate (CTP)
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 50-year-old man, who has been suffering for a long time from vi¬ral hepatitis, developed mental impai¬rments, impairments of consciousness, and motor disturbances (tremor, ataxia, etc.). What is the mechanism of such condition?
Decreased synthesis of albumins and globulins in the liver
Decreased detoxification function of the liver
Alterations in the lipid composition of blood
Insufficient phagocytic function of stellate macrophages
Disturbed lipid exchange in the liver
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 30-year-old man had suffered a thoracic trauma in a traffic accident, whi¬ch resulted in disturbance of external respiration. What ventilatory failure can be observed in this case?
Pulmonary restrictive
Obstructive
Extrapulmonary restrictive
Dysregulatory
Mixed type
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A girl is diagnosed with pri¬mary microcephaly that is a monogenic autosomal recessive disease. Her natural brother develops normally. What genotypes do the parents of these chi¬ldren have?
АА х аа
Аа х Аа
аа х аа
ААВВ х ААВВ
АА х АА
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient diagnosed with botulism has been prescribed antibotulinic serum for treatment. What immunity will be formed in the given patient?
Antitoxic passive immunity
Antimicrobic active immunity
Antitoxic active immunity
Infection immunity
Antimicrobic passive immunity
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An 84-year-old patient suffers from parkinsonism. One of the pathogenetic development elements of this disease is deficiency of a certain mediator in some of the brain structures. Name this medi¬ator:
Histamine
Dopamine
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
Acetylcholine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
High-altitude dwellers typically demonstrate chronically intensified respiration and decreased pCO2 value of blood. What mechanism is leading in the compensation of their asid-base imbalance?
Increased pulmonary ventilation
Increased ammonia excretion with urine
Desreased renal reabsorption of bicarbonate
Decreased pulmonary ventilation
-
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has suffered a head injury. On examination there is a subcutaneous hematoma in the temporal area. What vessel was damaged, thus resulting in hematoma development?
А. auricularis posterior
А. temporalis superficialis
А. maxillaris
А. buccalis
А. occipitalis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Due to severe pain syndrome a patient has been prescribed a narcotic analgesic. Specify the prescribed drug:
Indometacin
Morphine
Analgin (Metamizole)
Nimesulid
Dimexid
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 50-year-old man came to a hospital with complaints of memory di¬sorders, painful sensations along the nerve trunks, decreased mental abili¬ty, circulatory disorders and dyspepsia. Anamnesis states excessive alcohol consumption. What vitamin deficiency can result in such symptoms?
Niacin
Calciferol
Thiamine
Riboflavin
Retinol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A young man has been performi¬ng physical exercises, holding a weight for a long time. What kind of muscle contraction is the most characteristic of these exercises?
Single
Isovolumetric
Isotonic
Isometric
Asynchronous
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient presents with lymphocytic-monocytic leukogram pattern. It is characteristic of:
Acute inflammatory process
Chronic radiation sickness
Allergies
Chronic inflammatory process
-
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of diphyllobothri- asis. What food products can be the cause of this condition?
Fish
Beef
Fruit and vegetables
Pork
Milk and eggs
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During examination of a woman she was found to have a luminal narrowing of the right jugular foramen (foramen jugulare). What cranial bones form this foramen?
Temporal and cuneiform
Temporal and occipital
Occipital and cuneiform
Cuneiform and palatine
Occipital and frontal
‹ Назад
Далі ›
What coenzyme of flavin-dependent dehydrogenases participates in the reactions of tricarboxylic acid cycle?
Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)
Heme
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
Thymidine diphosphate (TDP)
Flavin mononucleotide (FMN)
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient is diagnosed with inflammatory process in the area of the excretory duct of submandibular gland. This duct opens to:
Vestibulum oris
Caruncula sublingualis
Linea terminalis
Recesus gingivalis
Foramen caecum linguae
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffering from arthritis is prescribed a COX2 selective inhibitor with antiinflammatory action. Specify this drug:
Celecoxib
Butadion (Phenylbutazone)
Analgin (Metamizole)
Indometacin
Dimexid
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has undergone recurri¬ng blood tests that revealed sharp fluctuations of glucose content: signi¬ficant increase in absorptive state and significant decrease in postabsorptive state. What pathology can be the cause of it?
Endemic goiter
Diabetes mellitus type II
Aglycogenosis (glycogenosis type 0)
Diabetes mellitus type I
Acromegaly
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A person found oneself in an emoti¬onally straining situation. As the result the blood adrenaline level has risen, therefore increasing the strength of cardiac contractions. In what way does adrenaline increase the strength of cardi¬ac contractions?
Decreases tone of vagus nerves
Decreases excitability of pacemaker cells
Activates vascular baroreceptors
Activates peripheral chemoreceptors
Activates cardiac в-adrenergic receptors
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During a brain surgery stimulation of the cerebral cortex resulted in tacti¬le and thermal sensations in the patient. What gyrus was stimulated?
Cingulate convolution
Precentral gyrus
Parahippocampal gyrus
Superior temporal gyrus
Postcentral gyrus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffering from malaria has developed hemolytic anemia after taking primaquine antimalarial drug. Hereditary insufficiency of the following enzyme in erythrocytes will be observed in this case:
Fructose 1-phosphate aldolase
Triosephosphate isomerase
Lipase
Phosphofructokinase
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Bacilli were extracted from the investigated sample. The bacilli are curved, extremely mobile, gram¬negative, form no spores or capsules, have anaerobic form of respiration. They form transparent smooth colonies in alkaline agar, ferment saccharose and mannose into acid, produce exotoxin, fibrinolysin, collagenase, and hyaluroni- dase. What agent was extracted?
Comma bacillus
Dysentery bacillus
Blue pus bacillus
Colibacillus
Proteus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 30-year-old man with glomerulonephritis has developed nephrotic syndrome. What symptom invariably accompanies nephrotic syndrome?
Low urine specific gravity
Glucosuria
Anemia
Proteinuria
Azotemia
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Ulcer disease of the duodenum has been detected in a 38-year-old man. A treatment was prescribed after which the patient considered himself to be healthy. However, half a year later the patient developed pain in the epigastri¬um, heartburn, and insomnia. The pati¬ent’s condition can be estimated as a:
Pathological state
Latent period
Development of chronic disease
Relapse
Remission
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Autosomal nondisjunction had occurred in a woman during meiosis. An ovum with the third copy of the 18th chromosome was formed. The ovum was impregnated by normal spermatozoon. The resulting child will suffer from:
Down’s syndrome
Patau’s syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Turner’s syndrome
Edwards’ syndrome
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Далі ›
Amino acids join to each other in ribosomes of granular endoplasmic reti¬culum. Knowing the sequence of ami¬no acids and applying genetic code, it is possible to determine the sequence of nucleoids in:
mRNA
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Introns
rRNA
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Далі ›
A patient suffers from an inflammatory process in the area of the lower wall of orbital cavity. What anatomical structure makes it possible for the inflammatory process to spread to the pterygopalatine fossa?
Posterior ethmoidal foramen
Optic canal
Inferior orbital fissure
Supraorbital incisure
Superior orbital fissure
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Далі ›
In 8 days after a surgery the patient developed tetanus. The surgeon suspects this condition to be caused by suture material contaminated by tetanus agent. The material is delivered to a bacteri¬ological laboratory. What nutrient medi¬um is required for primary inoculation of the suture material?
Egg-yolk salt agar
Kitt-Tarozzi medium
Hiss medium
Sabouraud agar
Endo agar
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Далі ›
A patient is diagnosed with deformed posterior portion of the nasal septum. What bone is deformed?
Vertical plate of palatine bone
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Vomer
Lateral pterygoid plate
Medial pterygoid plate
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A patient suffers from disturbed blood supply of superior lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres. What blood vessel is damaged?
Posterior communicating artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery
Anterior communicating artery
Medial cerebral artery
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A victim of an accident has hemorrhage in the area of lateral surface of the mastoid process. What branch of the external carotid artery supplies this area with blood?
A. maxillaris
A. auricularis posterior
А. temporalis superficialis
A. facialis
A. pharyngea ascendens
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 33-year-old man presents with disturbed pain and thermal sensitivity after a spinal cord trauma. The following ascending tract is injured:
Dorsal spinocerebellar
Anterior corticospinal
Lateral corticospinal
Ventral spinocerebellar
Spinothalamic
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Далі ›
A patient is diagnosed with pancreatitis. Starch decomposition di¬sturbance occurs in the patient’s intesti¬ne due to deficiency of the following pancreatic enzyme:
Chymotrypsin
Lipase
Carboxypeptidase
Amylase
Tripsin
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Далі ›
Histologic specimen of a tooth slice shows a tissue consisting of intercellular substance permeated with tubules, in which cellular processes of odontoblasts are situated. What tissue is presented in this histologic specimen?
Cement
Periodontium
Enamel
Pulp
Dentin
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Далі ›
To test teeth sensitivity they are sprayed with cold or hot water. What structure of cerebral cortex provides subjective estimation of this thermal test?
Middle frontal gyrus
Precentral gyrus
Central fissure
First temporal convolution
Posterior central gyrus
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During oral cavity examinati¬on a dentist noticed eruption of the permanent canines in a child. The child grows and develops normally. Determi¬ne the child’s age:
9-10 years
11-13 years
6-7 years
8-9 years
13-16 years
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Autopsy of a 58-year-old man, who had been suffering from rheumatic heart disease and died of cardiopulmonary decompensation, revealed gray diffuse film- and fiber-shaped coating in his peri¬cardium. What type of inflammation is characteristic of this pericarditis?
Suppurative
Hemorrhagic
Croupous fibrinous
Serous
Diphtheritic fibrinous
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During examination of the patient’s oral cavity a dentist noticed deformation of the teeth and a crescent indentation on the upper right inscisor. The teeth are undersized, barrel-shaped tooth cervix is wider than its edge. The patient uses a hearing aid, suffers from visual impai¬rment. What type of syphilis affects teeth in such a way?
Secondary
Late congenital
Primary
Neurosyphilis
Early congenital
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Autopsy of a 45-year-old man revealed the following: wrinkled shagreen-resembling intima in the ascending aorta; elastic staining is negative. Wall of the left ventricle is up to 1,5 cm in width; no myocardial alterations. Specify the most probable disease of the aorta:
Atherosclerosis of the aorta
-
Rheumatic vasculitis
Aortic failure
Syphilitic mesaortitis
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Далі ›
A patient has developed a pai¬nful sore with soft ragged edges in the oral cavity. Microscopically there is lymphocytic infiltration with epithelioid and giant multinucleate Langhans cells in the sore floor. What diagnosis is the most likely?
Ulcerative stomatitis (Vincent’s stomatitis)
Syphilis
Ulcer-cancer
Gangrenous stomatitis
Tuberculosis
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Далі ›
Lateral X-ray of the occipital bone area demonstrates fracture of the occi¬pital condyle. Integrity of the following anatomical structure is disturbed:
Foramen stylomastoideum
Foramen mastoideum
Foramen ovale
Canalis caroticus
Canalis nervi hypoglossi
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Далі ›
In the process of embryogenesis of dentomaxillary system there was an enamel disturbance detected. What source of tooth development is damaged in this case?
Mesoderm
Dental saccule
Dental bulb
Mesenchyme
Oral cavity epithelium
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The autopsy of the body of a man, who suffered from toxic diphtheria and died on the 9th day from the onset of disease with signs of cardi¬ac decompensation, has revealed the following: dilated cardiac cavities, dull flaccid myocardium, myocardial secti¬on is variegated. Microscopy revealed fatty degeneration of cardiac hystiocytes, large foci of myocytolysis, stromal edema with scant lymphocytic and macrophageal infiltration. Specify the type of myocarditis in this case:
Granulomatous
Focal intermediate exudative
Septic
Interstitial
Alterative
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Далі ›
A doctor has made a diagnosis of gi¬ngivitis and recommended the patient to rinse the oral cavity with an oxidizing agent. Specify this agent:
Salicylic acid
Brilliant green
Boric acid
Hydrogen peroxide
Phenol
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Далі ›
In dental practice atropine sulfate is used to decrease salivation. This drug belongs to the following group:
Ganglionic blockers
Muscarinic antagonists
Muscle relaxants
о-adrenergic agonists
в-adrenoceptor antagonists
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Далі ›
A patient has developed a grayish-white dense protruding focus on the oral mucosa. Histologycally there are hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, and acanthosis of epithelium with lymphocytic and plasmocytic infiltration of underlaying connective tissue in this area. What pathology has developed in the oral mucosa?
-
Hyalinosis
Leukoderma
Local tumor-like amyloidosis
Leukoplakia
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