Step 1 - Stomatology 2011

A shepherd who has tended sheep together with dogs presents with chest pain and blood spitting. X-ray examination revealed a roundish neoplasm in his lungs. Immunological reactions confirmed the provisional diagnosis. Specify the helminth that might have caused this disease:

Echinococcus

Armed tapeworm

Dwarf tapeworm

Broad tapeworm

Common liver fluke

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Sdudying the mitotic cycle phases of an onion root the researchers revealed a cell with chromosomes lying in equatorial plane in form of a star. What phase of mitosis is it?

Telophase

Interphase

Anaphase

Prophase

Metaphase

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Premolar teeth absence is inherited as an autosomal dominant factor. Parents with normal dental system gave birh to a child with lacking premolar teeth. What is the probability of giving birth to children without this pathology (%) in this family?

0%

25%

12,5%

50%

75%

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A mother consulted a pediatrician about small white filiform worms about 1 cm long with pointed ends that she found on her child’s underwear. According to the mother, the child sleeps badly, grits his teeth, scrathes the area of anus. Specify the helminth type:

Trichuris

Hookworm

Ascarid

Armed tapeworm

Pinworm

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A couple has a son with haemophilia. The parents are healthy but the maternal grandfather also has haemophilia. Specify the type of inheritance:

Recessive autosomal

Recessive sex-linked

Semidominance

Autosomal dominant

Dominant sex-linked

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An embryo has a disturbed development of blood-vascular system caused by a teratogenic factor. This disturbance occurred in the following germ layer:

Mesoderm

Ento- and mesoderm

Ento- and ectoderm

Entoderm

Exoderm

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Inside a human cell the informational RNA containing both exons and introns was delivered to the granular endoplasmic reticulum to the ribosomes. What process does NOT take place?

Transcription

Replication

Prolongation

Processing

Translation

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Two weeks after haemotransfusion a patient has developed fever. What protozoal disease can be suspected?

Trypanosomiasis

Amebiasis

Toxoplasmosis

Malaria

Leishmaniasis

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One of the protein synthesis stages is recognition. The first iRNA triplet starts with UAU triplet. What complementary triplet is found in tRNA?

UGU

AAA

AUA

CUC

GUG

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Examination of newborns in one of the Ukrainian cities revealed a baby with phenylketonuria. The baby’s parents don’t suffer from this disease and have two other healthy children. Specify the most likely parents’ genotype with phenylketonuria gene:

Aa x aa

aax aa

AA x aa

AaxAA

AaxAa

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A patient has a right-sided fracture in the region of the frontal third of mandible accompanied by a haematoma in the region of chin. It is caused by the injury of the following artery:

Inferior labial

Facial

Lingual

Palatine

Mental

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A patient has myocardial infarction in the region of the anterior wall of the left ventricle. Circulatory dysfunction occurred in the following vascular basin:

Anterior ventricular branch of the right coronary artery

Circumflex branch of the left coronary artery

Anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery

Marginal branch of the left coronary artery

Atrioventricular branch of the left coronary artery

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A 23-year-old patient complains of increased salivation. Production of large amount of serous saliva is caused by the stimulation of the following vegatative ganglion:

Ganglion submandibulare

Ganglion pterygopalatinum

Ganglion ciliare

Ganglion oticum

Ganglion sublinguale

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As a result of a cold a patient has the abnormal pain and temperature sensitivity of the frontal 2 /3 of his tongue. Which nerve must have been damaged?

Glossopharyngeal

Sublingual

Trigeminus

Vagus

Accessory

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A victim has been delivered to a hospital with an open fracture of mandible ramus and profuse bleeding in the region of fracture. What artery is most likely to be damaged?

Median temporal

Facial

Ascending palatine

Inferior alveolar

Lingual

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A patient with a tumour of thymus presents with cyanosis, expansion of subcutaneous venous network and soft tissue edema of face, neck, upper trunk and upper extremities. What vein is compressed by the tumour?

Precava

Exterior jugular vein

Anterior jugular vein

Subclavicular vein

Interior jugular vein

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A victim who had been rescued from under the ruins was found to have confused mental state, multiple subcutaneous haemorrhages on his head and neck, small wound on the face. There was a scalping in the posterosuperior parts of head and a significant deformation of head contours. What bones might have been damaged?

Temporal bone and maxilla

Sphenoid bone and mandible

Parietal and occipital bone

Malar and lacrimal bones

Frontal and nasal bones

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A patient was delivered to a hospital with the fracture of mandible and considerable bleeding in the region of fracture. What artery is likely to be dameged?

Inferior alveolar artery

Ascending pharyngeal artery

Superior alveolar artery

Ascending palatine artery

Lingual artery

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A 42-year-old patient came to a first-aid post because of a cut wound in the lower part of the anterior shoulder surface. Objectively: the patient has difficulties with forearm flexion. What muscles are most likely to be damaged?

M.deltoideus, m.biceps brachii

M.brachialis, m.biceps brachii

M.coracobrachialis, m.supraspinatus

M.biceps brachii, m.anconeus

M.deltoideus, m.infraspinatus

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A victim has a left-sided comminuted fracture of cheekbone accompanied by loss of skin sensitivity above it. What nerve is damaged?

Infraorbital

Zygomaticofacial

Pes anserinus minor

Buccal

Facial

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A 47-year-old female patient was diagnosed with a tumour of the tongue apex. Metastases are likely to spread into the following regional lymph nodes:

Parotid

Mastoid

Submandibular

Occipital

Retropharyngeal

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A patient has a craniocerebral trauma. X-ray examination revealed a fracture of skull base. The fracture line passes through the spinous and round foramens. What bone is damaged?

Frontal

Occipital

Ethmoid

Sphenoid

Temporal

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A 60-year-old male patient is unable to urinate after a surgery and needs a catheter installation. When a manipulator is not skilled enough, he can pierce the ureter in its following part (normally it’s the most narrow part):

Pars spongiosa

Pars membranacea

Ostium uretrae externum

Pars prostatica

Fossa navicularis

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A 30-year-old male patient consulted a dentist about a mastication disorder and pain provoked by pulling the jaw backwards. The dentist diagnosed the patient with an inflammation of one of the masticatory muscles. Which muscle is inflamed?

Temporal (posterior fibers)

Lateral pterygopalatine

Temporal (anterior fibers)

Masticatory

Medial pterygopalatine

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After a trauma of soft tissues in the region of the posterior sorface of medial condyle of humerus a patient has got a skin prickle of medial forearm surface. Which of the listed nerves is located in the affected region?

N.subscapularis

N.ulnaris

N.dorsalis scapularis

N.radialis

N.musculocutaneu

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After a fall a patient got unable to extend his knee joint. What muscle is likely to be damaged?

Biceps muscle of thigh

Triceps muscle of calf

Quadriceps

Semimembranous

Semitendinous

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Inflammation of tympanic cavity got complicated by the mastoid bone inflammation. Which wall of the tympanic cavity did the pus penetrate through?

Lateral

Posterior

Superior

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A victim has a trauma resulting from the direct blow to the internal surface of the middle third of shin. What anatomic formation is most likely to be broken?

Proximal epiphysis of fibular bone

Distal epiphysis of tibial bone

Distal epiphysis of fibular bone

Proximal epiphysis of tibial bone

Tibial shaft

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A boy has fallen down from a tree. Now he finds it difficult to abduct his arm into horizontal position. Which muscle is most likely to be injured?

M.anconeus

M.coracobrachialis

M.triceps brachii

M.supinator

M.deltoideus

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A surgeon concluded that the biggest space for examination and surgical procedures on pancreas can be created by dissection of lig. gastrocolicum. It allows to penetrate into the following space of abdominal cavity:

Hepatic bursa

Omental bursa

Left lateral canal

Pregastric bursa

Right lateral canal

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A female patient with a tumour of pancreas has developed mechanic jaundice resulting from compression of a bile-excreting duct. Which duct is compressed?

Ductus hepaticus dexter

Ductus hepaticus communis

Ductus choledochus

Ductus hepaticus sinister

Ductus cysticus

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After a severe trauma of visceral cranium a patient has a deglutition disorder with food getting to the nasopharynx. This is the result of the following muscle’s disfunction:

M.stylopharyngeus

M.levator veli palatini

M.genioglossus

M.palatopharyngeus

M.palatoglossus

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Elderly people often complain of joint pain that can be associated with age-related changes of tissue covering the joint surface. What tissue is it?

Connective tissue proper

Epithelial

Bone tissue

Elastic cartilage

Hyaline cartilage

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An electronic microphotography of a sense organ shows some hair cells with short microvilli stereocilia - located on their apical surface and a polar kinocili-um. What sense organ are these cells typical for?

Organ of vision

Olfactory organ

Organ of equilibrium

Gustatory organ

Acoustic organ

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During postembryonal haemopoiesis in the red bone marrow the cells of one of the cellular differons demonstrate a gradual decrease in cytoplasmic basophilia as well as an increase in oxyphilia, the nucleus is being forced out. Such morphological changes are typical for the following haemopoiesis type:

Basophil cytopoiesis

Lymphopoiesis

Eosinophil cytopoiesis

Erythropoiesis

Neutrophil cytopoiesis

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A patient with a serious trauma of his upper extremity has an impai- red regeneration of cartilaginous tissue as a result of a damage done to poorly differentiated cells of cartilage lineage. What cells has been damaged?

The cells constituting isogenic groups

The cells of the external perichondrium

The cells of the young cartilage

The cells coming from the blood vessels

The cells of the internal perichondrium

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An electronic microphotography shows epidermis with some dendritic cells among common cubic cells. These cells have a well-developed Golgi complex, a lot of ribosomes and melanosomes. These cells are called:

Merkel’s cells

Tissue basophils

Langerhans’ cells

Keratinocytes

Melanocytes

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Histological study of two different tooth specimens revealed acellular and cellular cement, respectively. The second specimen comes from the following tooth part:

The border between root and crown

Root apex

Dental cervix

Tooth crown

Superior subgingival part

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A married couple complains of inability to have children. Examination revealed that the husband had his spermatogenetic epithelium of a testicle damaged, which caused absence of spermatozoons in his sperm and infertility as a result. Which part of testicle was damaged?

Network of testis

Efferent ducts

Epididymis ducts

Straight seminiferois tubules

Convoluted seminiferois tubules

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A histologic specimen of the sagittal section of mandible primordium of a 3,5-month-old human embryo shows an epithelial organ surrounded by compactly arranged mesenchymal cells. This mesenchymal formation is called:

Dental saccule

Internal enamel organs

External enamel organs

Pulp of an enamel organ

Dental bulb

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A histological specimen of an oral cavity organ represents three zones: adipose, glandular and fibrous. Specify this organ:

Gum

Lip

Hard palate

Cheek

Soft palate

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An embryo had its external layer of dental saccule experimentally destroyed. What dental structure won’t have any further development?

Dentin

Enamel

Cement

Pulp

Periodontium

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An electronic microphotography shows a renal corpuscle with dendritic cells between the capillaries of choroid glomus. Their cytoplasm contains a large number of filaments. Specify these cells:

Juxtaglomerular

Fibroblasts

Adventitional

Juxtavascular

Mesangial

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Obliterating atherosclerosis causes changes in the vessels of the lower extermities. A histological specimen of such a vessel evidently presents both internal and external elastic membranes, middle membrane contains a lot of myocytes. What vessel is affected in case of this disease?

Artery of muscular type

Vein with strongly developed muscles

Lymph node

Artery of elastic type

Artery of mixed type

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An inflammation is characterized by the dilatation of blood capillaries in the region of injury, reduced circulation, increased permeability of vessel walls. What cells play the main part in the development of these changes?

Plasmocytes

Macrophages

Fibroblasts

Tissue basophils

Eosinophils

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A histological specimen shows an extraembryonic organ in form of a vesicle linked to the entodermal canal. Its wall is lined with epithelium, exteriorly it is made up by connective tissue. In the early stages of embryogenesis this organ has hematopoietic function. Name this organ:

Amnion

Allantois

Umbillical cord

Placenta

Vitelline sac

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A 30-year-old woman has subnormal concentration of enzymes in the pancreatic juice. This might be caused by the hyposecretion of the following gastrointestinal hormone:

Vaso-intestinal peptide

Somatostatin

Secretin

Cholecystokinin-pancreozymin

Gastro-inhibiting peptide

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It is known that people who permanently live in highland have an increased concentration of erythrocytes per each blood volume unit. Owing to this fact blood can optimally fulfil the following function:

Amino acid transport

Maintenance of ionic equilibrium

Haemostasis participation

Maintenance of acid-base balance

Gas transport

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A patient complains of frequent gingival haemorrhages he has been experiencing since his childhood. Blood test revealed a deficiency in blood-coagulation factor VIII. This means that the patient has an impairment of:

Prothrombinase generation

Thrombocyte aggregation

Fibrin generation

Thrombin generation

Thrombocyte adhesion

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A patient has a trauma of sternocleidomastoid muscle. This caused a decrease in value of the following indicator of external respiration:

Respiratory capacity

Functional residual lung capacity

Expiratory reserve volume

Residual volume

Inspiratory reserve volume

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Dentists commonly practice local anaesthetization by applying novocain solution with 0,1% adrenalin solution. The added adrenalin induces:

Local vasoconstriction

Decrease in vascular resistance

Local vasodilatation

Arterial pressure rise

Arterial pressure drop

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During an acute experiment some of diluted solution of hydrochloric acid was injected into the duodenal cavity of an experimental animal. This will result in hypersecretion of the following hormone:

Gastrin

Neurotensin

Secretin

Histamine

Motilin

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During a brain surgery it was noticed that stimulation of certain zones of cerebral cortex caused tactile and thermal sensations in patient. Which zone was being stimulated?

Cingulate gyrus

Superior lateral gyrus

Parahippocampal gyrus

Precentral gyrus

Postcentral gyrus

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Heart rate of an adult man is 40/min. This rate is possible due to the following element of the cardiac conduction system:

His’ bundle branches

His’ bundle

Atrioventricular node

Sinoatrial node

Purkinje’s fibers

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A 70-year-old patient is diagnosed with brainstem haemorrhage. Examination revealed increased tonus of flexor muscles accompanied by decreased tonus of extensor muscles. Such changes in muscle tonus can be explained by the irritation of the following brain structures:

Reticular formation

Black substance

Vestibular nuclei

Quadrigeminal plate

Red nuclei

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A child has abnormal formation of tooth enamel and dentin as a result of low concentration of calcium ions in blood. Such abnormalities might be caused by deficiency of the following hormone:

Triiodothyronine

Parathormone

Thyroxin

Thyrocalcitonin

Somatotropic hormone

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After a long training session a sportsman has developed fatigue accompanied by abrupt performance decrement. What link of the reflex arch was the fatigue initiated in?

Nerve centres

Afferent conductor

Receptors

Muscles

Efferent conductor

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A child presents with symptoms of psychic and physical retardation (cretinism). It is usually associated with the following hormone deficiency:

Insulin

Testosterone

Somatotropic

Thyroxin

Calcitonin

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After a tourniquet application a patient was found to have petechial haemorrhages. The reason for it is the dysfunction of the following cells:

Neutrophils

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

Platelets

Eosinophils

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A man is eating dry food. Which salivary glands secrete the largest amount of saliva in this case?

Palatine

Sublingual

Parotid

Submandibular

Buccal

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Indirect calorimetry allowed to establish that a 30-year-old male patient had a 30% decrease in basal metabolic rate. This might be caused by the reduced concentration of the following hormones in blood plasma:

Catecholamines

Thyrocalcitonin, parathormone

Glucocorticoids

Triiodothyronine, tetraiodothyronine

Somatoliberin, somatostatin

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A patient under test was subjected to a moderate physical stress. His minute blood volume amounted 10 l/min. What blood volume was pumped through his lung vessels every minute?

4 l/min

10 l/min

7 l/min

6 l/min

5 l/min

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A patient lost consciousness as a result of a cerebral trauma. This might be caused by damaging the following zones of cerebral cortex:

Occipital

Temporal

Frontal

Parietal

Temporal and parietal

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A patient presents with the following motor activity disturbances: tremor, ataxia and asynergia f movements, dysarthria. The disturbances are most likely to be localized in:

Brainstem

Basal ganglions

Cerebellum

Limbic system

Medulla oblongata

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Power inputs of a man are being measured on an empty stomach, in the lying position, at physical and psychic rest, under comfortable temperature. The highest power inputs will be ovserved in the following daypart:

5-6 p.m.

10-12 a.m.

8-12 p.m.

7-8 a.m.

3-4 a.m.

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A man has a considerable decrease in diuresis as a result of 1,5 l blood loss. The primary cause of such diuresis disorder is the hypersecretion of the following hormone:

Natriuretic

Vasopressin

Cortisol

Parathormone

Corticotropin

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A 32-year-old female patient suffers from gingivitis accompanied by gum hypoxia. What metabolite of carbohydrate metabolism is produced in the periodontium tissues more actively in this case?

NADPH-H

Glycogen

Glucose 6-phosphate

Ribose 5-phosphate

Lactate

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A month after a serious operation a 38-year-old patient has recovered and has now positive nitrogen balance. Urine of this patient may be found to have low concentration of the following nitrogen-containing substance:

Lactate

17- ketosteroids

Galactose

Urea

Stercobilinogen

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A man is in the state of rest. He has been forcing himself to breath deeply and frequently for 3-4 minutes. What effect will it have upon acid-bace balance of the organism?

Respiratory alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis

There will be no change in acid-base balance

Metabolic acidosis

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A patient suffers from hypertension and atherosclerosis. He should reduce the consumption of the folowing lipide:

Monooleate glyceride

Cholesterol

Phosphatidyl serine

Oleic acid

Lecithin

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A patient has been delivered to a hospital with a provisional diagnosis of progressing muscle dystrophy. This diagnosis can be confirmed by the increased concentration of the following substance found in urine:

Carnosine

Troponin

Hydroxyproline

Kreatine

Pyruvate

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Before the cells can utilize the glucoze, it is first transported from the extracellular space through the plasmatic membrane inside theml. This process is stimulated by the following hormone:

Adrenalin

Glucagon

Aldosterone

Insulin

Thyroxin

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A patient’s blood shows an increased concentration of pyruvate which is excreted with urine for the most part. This is typical for the following vitamin deficiency:

E

B2

B3

Bi

B6

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Parodontitis is treated with calcium preparations and a hormone that stimulates tooth mineralization and inhibits tissue resorption. What hormone is it?

Parathormone

Thyroxine

Aldosterone

Adrenalin

Calcitonin

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A 35-year-old female patient with a chronic renal disease has developed osteoporosis. The cause of this complication is the deficiency of the following substance:

25- hydroxy-D 3

D2

D3

1,25-dihydroxy-D3

Cholesterol

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A 50-year-old man sustained a great stress. This caused a dramatic increase in adrenalin and noradrenaline concentration. What enzymes catalyze the inactivation of the latter?

Monoamine oxidases

Carboxylase

Glycosidases

Peptidases

Tyrosinase

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A child has an acute renal failure. What biochemical factor found in saliva can confirm this diagnosis?

Increase in urea concentration

Increase in concentration of higher fatty acids

Increase in glucose concentration

Decrease in glucose concentration

Decrease in nucleic acid concentration

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Analysis of a newborn’s urine revealed phenylpyruvic acid. Its presence in urine is associated with the following pathology:

Alkaptonuria

Phenylketonuria

Tyrosinosis

Gout

Albinism

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After severe viral hepatitis a 4-year-old boy presents with vommiting, occasional loss of consciousness, convulsions. Blood test revealed hyperammoniemia. Such condition is caused by a disorder of the following biochemical hepatic process:

Protein synthesis inhibition

Disorder of ammonia neutralization

Activation of amino acid decarboxylation

Disorder of biogenic amines neutralization

Inhibition of transamination enzymes

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An emotional stress induces activation of hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase in the adipocytes. What secondary mediator takes part in this process?

Diacylglycerol

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

cGMP

Ca2+ ions

AMP

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Examination of a 45-year-old man who had kept to a vegeterian diet for a long time revealed negative nitrogen balance. Which peculiarity of his diet is the cause of this phenomenon?

Lack of proteins

Lack of fats

Excess of carbohydrates

Lack of vitamins

Excess of water

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After prolonged exercising people usually experience intense muscle pain. What is its most likely cause?

Accumulation of lactic acid in muscles

Increased muscle excitability

Intensified disintegration of muscle proteins

Accumulation of creatinine in muscles

Increased concentratioon of ADP in muscles

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A 2-day-old baby has yellowish skin and mucous membranes. This might be caused by the temporary lack of the following enzyme:

Sulfotransferase

UDP-glucuronil transferase

Biliverdine reductase

Haem synthetase

Hemoxygenase

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In the third period of fever a patient had a critical body temperature drop accompanied by tachycardia and arterial pressure drop down to 80/60 mm Hg. Specify a type of collapse developed as a result od these changes:

Cardiogenic

Haemorrhagic

Pancreatic

Orthostatic

Infectious-and-toxical collapse

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A 29-year-old patient was delivered to a hospital because of intoxication with carbon monoxide. Objectively: the patient presents with symptoms of severe hypoxia - evident dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia. What compound is produced as a result of intoxication with carbon monooxide?

Carbhemoglobin

Oxyhemoglobin

Methemoglobin

Carboxyhemoglobin

Sulfhemoglobin

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A patient with diabetes mellitus lapsed into diabetic coma as a result of acid-base disbalance. Specify the type of disbalance:

Gaseous alkalosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Non-gaseous alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

Metabolic acidosis

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A 25-year-old patient has been diagnosed with chronic hepatitis. The patient complains of 10 kg weight loss within 2 months. Objectively: the patient has dry peeling skin, pale with yellow shade, petechial haemorrhages, stomatorrhagia. Petechial haemorrhages and stomatorrhagia are caused by the disturbance of the following hepatic function:

Depositing

Chromogenic

Glycogen synthesizing

Detoxication

Protein synthesizing

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A patient with a trigeminus inflammation has been suffering from progressing parodontitis for the last few years. What is the leading factor in the parodontitis development in this case?

Increase of vagus tonus

Low immunoglobulin production

Neurodystrophical changes in parodentium

Hypoactivity of leukocytic elastase

Hypoactivity of kallicrein-kinin system

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A patient with a history of chronic glomerulonephritis presents with azotemia, oliguria, hypoand isosthenuria, proteinuria. What is the leading factor in the pathogenesis of these symptoms development under chronic renal failure?

Intensification of sodium reabsorption

Tubular hyposecretion

Disturbed permeability of glomerular membranes

Intensification of glomerular filtration

Mass decrease of active nephrons

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A 29-year-old female patient has moon face, upper body obesity, striae on her anterior abdominal wall, hirsutism; urine shows an increased rate of 17-oxy ketosteroids. What disease are these presentations typical for?

Pheochromocytoma

Secondary aldosteronism

Primary aldosteronism

Conn’s syndrome

Itsenko-Cushing syndrome

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A patient has a first-degree atrioventricular block accompanied by the prolongation of P-Q interval up to 0,25 s. Under such conditions the following myocardial function will be disturbed:

-

Conduction

Excitability

Automatism

Contractibility

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In course of parallel experiments some rats were being subjected to continuous direct solar irradiation and some were being irradiated while placed into a glass box. The animals that received a doze of direct irradiation got tumours on parts of their skin not coated with hair. This phenomenon is associated with the influence of the following factor:

Exogenous chemical carcinogens

Ultraviolet radiation

Biological carcinogens

Infrared radiation

Endogenous chemical carcinogens

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In the focus of inflammation the vessels of microvasculature exhibit an increased permeability and hydrodynamic pressure rise. Inter-tissue fluid has an increase in osmotic concentration and di-spersity of protein structures. What type of edema will develop in this case?

Colloid osmotic

Lymphogenous

Membranogenic

Combined

Hydrodynamic

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After an attack of bronchial asthma a patient had his peripheral blood tested. What changes can be expected?

Thrombocytopenia

Lymphocytosis

Leukopenia

Erythrocytosis

Eosinophilia

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After the traumatic tooth extraction a patient is complaining of acute, dull, poorly-localized pain in gingiva, body temperature rise up to 37,5oC. The patient has been diagnosed with alveolitis. Specify the kind of pain in this patient:

Phantom

Epicritic

Protopathic

Visceral

Heterotopic

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A teenger had his tooth extracted under novocain anaesthesia. 10 minutes later he presented with skin pallor, dyspnea, hypotension. When this reaction is developed and the allergen achieves tissue basophils, it reacts with:

IgD

IgE

T-lymphocytes

IgA

IgM

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A 50-year-old patient suffers from essential hypertension. After a physical stress he experienced muscle weakness, breathlessness, cyanosis of lips, skin and face. Respiration was accompanied by distinctly heard bubbling rales. What mechanism underlies the development of this syndrome?

Collapse

Chronic left-ventricular failure

Cardiac tamponade

Acute left-ventricular failure

Chronic right-ventricular failure

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In course of an experiment a white rat was being stimulated with a stress factor (electric current). The researchers could observe muscle hypononia, arterial hypotension, hypothermia. What period of general adaptation syndrome is it?

Antishock phase

-

Exhaustion stage

Resistance stage

Shock phase

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A 50-year-old male patient suffers from chronic bronchitis, complains about dyspnea during physical activity, sustained cough with sputum. After examination he was diagnosed with pulmonary emphysema. This complication is caused by:

Decrease in lung compliance

Decrease in lung elasticity

Ventilation-perfusion disbalance

Decrease in lung perfusion

Decrease in alveolar ventilation

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A patient with obliterating endarteritis underwent ganglionic sympathectomy. What type of arterial hyperaemia should have developed as a result of the surgery?

Metabolic

Neuroparalytic

Functional

Reactive

Neurotonic

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A 58-year-old female patient complains of rapid fatigability, performance decrement, sleepiness, dyspnea during fast walking. In blood: RBCs - 4,0 • 1012/l, Hb - 80 g/l, CI -0,6; alurge number of annulocytes and microcytes. What anaemia are these presentations typical for?

Haemolytic

Posthemorrhagic

Sickle-cell

Pernicious

Iron-deficient

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Such presentations as catarrhal conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, laryngotracheobro tis, white spots' on the buccal mucosa in the region of lower premolar teeth, maculopapular rash on face, body and extremities are typical for the following disease:

Measles

Scarlet fever

Spotted fever

Meningococcal infection

Influenza

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A 29-year-old female patient complains of gingival haemorrhage and lower front teeth mobility she has been experiencing for the last 6 months. Objectively: the mucous membrane in the region of the front lower teeth is hyperemized, edematic, bleeds when touched. From under the gingival mucosa foul-smelling pus is discharged, tooth roots are exposed. The patient has been diagnosed with the III stage of parodonti-tis. What factor allowed to establish the stage of disease progress?

Mucosa inflammation

Disease duration

Nature of purulent discharge

Teeth mobility

Tooth root exposure

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A male patient consulted a dentist about an acute toothache. Examination revealed a carious cavity in the upper premolar on the right. The carious cavity reaches the pulp. What is the most likely caries complication causing the toothache?

Pulpitis

Tooth erosion

-

Periodontitis

Parodontitis

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Examination of a 30-year-old man’s mandible revealed in the region of his molar a dense tumour-like formation that significantly deformed the mandi- ble. Here and there the formation wasn’t fully detached from the bone tissue. Microscopical examination of a tissue sampling revealed that stroma had some cords and follicles with odontogenous cylindric epithelial cells in peripheria and stellate cells resembling of the enamel oragan pulp in the centre. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Adenocarcinoma

Osteoclastoma

Adenomatoid tumour ch

Primary intraosteal cancer

Ameloblastoma

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A 46-year-old inveterate smoker has a white crateriform ulcer with dense edges in the right corner of mouth. Eosi-ne staining and microscopical examination revealed cords of atypical multilayer epithelium ingrowing into the adjacent tissues and making clusters. In the centre of these clusters some roundish pink concentric formations can be seen. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Squamous cell nonkeratinous carcinoma

Leukoplakia

Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma

Adenocarcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma

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Autopsy of a man, who died from typhoid fever on the 5th day of disease, revealed the following changes: aggregated follicles of ileum were enlarged and plethoric; they protruded over the mucous membrane, and multiple sulci and convolutions could be seen on their surface. Histological examinatio revealed plethority and edema of tissues, presense of granulomas composed of big cells with light cytoplasm and containing typhoid bacilli. These local changes are compliant with the following period of typhoid fever:

Stage of clean ulcers

Stage of medullary swelling

Stage of ulceration

Stage of necrosis

Stage of ulcer healing

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Autopsy of a 42-year-old man revealed a distinctly dilated lumen of small intestine filled with rice-water-like liquid. The intestine wall was edematic with lots of petechial haemorrhages on the mucosa. What infectious disease is the described enteritis typical for?

Salmonellosis

Typhoid fever

Cholera

Dysentery

Amebiasis

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Shortly before death a patient got an electrocardiographically based diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Autopsy revealed that the myocardial cavity contained 200 ml of liquid blood and 400 g of clots; the posterior wall of the left ventricle had a perforation up to 2 cm long. What complication of myocardial infraction is it?

Stone heart

Idiopathic myocarditis

Myocardial rupture with cardiac tamponade

Haemorrhagic pericarditis

Exudative pericarditis

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A 45-year-old female patient underwent an excision of 2,5x2 cm large tumour located in the region of submandibular salivary gland. Microscopic examination revealed that it consisted of glandular structures and contained solid epithelial complexes as well as mucoid, chondroid and myxoid foci. Specify this tumour:

Cementoma

Osteoclastoma

Ameloblastoma

Salivary gland carcinoma

Polymorphous adenoma

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A 46-year-old female patient complaining of having alveolar haemorrhage for 6 hours after a tooth extraction, general weakness and dizziness was delivered to a hospital. The patient has a history of essential hypertension. Objectively: pale skin and mucous membranes. In blood: Hb 80 g/l, Ht - 30%, bleeding and coagullation time is normal. What complication had been provoked by the haemorrhage?

Iron deficiency anaemia

Folic acid deficiency anaemia

Acute posthaemorrhagic anaemia

Chronic posthaemorrhagic anaemia

Haemolytic anaemia

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Autopsy of a 67-year-old man who died after presenting with hypoglycemic coma revealed some areas of connective tissue growth and necrosis foci, atrophy of Langerhans islets in pancreas. What disease might have induced such changes in pancreas?

Mucoviscidosis

Pancreas hypoplasia

Cancer of the head of pancreas

Diabetes mellitus

Acute pancreatitis

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A 57-year-old patient experiences periodical uterine haemorrhages. Diagnostic biopsy of lining of uterus has revealed among the blood elements some glandular complexes of different forms and sizes made by atypic cells having hyperchromic nuclei with multiple mitoses (including pathological ones ). What is the most likely diagnosis?

Uterus fibromyoma

Chorioepithelioma

Adenocarcinoma

Glandular endometrium hyperplasia

Endometritis

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While examining an extracted stomach a researcher revealed that its antral part along the lesser curvature had a deep, roundish, even-edged defect up to 1,5 cm in diameter reaching the myenteron. In the defect floor one could see a dense semitransparent area resembling of a hyaline cartilage. Specify the process observed in the floor of the mucosa defect?

Mucoid swelling

Local hyalinosis

Fibrinoid changes

Amyloidosis

General hyalinosis

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10 years ago a patient underwent extraction of his right kidney on account of a tumour. After that the volume of his left tumour grew by 50%. What process was developed in the kidney?

Hypertrophic enlargement

Functional hypertrophy

Pseudohypertrophy

Neurohumoral hypertrophy

Vicarious hypertrophy

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A removed vermiform appendix was sent for a histological analysis. The appendix was enlarged, with thickened walls and dull plethoric serous membrane covered by coagulated fibrin. After dissection some pus could be seen. Microscopical examination revealed vascular congestion, edema of all the layers and their diffuse infiltration with leukocytes. Specify the form of acute appendicitis:

Gangrenous

Flegmonous

Superficial

Simple

Apostematous

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A man with a long-term history of bronchial asthma died from asphyxia. Histological examination of his lungs revealed that the lumens of bronchioles and minor bronchi contained a lot of mucus with some eosinophils. There was also sclerosis of interalveolar septa, dilatation of alveole lumens. What mechanism accounts for the development of hypersensitivity reaction?

Lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis

Immune complex reaction

Granulomatosis

Reagine reaction

Cytotoxic reaction

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A veterenary attendant working at a cattle farm complains of joint pain, fever, indisposition and sweating at nighttime that he has been experiencing for a month. Giving the regard to such presentations and occupational history the doctor suspected brucellosis. What material taken from this patient is to be analyzed in a common microbiological laboratory?

Blood serum

Spinal fluid

Vomit mass

Feces

Urine

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In order to establish the level of antidiphtheritic immunity in a child it was decided to use a passive hemagglutination test. This task can be completed by the sensibilization of erythrocytes by:

Diphtheria antitoxin

Diphtheria anatoxin

Diphtheria bacillus antigens

Antidiphtheric serum

Haemolytic serum

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The immunoblot detected gp120 protein in the blood serum. This protein is typical for the following disease:

Poliomyelitis

Syphilis

Virus B hepatitis

HIV-infection

Tuberculosis

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In order to administer general healthimproving therapy a parodontist intends to study factors of nonspecific resistance of saliva and mucous secretion. Which of the following factors of nonspecific resistance should be studied in the first line?

Properdin

Interferon

Secretory IgA

Complement

Lysozyme

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Purulent discharges of a patient with a mandibulofacial phlegmon contain spheroid microorganisms making S-shaped colonies with golden pigment that produce lecithinase, plasmocoagulase, hemolysin and decompose mannitol under anaerobic conditions. Specify the kind of microorganisms that had caused the suppuration:

Str. sanguis

Str. pyogenes

Str. mutans

S. aureus

S. epidermidis

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A patient of oral surgery department has developed a purulent complication. Bacteriological analysis of the wound discharge allowed to isolate a culture producing a blue-and-green pigment. Which of the listed microorganisms may be a causative agent of the infection?

Proteus vulgaris

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Bacillus subtilis

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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HIV has gp41 and gp120 on its surface interacts with target cells of an organism. Which of the following human lymphocyte antigens is gp120 complementary bound with?

CD 19

CD 3

CD 8

CD 4

CD 28

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Before a tooth extraction a 48-year-old female patient received an injection of diazepam. Anxiolytic effect of this drug can be explained by:

3- adrenoreceptor block

^-adrenoreceptor block

M-cholinoreceptor activation

Interaction with benzodiazepine receptors

Dopamine receptor block

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A 65-year-old patient with chronic heart failure has been taking digitoxin in self-administered dosages for a long time. She was admitted to the hospital for general health aggravation, arrhythmia, nausea, reduced diuresis, insomnia. What is the primary action to be taken?

To withhold digitoxin

To give an intravenous injection of calcium gluconate solution

To administer strophanthine intravenously

To administer digoxin

To reduce digitoxin dosage

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In order to reduce salivation before a stomatological procedure a dentist gave his patient 10 drops of 0,1% solution of atropine sulfate perorally. 30 minutes later the patient started complaining of acute pain in the eyeballs, misty vision, headache, palpitation. These symptoms were eliminated by means of the following drug:

Cytiton

Aceclidine

Phosphacol

Carbacholine

Physostigmine

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A 20-year-old patient complains of morbid thirst and huperdiuresis (up to 10 l daily). Glucose concentration in blood is normal but it is absent in urine. The patient has been diagnosed with diabetes insipidus. What hormonal drug is the most appropriate for management of this disorder?

Vasopressin

Thyroxin

Oxytocin

Insulin

Cortisol

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A patient diagnosed with acute pancreatitis was admitted to the surgical department. Which drug administration would be pathogenetically grounded?

Chymotripsin

Fibrinolysin

Pancreatin

Contrical

Tripsin

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A patient with essential hypertension has been prescribed captopril. What is its mechanism of action?

Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity

3- adrenoreceptor block

^-adrenoreceptor block

Peripheral vasodilatating effect

Angiotensin II receptor block

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A patient with bronchial asthma has been administered inhalations of 0,5% isadrin solution. This helped to relieve bronchiospasms but the patient started complaining of heart pain and palpitation. What is the cause of these presentations?

^-adrenoreceptor stimulation

M-cholinoreceptor activation

3i-adrenoreceptor stimulation

32- adrenoreceptor stimulation

Inhibition of acetylcholine synthesis

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Before the infiltration anaesthesia a patient had been tested for sensitivity to novocaine. The reaction turned out to be positive. Which of the below listed drugs can be used for anaesthetization in this case?

Lidocaine

Trimecaine

Tetracaine

Procainamide hydrochloride

Anesthezin

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During examination of first-grade pupils a dentist revealed that one child had brown-yellow teeth and two split teeth. According to the child, previously he had been treated for pneumonia with 'some' pills. What drug might have had such a negative impact on teeth?

Erythromycin

Ampicillin

Oxacillin

Biseptol

Doxycycline

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A nurse accidentally injected a nearly double dose of insulin to a patient with diabetes mellitus. The patient lapsed into a hypoglycemic coma. What drug should be injected in order to help him out of coma?

Lidase

Noradrenaline

Glucose

Insulin

Somatotropin

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A patient who has been taking tetracycline for a long time has developed candidosis of mucous membranes. What drug shoul administered for its treatment?

Amphotericin

Nitrofurantoin

Itraconazole

Nitrofungin

Griseofulvin

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A male patient waiting for tooth extraction has developed a strong sense of anxiety. Which drug should be given to him in order to relieve him of this discomfort?

Carbamazepine

Analgin

Aethimizolum

Aminazine

Diazepam

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During a visit to a dentist a patient has developed collapse. What drug can be applied to manage this situation?

Propanolol

Mesaton

Nitroglycerine

Strophanthine

Seduxen

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A patient with herpetic stomatitis was prescribed acyclovir for topical application. What is its mechanism of action?

It inhibits virus penetration into cells

It increases the resistance of macroorganism cells to the viruses

It inhibits virus maturation

It inhibits virion assembly

It inhibits synthesis of nucleic acids of viruses

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An infectious patient manifests sensibilization to penicillin. Which of the following antibiotics is the safest to be applied in this case?

Erythromycin

Amoxicillin

Ampicillin

Oxacillin

Bicillin

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Among the specific hypocholesterolemic drugs the most effective are those blocking the synthesis of endogenic cholesterol in liver. Which of the below listed drugs has such mechanism of hypocholesterolemic action?

Probucol

Clofibrate

Allilcepum

Lovastatin

Linaethol

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A patient consulted a dentist about the temporomandibular joint arthritis. The dentist administered an ointment containing diclofenac sodium. What is its mechanism of action?

Opiate receptor block

Phospholipase inhibition

Cyclooxigenase activation

Cyclooxigenase inhibition

Opiate receptor activation

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While examining a blood smear taken form a patient and stained by Romanovsky’s method a doctor revealed some protozoa and diagnozed the patient with Chagas disease. What protozoan is the causative agent of this disease?

Leishmania donovani

Trypanosoma brucei

Toxoplasma gondii

Trypanosoma cruzi

Leishmania tropica

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A child suspected for tuberculosis underwent Mantoux test. 24 hours after allergen injection there appeared a swelling, hyperaemia and tenderness. What are the main components in the development of this reaction?

Plasmatic cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines

Granulocytes, T-lymphocytes and IgG

B-lymphocytes, IgM

Mononuclears, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines

Macrophages, B-lymphocytes and monocytes

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Dwellers of a village noticed mass mortality of rats in some farms. It was suspected that the animals might have died from plague. What postmortal analyses should be conduced in order to establish the causative agent of the infection as soon as possible?

Neutralization reaction

Ring precipitation reaction

Passive agglutination reaction

Agglutination reaction

Complement-binding reaction

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Children often have laboured nasal breathing which is caused by overdevelopment of lymphoid tissue of the pharyngeal mucous membrane. This phenomenon may cause enlargement of the following tonsils:

Tonsilla pharyngea

Tonsilla tubaria

All above-mentioned

Tonsilla palatina

Tonsilla lingualis

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A 26-year-old patient was found to have a big furuncle of soft tissues of face by the root of nose and inferior eyelid. This disease can be seriously complicated by the infection spreading along veins of this region to the sinuses of dura brain mater. What sinus is most likely to be affected?

Cavernous

Petrosal

Sigmoid

Superior sagittal

Occipital

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After inoculation of feces sample into the 1% alkaline peptonic water and 8-hour incubation in the thermostat at a temperature of 37oC a culture in form of a tender bluish film has grown. Such cultural properties are typical for the causative agent of the following disease:

Plague

Paratyphoid fever A

Dysentery

Typhoid fever

Cholera

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While under barbituric anaesthesia a 65-year-old male patient developed respiratory inhibition. Anesthesiologist made him a 10 ml intravenous injection of 0,5% bemegride solution. The patient’s condition got better, the pulmonary ventilation volume increased. What phenomenon underlies the interaction of these medi-vcations?

Direct antagonism

Indirect synergism

Unilateral antagonism

Indirect antagonism

Direct synergism

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A cell has been treated with a substance that blocks nucleotide phosphorilation in the mitochondrions. What process of cell activity will be disturbed in the first place?

Oxidative phosphorilation

ATP resynthesis

Synthesis of mitochondrial proteins

Fragmentation of big mitochondrions into lesser ones

Integration of functional protein molecules

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A patient sufferinf from glomerulonephritis was found to have anasarca, AP of 185/105 mm Hg, anaemia, leukocytosis, hyperazotemia, hypoproteinemia. What factor indicates that glomerulonephritis has been complicated by the nephrotic syndrome?

Arterial hypertension

Leukocytosis

Anaemia

Hypoproteinemia

Hyperazotemia

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Depressions and emotional disorders result from noradrenaline, serotonin and other biogenic amines deficiency in brain. Concentration of these compounds in synapses can be increased by means of antidepressants that inhibit the activity of the following enzyme:

Monoamine oxidase

D-amino acid oxidase

L-amino acid oxidase

Phenylalanine-4-monooxigenase

Diamine oxidase

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A 60-year-old patient consulted a doctor about retrosternal pain arising immediately after physical exercise. He was prescribed nitroglycerin. The medication relieved retrosternal pain but the patient got acute headache. What is the likely mechanism of this side effect?

^-adrenoreceptor block

Reduced accumulation of calcium ions

Intracranial pressure rise

Phosphodiesterase block

Inhibited formation of mediators in brain

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According to the phenotypic diagnosis a female patient has been provisionally diagnosed with X-chromosome polysomia. This diagnosis can be confirmed by a cytogenetic method. What karyotype will allow to confirm the diagnosis?

48( XXYY )

47(XXX)

46( XX )

48( XXXY )

47( XXY )

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A patient who has been treated for viral hepatitis B developed symptoms of hepatic insufficiency. What changes indicating disorder in protein metabolism are likely to be observed in this case?

Absolute hyperfibrinogenemia

Absolute hyperglobulinemia

Protein rate in blood will stay unchanged

Absolute hyperalbuminemia

Absolute hypoalbuminemia

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As a result of a chest trauma the costal cartilage was damaged. The cartilage regenerates due to the following layer of perichondrium:

Elastic

Collagen

Sharpey’s fibers

Fibrous

Chondrogenic

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There is a strict time limit for people to stay at a height of 8000 m above sea level without oxigen cyllinders. Specify the life-limiting factor in this case:

Rate of ultraviolet radiation

Temperature

Earth gravity

Humidity rate

Partial pressure of oxygen in air

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A 1,7-year-old child with a developmental delay and manifestations of self-agression has the concentration of uric acid in blood at the rate of 1,96 mi-llimole/l. What metabolic disoder is this typical for?

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Cushing’s basophilism

Podagra

Gierke’s disease

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

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Curarelike substances (dithylinum) make it impossible for skeletal muscles to contract because they block:

Membrane conduction of excitement

Neuromuscular synapses

Central synapses

Proprioceptors

Ganglionic synapses

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A cell with vitamin E deficit had been affected by ionizing radiation. This induced an intensified release of hydrolytic enzymes into the cytoplasm and thus a complete destruction of intracellular structures - autolysis. What organellas caused this phenomenon?

Golgi complex

Microbodies

Mitochondrions

Lysosomes

Endoplasmic reticulum

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A patient diagnosed with morphinism has been admitted to the narcological department. A doctor noted a decrease in pharmacological activity of morphine. Repetitive use of a drug may result in tolerance to its effect, and this phenomenon is called:

Allergy

Tachyphylaxis

Cumulation

Addiction

Antagonism

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A patient suffering from stenocardia takes 100 mg of acetylsalicilic acid daily. What is the effect of acetylsalicilic acid in this patient?

Prothrombin rate reduction

Inhibition of blood coagulation

Cholesterol rate reduction

Dilatation of coronary vessels

Inhibition of thrombocyte aggregation

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Dehelmintization of a patient revealed some long fragments of a helminth with segmented structure. Mature segments were rectangular, 30x12 mm large, closed-type matrix was in form of a stem with 17-35 lateral branches. Specify this helminth:

Alveococcus

Armed tapeworm

Echinococcus

Hookless tapeworm

Dwarf tapeworm

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A patient has a spasm of smooth muscles of bronchi. As the first aid it would be physiologically appropriate to inject the patient the antagonists of the following receptors:

N-cholinoreceptors

M-cholinoreceptors

/beta-adrenoreceptors

/alpha-adrenoreceptors

Adenosine receptors

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A patient complains of skin itch, especially between fingers, in the inguinal creases, on the lower abdomen. Examination of these regions revealed there some small vesicles. Laboratory diagnostics allowed to establish that this condition had been caused by a representative of Arthropoda. Specify the disease caused by this arthropod:

Demodicosis

Scabies

Dermatotropic leishmaniasis

Myiasis

Pediculosis

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Cystinuria in humans shows itself in form of cystine stones in kidneys (homozygotes) or else an increased rate of cystine in urine (heterozygotes). Cysti-nuria is a monogenic disease. Specify the type of interaction between cystinuria genes and normal rate of cystine in urine:

Complementarity

Codomination

Epistasis

Semidominance

Complete dominance

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On examination a male patient was diagnosed with acute radiation dsease. Laboratory examination revealed abrupt decrease in serotonin found in blood platelets. A likely cause of decrease in serotonin concentration would be metabolic imbalance of the following substance:

Phenyl alanine

Serine

5-oxytryptophane

Tyrosine

Histidine

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On the 2-3 day after stomach resection a patient is still experiencing a failure of intestinal peristalsis. In order to stimulate the motility of gastrointestinal tract the following drug should be administered:

Proserin

Prazosin

Atropine sulphate

Cyclodolum

Noradrenaline hydrotartrate

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A patient was delivered to a hospital after having been exposed to ionizing radiation. He presents with vomiting, anorexia, pain in different region of abdomen, bloody feces, elevation of body temperature, inertness. Such clinical presentations are typical for the following form of acute radiation disease:

Bone-marrow

Toxemic

Cerebral

Combined

Intestinal

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A 40-year-old male patient had a tumour-like formation 8x7 cm large on his neck. A surgeon removed it only partially because of close connection with large vessels. Microscopical examination revealed marked cellular and tissue atypism, lipoblast-type cells in different stages of maturity, with polymorphism and nuclear hyperchromia, pathological mitoses, necrosis foci. Specify the histological form of the tumour:

Lipoma

Fibroma

Hibernoma

Fibrosarcoma

Liposarcoma

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It is known that patients with diabetes mellitus are more subject to inflammative processes, they have low regeneration and slower wound healing. What is the reason for this?

Accelerated gluconeogenesis

Increase in lipolysis

Decrease in protheosynthesis

Decrease in lipolysis

Intensification of catabolism

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A 49-year-old woman spent a lot of time standing. As a result of it she got leg edema. What is the most likely cause of the edema?

Increase in systemic arterial pressure

Decrease in hydrostatic pressure of blood in arteries

Decrease in hydrostatic pressure of blood in veins

Increase in oncotic pressure of blood plasma

Increase in hydrostatic pressure of blood in veins

‹ Назад

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For infection prevention a patient who underwent appendectomy was prescribed a cephalosporin antibiotic. Antimicrobial activity of these antibiotics is called forth by the disturbance of the following process:

Nucleic acid synthesis

Ribosomal protein synthesis

Energy metabolism

Cholinesterase block

Microbial wall formation

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Microscopic examination of a parenchymatous organ revealed that its epithelial cords formed glomerular, fascicular and reticular zones. The central part of the organ was presented by accumulations of chromaffin cells. Specify this organ:

Liver

Adrenal gland

Epiphysis

Hypophysis

Thyroid gland

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Blood test of a patient suffering from atrophic gastritis gave the following results: RBCs - 2,0 • 1012 //, Hb - 87 g/l, colour index -1,3, WBCs - 4,0 • 109//, thrombocytes - 180 • 109//. Anaemia mi-gh have been caused by the following substance deficiency:

Vitamin K

Vitamin B12

Vitamin A

Iron

Zinc

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During manipulations aimed at treatment of mandible dislocation a physician should pay particular attention to a muscle that pulls a capsule and interarticular disc of temporomandibular articulation exteriorly. What muscle is it?

M. temporalis

M. pterygoideus lateralis

M. mylohyoideus

M. pterygoideus medialis

M. masseter

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A 71-year-old man had been presenting with diarrhea for 10 days. The feces had admixtures of blood and mucus. He was delivered to a hospital in grave condition and died 2 days later. Autopsy of the body revealed the following: diphtheritic colitis with multiple irregularly-shaped ulcers of different depth in both sigmoid colon and rectus. Bacteriological analysis revealed Shigella. What was the main disease?

Salmonellosis

Typhoid fever

Yersiniosis

Dysentery

Nonspecific ulcerous colitis

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Autopsy of a 75-year-old patient who had been suffering from disseminated atherosclerosis and died under chronic cardiac failure revealed constriction and deformation of coronary arteries, tuberous intima whose section appeared to be white and petrosal. Specify the stage of atherosclerosis morphogenesis:

Liposclerosis

Bilipid

Atheromatosis

Atherocalcinosis

Lipoidosis

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A patient has some vesicles on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, lips and nose. A dentist suspected vesicular stomatitis. What analysis will allow to confirm the diagnosis?

Microscopy of the vesicular fluid

Contamination of animals with the vesicular fluid

Recovery of virus from the vesicular fluid

Allergy test

Recovery of bacteria from the vesicular fluid

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Examination of a bronchial tissue sample revealed atrophy of mucous membrane, cystic degeneration of glands, focal metaplastic changes of lining prismatic epithelial cells into multilayer squamous cells; increase in goblet cell number; in some parts of bronchial wall and especially in the mucous membrane there was marked cellular inflammatory infiltration and growth of granulation tissue bulging into the bronchial lumen in form of a polyp. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Bronchopneumonia

Chronic bronchitis

Acute bronchitis

Lobar pneumonia

Interstitial pneumonia

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A viral process caused a considerable sclerosis of parenchyma of submandibular salivary glands as well as reduced production of biologically active hormonal substances. This resulted in the impairment of oral mucosa regeneration. The reason for it is an insufficient concentration of the following saliva component:

Thymocyte-transforming factor

Lysozyme

Insulin-like growth factor

Epithelial growth factor

Parotin

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In order to anaesthetize superior incisors an anaesthetic should be injected in the region of the incisive foramen. What nerve is located in this place?

N.nasopalatinus

Rr.nasales posteriores inferiores

N.palatinus major

N.pharyngeus

Nn.palatini minores

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In the process of tooth tissue histogenesis dentin wasn’t formed in time for some reasons. What process of further histogenesis will be delayed or will not take place at all?

Predentinal space formation

Acellular cement formation

Pulp formation

Cellular cement formation

Enamel formation

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A 70-year-old man has developed prosphetic stomatitis. Apart of this he was found to have an evident lesion of mouth corners. Microscopical examination revealed large ovoid gram-positive cells. What microorganisms are most likely to be the leading etiological agent of such a lesion?

Corynebacteria

Neisseria

Streptococci

Candida fungi

Staphylococci

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Examination of a kidney tissue sampling revealed leukocyte infiltration of interstitial tissue; miliary abscesses; dystrophic tubules filled with desquamated epithelium and leukocytes. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Glomerulonephritis

Pyelitis

Necrotic nephrosis

Pyelonephritis

Nephrolithiasis

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A 12-year-old child presents with intolerance to some foodstuffs. Their consumption causes an allergic reaction in form of itching skin eruption. What anti-histaminic drug should be administered that won’t have any negative impact on the child’s school studies (with no sleepiness effect)?

Sodium diclofenac

Loratadine

Mesatonum

Dimedrol

Aminophylline

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In the second week of being ill wit viral hepatitis a patient presented with sleep disorder, headache, aggressiveness, unbearable skin itch. Objectively: AP drop, decrease in blood coagulation and reflectory activity, bradycardia. What is the cause of these changes?

Hyperlipemia

Stercobilinemia

Urobilinemia

Hypercholesterolemia

Cholemia

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As a result of a road accident a 26-year-old man is in the torpid phase of shock. Blood count: leukocytes - 3,2 • 109/l. What is the leading mechanism of leukopenia development?

Leukocyte redistribution in the bloodstream

Increased excretion of the leukocytes from the organism

Leukocyte destruction in the hematopi-etic organs

Faulty release of mature leukocytes from the bone marrow into the blood

Leukopoiesis inhibition

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A 5-month-old boy was hospitalized for tonic convulsions. He has a lifetime history of this disease. Examination revealed coarse hair, thinned and fragile nails, pale and dry skin. In blood: calcium - 1,5 millimole/l, phosphor - 1,9 milli-mole/l. These changes are associated with:

Hypothyroidism

Hyperaldosteronism

Hyperparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism

Hypoaldosteronism

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A sample taken from the pharynx of a patient with angina was inoculated on the blood-tellurite agar. This resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies up to 4-5 mm in diameter. Microscopically there can be seen gram-positive rods with club-shaped ends arranged in form of spread fingers. What microorganisms are these?

Streptobacilli

Clostridium botulinum

Diphtheroids

Corynebacteria diphtheriae

Streptococci

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A specimen of cerebral cortex impregnated with silver nitrate shows some gigantic neurons of pyramidal form. These cells make the following layer of cortex:

Interior granular

Exterior granular

Pyramidal

Ganglionic

Molecular

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In course of an experiment thalamocortical tracts of an experimental animal were cut through. The animal didn’t lose the following sensations:

Visual

Exteroceptive

Auditory

Olfactory

Nociceptive

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A section of pulmonary tissue has a large-meshed look due to the sacciform and cylindric dilatation of the bronchi; microscopical examination of the bronchial wall reveals a leucocytal infiltration with neutrophil prevalence; elastic, muscle fibers as well as cartilage plates are partly destroyed and replaced by the connective tissue. The adjacent pulmonary tissue has inflammation foci, fibrosis areas, vascular sclerosis and signs of emphysema. The right ventricle hypertrophy is present. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Pulmonary emphysema

Interstitial pneumonia

Pneumofibrosis

Chronic bronchitis

Multiple bronchiectasis

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A 25-year-old man has a saucershaped ulcer 0,8 cm in diameter on the upper left surface of tongue. The ulcer’s floor and edges are dense with smooth and glistening surface, painless on palpation. Microscopical examination of the ulcer floor revealed an infiltration consisting of lymphoid, plasmatic and epithelioid cells with a lot of vessels affected by endovasculitis. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Decubital ulcer

Cancerous ulcer

Tuberculosis

Primary syphilis

Setton’s aphtha

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A patient has been admitted to the oral surgery department with a fracture of malar arch. The patient presents with difficult mouth opening. This state is caused by the dysfunction of the following muscle:

Masticatory

Zygomatic

Medial pterygoid

Digastric

Lateral pterygoid

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While playing a child got a punch in the presternum region. As a result of this trauma an organ located behind the presternum was damaged. Name this organ:

Pericardium

Heart

Thyroid gland

Thymus

Larynx

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A 35-year-old patient consulted a dentist about low density of dental tissues, increased fragility of teeth on eating solid food. In order to determine Ca/P relation a scrape of enamel was sent to the laboratory. What value of this index is suggestive of intensified demineralization?

2, 5

1, 85

0,9

1, 67

1, 5

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A patient underwent the extraction of his isuperior medial incisor. It is supplied with blood by the branches of the following artery:

A.buccalis

A.alveolaris inferior

A.sphenopalatina

A.infraorbitalis

A.palatina descendens

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A 35-year-old patient with chronic periodontitis underwent excision of a cyst 3 cm in diameter found at a root of the 15th tooth. Histological examination revealed that it had thin wall formed by mature connective tissue infiltrated by lymphocytes and plasmatic cells. Its internal surface was lined with multilayer pavement epithelium with no signs of keratinization; the cavity contained serous exudate. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Radicular cyst

Primordial cyst

Cherubism

Follicular ameloblastoma

Follicular cyst

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A patient has a lacrimal gland secretory dysfunction induced by a disorder of its vegetative innervation. Which of the ganglia of vegetative nervous system gives it postganglionic parasympathetic fibers?

Ganglion pterygopalatinum

Ganglion ciliare

Ganglion oticum

-

Ganglion submandibulare

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In spring a patient experiences petechial haemorrhages, loosening of teeth, high liability to colds. A doctor suspects hypovitaminosis. In this respect loosening of teeth can be explained by:

Structural failure of collagen in the periodontal ligaments

Structural change of glycosami-noglycans

Increased permeability of periodont membranes

Disturbed oxidation-reduction process in the periodont

Mechanical damage of teeth

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