0%
1 із 200
00:00
1 із 200
A shepherd who has tended sheep together with dogs presents with chest pain and blood spitting. X-ray examination revealed a roundish neoplasm in his lungs. Immunological reactions confirmed the provisional diagnosis. Specify the helminth that might have caused this disease:
Echinococcus
Armed tapeworm
Common liver fluke
Broad tapeworm
Dwarf tapeworm
2 із 200
Sdudying the mitotic cycle phases of an onion root the researchers revealed a cell with chromosomes lying in equatorial plane in form of a star. What phase of mitosis is it?
Metaphase
Interphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Prophase
3 із 200
A patient has a right-sided fracture in the region of the frontal third of mandible accompanied by a haematoma in the region of chin. It is caused by the injury of the following artery:
Mental
Palatine
Facial
Lingual
Inferior labial
4 із 200
As a result of a cold a patient has the abnormal pain and temperature sensitivity of the frontal 2 /3 of his tongue. Which nerve must have been damaged?
Trigeminus
Vagus
Sublingual
Accessory
Glossopharyngeal
5 із 200
A patient was delivered to a hospital with the fracture of mandible and considerable bleeding in the region of fracture. What artery is likely to be dameged?
Inferior alveolar artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Superior alveolar artery
Ascending palatine artery
Lingual artery
6 із 200
It is required to anaesthetize the right lower molars. The proper injection site for the conduction anaesthesia is:
The region of the right mandibular foramen
The gums to the right of mandible
The region of the oval foramen
The region of the right mental foramen
The region of suborbital foramen
7 із 200
Trauma of occipital region of head resulted in crack fracture in the region of transverse sinus. What part of occipital bone is damaged?
Squama
Condyle
Right lateral
Proximal
Left lateral
8 із 200
Examination of a 32-year-old patient revealed disproportional skeleton size, enlargement of superciliary arches, nose, lips, tongue, jaw bones, feet. What gland’s function was disturbed?
Hypophysis
Suprarenal
Thyroid
Epiphysis
Pancreas
9 із 200
After a trauma of soft tissues in the region of the posterior sorface of medial condyle of humerus a patient has got a skin prickle of medial forearm surface. Which of the listed nerves is located in the affected region?
N.ulnaris
N.musculocutaneu
N.subscapularis
N.radialis
N.dorsalis scapularis
10 із 200
A boy has fallen down from a tree. Now he finds it difficult to abduct his arm into horizontal position. Which muscle is most likely to be injured?
M.deltoideus
M.supinator
M.coracobrachialis
M.triceps brachii
M.anconeus
11 із 200
A 60-year-old patient has problems with formation and moving of food mass, it disturbs eating process. His tongue is stiff, speaking is impossible. What nerve is damaged?
XII
VII
XI
IX
V
12 із 200
A female patient with a tumour of pancreas has developed mechanic jaundice resulting from compression of a bile-excreting duct. Which duct is compressed?
Ductus choledochus
Ductus hepaticus sinister
Ductus cysticus
Ductus hepaticus communis
Ductus hepaticus dexter
13 із 200
A 28-year-old woman has been diagnosed with extrauterine pregnancy complicated by tha fallopian tube rupture. The blood is most likely to penetrate the following peritoneal space:
Rectouterine
Vesicouterine
Right mesenteric sinus
Intersigmoid sinus
Left mesenteric sinus
14 із 200
A 35-year-old patient diagnosed with sterility came to gynaecological department for diagnostic biopsy of endometrium. Microscopic examination revealed that mucous membrane is edematous, uterine glands are convoluted and filled with thick secreta. Such changes in the endometrium are caused by excess of the following hormon:
Progesterone
Estrogen
Testosterone
Somatotropin
ACTH
15 із 200
Wound healing is accompanied by the development of a connective tissue cicatrice which is formed on the site of the tissue defect. What cells are responsible for this process?
Fibroblasts
Fibrocytes
Mastocytes
Macrophages
Melanocytes
16 із 200
An electron microphotograph of duodenal epithelium clearly shows a cell with electron-dense granules in the basal pole. What cell is it?
Endocrine
Goblet
Parietal
Prismatic with a limbus
Poorly differentiated
17 із 200
Gastroscopy of a patient revealed lack of mucus coating the mucous membrane. This may be caused by the dysfunction of the following cells of gastric wall:
Cells of prismatic glandular epithelium
Cervical cells
Endocrinocytes
Parietal cells of gastric glands
Main exocrinocytes
18 із 200
As a result of a development anomaly a newborn has malformation of major salivary glands. This anomaly is caused by the damage of the following embryonal structure:
Ectoderm
Mesenchyme
Entoderm
Splanchnotom
Somites
19 із 200
During postembryonal haemopoiesis in the red bone marrow the cells of one of the cellular differons demonstrate a gradual decrease in cytoplasmic basophilia as well as an increase in oxyphilia, the nucleus is being forced out. Such morphological changes are typical for the following haemopoiesis type:
Erythropoiesis
Lymphopoiesis
Neutrophil cytopoiesis
Basophil cytopoiesis
Eosinophil cytopoiesis
20 із 200
Microspecimen of a child’s finger skin reveals subnormal development of epidermis. What embryonic leaf was damaged in course of development?
Ectoderm
Ectomesenchyma
Mesenchyma
Mesoderm
Entoderm
21 із 200
A microspecimen of heart shows rectangular cells from 50 to 120 mcm large with central position of nucleus, developed myofibrils. The cells are connected by intercalated discs. These cells are responsible for the following function:
Function of heart contractions
Function of impulse conduction
Protective
Regeneratory
Endocrine
22 із 200
Obliterating atherosclerosis causes changes in the vessels of the lower extermities. A histological specimen of such a vessel evidently presents both internal and external elastic membranes, middle membrane contains a lot of myocytes. What vessel is affected in case of this disease?
Artery of muscular type
Artery of mixed type
Lymph node
Vein with strongly developed muscles
Artery of elastic type
23 із 200
While a 24-year-old woman was waiting for tooth extraction, tonus of sympathetic part of autonomic nervous system rose. What reaction will the patient display?
Increased frequency of heartbeat
Hyperperistalsis
Hypersecretion of digestive juices
Miotic pupils
Bronchus constriction
24 із 200
A 30-year-old woman has subnormal concentration of enzymes in the pancreatic juice. This might be caused by the hyposecretion of the following gastrointestinal hormone:
Cholecystokinin-pancreozymin
Somatostatin
Secretin
Gastro-inhibiting peptide
Vaso-intestinal peptide
25 із 200
A month after surgical constriction of rabbit’s renal artery the considerable increase of systematic arterial pressure was observed. What of the following regulation mechanisms caused the animal’s pressure change?
Angiotensin-II
Serotonin
Noradrenaline
Adrenaline
Vasopressin
26 із 200
A child has abnormal formation of tooth enamel and dentin as a result of low concentration of calcium ions in blood. Such abnormalities might be caused by deficiency of the following hormone:
Parathormone
Thyrocalcitonin
Somatotropic hormone
Thyroxin
Triiodothyronine
27 із 200
A man permanently lives high in the mountains. What changes of blood characteristics can be found in his organism?
Increase of erythrocytes number
Erythroblasts in blood
Decrease of hemoglobin content
Decrease of colour index of blood
Decrease of reticulocytes number
28 із 200
A sportsman was examined after an intensive physical activity. The examination revealed disorder of movement coordination but the force of muscle contractions remained the same. It can be explained by retarded speed of excitement conduction through:
Central synapses
Afferent nerves
Neuromuscular synapses
Conduction tracts
Efferent nerves
29 із 200
After a tourniquet application a patient was found to have petechial haemorrhages. The reason for it is the dysfunction of the following cells:
Platelets
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
30 із 200
After a hemorrhage into the brainstem a patient has lost reflex of myosis as a reaction to increase of illumination. What structure was damaged?
Vegetative nuclei of oculomotor nerve
Medial reticular nuclei
Lateral reticular nuclei
Black substance
Red nuclei
31 із 200
A patient under test was subjected to a moderate physical stress. His minute blood volume amounted 10 l/min. What blood volume was pumped through his lung vessels every minute?
10 l/min
6 l/min
5 l/min
7 l/min
4 l/min
32 із 200
A patient presents with the following motor activity disturbances: tremor, ataxia and asynergia movements, dysarthria. The disturbances are most likely to be localized in:
Cerebellum
Limbic system
Brainstem
Medulla oblongata
Basal ganglions
33 із 200
The value of basal metabolism of a man under examination exceeds the due value by 8%. This means that the man has the following intensity of energy metabolism processes:
Normal
Considerably increased
Moderately decreased
Considerably decreased
Moderately increased
34 із 200
A man has a considerable decrease in diuresis as a result of 1,5 l blood loss. The primary cause of such diuresis disorder is the hypersecretion of the following hormone:
Vasopressin
Parathormone
Natriuretic
Corticotropin
Cortisol
35 із 200
Examination of a child who hasn’t got fresh fruit and vegetables during winter revealed numerous subcutaneous hemorrhages, gingivitis, carious cavities in teeth. What vitamin combination should be prescribed in this case?
Ascorbic acid and rutin
Calciferol and ascorbic acid
Riboflavin and nicotinamide
Thiamine and pyridoxine
Folic acid and cobalamin
36 із 200
A man is in the state of rest. He has been forcing himself to breath deeply and frequently for 3-4 minutes. What effect will it have upon acid-bace balance of the organism?
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
There will be no change in acid-base balance
Metabolic acidosis
37 із 200
A 34-year-old patient has low endurance of physical loads. At the same time skeletal muscles have increased concentration of glycogen. This is caused by the reduced activity of the following enzyme:
Glycogen phosphorylase
Glucose-6-phosphatase
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Glycogen synthase
Phosphofructokinase
38 із 200
A patient has been delivered to a hospital with a provisional diagnosis of progressing muscle dystrophy. This diagnosis can be confirmed by the increased concentration of the following substance found in urine:
Kreatine
Pyruvate
Hydroxyproline
Carnosine
Troponin
39 із 200
Before the cells can utilize the glucoze, it is first transported from the extracellular space through the plasmatic membrane inside theml. This process is stimulated by the following hormone:
Insulin
Aldosterone
Glucagon
Thyroxin
Adrenalin
40 із 200
Parodontitis is treated with calcium preparations and a hormone that stimulates tooth mineralization and inhibits tissue resorption. What hormone is it?
Calcitonin
Parathormone
Aldosterone
Thyroxine
Adrenalin
41 із 200
After implantation of a cardiac valve a young man constantly takes indirect anticoagulants. His state was complicated by hemorrhage. What substance content has decreased in blood?
Prothrombin
Creatin
Ceruloplasmin
Haptoglobin
Heparin
42 із 200
Chronic overdosage of glucocorticoids leads to the development of hyperglycemia. What process of carbohydrate metabolism is responsible for this effect?
Gluconeogenesis
Aerobic glycolisis
Pentose-phosphate cycle
Glycogenolysis
Glycogenesis
43 із 200
After prolonged exercising people usually experience intense muscle pain. What is its most likely cause?
Accumulation of lactic acid in muscles
Accumulation of creatinine in muscles
Increased concentratioon of ADP in muscles
Intensified disintegration of muscle proteins
Increased muscle excitability
44 із 200
A 62-year-old patient with cerebral haemorrhage was admitted to the neurological department in grave condition. Objectively: increase of respiration depth and rate with its following reduction to apnoea, thereafter respiration cycle restores. What respiration type is it?
Cheyne-Stokes
Gasping
Kussmaul’s
Apneustic
Biot’s
45 із 200
A patient with diabetes mellitus lapsed into diabetic coma as a result of acid-base disbalance. Specify the type of disbalance:
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Non-gaseous alkalosis
Gaseous alkalosis
46 із 200
An employee was working with radioactive substances and as a result of an incident he was irradiated with 4 Gy. He complains about headache, nausea, di-zzyness. What changes of blood formula can be expected 10 hours after irradiation?
Neutrophilic leukocytosis
Neutropenia
Agranulocytosis
Leukopenia
Lymphocytosis
47 із 200
A patient with a trigeminus inflammation has been suffering from progressing parodontitis for the last few years. What is the leading factor in the parodontitis development in this case?
Neurodystrophical changes in parodentium
Hypoactivity of leukocytic elastase
Hypoactivity of kallicrein-kinin system
Increase of vagus tonus
Low immunoglobulin production
48 із 200
After the traumatic tooth extraction a patient is complaining of acute, dull, poorly-localized pain in gingiva, body temperature rise up to 37,5oC. The patient has been diagnosed with alveolitis. Specify the kind of pain in this patient:
Protopathic
Heterotopic
Epicritic
Phantom
Visceral
49 із 200
A patient with anacydic gastritis has the following blood formula: erythrocytes - 2,5 • 1012/l; Hb - 50 g/l; colour index - 0,6; reticulocytes - 0,02%; microcytosis. What type of anaemia is it?
Iron-deficient
Folic acid-deficient
Protein-deficient
Hypoplastic
Aplastic
50 із 200
A 50-year-old male patient suffers from chronic bronchitis, complains about dyspnea during physical activity, sustained cough with sputum. After examination he was diagnosed with pulmonary emphysema. This complication is caused by:
Decrease in lung elasticity
Decrease in lung compliance
Ventilation-perfusion disbalance
Decrease in lung perfusion
Decrease in alveolar ventilation
51 із 200
A patient suffering from chronic myeloleukemia has got the following symptoms of anemia: decreased number of erythrocytes and low haemoglobin concentration, oxyphilic and polychromatophilic normocytes, microcytes. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of anemia development?
Substitution of haemoblast
Intravascular hemolysis of erythrocytes
Deficiency of vitamin B12
Chronic haemorrhage
Reduced synthesis of erythropoietin
52 із 200
Autopsy of a woman with cerebral atherosclerosis revealed in the left cerebral hemisphere a certain focus that is presented by flabby, anhistic, greyish and yellowish tissue with indistinct edges. What pathological process is the case?
Ischemic stroke
Senile encephalopathy
Multifocal tumor growth with cystic degeneration
Focal encephalitis
Multiple foci of fresh and old cerebral hemorrhage
53 із 200
Examination of a 30-year-old man’s mandible revealed in the region of his molar a dense tumour-like formation that significantly deformed the mandible. Here and there the formation wasn’t fully detached from the bone tissue. Microscopical examination of a tissue sampling revealed that stroma had some cords and follicles with odontogenous cylindric epithelial cells in peripheria and stellate cells resembling of the enamel oragan pulp in the centre. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Ameloblastoma
Adenomatoid tumour
Primary intraosteal cancer
Adenocarcinoma
Osteoclastoma
54 із 200
Histological examination of a lymph node removed from the posterior triangle of neck of an 18year-old patient revealed some cell agglomerations that included single multinuclear ReedSternberg cells, major Hodgkin’s cells, minor Hodgkin’s cells and many lymphocytes, single plasmatic cells, eosinophils. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Lymphogranulomatosis
Nodular lymphoma
Chronic lymphoid leukosis
Burkitts tumour
Lymphocytic lymphoma
55 із 200
A female patient suffering from secondary syphilis got foci of skin depi- gmentation in the upper parts of her back. What pathological process is it?
Leukoderma
Leukoplasia
Parakeratosis
Metaplasia
Dysplasia
56 із 200
A 14-year-old patient has been diagnosed with Hutchinson’s triad: screwdriver-shaped teeth, parenchymatous keratitis and deafness. What disease are these signs typical for?
Syphilis
Opisthorchiasis
Tuberculosis
Lepra
Toxoplasmosis
57 із 200
Macroscopic examination of lung tissue revealed areas of high airiness with small bubbles, histological examination revealed thinning and rupture of alveolar septa accompanied by formation of large diversiform cavities. What disease was revealed in a lung?
Pulmonary emphysema
Multiple bronchiectasis
Chronic bronchitis
Cavernous tuberculosis
Fibrosing alveolitis
58 із 200
A 55-year-old man had been suffering from chronic glomerulonephritis. He died from chronic renal failure. Macroscopi-cal examination revealed on the surface of epicardium and pericardium some greyish-white villous depositions. After their removal dilated and plethoric vessels were uncovered. What process took place in the pericardium?
Fibrinous inflammation
Organization
Haemorrhagic inflammation
Proliferative inflammation
Arterial hyperemia
59 із 200
Autopsy of a man, who died from typhoid fever on the 5th day of disease, revealed the following changes: aggregated follicles of ileum were enlarged and plethoric; they protruded over the mucous membrane, and multiple sulci and convolutions could be seen on their surface. Histological examinatio revealed plethority and edema of tissues, presense of granulomas composed of big cells with light cytoplasm and containing typhoid bacilli. These local changes are compliant with the following period of typhoid fever:
Stage of medullary swelling
Stage of ulceration
Stage of clean ulcers
Stage of ulcer healing
Stage of necrosis
60 із 200
Autopsy of a man who had tuberculosis revealed a 3x2 cm large cavity in the superior lobe of the right lung. The cavity was interconnected with a bronchus, its wall was dense and consisted of three layers: the internal layer was pyogenic, the middle layer was made by tuberculous granulation tissue and the external one was made by connective tissue. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Fibrous cavernous tuberculosis
Fibrous focal tuberculosis
Acute focal tuberculosis
Tuberculoma
Acute cavernous tuberculosis
61 із 200
Autopsy of a 68-year-old man who died from chronic cardiac insufficiency revealed deformed, thickened, conjoined cusps of mitral valve. Along the edge of joining there were small (1-2 mm) thrombs. What form of endocarditis caused development of chronic cardiac insufficiency?
Recurrent verrucous
Diffuse
Fibroplastic
Acute verrucous
Polypoulcerous
62 із 200
A 57-year-old patient experiences periodical uterine haemorrhages. Diagnostic biopsy of lining of uterus has revealed among the blood elements some glandular complexes of different forms and sizes made by atypic cells having hyperchromic nuclei with multiple mitoses (including pathological ones). What is the most likely diagnosis?
Adenocarcinoma
Uterus fibromyoma
Chorioepithelioma
Glandular endometrium hyperplasia
Endometritis
63 із 200
Autopsy of a man who died from ethylene glycol poisoning revealed that his kidneys are a little bit enlarged, edematic; their capsule can be easily removed. Cortical substance is broad and light-grey. Medullary substance is dark- red. What pathology had this man?
Necrotic nephrosis
Acute glomerulonephritis
Lipoid nephrosis
Acute tubular-interstitial nephritis
Acute pyelonephritis
64 із 200
Bacterioscopy of nasopharyngeal mucus taken from a 2,5-year-old child with nasopharyngitis revealed grampositive diplococci looking like coffee grains. What organs of the child are most likely to be affected if these microorganisms penetrate the blood?
Brain tunics
Renal glomeruli
Cardiac valves
Urogenital tracts
Lymph nodes
65 із 200
Histologic analysis of uterus mucous membrane revealed twisting glands, serrated and spinned, they were extended by stroma growth with proliferation of its cells. Formulate a diagnosis:
Glandular hyperplasia of endometrium
Placental polyp
Cystic mole
Leiomyoma
Acute endometritis
66 із 200
Analysis of sputum taken from a patient with suspected pneumonia revealed rather elongated gram-positive diplococci with somewhat pointed opposite ends. What microorganisms were revealed in the sputum?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Staphylococcus aureus
67 із 200
Serological diagnostics of infectious diseases is based upon specific interaction with antigenes. Specify the serological reaction that underlies adhesion of microorganisms when they are affected by specific antibodies in presence of an electrolyte:
Agglutination reaction
Neutralization reaction
Complement-binding reaction
Hemadsorption reaction
Precipitation reaction
68 із 200
The immunoblot detected gp120 protein in the blood serum. This protein is typical for the following disease:
HIV-infection
Syphilis
Virus B hepatitis
Tuberculosis
Poliomyelitis
69 із 200
A patient of oral surgery department has developed a purulent complication. Bacteriological analysis of the wound discharge allowed to isolate a culture producing a blue-and-green pigment. Which of the listed microorganisms may be a causative agent of the infection?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Bacillus subtilis
Proteus vulgaris
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Staphylococcus epidermidis
70 із 200
Dentists are at increased risk of being infected with the type B hepatitis. What preparation should be used for reliable active prevention of this disease?
Recombinant vaccine of HBsAg proteins
Antihepatitis serum
Monoclonal HBsAg antibodies
Live type B hepatitis vaccine
Specific immunoglobulin
71 із 200
HIV has gp41 and gp120 on its surface interacts with target cells of an organism. Which of the following human lymphocyte antigens is gp120 complementary bound with?
CD 4
CD 8
CD 3
CD 19
CD 28
72 із 200
A 65-year-old patient with chronic heart failure has been taking digitoxin in self-administered dosages for a long time. She was admitted to the hospital for general health aggravation, arrhythmia, nausea, reduced diuresis, insomnia. What is the primary action to be taken?
To withhold digitoxin
To administer strophanthine intravenously
To administer digoxin
To reduce digitoxin dosage
To give an intravenous injection of calcium gluconate solution
73 із 200
A patient has myocardial infarcti- on with thrombosis of the left coronary artery. What pharmocological preparation group should be used to reestablish blood flow?
Fibrinolysis activators
Glucocorticoids
a-adrenergic blockers
Narcotic analgesics
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
74 із 200
For the purpose of disinfection of nonmetallic surgical instruments the formaldehyde solution was used. What group does this anticeptic preparation belong to according to its chemical structure?
Aliphatics
Aromatics
Halogenated compounds
Alcohols
Detergents
75 із 200
Before the infiltration anaesthesia a patient had been tested for sensitivity to novocaine. The reaction turned out to be positive. Which of the below listed drugs can be used for anaesthetization in this case?
Lidocaine
Anesthezin
Tetracaine
Trimecaine
Procainamide hydrochloride
76 із 200
A stomatologists examined first-grade pupils and revealed that one of children had yellowish brown teeth, two of them were split. Heretofore the pupil was treated with 'some pills' on account of pneumonia. What medication could have had such a negative effect upon teeth?
Doxycycline
Oxacillin
Biseptol
Ampicillin
Erythromycin
77 із 200
A patient has a slowly healing fracture. What medicine can be used to accelerate formation of connective tissue matrix?
Methyluracil
Prednisolone
Cyclosporine
Cyclophosphan
Methotrexate
78 із 200
Leukoses are treated with anti- metabolite methotrexate. What vitamin is its antagonist?
Folic acid
Phyllochinone
Rutin
Cyanocobalamin
Piridoxine
79 із 200
A patient consulted a dentist about the temporomandibular joint arthritis. The dentist administered an ointment containing diclofenac sodium. What is its mechanism of action?
Cyclooxigenase inhibition
Phospholipase inhibition
Cyclooxigenase activation
Opiate receptor activation
Opiate receptor block
80 із 200
As a result of a trauma a patient has damaged anterior roots of spinal cord. What structures have been affected?
Axons of motoneurons and axons of neurons of lateral horns
Axons of neurons of lateral horns
Central processes of sensitive neurons of spinal ganglions
Dendrites of neurons of spinal ganglions
Peripheral processes of sensitive spinal ganglions
81 із 200
A woman who had taken alcohols during her pregnancy had a child with cleft palate and upper lip. These presentations are indicative of some chromosomal anomalies. What process do they result from?
Teratogenesis
Phylogenesis
Carcinogenesis
Mutagenesis
Ontogenesis
82 із 200
A 67-year-old patient ordered a full functional denture. It was necessary to extract his left upper canine. After infraorbital anaesthesia a patient presented with a progressing haematoma in the frontal part of his face. The patient was found to have an injury of an artery which is the branch of:
A. maxillaris
A. labialis superior
A. temporalis superficialis
A. ophthalmica
A. facialis
83 із 200
The contents of vesicles that appeared on the mucous membrane of a patient with variola was sent to a virological laboratory. Which of the listed changes were revealed during the smear microscopy?
Paschen bodies
Babes-Negri bodies
Guarnieri bodies
Babes-Ernst bodies
Syncytium
84 із 200
Examination of a 40-year-old man ill with stenosing (without metastases) esophageal carcinoma revealed the folowing changes: atrophy of skeletal muscles and fatty tissue. His skin is sallow, epidermis is attenuated, heart has grown smaller. Myocardium and liver are brown. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Alimentary cachexia
Cancerous cachexia
Addison’s disease
Brown atrophy
Myasthenia
85 із 200
While examining a blood smear taken form a patient and stained by Romanovsky’s method a doctor revealed some protozoa and diagnozed the patient with Chagas disease. What protozoan is the causative agent of this disease?
Trypanosoma cruzi
Leishmania donovani
Leishmania tropica
Toxoplasma gondii
Trypanosoma brucei
86 із 200
A patient underwent esophagogastroduoder Analysis of the biopsy material enabled doctors to diagnose him with heli-cobacteriosis. What property of the bacteria found in this patient had to be obligatory taken into account during their cultivation?
Microaerophilic ability
Presence of urease
Presence of six polar flagella
Absence of spores and capsules
Colonisation of gastral cells
87 із 200
A 38-year-old man died all of a sudden. Autopsy revealed myocardial infarction in the posterior wall of the left ventricle. What are the most likely alterations in myocardiocyte structure that can be revealed microscopically in the infarction focus?
Karyolysis
Calcification
Carbohydrate degeneration
Adipose degeneration
Protein degeneration
88 із 200
A patient at the early stage of diabetes mellitus was found to have polyuria. What is its cause?
Hyperglycemia
Hyperkaliemia
Hypocholesterolemia
Ketonemia
Hypercholesterolemia
89 із 200
An 18-year-old boy applied to a geneticist. The boy has asthenic constitution: narrow shoulders, broad pelvis, nearly hairless face. Evident mental deficiency. The provisional diagnosis was Klinefelter’s syndrome. What method of clinical genetics will enable the doctor to confirm this diagnosis?
Cytogenetic
Population-and-statistical
Genealogical
Dermatoglyphics
Twin study
90 із 200
During cytoscopy mucous membrane of urinary bladder normally makes folds except for a single triangular area with smooth mucosa. This triangle is located in the following part of urinary bladder:
Bladder floor
Bladder body
Bladder isthmus
Bladder cervix
Bladder apex
91 із 200
A 67-year-old patient has atherosclerosis of cardiac and cerebral vessels. Examination revealed hyperlipidemia. What class of blood plasma lipoproteids is most important in atherosclerosis pathogenesis?
Low-density lipoproteids
Chylomicrons
High-density lipoproteids
-
a-lipoproteids
92 із 200
After a serious psychoemotional stress a 48-year-old patient suddenly developed acute heart ache irradiating to the left arm. Nitroglycerine relieved pain after 10 minutes. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of this process development?
Spasm of coronary arteries
Obstruction of coronary vessels
Increase in myocardial oxygen consumption
Dilatation of peripheral vessels
Compression of coronary vessels
93 із 200
A comatose patient has been delivered to a hospital. He has a 5-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objectively: breathing is deep and noisy, there is a smell if acetone around the patient. The concentration of glucose in blood is 15,2 millimole/l, of ketone bodies - 100 micromole/l. These disorders are typical for the following complication of this disease:
Ketoacidotic coma
Hypoglycemic coma
Hepatic coma
Hyperosmolar coma
Hyperglycemic coma
94 із 200
A 42-year-old patient complains of pain in the epigastral area, vomiting; vomit masses have the colour of 'coffee-grounds', the patient has also melena. Anamnesis records gastric ulcer. Blood formula: erythrocytes - 2,8 • 1012/l, leukocytes - 8 • 109/l, Hb- 90 g/l. What complication is it?
Haemorrhage
Perforation
Penetration
Pyloric stenosis
Canceration
95 із 200
While under barbituric anaesthesia a 65-year-old male patient developed respiratory inhibition. Anesthesiologist made him a 10 ml intravenous injection of 0,5% bemegride solution. The patient’s condition got better, the pulmonary ventilation volume increased. What phenomenon underlies the interaction of these medi-vcations?
Direct antagonism
Indirect antagonism
Direct synergism
Unilateral antagonism
Indirect synergism
96 із 200
A blood sample of a pregnant woman was typed. Erythrocyte-agglutination reaction was present with standard sera 0a, ft (I), Ba(lII), reaction was absent with the serum Aft(II). The blood under examination relates to the following group:
Ap(II)
AB (IV)
0 a, p(I )
Ba(III)
-
97 із 200
After the second abortion a 23-year-old woman has been diagnosed with toxoplasmosis. Which drug should be used for toxoplasmosis treatment?
Co-trimoxazole
Azidothimidine
Mebendazole
Acyclovir
Itraconazole
98 із 200
After 4 months of treatment for tuberculosis the patient began complaining of toes and fingers numbness, sensation of creeps. He was diagnosed with polyneuritis. What antituberculous drug might have caused these complications?
Isoniazid
Rifampicin
Sodium salt of benzylpenicillin
Ciprofloxacin
Alcohol iodine solution
99 із 200
As a result of a trauma apatient has developed traumatic shock. The patient is fussy, talkative, pale. AP- 140/90 mm Hg, Ps- 120 bpm. This condition is consistent with the following shock phase:
Erectile
-
Terminal
Torpid
Latent
100 із 200
According to the phenotypic diagnosis a female patient has been provisionally diagnosed with X-chromosome polysomia. This diagnosis can be confirmed by a cytogenetic method. What karyotype will allow to confirm the diagnosis?
47(XXX)
48( XXXY )
48( XXYY )
46( XX )
47( XXY )
101 із 200
As a result of a chest trauma the costal cartilage was damaged. The cartilage regenerates due to the following layer of perichondrium:
Chondrogenic
Sharpey’s fibers
Fibrous
Elastic
Collagen
102 із 200
There is a strict time limit for people to stay at a height of 8000 m above sea level without oxigen cyllinders. Specify the life-limiting factor in this case:
Partial pressure of oxygen in air
Rate of ultraviolet radiation
Earth gravity
Humidity rate
Temperature
103 із 200
A woman consulted an otolaryngologist about an olfactory disorder. Examination revealed atrophic alterations of regio olfactoria of the nasal cavity mucosa. Where is it located?
In the region of superior nasal meatus
-
In the region of median nasal meatus
In the region of common nasal meatus
In the region of inferior nasal meatus
104 із 200
A patient with evident pneumosclerosis that developed after infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis presents with respiratory failure. What is its pathogenetic type?
Restrictive
Disregulative
Apneustic
Obstructive
Reflectory
105 із 200
Microscopic study of an endocrine gland revealed that its parenchyma consisted of follicular structures. Their wall was formed by monolayer cubic epithelium, and their cavity was filled up with oxyphilic substance. What hormon is secreted by this gland?
Thyroxin
Parathyrin
Oxytocin
Cortisol
Aldosterone
106 із 200
A patient has been diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis that developed after he had had streptococcal infection. It is most likely that the affection of basal glomerular membrane is caused by an allergic reaction of the following type:
Immune complex
Stimulating
Cytotoxic
Delayed
Anaphylactic
107 із 200
A sportsman needs to improve his sporting results. He was recommended a drug containing carnitine. What process is activated by this compound in the first place?
Transport of fatty acids
Transport of amino acids
Transport of glucose
Transport of calcium ions
Transport of vitamin K
108 із 200
An embryon has signs of disturbed process of dorsal mesoderm segmentation and somite generation. What part of skin is most likely to have developmental abnormalities?
Derma
Epidermis
Sebaceous glands
Sudoriferous glands
Hair
109 із 200
An elderly patient has chronic constipations induced by large intestine hypotonia. What drug should be administered?
Bisacodyl
Sodium sulphate
Novocaine amide
Atropine
Castor oil
110 із 200
Morphological examination of an amputated gangrenous extremity revealed that the lumen of femoral artery was constricted due to stony, partly ulcerated plaques with obturating thrombi. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Atherosclerosis
Nodular periarthritis
Obliterating endartheriitis
Non-specific aortoartheriitis
Obliterating thromboangiitis
111 із 200
Examination of patients with periodontitis revealed the interdependence between the rate of affection of periodontal tissues and the amount of lysozymes in saliva and gingival liquid. These results can be obtained during studying the following protection system of an organism:
Non-specific resistance
Autoresponsiveness
Tolerance
Cellular immunity
Humoral immunity
112 із 200
Specific prophylaxis involved application of a vaccine containing microorganisms and exotoxin detoxicated by formalin. It relates to the following type of vaccine:
Combined
Anatoxin
Live
Genetically engineered
Chemical
113 із 200
A 30-year-old driver complains of allergic rhinitis that usually excerbates in spring. He has been administered an antihistamine drug with a slight sedative effect and 24-hour period of action. Which of the listed drugs has been administered?
Loratadine
Dimedrol
Vicasol
Heparin
Oxytocin
114 із 200
A patient consulted an otolaryngologist about voice changes. Examination revealed a tumour within the posterior part of rima vocalis. This part is located between the following cartilages of larynx:
Cartilago arytenoidea
Cartilago thyroidea
Cartilago cricoidea
Cartilago cuneiformis
Cartilago corniculata
115 із 200
After restoration of blood circulation in damaged tissue accumulation of lactate comes to a stop and speed of glucose consumption slows down. These metabolic changes are caused by activation of the following process:
Aerobic glycolysis
Anaerobic glycolysis
Lipolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogen biosynthesis
116 із 200
A patient with epilepsy and depressive reaction has been administered a drug that reduced epilepsy manifestations and improved the patient’s psychic condition.
Sodium valproate
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Amitriptyline
Ethosuxemide
117 із 200
To prevent possible negative effect upon the gastric mucsa a patient with rheumatoid arthritis was administered a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug - a COX-2 selective inhibitor. Specify this drug:
Celecoxib
Analgine
Butadion
Acetylsalicinic acid
Ibuprofen
118 із 200
As a result of dysfunction of protein synthesis in liver a patient with hepatic insufficiency has disturbed synthesis of procoagulants, prothrombin, fibrinogen. Which of the listed syndromes can be expected in this patient?
Haemorrhagic
Hepatolienal syndrome
Acholia syndrome
Portal haemorrhagic syndrome
Cholaemia syndrome
119 із 200
A patient suffering from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was prescribed glibenclamid internally. What is the mechanism of its hypoglycemic action?
It stimulates generation of endogenous insulin by beta cells
It inhibits alpha glucosidase and polysaccharide breakdown
It inhibits gluconeogenesis in liver
It inhibits glucose absorption in the bowels
It intensifies utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues
120 із 200
A man got poisoned with mushrooms. They contain muscarine that stimulates muscarinic cholinoreceptors. What symptom is typical for poisoning with inedible mushrooms?
Miosis
Bronchi dilation
Heart rate rise
Arterial pressure rise
Mydriasis
121 із 200
A 45-year-old woman has been diagnosed with endemic goiter. What mechanism has caused hyperplasia of thyroid gland in this patient?
Increased thyrotropin production
Increased iodine absorption
Increased hydration of derma and hypodermic cellulose
Increased thyroxine production
Increased catecholamine production
122 із 200
On examination a male patient was diagnosed with acute radiation dsease. Laboratory examination revealed abrupt decrease in serotonin found in blood platelets. A likely cause of decrease in serotonin concentration would be metabolic imbalance of the following substance:
5-oxytryptophane
Tyrosine
Phenyl alanine
Histidine
Serine
123 із 200
A 39-year-old man who had been operated for the stomach ulcer died 7 days after the surgery. Autopsy revealed that peritoneal leaves were dull, plephoric, covered with massive yellowgreenish films, the peritoneal cavity contained for about 300 ml of thick yellow-greenish liquid. What pathologic process was revealed in the peritoneal cavity?
Fibrinous suppurative peritonitis
Fibrinous haemorrhagic peritonitis
Fibrinous serous peritonitis
Serous peritonitis
Peritoneal commissures
124 із 200
A patient was delivered to a hospital after having been exposed to ionizing radiation. He presents with vomiting, anorexia, pain in different region of abdomen, bloody feces, elevation of body temperature, inertness. Such clinical presentations are typical for the following form of acute radiation disease:
Intestinal
Cerebral
Combined
Bone-marrow
Toxemic
125 із 200
A 60-year-old patient was found to have a dysfunction of main digestive enzyme of saliva. This causes the disturbance of primary hydrolysis of:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Cellulose
Lactose
Fats
126 із 200
For infection prevention a patient who underwent appendectomy was prescribed a cephalosporin antibiotic. Antimicrobial activity of these antibiotics is called forth by the disturbance of the following process:
Microbial wall formation
Cholinesterase block
Ribosomal protein synthesis
Nucleic acid synthesis
Energy metabolism
127 із 200
A patient presented to a hospital with complaints about quick fatigability and significant muscle weakness. Examination revealed an autoimmune disease that causes functional disorder of receptors in the neuromuscular synapses. This will result in the disturbed activity of the following mediator:
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Dopamine
Noradrenaline
Glycine
128 із 200
Microscopic examination of a parenchymatous organ revealed that its epithelial cords formed glomerular, fascicular and reticular zones. The central part of the organ was presented by accumulations of chromaffin cells. Specify this organ:
Adrenal gland
Thyroid gland
Hypophysis
Epiphysis
Liver
129 із 200
A child presents with body shortness, mental deficiency, mongoloid palpebral fissures, epicanthal fold, enlarged grooved tongue protruding from the mouth, high palate, maldentition, diastema, cross stri-ation of lips. What hereditary disease are these presentations typical for?
Down syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Edwards’ syndrome
Patau’s syndrome
Turner’s syndrome
130 із 200
A patient has roundish ulcers on his face, inflammation and enlargement of lymph nodes. These symptoms turned up as a result of mosquito bites. Laboratory examination of discharge from the ulcers revealed unicellular aflagellar organisms. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Dermatotropic leishmaniasis
Toxoplasmosis
Scabies
Myasis
Trypanosomiasis
131 із 200
A 67-year-old patient underwent extraction of a tumour of the right parotid region. Macroscopical examination revealed a soft encapsulated node up to 35 cm in diameter, the tissue was whitish-grey and included many small cysts. Microscopical examination revealed that the duct structures of large diameter were lined with bilayer prismatic epithelium, they had eosinophilic cytoplasm, the duct lumens contained papillary structures, the stroma was infiltrated with lymphocytes, there were some solitary lymphoid follicles. Specify the kind of tumour:
Adenolymphoma
Adenocystic carcinoma
Pleomorphic adenoma
Monomorphic carcinoma
Mucoepidermal tumour
132 із 200
A histological specimen shows terminal secretory parts of glands made by conic cells with basophilic cytoplasm and a roundish nucleus in the centre. Specify the type of terminal secretory parts by the type of secretion:
Serous
Seromucous
Sebaceous
Combined
Mucous
133 із 200
An electron microphotograph of an enamel organ shows a prismatic cell with developed granular endoplasmatic reticulum and Golgi complex. The apical part of the cell has Tomes process containing secretory granules and small vesicles. Specify the cell:
Secretory active enameloblast
Cell of enamel organ pulp
Cell of intermediate layer of enamel organ
Pre-enameloblast
External cell of an enamel organ
134 із 200
Harmful stimulations of tooth ti- ssues resulted in formation of denticle structures along the peripheral zone of pulp. This phenomenon induces the following risk for the tooth:
Loss of dentine regenerability
Loss of cement regenerability
Loss of tooth innervation
Loss of pulp regenerability
Loss of enamel regenerability
135 із 200
Autopsy of a 75-year-old patient who had been suffering from disseminated atherosclerosis and died under chronic cardiac failure revealed constriction and deformation of coronary arteries, tuberous intima whose section appeared to be white and petrosal. Specify the stage of atherosclerosis morphogenesis:
Atherocalcinosis
Liposclerosis
Atheromatosis
Lipoidosis
Bilipid
136 із 200
Examination of a bronchial tissue sample revealed atrophy of mucous membrane, cystic degeneration of glands, focal metaplastic changes of lining prismatic epithelial cells into multilayer squamous cells; increase in goblet cell number; in some parts of bronchial wall and especially in the mucous membrane there was marked cellular inflammatory infiltration and growth of granulation tissue bulging into the bronchial lumen in form of a polyp. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Chronic bronchitis
Interstitial pneumonia
Bronchopneumonia
Lobar pneumonia
Acute bronchitis
137 із 200
In the process of tooth tissue histogenesis dentin wasn’t formed in time for some reasons. What process of further histogenesis will be delayed or will not take place at all?
Enamel formation
Acellular cement formation
Cellular cement formation
Pulp formation
Predentinal space formation
138 із 200
Osteolaterism is charcterized by a decrease in collagen strength caused by much less intensive formation of crosslinks in collagen fibrils. This phenomenon is caused by the low activity of the followi- ng enzyme:
Lysyl oxidase
Prolyl hydroxylase
Lysyl hydroxylase
Collagenase
Monoamino-oxidase
139 із 200
A child with renal insufficiency exhibits delayed teeth eruption. This is most likely caused by the abnormal formation of the following substance:
1,25 (OH)2D3
Glutamate
o-ketoglutarate
Hydroxylysine
Glycocyamine
140 із 200
A histological specimen of ovary cortex shows a follicle with a large cavity. The first-order ovocyte is located in the region of cumulus oophorus, it is surrounded by transparent zone and radiate crown. Specify the type of follicle:
Tertiary
Atertiary
Secondary
Primary
Primordial
141 із 200
A histological specimen of kidney shows a structure consisting of a glomerulus of fenestrated capillaries and a bilayer epithelial capsule. Specify this structure:
Renal corpuscle
Proximal tubule
Henle’s loop
Distal tubule
Receiving tube
142 із 200
A 12-year-old child presents with intolerance to some foodstuffs. Their consumption causes an allergic reaction in form of itching skin eruption. What anti-histaminic drug should be administered that won’t have any negative impact on the child’s school studies (with no sleepiness effect)?
Loratadine
Aminophylline
Sodium diclofenac
Dimedrol
Mesatonum
143 із 200
In the second week of being ill wit viral hepatitis a patient presented with sleep disorder, headache, aggressiveness, unbearable skin itch. Objectively: AP drop, decrease in blood coagulation and reflectory activity, bradycardia. What is the cause of these changes?
Cholemia
Hyperlipemia
Urobilinemia
Hypercholesterolemia
Stercobilinemia
144 із 200
As a result of a road accident a 26-year-old man is in the torpid phase of shock. Blood count: leukocytes - 3,2 • 109/l. What is the leading mechanism of leukopenia development?
Leukocyte redistribution in the bloodstream
Leukocyte destruction in the hematopi-etic organs
Faulty release of mature leukocytes from the bone marrow into the blood
Increased excretion of the leukocytes from the organism
Leukopoiesis inhibition
145 із 200
A 5-month-old boy was hospitalized for tonic convulsions. He has a lifetime history of this disease. Examination revealed coarse hair, thinned and fragile nails, pale and dry skin. In blood: calcium - 1,5 millimole/l, phosphor - 1,9 milli-mole/l. These changes are associated with:
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypoaldosteronism
Hyperaldosteronism
Hypothyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
146 із 200
A 46-year-old female patient needs a surgery in the maxillofacial region. It is known that the patient is disposed to increased hemocoagulation. What natural anticoagulant can be used in order to prevent thrombosis?
Heparin
Fibrinolysin
Hirudin
None of the listed drugs
Sodium citrate
147 із 200
A sample taken from the pharynx of a patient with angina was inoculated on the blood-tellurite agar. This resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies up to 4-5 mm in diameter. Microscopically there can be seen gram-positive rods with club-shaped ends arranged in form of spread fingers. What microorganisms are these?
Corynebacteria diphtheriae
Clostridium botulinum
Diphtheroids
Streptobacilli
Streptococci
148 із 200
Cytogenetic examination of a patient with dysfunction of the reproductive system revealed normal karyotype 46,XY in some cells, but most cells have Klinefelter’s syndrome karyotype 47,XXY Such phenomenon of cell inhomogeneity is called :
Mosaicism
Duplication
Transposition
Heterogeneity
Inversion
149 із 200
An oncological patient had been administered methotrexate. With time target cells of the tumour lost sensitivity to this drug. At the same time the change in gene expression of the following enzyme is observed:
Dehydropholate reductase
Pholate oxidase
Thiaminase
Deaminase
Pholate decarboxylase
150 із 200
Autopsy revealed that the upper lobe of the right lung was enlarged, grey, airless; surface of incision was dripping with turbid liquid; pleura had a lot of fibrinous plicae. Microscopical examination of alveoles revealed exudate containing neutrophils, desquamated alveolocytes and fibrin fibres. Bronchus wall was intact. What is the most probable diagnosis?
Croupous pneumonia
Pulmonary abscess
Influenzal pneumonia
Interstitial pneumonia
Focal pneumonia
151 із 200
A patient underwent the extraction of his isuperior medial incisor. It is supplied with blood by the branches of the following artery:
A.infraorbitalis
A.alveolaris inferior
A.buccalis
A.palatina descendens
A.sphenopalatina
152 із 200
A 35-year-old patient with chronic periodontitis underwent excision of a cyst 3 cm in diameter found at a root of the 15th tooth. Histological examination revealed that it had thin wall formed by mature connective tissue infiltrated by lymphocytes and plasmatic cells. Its internal surface was lined with multilayer pavement epithelium with no signs of keratinization; the cavity contained serous exudate. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Radicular cyst
Follicular cyst
Primordial cyst
Cherubism
Follicular ameloblastoma
153 із 200
Histological examination of myocardium of a 47-year-old patient with rheumatic heart disease ( section material) revealed some big visually empty vacuoles within the cardiomyocytes. They turn black when stained with osmic acid, and yellow-red when stained with sudan III. What pathological process is it?
Adipose degeneration
Hyaline drop degeneration
Hydropic degeneration
Dysproteinosis
Carbohydrate degeneration
154 із 200
A patient consulted a dentist about itching and burning in the oral cavity; high temperature. The patient was diagnosed with trichomonal gingivostomatitis. What drug should be chosen for his treatment?
Metronidazole
Gentamicin sulfate
Doxycycline hydrochloride
Nystatin
Ampicillin
155 із 200
Examination of a patient revealed that dental hypoplasia was caused by hypovitaminosis of vitamins A and D. These vitamins were administered perorally but they didn’t have any medicinal effect. What is the probable cause of disturbed vitamin assimilation?
Bile acid deficiency
Hyperchlorhydria
Achylia
Hypochlorhydria
Achlorhydria
156 із 200
A 20-year-old patient has multiple yellow-brown and black erosions of tooth enamel. The teeth crumble and break, some of them are decayed. Make a diagnosis:
Fluorosis
-
Teeth erosion
Acidic necrosis of teeth
Deep caries
157 із 200
A patient suffering form stomatitis was prescribed oral rinsing. Which antiseptic from the oxidant group is the most suitable for this purpose?
Potassium permanganate
Alcoholic iodine solution
Chloramine
Ethyl alcohol
Boric acid
158 із 200
In the course of evolution there appeared molecular mechanisms for correction of damaged DNA molecules. This process is called:
Reparation
Processing
Transcription
Replication
Translation
159 із 200
When water affects mucous membrane of the inferior nasal meatuses, this causes 'diver reflex' that provokes:
Reflectory apnea
Reflectory hyperpnea
Cough
Reflectrory dyspnea
Bronchospasm
160 із 200
A 42-year-old woman has been administered propranolol for the ischemic heart disease. Yet she has been found to have a disease in case of which the use of propranolol is contraindicated. What disease is it?
Bronchial asthma
Arterial hypertension
Cholecystitis
Duodenal ulcer
Myasthenia
161 із 200
Deficiency of linoleic and linolenic acids in an organism induces skin damages, hair loss, slow wound healing, thrombocytopenia, low resistance to infectious diseases. These symptoms are most likely to be caused by the disturbed synthesis of the following substances:
Eicosanoids
Interleukins
Catecholamines
Interferons
Corticosteroids
162 із 200
A man got into ice-cold water and died soon as a result of abrupt exposure to cold. In such cases an organism loses heat most intensively by the way of:
Heat conduction
-
Radiation
Convection
Heat conduction and radiation
163 із 200
A woman had taken synthetic hormones during her pregnancy. Her newborn girl presents with excessive hairiness which has formal resemblance to adrenogenital syndrome. This sign of variability is called:
Phenocopy
Heterosis
Recombination
Replication
Mutation
164 із 200
Microelectrode technique allowed to register a potential following 'all-or-none' law and being able of undecremental spreading. Specify this potential:
Action potential
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Rest potential
Receptor potential
165 із 200
A patient has been diagnosed with transmural myocardial infarction. What drug should be given in order to prevent cardiogenic shock?
Promedol
Analgin
Reserpin
Octadine
Phentolamine
166 із 200
A woman with A (II), Rh-negative blood had a child with B (III), Rh-positive blood. The child was diagnosed with congenital anaemia of newborns. What is the most likely cause of its development?
Rhesus incompatibility
Hereditary chromosomal pathology
Intrauterine infection
Intrauterine intoxication
AB0-incompatibility
167 із 200
Skin of patients with pigment xeroderma is very sensitive to the sun radiation, there is a risk of skin cancer development. The reason for this is hereditary deficiency of UF-endonuclease. As a result of this defect the following process is disturbed:
DNA reparation
DNA replication
Transcription
Translation
Initiation
168 із 200
After a surgery on thyroid gland a patient complains of hoarse voice. What nerve has been damaged during the surgery?
N. laryngeus reccurens
N. laryngeus superior
N. glossopharyngeus
N. hypoglossus
N. accessorius
169 із 200
A group of students who were climbing up a mountain presented with euphoria, tachypnea, tachycardia. Specify the immediate reason for hypocapnia accompanying mountain sickness:
Increase in respiration rate and depth
Increase in heart rate
Anaemia
Decrease in respiration depth
Erythrocytosis
170 із 200
Examination of a patient revealed II grade obesity. It is known that he consumes a lot of sweets and rich food, has sedentary way of life. That’s why anabolic metabolism has the priority in his organism. Which of the following pathways is amphibolic?
Cycle of tricarboxylic acids
Glyconeogenesis
Lipolysis
Fatty acids oxidation
Glycolysis
171 із 200
A few days before an operation a patient should be administered vitamin K or its synthetic analogue Vicasol. Vitamin K takes part in the following posttranslational modification of the II, VII, IX, X blood clotting factors:
Carboxylation
Glycosylation
Decarboxylation
Transamination
Deamination
172 із 200
A patient who abuses smoking has chronic bronchitis. Biopsy of his primary bronchus revealed multilayer pavement epithelium. What pathological process was revealed in the bronchus?
Metaplasia
Dysplasia
Hyperplasia
Physiological regeneration
Reparative regeneration
173 із 200
A 67-year-old patient complains of periodic heart ache, dyspnea during light physical activities. ECG reveals extraordinary contractions of heart ventricles. Such arrhythmia is called:
Extrasystole
Flutter
Fibrillation
Bradycardia
Tachycardia
174 із 200
A patient with ischemic heart disease has been administered an anti-anginal drug that reduces the myocardial oxygen consumption and improves blood supply of myocardium. What drug is it?
Nitroglycerine
Validol
Retabolil
Propranolol
Promedol
175 із 200
There was a record of some anthrax cases among animals in a countryside. The spread of disease can be prevented by means of immunization. What kind of vaccine should be used?
STI live vaccine
Salk vaccine
Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
Sabin’s vaccine
BCG vaccine
176 із 200
An infectious disease unit admitted a patient with signs of jaundice caused by hepatitis virus. Select an indicator that is specific only for parenchymatous jaundice:
Increase in ALT and AST rate
Urobilinuria
Bilirubinuria
Cholaemia
Hyperbilirubinemia
177 із 200
A patient presents with dysfunction of cerebral cortex accompanied by epileptic seizures. He has been administered a biogenic amine synthetized from glutamate and responsible for central inhibition. What substance is it?
Gamma-amino butyric acid
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Histamine
Dopamine
178 із 200
Toxic affection of liver results in dysfunction of protein synthesis. It is usually accompanied by the following kind of dysproteinemia:
Absolute hypoproteinemia
Absolute hyperproteinemia
Relative hypoproteinemia
Relative hyperproteinemia
Paraproteinemia
179 із 200
Examination of duodenal contents revealed some pyriform protozoa with twin nuclei and four pairs of flagella. There were two supporting filaments between the nuclei and a suctorial disc on the ventral side. What representative of protozoa was revealed in this patient?
Lamblia
Trypanosome
Leishmania
Toxoplasma
Intestinal trichomonad
180 із 200
A patient complains of difficulty in closing of jaws during chewing. He has been found to have atrophy of masticatory muscles. This indicates the dysfunction of the following nerve:
N. trigeminus
N. facialis
N. glossopharyngeus
N. ophthalmicus
N. vagus
181 із 200
A 30-year-old comatous patient with type I diabetes mellitus had been admitted to a hospital. Laboratory tests revealed hyperglycemia, ketonemia. Which of the following metabolic disorders might be found in this patient?
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Normal acid-base state
Respiratory alkalosis
182 із 200
In order to prevent wound infection associated with surgical procedures a patient was given a synthetic antiprotozoan drug with a high activity against Helicobacter pylori. Specify this drug:
Metronidazole
Isoniazid
Acyclovir
Doxycycline hydrochloride
Chingamin
183 із 200
In order to prevent massive haemorrhage in the region of oral cavity floor it is required to ligate an artery which is located within Pirogov’s triangle. What artery is it?
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Maxillary artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Superior thyroid artery
184 із 200
A shepherd who has tended sheep together with dogs consulted a doctor about pain in his right subcostal area, nausea, vomiting. Roentgenoscopy revealed a tumour-like formation. What kind of helminthiasis might be suspected?
Echinococcosis
Enterobiasis
Taeniasis
Taeniarhynchosis
Ascaridiasis
185 із 200
Roentgenologically confirmed obstruction of common bile duct resulted in preventing bile from inflowing to the duodenum. What process is likely to be disturbed?
Fat emulgation
Protein absorption
Hydrochloric acid secretion in stomach
Salivation inhibition
Carbohydrate hydrolysis
186 із 200
For relief of hypertensive crisis a doctor administered a patient a drug that apart from antihypertensive effect has also sedative, spasmolytic and anticonvulsive effect. The drug was taken parenterally. When it is taken enterally it acts as a laxative and cholagogue. What drug was administered?
Magnesium sulfate
Dibasolum
Reserpine
Apressin
No-spa
187 із 200
A patient with chronic bronchitis has been administered an expectorant that disintegrates disulphide bonds of sputum glycosaminoglycan thus reducing its viscosity. The patient has been also warned about possible bronchospasm. What drug has been administered?
Acetylcysteine
Bromhexine
Libxine
Thermopsis herb
Sodium hydrocarbonate
188 із 200
A patient with diabetes mellitus complicated by angiopathy has been recommended a drug which is a sulphonyl urease derivate of the second generation. It improves microcirculation and is known for its relatively good tolerance. What drug is it?
Glibenclamide
Insulin
Adrenalin
Acarbose
Glibutidum
189 із 200
A patient in grave condition has been deliveredf to the admission ward. Examination revealed pupil mydriasis, no reaction to the light, considerable reddening and dryness of skin and mucous membranes. What drug might have caused the intoxication symptoms?
Atropine sulphate
Proserin
Adrenalin hydrochloride
Dithylinum
Pilocarpine hydrochloride
190 із 200
A cell of granular endoplasmatic reticulum is at the stage of translation, when mRNA advances to the ribosomes. Amino acids get bound by peptide bonds in a certain sequence thus causing polypeptide biosynthesis. The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide corresponds with the sequence of:
mRNA codons
tRNA nucleotides
rRNA nucleotides
tRNA anticodons
rRNA anticodons
191 із 200
A 26-year-old pregnant woman is under treatment at an in-patient hospital. After a continuous attack of vomiting she was found to have reduced volume of circulating blood. What kind of change in general blood volume is the case?
Polycythemic hypovolemia
Simple hypovolemia
Oligocythemic hypervolemia
Polycythemic hypervolemia
Oligocythemic hypovolemia
192 із 200
A 32-year-old patient who lives in the countryside consulted a doctor about a painful swelling and a fistula in the submandibular region. Examination revealed an infiltration with a fistula discharging thick pus and containing white granules. On dissection the infiltration tissues turned out to be dense, yellow-green and had honeycomb structure because of multiple abscesses. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Actinomycosis
Lepra
Submandibular abscess
Syphilis
Tuberculosis
193 із 200
A 45-year-old male died from disseminated tuberculosis. On autopsy the symptoms of tuberculosis were confirmed by both microscopical and histological analyses. All the affected organs had epithelioid cell granulomas with caseous necrosis in the centre. What kind of hypersensitivity reaction underlies the process of granuloma development?
Delayed
Complement-dependent cytotoxicity
Anaphylactic
Immune complex
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
194 із 200
A patient with a fracture of mandibular angle has been admitted to a hospital. A haematoma in the region of the fracture usually results from the injury of the following artery:
Inferior alveolar
Maxillary
Internal carotid
Lingual
Facial
195 із 200
Preventive examination of a 55-year-old patient revealed type II diabetes mellitus. An endocrinologist revealed an increase in body weight and liver enlargement. The man is nonsmoker and doesn’t abuse alcohol but likes to have a good meal. Histological examination by means of diagnostic liver puncture revealed that the hepatocytes were enlarged mostly on the lobule periphery, their cytoplasm had transparent vacuoles showing positive reaction with sudan III. What liver pathology was revealed?
Fatty hepatosis
Acute viral hepatitis
Portal liver cirrhosis
Alcohol hepatitis
Chronic viral hepatitis
196 із 200
An oral surgery unit admitted a woman with a phlegmon on the anterior surface of neck in the region of carotid triangle. What muscle demarcates the posterior wall of this triangle?
Sternocleidomastoid
Omohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Sternohyoid
197 із 200
In order to fix dislocated mandible it is necessary to pull it down. What anatomic structure requires this action?
Articulate tubercule of temporal bone
Coronal process of mandible
Condylar process of mandible
Mandibular fossa of temporal bone
Mandibular incisure
198 із 200
A worker of a cattle farm consulted a surgeon about fever up to 40oC, headache, weakness. Objective examination of his back revealed hyperaemia and a dark red infiltration up to 5 cm in diameter with black bottom in the centre and some pustules. What disease are these presentations typical for?
Anthrax
Tularemia
Abscess
Plaque
Furuncle
199 із 200
After a car accident a patient has been diagnosed with a fracture of spine. He is unable to move his lower extremities. This form of motor disorder is called:
Paraplegia
Paralysis
Quadriplegia
Hemiplegia
Paresis
200 із 200
In course of an experiment researchers stimulate a branch of a sympathetic nerve that innervates heart. What changes in cardiac activity should be registered?
Increase in heart rate and heart force
Decrease in heart force
Increase in arterial pressure
Increase in heart force
Increase in heart rate