0%
1 із 200
00:00
Microscopic analysis of human heart cells revealed some oval oganellas, their tunic being formed by two membranes: the external one is smooth, and the internal one forms crista. Biochemical analysis determined the presence of ATP-synthetase enzyme. What organellas were analysed?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Centrosomes
Mitochondrions
Lysosomes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman with ischemic heard disease has been taking an antianginal medication that has the following properties: dilates coronary arteries, peripheral vessels (arterial and venous), reduces the need of myocardium in oxygen, improves endocardial blood circulation. Name this preparation:
Dibasol
Papaverine
Nitroglycerin
Aminophylline
Validol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In the vermiform appendix there was found a white helminth, 40 mm long with thin filiform forward end. Ecscrements contained oval eggs with plugs at the poles. Determine the kind of helminth:
Ascarid
Whipworm
Seatworm
Threadworm
Hookworm
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Medical examination of some youths revealed in their axillary regions grey insects 1,0-1,5 mm large, with short broad body covered with hair. What insects were revealed?
Itch mite
Head louse
Flea
Pubic louse
Bed bug
‹ Назад
Далі ›
There are trisome, translocational and mosaic forms of Down’s Syndrome. What method of human genetics can be applied to differentiate the said forms of Down’s syndrome?
Gemellary
Genealogical
Biochemical
Cytogenetical
Population-statistical
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Very big teeth is an Y-linked sign. Mother’s teeth are of normal size, and her son’s teeth are very big. Probability of father’s having very large teeth is:
50 %
12,5%
25 %
75 %
100%
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An 8 month old child has non-closed palate, a number of eye defects, microcephaly, disorder of cardiovascular system. Cytogenetic analysis revealed 47 chromosomes with an additional 13th chromosome. What diagnosis can be made on the basis of clinical observations and cytogenetic examinations?
Patau’s syndrome
Cat cry syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Down’s syndrome
Edwards’ syndrome
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with suspected liver abscess was admitted to the surgical department. The patient had been staying for a long time on business in one of african countries and fell repeatedly ill with acute gastrointestinal disorders. What protozoal disease may the patient be now ill with?
Toxoplasmosis
Amebiasis
Leishmaniasis
Malaria
Trypanosomosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 7 year old child revealed the following symptoms: small height, broad roundish face, closely placed eyes with narrow palpebral fissures, half-open mouth. Valvular defect has been also diagnosed. These clinical presentations are most likely typical for Down’s syndrome. Name the cause of such pathology:
Partial monosomy
Trisomy of the 21 chromosome
Trisomy of the 13 chromosome
X-chromosome trisonomy
Nondisjunction of sexual chromosomes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A group of students has representati- ves of different races. One of the students has straight black hair and overhanging skin fold of superior eyelid - epi-canthus. What race does this student most probably represent?
Negroid
Mongoloid
Europeoid
Ethiopian
Australoid
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a pregnant woman who has been taking alcohol revealed di-turbed anlage of ectoderma during the fetal life. What derivatives of this leaf have defects?
Sexual glands
Bowels epithelium
Liver
Neural tube
Kidneys
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In a genetical laboratory in course of work with DNA molecules of white rats of Wistar’s line a nucleotide was substituted for another one. At that only one amino acid was substituded in the peptide. This result is caused by the following mutation:
Duplication
Translocation
Displacement of reading frame
Deletion
Transversion
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Father bought some pork at the market. What disease may catch members of his family provided that this meat didn’t pass the veterinary control?
Beef tapeworm infection
Pork tapeworm infection
Liver fluke infection
Hymenolepiasis
Echinococcosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During the postsynthetic period of mitotic cycle the synthesis of tubulin proteins was disturbed. These proteins take part in construction of division spindle. It can lead to the disturbance of:
Despiralization of chromosomes
Cytokinesis
Mitosis duration
Chromosomes’ disjunction
Spiralization of chromosomes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A newborn child has microcephalia. Doctors consider that this is the result of mother’s taking actinomycin D during the pregnancy. What embryonal leaf was influenced by this teratogen?
Entoderma
All leaves
Entoderma and mesoderma
Ectoderma
Mesoderma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
It is known that the information about amino acids sequence in a protein molecule is coded in form of a sequence of four nucleotide types in a DNA molecule, different aminoacids being coded with different quantity of triplets - from one to six. How is such peculiarity of genetic code called?
Nonoverlayability
Versatility
Specificity
Degeneracy
Triplety
‹ Назад
Далі ›
There is a 9 year old boy in endocrinological department, who has already had a few fractures of extremeties caused by fragility of bones. Malfunction of what endocrinous glands (gland) takes place?
Thymus
Parathyroid glands
Epiphysis
Thyroid gland
Adrenal glands
‹ Назад
Далі ›
To approach the thyroid gland from the transverse (collar) approach the suprasternal fascial space must be opened. What anatomical formation located in this space is dangerous to damage?
Venous jugular arch
Subclavian artery
Internal jugular vein
Lymph nodes
Carotid artery
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 24 year old patient consulted a doctor about pain below the lower jaw to the right of it. Dental surgeon found a stone in the submandibular gland. While removing it he prevented bleeding from the following artery:
A.lingualis
A.submentalis
A.facialis
A.labialis inferior
A.alveolaris inferior
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 28 year old man with cut wound of frontal skin was admitted to the hospital. A vessel that supplies blood to the frontal part of head was ligated in order to stop bleeding. What vessel was ligated?
A.temporalis superf icialis
A.dorsalis nasi
A.angularis
A.supraorbitalis
A.infraorbitalis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient complains of headache, heavy breathing. X-ray examination confirmed the diagnosis frontitis. What nasal meatus may contain purulent discharge?
Middle
Superior
Common
Above the superior nasal concha
Inferior
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 28 year old patient was diagnosed with acute inflammation of mucous membrane of nasolacrimal duct. It is known from the anamnesis that he had been having nasal discharges for 10 days after recovering from influenza. From what part of nasal cavity could the infection penetrate into nasolacrimal duct?
Middle nasal meatus
Vestibule of nose
Superior nasal meatus
Inferior nasal meatus
Frontal sinus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An eye trauma caused soft tissues infection of eye-socket. Through what anatomical formation can the infection penetrate into the middle cranial fossa?
Through the zygomatic orbital foramen
Through the inferior orbital fissure
Through the anterior ethmoidal foramen
Through the posterior ethmoidal foramen
Through the superior orbital fissure
‹ Назад
Далі ›
When a patient puts his tongue out the tip of it deflects to the left. Motor innervation of what cranial nerve is disturbed in this case?
N.glossopharyngeus dexter
N.vagus dexter
N.trigeminus sinister
N.hypoglossus dexter
N.facialis sinister
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A mother consulted the doctor about her one year old child, who has got six teeth come out. How many teeth should the child of such age have?
6
10
8
12
7
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Trauma of occipital region of head resulted in crack fracture in the region of transverse sinus. What part of occipital bone is damaged?
Squama
Right lateral
Left lateral
Condyle
Proximal
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A surgeon is going to take lympha from patient’s thoracic duct in the point of its flowing into venous channel. Where exactly a cannula should be inserted?
Point of formation of superior vena cava
Point of formation of inferior vena cava
Right venous angle
Point of formation of portal vein
Left venous angle
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 69 year old patient has got an abscess of frontal lobe as a result of purulent infection in nasal cavity. What anatomical formation did the infection penetrate through?
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ethmoidalae posterior
Foramen ovale
Foramen sphenopalatinum
Foraminae cribrosae
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient displays abnormal retrodeviation of his lower jaw as a result of trauma in the region of mandibular coronal process. What muscle is most likely to be damaged?
M.temporalis
M.pterygoideus lateralis
M.levator anguli oris
M.masseter
M.pterygoideus medialis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has disorder of tear flow after a cold. What autonomic ganglion had been most damaged?
Pterygopalatine
Submandibular
Sublingual
Aural
Ciliated
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 58 year old woman had her uterus and all appendages completely removed. It resulted in stoppage of urine excretion. Cystoscopy results: bladder doesn’t contain any urine, urine doesn’t come also from ureteric orifices. What part of urinary excretion system was damaged during the operation?
Ren
Pelvis renalis
Uretra
Vesica urinaria
Ureter
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 32 year old patient revealed disproportional skeleton size, enlargement of superciliary arches, nose, lips, tongue, jaw bones, feet. What gland’s function was disturbed?
Hypophysis
Pancreas
Suprarenal
Epiphysis
Thyroid
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient suffers from middle ear inflammation (otitis). He complains also of disordered test sensation in the anterior tongue part. What nerve is damaged?
N.vestibulo — cochlearis
N.trigeminus
N.vagus
N.glossopharyngeus
N.facialis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A surgeon should reach the omental bursa to perform an operation on abdominal cavity. How can he reach this part of peritoneal cavity without affecting the integrity of lesser omentum?
Through the left paracolic sulcus
Through the right paracolic sulcus
Through the left mesenteric sinus
Through the epiploic foramen
Through the right mesenteric sinus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 5 year old child suffers from the neck deformity. Clinical examination revealed such symptoms: apparent flexion of head to the left, his face is turned right, passive movements of the head to the right are restricted. What muscle’s development was disturbed in this case?
Splenius muscle of head
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Long muscle of head
Sternosublingual
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has difficulties with jaw joining when he is chewing. There is partial atrophy of masticatory muscles situated below the zygomatic arch. What nerve branches do these muscles innervate?
N.mandibularis
Nn.alveolares superiores
N.infraorbitalis
N.alveolaris inferior
N.maxillaris
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A boxer who got a punch in the region of temporomandibular joint has a traumatic dislocation of mandible. Displacement of what articular surfaces will overstep the limits of physiological norm?
Coronoid process and pterygoid fossa
Coronoid process and submandibular fossa
Head of mandible and submandibular fossa
Neck of mandible and submandibular fossa
Head of mandible and mandibular fossa
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient’s middle ear inflammation was complicated by mastoiditis. There was a threat of purulent thrombosis of the nearest venous sinus. What sinus was under the threat?
Transverse
Sigmoid
Rectus
Superior saggital
Inferior petrosal
‹ Назад
Далі ›
On examination of a road accident victim a doctor revealed left clavicle fracture and disturbed blood circulation in an extremity (no pulsing of radial artery). What cause of blood circulation disturbance is the most probable?
Compression of vertebral artery
Compression of subclavian vein
Compression of subclavian artery
Compression of axillary vein
Compression of axillary artery
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 60 year old patient has problems with formation and moving of food mass, it disturbs eating process. His tongue is stiff, speaking is impossible. What nerve is damaged?
XII
IX
VII
XI
V
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman in grave condition was admitted to a hospital with the diagnosis of the hemorrhagic stroke in the region of frontal part of the right cerebral hemisphere. The damage of what artery most likely caused this condition?
A.cerebri media
A.communicans anterior
A.cerebri posterior
A.cerebri anterior
A .communicans posterior
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 17 year old student pressed out a pustule in the medial angle of eye. In 2 days she was taken to the institute of neurosurgery with thrombosis of cavernous sinus. Through what vein did the infection get into this sinus?
V.angularis
V.diploicae frontalis
V.maxillaris
V.transversa faciei
V.profunda faciei
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 35 year old patient came to the admission department with complaints of pain and edema in the region of floor of oral cavity. After examination he was diagnosed with inflammation in the region of excretory duct of submandibular gland. Where does this duct open into?
Vestibulum oris
Recesus gingivalis
Foramen caecum linguae
Plica fimbriata
Caruncula sublingualis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a patient who was exposed to the ionizing radiation revealed damage of wight pulp. What cells of white pulp undergo pathological changes?
Neutrophilic leukocytes
Lymphocytes
Tissue basophils
Basophilic leukocytes
Monocytes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient had a trauma that led to the injury of front spinal roots. Denote the damaged structures:
Axons of lateral horn neurons
Central processes of spinal ganglion neurons
Peripheral processes of spinal ganglion neurons
Axons of motoneurons
Axons of motoneurons and lateral horn neurons
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with an acute rhinitis has hyperemia and excessive mucus formation in nasal cavity. What epithelial cells of mucous membrane have the intensified activity?
Ciliated cells
Basal cells
Endocrine cells
Goblet cells
Microvillous cells
‹ Назад
Далі ›
As a result of head trauma a 32 year old man has damaged ampullas of semicircular ducts. What stimuli perception will be disturbed?
Vibration
Vibration and gravitation
Gravitation
Angular acceleration
Linear acceleration
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Morphological examination revealed in histological specimen of biopsy material an irregularshaped vessel. Its middle membrane is formed by bundles of smooth myocytes and layers of connective tissue. What type of vessel is it?
Vein of muscular type
Artery uf muscular type
Lymphatic vessel
Venule
Arteriole
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An electronic micrograph presents a cell that has no nucleole and nuclear membrane. Chromosomes has free position, centrioles migrate to the poles. What phase of cell cycle is it typical for?
Telophase
Interphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Prophase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The symptoms of regeneration process (callus) on the place of fracture were revealed in the histologic specimen of tubular bone. What tissue forms this structure?
Lamellar bone tissue
Epithelial tissue
Loose connective tissue
Reticular tissue
Fibrous bone tissue
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A chemical burn of esophagus caused it’s local constriction as a result of scar formation. What cells of loose connective tissue take part in scar formation?
Miofibroblasts
Fibroclasts
Fibrocytes
Immature nonspecialized fibroblasts
Mature specialized fibroblasts
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman has hyperemic ovary, increased permeability of hematofolli-cular barrier with the following development of edema, infiltration of follicle wall by segmentonuclear leukocytes. The follicle volume is large, its wall is thinned. What period of sexual cycle do these presentations correspond with?
Menstrual period
Ovulation
Preovulatory stage
Period of relative rest
Postmenstrual period
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Premature infants have syndrom of respiratory failure. Failure of what aerohematic barriere component underlies this pathology?
Alveolocytes
Basal membrane of endothelium
Basal membrane of alveolocytes
Capillary endothelium
Surfactant
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Histological examination in the area of neck of fundus gland reveals small cells that have high nuclear-cytoplasmatic ratio and basophilic cytoplasm. Name the function of these cells:
Protective
Pepsinogen secretion
Secretion of chlorine ions
Endocrine
Regeneration of glandular epithelium
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Histological examination of trasverse enamel slice revealed linear banding in form of concentric circles that is pointing at an angle to the dentinoenamel junction. Name these structures:
Hunter-Schreger’s lines
Enamel spindles
Enamel plates
Enamel fascicles
Retsius’ lines
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Retrospective diagnostics of old bacillary dysentery required serologic examination of blood serum in order to determine blood titer to the shigells. What reaction should be applied for this purpose?
Bordet-Gengou test
Hemolysis reaction
Reaction of passive hemagglutination
Bacteriolysis reaction
Precipitation reaction
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Microspecimen of a child’s finger skin reveals subnormal development of epidermis. What embryonic leaf was damaged in course of development?
Mesenchyma
Entoderm
Ectoderm
Ectomesenchyma
Mesoderm
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The influence of negative factors upon an organism results in the thymus change that is accompanied by mass loss of thymocytes, their drive out to the peripheral organs, proliferation of epitheli-oreticulocytes. How is this phenomemon called?
Age thymus involition
Thymus atrophy
Accidental thymus involution
Thymus distrophy
Thymus hypotrophy
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Histological specimen of an oral cavity organ shows that anterior surface is lined with multilayer flat non-keratinizing epithelium and posterior surface - with multirow ciliated epithelium. What organ is it?
Hard palate
Soft palate
Gum
Cheek
Lip
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In course of embryogenesis maxillary and mandibular processes grew together with a delay. What development anomalies should be expected in this case?
Microstomia
Macrostomia
Gothic palate
Cleft palate
Cleft of superior lip
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 42 year old patient who suffers from parodontosis revealed roundish calcified formations 2-3 mm in diameter in coronal pulp. Name these formatioms:
Intertubular dentin
Interglobular spaces
Sclerosed (transparent) dentin
Denticles
Dead dentin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Electron micrograph of a kidney fragment presents an afferent arteriole with big cells under endothelium. These cells contain secretory granules. Name this type of cells:
Juxtaglomerular
Smooth muscular
Juxtavascular
Interstitial
Mesangial
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A child damaged the lateral surface of his tongue. What lingual papillas are most likely to be damged?
Fungiform
Conic
Vallate
Foliate
Filiform
‹ Назад
Далі ›
By producing a number of hormones placenta plays a part of temporary endocrine gland. What hormone may be detected in woman’s blood on the third or the forth day after begin of implantation, that is used in medicine for early pregnancy detection?
Vasopressin
Progesterone
Oxytocin
Somatostatin
Chorionic gonadotropin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In a histological specimen of adrenal cortex there are petite polygonal cells that form roundish clusters and contain some lipidic inclusions. What part of adrenal is presented in this histological specimen?
Fasciolar zone
Intermedial zone
Glomerular zone
-
Reticular zone
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Implantation process has two stages: adhesion and invasion. Morphological manifestation of blastocyte adhesion is:
Destruction of endometrium epithelium
Destruction of connective tissue of endometrium
Destruction of endometrium vessels
Formation of lacunes
Attachment of blastocyte to the endometrium
‹ Назад
Далі ›
While a 24 year old woman was waiting for tooth extraction, tonus of sympathetic part of autonomic nervous system rose. What reaction will the patient display?
Miotic pupils
Hyperperistalsis
Hypersecretion of digestive juices
Increased frequency of heartbeat
Bronchus constriction
‹ Назад
Далі ›
If a mountain-climber stays in the mountains for a long time, quantity of erythrocytes increases from 5,0 • l012/l to 6,0 • 1012/l. What causes stimulation of erythropoesis?
Increase of p O2 in venous blood
Decrease of p O2 in venous blood
Increase of p O2 in arterial blood
Increase of p O2 in cells
Decrease of p O2 in arterial blood
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An experimentator wants a dog to develop conditioned salivary reflex. What conditioned stimulus will be appropriate to use?
Meat
Very loud sound
Zwieback
Electric current
Moderately loud sound
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A man has trauma of greater pectoral muscle. What index’ decrease will it cause?
Expiratory reserve volume
Functional residual lung capacity
Respiratory volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A month after surgical constriction of rabbit’s renal artery the considerable increase of systematic arterial pressure was observed. What of the following regulation mechanisms caused the animal’s pressure change?
Angiotensin-II
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
Vasopressin
Serotonin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Rate of excitement conduction was studied on different sites of an isolated heart. Where was the lowest rate registered?
In His’ bundle
In Purkinje’s fibers
In atria’s myocardium
In atrioventricular node
In ventricle’s myocardium
‹ Назад
Далі ›
While passing an exam a student gets dry mouth. It is caused by realization of such reflexes:
Conditioned and unconditioned sympathetic
Conditioned parasympathetic
Unconditioned parasympathetic
Conditioned sympathetic
Unconditioned sympathetic and parasympathetic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has been taking glucocorticoids for a long time. Drug withdrowal caused acute attack of his disease, blood pressure reduction, weakness. What are these occurences connected with?
Drug habituation
Adrenal glands insufficiency
Cumulation
Sensibilisation
Hyperproduction of corticotroph hormone
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A sportsman was examined after an intensive physical activity. The examination revealed disorder of movement coordination but the force of muscle contractions remained the same. It can be explained by retarded speed of excitement conduction through:
Central synapses
Conduction tracts
Efferent nerves
Afferent nerves
Neuromuscular synapses
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cerebral hemorrhage caused serious disturbance of taste sensibility. What brain structure is most likely to be damged?
Amygdaloid body
Hypothalamus
Substantia nigra
Hippocampus
Postcentral gyrus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A man lost consciousness in a car with running engine where he had been waiting for a friend for a long time. What hemoglobin compaund can be found in the blood of the patient?
Carbhemoglobin
Oxyhemoglobin
Carboxyhemoglobin
Methemoglobin
Deoxyhemoglobin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has the sudden decrease of Ca2+ content in blood. What hormone secretion will increase?
Aldosterone
Parathormone
Vasopressin
Somatotropin
Thyrocalcitonin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
It is required to set an experiment on an isolated excitable cell and to achieve increase of membrane rest potential (hyperpolarization). What ion channels should be activated to achieve such a result?
Calcium
Potassium and sodium
Potassium
Sodium and calcium
Sodium
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A man has considerable disorder of protein, fat and carbohydrate digestion. Reduced secretion of what digestive juice is the most probable cause of this phenomenon?
Gastric juice
Intestinal juice
Bile
Saliva
Pancreatic juice
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During phonocardiogram registration it was ascertained that the duration of the first heart sound twice exceeds the norm. It is most likely that patient has the following organ affected:
Atrioventricular valves
Semilunar valves
Cardiomyocytes of ventricles
Cardiomyocytes of atriums
Cardiomyocytes of heart atriums
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In the course of an experiment a nerve is being stimulated by electric impulses. It leads to excretion of some quantity of thick viscous saliva by sublingual and submandibular glands. What nerve is being stimulated?
N.vagus
N.sympathicus
N.glossopharyngeus
N.facialis
N.trigeminus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has hyperkaliemia and hyponatremia. Reduced secretion of what hormone may cause such changes?
Parathormone
Natriuretic hormone
Vasopressin
Aldosterone
Cortosol
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A man’s energy consumption is measured on an empty stomach, in lying position, under conditions of physical psychical rest, at comfortable temperature. At what time will the energy consuption be the lowest?
At 2-4 o’clock p.m.
At 3-4 o’clock a.m.
At 7-8 o’clock a.m.
At 10-12 o’clock a.m.
At 5-6 o’clock p.m.
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient complains of rapid fatigability. Objectively: he staggers and overbalances in the upright position with closed eyes. Skeleton muscular tonus is decreased. What brain structure is most likely to be damaged?
Basal ganglions
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Thalamus
Precentral gyrus of cerebrum cortex
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with chronic glomerulonephritis has disorder of incretoty function of kidneys. What blood elements deficit will result from it?
Leukocytes
Erythrocytes and leukocytes
Leukocytes and thrombocytes
Thrombocytes
Erythrocytes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In course of an experiment the peripheral segment of vagus nerve of an animal was stimulated. The following changes of heart activity were obseerved:
Icreased force of heartbeat
Reduced heart rate
Increase of frequency and force of heartbeat
Increased conduction of excitement through myocardium
Increased excitability of myocardium
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has hypocalcemia. What hormone deficiency may be it’s cause?
Parathormone
Aldosterone
Corticoliberin
Thyrocalcitonin
Corticotropin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
ESR of a patient with pneumonia is 48 mm/h. What caused such changes?
Hypogammaglobulinemia
Hyperalbuminemia
Hypergammaglobulinemia
Erythrocytosis
Hypoproteinemia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a child who hasn’t got fresh fruit and vegetables during winter revealed numerous subcutaneous hemorrhages, gingivitis, carious cavities in teeth. What vitamin combination should be prescribed in this case?
Calciferol and ascorbic acid
Thiamine and pyridoxine
Ascorbic acid and rutin
Riboflavin and nicotinamide
Folic acid and cobalamin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has increased permeability of blood-vessel walls, increased gingival hemorrhage, small punctate hematomas on his skin, falling of teeth. What disturbance of vitamun metabolism can account for these symptoms?
Hypervitaminosis D
Hypervitaminosis C
Hypovitaminosis D
Hypovitaminosis A
Hypovitaminosis C
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with diabetes mellitus had an insuline injection. It caused loss of consciousness and convulsions. What was the result of biochemic blood analysis on glucose content?
5,5 mmole/l
8,0 mmole/l
2,5 mmole/l
3,3 mmole/l
10 mmole/l
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 6 days old infant revealed phenyl pyruvate and phenyl acetate excess in his urine. What ami-noacid metabolism is disturbed in the child’s organism?
Histidine
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Methionine
Arginine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient who is ill with scurvy displays disturbed processes of connective tissue formation that leads to loosening and falling of teeth. Disturbed activity of what enzyme causes these symptomps?
Glycosiltransferase
Lisilhydroxylase
Procollagenpeptidase of N-terminal peptide
Elastase
Procollagenpeptidase of C-terminal peptide
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient who suffers from chronic renal insufficiency fell ill with osteoporosis. Disturbed synthesis of what mineral metabolism’s regulator is the cause of osteoporosis?
Glutamate carboxylation
Proline hydroxylation
Lysine hydroxylation
Formation of 1, 25(OH)2D3
Cortisol hydroxylation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Cyanide poisoning causes immediate death. What is the mechanism of cyanide effect at the molecular level?
They block succinate dehydrogenase
They bind substrates of tricarboxylic acid cycle
They inactivate oxygene
They inhibit cytochrome B
They inhibit cytochromoxidase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has the folowing changes: disorder of twilight vision, drying out of conjunctiva and cornea. Such disorders may be caused by deficiency of vitamin:
Vitamin A
Vitamin B12
Vitamin D
Vitamin B
Vitamin C
‹ Назад
Далі ›
What vitamin deficiency leads to both disorder of reproductive function and di-strophy of skeletal muscles?
Vitamin K
Vitamin E
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin B1
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A child has disturbed enamel and dentine formation as a result of decreased content of calcium ions in his blood. What hormone deficiency may cause such changes?
Thyroxin
Parathormone
Somatotropin
Triiodothyronine
Thyreocalcitonin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A chiled was diagnosed with acute renal failure. What biochemic saliva indices can confirm this diagnosis?
Increase of immunoglobuline A
Decreased level of phosphate
Increase of alpha amylase
Increased level of rest nitrogen
Reduction of alkaline phosphatase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A child has disturbed processes of ossification and 'punctate' enamel. What microelement metabolism is disturbed?
Fluorine
Copper
Iron
Chromium
Zinc
‹ Назад
Далі ›
What substance makes saliva viscous and mucous, has protective function, protects mucous membrane of oral cavity from mechanical damage?
Lysozyme
Kallikrein
Glucose
Amylase
Mucin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Parodontitis is accompanied by activation of proteolysis in parodentium tissues. Increase of what oral fluid’s component is the evidence of proteolysis activation?
Cholesterol
Glucose
Aminoacids
Biogenic amines
Organic acids
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of an ill child’s blood revealed inherited hyperlipoproteinemia. Genetic defect of what enzyme synthesis causes this phenomenon?
Proteinase
Lipoprotein lipase
Glycosidase
Hemsynthetase
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 42 year old woman diagnosed with diabetes mellitus was admitted th the endocrinological department with complaints of thirst, excessive appetite. What pathological components are revealed in course of laboratory examination of the patient’s urine?
Blood
Bilirubin, urobilin
Protein, aminoacids
Protein, creatine
Glucose, ketone bodies
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has increased content of uric acid in his blood that is clinically presented by pain syndrome as a result of urate deposition in the joints. What process does this acid result from?
Lysis of purine nucleotides
Reutilization of purine bases
Heme catabolism
Proteolysis
Lysis of pyrimidine nucleotides
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A non trained man has usually muscular hypoxy after a sprint. What metabolite accumulates in the muscles as a result of it?
Glucose 6-phosphate
Lactate
Ketone bodies
Oxaloacetate
-
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Myocyte cytoplasm contains a big number of dissolved metabolites of glucose oxidation. Name one of them that turns directly into lactate:
Fructose 6-phosphate
Glycerophosphate
Oxaloacetate
Pyruvate
Glucose 6-phosphate
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient is diagnosed with alkaptonuria. Name a defect enzyme that causes this pathology:
Oxydase of homogentisine acid
Dioxyphenylalanine decarboxylase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Glutamate dehydrogenase
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Chronic overdosage of glucocorticoids leads to the development of hyperglycemia. What process of carbohydrate metabolism is responsible for this effect?
Glycogenolysis
Pentose-phosphate cycle
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenesis
Aerobic glycolisis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In compliance with the clinical presentations a man was prescribed pyri-doxalphosphate. What processes are corrected by this preparation?
Synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases
Desamination of purine nucleotides
Protein synthesis
Transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids
Oxidative decarboxilation of keto acids
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 2 year old child suffers from intestinal dysbacteriosis that lead to the development hemorrhagic syndrome. The most probable cause of hemorrhage is:
Hypocalcemia
Hypovitaminosis PP
Vitamin K deficiency
Fibrinogen deficiency
Activation of tissue thromboplastin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Toxic pulmonary edema was reproduced on a laboratory rat by means of ammonium chloride solution. What is the leading pathogenetic factor of this edema?
Increase of lymph outflow
Decrease of colloid osmotic pressure
Increase of venous outflow
Increased permeability of capillars
Disorder of neural and humoral regulation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 62 year old patient in grave comdition was admitted to the nerologi-cal department on account of cerebral hemorrhage. Objectively: hyperpnoe and rising of respiratory rate, then it falls to apnea, after that the cycle of respiratory movements restores. What respiratory type is it?
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Kussmaul’s respiration
Biot’s respiration
Gasping respiration
Apneustic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
The body temperature of a patient with an infectious disease rises once in two days up to 39,5 — 40,50C and stays so for about an hour and then drops to the initial level. What type of fever is it?
Hectic
Remittent
Atypical
Continued
Intermittent
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A woman after labor lost 20 kg of body weight, her hair and teeth fall out, she has muscle atrophy (hypophysial cachexia). Synthesis of what hypophysis hormone is disturbed?
Corticotrophic
Gonadotropic
Prolactin
Thyreotropic
Somatotropic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Poisoning with mercuric dichloride caused acute renal insufficiency that included 4 stages: 1) the initial one, 2) the stage of oligoanuria, 4) the stage of recovery. What is the third stage of acute renal insufficiency?
Ischemic
Polyuretic
Hemodynamic
Pathochemic
Metabolic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with pneumosclerosis has pulmonary hypertension and cardiac insuffisiency of right ventricle with ascites and edemata. What is the main pathogenetic mechanism of edemata development?
-
Rise of hydrostatic blood pressure in veins
Reduction of oncotic blood pressure
Increased permeability of vessel walls
Rise of oncotic pressure of intracellular fluid
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A year after subtotal stomach resection on account of ulcer of lesser curvature the following blood changes were revealed: anemia, leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia, color index -1,3, megaloblasts and megalocytes. What factor deficiency caused the development of thos pathology?
Hydrochloride acid
Gastrin
Castle’s factor
Pepsin
Mucin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 45 year old patient was taken to the hospital by an emergency team with serious cranial trauma in shock condition. Objectively: unconscious, skin is pale, body t0- 35,00C, low muscular tonus, reflexes are absent, pulse is rapid and weak, AP- 50/30 mm Hg. What clinical shock stage is it?
Terminal stage
Inhibition stage
Excitement stage
Torpid stage
Erectile stage
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After traumatic tooth extraction a patient complains of a severe dull pain without accurate localization in his gum, body temperature rise up to 37,50C. He was diagnosed with alveolitis. What type of pain does the patient have?
Visceral
Phantom
Referred
Protopathic
Epicritic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 12 year old boy came home from school and started complaining of headache, sickness, chill, periodical muscle pain, appetite loss, flabbiness. What period of illness are these symptoms typical for?
Prodromal
High point of illness
Incubative
End of illness
Latent
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Rabbits lived on food with addition of cholesterol. Five months later the atherosclerotic aorta changes were revealed. Name the main cause of atherogenesis in this case:
Overeating
Hypodynamia
Endogenous hypercholesterolemia
Exogenous hypercholesterolemia
-
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with primary nephrotic syndrome has the following content of whole protein: 40 g/l. What factor caused hypoproteinemia?
Increased proteolysis
Transition of protein from vessels to tissues
Reduced protein synthesis in liver
Disturbance of intestinal protein absorption
Proteinuria
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Laboratory rats that have been fed only with carbohydrate food for a long time display water accumulation in the tissues. What pathogenetic mechanism is the main cause of edema in this case?
Lymphogenic
Hypooncotic
Membranogenic
Disregulatory
Hyperosmolar
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with adenoma of glomeral zone of adrenal cortex (Conn’s disease) has arterial hypertension, convulsions, polyuria. What is the main link in pathogenesis of these disorders?
Aldosterone hypersecretion
Aldosterone hyposecretion
Catecholamine hypersecretion
Glucocorticoid hypersecretion
Glucocorticoid hyposecretion
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 30 year old man was exposed to irradiation with about 3 Gy. What blood change will be evident in 8 hours after irradiation?
Leukopenia
Anemy
Thrombocytopenia
Granulocytopenia
Lymphopenia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Four months ago a 43 year old patient had a traumatic amputation of his lower extrimity. Now he complains of sensing the amputated extremity and having constantly grave, sometimes unbearable pain in it. What type of pain does he have?
Phantom
Reflex
Causalgia
Neuralgia
Thalamic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In crisis period a 14 year old child ill with diphtheria has AP- 70/50 mm Hg accompanied by abrupt fall in temperature and tachycardia. What form of vascular tone disturbance is it?
Chronic hypotension
Essential arterial hypotension
-
Acute hypotension
Vegetovascular dystonia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient ill with jaundice has increased content of conjugated bilirubin and bile acids in blood, no stercobili-nogen in urine. What jaundice are these symptomps typical for?
Hepatic
Cythemolytic
Hepatocellular
Obstructive
Hemolytic
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A newborn child ill with pylorostenosis has frequent vomiting accompanied by apathy, weakness, muscular hypertonia, sometimes convulsions. What form of acid-base balance disorder has developed?
Nongaseous alkalosis
Gaseous alkalosis
Excretory acidosis
Metabolic acidosis
Gaseous acidosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 19 year old patient was diagnosed with chronic acquired hemolytic anemia. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of this pathology’s development?
Toxic hemolysis
Intracellular hemolysis
Hyposmolarity of plasm
Autoimmune hemolysis
Osmotic hemolysis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After recovering from epidemic parotiditis a patient began to lose weight, he was permanently thirsty, drank a lot of water, had frequent urination, voracious appetite. Now he has complaints of skin itch, weakness, furunculosis. His blood contains: glucose - 16 mmole/L, ketone bodies - 100 mcmole/L; glucosuria. What disease has developed?
Insulin-independent diabetes
Diabetes insipidus
Insulin-dependent diabetes
Malnutrition diabetes
Steroid diabetes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient fell into the ice hole, was chilled in the wind and taken ill. Body temperature rised up to 39, 70C and fluctuated from 39,00C to 39,80C. Name the type of patient’s temperature profile:
Febris continua
Febris intermittens
Febris remittens
Febris hectica
Febris recurrens
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with chronic myeloleukemia has presentations of anemy - decrease of erythrocyte number and hemoglobin content, oxyphil and polychromatophil normocytes, microcytes. What pathogenetic mechanism is the main for the development of this anemy?
Reduction of erythropoietin synthesis
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Intravascular erythrocyte hemolysis
Chronic hemorrhage
Replacement of erythrocytic shoot
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A diver who has been staying at the depth of 40 m for a long time fell ill with caisson disease as a result of decompression. The main pathogenetic factor is the following embolism:
Tissue
Paradoxical
Fat
Air
Gaseous
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Autopsy of a woman with cerebral atherosclerosis revealed in the left cerebral hemisphere a certain focus that is presented by flabby, anhistic, greyish and yellowish tissue with indistinct edges. What pathological process is the case?
Focal encephalitis
Multifocal tumor growth with cystic degeneration
Ischemic stroke
Senile encephalopathy
Multiple foci of fresh and old cerebral hemorrhage
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Histologic examination revealed a big number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in all layers of appendix; hyperemia, stases. What disease are these symptoms typical for?
Gangrenous appendicitis
Phlegmonous appendicitis
Superficial appendicitis
Chronic appendicitis
Simple appendicitis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Opening of a patient’s abdominal cavity revealed for about 2,0 L of purulent fluid. Peritoneum is dull, greyish, serous tunic of intestines has grayish layers that can be easily removed. It is most likely to be:
-
Tuberculous peritonitis
Serous peritonitis
Hemorrhagic peritonitis
Fibrinopurulent peritonitis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Tissue sample of soft palate arches that was taken because a tumor was suspected ( microscopic analysis revealed an ulcer with dense fundus) revealed mucous membrane necrosis, submucous layer was infiltrated by lymphocytes, epithelioid cells, plasmocytes, solitary neutrophils. There was also evident endovasculitis and perivasculitis. What desease are these changes typical for?
Primary syphilis
Aphthous stomatitis
Vensan’s ulcerative-necrotic stomatitis
Faucial diphteria
Ulcerative stomatitis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Histological examination of thyroid gland of a man who died from cardiac insufficiency accompanied by hypothyroidism revealed diffuse infiltration of the gland by lymphocytes and plasmocytes with formation of lymphoid follicles, as well as atrophy of parenchyma and growth of connective tissue. What is the most probable diagnosis?
-
Thyrotoxic goiter
Purulent thyroiditis
Autoimmune Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Adenoma of thyroid gland
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Post-mortem examination of a 5 year old boy who died from acute pulmonary and cardiac insufficiency revealed the following: serohemorrhagic tracheobronchitis with some necrotic areas of mucous membrane, multiple foci of hemorrhagic pneumonia in lungs. What disease is in question?
Scarlet fever
Croupous pneumonia
Measles
Diphtheria
Influenza
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Macroscopic examination of lung tissue revealed some areas of excessive airiness with small bubbles, histological examination registered thinning and rupture of alveolar septa and formation of big multiform cavities. What disease was revealed in the lung?
Chronic bronchitis
Fibrosing alveolitis
Pulmonary emphysema
Cavernous tuberculosis
Multiple bronchiectasis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of coronary arteries revealed atherosclerotic plaques with calcification that close tle lumen by 1/3. The muscle contains multiple small whitish layers of connective tissue. What process was revealed in myocardium?
Myocarditis
Diffuse cardiosclerosis
Tiger heart
Postinfarction cardiosclerosis
Myocardium infarction
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Microscopic analysis of tissue sampling from patient’s skin reveals granulomas that consist of epithelioid cells surrounded mostly by T-lymphocytes. Among epithelioid cells there are solitary giant multinuclear cells of Pirogov-Langhans type. In the centre of some granulomas there are areas of caseous necrosis. Blood vessels are absent. What disease are the described granulomas typical for?
Syphilis
Leprosy
Rhinoscleroma
Tuberculosis
Glanders
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a child who has recently recovered from measles revealed in the soft tissues of cheeks and perineum some inaccurate, edematic, red-and-black, slightly fluctuating areas. What complication is it?
Dry gangrene
Humid gangrene
Pressure sore
Gas gangrene
Trophic ulcer
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a patient who had been suffering from rheumatism for a long time revealed stenosis of mitral orifice, death was caused by cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency. Autopsy has shown brown induration of lungs. What type of circulation disturbance provokes such changes in lungs?
Acute right ventricular insufficiency
Portal hypertension
Chronic left ventricular insufficiency
Acute left ventricular insufficiency
Chronic right ventricular insufficiency
‹ Назад
Далі ›
On the 5th day of illness a 12 year old child who was treated in the infectious department on account of influenza felt severe headache, sickness, dizziness, got meningeal signs. The child died 24 hours later from increasing brain edema. Dissection of cranial cavity revealed that pia maters of brain are edematic, plethoric, saturated diffusively with bright red liquid. Convolutions and sulci of brain are flattened. What influenza complication is in question?
Suppurative leptomeningitis
Cerebral hemorrhage
Serous meningitis
Venous hyperemia of brain membranes
Hemorrhagic meningitis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Morphological examination of carious cavity floor differenciated distinctly three zones: the one of softened dentin, transparent dentin and replacing dentin. What stage of caries are these changes typical for?
Chronic caries
Deep caries
Median caries
Spot stage
Superficial caries
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Mucous membrane of the right palatine tonsil has a painless ulcer with smooth lacquer fundus and accurate edges of cartlaginous consistency. Microscopically: inflammatory infiltrate that consists of lymphocytes, plasmocytes, a small number of neutrophils and epithelioid cells; endovasculistis and perivasculitis. What disease is in question?
Syphilis
Actinomycosis
Pharyngeal diphtheria
Necrotic (Vincent’s) tonsillitis
Tuberculosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 22 year woman has enlarged lymphatic ganglions. Histological analysis of a ganglion revealed lymphocytes, histiocytes, reticular cells, small and great Hodgkin’s cells, multinuclear Reed-Sternberg cells, solitary foci of caseous necrosis. What disease are these changes typical for?
Chronic leukemia
Lymphogranulematosis
Cancer metastasis
Lymphosarcoma
Acute leukemia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 57 year old patient has periodic uterine bleedings. Diagnostic endometrectomy was performed. Biopsy material contains among the blood elements some glandular complexes of different sizes and forms that consist of atypic cells with hyperchromic nuclei and multiple mitoses (including pathological ones). What is the most probable diagnosis?
Adenocarcinoma
Glandular hyperplasia of endometrium
Endometritis
Chorioepithelioma
Fibromyoma of uterus
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Autopsy of a man who suffered from essential hypertension revealed a cavity with rustcoloured walls in the cerebral substunce. What preceded the appearance of these changes?
Hematoma
Plasmorrhagias
Abscess
Diapedetic hemorrhages
Ischemic infarction
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Autopsy of a man who died from ethylene glycol poisoning revealed that his kidneys are a little bit enlarged, edematic; their capsule can be easily removed. Cortical substance is broad and light-grey. Medullary substance is dark-red. What pathology had this man?
Necrotic nephrosis
Acute pyelonephritis
Lipoid nephrosis
Acute tubular-interstitial nephritis
Acute glomerulonephritis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During the histologic lung analysis of a man who died from cardiac insufficiency the inflammation focuses were revealed. Alveoles were full of light-pink fluid, here and there with pinkish fibers that formed a close-meshed reticulum with a small number of lymphocytes. What type of exudate is present in lungs?
Hemorrhagic
Purulent
Serous
Serofibrinous
Fibrinous
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 38 year old patient died during intractable attack of bronchial asthma. Histological examination revealed mucus accumulations in bronchi’s lumen, a lot of mast cells (labrocytes) in bronchi’s wall, some of these cells are degranulated, there are also many eosinophils. Name pathogenesis of these changes in bronchi:
Immune complex mechanism
Atopy, anaphylaxis
Cell-mediated cytolysis
Cytotoxic, cytolytic effect of antibodies
Granulematosis
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In course of gastric endoscopy the biopsy material of mucous membrane was taken. Its histological examination revealed the following: mucous membrane is intact, thickened, edematic, hyperemic, with small droplike hemorrhages, coated with thick mucus. Name the form of acute gastritis:
Necrotic
Purulent
Erosive
Fibrinous
Catarrhal
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient was taken to the hospital with complaints of headache, high temperature, frequent stool, stomach pain with tenesmus. Doctor made a clinical diagnosis dysentery and sent the material (excrements) to the bacteriological laboratory for analysis. What diagnostic method should the laboratory doctor use to confirm or to disprove the clinical diagnosis?
Biological
Bacterioscopic
Bacteriological
Allergic
Serological
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Bacteriological examination of purulent discharges from urethra revealed some bacteries that had negative Gram’s stain, resembled of coffee corns, decomposed glucose and maltose up to acid. They were located in leukocutes. What disease do they cause?
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Venereal lymphogranulomatosis
Soft chancre
Pseudocholera
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient in the oral surgery department has got purulent complication. Bacteriological analysis of the wound material found a culture that produces cyan pigment. What microorganism is the most probable causative agent?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Bacillus subtilis
Proteus vulgaris
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Sputum smears of a patient with chronic pulmonary disease were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen method and analyzed in the bacteriological laboratory. Microscopy revealed red bacillus. What property of tuberculosis myobacteria was found?
Encapsulation
Alcohol resistance
Acid resistance
Alkali resistance
Spore-formation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 7 year old girl was taken to an infectious diseases hospital. She had complaints of high temperature, sore throat, general weakness. A doctor assumed dyphteria. What will be crucial proof of diagnosis after defining pure culture of pathogenic organism?
Hemolytic ability of pathogenic orhani-sm
Detection of volutine granules
Toxigenity test
Cystinase test
Phagolysability
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Immune-enzyme reaction revealed in blood serum HBs-antigene. What disease is this antigene associated with?
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
AIDS
Viral hepatitis type A
Viral hepatitis type B
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Professional dentists belong to the risk group concerning professional infection with viral hepatitis type B. Name an effective method for active prevention of this disease among the dentists:
Vaccination with recombinant vaccine
Working with gum gloves on
Introduction of interferonogenes
Introduction of specific immunoglobuli-ne
Secure sterilization of medical instruments
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Microscopic analysis of tissue sampling from affected area of mucous membrane of oral cavity revealed bacillus in form of accumulations that looked like a pack of cigarettes. Ziehl-Neelsen staining gives them red colour. What kind of pathogenic organism was most likely revealed in tissue sampling?
M.tuberculosis
M.leprae
A.bovis
M.avium
A.israilii
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with clinical presentations of primary immunodeficiency displays disturbance of antigen-presenting function by immunocompetent cells. What cells may have structure defect?
B-lymphocytes
0- lymphocytes
Fibroblasts
Macrophages, monocytes
T-lymphocytes
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A doctor examined a patient with recurrent aphthous stomatitis with concominant candidosis and decided to eliminate a possibility of HIV-infection. What examination can help to clear the situation up and make a provisional diagnosis?
Reaction of hemagglutination
Immune-enzyme analysis
Gel precipitation reaction
Reaction of hemagglutination inhibition
Phase-contrasr microscopy
‹ Назад
Далі ›
On the territory of a certain region the mass death of rodents was observed. It was assumed that it may be caused by plague agent. What serological reaction should be applied for quick determination of antigene of this epizootic agent?
Precipitation reaction
Bordet-Gengou test
Neutralization reaction
Reaction of passive hemagglutination
Agglutination reaction
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 10 year old child was subjected to Mantoux test (with tuberculine). 48 hours later a papule up to 8 mm in diameter appeared on the site of tuberculine injection. What type of hyperesponsiveness reaction has developed after tuberculine injection?
Reaction of serum sickness type
Hyperresponsiveness reaction type IV
Atopic reaction
Reaction of Arthus phenomenon type
Hyperresponsiveness reaction type II
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During many infectious diseases patient’s blood may contain antigenes of pathogens. What reaction should be applied provided that antigenemia is at a low level?
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Reaction of indirect hemagglutination
Immunoelectrophoresis
Reaction of latex-agglutination
Agglutination reaction
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 58 year old patient was being prepared to cholecystectomy operation. Drug complex of narcosis pemedicati-on included benzohexamethonium. What part does this medication play in the narcosis?
Functional blockade of visceral reflexes
Relaxation of smooth muscles
Relaxation of skeletal muscles
Reduction of excitement stage
Increase of retrograde amnesia
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In an excitable cell the ion channells were blocked. It hasn’t changed essentially the value of rest potential, but the cell lost its ability to generate AP (action potential). What channels were blocked?
Calcium
Potassium
Natrium and potassium
Natrium
Chloric
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 25 year old patient had in the dentist’s room a sudden attack of bronchial asthma. The doctor gave him salbutamol in the form of inhalation. What is the mechanism of action of this preparation?
Stimulates 3v-adrenoreceptors
Blocks phosphodiesterase
Stimulates ^-adrenoreceptors
Blocks M-cholinergic receptors
Blocks Hi-histamine receptors
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 30 year old patient who was taken to the hospital with diagnosis acute glomerulonephritis has proteinuria. What disorder caused this occurance?
Decreased number of functioning nephrons
Increase of hydrostatic blood pressure in capillaries
Decreased oncotic pressure of blood plasma
Delayed excretion of nitrogen metabolism products
Increased permeability of renal filter
‹ Назад
Далі ›
During the ether narcosis a patient had evident bradycardia with threat of cardiac arrest. What medication should be used to accelerate heartbeat under condition of narcosis that shouldn’t be interrupted?
Atropine
Camphor
Caffeine
Adrenaline
Isadrine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with stomatitis was prescribed a medication of sulfanamide group. What is the mechanism of its antibacterial effect?
Protein coagulation
Inhibition of sulfhydric groups of thiol enzymes
Synthesis disturbance of cell membrane proteins
Competitive antagonism with para-aminobenzoic acid
Decrease of membrane permeability
‹ Назад
Далі ›
While the examination of patient’s oral cavity the dentist found xerostomia, numerous erosions. What vitamin deficit caused this effect?
Vitamin K
Vitamin PP
Vitamin P
Vitamin A
Vitamin H
‹ Назад
Далі ›
An unconscious patient was admitted to the hospital. Objectively: cold skin, miotic pupils, heavy breathing, Chaine-Stokes’ periodicity, low arterial pressure, overfull urinary bladder. What caused the poisoning?
Narcotic analgetics
Muscarinic receptor blockers
Tranquilizers
Nonnarcotic analgetics
-
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 30 year old patient consulted a doctor about having diarrhea and stomach aches for 5 days, temperature rise up to 37,50C with chills. The day before the patient was in a forest and drank some water from an open pond. He was diagnosed with amebic dysentery that was bacteriologically confirmed. Name the medication for treatment of this disease:
Phthalazole
Chloramphenicol
Emethine hydrochloride
Furasolidone
Metronidazole
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A surgeon cleansed his hands with 70% solution of ethyl alcochol before an operation. What is the main mechanism of preparation’s antiseptic effect upon microorganisms?
Dehydratation of protoplasm proteins
Blockade of sulfhydric groups of enzyme systems
Interaction with aminogroups of protoplasm proteins
Interaction with hydroxyl enzyme groups
Oxidation of organic protoplasm components
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Formaldehyde solution was applied for desinfection of nonmetallic instruments of surgical department. What chemical series does this antiseptic preparation belong to?
Aromatic series
Detergents
Halogenated compaunds
Aliphatic series
Alcochols
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with acute condition of duodenal ulcer was admitted to the hospital. Gastric juice analysis has shown increase of secretory and acid-producing function of stomach. Choose a medication that will reduce secretory function due to blockade of H2-receptors:
Atropine
Beladonna bell extraction
Platyphyllin
Ranitidine
Methacin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A stomatologists examined first-grade pupils and revealed that one of children had yellowish brown teeth, two of them were split. Heretofore the pupil was treated with 'some pills' on account of pneumonia. What medication could have had such a negative effect upon teeth?
Biseptol
Oxacillin
Ampicillin
Doxycycline
Erythromycin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
In course of an experiment the peripheral fragment of a cut vagus nerve on the dog’s neck was being stimulated. There was the following change of cardiac activity:
Increase of beat frequency and force
Increase of myocardium excitability
Decrease of beat frequency
Increase of beat force
Increased speed of excitement conduction through myocardium
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Name the drug group that can reduce need of myocardium for oxygene, decrease force of heartbeat and inhibit li-polysis:
3-adrenoceptor blockers
^-adrenoceptor blockers
Sympatholytics
Selective 3-adrenoceptor agonists
^-adrenoceptor agonists
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with thyreotoxicosis was prescribed a medication that inhibits enzyme systems taking part in synthesis of thyroid gland hormones. What medication is it?
Diiodotyrosine
Potassium iodide
Thyreoidine
Radioactive iodine
Mercazolile
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with tuberculosis was prescribed a certain medication as a part of complex therapy derivative of isonicotinic acid hydrazide. Name this preparation:
Isoniazide
Cephaloridine
Rifampicin
Kanamycin
Streptomycin sulfate
‹ Назад
Далі ›
After a surgical procedure a patient has got an enteroparesis. What anticholinesterase medication should be prescribed in this case?
Aceclidine
Pilocarpine
Carbacholine
Proserin
Acetylcholine
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has a slowly healing fracture. What medcine can be used to accelerate formation of connective tissue matrix?
Methyluracil
Methotrexate
Prednisolone
Cyclosporine
Cyclophosphan
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Removal of a foreign body from patient’s eye involves local anesthesia with lidocaine. What is the action mechanism of this medication?
It disturbs passing of Na+ through the membrane
It reduces passage of neuromediators
It inhibits cytochrome oxidase activity
It blocks passing of nitric oxide
It reduces dehydrogenase activity
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with myocardium infarction was prescribed an analgetic in order to stop pain syndrome. The patient felt better but overdose caused weakness, myosis, respiratory depression. What medication was prescribed?
Paracetamol
Sedalgine
Morphine
Baralgine
Ibuprofen
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient complains of painful cracks in mouth angles. What sulfanilamide can be recommended for local treatment of angular stomatitis?
Tetracycline ointment
Butadione ointment
Synthomycine liniment
Prednisolone ointment
Streptocide liniment
‹ Назад
Далі ›
What antihelmintic medication is used for stimulation of immune system in case of chronic generalized periodontitis?
Pyranthel
Piperidine adipinate
Pumpkin seeds
Chloxil
Levamisole
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has acute cardiac insufficiency resulting from essential hypertension. What medication will be the most appropriate in this case?
Digoxin
Cardiovalen
Corglycone
Caffeine
Cordiamin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient was operated on account of abdominal injury with application of tubocurarin. At the end of operation, after the respiration had been restored, the patient got injection of gentamicin. It caused a sudden respiratory standstill and relaxation of skeletal muscles. What effect underlies this phenomenon?
Potentiation
Antagonism
Sensitization
Habituation
Cumulation
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient has an acute painfullness of face skin. What nerve is damaged?
Trifacial
Oculomotor
Vagus
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A 3 year old child was admitted to the hospital with otitis. Pus is probable to spread from the tympanic cavity. Where can the pus get into?
Into internal ear
Into auditory tube
Into mastoid antrum
Into external acoustic duct
Into posterior cranial fossa
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient had his tooth extracted. The lingual surface of this tooth was smaller than the buccal one. Masti-catoty surface has oval form. Deep transverse sulcus separates buccal and lingual tubercles. The root is strongly compressed in mesio-distal direction and has longitudinal sulci on its aproximal surfaces, it is bifurcated. What tooth was extracted?
Upper canine
First upper premolar
Second upper premolar
Lower canine
First lower premolar
‹ Назад
Далі ›
Examination of a 16 year old boy revealed enlarged submandibular and cervical lymph nodes. The boy was subjected to biopsy. Microscopic examination of lymph nodes revealed: typical structure is obliterated, cell population is heterogenous, there are big cells with multilobe nuclei, multiple big mononuclear cells, eosinophilic and neutrophilic leukocytes, lymphocytes, besides that, there are necrotic areas and foci of sclerosis. What is the most probable diagnosis?
lymphogranulomatosis
Suppurative lymphadenitis
Granulomatous lymphadenitis
Lymph node hyperplasia
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
‹ Назад
Далі ›
A patient with streptococcal gingival infection was prescribed a medication that contains beta lactam ring in its structure. What preparation belongs to this group?
Rifampicin
Chloramphenicol
Streptomicin sulfate
Benzylpenicillin
Erythromycin
‹ Назад
Далі ›
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200