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Microscopic analysis of human heart cells revealed some oval oganellas, their tunic being formed by two membranes: the external one is smooth, and the internal one forms crista. Biochemical analysis determined the presence of ATP-synthetase enzyme. What organellas were analysed?
Ribosomes
Centrosomes
Lysosomes
Mitochondrions
Endoplasmic reticulum
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A woman with ischemic heard disease has been taking an antianginal medication that has the following properties: dilates coronary arteries, peripheral vessels (arterial and venous), reduces the need of myocardium in oxygen, improves endocardial blood circulation. Name this preparation:
Dibasol
Papaverine
Aminophylline
Validol
Nitroglycerin
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In the vermiform appendix there was found a white helminth, 40 mm long with thin filiform forward end. Ecscrements contained oval eggs with plugs at the poles. Determine the kind of helminth:
Seatworm
Threadworm
Ascarid
Hookworm
Whipworm
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Medical examination of some youths revealed in their axillary regions grey insects 1,0-1,5 mm large, with short broad body covered with hair. What insects were revealed?
Head louse
Bed bug
Flea
Pubic louse
Itch mite
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There are trisome, translocational and mosaic forms of Down’s Syndrome. What method of human genetics can be applied to differentiate the said forms of Down’s syndrome?
Genealogical
Biochemical
Gemellary
Cytogenetical
Population-statistical
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Very big teeth is an Y-linked sign. Mother’s teeth are of normal size, and her son’s teeth are very big. Probability of father’s having very large teeth is:
25 %
75 %
50 %
100%
12,5%
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An 8 month old child has non-closed palate, a number of eye defects, microcephaly, disorder of cardiovascular system. Cytogenetic analysis revealed 47 chromosomes with an additional 13th chromosome. What diagnosis can be made on the basis of clinical observations and cytogenetic examinations?
Edwards’ syndrome
Patau’s syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Down’s syndrome
Cat cry syndrome
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A patient with suspected liver abscess was admitted to the surgical department. The patient had been staying for a long time on business in one of african countries and fell repeatedly ill with acute gastrointestinal disorders. What protozoal disease may the patient be now ill with?
Leishmaniasis
Amebiasis
Malaria
Toxoplasmosis
Trypanosomosis
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Examination of a 7 year old child revealed the following symptoms: small height, broad roundish face, closely placed eyes with narrow palpebral fissures, half-open mouth. Valvular defect has been also diagnosed. These clinical presentations are most likely typical for Down’s syndrome. Name the cause of such pathology:
Partial monosomy
Trisomy of the 13 chromosome
Nondisjunction of sexual chromosomes
Trisomy of the 21 chromosome
X-chromosome trisonomy
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A group of students has representati- ves of different races. One of the students has straight black hair and overhanging skin fold of superior eyelid - epi-canthus. What race does this student most probably represent?
Negroid
Europeoid
Mongoloid
Australoid
Ethiopian
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Examination of a pregnant woman who has been taking alcohol revealed di-turbed anlage of ectoderma during the fetal life. What derivatives of this leaf have defects?
Bowels epithelium
Kidneys
Neural tube
Sexual glands
Liver
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In a genetical laboratory in course of work with DNA molecules of white rats of Wistar’s line a nucleotide was substituted for another one. At that only one amino acid was substituded in the peptide. This result is caused by the following mutation:
Displacement of reading frame
Translocation
Transversion
Duplication
Deletion
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Father bought some pork at the market. What disease may catch members of his family provided that this meat didn’t pass the veterinary control?
Liver fluke infection
Pork tapeworm infection
Beef tapeworm infection
Echinococcosis
Hymenolepiasis
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During the postsynthetic period of mitotic cycle the synthesis of tubulin proteins was disturbed. These proteins take part in construction of division spindle. It can lead to the disturbance of:
Despiralization of chromosomes
Mitosis duration
Cytokinesis
Chromosomes’ disjunction
Spiralization of chromosomes
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A newborn child has microcephalia. Doctors consider that this is the result of mother’s taking actinomycin D during the pregnancy. What embryonal leaf was influenced by this teratogen?
Entoderma
Entoderma and mesoderma
Ectoderma
All leaves
Mesoderma
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It is known that the information about amino acids sequence in a protein molecule is coded in form of a sequence of four nucleotide types in a DNA molecule, different aminoacids being coded with different quantity of triplets - from one to six. How is such peculiarity of genetic code called?
Nonoverlayability
Triplety
Versatility
Specificity
Degeneracy
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There is a 9 year old boy in endocrinological department, who has already had a few fractures of extremeties caused by fragility of bones. Malfunction of what endocrinous glands (gland) takes place?
Thyroid gland
Adrenal glands
Epiphysis
Thymus
Parathyroid glands
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To approach the thyroid gland from the transverse (collar) approach the suprasternal fascial space must be opened. What anatomical formation located in this space is dangerous to damage?
Internal jugular vein
Venous jugular arch
Lymph nodes
Subclavian artery
Carotid artery
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A 24 year old patient consulted a doctor about pain below the lower jaw to the right of it. Dental surgeon found a stone in the submandibular gland. While removing it he prevented bleeding from the following artery:
A.submentalis
A.facialis
A.labialis inferior
A.lingualis
A.alveolaris inferior
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A 28 year old man with cut wound of frontal skin was admitted to the hospital. A vessel that supplies blood to the frontal part of head was ligated in order to stop bleeding. What vessel was ligated?
A.temporalis superf icialis
A.dorsalis nasi
A.supraorbitalis
A.infraorbitalis
A.angularis
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A patient complains of headache, heavy breathing. X-ray examination confirmed the diagnosis frontitis. What nasal meatus may contain purulent discharge?
Middle
Inferior
Superior
Above the superior nasal concha
Common
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A 28 year old patient was diagnosed with acute inflammation of mucous membrane of nasolacrimal duct. It is known from the anamnesis that he had been having nasal discharges for 10 days after recovering from influenza. From what part of nasal cavity could the infection penetrate into nasolacrimal duct?
Frontal sinus
Inferior nasal meatus
Vestibule of nose
Superior nasal meatus
Middle nasal meatus
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An eye trauma caused soft tissues infection of eye-socket. Through what anatomical formation can the infection penetrate into the middle cranial fossa?
Through the anterior ethmoidal foramen
Through the inferior orbital fissure
Through the posterior ethmoidal foramen
Through the zygomatic orbital foramen
Through the superior orbital fissure
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When a patient puts his tongue out the tip of it deflects to the left. Motor innervation of what cranial nerve is disturbed in this case?
N.facialis sinister
N.hypoglossus dexter
N.glossopharyngeus dexter
N.trigeminus sinister
N.vagus dexter
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A mother consulted the doctor about her one year old child, who has got six teeth come out. How many teeth should the child of such age have?
8
12
6
7
10
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Trauma of occipital region of head resulted in crack fracture in the region of transverse sinus. What part of occipital bone is damaged?
Left lateral
Right lateral
Squama
Condyle
Proximal
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A surgeon is going to take lympha from patient’s thoracic duct in the point of its flowing into venous channel. Where exactly a cannula should be inserted?
Point of formation of portal vein
Right venous angle
Point of formation of superior vena cava
Point of formation of inferior vena cava
Left venous angle
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A 69 year old patient has got an abscess of frontal lobe as a result of purulent infection in nasal cavity. What anatomical formation did the infection penetrate through?
Foramen sphenopalatinum
Foramen ethmoidalae posterior
Foramen ovale
Foramen rotundum
Foraminae cribrosae
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A patient displays abnormal retrodeviation of his lower jaw as a result of trauma in the region of mandibular coronal process. What muscle is most likely to be damaged?
M.temporalis
M.pterygoideus medialis
M.levator anguli oris
M.pterygoideus lateralis
M.masseter
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A patient has disorder of tear flow after a cold. What autonomic ganglion had been most damaged?
Sublingual
Pterygopalatine
Ciliated
Aural
Submandibular
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A 58 year old woman had her uterus and all appendages completely removed. It resulted in stoppage of urine excretion. Cystoscopy results: bladder doesn’t contain any urine, urine doesn’t come also from ureteric orifices. What part of urinary excretion system was damaged during the operation?
Ureter
Ren
Vesica urinaria
Pelvis renalis
Uretra
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Examination of a 32 year old patient revealed disproportional skeleton size, enlargement of superciliary arches, nose, lips, tongue, jaw bones, feet. What gland’s function was disturbed?
Suprarenal
Hypophysis
Epiphysis
Thyroid
Pancreas
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A patient suffers from middle ear inflammation (otitis). He complains also of disordered test sensation in the anterior tongue part. What nerve is damaged?
N.vagus
N.trigeminus
N.glossopharyngeus
N.facialis
N.vestibulo — cochlearis
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A surgeon should reach the omental bursa to perform an operation on abdominal cavity. How can he reach this part of peritoneal cavity without affecting the integrity of lesser omentum?
Through the left paracolic sulcus
Through the epiploic foramen
Through the left mesenteric sinus
Through the right paracolic sulcus
Through the right mesenteric sinus
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A 5 year old child suffers from the neck deformity. Clinical examination revealed such symptoms: apparent flexion of head to the left, his face is turned right, passive movements of the head to the right are restricted. What muscle’s development was disturbed in this case?
Splenius muscle of head
Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Long muscle of head
Sternosublingual
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A patient has difficulties with jaw joining when he is chewing. There is partial atrophy of masticatory muscles situated below the zygomatic arch. What nerve branches do these muscles innervate?
Nn.alveolares superiores
N.mandibularis
N.maxillaris
N.alveolaris inferior
N.infraorbitalis
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A boxer who got a punch in the region of temporomandibular joint has a traumatic dislocation of mandible. Displacement of what articular surfaces will overstep the limits of physiological norm?
Coronoid process and submandibular fossa
Head of mandible and submandibular fossa
Coronoid process and pterygoid fossa
Neck of mandible and submandibular fossa
Head of mandible and mandibular fossa
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A patient’s middle ear inflammation was complicated by mastoiditis. There was a threat of purulent thrombosis of the nearest venous sinus. What sinus was under the threat?
Inferior petrosal
Rectus
Sigmoid
Superior saggital
Transverse
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On examination of a road accident victim a doctor revealed left clavicle fracture and disturbed blood circulation in an extremity (no pulsing of radial artery). What cause of blood circulation disturbance is the most probable?
Compression of subclavian artery
Compression of axillary vein
Compression of axillary artery
Compression of subclavian vein
Compression of vertebral artery
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A 60 year old patient has problems with formation and moving of food mass, it disturbs eating process. His tongue is stiff, speaking is impossible. What nerve is damaged?
V
IX
XI
VII
XII
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A woman in grave condition was admitted to a hospital with the diagnosis of the hemorrhagic stroke in the region of frontal part of the right cerebral hemisphere. The damage of what artery most likely caused this condition?
A .communicans posterior
A.cerebri media
A.communicans anterior
A.cerebri posterior
A.cerebri anterior
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A 17 year old student pressed out a pustule in the medial angle of eye. In 2 days she was taken to the institute of neurosurgery with thrombosis of cavernous sinus. Through what vein did the infection get into this sinus?
V.profunda faciei
V.maxillaris
V.diploicae frontalis
V.angularis
V.transversa faciei
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A 35 year old patient came to the admission department with complaints of pain and edema in the region of floor of oral cavity. After examination he was diagnosed with inflammation in the region of excretory duct of submandibular gland. Where does this duct open into?
Plica fimbriata
Foramen caecum linguae
Recesus gingivalis
Vestibulum oris
Caruncula sublingualis
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Examination of a patient who was exposed to the ionizing radiation revealed damage of wight pulp. What cells of white pulp undergo pathological changes?
Basophilic leukocytes
Tissue basophils
Neutrophilic leukocytes
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
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A patient had a trauma that led to the injury of front spinal roots. Denote the damaged structures:
Axons of motoneurons and lateral horn neurons
Central processes of spinal ganglion neurons
Axons of motoneurons
Peripheral processes of spinal ganglion neurons
Axons of lateral horn neurons
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A patient with an acute rhinitis has hyperemia and excessive mucus formation in nasal cavity. What epithelial cells of mucous membrane have the intensified activity?
Basal cells
Goblet cells
Endocrine cells
Ciliated cells
Microvillous cells
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As a result of head trauma a 32 year old man has damaged ampullas of semicircular ducts. What stimuli perception will be disturbed?
Vibration and gravitation
Vibration
Angular acceleration
Linear acceleration
Gravitation
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Morphological examination revealed in histological specimen of biopsy material an irregularshaped vessel. Its middle membrane is formed by bundles of smooth myocytes and layers of connective tissue. What type of vessel is it?
Vein of muscular type
Artery uf muscular type
Venule
Lymphatic vessel
Arteriole
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An electronic micrograph presents a cell that has no nucleole and nuclear membrane. Chromosomes has free position, centrioles migrate to the poles. What phase of cell cycle is it typical for?
Telophase
Prophase
Anaphase
Interphase
Metaphase
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The symptoms of regeneration process (callus) on the place of fracture were revealed in the histologic specimen of tubular bone. What tissue forms this structure?
Epithelial tissue
Reticular tissue
Loose connective tissue
Fibrous bone tissue
Lamellar bone tissue
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A chemical burn of esophagus caused it’s local constriction as a result of scar formation. What cells of loose connective tissue take part in scar formation?
Immature nonspecialized fibroblasts
Fibrocytes
Mature specialized fibroblasts
Miofibroblasts
Fibroclasts
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A woman has hyperemic ovary, increased permeability of hematofolli-cular barrier with the following development of edema, infiltration of follicle wall by segmentonuclear leukocytes. The follicle volume is large, its wall is thinned. What period of sexual cycle do these presentations correspond with?
Postmenstrual period
Ovulation
Preovulatory stage
Period of relative rest
Menstrual period
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Premature infants have syndrom of respiratory failure. Failure of what aerohematic barriere component underlies this pathology?
Surfactant
Capillary endothelium
Alveolocytes
Basal membrane of alveolocytes
Basal membrane of endothelium
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Histological examination in the area of neck of fundus gland reveals small cells that have high nuclear-cytoplasmatic ratio and basophilic cytoplasm. Name the function of these cells:
Protective
Regeneration of glandular epithelium
Pepsinogen secretion
Endocrine
Secretion of chlorine ions
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Histological examination of trasverse enamel slice revealed linear banding in form of concentric circles that is pointing at an angle to the dentinoenamel junction. Name these structures:
Enamel plates
Enamel spindles
Enamel fascicles
Retsius’ lines
Hunter-Schreger’s lines
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Retrospective diagnostics of old bacillary dysentery required serologic examination of blood serum in order to determine blood titer to the shigells. What reaction should be applied for this purpose?
Precipitation reaction
Reaction of passive hemagglutination
Bacteriolysis reaction
Hemolysis reaction
Bordet-Gengou test
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Microspecimen of a child’s finger skin reveals subnormal development of epidermis. What embryonic leaf was damaged in course of development?
Mesenchyma
Ectomesenchyma
Ectoderm
Entoderm
Mesoderm
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The influence of negative factors upon an organism results in the thymus change that is accompanied by mass loss of thymocytes, their drive out to the peripheral organs, proliferation of epitheli-oreticulocytes. How is this phenomemon called?
Thymus atrophy
Accidental thymus involution
Age thymus involition
Thymus hypotrophy
Thymus distrophy
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Histological specimen of an oral cavity organ shows that anterior surface is lined with multilayer flat non-keratinizing epithelium and posterior surface - with multirow ciliated epithelium. What organ is it?
Hard palate
Soft palate
Gum
Cheek
Lip
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In course of embryogenesis maxillary and mandibular processes grew together with a delay. What development anomalies should be expected in this case?
Cleft of superior lip
Macrostomia
Cleft palate
Microstomia
Gothic palate
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Examination of a 42 year old patient who suffers from parodontosis revealed roundish calcified formations 2-3 mm in diameter in coronal pulp. Name these formatioms:
Sclerosed (transparent) dentin
Interglobular spaces
Intertubular dentin
Dead dentin
Denticles
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Electron micrograph of a kidney fragment presents an afferent arteriole with big cells under endothelium. These cells contain secretory granules. Name this type of cells:
Interstitial
Mesangial
Juxtaglomerular
Smooth muscular
Juxtavascular
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A child damaged the lateral surface of his tongue. What lingual papillas are most likely to be damged?
Conic
Vallate
Foliate
Filiform
Fungiform
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By producing a number of hormones placenta plays a part of temporary endocrine gland. What hormone may be detected in woman’s blood on the third or the forth day after begin of implantation, that is used in medicine for early pregnancy detection?
Oxytocin
Chorionic gonadotropin
Progesterone
Vasopressin
Somatostatin
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In a histological specimen of adrenal cortex there are petite polygonal cells that form roundish clusters and contain some lipidic inclusions. What part of adrenal is presented in this histological specimen?
Reticular zone
Fasciolar zone
-
Glomerular zone
Intermedial zone
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Implantation process has two stages: adhesion and invasion. Morphological manifestation of blastocyte adhesion is:
Destruction of endometrium vessels
Formation of lacunes
Destruction of connective tissue of endometrium
Destruction of endometrium epithelium
Attachment of blastocyte to the endometrium
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While a 24 year old woman was waiting for tooth extraction, tonus of sympathetic part of autonomic nervous system rose. What reaction will the patient display?
Miotic pupils
Increased frequency of heartbeat
Hyperperistalsis
Bronchus constriction
Hypersecretion of digestive juices
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If a mountain-climber stays in the mountains for a long time, quantity of erythrocytes increases from 5,0 • l012/l to 6,0 • 1012/l. What causes stimulation of erythropoesis?
Decrease of p O2 in arterial blood
Increase of p O2 in arterial blood
Increase of p O2 in venous blood
Increase of p O2 in cells
Decrease of p O2 in venous blood
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An experimentator wants a dog to develop conditioned salivary reflex. What conditioned stimulus will be appropriate to use?
Zwieback
Meat
Electric current
Very loud sound
Moderately loud sound
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A man has trauma of greater pectoral muscle. What index’ decrease will it cause?
Respiratory volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
Functional residual lung capacity
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A month after surgical constriction of rabbit’s renal artery the considerable increase of systematic arterial pressure was observed. What of the following regulation mechanisms caused the animal’s pressure change?
Vasopressin
Angiotensin-II
Adrenaline
Serotonin
Noradrenaline
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Rate of excitement conduction was studied on different sites of an isolated heart. Where was the lowest rate registered?
In ventricle’s myocardium
In atria’s myocardium
In Purkinje’s fibers
In His’ bundle
In atrioventricular node
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While passing an exam a student gets dry mouth. It is caused by realization of such reflexes:
Conditioned and unconditioned sympathetic
Conditioned parasympathetic
Unconditioned parasympathetic
Conditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned sympathetic and parasympathetic
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A patient has been taking glucocorticoids for a long time. Drug withdrowal caused acute attack of his disease, blood pressure reduction, weakness. What are these occurences connected with?
Sensibilisation
Adrenal glands insufficiency
Cumulation
Drug habituation
Hyperproduction of corticotroph hormone
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A sportsman was examined after an intensive physical activity. The examination revealed disorder of movement coordination but the force of muscle contractions remained the same. It can be explained by retarded speed of excitement conduction through:
Neuromuscular synapses
Efferent nerves
Conduction tracts
Afferent nerves
Central synapses
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Cerebral hemorrhage caused serious disturbance of taste sensibility. What brain structure is most likely to be damged?
Hypothalamus
Amygdaloid body
Hippocampus
Postcentral gyrus
Substantia nigra
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A man lost consciousness in a car with running engine where he had been waiting for a friend for a long time. What hemoglobin compaund can be found in the blood of the patient?
Carboxyhemoglobin
Oxyhemoglobin
Methemoglobin
Carbhemoglobin
Deoxyhemoglobin
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A patient has the sudden decrease of Ca2+ content in blood. What hormone secretion will increase?
Aldosterone
Somatotropin
Vasopressin
Thyrocalcitonin
Parathormone
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It is required to set an experiment on an isolated excitable cell and to achieve increase of membrane rest potential (hyperpolarization). What ion channels should be activated to achieve such a result?
Potassium
Potassium and sodium
Sodium and calcium
Sodium
Calcium
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A man has considerable disorder of protein, fat and carbohydrate digestion. Reduced secretion of what digestive juice is the most probable cause of this phenomenon?
Pancreatic juice
Intestinal juice
Bile
Gastric juice
Saliva
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During phonocardiogram registration it was ascertained that the duration of the first heart sound twice exceeds the norm. It is most likely that patient has the following organ affected:
Cardiomyocytes of ventricles
Semilunar valves
Cardiomyocytes of heart atriums
Atrioventricular valves
Cardiomyocytes of atriums
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In the course of an experiment a nerve is being stimulated by electric impulses. It leads to excretion of some quantity of thick viscous saliva by sublingual and submandibular glands. What nerve is being stimulated?
N.vagus
N.glossopharyngeus
N.trigeminus
N.facialis
N.sympathicus
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A patient has hyperkaliemia and hyponatremia. Reduced secretion of what hormone may cause such changes?
Aldosterone
Cortosol
Vasopressin
Parathormone
Natriuretic hormone
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A man’s energy consumption is measured on an empty stomach, in lying position, under conditions of physical psychical rest, at comfortable temperature. At what time will the energy consuption be the lowest?
At 3-4 o’clock a.m.
At 5-6 o’clock p.m.
At 10-12 o’clock a.m.
At 2-4 o’clock p.m.
At 7-8 o’clock a.m.
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A patient complains of rapid fatigability. Objectively: he staggers and overbalances in the upright position with closed eyes. Skeleton muscular tonus is decreased. What brain structure is most likely to be damaged?
Basal ganglions
Thalamus
Cerebellum
Precentral gyrus of cerebrum cortex
Hypothalamus
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A patient with chronic glomerulonephritis has disorder of incretoty function of kidneys. What blood elements deficit will result from it?
Thrombocytes
Erythrocytes and leukocytes
Leukocytes and thrombocytes
Leukocytes
Erythrocytes
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In course of an experiment the peripheral segment of vagus nerve of an animal was stimulated. The following changes of heart activity were obseerved:
Reduced heart rate
Increase of frequency and force of heartbeat
Increased conduction of excitement through myocardium
Increased excitability of myocardium
Icreased force of heartbeat
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A patient has hypocalcemia. What hormone deficiency may be it’s cause?
Corticotropin
Corticoliberin
Aldosterone
Thyrocalcitonin
Parathormone
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ESR of a patient with pneumonia is 48 mm/h. What caused such changes?
Erythrocytosis
Hypergammaglobulinemia
Hypoproteinemia
Hypogammaglobulinemia
Hyperalbuminemia
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Examination of a child who hasn’t got fresh fruit and vegetables during winter revealed numerous subcutaneous hemorrhages, gingivitis, carious cavities in teeth. What vitamin combination should be prescribed in this case?
Thiamine and pyridoxine
Calciferol and ascorbic acid
Folic acid and cobalamin
Riboflavin and nicotinamide
Ascorbic acid and rutin
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A patient has increased permeability of blood-vessel walls, increased gingival hemorrhage, small punctate hematomas on his skin, falling of teeth. What disturbance of vitamun metabolism can account for these symptoms?
Hypervitaminosis C
Hypovitaminosis D
Hypervitaminosis D
Hypovitaminosis C
Hypovitaminosis A
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A patient with diabetes mellitus had an insuline injection. It caused loss of consciousness and convulsions. What was the result of biochemic blood analysis on glucose content?
8,0 mmole/l
2,5 mmole/l
5,5 mmole/l
3,3 mmole/l
10 mmole/l
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Examination of a 6 days old infant revealed phenyl pyruvate and phenyl acetate excess in his urine. What ami-noacid metabolism is disturbed in the child’s organism?
Phenylalanine
Histidine
Tryptophan
Arginine
Methionine
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A patient who is ill with scurvy displays disturbed processes of connective tissue formation that leads to loosening and falling of teeth. Disturbed activity of what enzyme causes these symptomps?
Elastase
Procollagenpeptidase of N-terminal peptide
Procollagenpeptidase of C-terminal peptide
Lisilhydroxylase
Glycosiltransferase
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A patient who suffers from chronic renal insufficiency fell ill with osteoporosis. Disturbed synthesis of what mineral metabolism’s regulator is the cause of osteoporosis?
Proline hydroxylation
Formation of 1, 25(OH)2D3
Lysine hydroxylation
Glutamate carboxylation
Cortisol hydroxylation
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Cyanide poisoning causes immediate death. What is the mechanism of cyanide effect at the molecular level?
They inhibit cytochrome B
They inhibit cytochromoxidase
They block succinate dehydrogenase
They inactivate oxygene
They bind substrates of tricarboxylic acid cycle
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A patient has the folowing changes: disorder of twilight vision, drying out of conjunctiva and cornea. Such disorders may be caused by deficiency of vitamin:
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin A
Vitamin B
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What vitamin deficiency leads to both disorder of reproductive function and di-strophy of skeletal muscles?
Vitamin A
Vitamin K
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin B1
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A child has disturbed enamel and dentine formation as a result of decreased content of calcium ions in his blood. What hormone deficiency may cause such changes?
Thyroxin
Parathormone
Somatotropin
Triiodothyronine
Thyreocalcitonin
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A chiled was diagnosed with acute renal failure. What biochemic saliva indices can confirm this diagnosis?
Increase of alpha amylase
Decreased level of phosphate
Increased level of rest nitrogen
Increase of immunoglobuline A
Reduction of alkaline phosphatase
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A child has disturbed processes of ossification and 'punctate' enamel. What microelement metabolism is disturbed?
Chromium
Fluorine
Iron
Copper
Zinc
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What substance makes saliva viscous and mucous, has protective function, protects mucous membrane of oral cavity from mechanical damage?
Lysozyme
Kallikrein
Mucin
Glucose
Amylase
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Parodontitis is accompanied by activation of proteolysis in parodentium tissues. Increase of what oral fluid’s component is the evidence of proteolysis activation?
Biogenic amines
Organic acids
Aminoacids
Cholesterol
Glucose
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Examination of an ill child’s blood revealed inherited hyperlipoproteinemia. Genetic defect of what enzyme synthesis causes this phenomenon?
Hemsynthetase
Proteinase
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Glycosidase
Lipoprotein lipase
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A 42 year old woman diagnosed with diabetes mellitus was admitted th the endocrinological department with complaints of thirst, excessive appetite. What pathological components are revealed in course of laboratory examination of the patient’s urine?
Blood
Protein, creatine
Glucose, ketone bodies
Bilirubin, urobilin
Protein, aminoacids
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A patient has increased content of uric acid in his blood that is clinically presented by pain syndrome as a result of urate deposition in the joints. What process does this acid result from?
Lysis of pyrimidine nucleotides
Reutilization of purine bases
Heme catabolism
Lysis of purine nucleotides
Proteolysis
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A non trained man has usually muscular hypoxy after a sprint. What metabolite accumulates in the muscles as a result of it?
Lactate
Ketone bodies
Glucose 6-phosphate
Oxaloacetate
-
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Myocyte cytoplasm contains a big number of dissolved metabolites of glucose oxidation. Name one of them that turns directly into lactate:
Oxaloacetate
Glycerophosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Pyruvate
Glucose 6-phosphate
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A patient is diagnosed with alkaptonuria. Name a defect enzyme that causes this pathology:
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Glutamate dehydrogenase
Dioxyphenylalanine decarboxylase
Oxydase of homogentisine acid
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
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Chronic overdosage of glucocorticoids leads to the development of hyperglycemia. What process of carbohydrate metabolism is responsible for this effect?
Aerobic glycolisis
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Pentose-phosphate cycle
Glycogenesis
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In compliance with the clinical presentations a man was prescribed pyri-doxalphosphate. What processes are corrected by this preparation?
Oxidative decarboxilation of keto acids
Desamination of purine nucleotides
Transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids
Protein synthesis
Synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases
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A 2 year old child suffers from intestinal dysbacteriosis that lead to the development hemorrhagic syndrome. The most probable cause of hemorrhage is:
Activation of tissue thromboplastin
Hypovitaminosis PP
Vitamin K deficiency
Fibrinogen deficiency
Hypocalcemia
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Toxic pulmonary edema was reproduced on a laboratory rat by means of ammonium chloride solution. What is the leading pathogenetic factor of this edema?
Increased permeability of capillars
Disorder of neural and humoral regulation
Increase of venous outflow
Increase of lymph outflow
Decrease of colloid osmotic pressure
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A 62 year old patient in grave comdition was admitted to the nerologi-cal department on account of cerebral hemorrhage. Objectively: hyperpnoe and rising of respiratory rate, then it falls to apnea, after that the cycle of respiratory movements restores. What respiratory type is it?
Apneustic
Biot’s respiration
Gasping respiration
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Kussmaul’s respiration
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The body temperature of a patient with an infectious disease rises once in two days up to 39,5 — 40,50C and stays so for about an hour and then drops to the initial level. What type of fever is it?
Intermittent
Hectic
Remittent
Atypical
Continued
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A woman after labor lost 20 kg of body weight, her hair and teeth fall out, she has muscle atrophy (hypophysial cachexia). Synthesis of what hypophysis hormone is disturbed?
Thyreotropic
Gonadotropic
Prolactin
Somatotropic
Corticotrophic
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Poisoning with mercuric dichloride caused acute renal insufficiency that included 4 stages: 1) the initial one, 2) the stage of oligoanuria, 4) the stage of recovery. What is the third stage of acute renal insufficiency?
Polyuretic
Hemodynamic
Pathochemic
Metabolic
Ischemic
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A patient with pneumosclerosis has pulmonary hypertension and cardiac insuffisiency of right ventricle with ascites and edemata. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of edemata development?
-
Reduction of oncotic blood pressure
Rise of hydrostatic blood pressure in veins
Increased permeability of vessel walls
Rise of oncotic pressure of intracellular fluid
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A year after subtotal stomach resection on account of ulcer of lesser curvature the following blood changes were revealed: anemia, leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia, color index -1,3, megaloblasts and megalocytes. What factor deficiency caused the development of thos pathology?
Mucin
Hydrochloride acid
Castle’s factor
Gastrin
Pepsin
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A 45 year old patient was taken to the hospital by an emergency team with serious cranial trauma in shock condition. Objectively: unconscious, skin is pale, body t0- 35,00C, low muscular tonus, reflexes are absent, pulse is rapid and weak, AP- 50/30 mm Hg. What clinical shock stage is it?
Erectile stage
Torpid stage
Inhibition stage
Excitement stage
Terminal stage
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After traumatic tooth extraction a patient complains of a severe dull pain without accurate localization in his gum, body temperature rise up to 37,50C. He was diagnosed with alveolitis. What type of pain does the patient have?
Referred
Epicritic
Protopathic
Visceral
Phantom
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A 12 year old boy came home from school and started complaining of headache, sickness, chill, periodical muscle pain, appetite loss, flabbiness. What period of illness are these symptoms typical for?
Prodromal
High point of illness
Incubative
Latent
End of illness
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Rabbits lived on food with addition of cholesterol. Five months later the atherosclerotic aorta changes were revealed. Name the main cause of atherogenesis in this case:
Hypodynamia
Overeating
Endogenous hypercholesterolemia
Exogenous hypercholesterolemia
-
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A patient with primary nephrotic syndrome has the following content of whole protein: 40 g/l. What factor caused hypoproteinemia?
Transition of protein from vessels to tissues
Reduced protein synthesis in liver
Disturbance of intestinal protein absorption
Increased proteolysis
Proteinuria
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Laboratory rats that have been fed only with carbohydrate food for a long time display water accumulation in the tissues. What pathogenetic mechanism is the main cause of edema in this case?
Lymphogenic
Membranogenic
Hypooncotic
Hyperosmolar
Disregulatory
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A patient with adenoma of glomeral zone of adrenal cortex (Conn’s disease) has arterial hypertension, convulsions, polyuria. What is the main link in pathogenesis of these disorders?
Glucocorticoid hyposecretion
Catecholamine hypersecretion
Aldosterone hyposecretion
Aldosterone hypersecretion
Glucocorticoid hypersecretion
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A 30 year old man was exposed to irradiation with about 3 Gy. What blood change will be evident in 8 hours after irradiation?
Lymphopenia
Granulocytopenia
Leukopenia
Anemy
Thrombocytopenia
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Four months ago a 43 year old patient had a traumatic amputation of his lower extrimity. Now he complains of sensing the amputated extremity and having constantly grave, sometimes unbearable pain in it. What type of pain does he have?
Phantom
Reflex
Thalamic
Neuralgia
Causalgia
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In crisis period a 14 year old child ill with diphtheria has AP- 70/50 mm Hg accompanied by abrupt fall in temperature and tachycardia. What form of vascular tone disturbance is it?
Chronic hypotension
Acute hypotension
-
Vegetovascular dystonia
Essential arterial hypotension
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A patient ill with jaundice has increased content of conjugated bilirubin and bile acids in blood, no stercobili-nogen in urine. What jaundice are these symptomps typical for?
Obstructive
Hepatic
Hemolytic
Cythemolytic
Hepatocellular
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A newborn child ill with pylorostenosis has frequent vomiting accompanied by apathy, weakness, muscular hypertonia, sometimes convulsions. What form of acid-base balance disorder has developed?
Nongaseous alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Excretory acidosis
Gaseous alkalosis
Gaseous acidosis
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A 19 year old patient was diagnosed with chronic acquired hemolytic anemia. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of this pathology’s development?
Intracellular hemolysis
Osmotic hemolysis
Autoimmune hemolysis
Hyposmolarity of plasm
Toxic hemolysis
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After recovering from epidemic parotiditis a patient began to lose weight, he was permanently thirsty, drank a lot of water, had frequent urination, voracious appetite. Now he has complaints of skin itch, weakness, furunculosis. His blood contains: glucose - 16 mmole/L, ketone bodies - 100 mcmole/L; glucosuria. What disease has developed?
Steroid diabetes
Diabetes insipidus
Insulin-dependent diabetes
Insulin-independent diabetes
Malnutrition diabetes
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A patient fell into the ice hole, was chilled in the wind and taken ill. Body temperature rised up to 39, 70C and fluctuated from 39,00C to 39,80C. Name the type of patient’s temperature profile:
Febris recurrens
Febris continua
Febris remittens
Febris hectica
Febris intermittens
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A patient with chronic myeloleukemia has presentations of anemy - decrease of erythrocyte number and hemoglobin content, oxyphil and polychromatophil normocytes, microcytes. What pathogenetic mechanism is the main for the development of this anemy?
Intravascular erythrocyte hemolysis
Reduction of erythropoietin synthesis
Chronic hemorrhage
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Replacement of erythrocytic shoot
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A diver who has been staying at the depth of 40 m for a long time fell ill with caisson disease as a result of decompression. The main pathogenetic factor is the following embolism:
Paradoxical
Fat
Tissue
Gaseous
Air
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Autopsy of a woman with cerebral atherosclerosis revealed in the left cerebral hemisphere a certain focus that is presented by flabby, anhistic, greyish and yellowish tissue with indistinct edges. What pathological process is the case?
Multifocal tumor growth with cystic degeneration
Senile encephalopathy
Ischemic stroke
Focal encephalitis
Multiple foci of fresh and old cerebral hemorrhage
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Histologic examination revealed a big number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in all layers of appendix; hyperemia, stases. What disease are these symptoms typical for?
Phlegmonous appendicitis
Simple appendicitis
Chronic appendicitis
Gangrenous appendicitis
Superficial appendicitis
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Opening of a patient’s abdominal cavity revealed for about 2,0 L of purulent fluid. Peritoneum is dull, greyish, serous tunic of intestines has grayish layers that can be easily removed. It is most likely to be:
Tuberculous peritonitis
Hemorrhagic peritonitis
Serous peritonitis
Fibrinopurulent peritonitis
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Tissue sample of soft palate arches that was taken because a tumor was suspected ( microscopic analysis revealed an ulcer with dense fundus) revealed mucous membrane necrosis, submucous layer was infiltrated by lymphocytes, epithelioid cells, plasmocytes, solitary neutrophils. There was also evident endovasculitis and perivasculitis. What desease are these changes typical for?
Primary syphilis
Ulcerative stomatitis
Aphthous stomatitis
Faucial diphteria
Vensan’s ulcerative-necrotic stomatitis
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Histological examination of thyroid gland of a man who died from cardiac insufficiency accompanied by hypothyroidism revealed diffuse infiltration of the gland by lymphocytes and plasmocytes with formation of lymphoid follicles, as well as atrophy of parenchyma and growth of connective tissue. What is the most probable diagnosis?
-
Thyrotoxic goiter
Autoimmune Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Purulent thyroiditis
Adenoma of thyroid gland
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Post-mortem examination of a 5 year old boy who died from acute pulmonary and cardiac insufficiency revealed the following: serohemorrhagic tracheobronchitis with some necrotic areas of mucous membrane, multiple foci of hemorrhagic pneumonia in lungs. What disease is in question?
Croupous pneumonia
Scarlet fever
Measles
Diphtheria
Influenza
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Macroscopic examination of lung tissue revealed some areas of excessive airiness with small bubbles, histological examination registered thinning and rupture of alveolar septa and formation of big multiform cavities. What disease was revealed in the lung?
Pulmonary emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Fibrosing alveolitis
Cavernous tuberculosis
Multiple bronchiectasis
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Examination of coronary arteries revealed atherosclerotic plaques with calcification that close tle lumen by 1/3. The muscle contains multiple small whitish layers of connective tissue. What process was revealed in myocardium?
Myocarditis
Diffuse cardiosclerosis
Myocardium infarction
Tiger heart
Postinfarction cardiosclerosis
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Microscopic analysis of tissue sampling from patient’s skin reveals granulomas that consist of epithelioid cells surrounded mostly by T-lymphocytes. Among epithelioid cells there are solitary giant multinuclear cells of Pirogov-Langhans type. In the centre of some granulomas there are areas of caseous necrosis. Blood vessels are absent. What disease are the described granulomas typical for?
Syphilis
Leprosy
Glanders
Tuberculosis
Rhinoscleroma
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Examination of a child who has recently recovered from measles revealed in the soft tissues of cheeks and perineum some inaccurate, edematic, red-and-black, slightly fluctuating areas. What complication is it?
Humid gangrene
Pressure sore
Gas gangrene
Trophic ulcer
Dry gangrene
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Examination of a patient who had been suffering from rheumatism for a long time revealed stenosis of mitral orifice, death was caused by cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency. Autopsy has shown brown induration of lungs. What type of circulation disturbance provokes such changes in lungs?
Chronic left ventricular insufficiency
Chronic right ventricular insufficiency
Portal hypertension
Acute left ventricular insufficiency
Acute right ventricular insufficiency
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On the 5th day of illness a 12 year old child who was treated in the infectious department on account of influenza felt severe headache, sickness, dizziness, got meningeal signs. The child died 24 hours later from increasing brain edema. Dissection of cranial cavity revealed that pia maters of brain are edematic, plethoric, saturated diffusively with bright red liquid. Convolutions and sulci of brain are flattened. What influenza complication is in question?
Cerebral hemorrhage
Suppurative leptomeningitis
Serous meningitis
Venous hyperemia of brain membranes
Hemorrhagic meningitis
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Morphological examination of carious cavity floor differenciated distinctly three zones: the one of softened dentin, transparent dentin and replacing dentin. What stage of caries are these changes typical for?
Deep caries
Superficial caries
Median caries
Spot stage
Chronic caries
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Mucous membrane of the right palatine tonsil has a painless ulcer with smooth lacquer fundus and accurate edges of cartlaginous consistency. Microscopically: inflammatory infiltrate that consists of lymphocytes, plasmocytes, a small number of neutrophils and epithelioid cells; endovasculistis and perivasculitis. What disease is in question?
Necrotic (Vincent’s) tonsillitis
Pharyngeal diphtheria
Actinomycosis
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
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A 22 year woman has enlarged lymphatic ganglions. Histological analysis of a ganglion revealed lymphocytes, histiocytes, reticular cells, small and great Hodgkin’s cells, multinuclear Reed-Sternberg cells, solitary foci of caseous necrosis. What disease are these changes typical for?
Lymphogranulematosis
Cancer metastasis
Chronic leukemia
Lymphosarcoma
Acute leukemia
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A 57 year old patient has periodic uterine bleedings. Diagnostic endometrectomy was performed. Biopsy material contains among the blood elements some glandular complexes of different sizes and forms that consist of atypic cells with hyperchromic nuclei and multiple mitoses (including pathological ones). What is the most probable diagnosis?
Fibromyoma of uterus
Endometritis
Adenocarcinoma
Glandular hyperplasia of endometrium
Chorioepithelioma
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Autopsy of a man who suffered from essential hypertension revealed a cavity with rustcoloured walls in the cerebral substunce. What preceded the appearance of these changes?
Hematoma
Abscess
Diapedetic hemorrhages
Ischemic infarction
Plasmorrhagias
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Autopsy of a man who died from ethylene glycol poisoning revealed that his kidneys are a little bit enlarged, edematic; their capsule can be easily removed. Cortical substance is broad and light-grey. Medullary substance is dark-red. What pathology had this man?
Acute glomerulonephritis
Acute pyelonephritis
Acute tubular-interstitial nephritis
Necrotic nephrosis
Lipoid nephrosis
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During the histologic lung analysis of a man who died from cardiac insufficiency the inflammation focuses were revealed. Alveoles were full of light-pink fluid, here and there with pinkish fibers that formed a close-meshed reticulum with a small number of lymphocytes. What type of exudate is present in lungs?
Hemorrhagic
Serofibrinous
Purulent
Fibrinous
Serous
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A 38 year old patient died during intractable attack of bronchial asthma. Histological examination revealed mucus accumulations in bronchi’s lumen, a lot of mast cells (labrocytes) in bronchi’s wall, some of these cells are degranulated, there are also many eosinophils. Name pathogenesis of these changes in bronchi:
Cell-mediated cytolysis
Cytotoxic, cytolytic effect of antibodies
Immune complex mechanism
Granulematosis
Atopy, anaphylaxis
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In course of gastric endoscopy the biopsy material of mucous membrane was taken. Its histological examination revealed the following: mucous membrane is intact, thickened, edematic, hyperemic, with small droplike hemorrhages, coated with thick mucus. Name the form of acute gastritis:
Necrotic
Purulent
Fibrinous
Erosive
Catarrhal
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A patient was taken to the hospital with complaints of headache, high temperature, frequent stool, stomach pain with tenesmus. Doctor made a clinical diagnosis dysentery and sent the material (excrements) to the bacteriological laboratory for analysis. What diagnostic method should the laboratory doctor use to confirm or to disprove the clinical diagnosis?
Bacteriological
Bacterioscopic
Biological
Allergic
Serological
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Bacteriological examination of purulent discharges from urethra revealed some bacteries that had negative Gram’s stain, resembled of coffee corns, decomposed glucose and maltose up to acid. They were located in leukocutes. What disease do they cause?
Pseudocholera
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Soft chancre
Venereal lymphogranulomatosis
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A patient in the oral surgery department has got purulent complication. Bacteriological analysis of the wound material found a culture that produces cyan pigment. What microorganism is the most probable causative agent?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Bacillus subtilis
Proteus vulgaris
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Sputum smears of a patient with chronic pulmonary disease were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen method and analyzed in the bacteriological laboratory. Microscopy revealed red bacillus. What property of tuberculosis myobacteria was found?
Spore-formation
Encapsulation
Acid resistance
Alkali resistance
Alcohol resistance
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A 7 year old girl was taken to an infectious diseases hospital. She had complaints of high temperature, sore throat, general weakness. A doctor assumed dyphteria. What will be crucial proof of diagnosis after defining pure culture of pathogenic organism?
Cystinase test
Toxigenity test
Hemolytic ability of pathogenic orhani-sm
Phagolysability
Detection of volutine granules
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Immune-enzyme reaction revealed in blood serum HBs-antigene. What disease is this antigene associated with?
Viral hepatitis type A
Syphilis
Tuberculosis
Viral hepatitis type B
AIDS
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Professional dentists belong to the risk group concerning professional infection with viral hepatitis type B. Name an effective method for active prevention of this disease among the dentists:
Working with gum gloves on
Introduction of interferonogenes
Introduction of specific immunoglobuli-ne
Vaccination with recombinant vaccine
Secure sterilization of medical instruments
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Microscopic analysis of tissue sampling from affected area of mucous membrane of oral cavity revealed bacillus in form of accumulations that looked like a pack of cigarettes. Ziehl-Neelsen staining gives them red colour. What kind of pathogenic organism was most likely revealed in tissue sampling?
A.bovis
M.leprae
A.israilii
M.avium
M.tuberculosis
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A patient with clinical presentations of primary immunodeficiency displays disturbance of antigen-presenting function by immunocompetent cells. What cells may have structure defect?
B-lymphocytes
Fibroblasts
T-lymphocytes
Macrophages, monocytes
0- lymphocytes
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A doctor examined a patient with recurrent aphthous stomatitis with concominant candidosis and decided to eliminate a possibility of HIV-infection. What examination can help to clear the situation up and make a provisional diagnosis?
Reaction of hemagglutination inhibition
Immune-enzyme analysis
Gel precipitation reaction
Reaction of hemagglutination
Phase-contrasr microscopy
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On the territory of a certain region the mass death of rodents was observed. It was assumed that it may be caused by plague agent. What serological reaction should be applied for quick determination of antigene of this epizootic agent?
Reaction of passive hemagglutination
Neutralization reaction
Bordet-Gengou test
Agglutination reaction
Precipitation reaction
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A 10 year old child was subjected to Mantoux test (with tuberculine). 48 hours later a papule up to 8 mm in diameter appeared on the site of tuberculine injection. What type of hyperesponsiveness reaction has developed after tuberculine injection?
Reaction of serum sickness type
Hyperresponsiveness reaction type IV
Reaction of Arthus phenomenon type
Hyperresponsiveness reaction type II
Atopic reaction
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During many infectious diseases patient’s blood may contain antigenes of pathogens. What reaction should be applied provided that antigenemia is at a low level?
Immunoelectrophoresis
Reaction of indirect hemagglutination
Agglutination reaction
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Reaction of latex-agglutination
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A 58 year old patient was being prepared to cholecystectomy operation. Drug complex of narcosis pemedicati-on included benzohexamethonium. What part does this medication play in the narcosis?
Reduction of excitement stage
Relaxation of smooth muscles
Relaxation of skeletal muscles
Functional blockade of visceral reflexes
Increase of retrograde amnesia
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In an excitable cell the ion channells were blocked. It hasn’t changed essentially the value of rest potential, but the cell lost its ability to generate AP (action potential). What channels were blocked?
Calcium
Natrium and potassium
Natrium
Potassium
Chloric
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A 25 year old patient had in the dentist’s room a sudden attack of bronchial asthma. The doctor gave him salbutamol in the form of inhalation. What is the mechanism of action of this preparation?
Stimulates 3v-adrenoreceptors
Blocks phosphodiesterase
Stimulates ^-adrenoreceptors
Blocks Hi-histamine receptors
Blocks M-cholinergic receptors
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A 30 year old patient who was taken to the hospital with diagnosis acute glomerulonephritis has proteinuria. What disorder caused this occurance?
Increase of hydrostatic blood pressure in capillaries
Delayed excretion of nitrogen metabolism products
Decreased number of functioning nephrons
Decreased oncotic pressure of blood plasma
Increased permeability of renal filter
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During the ether narcosis a patient had evident bradycardia with threat of cardiac arrest. What medication should be used to accelerate heartbeat under condition of narcosis that shouldn’t be interrupted?
Adrenaline
Isadrine
Caffeine
Atropine
Camphor
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A patient with stomatitis was prescribed a medication of sulfanamide group. What is the mechanism of its antibacterial effect?
Synthesis disturbance of cell membrane proteins
Inhibition of sulfhydric groups of thiol enzymes
Decrease of membrane permeability
Competitive antagonism with para-aminobenzoic acid
Protein coagulation
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While the examination of patient’s oral cavity the dentist found xerostomia, numerous erosions. What vitamin deficit caused this effect?
Vitamin P
Vitamin H
Vitamin A
Vitamin PP
Vitamin K
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An unconscious patient was admitted to the hospital. Objectively: cold skin, miotic pupils, heavy breathing, Chaine-Stokes’ periodicity, low arterial pressure, overfull urinary bladder. What caused the poisoning?
Narcotic analgetics
Muscarinic receptor blockers
-
Tranquilizers
Nonnarcotic analgetics
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A 30 year old patient consulted a doctor about having diarrhea and stomach aches for 5 days, temperature rise up to 37,50C with chills. The day before the patient was in a forest and drank some water from an open pond. He was diagnosed with amebic dysentery that was bacteriologically confirmed. Name the medication for treatment of this disease:
Furasolidone
Chloramphenicol
Metronidazole
Phthalazole
Emethine hydrochloride
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A surgeon cleansed his hands with 70% solution of ethyl alcochol before an operation. What is the main mechanism of preparation’s antiseptic effect upon microorganisms?
Interaction with hydroxyl enzyme groups
Blockade of sulfhydric groups of enzyme systems
Interaction with aminogroups of protoplasm proteins
Oxidation of organic protoplasm components
Dehydratation of protoplasm proteins
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Formaldehyde solution was applied for desinfection of nonmetallic instruments of surgical department. What chemical series does this antiseptic preparation belong to?
Halogenated compaunds
Alcochols
Aromatic series
Detergents
Aliphatic series
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A patient with acute condition of duodenal ulcer was admitted to the hospital. Gastric juice analysis has shown increase of secretory and acid-producing function of stomach. Choose a medication that will reduce secretory function due to blockade of H2-receptors:
Methacin
Platyphyllin
Beladonna bell extraction
Ranitidine
Atropine
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A stomatologists examined first-grade pupils and revealed that one of children had yellowish brown teeth, two of them were split. Heretofore the pupil was treated with 'some pills' on account of pneumonia. What medication could have had such a negative effect upon teeth?
Doxycycline
Oxacillin
Biseptol
Erythromycin
Ampicillin
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Далі ›
In course of an experiment the peripheral fragment of a cut vagus nerve on the dog’s neck was being stimulated. There was the following change of cardiac activity:
Increase of beat frequency and force
Increase of myocardium excitability
Decrease of beat frequency
Increase of beat force
Increased speed of excitement conduction through myocardium
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Далі ›
Name the drug group that can reduce need of myocardium for oxygene, decrease force of heartbeat and inhibit li-polysis:
3-adrenoceptor blockers
^-adrenoceptor blockers
Sympatholytics
^-adrenoceptor agonists
Selective 3-adrenoceptor agonists
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Далі ›
A patient with thyreotoxicosis was prescribed a medication that inhibits enzyme systems taking part in synthesis of thyroid gland hormones. What medication is it?
Mercazolile
Thyreoidine
Diiodotyrosine
Radioactive iodine
Potassium iodide
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Далі ›
A patient with tuberculosis was prescribed a certain medication as a part of complex therapy derivative of isonicotinic acid hydrazide. Name this preparation:
Isoniazide
Streptomycin sulfate
Kanamycin
Rifampicin
Cephaloridine
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Далі ›
After a surgical procedure a patient has got an enteroparesis. What anticholinesterase medication should be prescribed in this case?
Pilocarpine
Proserin
Carbacholine
Acetylcholine
Aceclidine
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Далі ›
A patient has a slowly healing fracture. What medcine can be used to accelerate formation of connective tissue matrix?
Prednisolone
Cyclosporine
Methyluracil
Methotrexate
Cyclophosphan
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Далі ›
Removal of a foreign body from patient’s eye involves local anesthesia with lidocaine. What is the action mechanism of this medication?
It blocks passing of nitric oxide
It disturbs passing of Na+ through the membrane
It reduces passage of neuromediators
It reduces dehydrogenase activity
It inhibits cytochrome oxidase activity
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Далі ›
A patient with myocardium infarction was prescribed an analgetic in order to stop pain syndrome. The patient felt better but overdose caused weakness, myosis, respiratory depression. What medication was prescribed?
Baralgine
Ibuprofen
Morphine
Paracetamol
Sedalgine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient complains of painful cracks in mouth angles. What sulfanilamide can be recommended for local treatment of angular stomatitis?
Streptocide liniment
Synthomycine liniment
Prednisolone ointment
Butadione ointment
Tetracycline ointment
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Далі ›
What antihelmintic medication is used for stimulation of immune system in case of chronic generalized periodontitis?
Piperidine adipinate
Chloxil
Pyranthel
Pumpkin seeds
Levamisole
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Далі ›
A patient has acute cardiac insufficiency resulting from essential hypertension. What medication will be the most appropriate in this case?
Corglycone
Caffeine
Cardiovalen
Digoxin
Cordiamin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient was operated on account of abdominal injury with application of tubocurarin. At the end of operation, after the respiration had been restored, the patient got injection of gentamicin. It caused a sudden respiratory standstill and relaxation of skeletal muscles. What effect underlies this phenomenon?
Habituation
Potentiation
Cumulation
Antagonism
Sensitization
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Далі ›
A patient has an acute painfullness of face skin. What nerve is damaged?
Vagus
Facial
Oculomotor
Trifacial
Glossopharyngeal
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 3 year old child was admitted to the hospital with otitis. Pus is probable to spread from the tympanic cavity. Where can the pus get into?
Into mastoid antrum
Into external acoustic duct
Into auditory tube
Into internal ear
Into posterior cranial fossa
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient had his tooth extracted. The lingual surface of this tooth was smaller than the buccal one. Masti-catoty surface has oval form. Deep transverse sulcus separates buccal and lingual tubercles. The root is strongly compressed in mesio-distal direction and has longitudinal sulci on its aproximal surfaces, it is bifurcated. What tooth was extracted?
Second upper premolar
First upper premolar
Lower canine
Upper canine
First lower premolar
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 16 year old boy revealed enlarged submandibular and cervical lymph nodes. The boy was subjected to biopsy. Microscopic examination of lymph nodes revealed: typical structure is obliterated, cell population is heterogenous, there are big cells with multilobe nuclei, multiple big mononuclear cells, eosinophilic and neutrophilic leukocytes, lymphocytes, besides that, there are necrotic areas and foci of sclerosis. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Lymph node hyperplasia
lymphogranulomatosis
Suppurative lymphadenitis
Granulomatous lymphadenitis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with streptococcal gingival infection was prescribed a medication that contains beta lactam ring in its structure. What preparation belongs to this group?
Streptomicin sulfate
Erythromycin
Chloramphenicol
Benzylpenicillin
Rifampicin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
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