0%
1 із 200
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1 із 200
A 30-year-old patient complains about having abdominal pain and diarrhea for five days; body temperature rise up to 37,5oC along with chills. The day before a patient had been in a forest and drunk from an open water reservoir. Laboratory analyses enabled to make the following diagnosis: amebic dysentery. What is the drug of choice for its treatment?
Metronidazole
Emetine hydrochloride
Furazolidonum
Phthalazol
Levomycetin
2 із 200
A man suffering from a hereditary disease married a healthy woman. They got 5 children, three girls and two boys. All the girls inherited their father’s disease. What is the type of the disease inheritance?
Dominant, X-linked
Recessive, X-linked
Asutosomal dominant
Y-linked
Autosomal recessive
3 із 200
An electronic microphotograph shows a macrophagic cell with erythrocytes at different stages of differentiation located along its processes. This is the cell of the following organ:
Red bone marrow
Thymus
Spleen
Lymph node
Tonsil
4 із 200
Quite often the cause of secondary immunodeficiency is an infection involvement, when the causative agents propagate directly in the cells of immune system and destroy it. The following diseases are characterized by:
Infectious mononucleosis, AIDS
Tuberculosis, mycobacteriosis
Dysentery, cholera
Poliomyelitis, type A hepatitis
Q-febris, epidemic typhus
5 із 200
Examination of a patient revealed a dense, movable skin tumour that is standing out distinctly from the surrounding tissues. Its section is found to be white and composed of fibrous tissue. Microscopic examination revealed interlacing collagen fibers and few cells. What tumour is it?
Fibroma
Histiocytoma
Desmoid
Dermatofibroma
Myoma
6 із 200
A patient underwent a surgery for excision of a cyst on pancreas. After this he developed haemorrhagic syndrome with apparent disorder of blood coagulation. Development of this complication can be explained by:
Activation of fibrinolytic system
Insufficient fibrin production
Activation of Christmas factor
Activation of anticoagulation system
Reduced number of thrombocytes
7 із 200
A mother consulted a doctor about her 5-year-old child who develops erythemas, vesicular rash and skin itch under the influence of sun. Laboratory studies revealed decreased iron concentration in the blood serum, increased uroporphyrinogen I excretion with the urine. What is the most likely inherited pathology in this child?
Erythropoietic porphyria
Hepatic porphyria
Coproporphyria
Methemoglobinemia
Intermittent porphyria
8 із 200
A baby refuses the breast, he is anxious, presents with arrhythmic respiration. The urine smells of 'brewer’s yeast' or 'maple syrup'. This pathology was caused by the inherited defect of the following enzyme:
Dehydrogenase of branched-chain alpha-keto acids
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Glycerol kinase
Aspartate aminotransferase
UDP-glucuronil transferase
9 із 200
While studying a microslide obtained from the punctuate of a regional lymph node and stained by Romanovsky-Giemsa method a physician revealed some light-pink thin microorganisms with 12-14 regular spiral coils and pointed ends, up to 10-13 micrometer long. This might be the causative agent of the following disease:
Syphilis
Leptospirosis
Relapsing fever
Trypanosomiasis
Leishmaniasis
10 із 200
Sanitary bacteriological research on water by the membrane filter method revealed two red colonies on a membrane filter (Endo agar) through which 500 ml of analyzed water were passed. Calculate the coli index and coli titer of the analyzed water:
4 and 250
500 and 2
2 and 500
250 and 2
250 and 4
11 із 200
While examining a patient an otolaryngologist noticed hyperaemia and significantly edematous tonsils with a grayish film upon them. Microscopical examination of this film revealed some gram-positive bacilli placed at an angle with each other. What disease might be suspected?
Diphtheria
Angina
Scarlet fever
Meningococcal nasopharyngitis
Epidemic parotitis
12 із 200
A 38-year-old patient with an uterine haemorrhage lasting for 2 days was delivered to the admission ward. Which of the following will be revealed in the patient’s blood?
Decrease in the haematocrite index
Increase in the colour index
Leukocytosis
Eosinophilia
Deceleration in ESR
13 із 200
After a hypertonic crisis a patient presents with lacking spontaneous movements in his right arm and leg, muscle tone of these extremities is increased. What type of motor dysfunction has developed in this case?
Central paralysis
Peripheral paresis
Central paresis
Peripheral paralysis
Reflectrory paresis
14 із 200
A patient’s organism has decreased concentration of magnesium ions that are necessary for attachment of ribosomes to the granular endoplasmatic reticulum. It is known that this causes protein biosynthesis disturbance. What stage of protein biosynthesis will be disturbed?
Translation
Transcription
Replication
Amino acid activation
Termination
15 із 200
A patient suffering from stomach ulcer has been treated with an antacid drug almagel. For acute bronchitis treatment he was prescribed the antibiotic methacycli-ne. However within next 5 days the fever didn’t fall, cough and sputum nature remained unchanged. A physician came to the conclusion that the drugs were incompatible. What type of drug incompatibility is the case?
Pharmacokinetic, absorption stage
Pharmacokinetic, biotransformation stage
Pharmaceutic
Pharmacodynamic
Direct antagonism
16 із 200
A 70-year-old patient suffers from atherosclerosis complicated by the lower limb thrombosis that has caused gangrene on his left toes. What is the most likely cause of the thrombosis origin?
Thrombocyte adhesion
Impaired heparin synthesis
Prothrombinase activation
Transformation of fibrinogen into fibrin
Transformation of prothrombin into thrombin
17 із 200
ECG of a 44-year-old patient shows signs of hypertrophy of both ventricles and the right atrium. The patient was diagnosed with the tricuspid valve insufficiency. What pathogenetic variant of cardiac dysfunction is usually observed in case of such insufficiency?
Heart overload by volume
Heart overload by resistance
Coronary insufficiency
Cardiac tamponade
Primary myocardial insufficiency
18 із 200
Bacteriological examination of purulent discharges from the urethra revealed gram-negative bacteria looking like coffee beans. They were localized in the leukocytes and could decompose glucose and maltose to acid. These are the causative agents of the following disease:
Gonorrhoea
Syphilis
Melioidosis
Veneral lymphogranulomatosis
Soft chancre
19 із 200
Proserin increases skeletal muscle tone when given systematically. Halothane induces relaxation of skeletal muscles and reduces proserin effects. What is the nature of proserin and halothane interaction?
Indirect functional antagonism
Independent antagonism
Direct functional antagonism
Noncompetitive antagonism
Competitive antagonism
20 із 200
A 62-year-old female patient has developed a cataract (lenticular opacity) secondary to the diabetes mellitus. What type of protein modification is observed in case of diabetic cataract?
Glycosylation
Methylation
Phosphorylation
Limited proteolysis
ADP-ribosylation
21 із 200
Examination of a 2-year-old child revealed physical developmental lag, the child often has pneumonias. The child was diagnosed with nonclosure of ductus arteriosus. Haemodynamics disorder was caused by the intercommunication of the following vessels:
Aorta and pulmonary trunk
Superior cava and pulmonary trunk
Superior cava and aorta
Aorta and pulmonary veins
Pulmonary trunk and pulmonary veins
22 із 200
The temperature of the ambient environment is 38oC and relative air humidity is 50%. What ways of heat emission provide maintaining a constant temperature of the human body?
Evaporation
Heat conduction
Convection
Convection and conduction
Radiation
23 із 200
A married couple consulted a specialist at the genetic consultation about probability of having children with hemophilia. Both spouses are healthy, but the wife’s father has hemophilia. In this family hemophilia may be passed to:
Half of sons
Half of daughters
All the children
Both sons and daughters
Daughters only
24 із 200
The minute blood volume in a patient with transplanted heart has increased as a result of physical activity. What regulative mechanism is responsible for these changes?
Catecholamines
Parasympathetic unconditioned reflexes
Sympathetic conditioned reflexes
Parasympathetic conditioned reflexes
Sympathetic unconditioned reflexes
25 із 200
A female patient consulted a physician about digestive disorder, extended abdominal pain. Examination revealed drastic decrease in hemoglobin concentration. It is known from the anamnesis that while living in the Far East the patient used to eat freshly-salted caviar. Some relatives living with her had the similar condition. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Diphyllobothriasis
Echinococcosis
Teniasis
Trichiniasis
Ascaridiasis
26 із 200
A man has normal sensitivity of his finger skin, however he doesn’t sense his wedding ring around the finger. What process induced by wearing of the ring has caused this phenomenon?
Receptor adaptation
Development of the fibrous tissue
Impaired circulation
Abnormality of the epidermis structure
Abnormality of the receptor structure
27 із 200
It is necessary to take the cerebrospinal fluid from a patient with suspected inflammation of brain tunics. Diagnostic puncture was performed between the arches of the lumbar vertebras. During the puncture the needle went through the following ligament:
Yellow (flaval)
Posterior longitudinal
Intertransverse
Iliolumbar
Anterior longitudinal
28 із 200
ECG study showed that the T-waves were positive in the standard extremity leads, their amplitude and duration were normal. The right conclusion would be that the following process runs normally in the heart ventricles:
Repolarization
Relaxation
Contraction
Depolarization
Excitement
29 із 200
A patient has an increased pyruvate concentration in blood. A large amount of it is excreted with the urine. What vitamin is lacking in this patient?
Bi
B3
B6
B2
E
30 із 200
A patient has pellagra. Interrogation revealed that he had lived mostly on maize for a long time and eaten little meat. This disease had been caused by the deficit of the following substance in the maize:
Tryptophan
Histidine
Alanine
Tyrosine
Proline
31 із 200
Study of bacteriological sputum specimens stained by the Ziel-Neelsen method revealed some bright-red acid-resistant bacilli that were found in groups or singularly. When inoculated onto the nutrient media, the signs of their growth show up on the 10-15 day. These bacteria relate to the following family:
Micobacterium tuberculosis
Histoplasma dubrosii
Coxiella burnettii
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis
32 із 200
A patient with high rate of obesity was advised to use carnitine as a food additive in order to enhance 'fat burning'. What is the role of carnitine in the process of fat oxidation?
Transport of FFA (free fatty acids) from cytosol to the mitochondria
FFA activation
It takes part in one of reactions of FFA beta-oxidation
Transport of FFA from fat depots to the tissues
Activation of intracellular lipolysis
33 із 200
In a 2-year-old child with catarrhal presentations and skin rash a pediatrician suspected scarlet fever. The child was given intracutaneously a small dose of serum antibody to the streptococcal erythrogenic toxin; on the site of injection the rash disappeared. What do the reaction results mean?
The clinical diagnosis was confirmed
The child has hypersensitivity to the erythrogenic toxin
The child has very weak immune system
The whole serum dose may be injected intravenously
The disease wasn’t caused by haemolytic streptococcus
34 із 200
A patient has a transversal laceration in the spinal cord. What respiratory changes will result from this?
Respiration will present no significant changes
Respiration will become more frequent
Respiration will stop
Respiration will become deeper
Respiration will become less frequent
35 із 200
A female patient suffering from bronchial asthma had got a viral infection that provoked status asthmaticus with fatal outcome. Histological examination of lungs revealed spasm and edema of bronchioles, apparent infiltration of their walls with lymphocytes, eosinophils and other leukocytes; labrocyte degranulation. What mechanism of hypersensitivity underlies the described alterations?
Reagin reaction
Inflammatory
Autoimmune
Immune complex
Immune cytolysis
36 із 200
In the perianal folds of a 5-year-old girl her mother has found some white 'worms' that caused itch and anxiety in the child. The 'worms' were sent to the laboratory. During examination the physician saw white filiform helminths 0,5-1 cm long, with pointed ends, some helminths had twisted ends. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Enterobiasis
Ascaridiasis
Teniasis
Opisthorchiasis
Diphyllobothriasis
37 із 200
Examination of a 27-year-old patient revealed pathological changes in liver and brain. Blood plasma analysis revealed an abrupt decrease in the copper concentration, urine analysis revealed an increased copper concentration. The patient was diagnosed with Wilson’s degeneration. To confirm the diagnosis it is necessary to study the activity of the following enzyme in blood serum:
Ceruloplasmin
Carbonic anhydrase
Leucine aminopeptidase
Xanthine oxidase
Alcohol dehydrogenase
38 із 200
A patient complains about dyspnea provoked by the physical activity. Clinical examination revealed anaemia and presence of the paraprotein in the zone of gamma-globulins. To confirm the myeloma diagnosis it is necessary to determine the following index in the patient’s urine:
Bence Jones protein
Antitrypsin
Bilirubin
Haemoglobin
Ceruloplasmin
39 із 200
After a serious psycho-emotional stress a 45-year-old patient suddenly felt constricting heart pain irradiating to the left arm, neck and left scapula. His face turned pale, the cold sweat stood out on it. The pain attack was stopped with nitroglycerine. What process has developed in this patient?
Stenocardia
Myocardial infarction
Psychogenic shock
Stroke
Stomach ulcer perforation
40 із 200
A 62-year-old female patient complains about frequent pains in the region of thorax and vertebral column, rib fractures. A physician suspected myelomatosis (plasmocytoma). Which of the following laboratory indices will be of the greatest diagnostic importance?
Paraproteinemia
Hypoproteinemia
Hyperalbuminemia
Hypoglobulinemia
Proteinuria
41 із 200
An 8-year-old child was admitted to the infectious department with fever (up to 38° C) and punctuate bright-red skin rash. The child was diagnosed as having scarlet fever. Objectively: mucous membrane of pharynx is apparently hyperaemic and edematic, the tonsils are enlarged and have dull yellowish-grey foci with some black areas. What inflammation is the reason for the pharynx alterations?
Purulent necrotic
Fibrinous
Haemorrhagic
Catarrhal
Serous
42 із 200
Nappies of a newborn have dark spots' being the evidence of homogentisic acid formation. This is caused by the metabolic disorder of the following substance:
Tyrosine
Cholesterol
Galactose
Methionine
Tryptophan
43 із 200
A histological specimen presents a receptor zone of a sensoepithelial sense organ. Cells of this zone are placed upon the basal membrane and include the following types: external and internal receptor cells, external and internal phalangeal cell, stem cells, external limiting cells and external supporting cell. The described receptor zone belongs to the following sense organ:
Acoustic organ
Visual organ
Gustatory organ
Olfactory organ
Equilibrium organ
44 із 200
A patient was admitted to the hospital with an asphyxia attack provoked by a spasm of smooth muscles of the respiratory tracts. This attack was mainly caused by alterations in the following parts of the airways:
Small bronchi
Terminal bronchioles
Large bronchi
Respiratory part
Median bronchi
45 із 200
While eating a child choked on food and aspirated it. The child has severe cough, cyanotic skin and mucous membranes, rapid pulse, infrequent respiration, prolonged expiration. The child has developed the following disorder of the external respiration:
Expiratory dyspnea under asphyxia
Inspiratory dyspnea under asphyxia
Alternating respiration
Stenotic respiration
Biot’s respiration
46 із 200
A 50-year-old patient complains about general weakness, appetite loss and cardiac arrhythmia. The patient presents with muscle hypotonia, flaccid paralyses, weakened peristaltic activity of the bowels. Such condition might be caused by:
Hypokaliemia
Hypophosphatemia
Hypoproteinemia
Hyponatremia
Hyperkaliemia
47 із 200
While playing volleyball a sportsman jumped and then landed across the external edge of his foot. This caused acute pain in the talocrural articulation, active movements became limited, passive movements remained unlimited but painful. In the region of the external ankle a swelling appeared, the skin turned red and became warmer to the touch. What type of peripheral circulation disorder has developed in this case?
Arterial hyperaemia
Venous hyperaemia
Stasis
Embolism
Thrombosis
48 із 200
A patient suffering from myasthenia has been administered proserin. After its administration the patient has got nausea, diarrhea, twitch of tongue and skeletal muscles. What drug would help to eliminate the intoxication?
Atropine sulfate
Pyridostigmine bromide
Mesatonum
Physostigmine
Isadrine
49 із 200
A man died from an acute infectious disease accompanied by fever, jaundice, haemorrhagic rash on the skin and mucous membranes as well as by acute renal insufficiency. Histological examination of renal tissue (stained by Romanovsky-Giemsa method) revealed some convoluted bacteria looking like C und S letters. What bacteria were revealed?
Leptospira
Spirilla
Campilobacteria
Borrelia
Treponema
50 із 200
A 12-year-old adolescent suffering from bronchial asthma has a severe attack of asthma: he presents with marked expiratory dyspnea, skin pallor. What type of alveolar ventilation disorder is observed?
Obstructive
Neuromuscular
Restrictive
Central
Thoracodiaphragmatic
51 із 200
A 46-year-old patient suffering from the diffuse toxic goiter underwent resection of the thyroid gland. After the surgery the patient presents with appetite loss, dyspepsia, increased neuromuscular excitement. The body weight remained unchanged. Body temperature is normal. Which of the following has caused such a condition in this patient?
Reduced production of parathormone
Increased production of thyroxin
Increased production of thyroliberin
Increased production of calcitonin
Reduced production of thyroxin
52 із 200
A patient who had myocardial infarction was administered 75 mg of acetylsalici-nic acid a day. What is the purpose of this administration?
Reduction of thrombocyte aggregation
Temperature reduction
Coronary vessel dilatation
Inflammation reduction
Pain relief
53 із 200
Medical examination at the mili- tary registration and enlistment office revealed that a 15year-old boy was high, with eunuchoid body proportions, gynecomastia, female pattern of pubic hair distribution. The boy had also fat deposits on the thighs, no facial hair, high voice, subnormal intelligence quotient. Which karyotype corresponds with this disease?
47, XXY
46, XY
45, XO
47, XXX
46, XX
54 із 200
To prevent the transplant rejection after organ transplantation it is required to administer hormonotherapy for the purpose of immunosuppression. What hormones are used for this purpose?
Glucocorticoids
Catecholamines
Mineralocorticoids
Thyroid
Sexual hormones
55 із 200
A 53-year-old female patient was diagnosed with liver rupture resulting from a blunt abdominal injury. The escaped blood will be assembled in the following anatomic formation:
Rectouterine pouch
Vesicouterine pouch
Left mesenteric sinus
Omental bursa
Right mesenteric sinus
56 із 200
A patient complains about edemata of legs, skin cyanosis, small ulcers on one side of the lateral condyle. Examination revealed a swelling, enlarged veins, formation of nodes. The pathological process has started in the following vein:
V. saphena parva
V saphena magna
V femoralis
V iliaca externa
V profunda femoris
57 із 200
A 1,5-year-old child presents with both mental and physical lag, decolorizing of skin and hair, decrease in catecholamine concentration in blood. When a few drops of 5% solution of trichloroacetic iron had been added to the child’s urine it turned olive green. Such alteration are typical for the following pathology of the amino acid metabolism:
Phenylketonuria
Alkaptonuria
Tyrosinosis
Albinism
Xanthinuria
58 із 200
Autopsy of a 73-year-old man who had been suffering from the coronary heart disease along with cardiac insufficiency for a long time revealed: nutmeg liver, brown induration of lungs, cyanotic induration of kidneys and spleen. What kind of circulation disorder was the cause of such effects?
General chronic venous congestion
Chronic anaemia
Arterial hyperaemia
Acute anaemia
General acute venous congestion
59 із 200
A patient suffering from chronic hyperacidic gastritis takes an antacid drug for heartburn elimination. After its ingestion the patient feels better but at the same time he has a sensation of stomach swelling. Which of the following drugs might be the cause of such side effect?
Sodium hydrocarbonate
Aluminium hydrooxide
Pepsin
Magnesium trisilicate
Magnesium oxide
60 із 200
Continuous use of a certain drug may cause osteoporosis, erosions of stomach mucosa, hypokaliemia, retention of sodium and water in the organism, decreased concentration of corticotropin in blood. What drug is it?
Prednisolone
Digoxin
Indometacin
Reserpine
Hypothiazide
61 із 200
A patient has been given high doses of hydrocortisone for a long time. This caused atrophy of one of the adrenal cortex zones. Which zone is it?
Fascial
Glomerular
-
Glomerular and reticular
Reticular
62 із 200
A 63-year-old patient with collapse presentations was delivered to the emergency hospital. A physician has chosen noradrenalin against hypotension. What is its mechanism of action?
Activation of ^-adrenoreceptors
Block of M-cholinoreceptors
Activation of 3-adrenoreceptors
Activation of dopamine receptors
Activation of serotonin receptors
63 із 200
The greater amount of nitrogen is excreted from the organism in form of urea. Inhibition of urea synthesis and accumulation of ammonia in blood and tissues are induced by the decreased activity of the following liver enzyme:
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase
Urease
Amylase
Pepsin
Aspartate aminotransferase
64 із 200
A patient suffering from syphilis has been treated with bismuth preparations. As a result of it some grey spots' turned up on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity; nephropathy symptoms were also present. What drug should be used for treatment of bismuth intoxication?
Unithiol
Naloxone
Bemegride
Nalorphine
Methylene blue
65 із 200
ECG of a patient shows such alterations: P-wave is normal, P — Q-interval is short, ventricular QRST complex is wide, R-wave is double-peak or two-phase. What form of arrhythmia is it?
WPW syndrome (Wolff-Parkinson-White)
Ciliary arrhythmia
Frederick’s syndrome (atrial flutter)
Atrioventricular block
Ventricular fibrillation
66 із 200
In a histological specimen parenchyma of an organ is represented by lymphoid tissue that forms lymph nodes; the latter are arranged in a diffuse manner and enclose a central artery. What anatomic formation has such morphological structure?
Spleen
Thymus
Tonsil
Lymph node
Red bone marrow
67 із 200
Examination of a patient with frequent haemorrhages from the internal organs and mucous membranes revealed proline and lysine within the collagen fibers. Disorder of their hydroxylation is caused by lack of the following vitamin:
Vitamin C
Vitamin E
Vitamin A
Vitamin B1
Vitamin K
68 із 200
During a prophylactic medical examination a 7-year-old boy was diagnosed with daltonism. His parents are healthy and have normal colour vision, but his grandfather on his mother’s side has the same abnormality. What is the type of the abnormality inheritance?
Recessive, sex-linked
Autosomal recessive
Semidominance
Dominant, sex-linked
Autosomal dominant
69 із 200
In a healthy adult speed of the excitement conduction through the atrioventricular node is 0,02-0,05 m/sec. Atrioventricular delay enables :
Sequence of atrial and ventricular contractions
Sufficient force of ventricular contractions
Sufficient force of atrial contractions
Simultaneity of both ventricles contractions
Simultaneity of both atria contractions
70 із 200
A histological specimen of a kidney shows a part of the distal tubule going between the afferent and efferent arteriole. The cells building the tubule wall have dense nuclei; basal membrane is absent. Such structural formation is called:
Macula densa
-
Juxtavascular cells
Mesangial cells
Juxtaglomerular cells
71 із 200
Stimulation of an excitable cell by the electric current has led to the depolarization of its membrane. The depolarization has been caused mainly by the following ions penetrating into the cell through its membrane:
Na+
Cl-
HCO3C. Ca2+
K+
72 із 200
Products of some proteins hydrolysis and modification are the biologically active substances called hormones. Li-potropin, corticotropin, melanotropin and endorphins are synthesized in the hypophysis of the following protein:
Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)
Thyreoglobulin
Neurostromin
Neuroalbumin
Neuroglobulin
73 із 200
In patients with the biliary tract obstruction the blood coagulation is inhibited; the patients have frequent haemorrhages caused by the subnormal assimilation of the following vitamin:
K
D
A
E
C
74 із 200
A 48-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints about weakness, irritability, sleep disturbance. Objectively: skin and scleras are of yellow colour. In blood: increased concentration of total bilirubin with prevailing direct bilirubin. The feces are acholic. The urine is dark (contains bile pigments). What type of jaundice is it?
Mechanic
Haemolytic
Gilbert’s syndrome
Crigler-Najjar syndrome
Parenchymatous
75 із 200
A bacteriological laboratory has received smears from the sputum of a patient with a chronic pulmonary disease. Microscopical examination of the smears stained by the Ziehl-Neelsen technique revealed red bacilli. What property of the tuberculosis bacillus has shown itself?
Acid resistance
Alcohol resistance
Alkali resistance
Capsule formation
Spore formation
76 із 200
Microscopical examination of an enlarged cervical lymph node revealed blurring of its structure, absence of lymphoid follicles; all the microscopic fields showed cells with roundish nuclei and thin limbus of basophil cytoplasm. It is known from the clinical data that other groups of lymph nodes are also enlarged as well as spleen and liver. What disease might be suspected?
Lymphoid leukosis
Myeloid leukosis
Lymphosarcoma
Multiple myeloma
Lymphogranulomatosis
77 із 200
Two weeks after lacunar tonsillitis a 20-year-old man started complaining about general weakness, lower eyelid edemata. After examination the patient was diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis. What are the most likely pathological changes in the urine formula?
Proteinuria
Cylindruria
Natriuria
Presence of fresh erythrocytes
Pyuria
78 із 200
A 38-year-old patient came to a traumatology centre and complained about an injury of his right hand. Objectively: the patient has a cut wound in the region of the thenar eminence on the right hand; distal phalanx of the I finger cannot be flexed. What muscle was injured?
Long flexor muscle of thumb
Abductor muscle of thumb
Opposer muscle of thumb
Short flexor muscle of thumb
Short abductor muscle of thumb
79 із 200
Lung ventilation in a person is increased as a result of physical activity. Which of the following indices of the external respiration is much higher than in a state of rest?
Respiratory volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Vital capacity of lungs
Total lung capacity
80 із 200
As a result of continuous starvation the glomerular filtration rate has increased by 20%. The most probable cause of the glomerular filtration alteration under the mentioned conditions is:
Decrease in the oncotic pressure of blood plasma
Increase in the systemic arterial pressure
Increase of the renal blood flow
Increase in the permeability of the renal filter
Increase of the filtartion quotient
81 із 200
After transfusion of 200 ml of blood a patient presented with body temperature rise up to 37,9oC. Which of the following substances is the most likely cause of temperature rise?
Interleukin-1
Interleukin-4
Interleukin-2
Tumour necrosis factor
Interleukin-3
82 із 200
A man who is riding the carousel presents with increased heart rate, sweating, nausea. This condition is caused primarily by the stimulation of the following receptors:
Vestibular ampullar
Proprioceptors
Visual
Vestibular otolithic
Auditory
83 із 200
A worker of a cattle farm fell acutely ill and then died from the progressing intoxication. Autopsy revealed enlarged, hyposthenic spleen of dark-cherry colour when dissected; excessive pulp scraping. At the base and fornix of brain pia maters are edematous, soaked with blood, dark-red ('scarlet hat'). Microscopic examination revealed serous haemorrhagic inflammation of brain tissues and tunics along with destruction of small vessel walls. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Anthrax
Cholera
Plaque
Brucellosis
Tularemia
84 із 200
A 49-year-old patient consulted a doctor about increased fatigability and dyspnea provoked by physical activity. ECG results: heart rate - 50/min, PQ-interval is prolonged, QRS- complex is unchanged, the number of P-waves exceeds the number of QRS-complexes. What type of arrhythmia is it?
Atrioventricular block
Sinoatrial block
Ciliary arrhythmia
Extrasystole
Sinus bradycardia
85 із 200
A patient suffering from coronary artery disease had taken a certain drug many times a day in order to arrest stenocardia attacks. Overdose of this drug finally caused intoxication. Objectively: cyanotic skin and mucous membranes, dramatic fall in the arterial pressure, tachycardia, respiration inhibition. Blood has increased concentration of methemoglobin. The drug the patient had taken relates to the following group:
Organic nitrates
Adenosine drugs
Myotropic spamolytics
^-adrenoceptor blockers
Calcium channel blockers
86 із 200
A patient with android-type obesity had been suffering from arterial hypertension, hyperglycemia, glycosuria for a long time and died from the cerebral haemorrhage. Pathologic examination revealed pituitary basophil adenoma, adrenal cortex hyperplasia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Itsenko-Cushing’s syndrome
Pituitary nanism
Diabetes mellitus
Adiposogenital dystrophy
Acromegalia
87 із 200
A middle-aged man went to a foreign country because he had been offered a job there. However he had been unemployed for quite a long time. What endocrine glands were exhausted most of all in this man?
Adrenal glands
Parathyroid glands
Seminal glands
Thyroid gland
Substernal gland
88 із 200
A girl has been diagnosed with adrenogenital syndrome (pseudohermaphroditism). This pathology is caused by hypersecretion of the following adrenal hormone:
Androgens
Catecholamines
Estrogens
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
89 із 200
A woman delivered a dead child with multiple developmental defects. What protozoan disease might have caused the intrauterine death?
Toxoplasmosis
Malaria
Leishmaniasis
Lambliasis
Amebiasis
90 із 200
A patient has a massive haemorrhage caused by damage of the dorsal lingual artery by cancer of tongue back. What vessel should be ligated for the haemorrhage arrest?
Lingual artery
Deep artery of tongue
Dorsal lingual artery
Facial artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
91 із 200
A 12-year-old teenager has significantly put off weight within 3 months; glucose concentration rose up to 50 millimole! He fell into a coma. What is the main mechanism of its development?
Hyperosmolar
Ketonemic
Hypoxic
Hypoglycemic
Lactacidemic
92 із 200
As a result of increased permeability of the erythrocyte membrane in a patient with microspherocytic anaemia (Minkowsky-Shauffard disease) cells receive sodium ions and water. Erythrocytes take form of spherocytes and can be easily broken down. What is the leading mechanism of erythrocyte damage in this case?
Electrolytic osmotic
Protein
Calcium
Nucleic
Acidotic
93 із 200
A histological specimen shows a blood vessel. Its inner coat is composed by endothelium, subendothelium and internal elastic membrane. The middle coat is enriched with smooth myocytes. Such morphological characteristics are typical for the following vessel:
Muscular-type artery
Capillary
Muscular-type vein
Non-muscular vein
Elastic-type artery
94 із 200
Cooling of the human body in water is much more faster than in the air. What way of heat emission in water is much more effective?
Heat conduction
Sweat evaporation
Convection
Heat radiation
-
95 із 200
An 18-year-old man was delivered to the hospital after a road accident. Examination at the traumatological department revealed multiple injuries of soft tissues of face in the region of the medial eye angle. The injuries caused massive haemorrhage. What arterial anastomosis might have been damaged in this region?
a. carotis externa et a. carotis interna
a. carotis interna et a. subclavia
a. carotis interna et a. ophthalmica
a. subclavia et a. ophthalmica
a. carotis externa et a. subclavia
96 із 200
After a surgery a 36-year-old woman was given an intravenous injection of concentrated albumin solution. This has induced intensified water movement in the following direction:
From the intercellular fluid to the capillaries
From the intercellular fluid to the cells
No changes of water movement will be observed
From the cells to the intercellular fluid
From the capillaries to the intercellular fluid
97 із 200
Autopsy of a man with a malignant stomach tumour who had died from cancer intoxication revealed in the posteroinferior lung fields some dense, grayish-red irregular foci protruding above the section surface. Microscopic examination revealed exudate containing a large amount of neutrophils in the lumen and walls of small bronchi and alveoles. Such pulmonary alterations indicate the following disease:
Acute purulent bronchopneumonia
Intermittent pneumonia
Acute bronchitis
Croupous pneumonia
Acute serous bronchopneumonia
98 із 200
Autopsy of a 1,5-year-old child revealed haemorrhagic skin rash, moderate hyperaemia and edema of nasopharyngeal mucous membrane, small haemorrhages in the mucous membranes and internal organs; dramatic dystrophic alterations in liver and myocardium; acute necrotic nephrosis; massive haemorrhages in the adrenal glands. What disease are these alterations the most typical for?
Meningococcal infection
Diphtheria
Measles
Epidemic typhus
Scarlet fever
99 із 200
During examination of an 11-month-old infant a pediatrician revealed osteoectasia of the lower extremities and delayed mineralization of cranial bones. Such pathology is usually provoked by the deficit of the following vitamin:
Cholecalciferol
Bioflavonoids
Riboflavin
Pantothenic acid
Thiamin
100 із 200
Examination of a patient suffering from chronic hepatitis revealed a significant decrease in the synthesis and secretion of bile acids. What process will be mainly disturbed in the patient’s bowels?
Fat emulsification
Amino acid absorption
Carbohydrate digestion
Glycerin absorption
Protein digestion
101 із 200
Retrospective diagnostics of bacterial dysentery involved serological analysis of blood serum intended for determination of Shigella antibody titre. Which of the following reactions should be applied for this purpose?
Passive haemagglutination
Haemolysis
Bacteriolysis
Precipitation
Complement binding
102 із 200
You are studying functioning of a bacteria operon. The operator gene has been released from the repressor gene. Immediately after this the following process will start in the cell:
Transcription
Translation
Replication
Processing
Repression
103 із 200
While determining power inputs of a patient’s organism it was established that the respiratory coefficient equaled 1,0. This means that in the cells of the patient the following substances are mainly oxidized:
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins and carbohydrates
Carbohydrates and fats
Proteins
104 із 200
During an experiment the dorsal roots of the spinal cord of an animal have been cut. What changes will be observed in the innervation zone?
Sensitivity loss
Increase in muscle tone
Decrease in muscle tone
Loss of motor functions
Sensitivity loss and loss of motor functions
105 із 200
An experimental animal has lost ori-entative reflexes as a result of destruction of certain brainstem structures. What structures had been destroyed?
Quadrigeminal plate
Vestibular nuclei
Black substance
Medial nuclei of the reticular formation
Red nuclei
106 із 200
A patient has osmotic pressure of blood plasma at the rate of 350 mOsmol/l (norm is 300 mOsmol/l). This will cause hypersecretion of the following hormone:
Vasopressin
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Adrenocorticotropin
Natriuretic
107 із 200
After a sprint an untrained person develops muscle hypoxia. This leads to the accumulation of the following metabolite in muscles:
Lactate
Acetyl CoA
Ketone bodies
Glucose 6-phosphate
Oxaloacetate
108 із 200
Cytoplasm of the myocytes contains a lot of dissolved metabolites resulting from glucose oxidation. Name the metabolite that turns directly into lactate:
Pyruvate
Glucose-6-phosphate
Oxaloacetate
Fructose-6-phosphate
Glycerophosphate
109 із 200
A young man complains about urination disorder. Examination of the external genitals revealed that the urethra was split and urine could flow out of this orifice. What anomaly of the external genitals development is it?
Epispadia
Hermaphroditism
Paraphimosis
Hypospadia
Phimosis
110 із 200
A patient consulted an urologist about pain during urination. Analysis of his urine taken in the daytime revealed eggs with a characteristic sharp point. It is known from the anamnesis that the patient has recently returned from Australia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Urogenital schistosomiasis
Dicroceliasis
Japanese schistosomiasis
Opisthorchiasis
Intestinal schistosomiasis
111 із 200
Colonoscopy of a patient with dysentery revealed that the mucous membrane of the large intestine was hyperemic, edematic, and its surface was covered with grey-and-green layerings. What morphological form of dysenteric colitis is it?
Fibrinous
Necrotic
Ulcerous
Purulent
Catarrhal
112 із 200
Examination of a patient 24 hours after appendectomy revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis with a regenerative shift. What is the most likely mechanism of leukocytosis development?
Intensification of leukopoiesis
Redistribution of the leukocytes in the organism
Deceleration of leukocyte migration to the tissues
Deceleration of leukocyte breakdown
Intensification of leukopoiesis and deceleration of leukocyte migration to the tissues
113 із 200
A 35-year-old patient complains about having severe rhinitis and loss of sense of smell for a week. Objectively: the nasal cavity contains a lot of mucus covering the mucous membrane and blocking olfactory receptors. In what region of the nasal cavity are these receptors located?
Superior nasal concha
Common nasal meatus
Median nasal concha
Vestibule of nose
Inferior nasal concha
114 із 200
A 10-year-old child had the mantoux tuberculin test administered. 48 hours later a papule up to 8 mm in diameter appeared on the site of the injection. What type of hypersensitivity reaction developed after the tuberculin injection?
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
Arthus phenomenon
Atopic reaction
Type II hypersensitivity reaction
Seroreaction
115 із 200
Vitamin Bx deficiency causes disturbance of oxidative decarboxylation of o-ketoglutaric acid. This leads to the impaired synthesis of the following coenzyme:
Thiamine pyrophosphate
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Coenzyme A
Flavine adenine dinucleotide
Lipoic acid
116 із 200
On the ground of clinical presentations a patient was prescribed pyri-doxal phosphate. This medication is recommended for correction of the following processes:
Transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids
Protein synthesis
Synthesis of purine and pyrimidin bases
Desamination of purine nucleotides
Oxidative decarboxylation of ketonic acids
117 із 200
A patient with clinical presentations of immunodeficiency has undergone immunological tests. They revealed significant decrease in number of cells that form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. What conclusion can be drown on the ground of the analysis data?
Decrease in T-lymphocyte level
Decrease in natural killer level (NK-cells)
Lack of effector cells of the humoral immunity
Decrease in 5-lymphocyte level
Decrease in complement system level
118 із 200
A man had worked in a coal mine for over 20 years. After his death autopsy revealed that his lungs were dense, grayish-black and had large areas of neogenic connective tissue containing a lot of microphages with black pigment in the cytoplasm. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Anthracosis
Siderosis
Talcosis
Anthracosilicosis
Silicoanthracosis
119 із 200
Autopsy of a man who died from sepsis revealed a phlegmonous inflammation in the femoral bone of lower extremity. The inflammation was seen in the bone marrow, haversian canals and periosteum. There were also multiple abscesses underneath the periosteum; the surrounding soft tissues of the thigh were also affected by the phlegmonous inflammation. What pathological process is it?
Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis
-
Osteoporosis
Osteopetrosis
Chronic haematogenous osteomyelitis
120 із 200
After the prior sensibilization an experimental animal was given a subcutaneous injection of an antigen. The place of injection exhibited a fibrinous inflammation with alteration of the vessel walls, basal substance and fibrous structures of the connective tissue in form of mucoid and fibrinoid swelling and necrosis. What immunological reaction is it?
Immediate hypersensitivity
Normergic reaction
Reaction of transplantation immunity
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Granulomatosis
121 із 200
While examining the oral cavity a stomatologist revealed inflammation of papillae on the border of the median and posterior third of the back of tongue. What papillae are inflamed?
Papillae vallatae
Papillae filiformes
Papillae conicae
Papillae fungiformes
Papillae foliatae
122 із 200
Autopsy of a 50-year-old man revealed the following changes: his right lung was moderately compact in all parts, the dissected tissue was found to be airless, fine-grained, dryish. Visceral pleura had greyish-brown layers of fibrin. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Croupous pneumonia
Bronchopneumonia
Interstitial pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Pneumofibrosis
123 із 200
In the pubertal period cells of the male sexual glands start producing the male sexual hormone testosterone that is responsible for formation of the secondary sexual characters. What cells of the male sexual glands produce this hormone?
Leidig cells
Sertoli’s cells
Spermatozoa
Sustenocytes
Sustentacular cells
124 із 200
Examination of a patient revealed overgrowth of facial bones and soft tissues, tongue enlargement, wide interdental spaces in the enlarged dental arch. What changes of the hormonal secretion are the most likely?
Hypersecretion of the somatotropic hormone
Hyposecretion of insulin
Hypersecretion of insulin
Hyposecretion of the somatotropic hormone
Hyposecretion of thyroxin
125 із 200
Autopsy of a man, who had been suffering from the multiple bronchiectasis for 5 years and died from chronic renal insufficiency, revealed that kidneys were dense and enlarged, with thickened cortical layer of white colour with greasy lustre. What renal disease might be suspected?
Secondary amyloidosis
-
Chronic pyelonephritis
Necrotic nephrosis
Glomerulonephritis
126 із 200
Autopsy of a 49-year-old woman who died from chronic renal insufficiency, revealed: kidneys were dense, reduced, multicoloured, with haemorrhagic areas. Microscopic examination revealed some hematoxylin bodies in the nuclei of the renal tubule epithelium; 'wireloop' thickening of the glomerular capillary basement membrane; here and there in the capillaries some hyaline thrombi and foci of fibrinoid necrosis were present. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Arteriosclerotic pneumosclerosis
Amyloidosis
Rheumatism
Atherosclerotic nephrosclerosis
127 із 200
As a result of durative antibiotic therapy a 37-year old patient developed intestinal dysbacteriosis. What type of drugs should be used in order to normalize intestinal microflora?
Eubiotics
Autovaccines
Bacteriophages
Vitamins
Sulfanilamides
128 із 200
A married couple came to the genetic counseling. The husband suffers from the insulindependant diabetes, the wife is healthy. What is the probability that this couple will have an insulin-dependant child?
Higher than throughout the population
50 %
The same as throughout the population
Lower than throughout the population
100 %
129 із 200
An elderly female patient suffers from the type 2 diabetes mellitus accompanied by obesity, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease. Basal hyperi-nsulinemia is also present. What treatment would be the most appropriate?
Glibenclamid
Lovastatin
Insulin
Amlodipine
Retabolil
130 із 200
A 32-year-old patient consulted a doctor about the absence of lactation after parturition. Such disorder might be explained by the deficit of the following hormone:
Prolactin
Vasopressin
Thyrocalcitonin
Somatotropin
Glucagon
131 із 200
Preventive examination of a patient revealed an enlarged lymph node of metastatic origin on the medial wall of the left axillary crease. Specify the most likely localization of the primary tumour:
Mammary gland
Thyroid gland
Stomach
Lung
Submandibular salivary gland
132 із 200
A man suffering from osteochondrosis got acute pain in the abdominal muscles (lateral and anterior). During objective examination a physician diagnosticated increased pain sensitivity of skin in the hypogastric region. This pain might be caused by affection of the following nerve:
Iliohypogastric
Genitofemoral
Femoral
Obturator
Sciatic
133 із 200
Pyeloureterography X-ray photo showed a renal pelvis with minor calyces only (major calyces were absent). What form of urinary tracts of a kidney was revealed?
Embryonal
Mature
Ampullar
-
Fetal
134 із 200
Autopsy of a man who died from influenza revealed that the heart was slightly enlarged and pastose. The surface of the incision of myocardium appeared to be pale, with specks. Microscopic examination revealed signs of parenchymatous adipose and hydropic degeneration, edematic stroma with scant lymphocytic and macrophage infiltration; plethoric vessels; perivascular petechial haemorrhages. What type of myocarditis is it?
Serous diffuse
Serous focal
Interstitial proliferative
Purulent
Granulomatous
135 із 200
In spite of treatment with cardiotonics and thiazide diuretic a patient suffering from chronic cardiac failure still presents with edemata and faces a risk of ascites. What medication should be administered in order to increase the diuretic effect of the above mentioned drugs?
Spironolactone
Amiloride
Furosemide
Manithol
Clopamide
136 із 200
Gynecological examination of the uterine cervix in a 30-year-old woman revealed some brightred lustrous spots' that easily bleed when touched. Biopsy showed that a part of the uterine cervix was covered with cylindrical epithelium with papillary outgrowths; in the depth of tissue the growth of glands was present. What pathology of the uterine cervix was revealed?
Pseudoerosion
Endocervicitis
Leukoplakia
True erosion
Glandular hyperplasia
137 із 200
A stillborn child was found to have thickened skin resembling of the tortoise shell, underdeveloped auricles. Histological examination of skin revealed hyperkeratosis, atrophy of the granular epidermis layer; inflammatory changes were not present. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Ichthyosis
Erythroplakia
Leukoplakia
Dermatomyositis
Xerodermia
138 із 200
A patient presents with twilight vision impairment. Which of the following vitamins should be administered?
Retinol acetate
Ascorbic acid
Cyanocobalamin
Pyridoxine hydrochloride
Nicotinic acid
139 із 200
A female patient consulted a doctor about pain and limited movements in the knee joints. Which of the following nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs should be administered taking into consideration that the patient has a history of chronic gastroduodenitis?
Celecoxib
Acetylsalicilic acid
Promedol
Butadiounum
Diclofenac sodium
140 із 200
Depressions and emotional insanities result from the deficit of noradrenalin, serotonin and other biogenic amines in the brain. Their concentration in the synapses can be increased by means of the antidepressants that inhibit the following enzyme:
Monoamine oxidase
Diamine oxidase
Phenylalanine-4-monooxygenase
L-amino-acid oxidase
D-amino-acid oxidase
141 із 200
A patient presents with icteriti-ousness of skin, scleras and mucous membranes. Blood plasma the total bilirubin is increased, stercobilin is increased in feces, urobilin is increased in urine. What type of jaundice is it?
Haemolytic
Gilbert’s disease
Cholestatic
Obturational
Parenchymatous
142 із 200
A pathology-histology laboratory received a vermiform appendix up to 2,0 cm thick. Its serous membrane was pale, thick and covered with yellowish-green films. The wall was flaccid, of grayish-red colour. The appendix lumen was dilated and filled with yellowish-green substance. Histological examination revealed that the appendix wall was infiltrated with neutrophils. Specify the appendix disease:
Acute phlegmonous appendicitis
Acute superficial appendicitis
Acute gangrenous appendicitis
Acute simple appendicitis
Chronic appendicitis
143 із 200
While on holiday in the countryside a boy found a spider with the following morphological peculiarities: body length of 2 cm, round black abdomen with two rows of red dots on its dorsal surface, four pairs of segmented extremities covered with tiny black hairs. Identify this arthropod:
Karakurt spider
Tarantula
Mite
Solifugae
Scorpion
144 із 200
As a result of a trauma a patient has developed traumatic shock that led to the following disorders: AP is 140/90 mm Hg, Ps is 120 bpm. The patient is fussy, talkative, pale. Such state relates to the following shock phase:
Erectile
-
Terminal
Latent period
Torpid
145 із 200
Examination of a patient admitted to the surgical department with symptoms of acute appendicitis revealed the following changes in the white blood cells: the total count of leukocytes is 16 • 109/l. Leukocyte formula: basophils - 0, eosinophils - 2%, juvenile forms 2 %, stabnuclear - 8%, segmentonuclear - 59%, lymphocytes - 25%, monocytes- 4%. The described changes can be classified as:
Neutrophilia with regenerative left shift
Neutrophilia with hyperregenerative left shift
Neutrophilia with degenerative left shift
Neutrophilia with right shift
Neutrophilic leukemoid reaction
146 із 200
After a trauma a patient lost ability of elbow extension. This might have been caused by dysfunction of the following main muscle:
m. triceps brachii
m. teres major
m. levator scapulae
m. subscapularis
m. infraspinatus
147 із 200
A student came to see a doctor and asked to administer him a drug for treatment of allergic rhinitis that occurs in the period of linden flowering. What drug may be used?
Loratadine
Losartan
Ambroxol
Propanolol
Noradrenaline hydrotartrate
148 із 200
In an embryo the process of dorsal mesoderm segmentation and somite formation is disturbed. What part of skin will probably have developmental abnormalities?
Dermis
Sebaceous glands
Epidermis
Perspiratory glands
Hair
149 із 200
A 9-month-old infant is fed with artificial formulas with unbalanced vitamin B6 concentration. The infant presents with pellagral dermatitis, convulsions, anaemia. Convulsion development might be caused by the disturbed formation of:
GABA
DOPA
Dopamine
Histamine
Serotonin
150 із 200
During an experiment the myotatic reflex has been studied in frogs. After extension in a skeletal muscle its reflectory contraction was absent. The reason for it might be a dysfunction of the following receptors:
Muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs
Articular
Tactile
Nociceptors
151 із 200
During an experiment vagus branches that innervate heart are being stimulated. This has stopped conduction of excitement from the atria to the ventricles. The reason for it are electrophysical changes in the following structures:
Atrioventricular node
His’ bundle
Ventricles
Atria
Sinoatrial node
152 із 200
A man has worked in an African country for 3 years. A month after his return to Ukraine he consulted an ophthalmologist and complained about eye ache, eyelid edema, lacrimati-on and temporary visual impairment. Underneath the eye conjunctiva the doctor revealed helminths 30-50 mm long with elongated filiform body. What diagnosis might be suspected?
Filariasis
Diphyllobothriasis
Enterobiasis
Ascaridiasis
Trichocephaliasis
153 із 200
After a disease a 16-year-old boy is presenting with decreased function of protein synthesis in the liver as a result of vitamin K deficiency. This may cause disorder of:
Blood coagulation
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Erythropoietin production
Osmotic blood pressure
Anticoagulant production
154 із 200
In response to a change in body position from horizontal to vertical blood circulation system develops reflectory pressor reaction. Which of the following is its compulsory component?
Systemic constriction of the venous vessels
Systemic dilatation of the arterial resistive vessels
Weakening of the pumbing ability of heart
Increase in the heart rate
Decrease in the circulating blood volume
155 із 200
Life cycle of a cell includes a process of DNA autoreduplication. As a result of this process monochromatid chromosomes become bichromatid. This phenomenon is observed within the following period of the cell cycle:
5
Gi
Go
M
G2
156 із 200
As a result of a road accident a driver has gotten a trauma. Now he is in shock condition and presents with a decrease in daily diuresis down to 300 ml. What is the main pathogenetic factor of such alterati-
Arterial pressure drop
Increase in vascular permeability
Oncotic blood pressure drop
Secondary hyperaldosteronism
Decrease in number of the functioning glomerules
157 із 200
Examination of a patient revealed autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (cytotoxic type). What substances act as antigens in the II-type allergic reactions?
Modified receptors of cell membranes
Serum proteins
Hormones
Inflammation modulators
Antibiotics
158 із 200
A patient suffers from the haemorrhagic syndrome that shows itself in frequent nasal bleedings, posttraumatic and spontaneous intracutaneous and intra-articular haemorrhages. After a laboratory study a patient was diagnosed with the type B haemophilia. This disease is provoked by the deficit of the following factor of blood coagulation:
IX
VII
VIII
V
XI
159 із 200
After a craniocerebral trauma a patient lost the ability to execute learned purposeful movements (apraxia). The injury is most likely localized in the following region of the cerebral cortex:
Gyrus supramarginalis
Gyrus parahippocampalis
Gyrus lingualis
Gyrus angularis
Gyrus paracentralis
160 із 200
A 58-year-old patient suffers from the cerebral atherosclerosis. Examination revealed hyperlipoidemia. What class of lipoproteins will most probably show increase in concentration in this patient’s blood serum?
Low-density lipoproteins
Cholesterol
High-density lipoproteins
Fatty acid complexes with albumins
Chylomicrons
161 із 200
A patient consulted a physician about muscle rigidity, constrained movements, permanent arm tremor. The patient was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. What preparation should be administered?
Levodopa
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Ethosuximide
Diazepam
162 із 200
A patient with coronary artery disease was admitted to the cardiological department. For stenocardia prevention a drug from the group of 3-adrenoceptor blockers was administered. What drug is it?
Metoprolol
Atropine sulfate
Oxytocin
Morphine hydrochloride
Furosemide
163 із 200
A 28-year-old female patient consulted a gynecologist about sterility. Examination revealed underdeveloped ovaries and uterus, irregular menstrual cycle. Analysis of the sex chromatin revealed 2 Barr’s bodies in most somatic cells. What chromosome disease is most likely?
Triple X syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Edwards’ syndrome
Turner’s syndrome
Patau’s syndrome
164 із 200
A patient with drug intoxication presented with the dryness of oral mucous membrane and mydriatic pupils. Such action of this drug is associated with the following effect:
Muscarinic cholinoreceptor block
Adrenoreceptor stimulation
Nicotinic cholinoreceptor stumulation
Adrenoreceptor block
Muscarinic cholinoreceptor stumulation
165 із 200
A newborn develops dyspepsia after the milk feeding. When the milk is substituted by the glucose solution the dyspepsia symptoms disappear. The newborn has the subnormal activity of the following enzyme:
Lactase
Maltase
Invertase
Amylase
Isomaltase
166 із 200
A man presents with increased heart rate, mydriatic pupils, dry mouth. This condition results from the activation of the following system of function regulation:
Sympathetic
Metasympathetic
Vago-insular
Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal
Parasympathetic
167 із 200
A patient with a limb fracture must be administered a depolarizing drug from the myorelaxant group for the purpose of a short-time surgery. What drug is it?
Dithylinum
Tubocurarine chloride
Atropine sulfate
Pentaminum
Cytitonum
168 із 200
A patient suffering from chronic bronchitis takes a synthetic mucolytic drug that facilitates the sputum thinning. What drug is it?
Acetylcysteine
Diazepam
Heparin
Enalapril
Furosemide
169 із 200
A patient with massive burns developed acute renal insufficiency characterized by a significant and rapid deceleration of glomerular filtration. What is the mechanism of its development?
Reduction of renal blood flow
Rise of pressure of tubular fluid
Reduction of functioning nephron number
Renal artery embolism
Damage of glomerular filter
170 із 200
A patient with severe course of respiratory viral infection presented with clinical signs of progressing heart failure that led to his death in the 2nd week of disease. Autopsy revealed that the heart cavities were significantly dilated, the heart was flabby. Histological examination of the myocardium revealed microvascular plethora and diffuse stroma infiltration with lymphocytes and histiocytes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Myocarditis
Stenocardia
Myocardial infarction
Acute coronary insufficiency
Cardiomyopathy
171 із 200
During the regular sanitary-epidemiological inspection of a pharmacy, the bacteriological analysis of air was performed. The air was found to have bacilli, yeast fungi, hemolytic streptococci, micrococci. Which of the detected microorganisms indicate the direct epidemic danger?
Haemolytic streptococci
-
Yeast fungi
Micrococci
Bacilli
172 із 200
A man with an injury in the nuchal region (regio nuchae) was admitted to the resuscitation department. What muscle occupies this region?
m. trapezius
m. rhomboideus minor
m. scalenus anterior
m. sternocleidomastoideus
m. latissimus dorsi
173 із 200
A section of the left lung was found to have an area of dense red tissue. The area was coneshaped, stood out distinctly from the healthy tissue, with its base directed to the pleura. The dissected tissue was granular, dark-red. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Haemorrhagic infarction
Croupous pneumonia
Lung abscess
Lung gangrene
Primary tuberculous affection
174 із 200
An animal has an increased tonus of extensor muscles. This the result of intensified information transmission to the motoneurons of the spinal cord through the following descending pathways:
Vestibulospinal
Rubrospinal
Reticulospinal
Medial corticospinal
Lateral corticospinal
175 із 200
Following exposure to radiation a lot of mutant cells appeared in a patient. Some time later most of them were detected and destroyed by the following
T-lymphocytes-killers
Plasmoblasts
5- lymphocyte
Stem cells
T-lymphocytes-supressors
176 із 200
A 65-year-old man has purulent abscess on his neck. Analyses revealed a culture of grampositive cocci with plasmocoagulase activity. This culture relates most likely to:
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
-
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
177 із 200
In clinical practice tuberculosis is treated with izoniazid preparation - that is an antivitamin able to penetrate into the tuberculosis bacillus. Tuberculostatic effect is induced by the interference with replication processes and oxidation-reduction reactions due to the buildup of pseudo-coenzyme:
NAD
TDP
FMN
CoQ
FAD
178 із 200
A newborn child was found to have reduced intensity of sucking, frequent vomiting, hypotonia. Urine and blood exhibit increased concentration of citrulli-ne. What metabolic process is disturbed?
Ornithinic cycle
Glyconeogenesis
Cori cycle
Tricarboxylic acid cycle
Glycolysis
179 із 200
Vagus nerves of an experimental animal have been cut on the both sides. What respiratory changes will result from this?
Respiration will become deep and infrequent
Respiration will become deep and frequent
Respiration will become shallow and frequent
Respiration will become shallow and infrequent
There will be no respiratory changes
180 із 200
Before tooth extraction a patient was advised to take a certain drug for haemorrhage prevention. What drug was advised?
Vicasolum
Asparcam
Heparin
Dimedrol
Magnesium sulfate
181 із 200
A patient who has been taking a drug for a long time cannot abruptly stop its use, because this may lead to psychic and somatic dysfunctions. Name the syndrome of different disorders caused by a drug withdrawal:
Abstinence
Sensibilization
Idiosyncrasy
Cumulation
Tachyphylaxis
182 із 200
A 45-year-old patient suffers from neurosis characterized by irritability, sleeplessness, motiveless anxiety. What drug would eliminate all the symptoms?
Diazepam
Levodopa
Pyracetam
Caffeine sodium benzoate
Valerian extract
183 із 200
After taking poor-quality food a patient developed repeated episodes of diarrhea. On the next day he presented with decreased arterial pressure, tachycardia, extrasystole. Blood pH is 7,18. These abnormalities were caused by the development of:
Nongaseous acidosis
Gaseous alkalosis
Nongaseous alkalosis
Gaseous acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
184 із 200
Which muscle contraction will be observed in the upper extremity during holding (not moving) a load in a certain position?
Isometric
Excentric
Auxotonic
Isotonic
Concentric
185 із 200
A patient has lost skin sensitivity in the region of the medial surface of his shoulder. This is the result of dysfunction of the following nerve:
Medial brachial cutaneous nerve
Radial nerve
Axillary nerve
Ulnar nerve
Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
186 із 200
Examination of a young woman revealed a tumour up to 3 cm in diameter in form of a knot localized along the acoustic nerve. The tumour is homogenous, soft and elastic, of pink-andwhite colour. Microscopically the tumour contains clusters of cells with oval nuclei. Fibrous cell clusters form regular structures made up by parallel rows of regularly oriented cells arranged in form of a palisade. Zones between the rows of cells are acellular and homogenous ( Verocai bodies). What tumour is it?
Neurinoma
Ganglioneuroblastoma
Ganglioneuroma
Malignant neurinoma
Neuroblastoma
187 із 200
A patient with myocardial infarction was admitted to the cardiological department. For pain relief it was decided to potentiate fentanyl action with a neuroleptic. Which of the following neuroleptics is the most suitable for neuroleptanalgesia?
Droperidol
Aminazine
Triftazine
Sulpiride
Haloperidol
188 із 200
Treatment course of bacterial pneumonia included benzylpenicillin sodium salt. What is the mechanism of its antimicrobial action?
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis of the microorganism
Inhibition of the cholinesterase activity
Antagonism with the paraaminobenzoic acid
Inhibition of the SH enzyme groups of the microorganisms
Inhibition of the intracellular protein synthesis
189 із 200
A 49-year-old driver complains about unbearable constricting pain behind the breastbone irradiating to the neck. The pain arose 2 hours ago. Objectively: the patient’s condition is grave, he is pale, heart tones are decreased. Laboratory studies revealed high activity of creatine kinase and LDHX. What disease are these symptoms typical for?
Acute myocardial infarction
Diabetes mellitus
Stenocardia
Acute pancreatitis
Cholelithiasis
190 із 200
A 60-year-old patient presents with weakened peristaltic activity of the bowels. Which of the following foodstuffs would stimulate peristalsis most of all?
Brown bread
white bread
Tea
Lard
Meat
191 із 200
After inoculation of the material obtained from the pharynx of an angina patient onto the blood-tellurite agar, grey colonies could be observed. They were 4-5 mm in diameter, radially striated (in form of rosettes). Microscopical examination revealed gram-positive bacilli with clavate swollen ends arranged in form of wide-spread fingers. Identify these microorganisms:
Diphtheria corynebacteria
Streptobacilli
Diphtheroids
Streptococci
Clostridium botulinum
192 із 200
A microspecimen of the submandibular salivary gland shows some basketshaped cells concentrated around the acines and excretory ducts. These cells surround bases of the serous cells and are called myoepitheliocytes. These cells relate to the following tissue:
Muscular tissue
Loose fibrous connective tissue
Special connective tissue
Neural tissue
Epithelial tissue
193 із 200
It was established that agglutination of the recipient’s blood erythrocytes had been caused by the standard sera from the I and II groups. Serum from the III group as well as anti-Rh serum hadn‘t provoke any agglutination. Which blood group and rhesus is allowed to be transfused this recipient?
B, a (III) Rh-
A, p (II) RhC. 0, a, p, (I) Rh +
AB (IV), Rh+
AB (IV), Rh-
194 із 200
Pharmacological effects of antidepressants are based upon blocking (inhibiting) the enzyme that acts as a catalyst for the breakdown of biogenic amines noradrenalin and serotonin in the mitochondria of cephalic neurons. What enzyme takes part in this process?
Monoamine oxidase
Decarboxylase
Lyase
Peptidase
Transaminase
195 із 200
An oncological patient was administered methotrexate. With the lapse of time the target cells of the tumour lost sensitivity to this preparation. We can observe changes in the gene expression of the following enzyme:
Dihydrofolate reductase
Desaminase
Folate oxidase
Thiminase
Folate decarboxylase
196 із 200
A patient with a hypertensive crisis was admitted to the cardiological department. He was given an intravenous injection of an antihypertensive drug -alkali-earth metal salt. What drug was injected?
Magnesium sulfate
Sodium hydrocarbonate
Benzohexonium
Potassium chloride
Calcium lactate
197 із 200
An injured person was delivered to the hospital with a penetrating wound in the left lateral region of abdomen. What part of the large intestine is most likely damaged?
Colon descendens
Rectum
Colon ascendens
Colon transverses
Caecum
198 із 200
After a road accident a driver was delivered to the hospital with an injury of the medial epicondyle of humerus. What nerve might be damaged in this case?
n. ulnaris
n. axillaris
n. muscolocutaneus
n. medianus
n. radialis
199 із 200
A man with a stab wound in the region of the quadrilateral foramen consulted a doctor about it. Examination revealed that the injured couldn’t abduct his arm from the body. What nerve is most likely damaged?
n. axillaris
n. ulnaris
n. radialis
n. subclavius
n. medianus
200 із 200
Examination of the anterior abdominal wall of a pregnant woman revealed a tumour-like formation that arose on the spot of a tumour that was removed two years ago. The neoplasm was well-defined, dense, 2x1 cm large. Histological examination revealed that the tumour was composed of differentiated connective tissue with prevailing collagen fibres. What tumour might be suspected?
Desmoid
Fibrosarcoma
Hibernoma
Lipoma
Leiomyoma