0%
1 із 200
00:00
Microscopic analysis of human heart cells revealed some oval oganellas, their tunic being formed by two membranes: the external one is smooth, and the internal one forms crista. Biochemical analysis determined the presence of ATP-synthetase enzyme. What organellas were analysed?
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Mitochondrions
Centrosomes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman with ischemic heard disease has been taking an antianginal medication that has the following properties: dilates coronary arteries, peripheral vessels (arterial and venous), reduces the need of myocardium in oxygen, improves endocardial blood circulation. Name this preparation:
Nitroglycerin
Papaverine
Validol
Aminophylline
Dibasol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In the vermiform appendix there was found a white helminth, 40 mm long with thin filiform forward end. Ecscrements contained oval eggs with plugs at the poles. Determine the kind of helminth:
Ascarid
Whipworm
Hookworm
Seatworm
Threadworm
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Medical examination of some youths revealed in their axillary regions grey insects 1,0-1,5 mm large, with short broad body covered with hair. What insects were revealed?
Head louse
Itch mite
Bed bug
Pubic louse
Flea
‹ Назад
Далі ›
There are trisome, translocational and mosaic forms of Down’s Syndrome. What method of human genetics can be applied to differentiate the said forms of Down’s syndrome?
Gemellary
Biochemical
Cytogenetical
Genealogical
Population-statistical
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Very big teeth is an Y-linked sign. Mother’s teeth are of normal size, and her son’s teeth are very big. Probability of father’s having very large teeth is:
100%
75 %
12,5%
50 %
25 %
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An 8 month old child has non-closed palate, a number of eye defects, microcephaly, disorder of cardiovascular system. Cytogenetic analysis revealed 47 chromosomes with an additional 13th chromosome. What diagnosis can be made on the basis of clinical observations and cytogenetic examinations?
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Cat cry syndrome
Patau’s syndrome
Edwards’ syndrome
Down’s syndrome
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with suspected liver abscess was admitted to the surgical department. The patient had been staying for a long time on business in one of african countries and fell repeatedly ill with acute gastrointestinal disorders. What protozoal disease may the patient be now ill with?
Leishmaniasis
Malaria
Amebiasis
Toxoplasmosis
Trypanosomosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 7 year old child revealed the following symptoms: small height, broad roundish face, closely placed eyes with narrow palpebral fissures, half-open mouth. Valvular defect has been also diagnosed. These clinical presentations are most likely typical for Down’s syndrome. Name the cause of such pathology:
Trisomy of the 13 chromosome
Partial monosomy
Nondisjunction of sexual chromosomes
X-chromosome trisonomy
Trisomy of the 21 chromosome
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A group of students has representati- ves of different races. One of the students has straight black hair and overhanging skin fold of superior eyelid - epi-canthus. What race does this student most probably represent?
Europeoid
Negroid
Mongoloid
Ethiopian
Australoid
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a pregnant woman who has been taking alcohol revealed di-turbed anlage of ectoderma during the fetal life. What derivatives of this leaf have defects?
Sexual glands
Neural tube
Bowels epithelium
Kidneys
Liver
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In a genetical laboratory in course of work with DNA molecules of white rats of Wistar’s line a nucleotide was substituted for another one. At that only one amino acid was substituded in the peptide. This result is caused by the following mutation:
Transversion
Translocation
Deletion
Displacement of reading frame
Duplication
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Father bought some pork at the market. What disease may catch members of his family provided that this meat didn’t pass the veterinary control?
Echinococcosis
Beef tapeworm infection
Liver fluke infection
Pork tapeworm infection
Hymenolepiasis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During the postsynthetic period of mitotic cycle the synthesis of tubulin proteins was disturbed. These proteins take part in construction of division spindle. It can lead to the disturbance of:
Cytokinesis
Spiralization of chromosomes
Despiralization of chromosomes
Mitosis duration
Chromosomes’ disjunction
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A newborn child has microcephalia. Doctors consider that this is the result of mother’s taking actinomycin D during the pregnancy. What embryonal leaf was influenced by this teratogen?
Entoderma
Mesoderma
Entoderma and mesoderma
All leaves
Ectoderma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
It is known that the information about amino acids sequence in a protein molecule is coded in form of a sequence of four nucleotide types in a DNA molecule, different aminoacids being coded with different quantity of triplets - from one to six. How is such peculiarity of genetic code called?
Degeneracy
Specificity
Versatility
Nonoverlayability
Triplety
‹ Назад
Далі ›
There is a 9 year old boy in endocrinological department, who has already had a few fractures of extremeties caused by fragility of bones. Malfunction of what endocrinous glands (gland) takes place?
Epiphysis
Thyroid gland
Thymus
Parathyroid glands
Adrenal glands
‹ Назад
Далі ›
To approach the thyroid gland from the transverse (collar) approach the suprasternal fascial space must be opened. What anatomical formation located in this space is dangerous to damage?
Internal jugular vein
Venous jugular arch
Lymph nodes
Carotid artery
Subclavian artery
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 24 year old patient consulted a doctor about pain below the lower jaw to the right of it. Dental surgeon found a stone in the submandibular gland. While removing it he prevented bleeding from the following artery:
A.labialis inferior
A.submentalis
A.lingualis
A.facialis
A.alveolaris inferior
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 28 year old man with cut wound of frontal skin was admitted to the hospital. A vessel that supplies blood to the frontal part of head was ligated in order to stop bleeding. What vessel was ligated?
A.temporalis superf icialis
A.supraorbitalis
A.dorsalis nasi
A.angularis
A.infraorbitalis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient complains of headache, heavy breathing. X-ray examination confirmed the diagnosis frontitis. What nasal meatus may contain purulent discharge?
Common
Inferior
Above the superior nasal concha
Middle
Superior
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 28 year old patient was diagnosed with acute inflammation of mucous membrane of nasolacrimal duct. It is known from the anamnesis that he had been having nasal discharges for 10 days after recovering from influenza. From what part of nasal cavity could the infection penetrate into nasolacrimal duct?
Vestibule of nose
Middle nasal meatus
Inferior nasal meatus
Superior nasal meatus
Frontal sinus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An eye trauma caused soft tissues infection of eye-socket. Through what anatomical formation can the infection penetrate into the middle cranial fossa?
Through the superior orbital fissure
Through the posterior ethmoidal foramen
Through the zygomatic orbital foramen
Through the anterior ethmoidal foramen
Through the inferior orbital fissure
‹ Назад
Далі ›
When a patient puts his tongue out the tip of it deflects to the left. Motor innervation of what cranial nerve is disturbed in this case?
N.glossopharyngeus dexter
N.hypoglossus dexter
N.vagus dexter
N.facialis sinister
N.trigeminus sinister
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A mother consulted the doctor about her one year old child, who has got six teeth come out. How many teeth should the child of such age have?
10
6
12
8
7
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Trauma of occipital region of head resulted in crack fracture in the region of transverse sinus. What part of occipital bone is damaged?
Squama
Condyle
Left lateral
Proximal
Right lateral
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A surgeon is going to take lympha from patient’s thoracic duct in the point of its flowing into venous channel. Where exactly a cannula should be inserted?
Right venous angle
Left venous angle
Point of formation of portal vein
Point of formation of superior vena cava
Point of formation of inferior vena cava
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 69 year old patient has got an abscess of frontal lobe as a result of purulent infection in nasal cavity. What anatomical formation did the infection penetrate through?
Foraminae cribrosae
Foramen rotundum
Foramen sphenopalatinum
Foramen ethmoidalae posterior
Foramen ovale
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient displays abnormal retrodeviation of his lower jaw as a result of trauma in the region of mandibular coronal process. What muscle is most likely to be damaged?
M.pterygoideus medialis
M.pterygoideus lateralis
M.levator anguli oris
M.temporalis
M.masseter
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has disorder of tear flow after a cold. What autonomic ganglion had been most damaged?
Ciliated
Submandibular
Aural
Sublingual
Pterygopalatine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 58 year old woman had her uterus and all appendages completely removed. It resulted in stoppage of urine excretion. Cystoscopy results: bladder doesn’t contain any urine, urine doesn’t come also from ureteric orifices. What part of urinary excretion system was damaged during the operation?
Pelvis renalis
Ureter
Vesica urinaria
Ren
Uretra
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 32 year old patient revealed disproportional skeleton size, enlargement of superciliary arches, nose, lips, tongue, jaw bones, feet. What gland’s function was disturbed?
Epiphysis
Suprarenal
Pancreas
Thyroid
Hypophysis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffers from middle ear inflammation (otitis). He complains also of disordered test sensation in the anterior tongue part. What nerve is damaged?
N.glossopharyngeus
N.facialis
N.trigeminus
N.vagus
N.vestibulo — cochlearis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A surgeon should reach the omental bursa to perform an operation on abdominal cavity. How can he reach this part of peritoneal cavity without affecting the integrity of lesser omentum?
Through the left mesenteric sinus
Through the right mesenteric sinus
Through the epiploic foramen
Through the left paracolic sulcus
Through the right paracolic sulcus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 5 year old child suffers from the neck deformity. Clinical examination revealed such symptoms: apparent flexion of head to the left, his face is turned right, passive movements of the head to the right are restricted. What muscle’s development was disturbed in this case?
Long muscle of head
Sternosublingual
Splenius muscle of head
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has difficulties with jaw joining when he is chewing. There is partial atrophy of masticatory muscles situated below the zygomatic arch. What nerve branches do these muscles innervate?
N.infraorbitalis
N.maxillaris
Nn.alveolares superiores
N.alveolaris inferior
N.mandibularis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A boxer who got a punch in the region of temporomandibular joint has a traumatic dislocation of mandible. Displacement of what articular surfaces will overstep the limits of physiological norm?
Coronoid process and pterygoid fossa
Coronoid process and submandibular fossa
Head of mandible and submandibular fossa
Head of mandible and mandibular fossa
Neck of mandible and submandibular fossa
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient’s middle ear inflammation was complicated by mastoiditis. There was a threat of purulent thrombosis of the nearest venous sinus. What sinus was under the threat?
Superior saggital
Sigmoid
Transverse
Inferior petrosal
Rectus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
On examination of a road accident victim a doctor revealed left clavicle fracture and disturbed blood circulation in an extremity (no pulsing of radial artery). What cause of blood circulation disturbance is the most probable?
Compression of vertebral artery
Compression of axillary artery
Compression of subclavian artery
Compression of axillary vein
Compression of subclavian vein
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 60 year old patient has problems with formation and moving of food mass, it disturbs eating process. His tongue is stiff, speaking is impossible. What nerve is damaged?
VII
V
IX
XII
XI
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman in grave condition was admitted to a hospital with the diagnosis of the hemorrhagic stroke in the region of frontal part of the right cerebral hemisphere. The damage of what artery most likely caused this condition?
A .communicans posterior
A.cerebri media
A.cerebri posterior
A.communicans anterior
A.cerebri anterior
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 17 year old student pressed out a pustule in the medial angle of eye. In 2 days she was taken to the institute of neurosurgery with thrombosis of cavernous sinus. Through what vein did the infection get into this sinus?
V.diploicae frontalis
V.maxillaris
V.profunda faciei
V.transversa faciei
V.angularis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 35 year old patient came to the admission department with complaints of pain and edema in the region of floor of oral cavity. After examination he was diagnosed with inflammation in the region of excretory duct of submandibular gland. Where does this duct open into?
Caruncula sublingualis
Foramen caecum linguae
Vestibulum oris
Plica fimbriata
Recesus gingivalis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a patient who was exposed to the ionizing radiation revealed damage of wight pulp. What cells of white pulp undergo pathological changes?
Basophilic leukocytes
Lymphocytes
Neutrophilic leukocytes
Monocytes
Tissue basophils
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient had a trauma that led to the injury of front spinal roots. Denote the damaged structures:
Central processes of spinal ganglion neurons
Axons of motoneurons
Peripheral processes of spinal ganglion neurons
Axons of motoneurons and lateral horn neurons
Axons of lateral horn neurons
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with an acute rhinitis has hyperemia and excessive mucus formation in nasal cavity. What epithelial cells of mucous membrane have the intensified activity?
Microvillous cells
Ciliated cells
Endocrine cells
Goblet cells
Basal cells
‹ Назад
Далі ›
As a result of head trauma a 32 year old man has damaged ampullas of semicircular ducts. What stimuli perception will be disturbed?
Gravitation
Angular acceleration
Vibration
Vibration and gravitation
Linear acceleration
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Morphological examination revealed in histological specimen of biopsy material an irregularshaped vessel. Its middle membrane is formed by bundles of smooth myocytes and layers of connective tissue. What type of vessel is it?
Lymphatic vessel
Arteriole
Venule
Artery uf muscular type
Vein of muscular type
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An electronic micrograph presents a cell that has no nucleole and nuclear membrane. Chromosomes has free position, centrioles migrate to the poles. What phase of cell cycle is it typical for?
Interphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Prophase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The symptoms of regeneration process (callus) on the place of fracture were revealed in the histologic specimen of tubular bone. What tissue forms this structure?
Fibrous bone tissue
Lamellar bone tissue
Loose connective tissue
Reticular tissue
Epithelial tissue
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A chemical burn of esophagus caused it’s local constriction as a result of scar formation. What cells of loose connective tissue take part in scar formation?
Fibroclasts
Fibrocytes
Mature specialized fibroblasts
Immature nonspecialized fibroblasts
Miofibroblasts
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman has hyperemic ovary, increased permeability of hematofolli-cular barrier with the following development of edema, infiltration of follicle wall by segmentonuclear leukocytes. The follicle volume is large, its wall is thinned. What period of sexual cycle do these presentations correspond with?
Menstrual period
Ovulation
Period of relative rest
Preovulatory stage
Postmenstrual period
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Premature infants have syndrom of respiratory failure. Failure of what aerohematic barriere component underlies this pathology?
Basal membrane of endothelium
Surfactant
Capillary endothelium
Alveolocytes
Basal membrane of alveolocytes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Histological examination in the area of neck of fundus gland reveals small cells that have high nuclear-cytoplasmatic ratio and basophilic cytoplasm. Name the function of these cells:
Protective
Regeneration of glandular epithelium
Endocrine
Pepsinogen secretion
Secretion of chlorine ions
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Histological examination of trasverse enamel slice revealed linear banding in form of concentric circles that is pointing at an angle to the dentinoenamel junction. Name these structures:
Enamel fascicles
Enamel spindles
Enamel plates
Retsius’ lines
Hunter-Schreger’s lines
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Retrospective diagnostics of old bacillary dysentery required serologic examination of blood serum in order to determine blood titer to the shigells. What reaction should be applied for this purpose?
Reaction of passive hemagglutination
Precipitation reaction
Bacteriolysis reaction
Hemolysis reaction
Bordet-Gengou test
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Microspecimen of a child’s finger skin reveals subnormal development of epidermis. What embryonic leaf was damaged in course of development?
Mesoderm
Ectoderm
Mesenchyma
Ectomesenchyma
Entoderm
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The influence of negative factors upon an organism results in the thymus change that is accompanied by mass loss of thymocytes, their drive out to the peripheral organs, proliferation of epitheli-oreticulocytes. How is this phenomemon called?
Thymus atrophy
Thymus hypotrophy
Thymus distrophy
Age thymus involition
Accidental thymus involution
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Histological specimen of an oral cavity organ shows that anterior surface is lined with multilayer flat non-keratinizing epithelium and posterior surface - with multirow ciliated epithelium. What organ is it?
Soft palate
Hard palate
Lip
Gum
Cheek
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In course of embryogenesis maxillary and mandibular processes grew together with a delay. What development anomalies should be expected in this case?
Gothic palate
Cleft of superior lip
Microstomia
Cleft palate
Macrostomia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 42 year old patient who suffers from parodontosis revealed roundish calcified formations 2-3 mm in diameter in coronal pulp. Name these formatioms:
Intertubular dentin
Sclerosed (transparent) dentin
Interglobular spaces
Denticles
Dead dentin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Electron micrograph of a kidney fragment presents an afferent arteriole with big cells under endothelium. These cells contain secretory granules. Name this type of cells:
Smooth muscular
Juxtaglomerular
Interstitial
Mesangial
Juxtavascular
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A child damaged the lateral surface of his tongue. What lingual papillas are most likely to be damged?
Vallate
Foliate
Filiform
Fungiform
Conic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
By producing a number of hormones placenta plays a part of temporary endocrine gland. What hormone may be detected in woman’s blood on the third or the forth day after begin of implantation, that is used in medicine for early pregnancy detection?
Progesterone
Chorionic gonadotropin
Oxytocin
Somatostatin
Vasopressin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In a histological specimen of adrenal cortex there are petite polygonal cells that form roundish clusters and contain some lipidic inclusions. What part of adrenal is presented in this histological specimen?
Fasciolar zone
Intermedial zone
Reticular zone
Glomerular zone
-
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Implantation process has two stages: adhesion and invasion. Morphological manifestation of blastocyte adhesion is:
Attachment of blastocyte to the endometrium
Formation of lacunes
Destruction of connective tissue of endometrium
Destruction of endometrium epithelium
Destruction of endometrium vessels
‹ Назад
Далі ›
While a 24 year old woman was waiting for tooth extraction, tonus of sympathetic part of autonomic nervous system rose. What reaction will the patient display?
Hypersecretion of digestive juices
Hyperperistalsis
Miotic pupils
Bronchus constriction
Increased frequency of heartbeat
‹ Назад
Далі ›
If a mountain-climber stays in the mountains for a long time, quantity of erythrocytes increases from 5,0 • l012/l to 6,0 • 1012/l. What causes stimulation of erythropoesis?
Decrease of p O2 in arterial blood
Increase of p O2 in venous blood
Increase of p O2 in cells
Increase of p O2 in arterial blood
Decrease of p O2 in venous blood
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An experimentator wants a dog to develop conditioned salivary reflex. What conditioned stimulus will be appropriate to use?
Moderately loud sound
Meat
Very loud sound
Electric current
Zwieback
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A man has trauma of greater pectoral muscle. What index’ decrease will it cause?
Expiratory reserve volume
Functional residual lung capacity
Respiratory volume
Residual volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A month after surgical constriction of rabbit’s renal artery the considerable increase of systematic arterial pressure was observed. What of the following regulation mechanisms caused the animal’s pressure change?
Serotonin
Adrenaline
Vasopressin
Noradrenaline
Angiotensin-II
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Rate of excitement conduction was studied on different sites of an isolated heart. Where was the lowest rate registered?
In atria’s myocardium
In His’ bundle
In ventricle’s myocardium
In atrioventricular node
In Purkinje’s fibers
‹ Назад
Далі ›
While passing an exam a student gets dry mouth. It is caused by realization of such reflexes:
Unconditioned sympathetic and parasympathetic
Conditioned parasympathetic
Conditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned parasympathetic
Conditioned and unconditioned sympathetic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has been taking glucocorticoids for a long time. Drug withdrowal caused acute attack of his disease, blood pressure reduction, weakness. What are these occurences connected with?
Sensibilisation
Drug habituation
Hyperproduction of corticotroph hormone
Cumulation
Adrenal glands insufficiency
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A sportsman was examined after an intensive physical activity. The examination revealed disorder of movement coordination but the force of muscle contractions remained the same. It can be explained by retarded speed of excitement conduction through:
Central synapses
Efferent nerves
Conduction tracts
Afferent nerves
Neuromuscular synapses
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cerebral hemorrhage caused serious disturbance of taste sensibility. What brain structure is most likely to be damged?
Hippocampus
Substantia nigra
Postcentral gyrus
Amygdaloid body
Hypothalamus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A man lost consciousness in a car with running engine where he had been waiting for a friend for a long time. What hemoglobin compaund can be found in the blood of the patient?
Methemoglobin
Oxyhemoglobin
Carbhemoglobin
Carboxyhemoglobin
Deoxyhemoglobin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has the sudden decrease of Ca2+ content in blood. What hormone secretion will increase?
Thyrocalcitonin
Somatotropin
Parathormone
Vasopressin
Aldosterone
‹ Назад
Далі ›
It is required to set an experiment on an isolated excitable cell and to achieve increase of membrane rest potential (hyperpolarization). What ion channels should be activated to achieve such a result?
Potassium and sodium
Calcium
Sodium and calcium
Sodium
Potassium
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A man has considerable disorder of protein, fat and carbohydrate digestion. Reduced secretion of what digestive juice is the most probable cause of this phenomenon?
Intestinal juice
Pancreatic juice
Saliva
Bile
Gastric juice
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During phonocardiogram registration it was ascertained that the duration of the first heart sound twice exceeds the norm. It is most likely that patient has the following organ affected:
Atrioventricular valves
Cardiomyocytes of heart atriums
Cardiomyocytes of atriums
Semilunar valves
Cardiomyocytes of ventricles
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In the course of an experiment a nerve is being stimulated by electric impulses. It leads to excretion of some quantity of thick viscous saliva by sublingual and submandibular glands. What nerve is being stimulated?
N.facialis
N.sympathicus
N.trigeminus
N.vagus
N.glossopharyngeus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has hyperkaliemia and hyponatremia. Reduced secretion of what hormone may cause such changes?
Cortosol
Parathormone
Natriuretic hormone
Aldosterone
Vasopressin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A man’s energy consumption is measured on an empty stomach, in lying position, under conditions of physical psychical rest, at comfortable temperature. At what time will the energy consuption be the lowest?
At 5-6 o’clock p.m.
At 2-4 o’clock p.m.
At 3-4 o’clock a.m.
At 7-8 o’clock a.m.
At 10-12 o’clock a.m.
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient complains of rapid fatigability. Objectively: he staggers and overbalances in the upright position with closed eyes. Skeleton muscular tonus is decreased. What brain structure is most likely to be damaged?
Precentral gyrus of cerebrum cortex
Cerebellum
Basal ganglions
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with chronic glomerulonephritis has disorder of incretoty function of kidneys. What blood elements deficit will result from it?
Erythrocytes and leukocytes
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Leukocytes and thrombocytes
Thrombocytes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In course of an experiment the peripheral segment of vagus nerve of an animal was stimulated. The following changes of heart activity were obseerved:
Increase of frequency and force of heartbeat
Icreased force of heartbeat
Reduced heart rate
Increased excitability of myocardium
Increased conduction of excitement through myocardium
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has hypocalcemia. What hormone deficiency may be it’s cause?
Corticotropin
Aldosterone
Parathormone
Corticoliberin
Thyrocalcitonin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
ESR of a patient with pneumonia is 48 mm/h. What caused such changes?
Erythrocytosis
Hypergammaglobulinemia
Hypogammaglobulinemia
Hypoproteinemia
Hyperalbuminemia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a child who hasn’t got fresh fruit and vegetables during winter revealed numerous subcutaneous hemorrhages, gingivitis, carious cavities in teeth. What vitamin combination should be prescribed in this case?
Folic acid and cobalamin
Calciferol and ascorbic acid
Riboflavin and nicotinamide
Ascorbic acid and rutin
Thiamine and pyridoxine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has increased permeability of blood-vessel walls, increased gingival hemorrhage, small punctate hematomas on his skin, falling of teeth. What disturbance of vitamun metabolism can account for these symptoms?
Hypovitaminosis D
Hypervitaminosis D
Hypovitaminosis C
Hypervitaminosis C
Hypovitaminosis A
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with diabetes mellitus had an insuline injection. It caused loss of consciousness and convulsions. What was the result of biochemic blood analysis on glucose content?
8,0 mmole/l
2,5 mmole/l
5,5 mmole/l
3,3 mmole/l
10 mmole/l
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 6 days old infant revealed phenyl pyruvate and phenyl acetate excess in his urine. What ami-noacid metabolism is disturbed in the child’s organism?
Histidine
Methionine
Tryptophan
Arginine
Phenylalanine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient who is ill with scurvy displays disturbed processes of connective tissue formation that leads to loosening and falling of teeth. Disturbed activity of what enzyme causes these symptomps?
Elastase
Procollagenpeptidase of N-terminal peptide
Glycosiltransferase
Procollagenpeptidase of C-terminal peptide
Lisilhydroxylase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient who suffers from chronic renal insufficiency fell ill with osteoporosis. Disturbed synthesis of what mineral metabolism’s regulator is the cause of osteoporosis?
Cortisol hydroxylation
Formation of 1, 25(OH)2D3
Lysine hydroxylation
Glutamate carboxylation
Proline hydroxylation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cyanide poisoning causes immediate death. What is the mechanism of cyanide effect at the molecular level?
They block succinate dehydrogenase
They inhibit cytochrome B
They bind substrates of tricarboxylic acid cycle
They inhibit cytochromoxidase
They inactivate oxygene
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has the folowing changes: disorder of twilight vision, drying out of conjunctiva and cornea. Such disorders may be caused by deficiency of vitamin:
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B
Vitamin D
‹ Назад
Далі ›
What vitamin deficiency leads to both disorder of reproductive function and di-strophy of skeletal muscles?
Vitamin A
Vitamin K
Vitamin E
Vitamin D
Vitamin B1
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A child has disturbed enamel and dentine formation as a result of decreased content of calcium ions in his blood. What hormone deficiency may cause such changes?
Triiodothyronine
Thyreocalcitonin
Somatotropin
Parathormone
Thyroxin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A chiled was diagnosed with acute renal failure. What biochemic saliva indices can confirm this diagnosis?
Increase of immunoglobuline A
Decreased level of phosphate
Reduction of alkaline phosphatase
Increased level of rest nitrogen
Increase of alpha amylase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A child has disturbed processes of ossification and 'punctate' enamel. What microelement metabolism is disturbed?
Zinc
Chromium
Iron
Copper
Fluorine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
What substance makes saliva viscous and mucous, has protective function, protects mucous membrane of oral cavity from mechanical damage?
Lysozyme
Glucose
Amylase
Kallikrein
Mucin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Parodontitis is accompanied by activation of proteolysis in parodentium tissues. Increase of what oral fluid’s component is the evidence of proteolysis activation?
Cholesterol
Glucose
Aminoacids
Biogenic amines
Organic acids
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of an ill child’s blood revealed inherited hyperlipoproteinemia. Genetic defect of what enzyme synthesis causes this phenomenon?
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Glycosidase
Hemsynthetase
Proteinase
Lipoprotein lipase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 42 year old woman diagnosed with diabetes mellitus was admitted th the endocrinological department with complaints of thirst, excessive appetite. What pathological components are revealed in course of laboratory examination of the patient’s urine?
Protein, aminoacids
Glucose, ketone bodies
Protein, creatine
Bilirubin, urobilin
Blood
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has increased content of uric acid in his blood that is clinically presented by pain syndrome as a result of urate deposition in the joints. What process does this acid result from?
Heme catabolism
Reutilization of purine bases
Lysis of pyrimidine nucleotides
Lysis of purine nucleotides
Proteolysis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A non trained man has usually muscular hypoxy after a sprint. What metabolite accumulates in the muscles as a result of it?
Lactate
-
Ketone bodies
Glucose 6-phosphate
Oxaloacetate
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Myocyte cytoplasm contains a big number of dissolved metabolites of glucose oxidation. Name one of them that turns directly into lactate:
Glucose 6-phosphate
Glycerophosphate
Pyruvate
Oxaloacetate
Fructose 6-phosphate
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient is diagnosed with alkaptonuria. Name a defect enzyme that causes this pathology:
Oxydase of homogentisine acid
Dioxyphenylalanine decarboxylase
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Glutamate dehydrogenase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Chronic overdosage of glucocorticoids leads to the development of hyperglycemia. What process of carbohydrate metabolism is responsible for this effect?
Glycogenolysis
Glycogenesis
Aerobic glycolisis
Pentose-phosphate cycle
Gluconeogenesis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In compliance with the clinical presentations a man was prescribed pyri-doxalphosphate. What processes are corrected by this preparation?
Transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids
Synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases
Protein synthesis
Oxidative decarboxilation of keto acids
Desamination of purine nucleotides
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 2 year old child suffers from intestinal dysbacteriosis that lead to the development hemorrhagic syndrome. The most probable cause of hemorrhage is:
Activation of tissue thromboplastin
Hypocalcemia
Hypovitaminosis PP
Vitamin K deficiency
Fibrinogen deficiency
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Toxic pulmonary edema was reproduced on a laboratory rat by means of ammonium chloride solution. What is the leading pathogenetic factor of this edema?
Disorder of neural and humoral regulation
Increase of lymph outflow
Increase of venous outflow
Decrease of colloid osmotic pressure
Increased permeability of capillars
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 62 year old patient in grave comdition was admitted to the nerologi-cal department on account of cerebral hemorrhage. Objectively: hyperpnoe and rising of respiratory rate, then it falls to apnea, after that the cycle of respiratory movements restores. What respiratory type is it?
Gasping respiration
Kussmaul’s respiration
Biot’s respiration
Apneustic
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The body temperature of a patient with an infectious disease rises once in two days up to 39,5 — 40,50C and stays so for about an hour and then drops to the initial level. What type of fever is it?
Atypical
Intermittent
Hectic
Continued
Remittent
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman after labor lost 20 kg of body weight, her hair and teeth fall out, she has muscle atrophy (hypophysial cachexia). Synthesis of what hypophysis hormone is disturbed?
Corticotrophic
Prolactin
Somatotropic
Thyreotropic
Gonadotropic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Poisoning with mercuric dichloride caused acute renal insufficiency that included 4 stages: 1) the initial one, 2) the stage of oligoanuria, 4) the stage of recovery. What is the third stage of acute renal insufficiency?
Metabolic
Pathochemic
Polyuretic
Ischemic
Hemodynamic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with pneumosclerosis has pulmonary hypertension and cardiac insuffisiency of right ventricle with ascites and edemata. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of edemata development?
Reduction of oncotic blood pressure
Rise of oncotic pressure of intracellular fluid
Rise of hydrostatic blood pressure in veins
-
Increased permeability of vessel walls
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A year after subtotal stomach resection on account of ulcer of lesser curvature the following blood changes were revealed: anemia, leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia, color index -1,3, megaloblasts and megalocytes. What factor deficiency caused the development of thos pathology?
Pepsin
Mucin
Gastrin
Hydrochloride acid
Castle’s factor
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 45 year old patient was taken to the hospital by an emergency team with serious cranial trauma in shock condition. Objectively: unconscious, skin is pale, body t0- 35,00C, low muscular tonus, reflexes are absent, pulse is rapid and weak, AP- 50/30 mm Hg. What clinical shock stage is it?
Excitement stage
Terminal stage
Torpid stage
Erectile stage
Inhibition stage
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After traumatic tooth extraction a patient complains of a severe dull pain without accurate localization in his gum, body temperature rise up to 37,50C. He was diagnosed with alveolitis. What type of pain does the patient have?
Visceral
Protopathic
Epicritic
Phantom
Referred
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 12 year old boy came home from school and started complaining of headache, sickness, chill, periodical muscle pain, appetite loss, flabbiness. What period of illness are these symptoms typical for?
Prodromal
High point of illness
End of illness
Latent
Incubative
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Rabbits lived on food with addition of cholesterol. Five months later the atherosclerotic aorta changes were revealed. Name the main cause of atherogenesis in this case:
-
Hypodynamia
Exogenous hypercholesterolemia
Overeating
Endogenous hypercholesterolemia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with primary nephrotic syndrome has the following content of whole protein: 40 g/l. What factor caused hypoproteinemia?
Increased proteolysis
Reduced protein synthesis in liver
Disturbance of intestinal protein absorption
Transition of protein from vessels to tissues
Proteinuria
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Laboratory rats that have been fed only with carbohydrate food for a long time display water accumulation in the tissues. What pathogenetic mechanism is the main cause of edema in this case?
Lymphogenic
Hyperosmolar
Hypooncotic
Membranogenic
Disregulatory
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with adenoma of glomeral zone of adrenal cortex (Conn’s disease) has arterial hypertension, convulsions, polyuria. What is the main link in pathogenesis of these disorders?
Glucocorticoid hyposecretion
Aldosterone hypersecretion
Aldosterone hyposecretion
Catecholamine hypersecretion
Glucocorticoid hypersecretion
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 30 year old man was exposed to irradiation with about 3 Gy. What blood change will be evident in 8 hours after irradiation?
Thrombocytopenia
Anemy
Leukopenia
Lymphopenia
Granulocytopenia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Four months ago a 43 year old patient had a traumatic amputation of his lower extrimity. Now he complains of sensing the amputated extremity and having constantly grave, sometimes unbearable pain in it. What type of pain does he have?
Neuralgia
Causalgia
Thalamic
Reflex
Phantom
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In crisis period a 14 year old child ill with diphtheria has AP- 70/50 mm Hg accompanied by abrupt fall in temperature and tachycardia. What form of vascular tone disturbance is it?
Acute hypotension
Essential arterial hypotension
Chronic hypotension
-
Vegetovascular dystonia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with jaundice has increased content of conjugated bilirubin and bile acids in blood, no stercobili-nogen in urine. What jaundice are these symptomps typical for?
Cythemolytic
Hepatic
Obstructive
Hepatocellular
Hemolytic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A newborn child ill with pylorostenosis has frequent vomiting accompanied by apathy, weakness, muscular hypertonia, sometimes convulsions. What form of acid-base balance disorder has developed?
Metabolic acidosis
Gaseous acidosis
Nongaseous alkalosis
Excretory acidosis
Gaseous alkalosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 19 year old patient was diagnosed with chronic acquired hemolytic anemia. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of this pathology’s development?
Autoimmune hemolysis
Hyposmolarity of plasm
Intracellular hemolysis
Osmotic hemolysis
Toxic hemolysis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After recovering from epidemic parotiditis a patient began to lose weight, he was permanently thirsty, drank a lot of water, had frequent urination, voracious appetite. Now he has complaints of skin itch, weakness, furunculosis. His blood contains: glucose - 16 mmole/L, ketone bodies - 100 mcmole/L; glucosuria. What disease has developed?
Steroid diabetes
Diabetes insipidus
Malnutrition diabetes
Insulin-independent diabetes
Insulin-dependent diabetes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient fell into the ice hole, was chilled in the wind and taken ill. Body temperature rised up to 39, 70C and fluctuated from 39,00C to 39,80C. Name the type of patient’s temperature profile:
Febris continua
Febris hectica
Febris intermittens
Febris remittens
Febris recurrens
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with chronic myeloleukemia has presentations of anemy - decrease of erythrocyte number and hemoglobin content, oxyphil and polychromatophil normocytes, microcytes. What pathogenetic mechanism is the main for the development of this anemy?
Intravascular erythrocyte hemolysis
Reduction of erythropoietin synthesis
Replacement of erythrocytic shoot
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Chronic hemorrhage
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A diver who has been staying at the depth of 40 m for a long time fell ill with caisson disease as a result of decompression. The main pathogenetic factor is the following embolism:
Air
Fat
Paradoxical
Tissue
Gaseous
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Autopsy of a woman with cerebral atherosclerosis revealed in the left cerebral hemisphere a certain focus that is presented by flabby, anhistic, greyish and yellowish tissue with indistinct edges. What pathological process is the case?
Multiple foci of fresh and old cerebral hemorrhage
Focal encephalitis
Multifocal tumor growth with cystic degeneration
Ischemic stroke
Senile encephalopathy
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Histologic examination revealed a big number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in all layers of appendix; hyperemia, stases. What disease are these symptoms typical for?
Simple appendicitis
Chronic appendicitis
Gangrenous appendicitis
Phlegmonous appendicitis
Superficial appendicitis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Opening of a patient’s abdominal cavity revealed for about 2,0 L of purulent fluid. Peritoneum is dull, greyish, serous tunic of intestines has grayish layers that can be easily removed. It is most likely to be:
Serous peritonitis
Hemorrhagic peritonitis
-
Tuberculous peritonitis
Fibrinopurulent peritonitis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Tissue sample of soft palate arches that was taken because a tumor was suspected ( microscopic analysis revealed an ulcer with dense fundus) revealed mucous membrane necrosis, submucous layer was infiltrated by lymphocytes, epithelioid cells, plasmocytes, solitary neutrophils. There was also evident endovasculitis and perivasculitis. What desease are these changes typical for?
Faucial diphteria
Primary syphilis
Vensan’s ulcerative-necrotic stomatitis
Aphthous stomatitis
Ulcerative stomatitis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Histological examination of thyroid gland of a man who died from cardiac insufficiency accompanied by hypothyroidism revealed diffuse infiltration of the gland by lymphocytes and plasmocytes with formation of lymphoid follicles, as well as atrophy of parenchyma and growth of connective tissue. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Adenoma of thyroid gland
-
Thyrotoxic goiter
Autoimmune Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Purulent thyroiditis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Post-mortem examination of a 5 year old boy who died from acute pulmonary and cardiac insufficiency revealed the following: serohemorrhagic tracheobronchitis with some necrotic areas of mucous membrane, multiple foci of hemorrhagic pneumonia in lungs. What disease is in question?
Influenza
Croupous pneumonia
Diphtheria
Measles
Scarlet fever
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Macroscopic examination of lung tissue revealed some areas of excessive airiness with small bubbles, histological examination registered thinning and rupture of alveolar septa and formation of big multiform cavities. What disease was revealed in the lung?
Fibrosing alveolitis
Chronic bronchitis
Pulmonary emphysema
Multiple bronchiectasis
Cavernous tuberculosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of coronary arteries revealed atherosclerotic plaques with calcification that close tle lumen by 1/3. The muscle contains multiple small whitish layers of connective tissue. What process was revealed in myocardium?
Tiger heart
Diffuse cardiosclerosis
Myocarditis
Myocardium infarction
Postinfarction cardiosclerosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Microscopic analysis of tissue sampling from patient’s skin reveals granulomas that consist of epithelioid cells surrounded mostly by T-lymphocytes. Among epithelioid cells there are solitary giant multinuclear cells of Pirogov-Langhans type. In the centre of some granulomas there are areas of caseous necrosis. Blood vessels are absent. What disease are the described granulomas typical for?
Rhinoscleroma
Tuberculosis
Glanders
Syphilis
Leprosy
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a child who has recently recovered from measles revealed in the soft tissues of cheeks and perineum some inaccurate, edematic, red-and-black, slightly fluctuating areas. What complication is it?
Dry gangrene
Gas gangrene
Pressure sore
Trophic ulcer
Humid gangrene
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a patient who had been suffering from rheumatism for a long time revealed stenosis of mitral orifice, death was caused by cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency. Autopsy has shown brown induration of lungs. What type of circulation disturbance provokes such changes in lungs?
Chronic right ventricular insufficiency
Portal hypertension
Chronic left ventricular insufficiency
Acute left ventricular insufficiency
Acute right ventricular insufficiency
‹ Назад
Далі ›
On the 5th day of illness a 12 year old child who was treated in the infectious department on account of influenza felt severe headache, sickness, dizziness, got meningeal signs. The child died 24 hours later from increasing brain edema. Dissection of cranial cavity revealed that pia maters of brain are edematic, plethoric, saturated diffusively with bright red liquid. Convolutions and sulci of brain are flattened. What influenza complication is in question?
Suppurative leptomeningitis
Venous hyperemia of brain membranes
Hemorrhagic meningitis
Cerebral hemorrhage
Serous meningitis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Morphological examination of carious cavity floor differenciated distinctly three zones: the one of softened dentin, transparent dentin and replacing dentin. What stage of caries are these changes typical for?
Spot stage
Chronic caries
Superficial caries
Median caries
Deep caries
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Mucous membrane of the right palatine tonsil has a painless ulcer with smooth lacquer fundus and accurate edges of cartlaginous consistency. Microscopically: inflammatory infiltrate that consists of lymphocytes, plasmocytes, a small number of neutrophils and epithelioid cells; endovasculistis and perivasculitis. What disease is in question?
Syphilis
Tuberculosis
Actinomycosis
Necrotic (Vincent’s) tonsillitis
Pharyngeal diphtheria
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 22 year woman has enlarged lymphatic ganglions. Histological analysis of a ganglion revealed lymphocytes, histiocytes, reticular cells, small and great Hodgkin’s cells, multinuclear Reed-Sternberg cells, solitary foci of caseous necrosis. What disease are these changes typical for?
Lymphogranulematosis
Lymphosarcoma
Cancer metastasis
Chronic leukemia
Acute leukemia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 57 year old patient has periodic uterine bleedings. Diagnostic endometrectomy was performed. Biopsy material contains among the blood elements some glandular complexes of different sizes and forms that consist of atypic cells with hyperchromic nuclei and multiple mitoses (including pathological ones). What is the most probable diagnosis?
Chorioepithelioma
Glandular hyperplasia of endometrium
Endometritis
Adenocarcinoma
Fibromyoma of uterus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Autopsy of a man who suffered from essential hypertension revealed a cavity with rustcoloured walls in the cerebral substunce. What preceded the appearance of these changes?
Plasmorrhagias
Abscess
Ischemic infarction
Hematoma
Diapedetic hemorrhages
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Autopsy of a man who died from ethylene glycol poisoning revealed that his kidneys are a little bit enlarged, edematic; their capsule can be easily removed. Cortical substance is broad and light-grey. Medullary substance is dark-red. What pathology had this man?
Acute tubular-interstitial nephritis
Acute pyelonephritis
Acute glomerulonephritis
Necrotic nephrosis
Lipoid nephrosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During the histologic lung analysis of a man who died from cardiac insufficiency the inflammation focuses were revealed. Alveoles were full of light-pink fluid, here and there with pinkish fibers that formed a close-meshed reticulum with a small number of lymphocytes. What type of exudate is present in lungs?
Fibrinous
Purulent
Serofibrinous
Serous
Hemorrhagic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 38 year old patient died during intractable attack of bronchial asthma. Histological examination revealed mucus accumulations in bronchi’s lumen, a lot of mast cells (labrocytes) in bronchi’s wall, some of these cells are degranulated, there are also many eosinophils. Name pathogenesis of these changes in bronchi:
Granulematosis
Immune complex mechanism
Atopy, anaphylaxis
Cytotoxic, cytolytic effect of antibodies
Cell-mediated cytolysis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In course of gastric endoscopy the biopsy material of mucous membrane was taken. Its histological examination revealed the following: mucous membrane is intact, thickened, edematic, hyperemic, with small droplike hemorrhages, coated with thick mucus. Name the form of acute gastritis:
Catarrhal
Fibrinous
Purulent
Necrotic
Erosive
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient was taken to the hospital with complaints of headache, high temperature, frequent stool, stomach pain with tenesmus. Doctor made a clinical diagnosis dysentery and sent the material (excrements) to the bacteriological laboratory for analysis. What diagnostic method should the laboratory doctor use to confirm or to disprove the clinical diagnosis?
Bacteriological
Bacterioscopic
Allergic
Serological
Biological
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Bacteriological examination of purulent discharges from urethra revealed some bacteries that had negative Gram’s stain, resembled of coffee corns, decomposed glucose and maltose up to acid. They were located in leukocutes. What disease do they cause?
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Pseudocholera
Venereal lymphogranulomatosis
Soft chancre
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient in the oral surgery department has got purulent complication. Bacteriological analysis of the wound material found a culture that produces cyan pigment. What microorganism is the most probable causative agent?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus vulgaris
Bacillus subtilis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus epidermidis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Sputum smears of a patient with chronic pulmonary disease were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen method and analyzed in the bacteriological laboratory. Microscopy revealed red bacillus. What property of tuberculosis myobacteria was found?
Alcohol resistance
Acid resistance
Alkali resistance
Encapsulation
Spore-formation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 7 year old girl was taken to an infectious diseases hospital. She had complaints of high temperature, sore throat, general weakness. A doctor assumed dyphteria. What will be crucial proof of diagnosis after defining pure culture of pathogenic organism?
Hemolytic ability of pathogenic orhani-sm
Detection of volutine granules
Toxigenity test
Phagolysability
Cystinase test
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Immune-enzyme reaction revealed in blood serum HBs-antigene. What disease is this antigene associated with?
AIDS
Viral hepatitis type A
Viral hepatitis type B
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Professional dentists belong to the risk group concerning professional infection with viral hepatitis type B. Name an effective method for active prevention of this disease among the dentists:
Introduction of interferonogenes
Secure sterilization of medical instruments
Working with gum gloves on
Introduction of specific immunoglobuli-ne
Vaccination with recombinant vaccine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Microscopic analysis of tissue sampling from affected area of mucous membrane of oral cavity revealed bacillus in form of accumulations that looked like a pack of cigarettes. Ziehl-Neelsen staining gives them red colour. What kind of pathogenic organism was most likely revealed in tissue sampling?
A.israilii
M.avium
M.tuberculosis
M.leprae
A.bovis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with clinical presentations of primary immunodeficiency displays disturbance of antigen-presenting function by immunocompetent cells. What cells may have structure defect?
T-lymphocytes
Fibroblasts
0- lymphocytes
Macrophages, monocytes
B-lymphocytes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A doctor examined a patient with recurrent aphthous stomatitis with concominant candidosis and decided to eliminate a possibility of HIV-infection. What examination can help to clear the situation up and make a provisional diagnosis?
Reaction of hemagglutination inhibition
Phase-contrasr microscopy
Reaction of hemagglutination
Gel precipitation reaction
Immune-enzyme analysis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
On the territory of a certain region the mass death of rodents was observed. It was assumed that it may be caused by plague agent. What serological reaction should be applied for quick determination of antigene of this epizootic agent?
Agglutination reaction
Precipitation reaction
Bordet-Gengou test
Reaction of passive hemagglutination
Neutralization reaction
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 10 year old child was subjected to Mantoux test (with tuberculine). 48 hours later a papule up to 8 mm in diameter appeared on the site of tuberculine injection. What type of hyperesponsiveness reaction has developed after tuberculine injection?
Reaction of Arthus phenomenon type
Hyperresponsiveness reaction type IV
Hyperresponsiveness reaction type II
Reaction of serum sickness type
Atopic reaction
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During many infectious diseases patient’s blood may contain antigenes of pathogens. What reaction should be applied provided that antigenemia is at a low level?
Reaction of indirect hemagglutination
Agglutination reaction
Reaction of latex-agglutination
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Immunoelectrophoresis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 58 year old patient was being prepared to cholecystectomy operation. Drug complex of narcosis pemedicati-on included benzohexamethonium. What part does this medication play in the narcosis?
Relaxation of smooth muscles
Relaxation of skeletal muscles
Reduction of excitement stage
Increase of retrograde amnesia
Functional blockade of visceral reflexes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In an excitable cell the ion channells were blocked. It hasn’t changed essentially the value of rest potential, but the cell lost its ability to generate AP (action potential). What channels were blocked?
Potassium
Calcium
Natrium
Chloric
Natrium and potassium
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 25 year old patient had in the dentist’s room a sudden attack of bronchial asthma. The doctor gave him salbutamol in the form of inhalation. What is the mechanism of action of this preparation?
Blocks Hi-histamine receptors
Stimulates ^-adrenoreceptors
Stimulates 3v-adrenoreceptors
Blocks phosphodiesterase
Blocks M-cholinergic receptors
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 30 year old patient who was taken to the hospital with diagnosis acute glomerulonephritis has proteinuria. What disorder caused this occurance?
Delayed excretion of nitrogen metabolism products
Increased permeability of renal filter
Decreased number of functioning nephrons
Decreased oncotic pressure of blood plasma
Increase of hydrostatic blood pressure in capillaries
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During the ether narcosis a patient had evident bradycardia with threat of cardiac arrest. What medication should be used to accelerate heartbeat under condition of narcosis that shouldn’t be interrupted?
Atropine
Isadrine
Caffeine
Adrenaline
Camphor
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with stomatitis was prescribed a medication of sulfanamide group. What is the mechanism of its antibacterial effect?
Synthesis disturbance of cell membrane proteins
Competitive antagonism with para-aminobenzoic acid
Decrease of membrane permeability
Inhibition of sulfhydric groups of thiol enzymes
Protein coagulation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
While the examination of patient’s oral cavity the dentist found xerostomia, numerous erosions. What vitamin deficit caused this effect?
Vitamin A
Vitamin PP
Vitamin P
Vitamin H
Vitamin K
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An unconscious patient was admitted to the hospital. Objectively: cold skin, miotic pupils, heavy breathing, Chaine-Stokes’ periodicity, low arterial pressure, overfull urinary bladder. What caused the poisoning?
Muscarinic receptor blockers
-
Nonnarcotic analgetics
Narcotic analgetics
Tranquilizers
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 30 year old patient consulted a doctor about having diarrhea and stomach aches for 5 days, temperature rise up to 37,50C with chills. The day before the patient was in a forest and drank some water from an open pond. He was diagnosed with amebic dysentery that was bacteriologically confirmed. Name the medication for treatment of this disease:
Emethine hydrochloride
Metronidazole
Phthalazole
Furasolidone
Chloramphenicol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A surgeon cleansed his hands with 70% solution of ethyl alcochol before an operation. What is the main mechanism of preparation’s antiseptic effect upon microorganisms?
Interaction with hydroxyl enzyme groups
Blockade of sulfhydric groups of enzyme systems
Dehydratation of protoplasm proteins
Interaction with aminogroups of protoplasm proteins
Oxidation of organic protoplasm components
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Formaldehyde solution was applied for desinfection of nonmetallic instruments of surgical department. What chemical series does this antiseptic preparation belong to?
Detergents
Alcochols
Aliphatic series
Halogenated compaunds
Aromatic series
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with acute condition of duodenal ulcer was admitted to the hospital. Gastric juice analysis has shown increase of secretory and acid-producing function of stomach. Choose a medication that will reduce secretory function due to blockade of H2-receptors:
Platyphyllin
Atropine
Ranitidine
Beladonna bell extraction
Methacin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A stomatologists examined first-grade pupils and revealed that one of children had yellowish brown teeth, two of them were split. Heretofore the pupil was treated with 'some pills' on account of pneumonia. What medication could have had such a negative effect upon teeth?
Oxacillin
Erythromycin
Ampicillin
Biseptol
Doxycycline
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In course of an experiment the peripheral fragment of a cut vagus nerve on the dog’s neck was being stimulated. There was the following change of cardiac activity:
Increase of beat frequency and force
Increase of beat force
Increase of myocardium excitability
Increased speed of excitement conduction through myocardium
Decrease of beat frequency
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Name the drug group that can reduce need of myocardium for oxygene, decrease force of heartbeat and inhibit li-polysis:
^-adrenoceptor agonists
^-adrenoceptor blockers
Sympatholytics
3-adrenoceptor blockers
Selective 3-adrenoceptor agonists
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with thyreotoxicosis was prescribed a medication that inhibits enzyme systems taking part in synthesis of thyroid gland hormones. What medication is it?
Diiodotyrosine
Potassium iodide
Thyreoidine
Radioactive iodine
Mercazolile
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with tuberculosis was prescribed a certain medication as a part of complex therapy derivative of isonicotinic acid hydrazide. Name this preparation:
Rifampicin
Kanamycin
Streptomycin sulfate
Isoniazide
Cephaloridine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After a surgical procedure a patient has got an enteroparesis. What anticholinesterase medication should be prescribed in this case?
Acetylcholine
Carbacholine
Pilocarpine
Aceclidine
Proserin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has a slowly healing fracture. What medcine can be used to accelerate formation of connective tissue matrix?
Methotrexate
Prednisolone
Methyluracil
Cyclosporine
Cyclophosphan
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Removal of a foreign body from patient’s eye involves local anesthesia with lidocaine. What is the action mechanism of this medication?
It inhibits cytochrome oxidase activity
It disturbs passing of Na+ through the membrane
It blocks passing of nitric oxide
It reduces passage of neuromediators
It reduces dehydrogenase activity
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with myocardium infarction was prescribed an analgetic in order to stop pain syndrome. The patient felt better but overdose caused weakness, myosis, respiratory depression. What medication was prescribed?
Sedalgine
Morphine
Ibuprofen
Paracetamol
Baralgine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient complains of painful cracks in mouth angles. What sulfanilamide can be recommended for local treatment of angular stomatitis?
Synthomycine liniment
Prednisolone ointment
Streptocide liniment
Butadione ointment
Tetracycline ointment
‹ Назад
Далі ›
What antihelmintic medication is used for stimulation of immune system in case of chronic generalized periodontitis?
Pyranthel
Levamisole
Pumpkin seeds
Piperidine adipinate
Chloxil
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has acute cardiac insufficiency resulting from essential hypertension. What medication will be the most appropriate in this case?
Caffeine
Cardiovalen
Digoxin
Corglycone
Cordiamin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient was operated on account of abdominal injury with application of tubocurarin. At the end of operation, after the respiration had been restored, the patient got injection of gentamicin. It caused a sudden respiratory standstill and relaxation of skeletal muscles. What effect underlies this phenomenon?
Habituation
Cumulation
Potentiation
Sensitization
Antagonism
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has an acute painfullness of face skin. What nerve is damaged?
Glossopharyngeal
Oculomotor
Facial
Vagus
Trifacial
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 3 year old child was admitted to the hospital with otitis. Pus is probable to spread from the tympanic cavity. Where can the pus get into?
Into posterior cranial fossa
Into external acoustic duct
Into mastoid antrum
Into auditory tube
Into internal ear
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient had his tooth extracted. The lingual surface of this tooth was smaller than the buccal one. Masti-catoty surface has oval form. Deep transverse sulcus separates buccal and lingual tubercles. The root is strongly compressed in mesio-distal direction and has longitudinal sulci on its aproximal surfaces, it is bifurcated. What tooth was extracted?
First upper premolar
Second upper premolar
First lower premolar
Lower canine
Upper canine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 16 year old boy revealed enlarged submandibular and cervical lymph nodes. The boy was subjected to biopsy. Microscopic examination of lymph nodes revealed: typical structure is obliterated, cell population is heterogenous, there are big cells with multilobe nuclei, multiple big mononuclear cells, eosinophilic and neutrophilic leukocytes, lymphocytes, besides that, there are necrotic areas and foci of sclerosis. What is the most probable diagnosis?
lymphogranulomatosis
Granulomatous lymphadenitis
Suppurative lymphadenitis
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Lymph node hyperplasia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with streptococcal gingival infection was prescribed a medication that contains beta lactam ring in its structure. What preparation belongs to this group?
Rifampicin
Chloramphenicol
Streptomicin sulfate
Erythromycin
Benzylpenicillin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200