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Step 1 - Medicine 2011
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Quite often the cause of secondary immunodeficiency is an infection involvement, when the causative agents propagate directly in the cells of immune system and destroy it. The following diseases are characterized by:
Infectious mononucleosis, AIDS
Poliomyelitis, type A hepatitis
Tuberculosis, mycobacteriosis
Dysentery, cholera
Q-febris, epidemic typhus
3 із 200
Heart rate of a 30-year-old man under emotional stress reached 112 bpm. The reason for the heart rate increase is the altered condition of the following conducting system of heart:
Sinoatrial node
Purkinje’s fibers
His’ bundle
Atrioventricular node
His’ bundle branches
4 із 200
Sanitary bacteriological research on water by the membrane filter method revealed two red colonies on a membrane filter (Endo agar) through which 500 ml of analyzed water were passed. Calculate the coli index and coli titer of the analyzed water:
4 and 250
250 and 4
2 and 500
250 and 2
500 and 2
5 із 200
A 46-year-old female patient has a continuous history of progressive muscular (Duchenne’s) dystrophy. Which blood enzyme changes will be of diagnostic value in this case?
Creatine phosphokinase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Lactate dehydrogenase
Adenylate cyclase
Glutamate dehydrogenase
6 із 200
Extensive thromboembolic infarction of the left cerebral hemispheres, large septic spleen, immunocomplex glomerulonephritis, ulcers on the edges of the aortic valves, covered with polypous thrombus with colonies of staphylococcus were revealed on autopsy of the young man who died in coma. What disease caused cerebral thromboemboly?
Septic bacterial endocarditis
Septicemia
Septicopyemia
Rheumatic thromboendocarditis
Acute rheumatic valvulitis
7 із 200
A 10-year-old girl has a history of repeated acute respiratory viral infection. After recovering she presents with multiple petechial hemorrhages on the sites of friction from clothing rubbing the skin. What kind of hypovitaminosis has this girl?
C
B6
Bi
B2
A
8 із 200
Autopsy of a patient who suffered from croupous pneumonia and died from pneumococcal sepsis revealed 900 ml of turbid greenish-yellow liquid in the right pleural cavity. Pleural leaves are dull, plephoric. Name the clinicopathological form of inflammation in the pleural cavity:
Empyema
Chronic abscess
Acute abscess
Fibrinous inflammation
Phlegmon
9 із 200
Researchers isolated 5 isoenzymic forms of lactate dehydrogenase from the human blood serum and studied their properties. What property indicates that the isoenzymic forms were isolated from the same enzyme?
Catalyzation of the same reaction
The same physicochemical properties
Tissue localization
The same molecular weight
The same electrophoretic mobility
10 із 200
A patient suffering from stomach ulcer has been treated with an antacid drug almagel. For acute bronchitis treatment he was prescribed the antibiotic methacycli-ne. However within next 5 days the fever didn’t fall, cough and sputum nature remained unchanged. A physician came to the conclusion that the drugs were incompatible. What type of drug incompatibility is the case?
Pharmacokinetic, absorption stage
Direct antagonism
Pharmacokinetic, biotransformation stage
Pharmaceutic
Pharmacodynamic
11 із 200
ECG of a 44-year-old patient shows signs of hypertrophy of both ventricles and the right atrium. The patient was diagnosed with the tricuspid valve insufficiency. What pathogenetic variant of cardiac dysfunction is usually observed in case of such insufficiency?
Heart overload by volume
Cardiac tamponade
Primary myocardial insufficiency
Heart overload by resistance
Coronary insufficiency
12 із 200
Proserin increases skeletal muscle tone when given systematically. Halothane induces relaxation of skeletal muscles and reduces proserin effects. What is the nature of proserin and halothane interaction?
Indirect functional antagonism
Noncompetitive antagonism
Direct functional antagonism
Competitive antagonism
Independent antagonism
13 із 200
The minute blood volume in a patient with transplanted heart has increased as a result of physical activity. What regulative mechanism is responsible for these changes?
Catecholamines
Parasympathetic conditioned reflexes
Sympathetic conditioned reflexes
Sympathetic unconditioned reflexes
Parasympathetic unconditioned reflexes
14 із 200
An aged man had raise of arterial pressure under a stress. It was caused by activation of:
Sympathoadrenal system
Parasympathetic nucleus of vagus
Hypophysis function
Functions of adrenal cortex
Functions of thyroid gland
15 із 200
Autopsy of a man who died from chronic cardiovascular collapse revealed 'tiger heart'. Sidewards of endocardium a yellowish-white banding can be seen; myocardium is dull, darkyellow. What process caused this pathology?
Fatty parenchymatous degeneration
Fatty vascular-stromal degeneration
Amyloidosis
Carbohydrate degeneration
Hyaline degeneration
16 із 200
A 55-year-old male patient was hospitalised to a surgical clinic for suspected septicemia. What material should be taken for analysis?
Blood, sugar broth
Lymph node punctate, cysteine agar
Urine, beef-extract broth
Liquor, serum agar
Pus, yolk saline agar
17 із 200
A patient has pellagra. Interrogation revealed that he had lived mostly on maize for a long time and eaten little meat. This disease had been caused by the deficit of the following substance in the maize:
Tryptophan
Tyrosine
Alanine
Proline
Histidine
18 із 200
During examination of a 6-year-old child a doctor revealed greyish films on the pharyngeal tonsils. Their removal provoked moderate haemorrhage. Bacterioscopy revealed gram-positive clublike bacteria. What symptoms will develop in this child within the next few days if no specific treatment is provided?
Toxic lesions of myocard, liver and kidney
Intermittent fever
Pulmonary edema
Papulous skinrash
Strong paroxysmal cough
19 із 200
A 46-year-old patient consulted a doctor complaining about joint pain that becomes stronger the day before the weather changes. Blood examination revealed an increased concentration of uric acid. The most probable cause of the disease is the intensified disintegration of the following substance:
Adenosine monophosphate
Uridine triphosphate
Cytidine monophosphate
Thymidine monophosphate
Uridine monophosphate
20 із 200
12 hours after an accute attack of retrosternal pain a patient presented a jump of aspartate aminotransferase activity in blood serum. What pathology is this deviation typical for?
Myocardium infarction
Diabetes mellitus
Collagenosis
Viral hepatitis
Diabetes insipidus
21 із 200
After a trauma of the upper third of the anterior forearm surface a patient presents with difficult pronation, weakening of palmar flexor muscles and altered skin sensitivity of 1-3 fingers. Which nerve is damaged?
n. medianus
n. cutaneus antebrachii medialis
n. musculocutaneus
n. ulnaris
n. radialis
22 із 200
A 2-year-old child with mental and physical retardation has been delivered to a hospital. He presents with frequent vomiting after having meals. There is phenylpyruvic acid in urine. Which metabolism abnormality is the reason for this pathology?
Amino-acid metabolism
Water-salt metabolism
Lipidic metabolism
Phosphoric calcium metabolism
Carbohydrate metabolism
23 із 200
A 38-year-old man died in the attempt of lifting weight. He had collaptoid state. Autopsy revealed an extensive aneurism rupture of thoracic aorta. He suffered from visceral syphilis during his lifetime. What pathological process caused weakness of aortic wall, its dilatation and rupture?
Vanishing of elastic fibers
Muscle layer atrophy
Intima changes by shagreen leather type
Vascularization
Vanishing of collagen fibers
24 із 200
A patient suffering from myasthenia has been administered proserin. After its administration the patient has got nausea, diarrhea, twitch of tongue and skeletal muscles. What drug would help to eliminate the intoxication?
Atropine sulfate
Physostigmine
Pyridostigmine bromide
Isadrine
Mesatonum
25 із 200
A man died from an acute infectious disease accompanied by fever, jaundice, haemorrhagic rash on the skin and mucous membranes as well as by acute renal insufficiency. Histological examination of renal tissue (stained by Romanovsky-Giemsa method) revealed some convoluted bacteria looking like C und S letters. What bacteria were revealed?
Leptospira
Campilobacteria
Borrelia
Treponema
Spirilla
26 із 200
A 46-year-old patient suffering from the diffuse toxic goiter underwent resection of the thyroid gland. After the surgery the patient presents with appetite loss, dyspepsia, increased neuromuscular excitement. The body weight remained unchanged. Body temperature is normal. Which of the following has caused such a condition in this patient?
Reduced production of parathormone
Reduced production of thyroxin
Increased production of calcitonin
Increased production of thyroliberin
Increased production of thyroxin
27 із 200
Medical examination at the military registration and enlistment office revealed that a 15-yearold boy was high, with eunuchoid body proportions, gynecomastia, female pattern of pubic hair distribution. The boy had also fat deposits on the thighs, no facial hair, high voice, subnormal intelligence quotient. Which karyotype corresponds with this disease?
47, XXY
45, XO
47, XXX
46, XY
46, XX
28 із 200
A doctor recommends a patient with duodenal ulcer to drink cabbage and potato juice after the therapy course. Which substances contained in these vegetables help to heal and prevent the ulcers?
Vitamin U
Vitamin C
Vitamin K
Pantothenic acid
Vitamin
29 із 200
Urine analysis of a 12-year-old boy reveals high concentration of all aliphatic amino acids with the highest excretion of cystine and cysteine. US of kidneys revealed kidney concrements. What is the most likely pathology?
Cystinuria
Alkaptonuria
Cystitis
Phenylketonuria
Hartnup disease
30 із 200
A 5-year-old child has been diagnosed with acute right distal pneumonia. Sputum inoculation revealed that the causative agent is resistant to penicillin, but it is senstive to macrolides. What drug should be prescribed?
Azithromycin
Gentamycin
Streptomycin
Ampicillin
Tetracycline
31 із 200
Autopsy of a 73-year-old man who had been suffering from the coronary heart disease along with cardiac insufficiency for a long time revealed: nutmeg liver, brown induration of lungs, cyanotic induration of kidneys and spleen. What kind of circulation disorder was the cause of such effects?
General chronic venous congestion
Acute anaemia
General acute venous congestion
Chronic anaemia
Arterial hyperaemia
32 із 200
A patient suffering from chronic hyperacidic gastritis takes an antacid drug for heartburn elimination. After its ingestion the patient feels better but at the same time he has a sensation of stomach swelling. Which of the following drugs might be the cause of such side effect?
Sodium hydrocarbonate
Pepsin
Aluminium hydrooxide
Magnesium trisilicate
Magnesium oxide
33 із 200
A 30-year-old male patient with acute pancreatitis has been found to have a disorder of cavitary protein digestion. The reason for such condition can be the hyposynthesis and hyposecretion of the following enzyme:
Tripsin
Dipeptidase
Amylase
Pepsin
Lipase
34 із 200
A patient has been given high doses of hydrocortisone for a long time. This caused atrophy of one of the adrenal cortex zones. Which zone is it?
Fascial
Reticular
Glomerular and reticular
Glomerular
-
35 із 200
A victim of an accident has bleeding from the soft tissues anteriad the mandibular angle. Which vessel should be ligated for the bleeding arrest?
A.facialis
A.alveolaris inferior
A.carotis interna
A.lingvalis
A.temporalis superficialis
36 із 200
Microscopic examination of a gram-stained scrape from a patient’s tongue revealed oval, round, elongated chains of dark-violet gemmating cells. What disease can be caused by this causative agent?
Candidiasis
Diphtheria
Streptococcic infection
Staphylococcic infection
Actinomycosis
37 із 200
The greater amount of nitrogen is excreted from the organism in form of urea. Inhibition of urea synthesis and accumulation of ammonia in blood and tissues are induced by the decreased activity of the following liver enzyme:
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase
Urease
Amylase
Pepsin
Aspartate aminotransferase
38 із 200
A 36-year-old female patient has a history of collagen disease. Urine analysis is likely to reveal an increased concentration of the following metabolite:
Oxyproline
Urobilinogen
Urea
Indican
Creatinine
39 із 200
A coprological survey revealed light-colored feces containing drops of neutral fat. The most likely reason for this condition is the disorder of:
Bile inflow into the bowel
Intestinal juice secretion
Gastric juice acidity
Intestinal absorption
Pancreatic juice secretion
40 із 200
The secretion of whixh hypophysial hormones will be inhibited after taking the oral contraceptives containing sex hormones?
Gonadotropic hormone
Somatotropic hormone
Vasopressin
Thyrotrophic hormone
Ocytocin
41 із 200
A histological specimen of a kidney shows a part of the distal tubule going between the afferent and efferent arteriole. The cells building the tubule wall have dense nuclei; basal membrane is absent. Such structural formation is called:
Macula densa
-
Juxtavascular cells
Juxtaglomerular cells
Mesangial cells
42 із 200
During preparation of a patient to a heart surgery it was necessary to measure pressure in heart chambers. In one of them pressure varied from 0 mm Hg up to 120 mm Hg within one cardiac cycle. What heart chamber is it?
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
-
43 із 200
A patient with essential hypertension has a high rate of blood renin. Which of antihypertensive drugs should be preferred?
Lisinopril
Dichlothiazide
Nifedipine
Propranolol
Prazosinum
44 із 200
In order to determine toxigenicity of diphtheria bacilli a strip of filter paper impregnated with antitoxic diphtherial serum was put on the dense nutrient medium. There were also inoculated a mi-crobal culture under examination and a strain that is known to be toxigenic. If the microbal culture under examination produces exotoxin, this wil result in formation of:
Precipitin lines
Haemolysis zones
Zones of lecithovitellinous activity
Zones of diffuse opacification
Precipitin ring
45 із 200
It was revealed that T-lymphocytes were affected by HIV. Virus enzyme -reverse transcriptase ( RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase) - catalyzes the synthesis of :
DN A on the matrix of virus mRNA
Virus informational RNA on the matrix of DNA
mRNA on the matrix of virus protein
Viral DNA on DNA matrix
DNA on virus ribosomal RNA
46 із 200
Microscopical examination of an enlarged cervical lymph node revealed blurring of its structure, absence of lymphoid follicles; all the microscopic fields showed cells with roundish nuclei and thin limbus of basophil cytoplasm. It is known from the clinical data that other groups of lymph nodes are also enlarged as well as spleen and liver. What disease might be suspected?
Lymphoid leukosis
Lymphogranulomatosis
Lymphosarcoma
Multiple myeloma
Myeloid leukosis
47 із 200
A 38-year-old patient came to a traumatology centre and complained about an injury of his right hand. Objectively: the patient has a cut wound in the region of the thenar eminence on the right hand; distal phalanx of the I finger cannot be flexed. What muscle was injured?
Long flexor muscle of thumb
Short abductor muscle of thumb
Abductor muscle of thumb
Short flexor muscle of thumb
Opposer muscle of thumb
48 із 200
Lung ventilation in a person is increased as a result of physical activity. Which of the following indices of the external respiration is much higher than in a state of rest?
Respiratory volume
Total lung capacity
Inspiratory reserve volume
Vital capacity of lungs
Expiratory reserve volume
49 із 200
As a result of activation of the ion channels of the external membrane the rest potential of an excitable cell has greatly increased. What channels were activated?
Potassium channels
Fast calcium channels
Sodium channels
Slow calcium channels
Sodium and calcium channels
50 із 200
As a result of continuous starvation the glomerular filtration rate has increased by 20%. The most probable cause of the glomerular filtration alteration under the mentioned conditions is:
Decrease in the oncotic pressure of blood plasma
Increase in the permeability of the renal filter
Increase of the filtartion quotient
Increase in the systemic arterial pressure
Increase of the renal blood flow
51 із 200
A patient with cardiogenic shock, hypotension, asphyxia and edemata was given an injection of non-glycosidic cardiotonic. What drug was injected?
Dobutamine
Bemegride
Aethimizolum
Cordiamin
Caffeine sodium benzoate
52 із 200
After transfusion of 200 ml of blood a patient presented with body temperature rise up to 37,9oC. Which of the following substances is the most likely cause of temperature rise?
Interleukin-1
Interleukin-3
Interleukin-2
Interleukin-4
Tumour necrosis factor
53 із 200
A man who is riding the carousel presents with increased heart rate, sweating, nausea. This condition is caused primarily by the stimulation of the following receptors:
Vestibular ampullar
Auditory
Proprioceptors
Visual
Vestibular otolithic
54 із 200
A worker of a cattle farm fell acutely ill and then died from the progressing intoxication. Autopsy revealed enlarged, hyposthenic spleen of dark-cherry colour when dissected; excessive pulp scraping. At the base and fornix of brain pia maters are edematous, soaked with blood, dark-red ('scarlet hat'). Microscopic examination revealed serous haemorrhagic inflammation of brain tissues and tunics along with destruction of small vessel walls. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Anthrax
Cholera
Tularemia
Brucellosis
Plaque
55 із 200
Which of the listed diuretic agents WILL NOT have diuretic effect on a patient with Addison’s disease?
Spironolactone
Furosemide
Triamterene
Hydrochlorothiazide
Ethacrynic acid
56 із 200
A man with a wound of his limb that had been suppurating for a long time died from intoxication. Autopsy revealed extreme emaciation, dehydration, brown atrophy of liver, myocardium, spleen and cross-striated muscles as well as renal amyloidosis. What diagnosis corresponds with the described presentations?
Chroniosepsis
Septicopyemia
Septicemia
Chernogubov’s syndrome
Brucellosis
57 із 200
This drug has a destructive effect on erythrocytic forms of malarial plasmodia and dysenteric amoebae. It is used for treatment and prevention of such diseases as malaria, amebiasis and interstitial disease. What drug is it?
Chingamin
Quinine
Emetine hydrochloride
Erythromycin
Tetracycline
58 із 200
A patient has an increased pyruvate concentration in blood, most of it is excreted with the urine. What kind of avitaminosis has this patient?
Bi
B3
B2
B6
E
59 із 200
A child suffers from drug idiosyncrasy. What is the cause of such reaction?
Hereditary enzymopathy
Accumulation of pharmaceutical substance
Exhaustion of substrate interacting with pharmaceutical substance
Inhibition of microsomal liver enzymes
Associated disease of target organ
60 із 200
One of the parents is suspected of having phenylketonuria recessive gene. What is the risk of giving birth to a child with inborn phenylketonuria?
0%
100 %
50 %
75 %
25 %
61 із 200
Pulmonary examination of a patient who has worked as a stone grinder for 9 years revealed small dense roundish nodules consisting of connective tissue. The nodules were found to have peripheral macrophages. Such pulmonary alterations are indicative of the following disease:
Silicosis
Chronic bronchitis
Multiple bronchiectasis
Acute pneumonia
Bronchial asthma
62 із 200
A 12-year-old teenager has significantly put off weight within 3 months; glucose concentration rose up to 50 mi-llimole/l. He fell into a coma. What is the main mechanism of its development?
Hyperosmolar
Ketonemic
Hypoxic
Lactacidemic
Hypoglycemic
63 із 200
Which way of heat emission by the bodies of greenhouse workers is the most effective at the temperature of 36oC degrees and relative humidity of 70%?
Liquid evaporation
Convection
Thermal conduction
-
Heat radiation
64 із 200
Examination of a 70-year-old patient revealed insulin-dependent diabetes. What drug should be administered?
Glibenclamid
Insulin
Mercazolilum
Parathyroidin
Cortisone
65 із 200
A disaster fighter at a nuclear power plant developed hemorrhagic syndrome on the background of acute radiation disease. What is the most important factor of syndrome pathogenesis?
Thrombocytopenia
Increased activity of anticoagulative system factors
Increased activity of fibrinolysis factors
Vascular wall damage
Decreased activity of coagulative factors
66 із 200
Jaundice treatment involves administration of barbiturates inducing the synthesis of UDPglucuronyl transferase. A medicinal effect is caused by the production of:
Direct reacting (conjugated) bilirubin
Biliverdin
Indirect reacting (unconjugated) bilirubin
Protoporphyrin
Heme
67 із 200
A histological specimen shows a blood vessel. Its inner coat is composed by endothelium, subendothelium and internal elastic membrane. The middle coat is enriched with smooth myocytes. Such morphological characteristics are typical for the following vessel:
Muscular-type artery
Elastic-type artery
Capillary
Non-muscular vein
Muscular-type vein
68 із 200
An 18-year-old man was delivered to the hospital after a road accident. Examination at the traumatological department revealed multiple injuries of soft tissues of face in the region of the medial eye angle. The injuries caused massive haemorrhage. What arterial anastomosis might have been damaged in this region?
a. carotis externa et a. carotis interna
a. carotis interna et a. ophthalmica
a. carotis interna et a. subclavia
a. subclavia et a. ophthalmica
a. carotis externa et a. subclavia
69 із 200
Autopsy of a 75-year-old man with a long history of atherosclerosis revealed a grey irregularshaped focus of loose consistency in the right parietotemporal region of brain. What is the most likely cause of this process?
Thrombosis of the right medial cerebral artery
Thrombosis of basilar artery
Thrombosis of the right posterior cerebral artery
Thrombosis of the right anterior cerebral artery
Thrombosis of tomentum cerebri
70 із 200
Autopsy of a man with a malignant stomach tumour who had died from cancer intoxication revealed in the posteroinferior lung fields some dense, grayish-red irregular foci protruding above the section surface. Microscopic examination revealed exudate containing a large amount of neutrophils in the lumen and walls of small bronchi and alveoles. Such pulmonary alterations indicate the following disease:
Acute purulent bronchopneumonia
Intermittent pneumonia
Croupous pneumonia
Acute bronchitis
Acute serous bronchopneumonia
71 із 200
A surgeon has to find the common hepatic duct during the operative intervention on account of concrements in the gall ducts. The common hepatic duct is located between the leaves of:
Hepatoduodenal ligament
Round ligament of liver
Venous ligament
Hepatogastric ligament
Hepatorenal ligament
72 із 200
Autopsy of a 1,5-year-old child revealed haemorrhagic skin rash, moderate hyperaemia and edema of nasopharyngeal mucous membrane, small haemorrhages in the mucous membranes and internal organs; dramatic dystrophic alterations in liver and myocardium; acute necrotic nephrosis; massive haemorrhages in the adrenal glands. What disease are these alterations the most typical for?
Meningococcal infection
Scarlet fever
Epidemic typhus
Diphtheria
Measles
73 із 200
A 75-year-old-female patient with complaints of visual impairment has been delivered to the ophthalmologic department. Objective examination revealed a brain tumor in area of the left optic tract. The patient has a visual field defect in the following area:
Left half of both eyes retina
Left and right halves of the right eye retina
Left and right halves of the left eye retina
Left and right halves of both eyes retina
Right half of both eyes retina
74 із 200
A patient with coronary disease has been diagnosed with myocardial hypertrophy, tachycardia and a decrease in minute blood volume. What is the leading mechanism of cardiac hystiocyte damage in this case?
Damage of specific membrane pumps
Mg2+ loss by cardiac hystiocytes
Increase in a and 3 adrenoreceptors quantity
Cardiac hystiocyte dehydration
Ca2+ loss by cardiac hystiocytes
75 із 200
Blood analysis of a patient with jaundice reveals conjugated bilirubi-nemia, increased concentration of bile acids. There is no stercobilinogen in urine. What type of jaundice is it?
Obstructive jaundice
Parenchymatous jaundice
Hemolytic jaundice
Cythemolytic jaundice
Hepatocellular jaundice
76 із 200
While studying maximally spiralized chromosomes of human karyotype the process of cell division was stopped in the following phase:
Metaphase
Telophase
Interphase
Anaphase
Prophase
77 із 200
A man is being measured power inputs on an empty stomach, in the lying position, under conditions of physical and psychic rest at a comfortable temperature. Power inputs will reach the maximum at:
5-6 p.m.
3-4 a.m.
78 із 200
When measuring power inputs of a man by the method of indirect calorimetry the following results were obtained: 1000 ml oxygen consumption and 800 ml carbon dioxide liberation per minute. The man under examination has the following respiratory coefficient:
0,8
0, 84
1, 25
1, 0
0, 9
79 із 200
A newborn child with pylorostenosis has often repeating vomiting accompanied by apathy, weakness, hypertonicity, sometimes convulsions. What disorder form of acid-base balance is it?
Nongaseous alkalosis
Excretory acidosis
Gaseous alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Gaseous acidosis
80 із 200
A concentrated solution of sodium chloride was intravenously injected to an animal. This caused decreased reabsorption of sodium ions in the renal tubules. It is the result of the following changes of hormonal secretion:
Aldosterone reduction
Vasopressin increase
Aldosterone increase
Reduction of atrial natriuretic factor
Vasopressin reduction
81 із 200
A patient has been diagnosed with alkaptonuria. Choose an enzyme whose deficiency can be the reason for this pathology:
Homogentisic acid oxidase
Dioxyphenylalanine decarboxylase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Glutamate dehydrogenase
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
82 із 200
A patient consulted an urologist about pain during urination. Analysis of his urine taken in the daytime revealed eggs with a characteristic sharp point. It is known from the anamnesis that the patient has recently returned from Australia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Urogenital schistosomiasis
Dicroceliasis
Opisthorchiasis
Japanese schistosomiasis
Intestinal schistosomiasis
83 із 200
A 49-year old female patient has limitation of left limbs arbitrary movements. Muscular tonus of left hand and leg is overstrained and spasmodic, local tendon reflexes are strong, pathological reflexes are presented. What is the most likely development mechanism of hypertension and hyperreflexia?
Reduction of descending inhibitory influence
Activation of excitatory influence from the focus of stroke
Motoneuron activation induced by stroke
Ihibition of cerebral cortex motoneurons
Activation of synaptic transmission
84 із 200
A 35-year-old patient complains about having severe rhinitis and loss of sense of smell for a week. Objectively: the nasal cavity contains a lot of mucus covering the mucous membrane and blocking olfactory receptors. In what region of the nasal cavity are these receptors located?
Superior nasal concha
Median nasal concha
Inferior nasal concha
Vestibule of nose
Common nasal meatus
85 із 200
A 10-year-old child had the mantoux tuberculin test administered. 48 hours later a papule up to 8 mm in diameter appeared on the site of the injection. What type of hypersensitivity reaction developed after the tuberculin injection?
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
Arthus phenomenon
Seroreaction
Atopic reaction
Type II hypersensitivity reaction
86 із 200
Vitamin Bi deficiency causes disturbance of oxidative decarboxylation of o-ketoglutaric acid. This leads to the impaired synthesis of the following coenzyme:
Thiamine pyrophosphate
Lipoic acid
Coenzyme A
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Flavine adenine dinucleotide
87 із 200
Examination of a pregnant woman having Rh-negative blood revealed high level of antierythrocytic antibodies. For its reduction she was implanted with her husband’s Rhpositive skin graft. The graft was rejected in two weeks. Its microscopic examination revealed circulatory disturbance, edema and cellular infiltration with lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages predominance. What is the most likely pathology?
Graft immunity
Immediate hypersensitivity
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Interstitial inflammation
Granulomatous inflammation
88 із 200
A 17-year-old girl took a high dose of phenobarbital to commit a suicide. An ambulance doctor cleansed her stomach and gave her an intravenous injection of bemegride and sodium hydrocarbonate solution. What was sodi- um hydrocarbonate injected for?
For increasing renal excretion of phenobarbital
For arterial pressure normalization
For bringing the patient to consciousness
For phenobarbital inactivation
For breathing stimulation
89 із 200
While examining the oral cavity a stomatologist revealed inflammation of papillae on the border of the median and posterior third of the back of tongue. What papillae are inflamed?
Papillae vallatae
Papillae conicae
Papillae fungiformes
Papillae foliatae
Papillae filiformes
90 із 200
A patient is 44 years old. Laboratory examination of his blood revealed that content of proteins in plasma was 40 g/l. What influence will be exerted on the transcapillary water metabolism?
Filtration will be increased, reabsorption - decreased
Filtration will be decreased, reabsorption - increased
Both filtration and reabsorption will be decreased
Metabolism will stay unchanged
Both filtration and reabsorption will be increased
91 із 200
A patient has corestenoma. What is the reason of such condition?
Increased tonus of parasympathetic centres
Noradrenaline action
Increased activity of sympathoadrenal system
Adrenaline action
Increased tonus of sympathetic centres
92 із 200
A 46-year-old man had a bulging dark macula on skin that caused no discomfort. With time it began to increase in size and became painful. It turned dark brown and there was a nodule on palpation. Histological examination of tissues revealed spindle and polymorphous cells with multiple mitoses. Their cytoplasm contained brown pigment. What tumour is it?
Melanoma
Basalioma
Hemangioma
Nevus
-
93 із 200
The patient with complaints of permanent thirst applied to the doctor. Hyperglycemia, polyuria and increased concentration of 17-ketosteroids in the urine were revealed. What disease is the most likely?
Steroid diabetes
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Myxoedema
Type I glycogenosis
Addison’s disease
94 із 200
A 32-year-old patient consulted a doctor about the absence of lactation after parturition. Such disorder might be explained by the deficit of the following hormone:
Prolactin
Vasopressin
Thyrocalcitonin
Somatotropin
Glucagon
95 із 200
An infant has pylorospasm, weakness, hypodynamia, convulsions as a result of frequent vomiting. What kind of acid-base disbalance is it?
Excretory alkalosis
Gaseous alkalosis
Excretory acidosis
Exogenous nongaseous acidosis
Metabolic acidosis
96 із 200
A weightlifter has a disruption of thoracic lymphatic duct as a result of lifting a weight. Choose the most likely site of injury:
In the region of aortic hiatus
In the posterior mediastinum
In the region of venous angle
In the region of neck
In the region of lumbosacral plexus
97 із 200
A woman suffering from osteochondrosis has acute pain in her humeral articulation that gets worse when she tries to abduct her shoulder. These symptoms might be caused by damage of the following nerve:
Axillary nerve
Subclavicular nerve
Dorsal scapular nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve
Subscapular nerve
98 із 200
Pyeloureterography X-ray photo showed a renal pelvis with minor calyces only (major calyces were absent). What form of urinary tracts of a kidney was revealed?
Embryonal
Fetal
-
Ampullar
Mature
99 із 200
A female patient presents with endocrine dysfunction of follicular cells of the ovarian follicles resulting from an inflammation. The synthesis of the following hormone will be inhibited:
Estrogen
Follistatine
Lutropin
Progesterone
Follicle stimulating hormone
100 із 200
A 19-year-old female patient has had low haemoglobin rate of 90-95 g/l since childhood. Blood count results obtained after hospitalisation are as follows: erythrocytes - 3,2 • 1012/l, Hb- 85 g/l, colour index - 0,78; leukocytes - 5,6 • 109/l, platelets - 210 • 109/l. Smear examination revealed anisocytosis, poikilocytosis and target cells. Reticulocyte rate is 6%. Iron therapy was ineffective. What blood pathology corresponds with the described clinical presentations?
Thalassemia
Sickle-cell anemia
Favism
Enzymopathy
Membranopathy
101 із 200
A liquidator of a breakdown at a nuclear power plant who was irradiated complained about vomiting that occurs all of a sudden. What medication should be prescribed?
Metoclopramide
Reserpine
De-Nol
Aeron
Atropine
102 із 200
A patient with acute myocardial infarction has been administered heparin as a part of complex therapy. Some time after heparin injection the patient developed hematuria. What heparin antagonist should be injected in order to manage the complication?
Protamine sulfate
Aminocaproic acid
Neodicumarin
Fibrinogen
Vicasol
103 із 200
A 45-year-old patient was admitted to the cardiological department. ECG data: negative P wave overlaps QRS complex, diastolic interval is prolonged after extrasystole. What type of extrasystole is it?
Atrioventricular
Bundle-branch
Atrial
Ventricular
Sinus
104 із 200
A patient complains of hydruria (7 liters per day) and polydipsia. Examination reveals no disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. These abnormalities might be caused by the dysfunction of the following endocrine gland:
Neurohypophysis
Islets of Langerhans (pancreatic islets)
Adenohypophysis
Adrenal medulla
Adrenal cortex
105 із 200
Before a surgery a blood sample of a 30-year-old man has been typed. Blood is Rh-positive. Standard serums of such groups as 0 afi (I), Afi (II), Ba (III) didn’t activate erythrocyte agglutination reaction. The group of the analyzed blood is:
0 afi (I)
Afi (II)
AB (IV)
Ba (III)
-
106 із 200
Medical examination of a 20-year-old woman revealed a dense incapsulated node 1 cm in diameter that was palpated in the mammary gland. The postoperative biopsy revealed connective tissue overgrowth around the mammary ducts and glandular components of different diameter that didn’t make lobules and bore no signs of cellular abnormality. What diagnosis will be made?
Fibroadenoma
Adenoma
Fibroma
Fibrocarcinoma
Metastatic cancer
107 із 200
A 38-year-old male patient has been ill with systemic lupus erythematosus for three years. He was diagnosed with diffuse renal affection accompanied by massive edemata and expressive proteinuria. What is the most likely cause of proteinuria development?
Autoimmune renal affection
Ischemic renal affection
Urinary bladder inflammation
Aseptic renal affection
Urinary tracts inflammation
108 із 200
A student failed to answer all the questions of examination paper correctly. As a result he blushed, felt hot and lost confidence. What type of arterial hyperemia has developed in this case?
Neurotonic hyperemia
Postishemic hyperemia
Pathologic hyperemia
Neuroparalytic hyperemia
Metabolic hyperemia
109 із 200
Acute renal impairment caused death of a bleeding patient. Autopsy revealed enlarged kidneys with a broad pale pink cortical layer expressively demarcated from dark red renal pyramids. Macroscopic examination revealed lack of epithelial nuclei of convoluted tubules, tubulorrhexis, phlebostasis. The cell nuclei of choroid glomus and straight tubules were present. What pathology is it?
Necronephrosis
Glomerulonephritis
Nephrosis
Pyelonephritis
Infarction
110 із 200
A female patient consulted a doctor about pain and limited movements in the knee joints. Which of the following nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs should be administered taking into consideration that the patient has a history of chronic gastroduodenitis?
Celecoxib
Acetylsalicilic acid
Promedol
Butadiounum
Diclofenac sodium
111 із 200
A patient presents with icteriti-ousness of skin, scleras and mucous membranes. Blood plasma the total bilirubin is increased, stercobilin is increased in feces, urobilin is increased in urine. What type of jaundice is it?
Haemolytic
Obturational
Cholestatic
Parenchymatous
Gilbert’s disease
112 із 200
Blood plasma of a healthy man contains several dozens of proteins. During an illness new proteins can originate, namely the protein of 'acute phase'. Select such protein from the listed below:
C-reactive protein
A immunoglobulin
Fibrinogen
Prothrombin
G immunoglobulin
113 із 200
A patient working at a pig farm complains about paroxysmal abdominal pain, liquid feces with admixtures of mucus and blood, headache, weakness, fever. Examination of large intestine revealed ulcers from 1 mm up to several cm large, feces contained oval unicellular organisms with cilia. What disease should be suspected?
Balantidiasis
Amebiasis
Lambliasis
Toxoplasmosis
Trichomoniasis
114 із 200
During hypersensitivity test a patient got subcutaneous injection of an antigen which caused reddening of skin, edema, pain as a result of histamine action. This biogenic amine is generated as a result of transformation of the following histidine amino acid:
Decarboxylation
Deaminization
Methylation
Phosphorylation
Isomerization
115 із 200
During fighting a man had a cardiac arrest as a result of a hard blow to the upper region of anterior abdominal wall. Which of the described mechanisms might have provoked the cardiac arrest?
Parasympathetic unconditioned reflexes
Peripheric reflexes
Sympathetic unconditioned reflexes
Sympathetic conditioned reflexes
Parasympathetic conditioned reflexes
116 із 200
There is a severe time restriction for people’s staying at a height of over 800 m above the sea level without oxygen bombs. What is the life limiting factor in this case?
Partial oxygen pressure
Moisture level
Earth gravity
Temperature
Ultraviolet intensity
117 із 200
A patient with marked pneumofibrosis that developed after infiltrating pulmonary tuberculosis has been diagnosed with respiratory failure. What is its pathogenetic type?
Restrictive
Dysregulatory
Reflex
Obstructive
Apneistic
118 із 200
During surgical manipulations a patient has been given novocaine injection for anesthesia. 10 minutes later the patient developed paleness, dyspnea, hypotension. What type of allergic reaction is it?
Anaphylactic immune reaction
Stimulating immune reaction
Aggregate immune reaction
Cell-mediated immune reaction
Cellulotoxic immune reaction
119 із 200
A sensitive neural ganglion consists of roundish neurocytes with one extension that divides into axon and dendrite at a some distance from the perikaryon. What are these cells called?
Pseudounipolar
Apolar
Unipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar
120 із 200
A patient complained about dizziness, memory impairment, periodical convulsions. It was revealed that these changes were caused by a product of decarboxylation of glutamic acid. Name this product:
GABA
ATP
TDP
Pyridoxal phosphate
THFA
121 із 200
It was found out that some compounds, for instance fungi toxins and some antibiotics can inhibit activity of ENA-polymerase. What process will be disturbed in a cell in case of inhibition of this enzyme?
Transcription
Processing
Reparation
Translation
Replication
122 із 200
During an experiment the myotatic reflex has been studied in frogs. After extension in a skeletal muscle its reflectory contraction was absent. The reason for it might be a dysfunction of the following receptors:
Muscle spindles
Tactile
Nociceptors
Articular
Golgi tendon organs
123 із 200
An adult man presents with systemic arterial pressure drop from 120/70 to 90/50 mm Hg. This resulted in reflex vasoconstriction. Vasoconstriction will be minimal in the following organ:
Heart
Bowels
Skin
Skeletal muscles
Liver
124 із 200
A culture of monkey cells (Vero) and a group of mouse sucklings were infected with an inoculum taken from a child with provisional diagnosis 'enterovirus infection'. There was no cytopathic effect on the cell culture but mouse sucklings died. What enteric viruses might have caused disease of this child?
Coxsackie A
Polioviruses
ECHO virus
Unclassified enteric viruses 68-71
Coxsackie B
125 із 200
An electron microphotography of a fragment of proper gastric gland shows a big irregular round-shaped cell. There are a lot of intracellular tubules and mitochondria in the cytoplasm. Specify this cell:
Parietal cell
Principal cell
Undifferentiated cell
Mucous cell
Endocrine cell
126 із 200
Blood count of an athlete is as follows: erythrocytes - 5,5 • 1012/l, Hb-180 g/l, leukocytes - 7 • 109/l, neutrophils -64%, basophils - 0,5%, eosinophils - 0,5%, monocytes - 8%, lymphocytes 27 %. First of all, such results indicate the stimulation of :
Erythropoiesis
Lymphopoiesis
Granulocytopoiesis
Leukopoiesis
Immunogenesis
127 із 200
A patient died from cardiopulmonary decompensation. Histological examination revealed diffused pulmonary affection along with interstitial edema, infiltration of tissue by limphocytes, macrophages, plasmocytes; pulmonary fibrosis, panacinar emphysema. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Fibrosing alveolitis
Pulmonary atelectasis
Bronchial asthma
Chronic bronchitis
Bronchopneumonia
128 із 200
If a man has an attack of bronchi-ospasm it is necessary to reduce the effect of vagus on smooth muscles of bronchi. What membrane cytoreceptors should be blocked for this purpose?
M-cholinoreceptors
a- and b-adrenoreceptors
N-cholinoreceptors
a-adrenoreceptors
b-adrenoreceptors
129 із 200
A male patient has been diagnosed with gastric ulcer. Bacteriological examination of biopsy material from the affected part of stomach revealed small colonies of gram-negative, oxide reductase-positive flexibacteria that grew on the chocolate agar on the fifth day. Which of the following microorganisms is the most likely causative agent?
Helicobacter pylori
Mycoplasma hominis
Chlamydia trachomatis
Campilobacter jejuni
Campilobacter fetus
130 із 200
There are several groups of molecular mechanisms playing important part in pathogenesis of insult to cells which contributes to the pathology development. What processes are stimulated by proteinic damage mechanisms?
Enzyme inhibition
Lipid peroxidation
Phospholipase activation
Acidosis
Osmotic membrane distension
131 із 200
A patient has been diagnosed with a compression fracture of a lumbar vertebra. As a result he has a considerable increase in curvature of the lumbar lordosis. Which ligament damage can induce such changes in the spine curvature?
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Iliolumbar ligament
Interspinous ligament
Yellow ligament
132 із 200
A 49-year-old patient with croupous pneumonia died from pneumococcal septicemia. Autopsy revealed up to 700 ml of turbid greenish-yellow foul-smelling liquid in the left pleural cavity. The pleural leaflets were dull and plethoric. What form of pleural inflammation is it?
Chronic abscess
Fibrinous inflammation
Phlegmon
Empyema
Acute abscess
133 із 200
A 35-year-old man developed acute heart failure while running for a long time. What changes in ionic composition can be observed in the cardiac muscle?
Accumulation of Na+ and Ca2+ ions in the myocardium cells
Accumulation of K + and Mg2+ ions in the myocardium cells
Reduction of K + and Mg2+ ions in the extracellular space
Reduction of Na+ and Ca2+ ions in the myocardium cells
Reduction of Na+ and Ca2+ ions in the extracellular space
134 із 200
A child with a history of frequent angine and pharyngitis has been diagnosed with lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. His appearance is characterised by pastosity and paleness, muscular tissue is poorly developed. Lymphocytosis is present. What kind of diathesis is it?
Lymphohypoplastic diathesis
Gouty diathesis
Exudative diathesis
Asthenic diathesis
Hemorrhagic diathesis
135 із 200
In response to a change in body position from horizontal to vertical blood circulation system develops reflectory pressor reaction. Which of the following is its compulsory component?
Systemic constriction of the venous vessels
Decrease in the circulating blood volume
Increase in the heart rate
Weakening of the pumbing ability of heart
Systemic dilatation of the arterial resistive vessels
136 із 200
After an immunoassay a child was diagnosed with immunodeficiency of humoral immunity. What is the reason for the primary immunodeficiency development in the child?
Hereditary abnormality of immune system
Embryonal development abnormalities
Toxic damage of B-lymphocytes
Pathometabolism in mother’s organism
Immune responsiveness and resistance disorders
137 із 200
Life cycle of a cell includes the process of DNA autoreduplication. As a result of it monochromatid chromosomes turn into bichromatid ones. What period of cell cycle does this phenomenon fall into?
5
Gi
M
G2
G0
138 із 200
Examination of a 12-year-old boy with developmental lag revealed achondroplasia: disproportional constitution with evident shortening of upper and lower limbs as a result of growth disorder of epiphyseal cartilages of long tubal bones. This disease is:
Inherited, dominant
Congenital
Acquired
Inherited, sex-linked
Inherited, recessive
139 із 200
2 days after labour a woman developed shock along with DIC syndrome that caused her death. Autopsy revealed purulent endomyometritis, regional purulent lymphangitis, lymphadenitis and purulent thrombophlebitis. There were also dystrophic alterations and interstitial inflammation of parenchymal organs. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Septicemia
Hydatid mole
Chorioadenoma destruens
Syphilis
Tuberculosis of genital organs
140 із 200
After a craniocerebral trauma a patient lost the ability to execute learned purposeful movements (apraxia). The injury is most likely localized in the following region of the cerebral cortex:
Gyrus supramarginalis
Gyrus parahippocampalis
Gyrus lingualis
Gyrus paracentralis
Gyrus angularis
141 із 200
Tissue inosytol triphosphates are generated as a result of the phosphati-dylinositol diphosphate hydrolysis and act as secondary agents (mediators) in the mechanism of hormone action. Their effect in cells is directed at:
Calcium ion liberation from cellular depot
Phosphodiesterase inhibition
Protein kinase A activation
Adenylate cyclase activation
Protein kinase A inhibition
142 із 200
A patient with coronary disease and arrhythmia has been administered a drug that blocks potassium channels and prolongs the action potential. What drug is it?
Amiodarone
Nitroglycerin
Lisinopril
Corglyconum
Dobutamine
143 із 200
A patient takes digoxin for cardiac insufficiency. What diuretic may increase digoxin toxicity due to the intensified excretion of K + ions?
Hydrochlorothiazide
Siliborum
Lisinopril
Panangine
Spironolactone
144 із 200
During starvation muscle proteins break up into free amino acids. These compounds will be the most probably involved into the following process:
Gluconeogenesis in liver
Gluconeogenesis in muscles
Decarboxylation
Synthesis of higher fatty acids
Glycogenolysis
145 із 200
A female patient consulted a doctor about a sense of epigastric discomfort, nausea and anorexia. A duodenal content analysis revealed lamblia. What drug should be prescribed?
Metronidazole
Chingamin
Isoniazid
Rifampicin
Acyclovir
146 із 200
A 28-year-old female patient consulted a gynecologist about sterility. Examination revealed underdeveloped ovaries and uterus, irregular menstrual cycle. Analysis of the sex chromatin revealed 2 Barr’s bodies in most somatic cells. What chromosome disease is most likely?
Triple X syndrome
Turner’s syndrome
Edwards’ syndrome
Patau’s syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
147 із 200
A 1-year-old baby has been hospitalised for body and limbs lesions. Exami- nation revealed carnitine deficiency in the child’s muscles. A biochemical reason for this pathology is the disorder of:
Transport of fatty acids to mitochondria
Regulation of Ca2+ rate in mitochondria
Substrate-linked phosphorylation
Utilization of lactic acid
Oxidative phosphorylation
148 із 200
During anesthetization a patient presented with symptoms of tonus increase of parasympathetic nervous system such as hypersalivation and laryngospasm. What drug could have prevented these undesirable effects?
Atropine sulphate
Adrenaline hydrochloride
Neostigmine
Analgin
Pyracetam
149 із 200
Some students developed myodynia after continuous physical activity during physical education. The reason for such condition was accumulation of lactic acid in the skeletal muscles. It was generated in the students’ bodies after activation of the following process:
Glycolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Lipolysis
Pentose-phosphate cycle
Glycogeny
150 із 200
A newborn develops dyspepsia after the milk feeding. When the milk is substituted by the glucose solution the dyspepsia symptoms disappear. The newborn has the subnormal activity of the following enzyme:
Lactase
Amylase
Maltase
Isomaltase
Invertase
151 із 200
A doctor asked a patient to breath out fully after taking a normal breath. What muscles contract during such exhalation?
Abdominal muscles
Diaphragm
Trapezius muscles
External intercostal muscles
Pectoral muscles
152 із 200
On an electron micrograph a scientist has identified a structure formed by eight histone proteins and a part of DNA molecule which makes about 1,75 revolutions around the molecules. Which structure has been identified?
Nucleosoma
Chromosome
Chromatid
Elemetary fibril
Half-chromatid
153 із 200
A patient with massive burns developed acute renal insufficiency characterized by a significant and rapid deceleration of glomerular filtration. What is the mechanism of its development?
Reduction of renal blood flow
Damage of glomerular filter
Rise of pressure of tubular fluid
Reduction of functioning nephron number
Renal artery embolism
154 із 200
A three-year-old child has had marked diarrhea for three days. Immune electron microscopy of his excrements revealed bilayer pseudocovered capsid viruses that looked like small spoke wheels. What viruses have been revealed?
Rotaviruses
Reoviruses
ECHO viruses
Coronaviruses
Coxsackie viruses
155 із 200
A male patient has fever and enanthesis. As a result of the examination involving serological tests he has been diagnosed with fasciola hepatica. It was found out that the patient had been infected through raw river water. Which stage of fasciola life cycle is invasive for humans?
Adolescaria
Cysticercus
Metacercaria
Ovum
Miracidium
156 із 200
A patient with high-titer antinuclear antibodies died from progressing renal impairment. Autopsy revealed mesangi-oproliferative glomerulonephritis and abacterial polypous endocarditis. There was periarterial bulbar sclerosis in spleen and productive proliferative vasculitis in skin. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Periarteritis nodosa
Rheumatism
Dermatomyositis
Nephrotic syndrome
157 із 200
Electronic microphotography of pulmonary alveole’s wall presents a big cell. Its cytoplasm has a lot of mitochondria, developed Golgi apparatus, osmiophil lamellated corpuscles. What is the main function of this cell?
It produces surfactant
It absorbs microorganisms
It warms the air
It is a component of blood-air barrier
It purifies the air
158 із 200
A patient has food poisoning. Laboratory analysis revealed a culture of anaerobic grampositive spore-forming bacteria. What is the most likely kind of the isolated causative agent?
B. perfringens
Proteus vulgaris
Esherichia coli
Vibrio parahemolyticus
P. mirabilis
159 із 200
An animal has an increased tonus of extensor muscles. This the result of intensified information transmission to the motoneurons of the spinal cord through the following descending pathways:
Vestibulospinal
Reticulospinal
Medial corticospinal
Lateral corticospinal
Rubrospinal
160 із 200
A 70-year-old male patient died from acute coronary insufficiency. He had knee joint swelling, gonycampsis and gonalgia during his lifetime. Pathomorphologic examination of the deformed joints and synovial membranes revealed membrane hyperaemia with multiple perivascular inflammatory infltrations made by lymphocytes, plasmocytes and macrophagocytes. There was an accumulation of organized fibrin covering some areas of synovium membrane and looking like rice grains in the articular liquid. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Atrophic arthritis
Deforming arthrosis
Tuberculous arthritis
Periarteritis nodosa
Ankylosing spondylitis
161 із 200
A man having a hearing loss after a head trauma was delivered to the neurosurgery department. The cause of the hearing loss might be the damage of the following lobe of cerebral cortex:
Temporal
Postcentral gyrus
Frontal
Occipital
Parietal
162 із 200
A pregnant woman was registered in an antenatal clinic and underwent complex examination for a number of infections. Blood serum contained IgM to the rubella virus. What is this result indicative of?
Of primary infection
Of recurring infection with rubella virus
Of a chronic process
The woman is healthy
Of exacerbation of a chronic disease
163 із 200
A patient with tuberculosis died from progressing cardiopulmonary decompensation. Autopsy in the region of the right lung apex revealed a cavity 5 cm in diameter communicating with lumen of a segmental bronchus. On the inside cavity walls are covered with caseous masses with epithelioid and Langhans cells beneath them. What morphological form of tuberculosis is it?
Acute cavernous tuberculosis
Caseous pneumonia
Acute focal tuberculosis
Infiltrative tuberculosis
Tuberculoma
164 із 200
Vomiting matters of a patient suspected of having cholera were delivered to the bacteriological laboratory. The material was used for preparing a 'hanging drop' specimen. What type of microscopy will be applied for identification of the causative agent by its mobility?
Phase-contrast microscopy
Fluorescence microscopy
Immune and electron microscopy
Electron microscopy
Immersion microscopy
165 із 200
A patient with enteritis accompanied by massive diarrhea has low water rate in the extracellular space, high water rate inside the cells and low blood osmolari-ty. What is such disturbance of water-electrolytic metabolism called?
Hypo-osmolar hypohydration
Hyperosmolar hypohydration
Hypo-osmolar hyperhydration
Hyperosmolar hyperhydration
Osmolar hypohydration
166 із 200
Examination of a 6-month-old child revealed a delay in closure of the occipital fontanelle. When should it normally close?
Until 3 months
Before the child is born
Until 6 months
Until the end of the first year of life
Until the end of the second year of life
167 із 200
A newborn child was found to have reduced intensity of sucking, frequent vomiting, hypotonia. Urine and blood exhibit increased concentration of citrulli-ne. What metabolic process is disturbed?
Ornithinic cycle
Cori cycle
Tricarboxylic acid cycle
Glyconeogenesis
Glycolysis
168 із 200
A male patient has been diagnosed with acute radiation disease. Laboratory examination revealed a considerable reduction of platelet serotonin level. The likely cause of platelet serotonin reduction is the disturbed metabolism of the following substance:
5-oxytryptofane
Histidine
Serine
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
169 із 200
In course of a conditional experiment the development of mesenchyma cells was completely inhibited. Development of the following muscular tissue will be disturbed:
Smooth muscular tissue
Epidermal muscular tissue
Neural muscular tissue
Skeletal muscular tissue
Cardiac muscular tissue
170 із 200
A histologic specimen shows an organ’s parenchyma which is presented by lymphoid tissue making some lymph nodes. The nodes are located diffusively and contain a central artery. What anatomic formation might have such morphological structure?
Spleen
Red bone marrow
Lymph node
Thymus
Tonsil
171 із 200
A victim with a head trauma in the temporal region has been diagnosed with epidural hematoma. What artery is most likely to be damaged?
Medial membranous artery
Posterior auricular artery
Medial cerebral artery
Anterior membranous artery
Superficial temporal artery
172 із 200
A child has mental and physical retardation, grave damage of internal connective tissue. Urine analysis reveals keratan sulfates. What metabolic process is disturbed?
Glycosaminoglycans
Fibronectin
Elastin
Collagen
Hyaluronic acid
173 із 200
A tooth extraction in a patient with chronic persistent hepatitis was complicated with prolonged hemorrhage. What is the reason for the haemorrhagic syndrome?
Decrease in thrombin production
Increase in thromboplastin production
Decrease in fibrin production
Fibrinolysis intensification
Increase in fibrinogen synthesis
174 із 200
Sex chromosomes of a woman didn’t separate and move to the opposite poles of a cell during gametogenesis (meiosis). The ovum was impregnated with a normal spermatozoon. Which chromosomal disease can be found in her child?
Turner’s syndrome
Cat cry syndrome
Edwards’ syndrome
Down’s syndrome
Patau’s syndrome
175 із 200
A female patient was administered loratadine for allergic cheilitis treatment. What is the mechanism of the drug’s acti- on?
It blocks the activity of Hi histamine receptors
It blocks the adrenergic receptors
It inhibits the activity of Na,K-ATP
It stimulates the activity of monoamine oxidase
It inhibits the activity of choline esterase
176 із 200
Ultramicroscopical examination of 'dark' hepatocyte population in the cell cytoplasm detected a developed granular endoplasmic reticulum. What function has this organella in these cells?
Synthesis of blood plasma proteins
Calcium ion depositing
Bile production
Deintoxicative function
Carbohydrate synthesis
177 із 200
A doctor prescribed a cephalosporin antibiotic to the patient after appendectomy for infection prevention. Antimicrobial activity of this group of antibiotics is based upon the disturbance of the following process:
Microbial wall formation
Ribosome protein synthesis
Energy metabolism
Choline esterase block
Nucleic acid synthesis
178 із 200
A patient underwent an extraction of a part of a CNS structures by medical indications. As a result of the extraction the patient developed atony, astasia, intention tremor, ataxy and adiadochokinesis. Which part of CNS structure had been extracted?
Cerebellum
Basal ganglions
Amygdaloid corpus
Limbic system
Hippocamp
179 із 200
A patient has been diagnosed with influenza. His condition became drastically worse after taking antipyretic drugs. His consciousness is confused, AP is 80/50 mm Hg, Ps is 140/m, body temperature droped down to 35,8oC. What complication developed in this patient?
Collapse
Hyperthermia
Hypovolemia
Acidosis
Alkalosis
180 із 200
A patient consulted a doctor about loss of taste sensitivity on the tongue root. The doctor revealed that it is caused by nerve affection. Which nerve is it?
Glossopharyngeal
Facial nerve
Superlaryngeal nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Vagus nerve
181 із 200
Which muscle contraction will be observed in the upper extremity during holding (but not moving) a load in a certain position?
Isometric
Auxotonic
Excentric
Concentric
Isotonic
182 із 200
An older woman has been hospitalised for acute pain and edema of the right hip joint that appered after a fall. Objectively: the hip is adduced inwards, hip joint movements are impaired. The patient is most likely to have a fracture of the following bone or bone part:
Femoral neck
Condyle of femur
Ischial bone
Shaft of femur
Pubic bone
183 із 200
A 45-year-old woman has breast cancer. Her left arm has symptoms of lymphatic system insufficiency - limb edema, lymph node enlargement. What form of lymphatic circulation insufficiency is it?
Mechanic insufficiency
Resorption insufficiency
Dynamic insufficiency
-
Combined insufficiency
184 із 200
Study of conversion of a food colouring agent revealed that neutralization of this xenobiotic takes place only in one phase - microsomal oxydation. Name a component of this phase:
Cytochrome P-450
Cytochrome A
Cytochrome oxidase
Cytochrome B
Cytochrome C
185 із 200
While performing an inguinal canal operation on account of hernia a surgeon damaged the canal’s contents. What exactly was damaged?
Funiculus spermaticus
Lig. teres uteri
Urarchus
-
Lig. inguinale
186 із 200
A patient with myocardial infarction was admitted to the cardiological department. For pain relief it was decided to potentiate fentanyl action with a neuroleptic. Which of the following neuroleptics is the most suitable for neuroleptanalgesia?
Droperidol
Sulpiride
Aminazine
Triftazine
Haloperidol
187 із 200
A 25-year-old man has spent a long time in the sun under high air humidity. As a result of it his body temperature rose up to 39oC. What pathological process is it?
Hyperthermia
Burn disease
Infectious fever
Noninfectious fever
Hypothermia
188 із 200
A 26-year-old man is in the torpid shock phase as a result of a car accident. In blood: 3, 2 • 109 /l. What is the leading mechanism of leukopenia development?
Redistribution of leukocytes in bloodstream
Intensified elimination of leukocytes from the organism
Lysis of leukocytes in the blood-forming organs
Disturbed going out of mature leukocytes from the marrow into the blood
Leikopoiesis inhibition
189 із 200
A patient consulted a doctor about a sensation of imbalance which appeared after a trauma. Which nerve is damaged?
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Vagus nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Facial nerve
Intermediate nerve
190 із 200
An alcoholic has alcoholic psychosis with evident psychomotor agitation. What neuroleptic drug should be administered for emergency care?
Aminazine
Reserpine
Sodium bromide
Halothane
Diazepam
191 із 200
A patient who has been treated in a neural clinic and has been taking a sedative for a long time got the following complication: cough, rhinitis, epiphora. What drug caused these disturbances?
Sodium bromide
Diazepam
Reserpine
Phenazepam
Valerian
192 із 200
The liver puncture biopsy of a patient with hepatocellular insufficiency revealed hydropic and ballooning degenerationof hepatocytes, necrosis of certain cells, presence of Kaunsilmen’s bodies. Portal and lobular stroma were infiltrated mostly with lymphocytes and macrophages as well as with a small number of polymorphonuclear lymphocytes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Acute viral hepatitis
Autoimmune hepatitis
Chronic persistent hepatitis
Alcoholic hepatitis
Chronic aggressive hepatitis
193 із 200
In order to accelerate healing of a radiation ulcer a vitamin drug was administered. What drug is it?
Retinol acetate
Levamisole
Retabolil
Methyluracil
Prednisolone
194 із 200
After inoculation of the material obtained from the pharynx of an angina patient onto the blood-tellurite agar, grey colonies could be observed. They were 4-5 mm in diameter, radially striated (in form of rosettes). Microscopical examination revealed gram-positive bacilli with clavate swollen ends arranged in form of wide-spread fingers. Identify these microorganisms:
Diphtheria corynebacteria
Diphtheroids
Clostridium botulinum
Streptobacilli
Streptococci
195 із 200
Cytogenetic examination of a patient with reproductive dysfunction revealed normal karyotype 46 XY in some cells, but most cells have karyotype of Klinefelter’s syndrome - 47 XXY. Such cell heterogeni-ty is called:
Mosaicism
Monomorphism
Inversion
Duplication
Transposition
196 із 200
A patient presents with acne and inflammatory alterations of facial skin. Microscopial investigation of lesion foci has revealed live arthropods sized 0,20,5 mm. They have prolate vermiform form and four pairs of thin short limbs located in the middle part of the body. The revealed arthropods cause:
Demodicosis
Dermamyiasis
Phthiriasis
Scabies
Pediculosis
197 із 200
Surgical approach to the thyroid gland from the transverse (collar) approach involves opening of interaponeurot suprasternal space. What anatomic structure localized in this space is dangerous to be damaged?
Jugular venous arch
Subclavicular vein
Superior thyroid arthery
Inferior thyroid arthery
External jugular vein
198 із 200
An injured person was delivered to the hospital with a penetrating wound in the left lateral region of abdomen. What part of the large intestine is most likely damaged?
Colon descendens
Colon ascendens
Colon transverses
Caecum
Rectum
199 із 200
A 4-year-old child presents with general weakness, sore throat and deglutitive problem. After his examination a doctor suspected diphtheria and sent the material to the bacteriological laboratory. In order to determine the diphtheria causative agent the material should be inoculated into the following differential diagnostic medium:
Blood tellurite agar
Endo’s agar
Sabouraud’s agar
Levenshtein-Yessen agar
Ploskyrev’s agar
200 із 200
Examination of the anterior abdominal wall of a pregnant woman revealed a tumour-like formation that arose on the spot of a tumour that was removed two years ago. The neoplasm was well-defined, dense, 2x1 cm large. Histological examination revealed that the tumour was composed of differentiated connective tissue with prevailing collagen fibres. What tumour might be suspected?
Desmoid
Lipoma
Hibernoma
Fibrosarcoma
Leiomyoma